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Vanavond fijne gyoza gekookt: even aanbakken in de koekenpan, daarna onder een deksel stomen met een kopje water. Knapperig en zacht tegelijk.
Another one by the same knapper?
Found 40+ years and 2 miles apart.
Length is five inches with a 6 to 1 width to thickness ratio.
MAKEDONIEN
MENDE
Tetradrachmon, 400-360. Kopf des jugendlichen Dionysos mit Efeukranz n. l. Rv. MEND-AIWN Ithyphallischer Esel n. l. stehend, eine Krähe pickt an seinem Anus. 12,61 g. Noe, Kaliandra Tf. X, F. SNG ANS 380. S. P. Noe, The Mende (Kaliandra) Hoard, ANS NNM 27 (1926), Tf. X, F. SNG Berry 38. Sehr selten, fein getönt und aussergewöhnlich gut erhalten. Hohes Relief. Knapper Schrötling.Vorzüglich Aus Auktion Numismatica Ars Classica AG, Zürich 5 (1992), 91.
HESSDIVO321, 86
This photograph is copyrighted and may not be used in any way without permission. Contact me at : jackman_on_jazz@yahoo.com concerning use or purchase.
Members include: Josh Duffee, drums; Scott Angelici, Matt Sivertsen, Julie Craighead, sax; Travis Lopez, Josh Hahn, Alan Knapper, trumpets; Bruce Bogen, Chuck Comelia, trombones; Kevin Carton, piano; Jamey Cummins, banjo/guitar; David Abdo, bass; Kristian Svennevig, violin; Holly Sallows, Vanessa Free, and Lauren Young, vocalists.
Flint-knapped arrowhead. (~5.8 centimeters tall)
Knapper: Chris Miller
Flint is the "official" state gemstone of Ohio (actually, there's no such thing as "official" anything). "Flint" is sometimes used as a lithologic term by modern geologists, but it is a synonym for chert. Flint and chert are the same - they are cryptocrystalline, quartzose sedimentary rocks. Rockhounds often assert that flint is high-quality while chert is low-quality. Some geologists assert that "flint" implies a biogenic origin and "chert" implies a chemical origin.
Many cherts do have a chemical origin - chert nodules are moderately common in some limestone units. The nodules form during diagenesis - pre-existing silica components in the carbonate sediments are dissolved, mobilized, and reprecipitated as chert masses. Some cherts do have a biogenic origin - for example, radiolarian cherts (rich in radiolarian microfossils) or spicular cherts (rich in siliceous sponge spicules).
The most famous flint deposit in Ohio is Flint Ridge, in Licking County. At this locality, the Middle Pennsylvanian-aged Vanport Flint is exposed in several places. The geologic literature on the Vanport Flint is relatively sparse, with inaccurate, incomplete descriptions and characterizations. For example, the literature describes the Vanport as a sheet of flint at Flint Ridge - it's actually a meganodule horizon. Other descriptions refer to the chert as the remains of siliceous sponges. In reality, siliceous sponge spicules are quite scarce in Vanport samples.
Two graduate student projects during the 2000s, conducted at two different universities, had very different conclusions & interpretations about the origin of the Vanport Flint. A 2003 study concluded that chert at Flint Ridge is biogenic in origin. A 2006 study concluded that the chert is chemical in origin.
Studies done by geologists at Ohio State University at Newark indicate that the Vanport Flint has a relatively complex history, the details of which are still being worked out.
Modern flint knappers value the Vanport Flint for being multicolored and high-quality (= very few impurities). With artificial heating, the flint is more easily knapped into arrowheads, spear points, and other objects. Prehistoric American Indians quarried the Vanport Flint at many specific sites on Flint Ridge. Old Indian flint pits can be examined along hiking trails in Flint Ridge State Park ("State Memorial"). Many authentic Indian artifacts found in Ohio (arrowheads & spearpoints - "projectile points") are composed of Vanport Flint.
The arrowhead shown here is a modern replica, produced by a skilled knapper named Chris Miller.
Stratigraphy: Vanport Flint, Allegheny Group, upper Middle Pennsylvanian
Locality: Nethers Flint Quarries - flint pit in the woods on the southwestern side of Flint Ridge Road, eastern Flint Ridge, far-western Muskingum County, east-central Ohio, USA (vicinity of 40° 00.137’ North latitude, 82° 11.544’ West longitude)
Flint-knapped spearpoint. (~9.1 centimeters tall)
Knapper: Chris Miller
Flint is the "official" state gemstone of Ohio (actually, there's no such thing as "official" anything). "Flint" is sometimes used as a lithologic term by modern geologists, but it is a synonym for chert. Flint and chert are the same - they are cryptocrystalline, quartzose sedimentary rocks. Rockhounds often assert that flint is high-quality while chert is low-quality. Some geologists assert that "flint" implies a biogenic origin and "chert" implies a chemical origin.
Many cherts do have a chemical origin - chert nodules are moderately common in some limestone units. The nodules form during diagenesis - pre-existing silica components in the carbonate sediments are dissolved, mobilized, and reprecipitated as chert masses. Some cherts do have a biogenic origin - for example, radiolarian cherts (rich in radiolarian microfossils) or spicular cherts (rich in siliceous sponge spicules).
The most famous flint deposit in Ohio is Flint Ridge, in Licking County. At this locality, the Middle Pennsylvanian-aged Vanport Flint is exposed in several places. The geologic literature on the Vanport Flint is relatively sparse, with inaccurate, incomplete descriptions and characterizations. For example, the literature describes the Vanport as a sheet of flint at Flint Ridge - it's actually a meganodule horizon. Other descriptions refer to the chert as the remains of siliceous sponges. In reality, siliceous sponge spicules are quite scarce in Vanport samples.
Two graduate student projects during the 2000s, conducted at two different universities, had very different conclusions & interpretations about the origin of the Vanport Flint. A 2003 study concluded that chert at Flint Ridge is biogenic in origin. A 2006 study concluded that the chert is chemical in origin.
Studies done by geologists at Ohio State University at Newark indicate that the Vanport Flint has a relatively complex history, the details of which are still being worked out.
Modern flint knappers value the Vanport Flint for being multicolored and high-quality (= very few impurities). With artificial heating, the flint is more easily knapped into arrowheads, spear points, and other objects. Prehistoric American Indians quarried the Vanport Flint at many specific sites on Flint Ridge. Old Indian flint pits can be examined along hiking trails in Flint Ridge State Park ("State Memorial"). Many authentic Indian artifacts found in Ohio (arrowheads & spearpoints - "projectile points") are composed of Vanport Flint.
The spearpoint shown here is a modern replica, produced by a skilled knapper named Chris Miller.
Stratigraphy: Vanport Flint, Allegheny Group, upper Middle Pennsylvanian
Locality: Roy Miller flint pit, northwestern corner of the Brownsville Road-Flint Ridge Road intersection, next to Flint Ridge State Park, Flint Ridge, southeastern Licking County, east-central Ohio, USA
Demonstration of twisted handaxe model. This is a wooden model of a hafted ovate twisted handaxe. The demonstration is to show the ease at which such a tool is twisted if embedded. Note that the reverse "S" twist makes a clockwise twist possible which is the same as a modern screw thread! This may help to give backing to any previous theories that may exist that handaxes may have been used like poleaxes . See www.handaxe.co.uk for further details of this and other ideas.
John Handley, 4/5/2009
Pre Season- Knaphill 1-1 Binfield FC - Friendly was played at Winston Churchill 3G Pitches. For USE, PURCHASE or any ENQUIRIES about any photos please contact me at danieleickephotography@hotmail.co.uk or check out my website (Below) for more details. www.danieleickephotography.co.uk
Photos from Surburban League Challenge Cup final Knaphill 1-3 Met Police. For USE, PURCHASE or any ENQUIRIES about these pictures please CONTACT me at daneickephotography@hotmail.co.uk or drop me tweet @Ph0toDan
All Photos ONLY £1 each yes I did say £1 each or the full Album for £25
All Photos shot with a Cannon 70D
Hotel Maritim
A first class hotel situated in the centre of Cologne by the banks of the River Rhine and near to the old town, the cathedral and the main station. The Maritim?s 100 metres long glass roofed hall houses a variety of exclusive boutiques and restaurants. The elegant café and bar on the top floor offers all around panoramic views over Cologne and the Rhine.
Select World Travel were delighted when Lawrence Peachey from DERTOUR invited a member of our staff for a short excursion to Cologne to celebrate the Cologne Carnival. We have sent our Consultant Mr Paul Knapper to discover the dlights of this wonderful German City and will be presenting some Photographs and Video on Pauls return on Wednesday. Today is Rose Monday and one of the Maddest Days in Colognes yearly calendar.
Carnival has been celebrated in the City of Cologne since time immemorial. However, after the French Revolutionary troops left Cologne in 1814 and the Prussians took over, it was high time to "organise" the street carnival which, the new authority felt, was getting out of hand.
Thus, in 1823 the "Festordnendes Komitee" was founded, the predecessor of todays Festive Committee.
On February 10, 1823 Cologne celebrated the first Rose Monday ("Rosenmontag") with the motto "Inthronisation of the Carnival Hero".
Over the years, decades and centuries certain traditions and customs emerged, which are still the hallmark of the traditional Cologne Carnival: the indoor festivities (sessions and balls) and, of course, the street carnival, culminating in the grand parade on Rose Monday. It is the task of the Festive Committee, the umbrella organisation representing well over 100 Cologne carnival associations, traditional corps, etc., to coordinate, set common standards, and preserve the tradition of the "fifth season".
No doubt, the Cologne "Karneval" plays in the Champions League together with the Carnaval in Rio de Janeiro and Carnival in Venice!
The Carnival Season
Given its Christian roots, the date of Rose Monday is determined by the Church calendar: It takes place on the Monday before Ash Wednesday, which in turn marks the beginning of Lent leading up to Good Friday and Easter. Traditionally, the fifth season is declared open at 11 minutes past eleven on the eleventh of November! The Carnival spirit is then temporarily suspended by the Advent and Christmas period, and picks up again "in earnest" in the New Year. Street carnival, also called "the crazy days", takes places between Thursday (Women’s Carnival Day) before Rose Monday and ends on Ash Wednesday. In 2007 the dates are as follows:
Women's Carnival Day, Thursday, 15 February 2007
Official opening of the street carnival at 11:11 hrs at the Alter Markt in the heart of the old town of Cologne.
Carnival Saturday, 17 February 2007
Traditional "Funkenbiwak", the gathering of the colourful Corps troops at the Neumarkt.
Carnival Sunday, 18 February 2007
School group parade through the city centre starting at 11:00 hrs.
Rose Monday, 19 February 2007
The climax of street carnival, with the official parade starting before 11:00 hrs, organised by the
Festive Committee of the Cologne Carnival.
Carnival Tuesday, 20 February 2007
Various Carnival parades in the suburbs of Cologne.
Ash Wednesday, 21 February 2007
Traditionally, fish dinners are served at pubs and restaurants.
The Parade on Rose Monday
No doubt, the highlight of the street carnival is Rose Monday with over 10.000 participants, one-third of them female, 440 horses , 97 floats and 123 bands in 2006.
The 2007 motto: "Cologne is all of us!". Don't miss it!
A Video of the Carnival can be seen on our Blog site at www.selectworld.travel
Example handaxes made by John Handley using Norfolk Flint. (One penny coin for scale). Please see my website www.handaxe.co.uk for further thoughts on handaxe use and manufacture
Flint-knapped arrowhead. (~5.8 centimeters tall)
Knapper: Chris Miller
Flint is the "official" state gemstone of Ohio (actually, there's no such thing as "official" anything). "Flint" is sometimes used as a lithologic term by modern geologists, but it is a synonym for chert. Flint and chert are the same - they are cryptocrystalline, quartzose sedimentary rocks. Rockhounds often assert that flint is high-quality while chert is low-quality. Some geologists assert that "flint" implies a biogenic origin and "chert" implies a chemical origin.
Many cherts do have a chemical origin - chert nodules are moderately common in some limestone units. The nodules form during diagenesis - pre-existing silica components in the carbonate sediments are dissolved, mobilized, and reprecipitated as chert masses. Some cherts do have a biogenic origin - for example, radiolarian cherts (rich in radiolarian microfossils) or spicular cherts (rich in siliceous sponge spicules).
The most famous flint deposit in Ohio is Flint Ridge, in Licking County. At this locality, the Middle Pennsylvanian-aged Vanport Flint is exposed in several places. The geologic literature on the Vanport Flint is relatively sparse, with inaccurate, incomplete descriptions and characterizations. For example, the literature describes the Vanport as a sheet of flint at Flint Ridge - it's actually a meganodule horizon. Other descriptions refer to the chert as the remains of siliceous sponges. In reality, siliceous sponge spicules are quite scarce in Vanport samples.
Two graduate student projects during the 2000s, conducted at two different universities, had very different conclusions & interpretations about the origin of the Vanport Flint. A 2003 study concluded that chert at Flint Ridge is biogenic in origin. A 2006 study concluded that the chert is chemical in origin.
Studies done by geologists at Ohio State University at Newark indicate that the Vanport Flint has a relatively complex history, the details of which are still being worked out.
Modern flint knappers value the Vanport Flint for being multicolored and high-quality (= very few impurities). With artificial heating, the flint is more easily knapped into arrowheads, spear points, and other objects. Prehistoric American Indians quarried the Vanport Flint at many specific sites on Flint Ridge. Old Indian flint pits can be examined along hiking trails in Flint Ridge State Park ("State Memorial"). Many authentic Indian artifacts found in Ohio (arrowheads & spearpoints - "projectile points") are composed of Vanport Flint.
The arrowhead shown here is a modern replica, produced by a skilled knapper named Chris Miller.
Stratigraphy: Vanport Flint, Allegheny Group, upper Middle Pennsylvanian
Locality: Nethers Flint Quarries - flint pit in the woods on the southwestern side of Flint Ridge Road, eastern Flint Ridge, far-western Muskingum County, east-central Ohio, USA (vicinity of 40° 00.137’ North latitude, 82° 11.544’ West longitude)
FLINT KNAPPER
The struck flakes are translucent
As fingernails, the same size,
And curved like them, knapped
Onto the ground with sparks.
Held up to the light, against
His stone-chafed thumb,
He scrutinises fissures
And imperfections.
This little skin-thin blade
Rejected, flipped into the ling,
The edge left unserrated
For the sake of a single chip.
And though the tip is marred,
And this thin sliver but
A Bronze Age factory second
The height of history makes me faint;
I treasure what was cast aside
Dizzied by the vertigo of years.
Source material: Inspired by a bronze age scraper which I found on East Porth, Samson, Isles of Scilly on 1st June 2004. The scraper had no secondary working, and had clearly been rejected because of the flaw at its tip.
I had a lapse of time in Würzburg. It was a warm pre-spring day, everyone enjoyed the sunbeams and the ambiance there on the promenade of the river Main. On a small wall the people were sitting, so also two young people, whom I immediately noticed.
Entertaining, enjoying the view of the river and the castle and very relaxed. Of course I spoke to them, introduced myself, explained my concern and showed the last photos of my project on my smartphone. I was able to convince.
So here I met Lukas , 22 years old. What is Luke doing and what moves him?
It is difficult to find affordable housing in Würzburg. This is also the case with Luke. At the moment, Lukas does not have an apartment or flat, but he lives where there is a possibility for him, for example at the moment with a friend. Lukas is making money as a bicycle courier. If Lukas had something to determine, he would ban the cars from the cities. Because of the cars there is too little space for the people. People adjust their habitat to the cars, actually it should be the opposite. We talked about this phenomenon and the fact that, according a current study, 60% of the working people have to move to the cities, because the housing space is getting scarcer and more expensive. it becomes more and more difficult for families, not to mention the increasingly restricted and dangerous space for adults and especially for children.
Now I asked Rosemarie, his companion (the story still follows), how she would describe Lukas: Lukas is a cross-thinker, does not correspond to the average (if there is such a thing), he is always in search and wonderfully different.
What is your goal in life, I asked Lukas . I am trying to find my own way (without any external determination). I try to make life so that it feels right for me and I find my place in life that feels good to me and my soul.
Finally, I asked Lukas about his motto of life. His answer fits perfectly into this project "The Human Family". Lukas said, the solution to everything in life is to have understanding for everyone on the earth.
A nice conclusion to this encounter. I thank Lukas for this conversation and his insights into life. I wish you all the best and wish you are always on the right road with your bike and find the place in life that will do you good.
I handed out my card to Rosemarie and Lukas (recently with a QR code that leads to my Flickr page), we exchanged the email addresses and said goodbye.
Now I had to go back to my home trip. It was a nice end to my stay here in Würzburg. I am always happy to come here because I have met so many friendly, open-minded, sympathetic people (Linda, Christin, Antonia, Timo, Sophia in the past and actually Rosemarie, Lukas, Caroline, Verena and the wonderful Franziska, her story and photos are under construction).
Again many thanks, Lukas and best wishes to you.
This is my 44th post to the group "The Human Family". Visit "The Human Family" here and have a look on the photos of the other photographers:
www.flickr.com/groups/thehumanfamily/
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Ich war in Würzburg unterwegs. Es war ein warmer Vor-Frühlingstag, alle genossen die Sonnenstrahlen und das Ambiente dort an der Promenade am Main. Auf einer kleinen Mauer saßen die Menschen, so auch zwei junge Leute, die ich gleich bemerkte. Unterhaltend, den Blick auf den Fluss und die Burg genießend und sehr entspannt. Natürlich sprach ich die beiden an, stellte mich vor, erklärte mein Anliegen und zeigte die letzten Fotos meines Projektes auf meinem Smartphone. Damit konnte ich überzeugen.
Hier traf ich also Lukas, 22 Jahre alt. Was macht hier Lukas und was bewegt ihn?
Es ist schwer in Würzburg bezahlbaren Wohnraum zu finden. Das trifft auch Lukas. Zurzeit hat Lukas keine Wohnung, sondern lebt dort, wo sich für ihn eine Möglichkeit bietet, zum Beispiel momentan bei einer Freundin. Geld verdient sich Lukas als Fahrradkurier. Wenn Lukas etwas zu bestimmen hätte, würde er die Autos aus den Städten verbannen. Durch die Autos ist viel zu wenig Platz für die Menschen. Die Menschen passen ihren Lebensraum den Autos an, eigentlich sollte es doch anders sein. Wir unterhielten uns über dieses Phänomen und die Tatsache, dass nach aktuellen Studien 60% der berufstätigen Menschen in die Städte pendeln müssen, weil in den Städten der Wohnraum immer knapper und teurer wird. Familien haben es immer schwerer, ganz zu schweigen, dass der Lebensraum für Erwachsene und besonders für Kinder immer eingeschränkter und gefährlicher wird.
Jetzt fragte ich Rosemarie, wie sie Lukas beschreiben würde: Lukas ist ein Querdenker, entspricht nicht dem Durchschnitt (falls es so etwas gibt), er ist immer auf der Suche und wunderbar anders.
Was ist dein Ziel im Leben, fragte ich Lukas. Ich versuche, meinen eigenen Weg zu finden (ohne Fremdbestimmung). Ich versuche das Leben so zu gestalten, dass es sich für mich richtig anfühlt und ich meinen Platz im Leben finde, der mir gut und meiner Seele gut tut.
Zuletzt fragte ich Lukas nach seinem Lebensmotto. Seine Antwort passt wunderbar in dieses Projekt „The Human Family“. Lukas sagte, die Lösung für alles im Leben ist, Verständnis für die Menschen zu haben.
Ein schönes Schlusswort zu dieser Begegnung. Ich danke Lukas für dieses Gespräch und seine Einsichten zum Leben. Ich wünsche Dir alles Gute und wünsche dir, dass du immer unfallfrei mit deinem Fahrrad unterwegs bist und den Platz im Leben findest, der dir persönlich gut tut.
Ich überreichte Rosemarie und Lukas meine Karte (seit neuestem mit einem QR-Code, der zu meiner Flickr-seite führt), wir tauschten noch die E-Mail-Adressen aus und wir verabschiedeten uns.
Jetzt musste ich zurück, um meine Heimreise antreten zu können. Es war ein schöner Ausklang meines Aufenthalts hier in Würzburg. Ich komme immer wieder gerne hierher, weil ich schon so viele freundliche, aufgeschlossene, sympathische Menschen getroffen habe (Linda, Christin, Antonia, Timo, Sophia in der Vergangenheit und aktuell Rosemarie, Lukas, Caroline, Verena and the wonderful Franziska).
Nochmals danke für dieses Gespräch und alles Gute, Lukas.
Dies ist mein 44. Beitrag zu der Gruppe "The Human Family". Mehr Fotos von anderen Fotografen der Gruppe findest Du hier:
Johnny McIntyre holds the cup aloft as he disappears under a flurry of kisses.
(Photo courtesy of William Knapper)
Obsidian-knapped spearpoint. (~9.5 centimeters from top to bottom)
Knapper: John Bohan
Obsidian is a glassy-textured, extrusive igneous rock. It forms by either very rapid cooling of lava or by cooling of high-viscosity lava. The latter origin is the most common. Obsidian is usually black but can be other colors. Flow-banding may be present. Small, light-colored crystals may be commonly included in the glass - such rocks are called "vitrophyre". Sometimes, obsidian is encountered with whitish areas resembling snowflakes - "snowflake obsidian", which forms as the glass slowly devitrifies over geologic time.
The spearpoint seen here is a modern replica, produced by a skilled knapper named John Bohan. The obsidian itself comes from Oregon.
Ms. Daniela Galindo Bermúdez, CEO, Hablando con Julis (left), Ms. Ines Knäpper, Executive Director, THE Port Association (second from left), Dr. Helen Lee, Director of Research, University of Cambridge, President & CEO, Diagnostics for the Real World, Ltd. (second from right), Mr. Bruno LeFeuvre, Statistical Analyst, Economics and Statistics Division, World Intellectual Property Organization (right) participate in a panel discussion held on the sidelines of Assemblies of WIPO Member States, which met from October 2-11, 2017. Ms. Samar Shamoon, Head, News and Media Section, World Intellectual Property Organization (center) moderated the discussion.
During the discussion, WIPO stakeholders shared experiences, showcased good practices and exchanged ideas about how to best capitalize on women’s creativity and to foster IP ecosystems in which women and girls can flourish.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Flint is the state gemstone of Ohio. "Flint" is sometimes used as a lithologic term by modern geologists, but it is a synonym for chert. Flint and chert are the same - they are cryptocrystalline, quartzose sedimentary rocks. Rockhounds often assert that flint is high-quality while chert is low-quality. Some geologists assert that "flint" implies a biogenic origin and "chert" implies a chemical origin.
Many cherts do have a chemical origin - chert nodules are moderately common in some limestone units. The nodules form during diagenesis - pre-existing silica components in the carbonate sediments are dissolved, mobilized, and reprecipitated as chert masses. Some cherts do have a biogenic origin - for example, radiolarian cherts (rich in radiolarian microfossils) or spicular cherts (rich in siliceous sponge spicules).
The most famous flint deposit in Ohio is Flint Ridge, in Licking County. At this locality, the Middle Pennsylvanian-aged Vanport Flint is exposed in several places. The geologic literature on the Vanport Flint is relatively sparse, with inaccurate, incomplete descriptions and characterizations. For example, the literature describes the Vanport as a sheet of flint at Flint Ridge - it's actually a meganodule horizon. Other descriptions refer to the chert as the remains of siliceous sponges. In reality, siliceous sponge spicules are quite scarce in Vanport samples.
Two graduate student projects during the 2000s, conducted at two different universities, had very different conclusions & interpretations about the origin of the Vanport Flint. A 2003 study concluded that chert at Flint Ridge is biogenic in origin. A 2006 study concluded that the chert is chemical in origin.
Modern flint knappers value the Vanport Flint for being multicolored and high-quality (= very few impurities). With artificial heating, the flint is more easily knapped into arrowheads, spear points, and other objects. Prehistoric American Indians quarried the Vanport Flint at many specific sites on Flint Ridge. Old flint pits can be seen in Flint Ridge State Park. Many authentic artifacts found in Ohio (arrowheads & spearpoints - "projectile points") and elsewhere are composed of Vanport Flint.
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Info. from park signage:
FLINT RIDGE
For more than 10,000 years, Flint Ridge was one of the most important flint quarries in eastern North America. The flint formed at the bottom of a shallow ocean 300 million years ago. The softer rocks surrounding the flint have washed away, leaving the hard flint exposed near the surface. Prehistoric people came here to quarry the flint, which they crafted into a variety of stone tools. Hundreds of quarry pits and workshops are scattered for miles along this ridge. The beautiful rainbow-colored flint was especially prized by the Hopewell culture that built the nearby Newark Earthworks. Artifacts crafted from Flint Ridge flint may be found throughout eastern North America. In more recent times, local industries quarried the flint for use as grindstones.
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FLINT RIDGE
Flint Ridge is a chain of long, narrow hills extending from a few miles east of Newark almost to Zanesville, a distance of more than twenty miles. The surface of these hills is underlaid with an irregular layer of flint, which may be only a few inches or several feet in thickness and varies greatly in color and texture. In many places along this ridge, the soil has been eroded, revealing the underlying flint. You are standing at one of these outcroppings.
Flint is formed by a geologic process whereby the softer limestones and shales are replaced with much harder silica. Due to its high quartz content, flint polishes beautifully and exceptional pieces of jewelry can be made from it. The 106th General Assembly designated flint as Ohio's offical gem stone in 1965 because of its occurrence in several parts of Ohio, particularly Flint Ridge, and because of its importance as a semi-precious gem stone.
Flint is both hard and brittle and thus can be broken into pieces that have razor sharp edges. For this reason, Indians as long as 9000 years ago traveled to this ridge to secure the rock for making projectile points, knives, and scrapers. The area is now covered with hundreds of shallow pits from which flint has been quarries through the ages; several are visible along the trails. The prehistoric Indians broke off chunks of flint with stone mauls and pried them out of the pits with wooden poles. They broke the chunks into usable pieces with hammerstones and then proceeded to chip the flint for various purposes.
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FLINT RIDGE
The history of American Indians in Licking County goes back 14,000 years, and countless generations of native people spent full and varied lives in this area. Probably the best known are those whom archaeologists identify as the Hopewell, who left their imprint in the form of monumental earthworks, including the Newark Earthworks located just 11 miles from here.
Flint - specifically, Vanport or Flint Ridge flint - contributed significantly to this rich human history. As you stand here today at Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries & Nature Preserve, you're standing a few feet above a layer of flint 10-12 feet thick that stretches for 8 miles from east to west and for 3 miles from north to south. This flint deposit is so large that it actually shapes the landscape of Flint Ridge. First, it influences how and where trees grown and fall. Second, 14,000 years' worth of quarrying by the people who originally lived here changed the area's ecology.
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THIS QUARTER-MILE TRAIL SHARES THE STORY OF FLINT RIDGE
FLINT: "OHIO'S GEMSTONES", BUT WHY?
Vanport flint formed at the bottom of an ocean millions of years ago, and its unique properties made it a valuable source of material for crafting tools for ancient American Indians and early European settlers. Today, Vanport flint, with its rich and varied colors, is prized as Ohio's state gemstone.
TECHNOLOGY: MINING AND CRAFTING FLINT
The quarries and workshops at Flint Ridge are the traces of Ohio's first industry. The flint was dug from the ground and shaped into many kinds of tools.
THE PEOPLE OF THE RIDGE
Studying flint tools found in this area - how they were made and how they were used - provides insight into the American Indian people who lived in central Ohio prior to European contact.
NATURAL HISTORY: FOR EVERYTHING THERE IS A SEASON
The ancient flint quarries have becom vernal pools (temporary wetlands) that are now home to a variety of plants and animals. In addition, the presence of the flint layer just a few feet underneath the soil greatly influences the ways that trees in the area grow.
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OHIO'S GEMSTONE
VANPORT FLINT
The flint deposits at Flint Ridge are found in rocks of the geologic era known as the Pennsylvanian Period (299-320 million years ago). These deposits are the largest and purest occurrence of flint in the state. Technically called "Vanport Flint", Flint Ridge flint occurs in layers from 10 to 12 feet thick at this site. Vanport flint is particularly notable for its array of colors. Flint ranges in color from white to black, but is usually light gray to milky white and often mottled with patches and streaks. Other colors, however, such as bright red, yellow, green, and blue make Vanport flint unique. It can be so colorful that it's commonly referred to as Ohio's "rainbow" flint. The unusual beauty and historical importance of Flint Ridge flint earned it the title of Ohio's official gemstone in 1965.
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WHAT IS FLINT?
Flint is a sedimentary rock - it formed from sediment, material that settled millions of years ago to the bottom of the seas that covered what is now Ohio. Flint is a type of the common mineral quartz. It's one of the "microcrystalline" forms of quartz, meaning that its crystals are so small they can't be seen without magnification. The crystals are also tightly locked together, which gives flint its even consistency and hardness. These and other properties of flint make it an ideal material for creating sharp, durable tools.
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PEOPLE AT FLINT RIDGE THROUGH TIME
During the Middle Woodland Period (2,000 to 1,500 years ago), Ohio's American Indian culture began to quarry Flint Ridge flint on a more industrial scale. They still used the flint to make the tools needed for the tasks of daily living, but now they began to create specialty items, such as bladelet cores and teardrop-shaped knives. These were signature artifacts of the Hopewell culture (1-450 A.D.), and Hopewell people used these beautiful objects, as burial offerings, ceremonial gifts, and trade items for distribution from special places such as the Newark Earthworks.
After the decline of the Hopwell culture, later residents focused on using tool materials closer to their homes, and the use of Flint Ridge flint fell sharply. When Europeans introduced their trade goods to American Indians in the 1700s, Flint Ridge was all but abandoned. For a brief period in the 1800s to the 1920s, however, European Americans quarried Flint Ridge flint to make millstones and sandpaper.
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PEOPLE AND TECHNOLOGY
MINING AND CRAFTING FLINT
At Flint Ridge, ancient American Indians quarried the flint from pits they laboriously dug by hand into the bedrock. Many of these pits are still visible along the park trails. Once the flint was exposed, it was struck with hammer stones to break it into large chunks, which where then pried out of the surrounding rock with wooden poles.
Favorable pieces of flint were carried off to be knapped - expertly chipped and worked into tools. When flint is struck, it breaks into chunks withe edges as sharp as glass, and a skilled flint worker, or "knapper", can shape raw flint into precisely formed tools such as spear points, knives, scrapers, and drills. Ancient flint workers sometims used fire to heat the flint, which made it easier to knap. Heating flint also made its colors more vibrant.
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PEOPLE AT FLINT RIDGE THROUGH TIME
From the Paleoindian Period of North American history, which began around 14,000 years ago, through the Early Woodland Period, which ended about 2,000 years ago, ancient American Indians came to Flint Rigde when they needed flint to make new tools to replace those that were worn or broken. These early Americans probably came to the quarries at the same time each year, and their gatherings were not only an opportunity to obtain the needed flint, but also to meet friends and relatives they hadn't seen for many months.
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FOR EVERYTHING THERE IS A SEASON
The extensive flint deposits at Flint Ridge and the quarrying by early residents influenced the local ecosystem, including how nonhuman inhabitants thrive here and how trees grow in the area. Mining activities at Flint Ridge ceased hundreds of years ago, but the flint pits dug by ancient Americans remained.
The ancient flint quarries have become vernal pools (temporary wetlands) that are now home to a variety of plants and animals. The flint layer just a few feet beneath the soil hinders drainage, which influences the species of trees living here.
At Flint Ridge, the vernal pools are critical breeding grounds for 10 species of salamander. Several native species are unusual for the area, including the four-toed salamander, which is a "Species of Concern" in Ohio. Thriving and diverse native amphibian populations, such as those found at Flint Ridge, indicate that an ecosystem is healthy.
In addition to numerous animals, this seasonal forested wetland supports several kinds of trees. American beech trees prefer wet areas, and you can see a number of them neaby. Look for their smooth, gray "elephant leg" tunks and cigar-shaped buds. Other species that thrive in this ecosystem include oak, maple, hickory, sycamore, dogwood, redbud, hop hornbeam, cherry, elm, and sweetgum.
The trees' lives may be shortened because the flint underneath the soil blocks downward root growth, making the trees less stable.
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Stratigraphy: Vanport Flint, Allegheny Group, upper Middle Pennsylvanian
Locality: prehistoric flint pit, Flint Ridge State Park ("Flint Ridge State Memorial"; "Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries & Nature Preserve"), southeastern side of the Flint Ridge Road-Brownsville Road intersection, southeastern Licking County, east-central Ohio, USA (vicinity of 39° 59' 15.01" North latitude, 82° 15’ 44.39" West longitude)
Flint-knapped point. (~8.45 centimeters tall)
Knapper: Chris Miller
Flint is the "official" state gemstone of Ohio (actually, there's no such thing as "official" anything). "Flint" is sometimes used as a lithologic term by modern geologists, but it is a synonym for chert. Flint and chert are the same - they are cryptocrystalline, quartzose sedimentary rocks. Rockhounds often assert that flint is high-quality while chert is low-quality. Some geologists assert that "flint" implies a biogenic origin and "chert" implies a chemical origin.
Many cherts do have a chemical origin - chert nodules are moderately common in some limestone units. The nodules form during diagenesis - pre-existing silica components in the carbonate sediments are dissolved, mobilized, and reprecipitated as chert masses. Some cherts do have a biogenic origin - for example, radiolarian cherts (rich in radiolarian microfossils) or spicular cherts (rich in siliceous sponge spicules).
The most famous flint deposit in Ohio is Flint Ridge, in Licking County. At this locality, the Middle Pennsylvanian-aged Vanport Flint is exposed in several places. The geologic literature on the Vanport Flint is relatively sparse, with inaccurate, incomplete descriptions and characterizations. For example, the literature describes the Vanport as a sheet of flint at Flint Ridge - it's actually a meganodule horizon. Other descriptions refer to the chert as the remains of siliceous sponges. In reality, siliceous sponge spicules are quite scarce in Vanport samples.
Two graduate student projects during the 2000s, conducted at two different universities, had very different conclusions & interpretations about the origin of the Vanport Flint. A 2003 study concluded that chert at Flint Ridge is biogenic in origin. A 2006 study concluded that the chert is chemical in origin.
Modern flint knappers value the Vanport Flint for being multicolored and high-quality (= very few impurities). With artificial heating, the flint is more easily knapped into arrowheads, spear points, and other objects. Prehistoric American Indians quarried the Vanport Flint at many specific sites on Flint Ridge. Old Indian flint pits can be examined along hiking trails in Flint Ridge State Park. Many authentic Indian artifacts found in Ohio (arrowheads & spearpoints - "projectile points") are composed of Vanport Flint.
Stratigraphy: Vanport Flint, Allegheny Group, upper Middle Pennsylvanian
Locality: Nethers Flint Quarries - flint pit in the woods on the southwestern side of Flint Ridge Road, eastern Flint Ridge, far-western Muskingum County, east-central Ohio, USA (vicinity of 40° 00.137’ North latitude, 82° 11.544’ West longitude)
Knaphill 3-1 Worcester Park (Pre Season) For USE,PURCHASE,or any ENQUIRIES of these pictures please contact me at either daneickephotography@hotmail.co.uk or drop me a tweet @Ph0toDan (All photos shot with CANNON 70D)
Canterbury 1-3 Knaphill - FA VASE 3rd Round - For USE, PURCHASE or any ENQUIRIES of these pictures, please CONTACT me at daneickephotography@hotmail.co.uk or go onto my website www.danieleickephotogaphy.co.uk for more details.
130201-N-DU438-026 EAST CHINA SEA (Feb. 1, 2013) – Air Traffic Controller 2nd Class Josh McClellan monitors approach control from the ship’s amphibious air-traffic control center aboard the only forward-deployed amphibious assault ship USS Bonhomme Richard (LHD 6). The Bonhomme Richard Amphibious Ready Group, currently on deployment in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of operations, will take part in amphibious integration training (ATI), certification exercise (CERTEX) and participate in the annual multi-national combined joint training exercise Cobra Gold. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Betsy Knapper/Released)
PACIFIC OCEAN (March 9, 2013) - Aviation Boatswains Mate 3rd Class Cesar Salinas launches an AV-8B Harrier jet aircraft, assigned to the "Nightmares" of Marine Attack Squadron (VMA) 513, from the flight deck aboard the forward-deployed amphibious assault ship USS Bonhomme Richard (LHD 6), March 9, 2013. The Bonhomme Richard Amphibious Ready Group, currently on deployment in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of operations, is conducting amphibious integration training (AIT) and is scheduled to participate in certification exercise (CERTEX) upon completion of AIT. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Betsy Knapper)
130314-N-DU438-115 EAST CHINA SEA (March 14, 2013)— Cmdr. Roseanna Chandler, anesthesiologist, talks to a patient prior to starting sedation in the ship’s medical ward aboard the forward-deployed amphibious assault ship USS Bonhomme Richard (LHD 6). The Bonhomme Richard Amphibious Ready Group, currently on deployment in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of operations, is conducting certification exercise (CERTEX). (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Betsy Knapper/Released)
130209-N-DU438-021 GULF OF THAILAND (Feb. 9, 2013) – Damage Controlman Fireman Benjamin Tyler Coate, originally from Trenton, Ohio, paints red stripes on an aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) concentrate pipe aboard the forward-deployed amphibious assault ship USS Bonhomme Richard (LHD 6). The Bonhomme Richard Amphibious Ready Group, currently on deployment in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of operations, will take part in amphibious integration training (AIT), certification exercise (CERTEX) and participate in the annual multi-national combined joint training exercise Cobra Gold. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Betsy Knapper/Released)
Knapper: Jason Green
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This point is composed of dendritic opal, which is hydrous silica (SiO2·nH2O). Technically, opal is not a mineral because it lacks a crystalline structure. Opal is supposed to be called a mineraloid. Opal is made up of extremely tiny spheres (colloids) that can be seen with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Gem-quality opal, or precious opal, has a wonderful rainbow play of colors (opalescence). This play of color is the result of light being diffracted by planes of voids between large areas of regularly packed, same-sized opal colloids. Different opalescent colors are produced by colloids of differing sizes. If individual colloids are larger than 140 x 10-6 millimeters in size, purple & blue & green colors are produced. Once colloids get as large as about 240 x 10-6 millimeters, red color is seen (Carr et al., 1979).
Not all opals have the famous play of colors, however. Common opal has a wax-like luster & is often milky whitish with no visible color play at all. Opal is moderately hard (H = 5 to 6), has a white streak, and has conchoidal fracture.
Several groups of organisms make skeletons of opaline silica, for example hexactinellid sponges, diatoms, radiolarians, silicoflagellates, and ebridians. Some organisms incorporate opal into their tissues, for example horsetails/scouring rushes and sawgrass. Sometimes, fossils are preserved in opal or precious opal.
"Dendritic opal" is a rockhound / collectors term for common opal that has dark-colored, complexly branching "inclusions". Many of these are likely manganese oxide, which frequently forms "manganese dendrites" along bedding planes and joint surfaces in many rocks.
Locality: unrecorded / undisclosed attributed to Australia
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Photo gallery of opal:
www.mindat.org/gallery.php?min=3004
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Reference cited:
Carr et al. (1979) - Andamooka opal fields: the geology of the precious stones field and the results of the subsidised mining program. Geological Survey of South Australia Department of Mines and Energy Report of Investigations 51. 68 pp.
Hotel Maritim
A first class hotel situated in the centre of Cologne by the banks of the River Rhine and near to the old town, the cathedral and the main station. The Maritim?s 100 metres long glass roofed hall houses a variety of exclusive boutiques and restaurants. The elegant café and bar on the top floor offers all around panoramic views over Cologne and the Rhine.
Select World Travel were delighted when Lawrence Peachey from DERTOUR invited a member of our staff for a short excursion to Cologne to celebrate the Cologne Carnival. We have sent our Consultant Mr Paul Knapper to discover the dlights of this wonderful German City and will be presenting some Photographs and Video on Pauls return on Wednesday. Today is Rose Monday and one of the Maddest Days in Colognes yearly calendar.
Carnival has been celebrated in the City of Cologne since time immemorial. However, after the French Revolutionary troops left Cologne in 1814 and the Prussians took over, it was high time to "organise" the street carnival which, the new authority felt, was getting out of hand.
Thus, in 1823 the "Festordnendes Komitee" was founded, the predecessor of todays Festive Committee.
On February 10, 1823 Cologne celebrated the first Rose Monday ("Rosenmontag") with the motto "Inthronisation of the Carnival Hero".
Over the years, decades and centuries certain traditions and customs emerged, which are still the hallmark of the traditional Cologne Carnival: the indoor festivities (sessions and balls) and, of course, the street carnival, culminating in the grand parade on Rose Monday. It is the task of the Festive Committee, the umbrella organisation representing well over 100 Cologne carnival associations, traditional corps, etc., to coordinate, set common standards, and preserve the tradition of the "fifth season".
No doubt, the Cologne "Karneval" plays in the Champions League together with the Carnaval in Rio de Janeiro and Carnival in Venice!
The Carnival Season
Given its Christian roots, the date of Rose Monday is determined by the Church calendar: It takes place on the Monday before Ash Wednesday, which in turn marks the beginning of Lent leading up to Good Friday and Easter. Traditionally, the fifth season is declared open at 11 minutes past eleven on the eleventh of November! The Carnival spirit is then temporarily suspended by the Advent and Christmas period, and picks up again "in earnest" in the New Year. Street carnival, also called "the crazy days", takes places between Thursday (Women’s Carnival Day) before Rose Monday and ends on Ash Wednesday. In 2007 the dates are as follows:
Women's Carnival Day, Thursday, 15 February 2007
Official opening of the street carnival at 11:11 hrs at the Alter Markt in the heart of the old town of Cologne.
Carnival Saturday, 17 February 2007
Traditional "Funkenbiwak", the gathering of the colourful Corps troops at the Neumarkt.
Carnival Sunday, 18 February 2007
School group parade through the city centre starting at 11:00 hrs.
Rose Monday, 19 February 2007
The climax of street carnival, with the official parade starting before 11:00 hrs, organised by the
Festive Committee of the Cologne Carnival.
Carnival Tuesday, 20 February 2007
Various Carnival parades in the suburbs of Cologne.
Ash Wednesday, 21 February 2007
Traditionally, fish dinners are served at pubs and restaurants.
The Parade on Rose Monday
No doubt, the highlight of the street carnival is Rose Monday with over 10.000 participants, one-third of them female, 440 horses , 97 floats and 123 bands in 2006.
The 2007 motto: "Cologne is all of us!". Don't miss it!
A Video of the Carnival can be seen on our Blog site at www.selectworld.travel
Knapper: Jason Green
-------------------------------------
This point is composed of Danish flint from the Lolland area.
Hotel Maritim
A first class hotel situated in the centre of Cologne by the banks of the River Rhine and near to the old town, the cathedral and the main station. The Maritim?s 100 metres long glass roofed hall houses a variety of exclusive boutiques and restaurants. The elegant café and bar on the top floor offers all around panoramic views over Cologne and the Rhine.
Select World Travel were delighted when Lawrence Peachey from DERTOUR invited a member of our staff for a short excursion to Cologne to celebrate the Cologne Carnival. We have sent our Consultant Mr Paul Knapper to discover the dlights of this wonderful German City and will be presenting some Photographs and Video on Pauls return on Wednesday. Today is Rose Monday and one of the Maddest Days in Colognes yearly calendar.
Carnival has been celebrated in the City of Cologne since time immemorial. However, after the French Revolutionary troops left Cologne in 1814 and the Prussians took over, it was high time to "organise" the street carnival which, the new authority felt, was getting out of hand.
Thus, in 1823 the "Festordnendes Komitee" was founded, the predecessor of todays Festive Committee.
On February 10, 1823 Cologne celebrated the first Rose Monday ("Rosenmontag") with the motto "Inthronisation of the Carnival Hero".
Over the years, decades and centuries certain traditions and customs emerged, which are still the hallmark of the traditional Cologne Carnival: the indoor festivities (sessions and balls) and, of course, the street carnival, culminating in the grand parade on Rose Monday. It is the task of the Festive Committee, the umbrella organisation representing well over 100 Cologne carnival associations, traditional corps, etc., to coordinate, set common standards, and preserve the tradition of the "fifth season".
No doubt, the Cologne "Karneval" plays in the Champions League together with the Carnaval in Rio de Janeiro and Carnival in Venice!
The Carnival Season
Given its Christian roots, the date of Rose Monday is determined by the Church calendar: It takes place on the Monday before Ash Wednesday, which in turn marks the beginning of Lent leading up to Good Friday and Easter. Traditionally, the fifth season is declared open at 11 minutes past eleven on the eleventh of November! The Carnival spirit is then temporarily suspended by the Advent and Christmas period, and picks up again "in earnest" in the New Year. Street carnival, also called "the crazy days", takes places between Thursday (Women’s Carnival Day) before Rose Monday and ends on Ash Wednesday. In 2007 the dates are as follows:
Women's Carnival Day, Thursday, 15 February 2007
Official opening of the street carnival at 11:11 hrs at the Alter Markt in the heart of the old town of Cologne.
Carnival Saturday, 17 February 2007
Traditional "Funkenbiwak", the gathering of the colourful Corps troops at the Neumarkt.
Carnival Sunday, 18 February 2007
School group parade through the city centre starting at 11:00 hrs.
Rose Monday, 19 February 2007
The climax of street carnival, with the official parade starting before 11:00 hrs, organised by the
Festive Committee of the Cologne Carnival.
Carnival Tuesday, 20 February 2007
Various Carnival parades in the suburbs of Cologne.
Ash Wednesday, 21 February 2007
Traditionally, fish dinners are served at pubs and restaurants.
The Parade on Rose Monday
No doubt, the highlight of the street carnival is Rose Monday with over 10.000 participants, one-third of them female, 440 horses , 97 floats and 123 bands in 2006.
The 2007 motto: "Cologne is all of us!". Don't miss it!
A Video of the Carnival can be seen on our Blog site at www.selectworld.travel
FA VASE 4th ROUND - Kiddlington 3-2 Knaphill - For USE, PURCHASE or any ENQUIRES about these pictures, please CONTACT me at daneickephotography@hotmail.co.uk.
Remember the "FA VASE PICTURE DEAL" is still on and all photos are buy 1 get 1 free and full album is only £15
£1 (buy 1 get 1 free)
My photo is unfortunately out of focus but I still like the image. The sculpture is apparently inspired by the reaction of a frightened child who pulls a funny face to ward off the fear. The energy in the figure is remarkable. My rushed blurred capture is almost fitting to the message!
From www.bohman-knapper.com/artists/lena-cronqvist/biography:
"Biography
Lena Cronqvist
Born in Karlstad, Sweden 1938. Lives and works in Stockholm and Koster, Sweden
After a career spanning over more than 30 years Lena Cronqvist has established herself as one of Sweden’s most celebrated artists. She is primarily known as a painter, but during the 1990s sculpture has increasingly become an important part of her oeuvre. Cronqvist’s art deals with existential themes; her psychologically-charged images are concerned with the life dramas that can be played out within the family. Recurring themes are death, love, loneliness, motherhood, childhood and the vulnerable relationship between lovers and between children and adults. Using herself and members of her immediate family as models and actors in her work, she draws inspiration from her own childhood and experiences, however, her art is not only private and personal, it is above all universal."
Select World Travel were delighted when Lawrence Peachey from DERTOUR invited a member of our staff for a short excursion to Cologne to celebrate the Cologne Carnival. We have sent our Consultant Mr Paul Knapper to discover the dlights of this wonderful German City and will be presenting some Photographs and Video on Pauls return on Wednesday. Today is Rose Monday and one of the Maddest Days in Colognes yearly calendar.
Carnival has been celebrated in the City of Cologne since time immemorial. However, after the French Revolutionary troops left Cologne in 1814 and the Prussians took over, it was high time to "organise" the street carnival which, the new authority felt, was getting out of hand.
Thus, in 1823 the "Festordnendes Komitee" was founded, the predecessor of todays Festive Committee.
On February 10, 1823 Cologne celebrated the first Rose Monday ("Rosenmontag") with the motto "Inthronisation of the Carnival Hero".
Over the years, decades and centuries certain traditions and customs emerged, which are still the hallmark of the traditional Cologne Carnival: the indoor festivities (sessions and balls) and, of course, the street carnival, culminating in the grand parade on Rose Monday. It is the task of the Festive Committee, the umbrella organisation representing well over 100 Cologne carnival associations, traditional corps, etc., to coordinate, set common standards, and preserve the tradition of the "fifth season".
No doubt, the Cologne "Karneval" plays in the Champions League together with the Carnaval in Rio de Janeiro and Carnival in Venice!
The Carnival Season
Given its Christian roots, the date of Rose Monday is determined by the Church calendar: It takes place on the Monday before Ash Wednesday, which in turn marks the beginning of Lent leading up to Good Friday and Easter. Traditionally, the fifth season is declared open at 11 minutes past eleven on the eleventh of November! The Carnival spirit is then temporarily suspended by the Advent and Christmas period, and picks up again "in earnest" in the New Year. Street carnival, also called "the crazy days", takes places between Thursday (Women’s Carnival Day) before Rose Monday and ends on Ash Wednesday. In 2007 the dates are as follows:
Women's Carnival Day, Thursday, 15 February 2007
Official opening of the street carnival at 11:11 hrs at the Alter Markt in the heart of the old town of Cologne.
Carnival Saturday, 17 February 2007
Traditional "Funkenbiwak", the gathering of the colourful Corps troops at the Neumarkt.
Carnival Sunday, 18 February 2007
School group parade through the city centre starting at 11:00 hrs.
Rose Monday, 19 February 2007
The climax of street carnival, with the official parade starting before 11:00 hrs, organised by the
Festive Committee of the Cologne Carnival.
Carnival Tuesday, 20 February 2007
Various Carnival parades in the suburbs of Cologne.
Ash Wednesday, 21 February 2007
Traditionally, fish dinners are served at pubs and restaurants.
The Parade on Rose Monday
No doubt, the highlight of the street carnival is Rose Monday with over 10.000 participants, one-third of them female, 440 horses , 97 floats and 123 bands in 2006.
The 2007 motto: "Cologne is all of us!". Don't miss it!
A Video of the Carnival can be seen on our Blog site at www.selectworld.travel