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Various trees of life are recounted in folklore, culture and fiction, often relating to immortality or fertility. They had their origin in religious symbolism.
Ancient Iran
In pre-Islamic Persian mythology, the Gaokerena world tree is a large, sacred Haoma tree which bears all seeds. Ahriman (Ahreman, Angremainyu) created a frog to invade the tree and destroy it, aiming to prevent all trees from growing on the earth. As a reaction, God (Ahura Mazda) created two kar fish staring at the frog to guard the tree. The two fishes are always staring at the frog and stay ready to react to it. Because Ahriman is responsible for all evil including death, while Ahura Mazda is responsible for all good (including life) the concept of world tree in Persian Mythology is very closely related to the concept of Tree of Life.The sacred plant haoma and the drink made from it. The preparation of the drink from the plant by pounding and the drinking of it are central features of Zoroastrian ritual. Haoma is also personified as a divinity. It bestows essential vital qualities—health, fertility, husbands for maidens, even immortality. The source of the earthly haoma plant is a shining white tree that grows on a paradisiacal mountain. Sprigs of this white haoma were brought to earth by divine birds.Haoma is the Avestan form of the Sanskrit soma. The near identity of the two in ritual significance is considered by scholars to point to a salient feature of an Indo-Iranian religion antedating Zoroastrianism.
Another related issue in ancient mythology of Iran is the myth of Mashyа and Mashyane, two trees who were the ancestors of all living beings. This myth can be considered as a prototype for the creation myth where living beings are created by Gods (who have a human form).
Ancient Egypt
Worshipping Osiris, Isis, and Horus
To the Ancient Egyptians, the Tree of Life represented the hierarchical chain of events that brought every thing into existence. The spheres of the Tree of Life demonstrate the order, process, and method of creation.In Egyptian mythology, in the Ennead system of Heliopolis, the first couple, apart from Shu and Tefnut (moisture and dryness) are Geb and Nuit (earth and sky), are Isis and Osiris. They were said to have emerged from the acacia tree of Iusaaset, which the Egyptians considered the tree of life, referring to it as the "tree in which life and death are enclosed." Some acacia trees contain DMT, a psychedelic drug associated with spiritual experiences. The drug is not orally bio-available, however and there is no evidence the Egyptians had techniques for extracting or otherwise harnessing the drug. A much later myth relates how Set and 72 conspirators killed Osiris, putting him in a coffin, and throwing it into the Nile, the coffin becoming embedded in the base of a tamarisk tree.The Egyptians' Holy Sycamore also stood on the threshold of life and death, connecting the two worlds.
Assyria
Assyrian tree of life, from Nimrud panels.The Assyrian Tree of Life was represented by a series of nodes and criss-crossing lines. It was apparently an important religious symbol, often attended to in Assyrian palace reliefs by human or eagle-headed winged genies, or the King, and blessed or fertilized with bucket and cone. Assyriologists have not reached consensus as to the meaning of this symbol. The name "Tree of Life" has been attributed to it by modern scholarship; it is not used in the Assyrian sources. In fact, no textual evidence pertaining to the symbol is known to exist.
Baha'i Faith
The concept of the tree of life appears in the writings of the Baha'i Faith, where it can refer to the Manifestation of God, a great teacher who appears to humanity from age to age. An example of this can be found in the Hidden Words of Bahá'u'lláh:["Have ye forgotten that true and radiant morn, when in those hallowed and blessed surroundings ye were all gathered in My presence beneath the shade of the tree of life, which is planted in the all-glorious paradise? Awestruck ye listened as I gave utterance to these three most holy words: O friends! Prefer not your will to Mine, never desire that which I have not desired for you, and approach Me not with lifeless hearts, defiled with worldly desires and cravings. Would ye but sanctify your souls, ye would at this present hour recall that place and those surroundings, and the truth of My utterance should be made evident unto all of you."Also, in the Tablet of Ahmad [1], of Bahá'u'lláh:"Verily He is the Tree of Life, that bringeth forth the fruits of God, the Exalted, the Powerful, the Great".Bahá'u'lláh refers to his male descendents as branches (Aghsán) and calls women leaves.
A distinction has been made between the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. The latter represents the physical world with its opposites, such as good and evil and light and dark. In a different context from the one above, the tree of life represents the spiritual realm, where this duality does not exist.
Buddhism
The Bo tree, also called Bodhi tree, according to Buddhist tradition, is the pipal (Ficus religiosa) under which the Buddha sat when he attained Enlightenment (Bodhi) at Bodh Gaya (near Gaya, west-central Bihar state, India). A living pipal at Anuradhapura, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), is said to have grown from a cutting from the Bo tree sent to that city by King Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE.According to Tibetan tradition when Buddha went to the holy Lake Manasorovar along with 500 monks, he took with him the energy of Prayaga Raj. Upon his arrival, he installed the energy of Prayaga Raj near Lake Manasorovar, at a place now known as Prayang. Then he planted the seed of this eternal banyan tree next to Mt. Kailash on a mountain known as the "Palace of Medicine Buddha".
China
In Chinese mythology, a carving of a Tree of Life depicts a phoenix and a dragon; the dragon often represents immortality. A Taoist story tells of a tree that produces a peach every three thousand years. The one who eats the fruit receives immortality.An archaeological discovery in the 1990s was of a sacrificial pit at Sanxingdui in Sichuan, China. Dating from about 1200 BCE, it contained three bronze trees, one of them 4 meters high. At the base was a dragon, and fruit hanging from the lower branches. At the top is a strange bird-like (phoenix) creature with claws. Also found in Sichuan, from the late Han dynasty (c 25 – 220 CE), is another tree of life. The ceramic base is guarded by a horned beast with wings. The leaves of the tree are coins and people. At the apex is a bird with coins and the Sun.
Christianity
In Catholic Christianity, the Tree of Life represents the immaculate state of humanity free from corruption and Original Sin before the Fall. Pope Benedict XVI has said that "the Cross is the true tree of life." Saint Bonaventure taught that the medicinal fruit of the Tree of Life is Christ himself. Saint Albert the Great taught that the Eucharist, the Body and Blood of Christ, is the Fruit of the Tree of Life.[18] Augustine of Hippo said that the tree of life is Christ: "All these things stood for something other than what they were, but all the same they were themselves bodily realities. And when the narrator mentioned them he was not employing figurative language, but giving an explicit account of things which had a forward reference that was figurative. So then the tree of life also was Christ... and indeed God did not wish the man to live in Paradise without the mysteries of spiritual things being presented to him in bodily form. So then in the other trees he was provided with nourishment, in this one with a sacrament... He is rightly called whatever came before him in order to signify him."[19]
The tree first appeared in Genesis 2:9 and 3:22-24 as the source of eternal life in the Garden of Eden, from which access is revoked when man is driven from the garden. It then reappears in the last book of the Bible, the Book of Revelation, and most predominantly in the last chapter of that book (Chapter 22) as a part of the new garden of paradise. Access is then no longer forbidden, for those who "wash their robes" (or as the textual variant in the King James Version has it, "they that do his commandments") "have right to the tree of life" (v.14). A similar statement appears in Rev 2:7, where the tree of life is promised as a reward to those who overcome. Revelation 22 begins with a reference to the "pure river of water of life" which proceeds "out of the throne of God". The river seems to feed two trees of life, one "on either side of the river" which "bear twelve manner of fruits" "and the leaves of the tree were for healing of the nations" (v.1-2).[20] Or this may indicate that the tree of life is a vine that grows on both sides of the river, as John 15:1 would hint at.
In Eastern Christianity the tree of life is the love of God.The tree of life appears in the Book of Mormon in a revelation to Lehi (see 1 Nephi 8:10). It is symbolic of the love of God (see 1 Nephi 11:21-23). Its fruit is described as "most precious and most desirable above all other fruits," which "is the greatest of all the gifts of God" (see 1 Nephi 15:36). In another scriptural book, salvation is called "the greatest of all the gifts of God" (see Doctrine and Covenants 6:13). In the same book eternal life is also called the "greatest of all the gifts of God" (see Doctrine and Covenants 14:7). Because of these references, the tree of life and its fruit is sometimes understood to be symbolic of salvation and post-mortal existence in the presence of God and his love.
Europe
11th century Tree of Life sculpture at an ancient Swedish church
In Dictionnaire Mytho-Hermetique (Paris, 1737), Antoine-Joseph Pernety, a famous alchemist, identified the Tree of Life with the Elixir of Life and the Philosopher's Stone.
In Eden in the East (1998), Stephen Oppenheimer suggests that a tree-worshipping culture arose in Indonesia and was diffused by the so-called "Younger Dryas" event of c. 8000 BCE, when the sea level rose. This culture reached China (Szechuan), then India and the Middle East. Finally the Finno-Ugaritic strand of this diffusion spread through Russia to Finland where the Norse myth of Yggdrasil took root.
Georgia
The Borjgali (Georgian: ბორჯღალი) is an ancient Georgian Tree of Life symbol.
Germanic paganism and Norse mythology[
In Germanic paganism, trees played (and, in the form of reconstructive Heathenry and Germanic Neopaganism, continue to play) a prominent role, appearing in various aspects of surviving texts and possibly in the name of gods.
The tree of life appears in Norse religion as Yggdrasil, the world tree, a massive tree (sometimes considered a yew or ash tree) with extensive lore surrounding it. Perhaps related to Yggdrasil, accounts have survived of Germanic Tribes' honouring sacred trees within their societies. Examples include Thor's Oak, sacred groves, the Sacred tree at Uppsala, and the wooden Irminsul pillar. In Norse Mythology, the apples from Iðunn's ash box provide immortality for the gods.
Hinduism
The Eternal Banyan Tree (Akshaya Vata) is located on the bank of the Yamuna inside the courtyard of Allahabad Fort near the confluence of the Yamuna and Ganga Rivers in Allahabad. The eternal and divine nature of this tree has been documented at length in the scriptures.[citation needed]
During the cyclic destruction of creation when the whole earth was enveloped by waters, akshaya vata remained unaffected. It is on the leaves of this tree that Lord Krishna rested in the form of a baby when land was no longer visible. And it is here that the immortal sage, Markandeya, received the cosmic vision of the Lord. It is under this tree that Buddha meditates eternally. Legend also has it that the Bodi tree at Gaya is a manifestation of this tree.
Islam
Carpet Tree of Life
Main article: Quranic tree of life
See also: Sidrat al-Muntaha
The "Tree of Immortality" (Arabic: شجرة الخلود) is the tree of life motif as it appears in the Quran. It is also alluded to in hadiths and tafsir. Unlike the biblical account, the Quran mentions only one tree in Eden, also called the tree of immortality, which Allah specifically forbade to Adam and Eve. Satan, disguised as a serpent, repeatedly told Adam to eat from the tree, and eventually both Adam and Eve did so, thus disobeying Allah.] The hadiths also speak about other trees in heaven.
According to the Ahmadiyya movement, Quranic reference to the tree is symbolic; eating of the forbidden tree signifies that Adam disobeyed God.[
Jewish sources
Main articles: Etz Chaim and Biblical tree of life
Etz Chaim, Hebrew for "tree of life," is a common term used in Judaism. The expression, found in the Book of Proverbs, is figuratively applied to the Torah itself. Etz Chaim is also a common name for yeshivas and synagogues as well as for works of Rabbinic literature. It is also used to describe each of the wooden poles to which the parchment of a Sefer Torah is attached.The tree of life is mentioned in the Book of Genesis; it is distinct from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. After Adam and Eve disobeyed God by eating fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, they were driven out of the Garden of Eden. Remaining in the garden, however, was the tree of life. To prevent their access to this tree in the future, Cherubim with a flaming sword were placed at the east of the garden. (Genesis 3:22-24)
In the Book of Proverbs, the tree of life is associated with wisdom: "[Wisdom] is a tree of life to them that lay hold upon her, and happy [is every one] that retaineth her." (Proverbs 3:13-18) In 15:4 the tree of life is associated with calmness: "A soothing tongue is a tree of life; but perverseness therein is a wound to the spirit."
The Book of Enoch, generally considered non-canonical, states that in the time of the great judgment God will give all those whose names are in the Book of Life fruit to eat from the Tree of Life.
Kathara grid
The esoteric bio-spiritual healing system of kathara which is presented on Earth by the official Speaker of the Guardian Alliance – E’Asha Ashayana,explains in detail the function of the code of the kathara grid] as the natural tree of life. Kathara reveals the anatomy of Creation, core structure, the blueprints & interconnectedness of all matter forms and in the center is the replication of the kathara grid everywhere.The kathara grid consists of 12 kathara centers and the relationships between them represent the true meaning of the phrase "As above, so below" and the correspondence between microcosmos and macrocosmos.
Kabbalah. Judaic Kabbalah Tree of Life 10 Sephirot, through which the Ein Sof unknowable Divine manifests Creation. The configuration relates to manJewish mysticism depicts the Tree of Life in the form of ten interconnected nodes, as the central symbol of the Kabbalah. It comprises the ten Sephirot powers in the Divine realm. The panentheistic and anthropomorphic emphasis of this emanationist theology interpreted the Torah, Jewish observance, and the purpose of Creation as the symbolic esoteric drama of unification in the Sephirot, restoring harmony to Creation. From the time of the Renaissance onwards, Jewish Kabbalah became incorporated as an important tradition in non-Jewish Western culture, first through its adoption by Christian Cabala, and continuing in Western esotericism occult Hermetic Qabalah. These adapted the Judaic Kabbalah Tree of Life syncretically by associating it with other religious traditions, esoteric theologies, and magical practices.
Mesoamerican
The concept of world trees is a prevalent motif in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cosmologies and iconography. World trees embodied the four cardinal directions, which represented also the fourfold nature of a central world tree, a symbolic axis mundi connecting the planes of the Underworld and the sky with that of the terrestrial world.Depictions of world trees, both in their directional and central aspects, are found in the art and mythological traditions of cultures such as the Maya, Aztec, Izapan, Mixtec, Olmec, and others, dating to at least the Mid/Late Formative periods of Mesoamerican chronology. Among the Maya, the central world tree was conceived as or represented by a ceiba tree, and is known variously as a wacah chan or yax imix che, depending on the Mayan language.[32] The trunk of the tree could also be represented by an upright caiman, whose skin evokes the tree's spiny trunk.Directional world trees are also associated with the four Yearbearers in Mesoamerican calendars, and the directional colors and deities. Mesoamerican codices which have this association outlined include the Dresden, Borgia and Fejérváry-Mayer codices.[31] It is supposed that Mesoamerican sites and ceremonial centers frequently had actual trees planted at each of the four cardinal directions, representing the quadripartite concept.World trees are frequently depicted with birds in their branches, and their roots extending into earth or water (sometimes atop a "water-monster," symbolic of the underworld). The central world tree has also been interpreted as a representation of the band of the Milky Way.
Middle East
The Epic of Gilgamesh is a similar quest for immortality. In Mesopotamian mythology, Etana searches for a 'plant of birth' to provide him with a son. This has a solid provenance of antiquity, being found in cylinder seals from Akkad (2390–2249 BCE).The Book of One Thousand and One Nights has a story, 'The Tale of Buluqiya', in which the hero searches for immortality and finds a paradise with jewel-encrusted trees. Nearby is a Fountain of Youth guarded by Al-Khidr. Unable to defeat the guard, Buluqiya has to return empty-handed.
North American
In a myth passed down among the Iroquois, The World on the Turtle's Back, explains the origin of the land in which a tree of life is described. According to the myth, it is found in the heavens, where the first humans lived, until a pregnant woman fell and landed in an endless sea. Saved by a giant turtle from drowning, she formed the world on its back by planting bark taken from the tree.The tree of life motif is present in the traditional Ojibway cosmology and traditions. It is sometimes described as Grandmother Cedar, or Nookomis Giizhig in Anishinaabemowin.In the book Black Elk Speaks, Black Elk, an Oglala Lakota (Sioux) wičháša wakȟáŋ (medicine man and holy man), describes his vision in which after dancing around a dying tree that has never bloomed he is transported to the other world (spirit world) where he meets wise elders, 12 men and 12 women. The elders tell Black Elk that they will bring him to meet "Our Father, the two-legged chief" and bring him to the center of a hoop where he sees the tree in full leaf and bloom and the "chief" standing against the tree. Coming out of his trance he hopes to see that the earthly tree has bloomed, but it is dead
Serer religion
In Serer religion, the tree of life as a religious concept forms the basis of Serer cosmogony. Trees were the first things created on Earth by the supreme being Roog (or Koox among the Cangin). In the competing versions of the Serer creation myth, the Somb (Prosopis africana) and the Saas tree (acacia albida) are both viewed as trees of life. However, the prevailing view is that, the Somb was the first tree on Earth and the progenitor of plant life. The Somb was also used in the Serer tumuli and burial chambers, many of which had survived for more than a thousand years.Thus, Somb is not only the Tree of Life in Serer society, but the symbol of immortality
Urartian Tree of Life
In ancient Urartu, the Tree of Life was a religious symbol and was drawn on walls of fortresses and carved on the armor of warriors. The branches of the tree were equally divided on the right and left sides of the stem, with each branch having one leaf, and one leaf on the apex of the tree. Servants stood on each side of the tree with one of their hands up as if they are taking care of the tree.
Turkic .The Tree of Life, as seen as in flag of Chuvashia, a Turkic state in the Russian FederationThe Tree of Life design on 0,05 Turkish lira (5 kuruş).
The World Tree or Tree of Life is a central symbol in Turkic mythology.[citation needed] It is a common motif in carpets.
It is also used as the main design of a common Turkish lira sub-unit 5 kuruş since 2009.
Digital collage and processing
Created for 45th MMM Challenge
Source image with thanks to ~Brenda-Starr~
“Some offer their wealth, their austerity, and their practice of yoga as sacrifice, while the ascetics with strict vows offer their study of scriptures and knowledge as sacrifice.”
(Bhagavad Gita)
This is a picture of Lal Baba who is a Saivite (follower of Shiva) sādhu.
He was born in the Indian state of Bihar but he stays most of the time in Varanasi (Benaras).
I didn’t see him since a few months, no one could tell me where he was whenever I was asking at the ghats so I was happy to see him again a few days ago as I was walking with my friend Rajesh along the Ganges.
People call him Lal Baba because he mostly wears garments in red shades, in Hindi “lal” means red.
His huge turban keeps a few meters of dreadlocks and gives him an impressive presence.
Sometimes people think that he can’t see much because of cataract but in fact his eyes have an amazing deep blue colour.
I told him that Benaras is not the same without him and he laughed.
This is a link to another picture with him shot a few years ago:
www.flickr.com/photos/designldg/422170201/in/set-72157600...
I might go and see him tomorrow as I told him that I’ll give him a few pictures this week.
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Since the microscope was first used for scientific purpose's in the 17th century, it has made invaluable contribution's to the fields of biology, chemistry, physics and micro electronics.
The Science Picnic of Polish Radio and the Copernicus Science Centre.
The event was held at the national stadium in Warsaw. As usual at such events it was full of kids and lots of colorful balloons.
As you can see the Science Picnic in my eyes looks very... Strange ?
Nous passerons de doux dimanches, plus doux que n'est le chocolat, jouant tous deux au jeu des hanches : le soir, j'en serai raplapla.
Lit from the side, by a 45watt bulb and a SB600 speed light on a chair, fitted with a phong light sphere 2
Prints available at zacharymassengill.smugmug.com
.... that wants to be filled and can not...
Si tu franchis le seuil de ma maison
Je t'offrirai
De partager mon pain
Pétri de bon grain
Récolté sur ma terre.
Je t'offrirai
De partager mon vin
Soutiré de la vigne
Plantée jadis par mon père.
Je te demanderai
De lever ton verre
A notre santé.
Je t'offrirai un toit
Pour te protéger de l'hiver
Grelottant sous la bise
Qui ravine les terres mortes.
Je te demanderai
De refermer la porte
Sur ton passé.
Je t'installerai
Devant un bon feu
Ouvert dans la cheminée.
La soupe pendra à la crémaillère.
Je te demanderai
De partager le peu
Que je possède.
Je te demanderai
De me donner la foi
De me donner la joie
Qui fait du pauvre un roi...
Lorsqu'elle est partagée.
Je te supplierai
De ne pas me quitter...
Jamais!
Cyrilla Delaunoit
If you cross the threshold of my house
I will offer you
To share my bread
Kneaded of good grain
Harvested on my land.
I will offer you
To share my wine
Extracted from the vine
Once planted by my father.
I will ask you
To raise your glass
To our health.
I will offer you a roof
To protect you from the winter
Shivering under the wind
Furrowing the dead lands.
I will ask you
To close the door
On your past.
I'll set you up
In front of a good fire
Open in the fireplace.
The soup hanging on the pot-hook.
I will ask you
To share the little
That I own.
I will ask you
To give me faith
To give me joy
Who makes the poor into a king ...
When shared.
I will beg you
Not to leave me ...
Never!
Cyrilla Delaunoit
In Memoria for CURLY CAROLINE (Caroline Fraser Beetham) 11/66-9/16
From her husband Andrew I learned that Caro died last September from a cancer she was carrying in her for many years. I met her when as a young woman she joined a holiday tour of the Alliance Française Exeter & Dartington (UK) and already in the train ride I realised that Caroline wasn’t just ‘another girl’. She blazed through the week with boundless energy, shiny eyes, an incredible smile, a head full of bouncing curls (I started – right at the beginning of the holiday, to give every participant not only his/her name but a ‘description’ of the person so that we would be able to learn all the names asap – and of course SHE had to be Curly Caroline!).
Caro wasn’t taking a French course with the AF, her mum did – but I thought it fitting to dedicate a French poem to her and our deepest feelings go to her wonderful and caring husband Andrew, her family whom we loved very much and sadly lost contact with, and all her friends.
The tulip of my picture is a ‘bought’ one – What I love about tulips is that they are so unpredictable. I often buy 3 bunches of different types and put them all together. The mauve ones usually open first although they have the closest heads when I buy them. Those with thick stems grow ‘wildly’ and within 2-3 days they all hang like trapeze artists all over the rim of the vase and in any direction they like. They change colour and structure, some curl their petals up, others dry out, yet others throw them off with reckless abandon… When I took this photo (amongst many others), I didn’t realise that in the back light the pistils of the inner side of this bloom would show up like a slightly open hand, holding a -shaped shadow. I tampered the heart ever so slightly to bring it out a tad more and I thought, it perfectly symbolizes this beautiful woman with a great heart and a loving character who knew that she wouldn’t live to an old age, and went to live every day in the knowledge that she ought to make the best out of it. She kept chickens and pets from animal shelters, she moved to a remote place in Scotland to help create and open a highly specialised bookshop, selling fishing books all over the world, receiving visitors from everywhere on the hunt for ‘that’ special book, map or print. She filled their home with happiness and love, everybody adored her, she made her Christmas cards herself, they were funny and totally collectable, and she made her husband a happy man although they knew that children were not ‘allowed’… And now she is gone forever. She leaves a great void in the shape of a place deep within us that wants to be filled and yet can not.
RIP Caroline
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Sorry my knowledge is very limited on ID.
I love the Flickr automatic tags. they have tagged this as food. I may go back and have it on my toast. Wonder if I will have a bad belly afterwards?
That said, I may get a Flickr viewer saying it is edible. Egg on my face then. Sorry about the pun.
Copyright © 2016 Clive Rees All rights reserved
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Alien art
Some animals are active right away after they are born, they don’t need any mom, dad and society to teach them how to act. They have instinctive knowledge. They know what to do in their world. Their already built-in software packages run them. Each of the software is specifically made for a specific animal.
We don't have built-in software like some animals, we create our software, and our bodies have the potential for a change. The advantage of that kind of software is that we can be something very different. It might be possible to turn ourselves into better human beings.
Our society has to head in a different direction. We have to change the current model of human being. We have to aim to be not aggressive and to aim to be healthy (mentally and physically) human beings, instead of human beings just thinking of enjoying life without considering of our main goals.
Some aliens might have so high societies and also might be so beautiful inside and outside (like the one in my picture above) that we even couldn’t be able to imagine about them.
Things exist because of the existence of the variety of scientific and random processes in our universe.
A la mi-octobre, la situation de l’armée belge, qui tente de se maintenir sur le front de l’Yser, est critique. L’état-major va arrêter l’avance allemande en reprenant une tactique utilisée à plusieurs reprises dans la région : l’inondation de la plaine de l’Yser à partir de la "Patte d’oie" à Nieuport.
Située dans l’arrière-port, au début du chenal de l’Yser, et baptisée ainsi du fait de sa forme particulière, la "Patte d’oie" est un complexe d’écluses et de vannes qui régule la gestion de l’eau dans le bassin de l’Yser. Six voies d’eau convergent à cet endroit : trois canaux surélevés et endigués - dont l’Yser canalisé – fermés par des écluses et trois "vaartjes" (collecteurs non canalisés, situés au niveau des terres avoisinantes pour recevoir les eaux de ruissellement et drainer les terres basses des polders) commandés par des barrages et des vannes. La portion de terrain située entre deux canaux forme un wateringue dont le drainage est assuré par un collecteur.
Pour inonder la zone entre l’Yser et le talus de la ligne de chemin de fer Nieuport-Dixmude derrière lequel ils ont pris position, les Belges ont utilisé les écluses et les vannes de la "Patte d’oie" en inversant leur fonctionnement normal. L’histoire a retenu les noms de Karel Cogge, employé de la wateringue de Furnes, et d’Hendrik Geeraert, un batelier de Nieuport : grâce aux indications de l’un et la connaissance du système hydraulique de l’autre, les écluses et vannes sont ouvertes à la marée montantes pour laisser l’eau envahir les polders et fermées à la marée descendante pour empêcher son évacuation. Après une première tentative décevante dans la nuit du 26 au 27 octobre, la seconde, en ouvrant le déversoir du Noordvaart du 29 au 30, permettra de faire pénétrer une énorme quantité d’eau dans l’arrière-pays, ce qui oblige les Allemands à se retirer sur la rive droite de l’Yser.
Début novembre 1914, la bataille de l’Yser est terminée et le front stabilisé jusqu’en septembre 1918 par une zone inondée s’étendant de Nieuport à Dixmude. Entre le talus du chemin de fer et la rive gauche de l’Yser, le terrain est devenu un immense marécage parsemé d’îlots sur lesquels les deux camps ont installés des postes avancés.
Le seul point de contact direct se situe à Dixmude où les lignes ne sont séparées que par l’Yser et où les Allemands parviennent à se maintenir sur la rive gauche du fleuve à hauteur du "Boyau de la mort". Au sud de Dixmude, l’inondation s’étend jusqu’à Steenstraat.
In mid-October, the situation of the Belgian army, which is trying to maintain itself on the Yser front, is critical. The general staff will stop the German advance by resuming a tactic used several times in the region: the flooding of the Yser plain from the "Crow's foot" in Nieuport.
Located in the inner harbor, at the beginning of the Yser channel, and so named because of its particular shape, the "Patte d'oie" is a complex of locks and gates which regulates the management of the water in the Yser basin. Six waterways converge at this point: three raised and dyked canals - including the channeled Yser - closed by locks and three "vaartjes" (unchanneled collectors, located at the level of the neighboring lands to receive runoff and drain. the lowlands of the polders) controlled by dams and sluices. The portion of land located between two canals forms a watering whose drainage is provided by a collector.
To flood the area between the Yser and the embankment of the Nieuport-Dixmude railway line behind which they took up position, the Belgians used the locks and gates of the "Patte d'oie" by reversing their normal operation. . History has retained the names of Karel Cogge, employee of the wateringue de Veurne, and Hendrik Geeraert, a boatman from Nieuwpoort: thanks to the indications of one and the knowledge of the hydraulic system of the other, the locks and Valves are opened to the rising tide to let water flow into the polders and closed to the ebbing tide to prevent its evacuation. After a disappointing first attempt on the night of October 26 to 27, the second, by opening the Noordvaart spillway from 29 to 30, will allow a huge amount of water to penetrate into the hinterland, forcing the Germans to to retire to the right bank of the Yser.
In early November 1914, the Battle of the Yser was over and the front stabilized until September 1918 by a flooded area stretching from Nieuport to Diksmuide. Between the railroad embankment and the left bank of the Yser, the land has become a huge swamp dotted with islets on which the two camps have set up outposts.
The only direct contact point is at Dixmude where the lines are only separated by the Yser and where the Germans manage to maintain their position on the left bank of the river at the height of the "Trench of Death". South of Diksmuide, the flood extends to Steenstraat.
The picture is taken at the Prunksaal (English: State Hall) of the Austrian National Library, which is the largest library in Austria, with 7.4 million items in its various collections. The library is located in the Hofburg Palace in Vienna. Founded by the Habsburgs, the library was originally called the Hof-Bibliothek ("Imperial Library"). - See Wikipedia
I am so happy these are all completed. This is not how they will be displayed in the Container but I like this arrangement as well.
I have a series of posts on my blog for further details about this project.
A pair of Antique neoclassical carved wooden doors depicting both masculine and feminine figures with tablet and scroll.
Me gustaba tanto el cielo de ayer, un cielo estrecho, negro de lluvia, que se apretaba contra los vidrios como un rostro ridículo y conmovedor. Este sol no es ridículo, al contrario. Sobre todas las cosas que me gustan, sobre la herrumbre del depósito, sobre las tablas podridas de la empalizada, cae una luz ávara y razonable, semejante a la mirada que, después de una noche insomne, echamos a las decisiones tomadas con entusiasmo la víspera, a las páginas escritas sin tachaduras, de un tirón.
Día perfecto para volver sobre uno mismo: las frías claridades que el sol proyecta, como un juicio sin indulgencia, sobre las criaturas, entran en mí por los ojos; me ilumina por dentro una luz empobrecedora. Me bastarían quince minutos para llegar al sumpremo hastío de mí misma.
um.... so yea i dont really know about this one. Knowledge=the lightbulb.
Wow i felt really samry. I spelled "knowledge" wrong the first time...
BUT HOLY CRAP! Im too excited to my saftey. Buzzfest is in less than 4 hours! as of now. (May 10th, 11:14 a.m) My brother was an idiot and pointedly told me to "not die". Now my mother fears for my life in the mosh pit. Thanks Scott. She's also afraid im going get attacked by a druggie or stoner or such... I'll be ok mommy dont worry love you :) I goy mi madre a Jack LaLanne juicer for mothers day. I made apple juice. it was yummy! :D
The wings of the paraglider, carried by sound knowledge of weather and wind. Westenschouwen, Netherlands.
“The greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, it is the illusion of knowledge”. Stephen Hawkings