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Photo of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” exhibition and cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.
Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.
The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
This 17th century facade gives little indication of the gothic structure immediately behind it! (see the following for a better overall view www.flickr.com/photos/jeroen020/586653080/ ) Over the door can be seen a large relief of the Martyrdom of St Stephen, the cathedral's patron, which appears to have been thoroughly hacked away by Revolutionary vandals (the medieval sculptures of the north transept portal suffered a similar fate). Several large statues were also destroyed (note the empty niches).
The cathedral of St Etienne in Chalons sur Marne (renamed the more tourist friendly Chalons en Champagne in 1998) is unusual amongst French cathedrals in that it barely registers on the city's skyline, having no major tower or spire (the two pyramid capped belfries on the transepts barely extend above roof level). There once was a lofty steeple over the crossing, but this collapsed in the 17th century, damaging the choir which still betrays baroque alterations to this day, as does the west facade completed at this time (which looks oddly stuck on to the gothic structure behind).
The bulk of the cathedral dates from the 13th & 14th centuries and the nave posseses some fine stained glass from both ends of the gothic era.
The Thirty-Ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 23 to April 26, 2018.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 23 to April 26, 2018.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 23 to April 26, 2018.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Cemil Başpınar, President of the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office (TURKPATENT), delivers remarks at the inauguration of the “Harvesting Hope: Empowering Earthquake Affected Provinces through Geographical Indications” exhibition, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Türkiye.
Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, the exhibition featured origin-based products from Türkiye that benefit from geographical indication protection (GIs) – which helps them reach global markets, providing opportunities and jobs to communities, including in difficult times.
The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 6-14, 2023.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 23 to April 26, 2018.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
History of Kraków
First indications of the existence of Krakow approximately stem from the 7th century. In the next following centuries the tribe of Vistulans (Wislanie) populated Krakow, after they centuries ago in the as "Lesser Poland" or Malopolska known region had settled down. From the year 965 stems the first document from Krakow, as Abraham ben Jacob of Cordova, a Jewish merchant, in his book referred to the trading center of Krakow.
In 1000, the Diocese of Krakow was founded and in 1038 declared capital of the Piast dynasty. The Wawel castle and several churches were built in the 11th century and thus the town rapidly grew. 1241 the Mongols invaded the city and burned down Krakow without exception. 1138 Krakow became the seat of the senior prince. 1257 Kraków was awarded its town charter and a city map was drawn up, which remained until today. This one included the arrangement of the checkerboard street configuration with a centrally located market. On the market following the seat of the city government was built. From the historical trading functions until today only the Cloth Halls remained. But on the market not only trade agreements were closed but also courtly and urban festivities celebrated. Furthermore, the urban center served for executions. The defensive walls were built, which surrounded the city and linked it to the Wawel. In the south of Wawel Castle in 1335 the city of Kazimierz was created. By Royal command it was surrounded by defense walls and the churches of St. Catherine, of Corpus Christi and the "Na Skalce" were built. End of the 15th century, Jews settled the later Cracow district. 1364 the Cracow Academy of King Kazimierz Wielki was founded, the famous Polish Jagellonen-University.
With the last king of Jagellonian dynasty, Krakow flourished. The Wawel castle was rebuilt in Renaissance style, the well known Zygmunt chapel was built and the Cloth Halls as well as the patrician houses have been restored. During the reign of King Sigismund III. Vasa the baroque style received introduction in Krakow. The Baroque University Church of St. Anne and the Church of Saints Peter and Paul were built in this period. In 1607 Warsaw was declared headquarters of the King, but Krakow retained its title of the Royal capital. Furthermore, it remained the place of coronations and funerals. Middle of the 17th century, the city was devastated by the Swedes, what at the beginning of the 18th century was produced again.
After the first partition of Poland, Krakow became a frontier town. Austria declared the settlement Podgorze separated city. After the second division in 1794, began the Polish national uprising. After its decline and the third partition of Poland the town fell to the Austrians, which on Wawel Hill caused numerous devastations and adapted buildings to the wishes and needs of the Army. 1809 Cracow was affiliated to the Grand Duchy of Warsaw. After the defeat of Napoleon, Krakow in the Vienna Convention of 1815 was declared Free City of Kraków. Then the remains of folk hero Tadeusz Kosciuszko and of Prince Jozef Poniatowski were brought back to the city. 1820-1823 on the rise of St. Bronislava a hill in honor of the leader of the popular uprising was built. Instead of the city walls, which were largely destroyed, they laid out supporting beams. 1846 Krakow lost its independence and the Austrians erected again on the Wawel barracks and they surrounded the Wawel with fortification complexes. However, Austria but has proved less tyrannical and so the city enjoyed a certain degree of growing cultural and political freedom. 1918 Krakow became the independence back.
Before the outbreak of the Second World War, in Krakow lived about 260,000 inhabitants, of which 65,000 belonged to the Jewish religion. During the war, also Krakow became witness of German war crimes. The for the greater part Jewish district of Kazimierz was eradicated. The Jews from now on lived in ghettos where they either were deported from there to Auschwitz or immediately shot. In spite of the plundering of the Nazis, Krakow became no scene for military combat operations and thus the only large Polish town escaping this fate. Therefore, its old architecture still almost completely is intact.
After the surrender of Germany and the Polish liberation, hastened the Communist government to inspire the traditional life and the city with a large steel plant in Nowa Huta. But the intensive rebuilding of the economy and industry rather promoted an ecological disaster. Buildings that had survived the war undamaged were now devoured and destroyed by acid rain and toxic gases. Carbon dioxide emissions grew so powerful that this has remained a serious and grave problem of the city. After the fall of the Communists and the fall of the Iron Curtain Krakow has benefited greatly from tourism and has adapted itself to a large extent to the Western culture.
The Embassy of Italy promotes Geographical Indications and Denominations of Protected Origin on the American market (Washington DC - December 16, 2019).
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Tis that time of year again. The trees showing off with all their brightly coloured blossoms. Taunting us all with the indication that spring has sprung and summer is just about to pounce. And it does pounce. Like an arthritic aardvark with asthma. You can just sense that summer is sitting at the bottom of the stairs puffing and wheezing. Asking for just five more minutes till it gets up there.
And it does. Eventually. It makes it's appearance in a magnificent form of effervescence. And then it dies. Horrible. With rain streaming down it's tear stained face and it gasping it's horrific death rattle. Leaving only darkness and despair.
So just like last year's summer.
If it wasn't for the weather we'd only have the news, the government, the food, the telly, the people on the telly, and the people in the papers who are also on the telly, to complain about.
But at least the trees are lookgin pretty.
For now.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Photo of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” exhibition and cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.
Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.
The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Photo of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” exhibition and cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.
Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.
The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
NS 4243 with a bunch of loaded Autoracks and other pieces of rolling stock further on back can be seen here sitting idle waiting for a signal indication to proceed on forward on the Cincinnati Terminal Subdivision at Winton Place in Cincinnati, OH. 8-16-21
Photo of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” exhibition and cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.
Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.
The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Forty-First Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 8 to April 11, 2019.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
History of Kraków
First indications of the existence of Krakow approximately stem from the 7th century. In the next following centuries the tribe of Vistulans (Wislanie) populated Krakow, after they centuries ago in the as "Lesser Poland" or Malopolska known region had settled down. From the year 965 stems the first document from Krakow, as Abraham ben Jacob of Cordova, a Jewish merchant, in his book referred to the trading center of Krakow.
In 1000, the Diocese of Krakow was founded and in 1038 declared capital of the Piast dynasty. The Wawel castle and several churches were built in the 11th century and thus the town rapidly grew. 1241 the Mongols invaded the city and burned down Krakow without exception. 1138 Krakow became the seat of the senior prince. 1257 Kraków was awarded its town charter and a city map was drawn up, which remained until today. This one included the arrangement of the checkerboard street configuration with a centrally located market. On the market following the seat of the city government was built. From the historical trading functions until today only the Cloth Halls remained. But on the market not only trade agreements were closed but also courtly and urban festivities celebrated. Furthermore, the urban center served for executions. The defensive walls were built, which surrounded the city and linked it to the Wawel. In the south of Wawel Castle in 1335 the city of Kazimierz was created. By Royal command it was surrounded by defense walls and the churches of St. Catherine, of Corpus Christi and the "Na Skalce" were built. End of the 15th century, Jews settled the later Cracow district. 1364 the Cracow Academy of King Kazimierz Wielki was founded, the famous Polish Jagellonen-University.
With the last king of Jagellonian dynasty, Krakow flourished. The Wawel castle was rebuilt in Renaissance style, the well known Zygmunt chapel was built and the Cloth Halls as well as the patrician houses have been restored. During the reign of King Sigismund III. Vasa the baroque style received introduction in Krakow. The Baroque University Church of St. Anne and the Church of Saints Peter and Paul were built in this period. In 1607 Warsaw was declared headquarters of the King, but Krakow retained its title of the Royal capital. Furthermore, it remained the place of coronations and funerals. Middle of the 17th century, the city was devastated by the Swedes, what at the beginning of the 18th century was produced again.
After the first partition of Poland, Krakow became a frontier town. Austria declared the settlement Podgorze separated city. After the second division in 1794, began the Polish national uprising. After its decline and the third partition of Poland the town fell to the Austrians, which on Wawel Hill caused numerous devastations and adapted buildings to the wishes and needs of the Army. 1809 Cracow was affiliated to the Grand Duchy of Warsaw. After the defeat of Napoleon, Krakow in the Vienna Convention of 1815 was declared Free City of Kraków. Then the remains of folk hero Tadeusz Kosciuszko and of Prince Jozef Poniatowski were brought back to the city. 1820-1823 on the rise of St. Bronislava a hill in honor of the leader of the popular uprising was built. Instead of the city walls, which were largely destroyed, they laid out supporting beams. 1846 Krakow lost its independence and the Austrians erected again on the Wawel barracks and they surrounded the Wawel with fortification complexes. However, Austria but has proved less tyrannical and so the city enjoyed a certain degree of growing cultural and political freedom. 1918 Krakow became the independence back.
Before the outbreak of the Second World War, in Krakow lived about 260,000 inhabitants, of which 65,000 belonged to the Jewish religion. During the war, also Krakow became witness of German war crimes. The for the greater part Jewish district of Kazimierz was eradicated. The Jews from now on lived in ghettos where they either were deported from there to Auschwitz or immediately shot. In spite of the plundering of the Nazis, Krakow became no scene for military combat operations and thus the only large Polish town escaping this fate. Therefore, its old architecture still almost completely is intact.
After the surrender of Germany and the Polish liberation, hastened the Communist government to inspire the traditional life and the city with a large steel plant in Nowa Huta. But the intensive rebuilding of the economy and industry rather promoted an ecological disaster. Buildings that had survived the war undamaged were now devoured and destroyed by acid rain and toxic gases. Carbon dioxide emissions grew so powerful that this has remained a serious and grave problem of the city. After the fall of the Communists and the fall of the Iron Curtain Krakow has benefited greatly from tourism and has adapted itself to a large extent to the Western culture.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Under Mary I, Sir Gawen Carew (c.1503-85) was one of the west country gentlemen who disliked government policy and resented Spanish influence, though there is no indication that his name was removed from the lists of gentlemen pensioners, even when, following Sir Peter Carew’s implication in Wyatt’s rebellion of 1554, he was put in the Tower on a charge of treason. After an absence from Parliament during Mary’s reign, he came in for Plympton Erle in Elizabeth’s first House of Commons, probably through the intervention of the end Earl of Bedford. In the following Parliament Carew was elected for the county. His only recorded parliamentary activity in his two Elizabethan Parliaments is his membership of the succession committee, 31 Oct. 1566.
With the Earl of Bedford and Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, Carew was active at the beginning of Elizabeth’s reign in helping to strengthen the new Queen’s position on the throne, he and his third wife receiving as reward in 1565 an annuity of 100 marks in survivorship. Though his name still appears on a Household list in 1559, he resided in the west country, where he was one of the radical protestants associated with the Earl of Bedford. On one occasion he and his nephew Sir Peter were together responsible at Exeter for escorting the bishop of Exeter, the ‘earnest preacher’ William Alley, to the pulpit and guarding him against the citizens, who disliked his ‘much inveighing against false doctrines’. Alley appointed both Carews overseers of his will.
Carew’s connexions with Exeter were close. In 1562 he wrote to the mayor recommending ‘my man’ for the post of keeper of the cloth hall; the following year he bought the wardship of an Exeter heir; in 1574 he was granted an annual fee of £2 by the city; and a year or so later he was authorized by the Exchequer to search into the import of wines at Exeter. When he superintended the execution of an order relating to the harbour controversy there, he was given a hogshead of wine by the city. His brother George became dean of Exeter.
In his will, made 11 Oct. 1582, Carew named Bedford as ‘ruler and overseer’, bequeathing him a cup of silver gilt ‘in token of the great love and good will that I have borne and do bear unto his lordship’. Carew left his lands, after the death of the widow, the executrix, to a relative, George Carew of Laughline, Ireland. The will was proved 30 June 1585.
Sir Peter Carew was an English soldier who was slain at the Battle of Glenmalure in Ireland. He was a member of a prominent Devonshire gentry family. He is sometimes referred to as Sir Peter Carew the younger, to distinguish him from his first cousin Sir Peter Carew of Mohuns Ottery, Luppitt, Devon. Wikipedia
Carew is associated with An extravagant two-tiered tomb monument in the Chapel of St John the Evangelist in Exeter Cathedral, of which the primary commemorative subjects are his uncle, Sir Gawen Carew (c.1508–1584), and Sir Gawen's third wife, Elizabeth née Norwich (d. 1594), a Lady of the Bedchamber to Elizabeth I. (Sir Gawen’s second wife Mary is wrongly identified on the plaque accompanying the tomb.) The monument was erected in 1589, and heavily restored in 1857. In addition to effigies of Sir Gawen and Elizabeth, it displays much strapwork decoration and heraldry, including 27 shields containing 52 distinct coats of arms marshalled in a total of 359 impalements and quarterings. The whole forms "an elaborate shrine to Carew ancestry and kinship".
A prominent Latin inscription formerly on the monument's pediment explicitly commemorated Sir Peter, but is now lost. It began "Hic scitus est praeter nobilis vir Petrus Carew eques Auratus ..." ("Here too lies the illustrious man Peter Carew, knight ..."), raising the possibility that his body, or some token part of it, was recovered from the battlefield at Glenmalure and returned to Exeter for burial.
A third effigy, occupying a recess at the base of the monument, is dressed in armour and posed in a cross-legged attitude suggestive of the 14th century; and it has long been believed that this represents Sir Peter in the guise of a fallen warrior. The identification is supported by another painted inscription, which survives in restored form running around three sides of the cornice, and which alludes to "... Sir Peter Carew Knyght, under figured ...". However, the inscription is not original to the monument (it can date from no earlier than 1605), and it now appears considerably more likely that the cross-legged figure was intended to represent Adam Montgomery de Carew, the semi-legendary progenitor of the Carew family.
No indication of location but a message on the reverse reads - " Hope you will like this - Clarice "
WIPO Director General Daren Tang delivers remarks at the inauguration of the “Harvesting Hope: Empowering Earthquake Affected Provinces through Geographical Indications” exhibition, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Türkiye.
Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, the exhibition featured origin-based products from Türkiye that benefit from geographical indication protection (GIs) – which helps them reach global markets, providing opportunities and jobs to communities, including in difficult times.
The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 6-14, 2023.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Thirty-Fourth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 16 to November 18, 2015.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Fourth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 16 to November 18, 2015.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Photo of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” exhibition and cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.
Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.
The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Photo of the “Harvesting Hope: Empowering Earthquake Affected Provinces through Geographical Indications” exhibition, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Türkiye.
Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, the exhibition featured origin-based products from Türkiye that benefit from geographical indication protection (GIs) – which helps them reach global markets, providing opportunities and jobs to communities, including in difficult times.
The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 6-14, 2023.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Seventh Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from March 27 to March 30, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
History of Kraków
First indications of the existence of Krakow approximately stem from the 7th century. In the next following centuries the tribe of Vistulans (Wislanie) populated Krakow, after they centuries ago in the as "Lesser Poland" or Malopolska known region had settled down. From the year 965 stems the first document from Krakow, as Abraham ben Jacob of Cordova, a Jewish merchant, in his book referred to the trading center of Krakow.
In 1000, the Diocese of Krakow was founded and in 1038 declared capital of the Piast dynasty. The Wawel castle and several churches were built in the 11th century and thus the town rapidly grew. 1241 the Mongols invaded the city and burned down Krakow without exception. 1138 Krakow became the seat of the senior prince. 1257 Kraków was awarded its town charter and a city map was drawn up, which remained until today. This one included the arrangement of the checkerboard street configuration with a centrally located market. On the market following the seat of the city government was built. From the historical trading functions until today only the Cloth Halls remained. But on the market not only trade agreements were closed but also courtly and urban festivities celebrated. Furthermore, the urban center served for executions. The defensive walls were built, which surrounded the city and linked it to the Wawel. In the south of Wawel Castle in 1335 the city of Kazimierz was created. By Royal command it was surrounded by defense walls and the churches of St. Catherine, of Corpus Christi and the "Na Skalce" were built. End of the 15th century, Jews settled the later Cracow district. 1364 the Cracow Academy of King Kazimierz Wielki was founded, the famous Polish Jagellonen-University.
With the last king of Jagellonian dynasty, Krakow flourished. The Wawel castle was rebuilt in Renaissance style, the well known Zygmunt chapel was built and the Cloth Halls as well as the patrician houses have been restored. During the reign of King Sigismund III. Vasa the baroque style received introduction in Krakow. The Baroque University Church of St. Anne and the Church of Saints Peter and Paul were built in this period. In 1607 Warsaw was declared headquarters of the King, but Krakow retained its title of the Royal capital. Furthermore, it remained the place of coronations and funerals. Middle of the 17th century, the city was devastated by the Swedes, what at the beginning of the 18th century was produced again.
After the first partition of Poland, Krakow became a frontier town. Austria declared the settlement Podgorze separated city. After the second division in 1794, began the Polish national uprising. After its decline and the third partition of Poland the town fell to the Austrians, which on Wawel Hill caused numerous devastations and adapted buildings to the wishes and needs of the Army. 1809 Cracow was affiliated to the Grand Duchy of Warsaw. After the defeat of Napoleon, Krakow in the Vienna Convention of 1815 was declared Free City of Kraków. Then the remains of folk hero Tadeusz Kosciuszko and of Prince Jozef Poniatowski were brought back to the city. 1820-1823 on the rise of St. Bronislava a hill in honor of the leader of the popular uprising was built. Instead of the city walls, which were largely destroyed, they laid out supporting beams. 1846 Krakow lost its independence and the Austrians erected again on the Wawel barracks and they surrounded the Wawel with fortification complexes. However, Austria but has proved less tyrannical and so the city enjoyed a certain degree of growing cultural and political freedom. 1918 Krakow became the independence back.
Before the outbreak of the Second World War, in Krakow lived about 260,000 inhabitants, of which 65,000 belonged to the Jewish religion. During the war, also Krakow became witness of German war crimes. The for the greater part Jewish district of Kazimierz was eradicated. The Jews from now on lived in ghettos where they either were deported from there to Auschwitz or immediately shot. In spite of the plundering of the Nazis, Krakow became no scene for military combat operations and thus the only large Polish town escaping this fate. Therefore, its old architecture still almost completely is intact.
After the surrender of Germany and the Polish liberation, hastened the Communist government to inspire the traditional life and the city with a large steel plant in Nowa Huta. But the intensive rebuilding of the economy and industry rather promoted an ecological disaster. Buildings that had survived the war undamaged were now devoured and destroyed by acid rain and toxic gases. Carbon dioxide emissions grew so powerful that this has remained a serious and grave problem of the city. After the fall of the Communists and the fall of the Iron Curtain Krakow has benefited greatly from tourism and has adapted itself to a large extent to the Western culture.
Photo of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” exhibition and cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.
Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.
The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Thirty-Sixth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 17 to October 19, 2016.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License..
Particular Aspects That Add to The Development of Diabetes Particular aspects that add to the development of diabetes are Weight problems Weight problems is among the primary reasons for diabetes. Research studies reveal that 60 to 85 % of diabetics have the tendency to be obese. In the United
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
and as another indication that it's really time to Batten Down The Hatches, odin has learned when he's not taking a nap that he can tip over his diaper pail ( which is actually the one-step trash can that we puchased on our First Family Field Trip the day after arriving home from the nicu )!
fun!
This lens is called Synthetic Purple.
inner doublet, missing a red metal rimmed roundel that is inserted in the hole of this lens on the stepped side which is 1 5/8 dia. and is chamfered at this widest point to just near 1 1/4 which looks seated ,
Thank you, Steve Cherry. For the opportunity to obtain this lens
for the lens folder.
and Thank you Zachary again for adding your comment
about this odd lens .
cite: paddy fitz for "Synthetic Purple"
Thank you Railroad signals of the U.S. web site.
Had it not been for paddy fitz commenting about my use
of the "C" word, that most non railroaders use to describe
purple.
his mentioning the word "synthetic purple"
led me to the Railroad signals of the U.S. web site
in which the moderator Todd, felt inclined to share his comments of
his run in with another knowledgeable collector . regarding the "incorrect" term, or is it? (cobalt) aka "C" word, is simply a great must read!
which nerves some in the railroad signalling and collector groups .
However all these forums do in fact bring out correct
historical tidbits, its cutting through the white noise
and rooting out the meaty parts that
brought the below information together that discuses
Purple its use and strange alteration concoctions in early electric color light signalling that's not wildly known.
Thanks guys. and yes this is and its variants are rare and the use of this red center purple is not system wide.
other sources state "hot pink"
however Synthetic purple does hit on web searches however
a glitch in google books will not allow you to pin point the discussion about synthetic purple as google targets "primary batteries" story , i nearly read the whole book finally discovering the synthetic purple story days later .
Enjoy the information as i presented it word for word
comma to period from the book verbatim below.
January, 1936
Railway Signalling and communications, Volume 28
Two Parts ----- part two.
"What information is available as to the use of improved types of signal
glasses to provide a more satisfactory purple aspect?"
Red Center Purple
B.J. Schwendt
Assistant signal engineer, New York Central, Cleveland Ohio.
We have solved our difficulty on color-light dwarf signals by using what we call
a Red-centered purple.
With the regular full purple lens, even with the highest transmission,
it was almost necessary to use a 40-watt instead of an 18-watt
lamp to produce a daylight indication of sufficient range
to cover the stopping distance under the permissible speed
at such signals. This complicated the manner of supplying the standby battery
for such signals. After experimenting in 1928, we hit on the idea of the red-centered purple, which not only made it possible for to use the standard electric lamp on these color-light dwarfs, but also increased the range of visibility.
The following information states the details of this "more satisfactory purple lens"
for color-light dwarf signals:
1, The red center 1 15/64 in, in diameter and is applied to the 3 5/8
inner unit of the doublet lens, which is the color unit.
2, This lens gives about 900 ft. daylight indication under the most adverse sunlight
conditions, whereas our regular purple gives about 500 ft.. wattage and other conditions remaining the same.
3, The electric lamp used is the standard for color-light dwarf signal namely 8- volt
18-watt , rebased PS-16 bulb burning at 7.5 volts .
4, Under bright sunlight conditions, this particular lens
Looks like a poor red ; that is, the purple portion looks bluish and is difficult to see.
By night it looks like a real purple at 300 ft , the red becoming more predominant
as the distance from the signal increases. By night the regular purple looks quite blue, the slight red showing up only at greater distances from the signal.
5, Tests were conducted on a similar purple unit with a red center , only
27/32 in , in diameter. This shortened the range slightly as compared with the large red center, reducing it from 910 to 730 ft and reducing the predominance
of the red previously mentioned.
6, on a cloudy day the comparative ranges are as follows.
Large red center purple- 2000 ft.
Small red center purple- 1600 ft .
Our regular all purple- 1100 ft .
Comments of a manufacturer:
W.N. Manuel
Manager Corning Glass Works ,Railroad , Marine & Traffic division, Corning
N.Y.
Purple, as a signal indication, will probably always be restricted to short range
visibility.
With a kerosene light source , purple is distinctive for a short range night
indication but the the glass appears blue when used as a Mazda lamp
burning near normal voltage.
Electric purple of much greater saturation may be successfully used
as a short range night signal indication, but the range is not sufficient for day light
indication.
A synthetic purple, for use of the doublet lens combination, as manufactured for the signal companies, is in use on the New York Central lines west.
an electric purple disk, having a minimum transmission of 30 per cent,
is used in the searchlight type signal,and its performance may also be obtained
from the New York Central Lines east.
The electric purples are included in the A.A.R.
signal section specification 69-35.
The synthetic purple consists of a red and purple glass
combination , of a predetermined ratio of color area to produce the desired color range within its limitation.
This combination offers at present the best solution for improving
the purple indication.
A Combination Satisfactory:
F.C. Stewart
signal engineer, Elgin Joliet and Eastern
Joliet Ill.
pg 438.
We have never been able to secure a satisfactory
purple for night indication for dwarf signals; consequently,
we resorted to the expedient of inserting a 1 1/4 in diameter red glass disk
in the center of the 5 3/8 in diameter purple roundel .
We think this greatly improved our night indications and the enginemen
liked the change.
on our first installation of color-light dwarf signals of the searchlight type,
we found the stop indication to be very unsatisfactory, especially during the very bright daylight.
We asked the manufacturers to provide red disks with 1/4 in horizontal purple glass stripes through the centers.
The disks were mounted so that the 1/4 in would be horizontal when the signals were in the stop position.
This practice greatly improved the stop indications, as the signal gave the appearance of a red light with a purple halo, or a purple light with a red halo.
either type gave a workable indication.
We do not believe that, in the present state of the art , a satisfactory
purple indication be secured and would prefer a dark red for the stop
indication on dwarf signals.
However , they are made much more frequently than the old custom
of periodic night checks.
When the color- light signals are used, it is the practice
to change lamps periodically so that lamps are burned according
to their rated life.
Consequently, a reported "light out" failure rarely occurs.
With the modern color-light signal, means are provided for focusing
the light in the daytime so that we are assured of good daylight and night indications.
**** NOTE! The above information is well cited for source credit and the information on this page is for educational and historical purposes .
The Forty-First Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 8 to April 11, 2019.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.