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The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
Nov.3, 2018: Evening view of Luxor Temple lit up.
Luxor Temple is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the Nile River in the city today known as Luxor and was constructed approximately 1400 BCE. In the Egyptian language it is known as ipet resyt, "the southern sanctuary".
Constructed over hundreds of years by Amenhotep III, Ramses II, Tutankhamun, and other pharaohs, Luxor Temple was the largest and most significant religious center in ancient Egypt. In what was then Thebes, Luxor Temple was “the place of the First Occasion,” where the god Amon experienced rebirth during the pharaoh’s annually reenacted coronation ceremony. Today, remains of this vast complex include the colossal Great Colonnade Hall, almost 61 meters long, with 28 twenty-one-foot-high columns, its decoration largely undertaken by Tutankhamun around 1330 B.C. Many of the temple’s sidewalls were torn down after the time of the pharaohs and recycled for building materials.
Life-size Queen Nefertari statue recovered. Before excavation in the 1960s, the temple’s sandstone fragments were in direct contact with salt-laden groundwater that leached into the stone. After excavation, exposure to changes in humidity mobilized these salts and accelerated deterioration. Between 2001 and 2007, World Monuments Fund directed a grant from the Robert W. Wilson Challenge to Conserve Our Heritage to the conservation of Luxor Temple. Over 1,000 deteriorating blocks and inscribed wall fragments underwent consolidation and treatment, which arrested their decay and allowed for early stages of reconstruction. An outer section of the eastern wall of the Colonnade Hall was stabilized with a brick buttress concealed with sandstone slabs in order to blend into the original stone of the temple. Another major group of 48 fragments, which completes the depiction of the divine barge and towboats of the hawk-headed moon-god Khonsu, was inserted into the base of that buttress where it joins the wall. A life-size statue of Ramesses II’s chief wife Queen Nefertari, intact to the knees, was recovered, cleaned, and protected. Missing portions of her legs were located, carefully returned to the statue, and also protected.
The thousands of sandstone fragments retrieved from the vicinity of Luxor temple contain carved and painted details of hieroglyphic texts and temple ritual scenes; once identified, documented, and consolidated, many have been joined and reassembled into whole wall scenes, as part of the Wilson Challenge Ancient Thebes Initiative. Also funded by this challenge initiative were the portico added to the Karnak Temple by Thutmosis III in 1400 B.C. and the Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III in the Theban Necropolis.
Luxor Temple is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the River Nile in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was founded in 1400 B.C.E.
Known in the Egyptian language as ipet resyt, or "the southern sanctuary", the temple was dedicated to the Theban Triad of Amun, Mut, and Chons and was built during the New Kingdom, the focus of the annual Opet Festival, in which a cult statue of Amun was paraded down the Nile from nearby Karnak Temple (ipet-isut) to stay there for a while, with his consort Mut, in a celebration of fertility – whence its name.
The earliest parts of the temple still standing are the barque chapels, just behind the first pylon. They were built by Hatshepsut, and appropriated by Tuthmosis III. The main part of the temple - the colonnade and the sun court were built by Amenhotep III, and a later addition by Rameses II, who built the entrance pylon, and the two obelisks (one of which was taken to France, and is now at the centre of the Place de la Concorde) linked the Hatshepsut buildings with the main temple.
source: wikipedia
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
Nov.3, 2018: Evening view of Luxor Temple lit up.
Luxor Temple is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the Nile River in the city today known as Luxor and was constructed approximately 1400 BCE. In the Egyptian language it is known as ipet resyt, "the southern sanctuary".
Constructed over hundreds of years by Amenhotep III, Ramses II, Tutankhamun, and other pharaohs, Luxor Temple was the largest and most significant religious center in ancient Egypt. In what was then Thebes, Luxor Temple was “the place of the First Occasion,” where the god Amon experienced rebirth during the pharaoh’s annually reenacted coronation ceremony. Today, remains of this vast complex include the colossal Great Colonnade Hall, almost 61 meters long, with 28 twenty-one-foot-high columns, its decoration largely undertaken by Tutankhamun around 1330 B.C. Many of the temple’s sidewalls were torn down after the time of the pharaohs and recycled for building materials.
Life-size Queen Nefertari statue recovered. Before excavation in the 1960s, the temple’s sandstone fragments were in direct contact with salt-laden groundwater that leached into the stone. After excavation, exposure to changes in humidity mobilized these salts and accelerated deterioration. Between 2001 and 2007, World Monuments Fund directed a grant from the Robert W. Wilson Challenge to Conserve Our Heritage to the conservation of Luxor Temple. Over 1,000 deteriorating blocks and inscribed wall fragments underwent consolidation and treatment, which arrested their decay and allowed for early stages of reconstruction. An outer section of the eastern wall of the Colonnade Hall was stabilized with a brick buttress concealed with sandstone slabs in order to blend into the original stone of the temple. Another major group of 48 fragments, which completes the depiction of the divine barge and towboats of the hawk-headed moon-god Khonsu, was inserted into the base of that buttress where it joins the wall. A life-size statue of Ramesses II’s chief wife Queen Nefertari, intact to the knees, was recovered, cleaned, and protected. Missing portions of her legs were located, carefully returned to the statue, and also protected.
The thousands of sandstone fragments retrieved from the vicinity of Luxor temple contain carved and painted details of hieroglyphic texts and temple ritual scenes; once identified, documented, and consolidated, many have been joined and reassembled into whole wall scenes, as part of the Wilson Challenge Ancient Thebes Initiative. Also funded by this challenge initiative were the portico added to the Karnak Temple by Thutmosis III in 1400 B.C. and the Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III in the Theban Necropolis.
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
Attribution Creative Commons
The ram-headed sphinx is a symbol of the god Amun
The sphinxes were built by Ramesses II. His statue stands between the paws of each sphinx.
The Karnak temple complex, universally known only as Karnak, describes a vast conglomeration of ruined temples, chapels, pylons and other buildings. It is located near Luxor in Egypt. This was ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places"), the main place of worship of the Theban Triad with Amun as its head, in the monumental city of Thebes. The complex retrieves its current name from the nearby and partly surrounding modern village of el-Karnak, some 2.5km north of Luxor.
The 134 columns of the Great Hypostyle Hall are of two heights. Most of the columns represent a papyrus flower with a closed bud at a height of about 69 ft. The central aisle has columns representing an open papyrus flower with a circumference of 33 ft. and a height of about 80 ft. The central colonnade is thus about 11 ft higher than the rest of the columns. (It should be noted that sources differ on these dimensions.)
The temple of Luxor is situated on the east bank of the #RiverNile in the town of Luxor ( #Thebes ).
The temple was known as “ipet resyt” (“the southern harem”) and it was founded during the New Kingdom, around 1400 BC.
The temple is dedicated to Amun, Mut, and Khonsu and was the focus of one of the most important religious festivals in ancient Egypt – the annual Opet Festival.
The temple was built by #AmenhotepIII (1390-52 BC) but completed by #Tutankhamun ( #KingTut ) (1336-27 BC) and #Horemheb (1323-1295 BC) and then added to by #RamesesII (1279-13 BC).
Unlike the other temples in Thebes, Luxor temple is NOT dedicated to a cult god or a deified version of the pharaoh in death.
Instead,
Luxor temple is dedicated to the rejuvenation of kingship; it may have been where many of the pharaohs of Egypt were crowned in reality or conceptually (as in the case of Alexander the Great, who was crowned at Luxor. )
Toward the rear is a granite shrine dedicated to #AlexandertheGreat (332-305 BC).
Source: Wikipedia
The temple of Luxor is situated on the east bank of the #RiverNile in the town of Luxor ( #Thebes ).
The temple was known as “ipet resyt” (“the southern harem”) and it was founded during the New Kingdom, around 1400 BC.
The temple is dedicated to Amun, Mut, and Khonsu and was the focus of one of the most important religious festivals in ancient Egypt – the annual Opet Festival.
The temple was built by #AmenhotepIII (1390-52 BC) but completed by #Tutankhamun ( #KingTut ) (1336-27 BC) and #Horemheb (1323-1295 BC) and then added to by #RamesesII (1279-13 BC).
Unlike the other temples in Thebes, Luxor temple is NOT dedicated to a cult god or a deified version of the pharaoh in death.
Instead,
Luxor temple is dedicated to the rejuvenation of kingship; it may have been where many of the pharaohs of Egypt were crowned in reality or conceptually (as in the case of Alexander the Great, who was crowned at Luxor. )
Toward the rear is a granite shrine dedicated to #AlexandertheGreat (332-305 BC).
Source: Wikipedia
Nov.4, 2018: The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak, comprises a vast mix of temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings near Luxor, in Egypt.
A cult temple dedicated to Amun, Mut and Khonsu. The largest religious building complex ever constructed. The temple of Karnak was known as Ipet-isu—or “most select of places”—by the ancient Egyptians. It is a city of temples built over 2,000 years and dedicated to the Theban triad of Amun, Mut, and Khonsu. This derelict place is still capable of overshadowing many wonders of the modern world and in its day must have been awe-inspiring.
For the largely uneducated ancient Egyptian population, this could only have been the place of the gods. It is the largest religious building ever made, covering about 200 acres (1.5 km by 0.8 km), and was a place of pilgrimage for nearly 2,000 years. The area of the sacred enclosure of Amun alone is sixty-one acres and could hold ten average European cathedrals. The great temple at the heart of Karnak is so big that St Peter’s, Milan, and Notre Dame Cathedrals would fit within its walls.
The Hypostyle hall, at 54,000 square feet (16,459 meters) and featuring 134 columns, is still the largest room of any religious building in the world. In addition to the main sanctuary there are several smaller temples and a vast sacred lake – 423 feet by 252 feet (129 by 77 meters). The sacred barges of the Theban Triad once floated on the lake during the annual Opet festival. The lake was surrounded by storerooms and living quarters for the priests, along with an aviary for aquatic birds.
Second Pylon entrance intro the hypostyle hall. in the fore ground is the remaining column of the Kiosk of Tahraqa
Second Pylon entrance intro the hypostyle hall. in the fore ground is the remaining column of the Kiosk of Tahraqa
The Egyptians believed that towards the end of annual agricultural cycle the gods and the earth became exhausted and required a fresh input of energy from the chaotic energy of the cosmos.
To accomplish this magical regeneration the Opet festival was held yearly at Karnak and Luxor. It lasted for twenty-seven days and was also a celebration of the link between pharaoh and the god Amun. The procession began at Karnak and ended at Luxor Temple, one and a half miles (2.4 kilometres) to the south.
The statue of the god Amun was bathed with holy water, dressed in fine linen, and adorned in gold and silver jewellery. The priests then placed the god in a shrine and onto the ceremonial barque supported by poles for carrying. Pharaoh emerged from the temple, his priests carrying the barque on their shoulders, and together they moved into the crowded streets. A troop of Nubian soldiers serving as guards beat their drums, and musicians accompanied the priests in song as incense filled the air.
At Luxor, Pharaoh and his priests entered the temple and ceremonies were performed to regenerate Amun, recreate the cosmos and transfer Amun’s power to Pharaoh. When he finally emerged from the temple sanctuary, the vast crowds cheered him and celebrated the guaranteed fertility of the earth and the expectation of abundant harvests.
During the festival the people were given over 11000 loaves of bread and more than 385 jars of beer, and some were allowed into the temple to ask questions of the god. The priests spoke the answers through a concealed window high up in the wall, or from inside hollow statues.
The temple of Luxor is situated on the east bank of the #RiverNile in the town of Luxor ( #Thebes ).
The temple was known as “ipet resyt” (“the southern harem”) and it was founded during the New Kingdom, around 1400 BC.
The temple is dedicated to Amun, Mut, and Khonsu and was the focus of one of the most important religious festivals in ancient Egypt – the annual Opet Festival.
The temple was built by #AmenhotepIII (1390-52 BC) but completed by #Tutankhamun ( #KingTut ) (1336-27 BC) and #Horemheb (1323-1295 BC) and then added to by #RamesesII (1279-13 BC).
Unlike the other temples in Thebes, Luxor temple is NOT dedicated to a cult god or a deified version of the pharaoh in death.
Instead, Luxor temple is dedicated to the rejuvenation of kingship; it may have been where many of the pharaohs of Egypt were crowned in reality or conceptually (as in the case of Alexander the Great, who was crowned at Luxor. )
Toward the rear is a granite shrine dedicated to #AlexandertheGreat (332-305 BC).
Source: Wikipedia
Nov.4, 2018: The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak, comprises a vast mix of temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings near Luxor, in Egypt.
A cult temple dedicated to Amun, Mut and Khonsu. The largest religious building complex ever constructed. The temple of Karnak was known as Ipet-isu—or “most select of places”—by the ancient Egyptians. It is a city of temples built over 2,000 years and dedicated to the Theban triad of Amun, Mut, and Khonsu. This derelict place is still capable of overshadowing many wonders of the modern world and in its day must have been awe-inspiring.
For the largely uneducated ancient Egyptian population, this could only have been the place of the gods. It is the largest religious building ever made, covering about 200 acres (1.5 km by 0.8 km), and was a place of pilgrimage for nearly 2,000 years. The area of the sacred enclosure of Amun alone is sixty-one acres and could hold ten average European cathedrals. The great temple at the heart of Karnak is so big that St Peter’s, Milan, and Notre Dame Cathedrals would fit within its walls.
The Hypostyle hall, at 54,000 square feet (16,459 meters) and featuring 134 columns, is still the largest room of any religious building in the world. In addition to the main sanctuary there are several smaller temples and a vast sacred lake – 423 feet by 252 feet (129 by 77 meters). The sacred barges of the Theban Triad once floated on the lake during the annual Opet festival. The lake was surrounded by storerooms and living quarters for the priests, along with an aviary for aquatic birds.
Second Pylon entrance intro the hypostyle hall. in the fore ground is the remaining column of the Kiosk of Tahraqa
Second Pylon entrance intro the hypostyle hall. in the fore ground is the remaining column of the Kiosk of Tahraqa
The Egyptians believed that towards the end of annual agricultural cycle the gods and the earth became exhausted and required a fresh input of energy from the chaotic energy of the cosmos.
To accomplish this magical regeneration the Opet festival was held yearly at Karnak and Luxor. It lasted for twenty-seven days and was also a celebration of the link between pharaoh and the god Amun. The procession began at Karnak and ended at Luxor Temple, one and a half miles (2.4 kilometres) to the south.
The statue of the god Amun was bathed with holy water, dressed in fine linen, and adorned in gold and silver jewellery. The priests then placed the god in a shrine and onto the ceremonial barque supported by poles for carrying. Pharaoh emerged from the temple, his priests carrying the barque on their shoulders, and together they moved into the crowded streets. A troop of Nubian soldiers serving as guards beat their drums, and musicians accompanied the priests in song as incense filled the air.
At Luxor, Pharaoh and his priests entered the temple and ceremonies were performed to regenerate Amun, recreate the cosmos and transfer Amun’s power to Pharaoh. When he finally emerged from the temple sanctuary, the vast crowds cheered him and celebrated the guaranteed fertility of the earth and the expectation of abundant harvests.
During the festival the people were given over 11000 loaves of bread and more than 385 jars of beer, and some were allowed into the temple to ask questions of the god. The priests spoke the answers through a concealed window high up in the wall, or from inside hollow statues.
Thoutmosis III avait déjà fait construire un château de millions d'années sur la rive ouest du temps d'Hatchepsout. Gouvernant maintenant seul, il en construit un autre dans Ipet Sout à Karnak pour remercier le dieu Amon de son éclatante victoire de Megiddo et le nomme Akh-ménou.
Le sol étant surélevé de 45 cm pour le protéger des crues du Nil, ce temple, de 78,76 m de long sur 38,84 m de côté avec deux entrées devient le véritable cœur du temple d’Amon, la partie la plus sainte et la plus précieuse de Karnak. Ce complexe se divise en trois parties : une grande salle à piliers et colonnes, appelée La Salle des fêtes (Hery-ib), les salles sokariennes étant situées au sud du temple et les salles nord, dites solaires, dédiées à la forme ithyphallique d’Amon.
La Salle des fêtes est une vaste salle hypostyle de 40 m de long délimitée par 32 piliers carrés, deux rangées de 10 colonnes en rouge foncé et d'architraves soutenant un magnifique plafond bleu peint d'étoiles jaunes. Au nord de la salle se trouvaient trois chapelles décorées de scènes de reliefs, de rituels et de processions cultuelles.
Le Jardin botanique comportait sur son axe transversal une rangée de quatre colonnes papyriformes fasciculées, alignées d'est en ouest, afin de soutenir la toiture (la plus élevé de l'Akh-ménou), l’espace entre deux entrecolonnements latéraux étant obstrué par deux grands sphinx en granit de Thoutmosis III*. C'était l'antichambre du sanctuaire secret de l'Akh-ménou, la partie la plus sacrée où était conservée sa statue cultuelle. A l'intérieur se trouvait une triade de quartzite de Thoutmosis III avec les dieux Amon et Mut, avec 8 niches bordant les murs du sanctuaire. A l'arrière, se trouvait le saint des saints : le Naos (cf. egypte-eternelle.org, merci Marie Thérèse Hébert & Jean Robert Thibault pour la photo).
*Pour voir le Sphinx en granit de Thoutmosis III (entrée du musée égyptien du Caire) :
www.flickr.com/photos/7208148@N02/52646312315/in/datepost...
Nov.4, 2018: The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak, comprises a vast mix of temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings near Luxor, in Egypt.
A cult temple dedicated to Amun, Mut and Khonsu. The largest religious building complex ever constructed. The temple of Karnak was known as Ipet-isu—or “most select of places”—by the ancient Egyptians. It is a city of temples built over 2,000 years and dedicated to the Theban triad of Amun, Mut, and Khonsu. This derelict place is still capable of overshadowing many wonders of the modern world and in its day must have been awe-inspiring.
For the largely uneducated ancient Egyptian population, this could only have been the place of the gods. It is the largest religious building ever made, covering about 200 acres (1.5 km by 0.8 km), and was a place of pilgrimage for nearly 2,000 years. The area of the sacred enclosure of Amun alone is sixty-one acres and could hold ten average European cathedrals. The great temple at the heart of Karnak is so big that St Peter’s, Milan, and Notre Dame Cathedrals would fit within its walls.
The Hypostyle hall, at 54,000 square feet (16,459 meters) and featuring 134 columns, is still the largest room of any religious building in the world. In addition to the main sanctuary there are several smaller temples and a vast sacred lake – 423 feet by 252 feet (129 by 77 meters). The sacred barges of the Theban Triad once floated on the lake during the annual Opet festival. The lake was surrounded by storerooms and living quarters for the priests, along with an aviary for aquatic birds.
Second Pylon entrance intro the hypostyle hall. in the fore ground is the remaining column of the Kiosk of Tahraqa
Second Pylon entrance intro the hypostyle hall. in the fore ground is the remaining column of the Kiosk of Tahraqa
The Egyptians believed that towards the end of annual agricultural cycle the gods and the earth became exhausted and required a fresh input of energy from the chaotic energy of the cosmos.
To accomplish this magical regeneration the Opet festival was held yearly at Karnak and Luxor. It lasted for twenty-seven days and was also a celebration of the link between pharaoh and the god Amun. The procession began at Karnak and ended at Luxor Temple, one and a half miles (2.4 kilometres) to the south.
The statue of the god Amun was bathed with holy water, dressed in fine linen, and adorned in gold and silver jewellery. The priests then placed the god in a shrine and onto the ceremonial barque supported by poles for carrying. Pharaoh emerged from the temple, his priests carrying the barque on their shoulders, and together they moved into the crowded streets. A troop of Nubian soldiers serving as guards beat their drums, and musicians accompanied the priests in song as incense filled the air.
At Luxor, Pharaoh and his priests entered the temple and ceremonies were performed to regenerate Amun, recreate the cosmos and transfer Amun’s power to Pharaoh. When he finally emerged from the temple sanctuary, the vast crowds cheered him and celebrated the guaranteed fertility of the earth and the expectation of abundant harvests.
During the festival the people were given over 11000 loaves of bread and more than 385 jars of beer, and some were allowed into the temple to ask questions of the god. The priests spoke the answers through a concealed window high up in the wall, or from inside hollow statues.
Few sites in Egypt are more impressive than the temple complex at Karnak. It represents the combined achievements of many generations of builders toiling for more than thirteen hundred years. Its ancient name was Ipet-isut, meaning "The Most Select (or Sacred) of Places". There are three main temples enclosed by enormous brick walls honouring the gods Mut, Montu and Amun.
Nov.4, 2018: The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak, comprises a vast mix of temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings near Luxor, in Egypt.
A cult temple dedicated to Amun, Mut and Khonsu. The largest religious building complex ever constructed. The temple of Karnak was known as Ipet-isu—or “most select of places”—by the ancient Egyptians. It is a city of temples built over 2,000 years and dedicated to the Theban triad of Amun, Mut, and Khonsu. This derelict place is still capable of overshadowing many wonders of the modern world and in its day must have been awe-inspiring.
For the largely uneducated ancient Egyptian population, this could only have been the place of the gods. It is the largest religious building ever made, covering about 200 acres (1.5 km by 0.8 km), and was a place of pilgrimage for nearly 2,000 years. The area of the sacred enclosure of Amun alone is sixty-one acres and could hold ten average European cathedrals. The great temple at the heart of Karnak is so big that St Peter’s, Milan, and Notre Dame Cathedrals would fit within its walls.
The Hypostyle hall, at 54,000 square feet (16,459 meters) and featuring 134 columns, is still the largest room of any religious building in the world. In addition to the main sanctuary there are several smaller temples and a vast sacred lake – 423 feet by 252 feet (129 by 77 meters). The sacred barges of the Theban Triad once floated on the lake during the annual Opet festival. The lake was surrounded by storerooms and living quarters for the priests, along with an aviary for aquatic birds.
Second Pylon entrance intro the hypostyle hall. in the fore ground is the remaining column of the Kiosk of Tahraqa
Second Pylon entrance intro the hypostyle hall. in the fore ground is the remaining column of the Kiosk of Tahraqa
The Egyptians believed that towards the end of annual agricultural cycle the gods and the earth became exhausted and required a fresh input of energy from the chaotic energy of the cosmos.
To accomplish this magical regeneration the Opet festival was held yearly at Karnak and Luxor. It lasted for twenty-seven days and was also a celebration of the link between pharaoh and the god Amun. The procession began at Karnak and ended at Luxor Temple, one and a half miles (2.4 kilometres) to the south.
The statue of the god Amun was bathed with holy water, dressed in fine linen, and adorned in gold and silver jewellery. The priests then placed the god in a shrine and onto the ceremonial barque supported by poles for carrying. Pharaoh emerged from the temple, his priests carrying the barque on their shoulders, and together they moved into the crowded streets. A troop of Nubian soldiers serving as guards beat their drums, and musicians accompanied the priests in song as incense filled the air.
At Luxor, Pharaoh and his priests entered the temple and ceremonies were performed to regenerate Amun, recreate the cosmos and transfer Amun’s power to Pharaoh. When he finally emerged from the temple sanctuary, the vast crowds cheered him and celebrated the guaranteed fertility of the earth and the expectation of abundant harvests.
During the festival the people were given over 11000 loaves of bread and more than 385 jars of beer, and some were allowed into the temple to ask questions of the god. The priests spoke the answers through a concealed window high up in the wall, or from inside hollow statues.
The Karnak Temple Complex—usually called Karnak—comprises a vast mix of ruined temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings, notably the Great Temple of Amun and a massive structure begun by Pharaoh Ramses II (ca. 1391–1351 BC). Sacred Lake is part of the site as well. It is located near Luxor, some 500 km south of Cairo, in Egypt. The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the eighteenth dynasty Theban Triad with the god Amun as its head. It is part of the monumental city of Thebes. The Karnak complex takes its name from the nearby, and partly surrounded, modern village of el-Karnak, some 2.5 km north of Luxor.
The complex is a vast open-air museum and the largest ancient religious site in the world. It is believed to be the second most visited historical site in Egypt, second only to the Giza Pyramids near Cairo. It consists of four main parts (precincts), of which only the largest, the Precinct of Amun-Re, currently is open to the general public. The term Karnak often is understood as being the Precinct of Amun-Re only, because this is the only part most visitors normally see. The three other parts, the Precinct of Mut, the Precinct of Montu, and the dismantled Temple of Amenhotep IV, are closed to the public. There also are a few smaller temples and sanctuaries located outside the enclosing walls of the four main parts, as well as several avenues of goddess and ram-headed sphinxes connecting the Precinct of Mut, the Precinct of Amun-Re, and the Luxor Temple.
INKTOBER (Day 4)
By: @carlosmadurov
#inktober2017 #inktober #ipet #geailustra #carlosmadurov #arte #inktobercolombia #Barranquilla #colombia
December 30, 2018 - "Karnak is located just few Km North of Luxor, and is arguably Egypt’s greatest monument bar the Pyramids.
Built on a gigantic scale, the site covers in total more than 245 acres and is the largest ancient religious site on the planet. It took a total of 1300 years to build and has been attracting pilgrims (and now tourists) for more than 4000 years.
Unable to comprehend its construction as anything other than divine, the ancient Egyptians called the site ‘Ipet Isut’ meaning ‘perfect of palaces’.
The construction of Karnak begun during the middle kingdom, but reached its Zenith during the new Kingdom as the God Amun rose to absolute power in the region. When wars were waged in Ancient Egypt it was seen as the battle between one deity and another for supremacy. Thus Gods were able to rise and fall like kings.
During the height of its power, Karnak presided over 65 villages, 433 gardens, 85 ships, and more than 80,000 workers and slaves.
The site includes three separate temple complexes, the largest and most revered being the Precinct of Amun. Large enough to accommodate 10 cathedrals, the precinct comprises of a sacred lake, several temples, chapels, a court, a festival hall and famously, the great Hypostyle Hall – a towering forest of ancient columns.
The site was once connected to the Luxor Temple - 3Km to the South - by an avenue flanked with sphinxes. Although some of them remain, most are buried beneath the edifices of the modern city." Text from the following website: www.alternativeegypt.com/Luxor/Karnak-Temple.html
An inscription of Hatshepsut on the top of a granite obelisk from Karnak temple. The now fallen piece of obelisk lies at the north-west corner of the sacred lake.
Ramesses II was the third Egyptian pharaoh of the Nineteenth dynasty. He is often regarded as Egypt's greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh. His successors and later Egyptians called him the "Great Ancestor".
Luxor Temple is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the River Nile in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was founded in 1400 B.C.E.
Known in the Egyptian language as ipet resyt, or "the southern sanctuary", the temple was dedicated to the Theban Triad of Amun, Mut, and Chons and was built during the New Kingdom, the focus of the annual Opet Festival, in which a cult statue of Amun was paraded down the Nile from nearby Karnak Temple (ipet-isut) to stay there for a while, with his consort Mut, in a celebration of fertility – whence its name.
The earliest parts of the temple still standing are the barque chapels, just behind the first pylon. They were built by Hatshepsut, and appropriated by Tuthmosis III. The main part of the temple - the colonnade and the sun court were built by Amenhotep III, and a later addition by Rameses II, who built the entrance pylon, and the two obelisks (one of which was taken to France, and is now at the centre of the Place de la Concorde) linked the Hatshepsut buildings with the main temple.
source: wikipedia
Colonnade of the Great Sun Court, Luxor temple, Luxor, Egypt. The minaret of the 14th century Abu al-Haggag mosque is in the background
Luxor Temple is a large ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the river Nile in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was founded in 1400 B.C.E. Known in the Egyptian language as ipet resyt, or "the southern sanctuary", the temple was dedicated to the Theban Triad of Amun, Mut, and Chons and was built during the New Kingdom, the focus of the annual Opet Festival, in which a cult statue of Amun was paraded down the Nile from nearby Karnak Temple (ipet-isut) to stay there for a while, with his consort Mut, in a celebration of fertility.
The earliest parts of the temple still standing are the barque chapels built by Hatshepsut. The main part of the temple - the colonnade and the sun court were built by Amenhotep III, and a later addition by Rameses II, who built the entrance pylon, and the two obelisks (one of which was taken to France, and is now at the centre of the Place de la Concorde) linked the Hatshepsut buildings with the main temple.
During the Roman era, the temple and its surroundings were a legionary fortress and the home of the Roman government in the area.
Karnak (al-Karnak,الكرنك, "ciudad fortificada", llamada en el Antiguo Egipto Ipet sut, "el lugar más venerado") es el nombre de una pequeña población de Egipto, situada en la ribera oriental del río Nilo, frente a Luxor, la zona de la antigua Tebas, que albergaba el complejo religioso más importante del Antiguo Egipto.
Forma parte del conjunto denominado Antigua Tebas con sus necrópolis, declarado Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la Unesco en 1979. Es el conjunto de templos más grande de Egipto.
Existía también un lago sagrado, numerosos templetes y capillas de menor tamaño, y múltiples estancias y almacenes situados dentro de los muros que circundaban el recinto principal.
La diferencia principal entre el templo de Amón en Karnak, que Diodoro de Sicilia afirma ser el más antiguo de Tebas, y la mayoría de los templos egipcios es el tiempo y esfuerzo empleados en su construcción y posteriores ampliaciones. Unos treinta faraones contribuyeron con sus edificaciones convirtiendo al complejo en un conjunto, que por su tamaño (unas treinta hectáreas), no se había conocido jamás.
La entrada, entre dos inmensos pilonos, está precedido por un dromos ("camino del dios") o avenida de esfinges, con cabeza de carnero, símbolos del dios Amón. Se accede a un gran patio porticado donde se encuentra, a la izquierda, un templete del faraón Seti II, una de las columnas de Taharqo y la monumental estatua de Pinedyem I, a la derecha el templo de Ramsés III, al frente, la sala hipóstila, y un poco más al fondo, los obeliscos de Thutmose I y Hatshepsut; después hay una serie de estancias, con patios menores, y el santuario, a los que sólo tenían acceso el faraón y los sacerdotes.
La sala hipóstila de Karnak es una de las partes más singulares del conjunto religioso. Con 23 metros de altura, es un espacio arquitectónico cuya cubierta está sustentada por 122 gigantescas columnas que son más altas en las dos filas centrales, conformando un gran pasillo, cuya disposición posibilita iluminar desde el eje de la sala. Como material se utilizó la piedra, tallada en bloques que conforman los tambores de las columnas. Estas sustentaban en basas y terminaban en gigantescos capiteles papiriformes y campaniformes, sobre los cuales se apostaban enormes dinteles que sostenían una cubierta adintelada. Los fustes de tan colosales columnas se encontraban decorados con relieves polícromos, encargados de complementar la grandiosidad del lugar sagrado.
En el antiguo Egipto, la construcción de los templos se iniciaba siempre por el santuario, lo que significa que Karnak se comenzó por el centro y se terminó de construir por las entradas al recinto. Todo el conjunto estaba ricamente decorado y pintado en vivos colores.
Después de las pirámides de Guiza, es el segundo lugar más visitado de Egipto.
Gurna, the village next to the palaces and tombs of the ancient Thebes, on the west bank of river Nile in Luxor. According to rumours, the village is to be torn down in the near future.
The Luxor Temple is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the Nile River in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was constructed approximately 1400 BCE. In the Egyptian language it was known as ipet resyt, "the southern sanctuary". It was one of the two primary temples on the east bank, the other being Karnak. Unlike the other temples in Thebes, Luxor temple is not dedicated to a cult god or a deified version of the pharaoh in death. Instead, Luxor temple is dedicated to the rejuvenation of kingship; it may have been where many of the pharaohs of Egypt were crowned in reality or conceptually (as in the case of Alexander the Great, who claimed he was crowned at Luxor but may never have traveled south of Memphis, near modern Cairo).
File o Filé (en textos latinos: Philæ, Philae, Filae) era el nombre de una isla situada en el río Nilo, a once kilómetros al sur de Asuán, en Egipto. Fue célebre por los templos erigidos durante los periodos ptolemaico y romano dedicados al culto a la diosa Isis que se propagó por todo el Mediterráneo, manteniéndose su veneración en el templo de File hasta que fue prohibido en tiempos de Justiniano I, el año 535 d. C.
La isla de File quedó sumergida en el siglo XX bajo las aguas embalsadas por la presa de Asuán, aunque bajo patrocinio de la Unesco los templos fueron desmontados, trasladados y reconstruidos en el cercano islote de Agilkia.
Isis fue una de las diosas principales del panteón egipcio, pero sólo a partir de Nectanebo I, faraón de la dinastía XXX, comenzaron a erigirse edificaciones sacras de cierta importancia en la isla. Los lágidas continuaron ampliando el complejo y, posteriormente, algunos emperadores romanos como Augusto, Tiberio, Trajano y Adriano, ordenaron construir más edificaciones.
El culto a la diosa perduró hasta el siglo VI, cuando el emperador romano de oriente, Justiniano I lo proscribió. El conjunto se reconvirtió en iglesia cristiana dedicada a la advocación de San Esteban, hasta el siglo XII, época en que el credo islamista ya se había impuesto como religión mayoritaria de la población egipcia.
The Karnak Temple Complex—usually called Karnak ( /kɑːr.næk/[1])—comprises a vast mix of decayed temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings. Building at the complex began in the reign of Sesostris I in the Middle Kingdom and continued into the Ptolemaic period, although most of the extant buildings date from the New Kingdom. The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the eighteenth dynasty Theban Triad with the god Amun as its head. It is part of the monumental city of Thebes. The Karnak complex takes its name from the nearby, and partly surrounded, modern village of el-Karnak, some 2.5 km north of Luxor.
The history of the Karnak complex is largely the history of Thebes and its changing role in the culture. Religious centers varied by region and with the establishment of the current capital of the unified culture that changed several times. The city of Thebes does not appear to have been of great significance before the Eleventh Dynasty and previous temple building here would have been relatively small, with shrines being dedicated to the early deities of Thebes, the Earth goddess Mut and Montu. Early building was destroyed by invaders. The earliest known artifact found in the area of the temple is a small, eight-sided temple from the Eleventh Dynasty, which mentions Amun-Re. Amun (sometimes called Amen) was long the local tutelary deity of Thebes. He was identified with the Ram and the Goose. The Egyptian meaning of Amen is, "hidden" or, the "hidden god".[5]
Major construction work in the Precinct of Amun-Re took place during the Eighteenth dynasty when Thebes became the capital of the unified Ancient Egypt.
Thutmose I erected an enclosure wall connecting the Fourth and Fifth pylons, which comprise the earliest part of the temple still standing in situ. Construction of the Hypostyle Hall also may have begun during the eighteenth dynasty, although most new building was undertaken under Seti I and Ramesses II.
Almost every pharaoh of that dynasty has added something to the temple site. Merenptah commemorated his victories over the Sea Peoples on the walls of the Cachette Court, the start of the processional route to the Luxor Temple.
Hatshepsut had monuments constructed and also restored the original Precinct of Mut, the ancient great goddess of Egypt, that had been ravaged by the foreign rulers during the Hyksos occupation. She had twin obelisks, at the time the tallest in the world, erected at the entrance to the temple. One still stands, as the tallest surviving ancient obelisk on Earth; the other has broken in two and toppled. Another of her projects at the site, Karnak's Red Chapel, or Chapelle Rouge, was intended as a barque shrine and originally, may have stood between her two obelisks. She later ordered the construction of two more obelisks to celebrate her sixteenth year as pharaoh; one of the obelisks broke during construction, and thus, a third was constructed to replace it. The broken obelisk was left at its quarrying site in Aswan, where it still remains. Known as The Unfinished Obelisk, it demonstrates how obelisks were quarried.[6]
The last major change to Precinct of Amun-Re's layout was the addition of the first pylon and the massive enclosure walls that surround the whole Precinct, both constructed by Nectanebo I.
In 323 AD, Constantine the Great recognised the Christian religion, and in 356 Constantius II ordered the closing of pagan temples throughout the empire. Karnak was by this time mostly abandoned, and Christian churches were founded amongst the ruins, the most famous example of this is the reuse of the Festival Hall of Thutmose III's central hall, where painted decorations of saints and Coptic inscriptions can still be seen.
templi egizi sono la principale attrazione di el-Karnak al punto che, comunemente, al nome "Karnak" viene generalmente associato più il sito archeologico che non il villaggio.
Il numero annuale di visitatori è secondo solo a quello della piramidi di Giza. Il complesso templare di Karnak è, di fatto, costituito da tre distinti recinti templari dedicati ad Amon, alla sua sposa divina Mut, ed al Dio locale Montu (dal corpo umano e dalla testa di falco) il cui culto fu particolarmente in auge nel corso della XI Dinastia (in tal senso rammentiamo i sovrani di nome Montuhotep, della XI dinastia, cui seguiranno, con la XII, Re il cui nome teoforo farà riferimento ad Amon, altra divinità minore tebana facente capo alla c.d. Ogdoaede Ermopolitana, come, ad esempio, Amenhemat). In linea generale, sono riscontrabili quattro parti principali di cui solo una accessibile ai turisti ed al pubblico in generale.
Grande tempio di Amon (visitabile)
Tempio di Montu (chiuso al pubblico)
Tempio di Mut
Tempio di Amenhotep IV (smantellato - chiuso al pubblico)