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International Conference on Clinical PET and Molecular Nuclear Medicine (IPET 2011). Vienna, Austria, 8 November 2011
Copyright: IAEA Imagebank
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
Karnak, the largest ancient religious site in the world.
Wiki:
The Karnak Temple Complex—usually called Karnak—comprises a vast conglomeration of ruined temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings, notably the Great Temple of Amen and a massive structure begun by Pharaoh Ramses II (ca. 1391–1351 BC). An ancient sacred lake is part of the site as well. It is located near Luxor, some 500 km south of Cairo, in Egypt. The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the eighteenth dynasty Theban Triad with the god Amun as its head. It is part of the monumental city of Thebes.
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
The temple of Luxor is situated on the east bank of the #RiverNile in the town of Luxor ( #Thebes ).
The temple was known as “ipet resyt” (“the southern harem”) and it was founded during the New Kingdom, around 1400 BC.
The temple is dedicated to Amun, Mut, and Khonsu and was the focus of one of the most important religious festivals in ancient Egypt – the annual Opet Festival.
The temple was built by #AmenhotepIII (1390-52 BC) but completed by #Tutankhamun ( #KingTut ) (1336-27 BC) and #Horemheb (1323-1295 BC) and then added to by #RamesesII (1279-13 BC).
Unlike the other temples in Thebes, Luxor temple is NOT dedicated to a cult god or a deified version of the pharaoh in death.
Instead,
Luxor temple is dedicated to the rejuvenation of kingship; it may have been where many of the pharaohs of Egypt were crowned in reality or conceptually (as in the case of Alexander the Great, who was crowned at Luxor. )
Toward the rear is a granite shrine dedicated to #AlexandertheGreat (332-305 BC).
Source: Wikipedia
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
El templo de Luxor, situado en el corazón de la antigua Tebas, fue construido esencialmente bajo las dinastías XVIII y XIX egipcias. Estaba consagrado al dios Amón bajo sus dos aspectos de Amón-Ra. El edificio, uno de los mejores conservados del Nuevo Imperio egipcio, aún mantiene numerosas estructuras. Forma parte del conjunto denominado Antigua Tebas con sus necrópolis, declarado Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la Unesco en 1979.
Luxor Temple is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the River Nile in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was founded in 1400 B.C.E.
Known in the Egyptian language as ipet resyt, or "the southern sanctuary", the temple was dedicated to the Theban Triad of Amun, Mut, and Chons and was built during the New Kingdom, the focus of the annual Opet Festival, in which a cult statue of Amun was paraded down the Nile from nearby Karnak Temple (ipet-isut) to stay there for a while, with his consort Mut, in a celebration of fertility – whence its name.
The earliest parts of the temple still standing are the barque chapels, just behind the first pylon. They were built by Hatshepsut, and appropriated by Tuthmosis III. The main part of the temple - the colonnade and the sun court were built by Amenhotep III, and a later addition by Rameses II, who built the entrance pylon, and the two obelisks (one of which was taken to France, and is now at the centre of the Place de la Concorde) linked the Hatshepsut buildings with the main temple.
To the rear of the temple are chapels built by Tuthmosis III, and Alexander. During the Roman era, the temple and its surroundings were a legionary fortress and the home of the Roman government in the area.
Wikipedia
The Karnak Temple Complex comprises a vast mix of decayed temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings.
The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the eighteenth dynasty Theban Triad with the god Amun as its head. It is part of the monumental city of Thebes.
The Karnak complex gives its name to the nearby, and partly surrounded, modern village of El-Karnak, 2.5 kilometres (1.6 miles) north of Luxor.
December 30, 2018 - "Karnak is located just few Km North of Luxor, and is arguably Egypt’s greatest monument bar the Pyramids.
Built on a gigantic scale, the site covers in total more than 245 acres and is the largest ancient religious site on the planet. It took a total of 1300 years to build and has been attracting pilgrims (and now tourists) for more than 4000 years.
Unable to comprehend its construction as anything other than divine, the ancient Egyptians called the site ‘Ipet Isut’ meaning ‘perfect of palaces’.
The construction of Karnak begun during the middle kingdom, but reached its Zenith during the new Kingdom as the God Amun rose to absolute power in the region. When wars were waged in Ancient Egypt it was seen as the battle between one deity and another for supremacy. Thus Gods were able to rise and fall like kings.
During the height of its power, Karnak presided over 65 villages, 433 gardens, 85 ships, and more than 80,000 workers and slaves.
The site includes three separate temple complexes, the largest and most revered being the Precinct of Amun. Large enough to accommodate 10 cathedrals, the precinct comprises of a sacred lake, several temples, chapels, a court, a festival hall and famously, the great Hypostyle Hall – a towering forest of ancient columns.
The site was once connected to the Luxor Temple - 3Km to the South - by an avenue flanked with sphinxes. Although some of them remain, most are buried beneath the edifices of the modern city." Text from the following website: www.alternativeegypt.com/Luxor/Karnak-Temple.html
This is a drawing of the Great Hypostyle Hall. It was on display at Karnak as one of the interpretive signs. It shows the difference in height between the columns of the central colonnade and the surrounding columns.
The 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th pylons of the Temple of Karnak are constructed on an axis at a right angle to the main axis of the temple. They lead in the direction of the Temple of Mut. In this picture we see a number of very large statues in front of the remains of the 7th pylon. In the rear are the high walls of the 8th pylon. In the distance is a glimpse of the 9th pylon.
Cult temple dedicated to Amun, Mut and Khonsu. The largest religious building ever constructed.
The temple of Karnak was known as Ipet-isu—or “most select of places”—by the ancient Egyptians. It is a city of temples built over 2,000 years and dedicated to the Theban triad of Amun, Mut, and Khonsu. This derelict place is still capable of overshadowing many wonders of the modern world and in its day must have been awe-inspiring
Taken @Esna, Egypt
Nov.4, 2018: The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak, comprises a vast mix of temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings near Luxor, in Egypt.
A cult temple dedicated to Amun, Mut and Khonsu. The largest religious building complex ever constructed. The temple of Karnak was known as Ipet-isu—or “most select of places”—by the ancient Egyptians. It is a city of temples built over 2,000 years and dedicated to the Theban triad of Amun, Mut, and Khonsu. This derelict place is still capable of overshadowing many wonders of the modern world and in its day must have been awe-inspiring.
For the largely uneducated ancient Egyptian population, this could only have been the place of the gods. It is the largest religious building ever made, covering about 200 acres (1.5 km by 0.8 km), and was a place of pilgrimage for nearly 2,000 years. The area of the sacred enclosure of Amun alone is sixty-one acres and could hold ten average European cathedrals. The great temple at the heart of Karnak is so big that St Peter’s, Milan, and Notre Dame Cathedrals would fit within its walls.
The Hypostyle hall, at 54,000 square feet (16,459 meters) and featuring 134 columns, is still the largest room of any religious building in the world. In addition to the main sanctuary there are several smaller temples and a vast sacred lake – 423 feet by 252 feet (129 by 77 meters). The sacred barges of the Theban Triad once floated on the lake during the annual Opet festival. The lake was surrounded by storerooms and living quarters for the priests, along with an aviary for aquatic birds.
Second Pylon entrance intro the hypostyle hall. in the fore ground is the remaining column of the Kiosk of Tahraqa
Second Pylon entrance intro the hypostyle hall. in the fore ground is the remaining column of the Kiosk of Tahraqa
The Egyptians believed that towards the end of annual agricultural cycle the gods and the earth became exhausted and required a fresh input of energy from the chaotic energy of the cosmos.
To accomplish this magical regeneration the Opet festival was held yearly at Karnak and Luxor. It lasted for twenty-seven days and was also a celebration of the link between pharaoh and the god Amun. The procession began at Karnak and ended at Luxor Temple, one and a half miles (2.4 kilometres) to the south.
The statue of the god Amun was bathed with holy water, dressed in fine linen, and adorned in gold and silver jewellery. The priests then placed the god in a shrine and onto the ceremonial barque supported by poles for carrying. Pharaoh emerged from the temple, his priests carrying the barque on their shoulders, and together they moved into the crowded streets. A troop of Nubian soldiers serving as guards beat their drums, and musicians accompanied the priests in song as incense filled the air.
At Luxor, Pharaoh and his priests entered the temple and ceremonies were performed to regenerate Amun, recreate the cosmos and transfer Amun’s power to Pharaoh. When he finally emerged from the temple sanctuary, the vast crowds cheered him and celebrated the guaranteed fertility of the earth and the expectation of abundant harvests.
During the festival the people were given over 11000 loaves of bread and more than 385 jars of beer, and some were allowed into the temple to ask questions of the god. The priests spoke the answers through a concealed window high up in the wall, or from inside hollow statues.
Statue of Rameses II and his daughter standing between his feet at Karnak
The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak (/ˈkɑr.næk/[1]), comprises a vast mix of decayed temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings. Building at the complex began during the reign of Senusret I in the Middle Kingdom and continued into the Ptolemaic period, although most of the extant buildings date from the New Kingdom. The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the eighteenth dynasty Theban Triad with the god Amun as its head. It is part of the monumental city of Thebes. The Karnak complex gives its name to the nearby, and partly surrounded, modern village of El-Karnak, 2.5 kilometres (1.6 miles) north of Luxor.
The history of the Karnak complex is largely the history of Thebes and its changing role in the culture. Religious centers varied by region and with the establishment of the current capital of the unified culture that changed several times. The city of Thebes does not appear to have been of great significance before the Eleventh Dynasty and previous temple building here would have been relatively small, with shrines being dedicated to the early deities of Thebes, the Earth goddess Mut and Montu. Early building was destroyed by invaders. The earliest known artifact found in the area of the temple is a small, eight-sided temple from the Eleventh Dynasty, which mentions Amun-Re. Amun (sometimes called Amen) was long the local tutelary deity of Thebes. He was identified with the Ram and the Goose. The Egyptian meaning of Amun is, "hidden" or, the "hidden god".[5]
Major construction work in the Precinct of Amun-Re took place during the Eighteenth dynasty when Thebes became the capital of the unified Ancient Egypt.
Thutmose I erected an enclosure wall connecting the Fourth and Fifth pylons, which comprise the earliest part of the temple still standing in situ. Construction of the Hypostyle Hall also may have begun during the eighteenth dynasty, although most new building was undertaken under Seti I and Ramesses II.
Almost every pharaoh of that dynasty has added something to the temple site. Merneptah commemorated his victories over the Sea Peoples on the walls of the Cachette Court, the start of the processional route to the Luxor Temple.
Hatshepsut had monuments constructed and also restored the original Precinct of Mut, the ancient great goddess of Egypt, that had been ravaged by the foreign rulers during the Hyksos occupation. She had twin obelisks, at the time the tallest in the world, erected at the entrance to the temple. One still stands, as the tallest surviving ancient obelisk on Earth; the other has broken in two and toppled. Another of her projects at the site, Karnak's Red Chapel, or Chapelle Rouge, was intended as a barque shrine and originally, may have stood between her two obelisks. She later ordered the construction of two more obelisks to celebrate her sixteenth year as pharaoh; one of the obelisks broke during construction, and thus, a third was constructed to replace it. The broken obelisk was left at its quarrying site in Aswan, where it still remains. Known as The Unfinished Obelisk, it demonstrates how obelisks were quarried.[6]
The last major change to Precinct of Amun-Re's layout was the addition of the first pylon and the massive enclosure walls that surround the whole Precinct, both constructed by Nectanebo I.
In 323 AD, Constantine the Great recognised the Christian religion, and in 356 Constantius II ordered the closing of pagan temples throughout the empire. Karnak was by this time mostly abandoned, and Christian churches were founded among the ruins, the most famous example of this is the reuse of the Festival Hall of Thutmose III's central hall, where painted decorations of saints and Coptic inscriptions can still be seen.
This is a view of the First Courtyard (also called the Great Forecourt) just inside the 1st pylon of the Temple of Karnak. In the center are the remains of the Colonnade of King Taharqo of the 25th Dynasty. Only one large pillar, out of ten, remains intact, on the right side. On the far side of the courtyard is the 2nd pylon. Different parts of the Temple of Karnak were built over a period of many centuries. Over 30 pharaohs were involved in construction projects.
The temple of Luxor is situated on the east bank of the #RiverNile in the town of Luxor ( #Thebes ).
The temple was known as “ipet resyt” (“the southern harem”) and it was founded during the New Kingdom, around 1400 BC.
The temple is dedicated to Amun, Mut, and Khonsu and was the focus of one of the most important religious festivals in ancient Egypt – the annual Opet Festival.
The temple was built by #AmenhotepIII (1390-52 BC) but completed by #Tutankhamun ( #KingTut ) (1336-27 BC) and #Horemheb (1323-1295 BC) and then added to by #RamesesII (1279-13 BC).
Unlike the other temples in Thebes, Luxor temple is NOT dedicated to a cult god or a deified version of the pharaoh in death.
Instead,
Luxor temple is dedicated to the rejuvenation of kingship; it may have been where many of the pharaohs of Egypt were crowned in reality or conceptually (as in the case of Alexander the Great, who was crowned at Luxor. )
Toward the rear is a granite shrine dedicated to #AlexandertheGreat (332-305 BC).
Source: Wikipedia
An avenue of human headed sphinxes of over one and a half miles (3 km) once connected the temples of Karnak and Luxor. This was used once a year in a festival during which the image of Amun travelled from Karnak to visit his southern dominion. It was at Luxor temple that he was transformed into Min the god of fertility.
Two massive seated statues of Rameses II guard the huge gateway (pylon). Two 80 foot (25m) obelisks once accompanied them but today only one remains the other stands in the Place De La Concorde in Paris [discoveringegypt.com]
[From lonelyplanet.com]
The temple, also known as the Southern Sanctuary, was once the dwelling place of Amenemopet, the ithyphallic Amun of the Opet, and was largely built for the Opet celebrations, when the statues of Amun, Mut and Khonsu were annually reunited during the inundation season with that of Amun of Opet. Amenhotep III greatly enlarged an older shrine built by Hatshepsut, and rededicated the massive temple as Amun’s southern ipet (harem), the private quarters of the god. The structure was further added to by Tutankhamun, Ramses II, Alexander the Great and various Romans. The Romans constructed a military fort around the temple that the Arabs later called Al-Uqsur (The Fortifications), giving modern Luxor its name.
In ancient times the temple would have been surrounded by a warren of mudbrick houses, shops and workshops, which now lie under the modern town, but after the decline of the city people moved into the – by then – partly covered temple complex and built their city within it. In the 14th century, a mosque was built in one of the interior courts for the local sheikh (holy man) Abu al-Haggag. Excavation works, begun in 1885, have cleared away the village and debris of centuries to uncover what can be seen of the temple today, but the mosque remains and has recently been restored after a fire.
The temple is less complex to understand than Karnak, but here again you walk back in time the deeper you go into it. In front of the temple is the beginning of the avenue of sphinxes that ran all the way to the temples at Karnak 3km to the north, and is now being entirely excavated.
The massive 24m-high first pylon was raised by Ramses II and decorated with reliefs of his military exploits, including the Battle of Kadesh. The pylon was originally fronted by six colossal statues of Ramses II , four seated and two standing, but only two of the seated figures and one standing remain, and a pair pink granite obelisks , of which one remains and the other stands in the Place de la Concorde in Paris.
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt) departure from the Karnak temple
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
The portable bark of the King being carried by priests from Karnak Temple to the Nile.
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade built by Amenhotep III with additional decorations added by Tutankhamun (his name has been erased and replaced by that of Horemheb)
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
The temple of Luxor is situated on the east bank of the #RiverNile in the town of Luxor ( #Thebes ).
The temple was known as “ipet resyt” (“the southern harem”) and it was founded during the New Kingdom, around 1400 BC.
The temple is dedicated to Amun, Mut, and Khonsu and was the focus of one of the most important religious festivals in ancient Egypt – the annual Opet Festival.
The temple was built by #AmenhotepIII (1390-52 BC) but completed by #Tutankhamun ( #KingTut ) (1336-27 BC) and #Horemheb (1323-1295 BC) and then added to by #RamesesII (1279-13 BC).
Unlike the other temples in Thebes, Luxor temple is NOT dedicated to a cult god or a deified version of the pharaoh in death.
Instead,
Luxor temple is dedicated to the rejuvenation of kingship; it may have been where many of the pharaohs of Egypt were crowned in reality or conceptually (as in the case of Alexander the Great, who was crowned at Luxor. )
Toward the rear is a granite shrine dedicated to #AlexandertheGreat (332-305 BC).
Source: Wikipedia
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
An avenue of human headed sphinxes of over one and a half miles (3 km) once connected the temples of Karnak and Luxor. This was used once a year in a festival during which the image of Amun travelled from Karnak to visit his southern dominion. It was at Luxor temple that he was transformed into Min the god of fertility.
Two massive seated statues of Rameses II guard the huge gateway (pylon). Two 80 foot (25m) obelisks once accompanied them but today only one remains the other stands in the Place De La Concorde in Paris [discoveringegypt.com]
[From lonelyplanet.com]
The temple, also known as the Southern Sanctuary, was once the dwelling place of Amenemopet, the ithyphallic Amun of the Opet, and was largely built for the Opet celebrations, when the statues of Amun, Mut and Khonsu were annually reunited during the inundation season with that of Amun of Opet. Amenhotep III greatly enlarged an older shrine built by Hatshepsut, and rededicated the massive temple as Amun’s southern ipet (harem), the private quarters of the god. The structure was further added to by Tutankhamun, Ramses II, Alexander the Great and various Romans. The Romans constructed a military fort around the temple that the Arabs later called Al-Uqsur (The Fortifications), giving modern Luxor its name.
In ancient times the temple would have been surrounded by a warren of mudbrick houses, shops and workshops, which now lie under the modern town, but after the decline of the city people moved into the – by then – partly covered temple complex and built their city within it. In the 14th century, a mosque was built in one of the interior courts for the local sheikh (holy man) Abu al-Haggag. Excavation works, begun in 1885, have cleared away the village and debris of centuries to uncover what can be seen of the temple today, but the mosque remains and has recently been restored after a fire.
The temple is less complex to understand than Karnak, but here again you walk back in time the deeper you go into it. In front of the temple is the beginning of the avenue of sphinxes that ran all the way to the temples at Karnak 3km to the north, and is now being entirely excavated.
The massive 24m-high first pylon was raised by Ramses II and decorated with reliefs of his military exploits, including the Battle of Kadesh. The pylon was originally fronted by six colossal statues of Ramses II , four seated and two standing, but only two of the seated figures and one standing remain, and a pair pink granite obelisks , of which one remains and the other stands in the Place de la Concorde in Paris.
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
The "beautiful feast of Opet / Ipet" (Hb-nfr n jpt)
Reliefs at the west-wall of the great colonnade by Tutankhamun
December 30, 2018 - "Karnak is located just few Km North of Luxor, and is arguably Egypt’s greatest monument bar the Pyramids.
Built on a gigantic scale, the site covers in total more than 245 acres and is the largest ancient religious site on the planet. It took a total of 1300 years to build and has been attracting pilgrims (and now tourists) for more than 4000 years.
Unable to comprehend its construction as anything other than divine, the ancient Egyptians called the site ‘Ipet Isut’ meaning ‘perfect of palaces’.
The construction of Karnak begun during the middle kingdom, but reached its Zenith during the new Kingdom as the God Amun rose to absolute power in the region. When wars were waged in Ancient Egypt it was seen as the battle between one deity and another for supremacy. Thus Gods were able to rise and fall like kings.
During the height of its power, Karnak presided over 65 villages, 433 gardens, 85 ships, and more than 80,000 workers and slaves.
The site includes three separate temple complexes, the largest and most revered being the Precinct of Amun. Large enough to accommodate 10 cathedrals, the precinct comprises of a sacred lake, several temples, chapels, a court, a festival hall and famously, the great Hypostyle Hall – a towering forest of ancient columns.
The site was once connected to the Luxor Temple - 3Km to the South - by an avenue flanked with sphinxes. Although some of them remain, most are buried beneath the edifices of the modern city." Text from the following website: www.alternativeegypt.com/Luxor/Karnak-Temple.html