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Sound and Light Show at Karnak Temple
The Karnak Temple Complex — usually called simply Karnak — comprises a vast conglomeration of ruined temples, chapels, pylons and other buildings, notably the Great Temple of Amen and a massive structure begun by Pharaoh Amenhotep III (ca. 1391-1351 BC). It is located near Luxor, some 500 km south of Cairo, in Egypt. The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the Theban Triad with the god Amun as its head. It is part of the monumental city of Thebes. The Karnak complex takes its name from the nearby (and partly surrounded) modern village of el-Karnak, some 2.5 km north of Luxor.
The complex is a vast open-air museum and the largest ancient religious site in the world. It is probably the second most visited historical site in Egypt, second only to the Giza Pyramids near Cairo. It consists of four main parts (precincts), of which only the largest, the Precinct of Amun-Re, is open to the general public. The term Karnak is often understood as being the Precinct of Amun-Re only, as this is the only part most visitors normally see. The three other parts, the Precinct of Montu, the Precinct of Mut and the dismantled Temple of Amenhotep IV, are closed to the public. There also are a few smaller temples and sanctuaries located outside the enclosing walls of the four main parts, as well as several avenues of human and ram-headed sphinxes connecting the Precinct of Mut, the Precinct of Amun-Re, and Luxor Temple.
The key difference between Karnak and most of the other temples and sites in Egypt is the length of time over which it was developed and used. Construction of temples started in the Middle Kingdom and continued through to Ptolemaic times. Approximately thirty pharaohs contributed to the buildings, enabling it to reach a size, complexity, and diversity not seen elsewhere. Few of the individual features of Karnak are unique, but the size and number of features are overwhelming.
One of most famous aspects of Karnak, is the Hypostyle Hall in the Precinct of Amun-Re, a hall area of 50,000 sq ft (5,000 m2) with 134 massive columns arranged in 16 rows. 122 of these columns are 10 meters tall, and the other 12 are 21 meters tall with a diameter of over three meters. The architraves on top of these columns weigh an estimated 70 tons. These architraves may have been lifted to these heights using levers. This would be an extremely time-consuming process and would also require great balance to get to such great heights. A common alternative theory is that there were large ramps made of sand mud brick or stone and the stones were towed up the ramps. If they used stone for the ramps they would have been able to build the ramps with much less material. The top of the ramps would presumably have either wooden tracks or cobblestones to tow the megaliths on. There is an unfinished pillar in an out of the way location that indicated how they finished it. The finish carving was done after the drums were put in place. [1][2] Several experiments moving megaliths with ancient technology were done at other locations - some of them are listed here.
In 2009 UCLA launched a website dedicated to virtual reality digital reconstructions of the Karnak complex and other resources
Source: Wikipedia
The temple of Luxor is situated on the east bank of the #RiverNile in the town of Luxor ( #Thebes ).
The temple was known as “ipet resyt” (“the southern harem”) and it was founded during the New Kingdom, around 1400 BC.
The temple is dedicated to Amun, Mut, and Khonsu and was the focus of one of the most important religious festivals in ancient Egypt – the annual Opet Festival.
The temple was built by #AmenhotepIII (1390-52 BC) but completed by #Tutankhamun ( #KingTut ) (1336-27 BC) and #Horemheb (1323-1295 BC) and then added to by #RamesesII (1279-13 BC).
Unlike the other temples in Thebes, Luxor temple is NOT dedicated to a cult god or a deified version of the pharaoh in death.
Instead,
Luxor temple is dedicated to the rejuvenation of kingship; it may have been where many of the pharaohs of Egypt were crowned in reality or conceptually (as in the case of Alexander the Great, who was crowned at Luxor. )
Toward the rear is a granite shrine dedicated to #AlexandertheGreat (332-305 BC).
Source: Wikipedia
Luxor Temple is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the River Nile in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was founded in 1400 BCE. , Known in the Egyptian language as ipet resyt, or "the southern sanctuary", the temple was dedicated to the Theban Triad of Amun, Mut, and Chons and was built during the New Kingdom, the focus of the annual Opet Festival, in which a cult statue of Amun was paraded down the Nile from nearby Karnak Temple (ipet-isut) to stay there for a while, with his consort Mut, in a celebration of fertility – whence its name.
The earliest parts of the temple still standing are the barque chapels, just behind the first pylon. They were built by Hatshepsut, and appropriated by Tuthmosis III. The main part of the temple - the colonnade and the sun court were built by Amenhotep III, and a later addition by Rameses II, who built the entrance pylon, and the two obelisks (one of which was taken to France, and is now at the centre of the Place de la Concorde) linked the Hatshepsut buildings with the main temple.
To the rear of the temple are chapels built by Tuthmosis III, and Alexander. During the Roman era, the temple and its surroundings were a legionary fortress and the home of the Roman government in the area.
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The two obeliscs which you can see on the historical photograph from a different perspective.
The Karnak Temple Complex— usually called Karnak— comprises a vast mix of decayed temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings. Building at the complex began in the reign of Sesostris I in the Middle Kingdom and continued into the Ptolemaic period, although most of the extant buildings date from the New Kingdom. The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the eighteenth dynasty Theban Triad with the god Amun as its head. It is part of the monumental city of Thebes. Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnak
The temple of Luxor is situated on the east bank of the River Nile in the town of Luxor (Thebes). The temple itself was known as "ipet resyt" ("the southern harem") and it was founded during the New Kingdom around 1400 BC. The temple is dedicated to Amun, Mut, and Khonsu and was the focus of one of the most important religious festivals in ancient Egypt - the annual Opet Festival. During this festival the cult statues of Amun, Mut and Khonsu would travel from Karnak to Luxor. As a result, the temple is not aligned to the river (as is more usual) but to the temple complex at Karnak.
It is also proposed by some that the temple was in fact dedicated to the royal ka, which was symbolically joined to the living king during the Opet festival. Thus the Luxor Temple was a shrine of the king's cult and not just to the Theban god Amun and his family
Taken @Luxor, Egypt
Luxor Temple is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the Nile River in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was constructed approximately 1400 BCE. In the Egyptian language it is known as ipet resyt, "the southern sanctuary". In Luxor there are several great temples on the east and west banks. Four of the major mortuary temples visited by early travelers and tourists include the Temple of Seti I at Gurnah, the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el Bahri, the Temple of Ramesses II (a.k.a. Ramesseum), and the Temple of Ramesses III at Medinet Habu; and the two primary cults temples on the east bank are known as the Karnak and Luxor. Unlike the other temples in Thebes, Luxor temple is not dedicated to a cult god or a deified version of the king in death. Instead Luxor temple is dedicated to the rejuvenation of kingship; it may have been where many of the kings of Egypt were crowned in reality or conceptually (as in the case of Alexander the Great who claimed he was crowned at Luxor but may never have traveled south of Memphis, near modern Cairo.)
To the rear of the temple are chapels built by Amenhotep III of the 18th Dynasty, and Alexander. Other parts of the temple were built by Tutankhamun and Ramesses II. During the Roman era, the temple and its surroundings were a legionary fortress and the home of the Roman government in the area.
The Karnak Temple Complex—usually called Karnak (pron.: /kɑːr.næk/[1])—comprises a vast mix of decayed temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings. Building at the complex began in the reign of Sesostris I in the Middle Kingdom and continued into the Ptolemaic period, although most of the extant buildings date from the New Kingdom. The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the eighteenth dynasty Theban Triad with the god Amun as its head. It is part of the monumental city of Thebes.
Text from Wikipedia.
Source: Wikipedia
The Karnak temple complex, universally known only as Karnak, describes a vast conglomeration of ruined temples, chapels, pylons and other buildings. It is located near Luxor in Egypt. This was ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places"), the main place of worship of the Theban Triad with Amun as its head, in the monumental city of Thebes. The complex retrieves its current name from the nearby and partly surrounding modern village of el-Karnak, some 2.5km north of Luxor.
The Theban Triad are the three Egyptian gods that were the most powerful in the area of Thebes, in Egypt. The gods are Amun, his consort Mut and their son Khons. The 18th Dynasty of the New Kingdom favored the triad, and Amenhotep I, the Pharaoh who built Karnak, was often shown being a part of the triad. Mut was an early goddess of Ancient Egypt and was said to swallow the sun in the evening (sunset) and to give birth to it again in the morning (sunrise)
Luxor Temple is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the Nile River in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was constructed approximately 1400 BCE. In the Egyptian language it is known as ipet resyt, "the southern sanctuary". In Luxor there are several great temples on the east and west banks. Four of the major mortuary temples visited by early travelers and tourists include the Temple of Seti I at Gurnah, the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el Bahri, the Temple of Ramesses II (a.k.a. Ramesseum), and the Temple of Ramesses III at Medinet Habu; and the two primary cults temples on the east bank are known as the Karnak and Luxor. Unlike the other temples in Thebes, Luxor temple is not dedicated to a cult god or a deified version of the king in death. Instead Luxor temple is dedicated to the rejuvenation of kingship; it may have been where many of the kings of Egypt were crowned in reality or conceptually (as in the case of Alexander the Great who claimed he was crowned at Luxor but may never have traveled south of Memphis, near modern Cairo.)
To the rear of the temple are chapels built by Amenhotep III of the 18th Dynasty, and Alexander. Other parts of the temple were built by Tutankhamun and Ramesses II. During the Roman era, the temple and its surroundings were a legionary fortress and the home of the Roman government in the area.
The Karnak Temple Complex— usually called Karnak— comprises a vast mix of decayed temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings. Building at the complex began in the reign of Sesostris I in the Middle Kingdom and continued into the Ptolemaic period, although most of the extant buildings date from the New Kingdom. The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the eighteenth dynasty Theban Triad with the god Amun as its head. It is part of the monumental city of Thebes. Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnak
In ancient Egypt the dromos was a straight, paved avenue flanked by sphinxes.
Luxor Temple is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the River Nile in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was founded in 1400 B.C.E.
Known in the Egyptian language as ipet resyt, or "the southern sanctuary", the temple was dedicated to the Theban Triad of Amun, Mut, and Chons and was built during the New Kingdom, the focus of the annual Opet Festival, in which a cult statue of Amun was paraded down the Nile from nearby Karnak Temple (ipet-isut) to stay there for a while, with his consort Mut, in a celebration of fertility – whence its name.
The earliest parts of the temple still standing are the barque chapels, just behind the first pylon. They were built by Hatshepsut, and appropriated by Tuthmosis III. The main part of the temple - the colonnade and the sun court were built by Amenhotep III, and a later addition by Rameses II, who built the entrance pylon, and the two obelisks (one of which was taken to France, and is now at the centre of the Place de la Concorde) linked the Hatshepsut buildings with the main temple.
source: wikipedia
International Conference on Clinical PET and Molecular Nuclear Medicine (IPET 2011). Vienna, Austria, 8 November 2011
Copyright: IAEA Imagebank
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
International Conference on Clinical PET and Molecular Nuclear Medicine (IPET 2011). Vienna, Austria, 8 November 2011
Copyright: IAEA Imagebank
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
Nov.4, 2018: The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak, comprises a vast mix of temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings near Luxor, in Egypt.
A cult temple dedicated to Amun, Mut and Khonsu. The largest religious building complex ever constructed. The temple of Karnak was known as Ipet-isu—or “most select of places”—by the ancient Egyptians. It is a city of temples built over 2,000 years and dedicated to the Theban triad of Amun, Mut, and Khonsu. This derelict place is still capable of overshadowing many wonders of the modern world and in its day must have been awe-inspiring.
For the largely uneducated ancient Egyptian population, this could only have been the place of the gods. It is the largest religious building ever made, covering about 200 acres (1.5 km by 0.8 km), and was a place of pilgrimage for nearly 2,000 years. The area of the sacred enclosure of Amun alone is sixty-one acres and could hold ten average European cathedrals. The great temple at the heart of Karnak is so big that St Peter’s, Milan, and Notre Dame Cathedrals would fit within its walls.
The Hypostyle hall, at 54,000 square feet (16,459 meters) and featuring 134 columns, is still the largest room of any religious building in the world. In addition to the main sanctuary there are several smaller temples and a vast sacred lake – 423 feet by 252 feet (129 by 77 meters). The sacred barges of the Theban Triad once floated on the lake during the annual Opet festival. The lake was surrounded by storerooms and living quarters for the priests, along with an aviary for aquatic birds.
Second Pylon entrance intro the hypostyle hall. in the fore ground is the remaining column of the Kiosk of Tahraqa
Second Pylon entrance intro the hypostyle hall. in the fore ground is the remaining column of the Kiosk of Tahraqa
The Egyptians believed that towards the end of annual agricultural cycle the gods and the earth became exhausted and required a fresh input of energy from the chaotic energy of the cosmos.
To accomplish this magical regeneration the Opet festival was held yearly at Karnak and Luxor. It lasted for twenty-seven days and was also a celebration of the link between pharaoh and the god Amun. The procession began at Karnak and ended at Luxor Temple, one and a half miles (2.4 kilometres) to the south.
The statue of the god Amun was bathed with holy water, dressed in fine linen, and adorned in gold and silver jewellery. The priests then placed the god in a shrine and onto the ceremonial barque supported by poles for carrying. Pharaoh emerged from the temple, his priests carrying the barque on their shoulders, and together they moved into the crowded streets. A troop of Nubian soldiers serving as guards beat their drums, and musicians accompanied the priests in song as incense filled the air.
At Luxor, Pharaoh and his priests entered the temple and ceremonies were performed to regenerate Amun, recreate the cosmos and transfer Amun’s power to Pharaoh. When he finally emerged from the temple sanctuary, the vast crowds cheered him and celebrated the guaranteed fertility of the earth and the expectation of abundant harvests.
During the festival the people were given over 11000 loaves of bread and more than 385 jars of beer, and some were allowed into the temple to ask questions of the god. The priests spoke the answers through a concealed window high up in the wall, or from inside hollow statues.
The temple of Karnak was known as Ipet-isut (Most select of places) by the ancient Egyptians. It is a city of temples built over 2000 years and dedicated to the Theben triad of Amon, Mut and Khonsu.
This derelict place is still capable of overshadowing many of the wonders of the modern world and in its day must have been awe inspiring.
For the largely uneducated ancient Egyptian population this could only have been the place of the gods. It is the mother of all religious buildings, the largest ever made and a place of pilgrimage for nearly 4,000 years. Although todays pilgrims are mainly tourists. It covers about 200 acres 1.5km by 0.8km The area of the sacred enclosure of Amon alone is 61 acres and would hold ten average European cathedrals.The great temple at the heart of Karnak is so big, St Peter's, Milan and Notre Dame Cathedrals could be lost within its walls. The Hypostyle hall at 54,000 square feet with its 134 columns is still the largest room of any religious building in the world. In addition to the main sanctuary there are several smaller temples and a vast sacred lake.
Construction continued on this temple for more than two millennia under the belief that once building ceased, the temple "died." The temple was a closed compound, open only to the priests and the pharaoh. The common people could only enter the courtyard.
The key difference between Karnak and most of the other temples and sites in Egypt is the length of time over which it was developed and used. Construction work began in the 16th century BC. Approximately 30 pharaohs contributed to the buildings, enabling it to reach a size, complexity and diversity not seen elsewhere. Few of the individual features of Karnak are unique, but the size and number of features are overwhelming.
If you like this, You can check my Most Interesting Photos according to Flickr.
Statue of Ramesses II
The statue was usurped by Ramesses VI (1143-1136 BC) and later by Pinedjem I ,a High Priest (1070- 1032).
The king wears the nemes headdress with the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt and his arms are crossed, holding crook and flail; symbols of kingship.
At his feet, Princess Bent’anta holds a flower and wears an Uraeus crown of rearing cobras.
She was depicted on a statue usurped by Merenptah , her name has been variously recorded as Bintanath, Bint-Anath, and Bintanat.
Source;
discoveringegypt.com/karnak-temple/karnak-temple-great-co...
Karnak Temple / Upper Egypt / Luxor
Complejo de templos de Karnak.
Durante siglos, este lugar fue el más influyente centro religioso egipcio. El templo principal estaba dedicado al culto del dios Amón, pero como en otros templos egipcios también se veneraba a otras divinidades.
Existía también un lago sagrado, numerosos templetes y capillas de menor tamaño, y múltiples estancias y almacenes situados dentro de los muros que circundaban el recinto principal.
La diferencia principal entre el templo de Amón en Karnak, que Diodoro de Sicilia afirma ser el más antiguo de Tebas, y la mayoría de los templos egipcios es el tiempo y esfuerzo empleados en su construcción y posteriores ampliaciones. Unos treinta faraones contribuyeron con sus edificaciones convirtiendo al complejo en un conjunto,
El complejo de Karnak es el conjunto de culto religioso conocido más antiguo del mundo. Un enorme museo a cielo abierto que muestra importantes restos de la cultura del Antiguo Egipto. Después de las pirámides de Giza, es el segundo lugar más visitado de Egipto.
The Karnak Temple Complex — usually called simply Karnak — comprises a vast conglomeration of ruined temples, chapels, pylons and other buildings, notably the Great Temple of Amen and a massive structure begun by Pharaoh Amenhotep III (ca. 1391-1351 BC). It is located near Luxor, some 500 km south of Cairo, in Egypt. The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the Theban Triad with the god Amun as its head. It is part of the monumental city of Thebes. The Karnak complex takes its name from the nearby (and partly surrounded) modern village of el-Karnak, some 2.5 km north of Luxor.
Wikipedia
Painted cartouche on the ceiling of the Hypostyle Hall at Karnak, containing the 'Throne name' of Seti I 'Menmaatre'. The Hypostyle Hall was begun by Amenhotep III, decorated by Seti I and finished by Ramsses II.
Karnak (al-Karnak,الكرنك, "ciudad fortificada", llamada en el Antiguo Egipto Ipet sut, "el lugar más venerado") es una pequeña población de Egipto, situada en la ribera oriental del río Nilo, junto a Luxor. Era la zona de la antigua Tebas que albergaba el complejo religioso más importante del Antiguo Egipto.
Ipet sut:
Forma parte del conjunto denominado Antigua Tebas con sus necrópolis, declarado Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la Unesco en 1979. Es el conjunto de templos más grande de Egipto.
Durante siglos, este lugar fue el más influyente centro religioso egipcio. El templo principal estaba dedicado al culto del dios Amón, pero como en otros templos egipcios también se veneraba a otras divinidades.
El complejo de templos de Karnak lo componen:
el recinto de Amón-Ra,
el recinto de Montu,
el recinto de Mut,
el templo de Jonsu,
el templo de Opet,
el templo de Ptah.
Existía también un lago sagrado, numerosos templetes y capillas de menor tamaño, y múltiples estancias y almacenes situados dentro de los muros que circundaban el recinto principal.
La diferencia principal entre el templo de Amón en Karnak, que Diodoro de Sicilia afirma ser el más antiguo de Tebas, y la mayoría de los templos egipcios es el tiempo y esfuerzo empleados en su construcción y posteriores ampliaciones. Unos treinta faraones contribuyeron con sus edificaciones convirtiendo al complejo en un conjunto, que por su tamaño (unas treinta hectáreas), no se había conocido jamás.
La entrada, entre dos inmensos pilonos, está precedido por un dromos ("camino del dios") o avenida de esfinges, con cabeza de carnero, símbolos del dios Amón. Se accede a un gran patio porticado donde se encuentra, a la izquierda, un templete del faraón Sethy II, una de las columnas de Taharqo y la monumental estatua de Pinedyem I, a la derecha el templo de Ramsés III, al frente, la sala hipóstila, y un poco más al fondo, los obeliscos de Thutmose I y Hatshepsut; después hay una serie de estancias, con patios menores, y el santuario, a los que sólo tenían acceso el faraón y los sacerdotes.
La sala hipóstila de Karnak es una de las partes más singulares del conjunto religioso. Con 23 metros de altura, es un espacio arquitectónico cuya cubierta está sustentada por 134 gigantescas columnas que son más altas en las dos filas centrales, conformando un gran pasillo, cuya disposición posibilita iluminar desde el eje de la sala. Como material se utilizó la piedra, tallada en bloques que conforman los tambores de las columnas. Estas sustentaban en basas y terminaban en gigantescos capiteles papiriformes y campaniformes, sobre los cuales se apostaban enormes dinteles que sostenían una cubierta adintelada. Los fustes de tan colosales columnas se encontraban decorados con relieves polícromos, encargados de complementar la grandiosidad del lugar sagrado.
En el antiguo Egipto, la construcción de los templos se iniciaba siempre por el santuario, lo que significa que Karnak se comenzó por el centro y se terminó de construir por las entradas al recinto. Todo el conjunto estaba ricamente decorado y pintado en vivos colores.
Después de las pirámides de Guiza, es el segundo lugar más visitado de Egipto.
The Karnak Temple Complex—usually called Karnak ( /kɑːr.næk/[1])—comprises a vast mix of decayed temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings. Building at the complex began in the reign of Sesostris I in the Middle Kingdom and continued into the Ptolemaic period, although most of the extant buildings date from the New Kingdom. The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the eighteenth dynasty Theban Triad with the god Amun as its head. It is part of the monumental city of Thebes. The Karnak complex takes its name from the nearby, and partly surrounded, modern village of el-Karnak, some 2.5 km north of Luxor.
I templi egizi sono la principale attrazione di el-Karnak al punto che, comunemente, al nome "Karnak" viene generalmente associato più il sito archeologico che non il villaggio.
Il numero annuale di visitatori è secondo solo a quello della piramidi di Giza. Il complesso templare di Karnak è, di fatto, costituito da tre distinti recinti templari dedicati ad Amon, alla sua sposa divina Mut, ed al Dio locale Montu (dal corpo umano e dalla testa di falco) il cui culto fu particolarmente in auge nel corso della XI Dinastia (in tal senso rammentiamo i sovrani di nome Montuhotep, della XI dinastia, cui seguiranno, con la XII, Re il cui nome teoforo farà riferimento ad Amon, altra divinità minore tebana facente capo alla c.d. Ogdoaede Ermopolitana, come, ad esempio, Amenhemat). In linea generale, sono riscontrabili quattro parti principali di cui solo una accessibile ai turisti ed al pubblico in generale.
Grande tempio di Amon (visitabile)
Tempio di Montu (chiuso al pubblico)
Tempio di Mut
Tempio di Amenhotep IV (smantellato - chiuso al pubblico)
The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak (/ˈkɑːr.næk/, from Arabic Ka-Ranak meaning "fortified village", comprises a vast mix of decayed temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings in Egypt. Construction at the complex began during the reign of Senusret I in the Middle Kingdom and continued into the Ptolemaic period, although most of the extant buildings date from the New Kingdom. The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut "The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the eighteenth dynasty Theban Triad with the god Amun as its head. It is part of the monumental city of Thebes. The Karnak complex gives its name to the nearby, and partly surrounded, modern village of El-Karnak, 2.5 kilometres (1.6 miles) north of Luxor.
View through the first court of the temple of Amun of Karnak, towards the Second Pylon and Hypostyle Hall . Taharqa of the 25th Dyansty built a large kiosk of 10 open papyrus columns linked by low screen walls. It was usurped by Psammetichus and restored by the Ptolemies, but only one large column survives now on the right of the picture, together with the large block of calcite in the foreground. Two statues of New Kingdom Pharaohs, probably Ramsses II, and the feet of two further colossi of the same king front the gateway of the Second Pylon. The Second Pylon was begun by Horemheb, and completed by Seti I. It contained many talatat from the demolished temple of Akhenaten.
Dintel representando a Amenhotep I y Amenhotep II frente a unas esfinges ofertándolas. Deir el-Medina.
Delante de la esfinge de la derecha se lee Amon-Ra en Ipet-Reshut, cuyo templo está ubicado en la orilla opuesta, justo enfrente de Deir el Medina (como el Amon de Karnak que se coloca frente a Deir el Bahri otro templo de Hathor). Ambos llevan la diadema sheshed rematada por un uraeus. Originalmente los cuerpos y pelucas estaban pintados de color azul.
Hallado en el Khénou de Ramsés II, puerta norte, habitación nº 9 (templo reutilizado por la XIX Dinastía??)
JE 72032
The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak (/ˈkɑr.næk/[1]), comprises a vast mix of decayed temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings. Building at the complex began during the reign of Senusret I in the Middle Kingdom and continued into the Ptolemaic period, although most of the extant buildings date from the New Kingdom. The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the eighteenth dynasty Theban Triad with the god Amun as its head. It is part of the monumental city of Thebes. The Karnak complex gives its name to the nearby, and partly surrounded, modern village of El-Karnak, 2.5 kilometres (1.6 miles) north of Luxor.
The history of the Karnak complex is largely the history of Thebes and its changing role in the culture. Religious centers varied by region and with the establishment of the current capital of the unified culture that changed several times. The city of Thebes does not appear to have been of great significance before the Eleventh Dynasty and previous temple building here would have been relatively small, with shrines being dedicated to the early deities of Thebes, the Earth goddess Mut and Montu. Early building was destroyed by invaders. The earliest known artifact found in the area of the temple is a small, eight-sided temple from the Eleventh Dynasty, which mentions Amun-Re. Amun (sometimes called Amen) was long the local tutelary deity of Thebes. He was identified with the Ram and the Goose. The Egyptian meaning of Amun is, "hidden" or, the "hidden god".[5]
Major construction work in the Precinct of Amun-Re took place during the Eighteenth dynasty when Thebes became the capital of the unified Ancient Egypt.
Thutmose I erected an enclosure wall connecting the Fourth and Fifth pylons, which comprise the earliest part of the temple still standing in situ. Construction of the Hypostyle Hall also may have begun during the eighteenth dynasty, although most new building was undertaken under Seti I and Ramesses II.
Almost every pharaoh of that dynasty has added something to the temple site. Merneptah commemorated his victories over the Sea Peoples on the walls of the Cachette Court, the start of the processional route to the Luxor Temple.
Hatshepsut had monuments constructed and also restored the original Precinct of Mut, the ancient great goddess of Egypt, that had been ravaged by the foreign rulers during the Hyksos occupation. She had twin obelisks, at the time the tallest in the world, erected at the entrance to the temple. One still stands, as the tallest surviving ancient obelisk on Earth; the other has broken in two and toppled. Another of her projects at the site, Karnak's Red Chapel, or Chapelle Rouge, was intended as a barque shrine and originally, may have stood between her two obelisks. She later ordered the construction of two more obelisks to celebrate her sixteenth year as pharaoh; one of the obelisks broke during construction, and thus, a third was constructed to replace it. The broken obelisk was left at its quarrying site in Aswan, where it still remains. Known as The Unfinished Obelisk, it demonstrates how obelisks were quarried.[6]
The last major change to Precinct of Amun-Re's layout was the addition of the first pylon and the massive enclosure walls that surround the whole Precinct, both constructed by Nectanebo I.
In 323 AD, Constantine the Great recognised the Christian religion, and in 356 Constantius II ordered the closing of pagan temples throughout the empire. Karnak was by this time mostly abandoned, and Christian churches were founded among the ruins, the most famous example of this is the reuse of the Festival Hall of Thutmose III's central hall, where painted decorations of saints and Coptic inscriptions can still be seen.
Karnak (al-Karnak,الكرنك, "ciudad fortificada", llamada en el Antiguo Egipto Ipet sut, "el lugar más venerado") es una pequeña población de Egipto, situada en la ribera oriental del río Nilo, junto a Luxor. Era la zona de la antigua Tebas que albergaba el complejo religioso más importante del Antiguo Egipto.
Ipet sut:
Forma parte del conjunto denominado Antigua Tebas con sus necrópolis, declarado Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la Unesco en 1979. Es el conjunto de templos más grande de Egipto.
Durante siglos, este lugar fue el más influyente centro religioso egipcio. El templo principal estaba dedicado al culto del dios Amón, pero como en otros templos egipcios también se veneraba a otras divinidades.
El complejo de templos de Karnak lo componen:
el recinto de Amón-Ra,
el recinto de Montu,
el recinto de Mut,
el templo de Jonsu,
el templo de Opet,
el templo de Ptah.
Existía también un lago sagrado, numerosos templetes y capillas de menor tamaño, y múltiples estancias y almacenes situados dentro de los muros que circundaban el recinto principal.
La diferencia principal entre el templo de Amón en Karnak, que Diodoro de Sicilia afirma ser el más antiguo de Tebas, y la mayoría de los templos egipcios es el tiempo y esfuerzo empleados en su construcción y posteriores ampliaciones. Unos treinta faraones contribuyeron con sus edificaciones convirtiendo al complejo en un conjunto, que por su tamaño (unas treinta hectáreas), no se había conocido jamás.
La entrada, entre dos inmensos pilonos, está precedido por un dromos ("camino del dios") o avenida de esfinges, con cabeza de carnero, símbolos del dios Amón. Se accede a un gran patio porticado donde se encuentra, a la izquierda, un templete del faraón Sethy II, una de las columnas de Taharqo y la monumental estatua de Pinedyem I, a la derecha el templo de Ramsés III, al frente, la sala hipóstila, y un poco más al fondo, los obeliscos de Thutmose I y Hatshepsut; después hay una serie de estancias, con patios menores, y el santuario, a los que sólo tenían acceso el faraón y los sacerdotes.
La sala hipóstila de Karnak es una de las partes más singulares del conjunto religioso. Con 23 metros de altura, es un espacio arquitectónico cuya cubierta está sustentada por 134 gigantescas columnas que son más altas en las dos filas centrales, conformando un gran pasillo, cuya disposición posibilita iluminar desde el eje de la sala. Como material se utilizó la piedra, tallada en bloques que conforman los tambores de las columnas. Estas sustentaban en basas y terminaban en gigantescos capiteles papiriformes y campaniformes, sobre los cuales se apostaban enormes dinteles que sostenían una cubierta adintelada. Los fustes de tan colosales columnas se encontraban decorados con relieves polícromos, encargados de complementar la grandiosidad del lugar sagrado.
En el antiguo Egipto, la construcción de los templos se iniciaba siempre por el santuario, lo que significa que Karnak se comenzó por el centro y se terminó de construir por las entradas al recinto. Todo el conjunto estaba ricamente decorado y pintado en vivos colores.
Después de las pirámides de Guiza, es el segundo lugar más visitado de Egipto.
The Karnak Temple Complex—usually called Karnak ( /kɑːr.næk/[1])—comprises a vast mix of decayed temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings. Building at the complex began in the reign of Sesostris I in the Middle Kingdom and continued into the Ptolemaic period, although most of the extant buildings date from the New Kingdom. The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the eighteenth dynasty Theban Triad with the god Amun as its head. It is part of the monumental city of Thebes. The Karnak complex takes its name from the nearby, and partly surrounded, modern village of el-Karnak, some 2.5 km north of Luxor.
I templi egizi sono la principale attrazione di el-Karnak al punto che, comunemente, al nome "Karnak" viene generalmente associato più il sito archeologico che non il villaggio.
Il numero annuale di visitatori è secondo solo a quello della piramidi di Giza. Il complesso templare di Karnak è, di fatto, costituito da tre distinti recinti templari dedicati ad Amon, alla sua sposa divina Mut, ed al Dio locale Montu (dal corpo umano e dalla testa di falco) il cui culto fu particolarmente in auge nel corso della XI Dinastia (in tal senso rammentiamo i sovrani di nome Montuhotep, della XI dinastia, cui seguiranno, con la XII, Re il cui nome teoforo farà riferimento ad Amon, altra divinità minore tebana facente capo alla c.d. Ogdoaede Ermopolitana, come, ad esempio, Amenhemat). In linea generale, sono riscontrabili quattro parti principali di cui solo una accessibile ai turisti ed al pubblico in generale.
Grande tempio di Amon (visitabile)
Tempio di Montu (chiuso al pubblico)
Tempio di Mut
Tempio di Amenhotep IV (smantellato - chiuso al pubblico)
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International Conference on Clinical PET and Molecular Nuclear Medicine (IPET 2011). Vienna, Austria, 8 November 2011
Copyright: IAEA Imagebank
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA