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The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Seventh Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from March 27 to March 30, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
History of Kraków
First indications of the existence of Krakow approximately stem from the 7th century. In the next following centuries the tribe of Vistulans (Wislanie) populated Krakow, after they centuries ago in the as "Lesser Poland" or Malopolska known region had settled down. From the year 965 stems the first document from Krakow, as Abraham ben Jacob of Cordova, a Jewish merchant, in his book referred to the trading center of Krakow.
In 1000, the Diocese of Krakow was founded and in 1038 declared capital of the Piast dynasty. The Wawel castle and several churches were built in the 11th century and thus the town rapidly grew. 1241 the Mongols invaded the city and burned down Krakow without exception. 1138 Krakow became the seat of the senior prince. 1257 Kraków was awarded its town charter and a city map was drawn up, which remained until today. This one included the arrangement of the checkerboard street configuration with a centrally located market. On the market following the seat of the city government was built. From the historical trading functions until today only the Cloth Halls remained. But on the market not only trade agreements were closed but also courtly and urban festivities celebrated. Furthermore, the urban center served for executions. The defensive walls were built, which surrounded the city and linked it to the Wawel. In the south of Wawel Castle in 1335 the city of Kazimierz was created. By Royal command it was surrounded by defense walls and the churches of St. Catherine, of Corpus Christi and the "Na Skalce" were built. End of the 15th century, Jews settled the later Cracow district. 1364 the Cracow Academy of King Kazimierz Wielki was founded, the famous Polish Jagellonen-University.
With the last king of Jagellonian dynasty, Krakow flourished. The Wawel castle was rebuilt in Renaissance style, the well known Zygmunt chapel was built and the Cloth Halls as well as the patrician houses have been restored. During the reign of King Sigismund III. Vasa the baroque style received introduction in Krakow. The Baroque University Church of St. Anne and the Church of Saints Peter and Paul were built in this period. In 1607 Warsaw was declared headquarters of the King, but Krakow retained its title of the Royal capital. Furthermore, it remained the place of coronations and funerals. Middle of the 17th century, the city was devastated by the Swedes, what at the beginning of the 18th century was produced again.
After the first partition of Poland, Krakow became a frontier town. Austria declared the settlement Podgorze separated city. After the second division in 1794, began the Polish national uprising. After its decline and the third partition of Poland the town fell to the Austrians, which on Wawel Hill caused numerous devastations and adapted buildings to the wishes and needs of the Army. 1809 Cracow was affiliated to the Grand Duchy of Warsaw. After the defeat of Napoleon, Krakow in the Vienna Convention of 1815 was declared Free City of Kraków. Then the remains of folk hero Tadeusz Kosciuszko and of Prince Jozef Poniatowski were brought back to the city. 1820-1823 on the rise of St. Bronislava a hill in honor of the leader of the popular uprising was built. Instead of the city walls, which were largely destroyed, they laid out supporting beams. 1846 Krakow lost its independence and the Austrians erected again on the Wawel barracks and they surrounded the Wawel with fortification complexes. However, Austria but has proved less tyrannical and so the city enjoyed a certain degree of growing cultural and political freedom. 1918 Krakow became the independence back.
Before the outbreak of the Second World War, in Krakow lived about 260,000 inhabitants, of which 65,000 belonged to the Jewish religion. During the war, also Krakow became witness of German war crimes. The for the greater part Jewish district of Kazimierz was eradicated. The Jews from now on lived in ghettos where they either were deported from there to Auschwitz or immediately shot. In spite of the plundering of the Nazis, Krakow became no scene for military combat operations and thus the only large Polish town escaping this fate. Therefore, its old architecture still almost completely is intact.
After the surrender of Germany and the Polish liberation, hastened the Communist government to inspire the traditional life and the city with a large steel plant in Nowa Huta. But the intensive rebuilding of the economy and industry rather promoted an ecological disaster. Buildings that had survived the war undamaged were now devoured and destroyed by acid rain and toxic gases. Carbon dioxide emissions grew so powerful that this has remained a serious and grave problem of the city. After the fall of the Communists and the fall of the Iron Curtain Krakow has benefited greatly from tourism and has adapted itself to a large extent to the Western culture.
Photo of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” exhibition and cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.
Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.
The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Thirty-Sixth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 17 to October 19, 2016.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License..
Particular Aspects That Add to The Development of Diabetes Particular aspects that add to the development of diabetes are Weight problems Weight problems is among the primary reasons for diabetes. Research studies reveal that 60 to 85 % of diabetics have the tendency to be obese. In the United
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
and as another indication that it's really time to Batten Down The Hatches, odin has learned when he's not taking a nap that he can tip over his diaper pail ( which is actually the one-step trash can that we puchased on our First Family Field Trip the day after arriving home from the nicu )!
fun!
Veteran kids’ author Kenn Nesbitt is making the rounds of DMPS schools this week doing just that like a traveling minstrel, and if his audiences on February 19th at McKinley Elementary are any indication the staffs at the buildings where he appears during his visit better be on guard to make sure the kids don’t follow him out the door as though he were the Pied Piper of Poetry.
McKinley came at him in waves, starting with the pre-k and kindergartners first thing in the morning. By day’s end he’d regaled every class, leaving them not only laughing but with some pointers and assignments to work on after he’s gone.
Nesbitt’s latest effort is The Armpit of Doom. Other collections include Revenge of the Lunch Ladies and Tighty Whitey Spider. His titles get the kids’ attention and the whimsical rhymes he recites with all the animation of a Saturday morning cartoon character hold it. He also tells a good knock-knock joke or two by way of introduction and setting the mood for his programs.
Nesbitt’s session with the McKinley 4th and 5th graders segued from a representative sampling of his body of work, as read aloud – with feeling – by him to a sort of workshop where he and the students collaborated on an original poem scribbled on the big whiteboard in the school library.
Then it was on to the next stop on the tour. Before he heads home to Spokane, Washington, Nesbitt will also appear at Hillis Elementary and Capitol View Elementary later in the week.
Find out more about Kenn Nesbitt at: www.poetry4kids.com
This lens is called Synthetic Purple.
inner doublet, missing a red metal rimmed roundel that is inserted in the hole of this lens on the stepped side which is 1 5/8 dia. and is chamfered at this widest point to just near 1 1/4 which looks seated ,
Thank you, Steve Cherry. For the opportunity to obtain this lens
for the lens folder.
and Thank you Zachary again for adding your comment
about this odd lens .
cite: paddy fitz for "Synthetic Purple"
Thank you Railroad signals of the U.S. web site.
Had it not been for paddy fitz commenting about my use
of the "C" word, that most non railroaders use to describe
purple.
his mentioning the word "synthetic purple"
led me to the Railroad signals of the U.S. web site
in which the moderator Todd, felt inclined to share his comments of
his run in with another knowledgeable collector . regarding the "incorrect" term, or is it? (cobalt) aka "C" word, is simply a great must read!
which nerves some in the railroad signalling and collector groups .
However all these forums do in fact bring out correct
historical tidbits, its cutting through the white noise
and rooting out the meaty parts that
brought the below information together that discuses
Purple its use and strange alteration concoctions in early electric color light signalling that's not wildly known.
Thanks guys. and yes this is and its variants are rare and the use of this red center purple is not system wide.
other sources state "hot pink"
however Synthetic purple does hit on web searches however
a glitch in google books will not allow you to pin point the discussion about synthetic purple as google targets "primary batteries" story , i nearly read the whole book finally discovering the synthetic purple story days later .
Enjoy the information as i presented it word for word
comma to period from the book verbatim below.
January, 1936
Railway Signalling and communications, Volume 28
Two Parts ----- part two.
"What information is available as to the use of improved types of signal
glasses to provide a more satisfactory purple aspect?"
Red Center Purple
B.J. Schwendt
Assistant signal engineer, New York Central, Cleveland Ohio.
We have solved our difficulty on color-light dwarf signals by using what we call
a Red-centered purple.
With the regular full purple lens, even with the highest transmission,
it was almost necessary to use a 40-watt instead of an 18-watt
lamp to produce a daylight indication of sufficient range
to cover the stopping distance under the permissible speed
at such signals. This complicated the manner of supplying the standby battery
for such signals. After experimenting in 1928, we hit on the idea of the red-centered purple, which not only made it possible for to use the standard electric lamp on these color-light dwarfs, but also increased the range of visibility.
The following information states the details of this "more satisfactory purple lens"
for color-light dwarf signals:
1, The red center 1 15/64 in, in diameter and is applied to the 3 5/8
inner unit of the doublet lens, which is the color unit.
2, This lens gives about 900 ft. daylight indication under the most adverse sunlight
conditions, whereas our regular purple gives about 500 ft.. wattage and other conditions remaining the same.
3, The electric lamp used is the standard for color-light dwarf signal namely 8- volt
18-watt , rebased PS-16 bulb burning at 7.5 volts .
4, Under bright sunlight conditions, this particular lens
Looks like a poor red ; that is, the purple portion looks bluish and is difficult to see.
By night it looks like a real purple at 300 ft , the red becoming more predominant
as the distance from the signal increases. By night the regular purple looks quite blue, the slight red showing up only at greater distances from the signal.
5, Tests were conducted on a similar purple unit with a red center , only
27/32 in , in diameter. This shortened the range slightly as compared with the large red center, reducing it from 910 to 730 ft and reducing the predominance
of the red previously mentioned.
6, on a cloudy day the comparative ranges are as follows.
Large red center purple- 2000 ft.
Small red center purple- 1600 ft .
Our regular all purple- 1100 ft .
Comments of a manufacturer:
W.N. Manuel
Manager Corning Glass Works ,Railroad , Marine & Traffic division, Corning
N.Y.
Purple, as a signal indication, will probably always be restricted to short range
visibility.
With a kerosene light source , purple is distinctive for a short range night
indication but the the glass appears blue when used as a Mazda lamp
burning near normal voltage.
Electric purple of much greater saturation may be successfully used
as a short range night signal indication, but the range is not sufficient for day light
indication.
A synthetic purple, for use of the doublet lens combination, as manufactured for the signal companies, is in use on the New York Central lines west.
an electric purple disk, having a minimum transmission of 30 per cent,
is used in the searchlight type signal,and its performance may also be obtained
from the New York Central Lines east.
The electric purples are included in the A.A.R.
signal section specification 69-35.
The synthetic purple consists of a red and purple glass
combination , of a predetermined ratio of color area to produce the desired color range within its limitation.
This combination offers at present the best solution for improving
the purple indication.
A Combination Satisfactory:
F.C. Stewart
signal engineer, Elgin Joliet and Eastern
Joliet Ill.
pg 438.
We have never been able to secure a satisfactory
purple for night indication for dwarf signals; consequently,
we resorted to the expedient of inserting a 1 1/4 in diameter red glass disk
in the center of the 5 3/8 in diameter purple roundel .
We think this greatly improved our night indications and the enginemen
liked the change.
on our first installation of color-light dwarf signals of the searchlight type,
we found the stop indication to be very unsatisfactory, especially during the very bright daylight.
We asked the manufacturers to provide red disks with 1/4 in horizontal purple glass stripes through the centers.
The disks were mounted so that the 1/4 in would be horizontal when the signals were in the stop position.
This practice greatly improved the stop indications, as the signal gave the appearance of a red light with a purple halo, or a purple light with a red halo.
either type gave a workable indication.
We do not believe that, in the present state of the art , a satisfactory
purple indication be secured and would prefer a dark red for the stop
indication on dwarf signals.
However , they are made much more frequently than the old custom
of periodic night checks.
When the color- light signals are used, it is the practice
to change lamps periodically so that lamps are burned according
to their rated life.
Consequently, a reported "light out" failure rarely occurs.
With the modern color-light signal, means are provided for focusing
the light in the daytime so that we are assured of good daylight and night indications.
**** NOTE! The above information is well cited for source credit and the information on this page is for educational and historical purposes .
The Forty-First Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 8 to April 11, 2019.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Fifth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 25 to April 27, 2016.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Forty-First Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 8 to April 11, 2019.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Delegates to the WIPO Assemblies, which met in Geneva from October 3 to 11, 2016, enjoyed a performance of traditional Turkish music on October 4, 2016. The performance was part of a cultural event co-organized by WIPO and Turkey on the sidelines of the WIPO Assemblies.
The exhibition entitled “Turkish Culture and Geographical Indications” showcased a snapshot of Turkey’s rich culture and geographical indications.
Inaugurated on October 4, 2016, it featured examples of Turkey’s protected geographic indications, including Afyon marble, Antep Kutnu cloth, Gaziantep mother-of-pearl inlaying and Safranbolu Turkish delight. The inauguration also featured a performance of traditional Turkish music.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Fifth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 25 to April 27, 2016.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 23 to April 26, 2018.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-First Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from March 17 to March 21, 2014.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Forty-Second Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 4 to November 7, 2019. Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Forty-First Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 8 to April 11, 2019.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Postcard
A postally unused postcard bearing no studio name. There are no indications as to the identity of the group or the date and location of the photograph.
There's not much to go on, but if anyone recognises the church, please leave a note.
He always rides Solo - Lord Ganesha's toy after getting the final coat of painting from the artist -- been kept away for drying up.
Channapatna toys are a particular form of wooden toys (and dolls) that are manufactured in the town of Channapatna in the Bangalore Rural district of Karnataka state, India. This traditional craft is protected as a geographical indication (GI) under the World Trade Organization - explains the popularity of these toys. Channapatna is known as Gombegala Ooru (toy-town) of Karnataka and the work involved lacquering the wood of the Wrightia tinctoria tree, colloquially called Aale mara (ivory-wood).
At Channapatna Toy factory
(c) Hema Narayanan, 2011. All Rights Reserved
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The Forty-First Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 8 to April 11, 2019.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
History of Kraków
First indications of the existence of Krakow approximately stem from the 7th century. In the next following centuries the tribe of Vistulans (Wislanie) populated Krakow, after they centuries ago in the as "Lesser Poland" or Malopolska known region had settled down. From the year 965 stems the first document from Krakow, as Abraham ben Jacob of Cordova, a Jewish merchant, in his book referred to the trading center of Krakow.
In 1000, the Diocese of Krakow was founded and in 1038 declared capital of the Piast dynasty. The Wawel castle and several churches were built in the 11th century and thus the town rapidly grew. 1241 the Mongols invaded the city and burned down Krakow without exception. 1138 Krakow became the seat of the senior prince. 1257 Kraków was awarded its town charter and a city map was drawn up, which remained until today. This one included the arrangement of the checkerboard street configuration with a centrally located market. On the market following the seat of the city government was built. From the historical trading functions until today only the Cloth Halls remained. But on the market not only trade agreements were closed but also courtly and urban festivities celebrated. Furthermore, the urban center served for executions. The defensive walls were built, which surrounded the city and linked it to the Wawel. In the south of Wawel Castle in 1335 the city of Kazimierz was created. By Royal command it was surrounded by defense walls and the churches of St. Catherine, of Corpus Christi and the "Na Skalce" were built. End of the 15th century, Jews settled the later Cracow district. 1364 the Cracow Academy of King Kazimierz Wielki was founded, the famous Polish Jagellonen-University.
With the last king of Jagellonian dynasty, Krakow flourished. The Wawel castle was rebuilt in Renaissance style, the well known Zygmunt chapel was built and the Cloth Halls as well as the patrician houses have been restored. During the reign of King Sigismund III. Vasa the baroque style received introduction in Krakow. The Baroque University Church of St. Anne and the Church of Saints Peter and Paul were built in this period. In 1607 Warsaw was declared headquarters of the King, but Krakow retained its title of the Royal capital. Furthermore, it remained the place of coronations and funerals. Middle of the 17th century, the city was devastated by the Swedes, what at the beginning of the 18th century was produced again.
After the first partition of Poland, Krakow became a frontier town. Austria declared the settlement Podgorze separated city. After the second division in 1794, began the Polish national uprising. After its decline and the third partition of Poland the town fell to the Austrians, which on Wawel Hill caused numerous devastations and adapted buildings to the wishes and needs of the Army. 1809 Cracow was affiliated to the Grand Duchy of Warsaw. After the defeat of Napoleon, Krakow in the Vienna Convention of 1815 was declared Free City of Kraków. Then the remains of folk hero Tadeusz Kosciuszko and of Prince Jozef Poniatowski were brought back to the city. 1820-1823 on the rise of St. Bronislava a hill in honor of the leader of the popular uprising was built. Instead of the city walls, which were largely destroyed, they laid out supporting beams. 1846 Krakow lost its independence and the Austrians erected again on the Wawel barracks and they surrounded the Wawel with fortification complexes. However, Austria but has proved less tyrannical and so the city enjoyed a certain degree of growing cultural and political freedom. 1918 Krakow became the independence back.
Before the outbreak of the Second World War, in Krakow lived about 260,000 inhabitants, of which 65,000 belonged to the Jewish religion. During the war, also Krakow became witness of German war crimes. The for the greater part Jewish district of Kazimierz was eradicated. The Jews from now on lived in ghettos where they either were deported from there to Auschwitz or immediately shot. In spite of the plundering of the Nazis, Krakow became no scene for military combat operations and thus the only large Polish town escaping this fate. Therefore, its old architecture still almost completely is intact.
After the surrender of Germany and the Polish liberation, hastened the Communist government to inspire the traditional life and the city with a large steel plant in Nowa Huta. But the intensive rebuilding of the economy and industry rather promoted an ecological disaster. Buildings that had survived the war undamaged were now devoured and destroyed by acid rain and toxic gases. Carbon dioxide emissions grew so powerful that this has remained a serious and grave problem of the city. After the fall of the Communists and the fall of the Iron Curtain Krakow has benefited greatly from tourism and has adapted itself to a large extent to the Western culture.
Chroicocephalus bulleri - Black-billed Gull
Il n'y a que deux espèces de mouettes en Nouvelle-Zélande, mais elles se ressemblent beaucoup. La mouette de Buller a un bec noir et fin (la Mouette scopuline (Larus scopulinus) l'a rouge et plus fort) et elle est nettement plus claire que sa congénère. Le dessus est d'un gris très pâle et la pointe des ailes est à peine marquée de noir. Chez les adultes, l'oeil est clair, il est sombre chez les jeunes. L'espèce est monotypique (pas de sous-espèces).
Indications subspécifiques espèce monotypique
La mouette de Buller est une 'bavarde' et son cri peu agréable fait partie des paysages sonores des lacs néo-zélandais.
Endémique de Nouvelle-Zélande, la mouette de Buller se reproduit surtout dans l'intérieur de l'île du Sud ainsi que dans la région de Rotorua dans l'île du Nord.
Il existe de rare colonies littorales dans l'île du Sud. En saison de reproduction, elle fréquente surtout les berges et îlots des lacs et cours d'eau. En période internuptiale, les oiseaux se dispersent et on peut l'observer sur les côtes des deux îles, souvent en compagnie de la Mouette scopuline. Elle fréquente aussi volontiers les champs inondés et les pâtures.
Même si elle est assez grégaire, la mouette de Buller se montre souvent agressive envers ses congénères lors de la formation des couples.
La mouette de Buller recherche sa nourriture en groupe, essentiellement dans les champs durant la saison de reproduction, souvent à plusieurs kilomètres des colonies.
Mouette de Buller
adulte
Elle consomme surtout des invertébrés (terrestres ou aquatiques) mais aussi de petits poissons. La plupart des proies aquatiques sont cueillies à la surface de l'eau. Chasse aussi les insectes volants. Comme beaucoup d'autres espèces de laridés, elle sait aussi exploiter les ordures laissées par les activités humaines ; dans les parcs de certaines villes, elle est devenue très familière, venant quémander sa nourriture comme les pigeons...
Si la nourriture n'est pas suffisante, les colonies peuvent être abandonnées.
Les parades nuptiales commencent dès le mois d'août sur les sites d'hivernage et les oiseaux arrivent sur les colonies vers la mi-septembre.
Mouette de Buller
adulte
A l'intérieur d'une colonie, les pontes sont assez synchrones. Les nids sont de petites cuvettes garnies de brindilles et de tiges herbacées. La ponte est généralement de 2 oeufs, mais on en trouve parfois d'1 ou 3 oeufs. Les deux adultes couvent pendant un peu plus de 3 semaines et les jeunes volent généralement un peu avant l'âge d'un mois. La mouette de Buller est capable de se reproduire à l'âge de 2 ans, mais ne le fait souvent que beaucoup plus tard (4 ou 5 ans).
Maintenant considérée comme 'En danger' par BirdLife International. Dans l'île du Sud, il y avait 57 000 couples en 1985-1986, mais seulement 33 500 onze ans plus tard (48 000 couples au total). Comme pour la Guifette des galets (Chlidonias albostriatus), les principales menaces sont la diminution des sites favorables à la reproduction envahis par la végétation exotique, la prédation des oeufs et des poussins par les rats, les chats et les mustélidés introduits, l'aménagement des cours d'eau et le développement des loisirs aquatiques. D'après l'IUCN, l'espèce a perdu 50 % de ses effectifs en un peu plus de 30 ans !
There are only two species of seagulls in New Zealand, but they are very similar. Buller's Gull has a black, thin beak (the Scopulin Gull (Larus scopulinus) has a red and stronger beak) and is much lighter than its congeners. The top is a very pale gray and the tips of the wings are barely marked with black. In adults, the eye is clear, it is dark in young people. The species is monotypic (no subspecies).
Subspecific indications monotypic species
Buller's Gull is a talkative and its unpleasant shout is part of the soundscapes of New Zealand lakes.
Endemic to New Zealand, the Buller's Gull breeds mainly in the interior of the South Island as well as in the Rotorua region of the North Island.
There are rare coastal colonies in the South Island. During the breeding season, it frequents the banks and islets of lakes and streams. In the inter-eral period, the birds disperse and can be seen on the coasts of both islands, often with the Seagull. She also frequents flooded fields and pastures.
Although she is quite gregarious, the Buller's gull is often aggressive towards her conspecifics when training couples.
The Buller's Gull searches for food in groups, mostly in the fields during the breeding season, often several kilometers from colonies.
Buller's Gull
adult
It consumes mainly invertebrates (terrestrial or aquatic) but also small fish. Most aquatic prey is collected on the surface of the water. Also hunt flying insects. Like many other species of laridae, she also knows how to exploit the garbage left by human activities; in the parks of some cities, she became very familiar, begging for food like pigeons ...
If the food is not sufficient, the colonies can be abandoned.
The courtship displays begin in August at the wintering sites and birds arrive at the colonies in mid-September.
Buller's Gull
adult
Inside a colony, the eggs are quite synchronous. Nests are small troughs with twigs and herbaceous stems. Spawning is usually 2 eggs, but sometimes 1 or 3 eggs are found. Both adults incubate for a little over 3 weeks and the young usually fly a little before the age of one month. Buller's Gulls are able to reproduce at 2 years of age, but often do so only much later (4 or 5 years).
Now considered 'Endangered' by BirdLife International. In the South Island, there were 57,000 pairs in 1985-1986, but only 33,500 eleven years later (48,000 pairs in total). As for the Pebble Tern (Chlidonias albostriatus), the main threats are the decrease of breeding sites invaded by exotic vegetation, the predation of eggs and chicks by introduced rats, cats and mustelids, watercourses and the development of aquatic recreation. According to IUCN, the species has lost 50% of its population in just over 30 years!
The Thirty-Sixth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 17 to October 19, 2016.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 23 to April 26, 2018.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
Indication: LOW SPEED
Meaning: PROCEED ready to stop at the next signal.
"NOTE: The line immediately beyond the next signal may be occupied. Where train stops are provided, a maximum speed of 25km/h applies."
NSW double light colour indication system.
The Thirty-Sixth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 17 to October 19, 2016.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 23 to April 26, 2018.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 23 to April 26, 2018.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
This is a photograph from the 1st round of the 2015 Mullingar Road League which was held in Belvedere House and Gardens, Mullingar, Co. Westmeath, Ireland on Wednesday 6th May 2015 at 20:00. This year the 5KM was ran on a modified route based on the route from the last couple of years. Tonight the final 1KM stayed within the Belvedere Gardens bringing runners down to the lakeside for a second time and finishing along the aptly named Stream Of Life. The route modification meant that the race offered a slightly faster route than the hill finish of previous years.
The race is promoted by Mullingar Harriers for the Pat Finnerty Memorial Cup. Competitors need to run 3 races out of the 4 races in May (any order) to be considered in the overall placing in categories at the conclusion of the league. Over 350 people took part in tonight's event. The weather was perfect for running with sunshine with just a little breeze. The new finish area provided a nice space for runners to stay around and chat in the evening sunshine. The Mullingar Road League 2015 has started off successfully and looks to add to the success in the history of this great series.
The "Road League" is something of a misnomer but is an indication of the League's origins on the roads around Ladestown Mullingar prior to it's move into Belvedere in 2008. The Road League is the envy of many other races in the country as the Belvedere locations offers a completely traffic free 5KM route.
We have an extensive set of photographs from tonight in the following Flickr Album: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/16772614064/
Timing and event management was provided by Precision Timing. Results are available on their website at www.precisiontiming.net/results.aspx with additional material available on their Facebook page (www.facebook.com/davidprecisiontiming?fref=ts) See their promotional video on YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-7_TUVwJ6Q
Photographs from the last number of years of the Mullingar Road League are found at the bottom of this text
USING OUR PHOTOGRAPHS - A QUICK GUIDE AND ANSWERS TO YOUR QUESTIONS
Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?
Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share directly to: email, Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.
BUT..... Wait there a minute....
We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. We do not charge for our photographs. Our only "cost" is that we request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, VK.com, Vine, Meetup, Tagged, Ask.fm,etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us or acknowledge us as the original photographers.
This also extends to the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.
I want to download these pictures to my computer or device?
You can download this photographic image here directly to your computer or device. This version is the low resolution web-quality image. How to download will vary slight from device to device and from browser to browser. Have a look for a down-arrow symbol or the link to 'View/Download' all sizes. When you click on either of these you will be presented with the option to download the image. Remember just doing a right-click and "save target as" will not work on Flickr.
I want get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?
If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.
Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.
In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting takes a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.
I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?
Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.
Let's get a bit technical: We use Creative Commons Licensing for these photographs
We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?
The explaination is very simple.
Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own. This usually just mean putting a link to our photographs somewhere on your website, blog, or Facebook where other people can see it.
ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.
Above all what Creative Commons aims to do is to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/
I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?
As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:
►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera
►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set
►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone
►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!
You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.
Don't like your photograph here?
That's OK! We understand!
If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.
I want to tell people about these great photographs!
Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets
Links to previous Mullingar Road League Photographs from over the years
Our photographs from Round 1 of the 2014 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157644508131856/
Our photographs from Round 2 of the 2014 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157644261638039/
Our photographs from Round 3 of the 2014 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157644769714481/
Our photographs from Round 4 of the 2014 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157644840050706/
Road League 2014 Facebook Page: www.facebook.com/patfinnertyroadleague?fref=ts (Requires Facebook logon)
YouTube Video for the Promotion of the 2014 Road League: www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfvVVwrkgTM
A Vimeo Video for the Promotion of the 2013 Road League: vimeo.com/64875578
Our photographs from Round 5 of the 2013 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157633794985503/
Our photographs from Round 4 of the 2013 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157633604656368/
Our photographs from Round 3 of the 2013 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157633470510535/
Our photographs from Round 2 of the 2013 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157633451422506/
Our photographs from Round 1 of the 2013 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157633397519242/
Belvedere House and Gardens on Google Street View: goo.gl/maps/WWTgD
Chip Timing Results from Precision Timing: www.precisiontiming.net/results.aspx
Belvedere House and Gardens Website: www.belvedere-house.ie/
Mullingar Harriers Facebook Group Page: www.facebook.com/groups/158535740855708/?fref=ts
Our Flickr Collection from Mullingar Road League 2012 (1,800 photographs) www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/collections/72157629780992768/
Our Flickr Collection from Mullingar Road League 2011 (820 photographs) www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/collections/72157626524444213/
Our Flickr Collection from Mullingar Road League 2010 (500 photographs) www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/collections/72157624051668808/
Our Flickr Collection from Mullingar Road League 2009 (250 photographs) www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/collections/72157617814884076/
Our Flickr Collection from Mullingar Road League 2008 (150 photographs) www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/collections/72157605062152203/
The moon rises as RG 311 heads out the east end of the New Richmond siding. Closest are the water canteen tankers that feed the water canons on the caboose at the rear of the rail grinding train. September 28, 2012.
The Thirty-Sixth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 17 to October 19, 2016.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 23 to April 26, 2018.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
The Thirty-Sixth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 17 to October 19, 2016.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
History of Kraków
First indications of the existence of Krakow approximately stem from the 7th century. In the next following centuries the tribe of Vistulans (Wislanie) populated Krakow, after they centuries ago in the as "Lesser Poland" or Malopolska known region had settled down. From the year 965 stems the first document from Krakow, as Abraham ben Jacob of Cordova, a Jewish merchant, in his book referred to the trading center of Krakow.
In 1000, the Diocese of Krakow was founded and in 1038 declared capital of the Piast dynasty. The Wawel castle and several churches were built in the 11th century and thus the town rapidly grew. 1241 the Mongols invaded the city and burned down Krakow without exception. 1138 Krakow became the seat of the senior prince. 1257 Kraków was awarded its town charter and a city map was drawn up, which remained until today. This one included the arrangement of the checkerboard street configuration with a centrally located market. On the market following the seat of the city government was built. From the historical trading functions until today only the Cloth Halls remained. But on the market not only trade agreements were closed but also courtly and urban festivities celebrated. Furthermore, the urban center served for executions. The defensive walls were built, which surrounded the city and linked it to the Wawel. In the south of Wawel Castle in 1335 the city of Kazimierz was created. By Royal command it was surrounded by defense walls and the churches of St. Catherine, of Corpus Christi and the "Na Skalce" were built. End of the 15th century, Jews settled the later Cracow district. 1364 the Cracow Academy of King Kazimierz Wielki was founded, the famous Polish Jagellonen-University.
With the last king of Jagellonian dynasty, Krakow flourished. The Wawel castle was rebuilt in Renaissance style, the well known Zygmunt chapel was built and the Cloth Halls as well as the patrician houses have been restored. During the reign of King Sigismund III. Vasa the baroque style received introduction in Krakow. The Baroque University Church of St. Anne and the Church of Saints Peter and Paul were built in this period. In 1607 Warsaw was declared headquarters of the King, but Krakow retained its title of the Royal capital. Furthermore, it remained the place of coronations and funerals. Middle of the 17th century, the city was devastated by the Swedes, what at the beginning of the 18th century was produced again.
After the first partition of Poland, Krakow became a frontier town. Austria declared the settlement Podgorze separated city. After the second division in 1794, began the Polish national uprising. After its decline and the third partition of Poland the town fell to the Austrians, which on Wawel Hill caused numerous devastations and adapted buildings to the wishes and needs of the Army. 1809 Cracow was affiliated to the Grand Duchy of Warsaw. After the defeat of Napoleon, Krakow in the Vienna Convention of 1815 was declared Free City of Kraków. Then the remains of folk hero Tadeusz Kosciuszko and of Prince Jozef Poniatowski were brought back to the city. 1820-1823 on the rise of St. Bronislava a hill in honor of the leader of the popular uprising was built. Instead of the city walls, which were largely destroyed, they laid out supporting beams. 1846 Krakow lost its independence and the Austrians erected again on the Wawel barracks and they surrounded the Wawel with fortification complexes. However, Austria but has proved less tyrannical and so the city enjoyed a certain degree of growing cultural and political freedom. 1918 Krakow became the independence back.
Before the outbreak of the Second World War, in Krakow lived about 260,000 inhabitants, of which 65,000 belonged to the Jewish religion. During the war, also Krakow became witness of German war crimes. The for the greater part Jewish district of Kazimierz was eradicated. The Jews from now on lived in ghettos where they either were deported from there to Auschwitz or immediately shot. In spite of the plundering of the Nazis, Krakow became no scene for military combat operations and thus the only large Polish town escaping this fate. Therefore, its old architecture still almost completely is intact.
After the surrender of Germany and the Polish liberation, hastened the Communist government to inspire the traditional life and the city with a large steel plant in Nowa Huta. But the intensive rebuilding of the economy and industry rather promoted an ecological disaster. Buildings that had survived the war undamaged were now devoured and destroyed by acid rain and toxic gases. Carbon dioxide emissions grew so powerful that this has remained a serious and grave problem of the city. After the fall of the Communists and the fall of the Iron Curtain Krakow has benefited greatly from tourism and has adapted itself to a large extent to the Western culture.
The Thirty-Fifth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 25 to April 27, 2016.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.