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This Book of Hours illuminated ca. 1470 contains stunning examples of full-page miniatures in the style of Willem Vrelant, most likely originating in Bruges. Given that several prayer cycles contain indications of a female suppliant, as well as a majority female saints in the litany, the book was either owned or co-owned by a woman. The artist or artists have chosen to alternate between color and near-grisaille miniatures throughout the text and the calendar, making for a strikingly varied program of images.

 

To explore fully digitized manuscripts with a virtual page-turning application, please visit Walters Ex Libris.

 

Sandstone ornament with year indication. It was placed between the window frames on the first floor of a city house.

The architectural style is Neo Dutch Renaissance. The bright red brick facade has a step-gable top, and lots of sandstone ornaments.

 

About the history of the use of year stones in architecture:

English: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor_plate

Dutch: nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muuranker

And: nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaartallen_op_gebouwen

 

Amsterdam-De Pijp, Van Woustraat, Febr. 7, 2019.

 

© 2019 Sander Toonen Amsterdam/Halfweg | All Rights Reserved

Silverton:

 

The first indication of silver–lead mineralisation in the Barrier Rangers came in late 1875 with the discovery of galena by Julius Charles Nickel and Dan McLean while they were well sinking on Thackaringa Station, near the South Australian - New South Wales border.

 

In 1879 John Stokie established a store at Umberumberka, 19 km north of Thackaringa. He continued prospecting and discovered silver–lead veins nearby, which he pegged with Edward Pegler in November 1881. A 100 ton parcel of ore was shipped to England for a 40% profit. The following October the Umberumberka Silver Lead Mining Company Ltd was floated with nominal capital of £20 000. Umberumberka was the second area of silver–lead mineralisation discovered in the Barrier Ranges and the new company was the first to be publicly floated. The town of Silverton soon developed close to the mine and became the main settlement of the growing silver field.

 

Silverton was surveyed in 1883, by which time Australia had a population of 2, 250, 194. By September that year, the population of Silverton was 250, and by December 1883 it had doubled. That year the Day Dream Mine opened and attracted an additional population of 400 - 500 people. In 1884 1,222 mineral leases, 937 business permits and 114 miners' rights were issued. That same year 6,000 tonnes of ore were extracted and the town acquired its own newspaper, the Silver Age.

 

By 1885 - 1886 the town's population had reached 3,000. Silverton was proclaimed a township in 1885 and a municipality the following year. In 1885 a short-lived smelter was established at Day Dream Mine, operating for only a year. In 1892 the Umberumberka Mine closed, followed by the Day Dream Mine. The Pioneer Mine at Thackaringa closed in 1897. By 1901, after miners had moved to the richer fields at Broken Hill, the town went into decline and only 286 people remained. Today the town has a population of around 50 people, most of whom work in tourism.

 

The Silverton Tramway Company:

 

The Silverton Tramway Company, a rare private railway of 50klms in length, was incorporated in New South Wales October 14, 1886 and the line was completed and opened for traffic on January 12, 1888. One of only two privately owned railways in the state, the tramway was originally founded to transport ore from local mines in the Broken Hill and Silverton region into South Australia. The company soon branched out, not only carrying ore from the mines but freighted other goods and offered a passenger service which accounted for a third of their business.

 

The company serviced travellers on long trips heading interstate to Semaphore (Adelaide) to the Largs Bay Holiday Camp and excursions for local community groups often conveying passengers to Silverton and McCulloch Park (at Stephens Creek) for the day and returning to Broken Hill in the afternoon. When traveling to South Australia the train would travel from Broken Hill, through Silverton and then to Burns which is on the New South Wales side of the border of Cockburn (a town divided by the NSW/SA border).

 

In 1927 the New South Wales government completed the railway from Sydney to Broken Hill, thus joining the Silverton Tramway and completing the link from Sydney to Adelaide. It played a strategic role in the trans-Australia network until 1970, when it was surpassed by the New South Wales Government Railways (Indian-Pacific). From 1888-1970 it was critical to the economic functioning of Broken Hill, by providing the key transport of ore to the Port Pirie smelters. It played a significant role in the politics and recreation of Broken Hill, and a crucial role at times of water shortage in Broken Hill.

 

Today, Silverton resides in the Unincorporated Area of New South Wales (NSW) and so does not feature a City Council. It is run by the Silverton Village Committee, who to this day hold their quarterly meetings in the Silverton Municipal Chambers.

 

Source: Silverton NSW (www.aussietowns.com.au/town/silverton-nsw), New South Wales Heritage Register & Discover Broken Hill (discoverbrokenhill.com.au/silverton-nsw/historic-building...), "The pathway to Broken Hill: Early discoveries in the Barrier Ranges, New South Wales, Australia" by Kenneth George McQueen, and 'Aplin, Graeme; S.G. Foster; Michael McKernan, eds. (1987). Australians: Events and Places. Broadway, New South Wales, Australia: Fairfax, Syme & Weldon Associates. p. 97'

This is a photograph from the 2nd round of the 2015 Mullingar Road League which was held in Belvedere House and Gardens, Mullingar, Co. Westmeath, Ireland on Wednesday 13th May 2015 at 20:00. The weather was much better this week for running with nice bright sunshine and little or no breeze. As it turned out this made the course considerably quicker with many runners recording faster times than the 1st round race. This year's 5KM is ran on a modified route based on the route from the last couple of years. The final 1KM is within the Belvedere Gardens bringing runners down to the lakeside for a second time and finishing along the aptly named Stream Of Life. The route modification means that the race offers a slightly faster route than the hill finish of previous years.

The race is promoted by Mullingar Harriers for the Pat Finnerty Memorial Cup. Competitors need to run 3 races out of the 4 races in May (any order) to be considered in the overall placing in categories at the conclusion of the league. Runners can also choose to just run one race without being considered for the overall league placings. Over 360 people took part in tonight's event. As with last week the new finish area provided a nice space for runners to stay around and chat in the evening sunshine. The Mullingar Road League 2015 is now half-way through and has continued successfully and looks to add to the success in the history of this great series. Despite the bright evenings the photographic conditions in Belevedere are difficult so this photograph is part of a smaller than usual photograph set as there were many blurred photographs this evening.

The "Road League" is something of a misnomer but is an indication of the League's origins on the roads around Ladestown Mullingar prior to it's move into Belvedere in 2008. The Road League is the envy of many other races in the country as the Belvedere locations offers a completely traffic free 5KM route.

 

We have an extensive set of photographs from tonight in the following Flickr Album: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157652357781278

 

Timing and event management was provided by Precision Timing. Results are available on their website at www.precisiontiming.net/result.aspx?v=2632 with additional material available on their Facebook page (www.facebook.com/davidprecisiontiming?fref=ts) See their promotional video on YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-7_TUVwJ6Q

Photographs from the last number of years of the Mullingar Road League are found at the bottom of this text

 

USING OUR PHOTOGRAPHS - A QUICK GUIDE AND ANSWERS TO YOUR QUESTIONS

Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?

 

Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share directly to: email, Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.

 

BUT..... Wait there a minute....

We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. We do not charge for our photographs. Our only "cost" is that we request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, VK.com, Vine, Meetup, Tagged, Ask.fm,etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us or acknowledge us as the original photographers.

 

This also extends to the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.

 

I want to download these pictures to my computer or device?

 

You can download this photographic image here directly to your computer or device. This version is the low resolution web-quality image. How to download will vary slight from device to device and from browser to browser. Have a look for a down-arrow symbol or the link to 'View/Download' all sizes. When you click on either of these you will be presented with the option to download the image. Remember just doing a right-click and "save target as" will not work on Flickr.

 

I want get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?

 

If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.

 

Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.

 

In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting takes a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.

 

I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?

Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.

 

Let's get a bit technical: We use Creative Commons Licensing for these photographs

We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?

The explaination is very simple.

Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own. This usually just mean putting a link to our photographs somewhere on your website, blog, or Facebook where other people can see it.

ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.

 

Above all what Creative Commons aims to do is to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/

 

I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?

 

As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:

 

     ►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera

     ►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set

     ►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone

     ►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!

  

You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.

 

Don't like your photograph here?

That's OK! We understand!

 

If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.

 

I want to tell people about these great photographs!

Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets

  

Links to previous Mullingar Road League Photographs from over the years

 

Our photographs from Round 1 of the 2015 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157652342512706

Our photographs from Round 1 of the 2014 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157644508131856/

Our photographs from Round 2 of the 2014 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157644261638039/

Our photographs from Round 3 of the 2014 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157644769714481/

Our photographs from Round 4 of the 2014 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157644840050706/

Road League 2014 Facebook Page: www.facebook.com/patfinnertyroadleague?fref=ts (Requires Facebook logon)

YouTube Video for the Promotion of the 2014 Road League: www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfvVVwrkgTM

A Vimeo Video for the Promotion of the 2013 Road League: vimeo.com/64875578

Our photographs from Round 5 of the 2013 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157633794985503/

Our photographs from Round 4 of the 2013 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157633604656368/

Our photographs from Round 3 of the 2013 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157633470510535/

Our photographs from Round 2 of the 2013 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157633451422506/

Our photographs from Round 1 of the 2013 Road League on Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157633397519242/

Belvedere House and Gardens on Google Street View: goo.gl/maps/WWTgD

Chip Timing Results from Precision Timing: www.precisiontiming.net/results.aspx

Belvedere House and Gardens Website: www.belvedere-house.ie/

Mullingar Harriers Facebook Group Page: www.facebook.com/groups/158535740855708/?fref=ts

Our Flickr Collection from Mullingar Road League 2012 (1,800 photographs) www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/collections/72157629780992768/

Our Flickr Collection from Mullingar Road League 2011 (820 photographs) www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/collections/72157626524444213/

Our Flickr Collection from Mullingar Road League 2010 (500 photographs) www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/collections/72157624051668808/

Our Flickr Collection from Mullingar Road League 2009 (250 photographs) www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/collections/72157617814884076/

Our Flickr Collection from Mullingar Road League 2008 (150 photographs) www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/collections/72157605062152203/

 

A garbage dumpster is a positive indication.

Photo of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” exhibition and cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.

 

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.

 

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The Embassy of Italy promotes Geographical Indications and Denominations of Protected Origin on the American market (Washington DC - December 16, 2019).

Displaced Palestinians take shelter at the Abu Hussien United Nations school in the Jabalia refugee camp in the northern Gaza Strip on August 2, 2014. The Israeli army gave a first indication it was ending operations in parts of Gaza, while continuing to bombard other areas ahead of fresh truce talks in Cairo.. Photo by Ashraf Amra

The Thirty-Fourth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 16 to November 18, 2015.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

The Postcard

 

A postally unused postcard bearing no studio name. There are no indications as to the identity of the individuals or the date and location of the photograph.

 

Ariel Motorcycles

 

The motorbike in the photograph is an Ariel. It has what is now a rare sight on British roads - a sidecar.

 

Ariel Motorcycles was a British maker of motorcycles in Bournbrook, Birmingham. The company was an innovator in British motorcycling.

 

Ariel was sold to BSA in 1951, but the brand survived until 1967. The last motorcycle-type vehicle to carry the Ariel name was a short-lived three-wheel tilting moped in 1970.

 

Ariel made bicycles before making motorcycles, and also made cars. Car production began in 1902, moved to Coventry in 1911, and ceased in 1925.

 

The 'Ariel' name was re-used in 1999 for the formation of Ariel Ltd., a sports car producer.

 

History of Ariel Motorcycles

 

-- Bicycles and Early Motorised Vehicles

 

The original company was established in 1870 by James Starley and William Hillman. They built wire-spoke wheels under the first British patent; this allowed them also to build a lighter "penny farthing" bicycle which they named 'Ariel' (the spirit of the air).

 

They put the Ariel name on the factory where they made penny-farthing bicycles and sewing machines. In 1885 James Starley's nephew, John Kemp Starley, invented the Rover Safety Bicycle - a bicycle with similarly sized wheels and chain drive to the rear wheel, the design used on bicycles today.

 

Ariel merged with Westwood Manufacturing in 1896 and made a powered tricycle in 1898 with a 2.25 hp de Dion. Hillman left soon afterwards to found Premier Motorcycles.

 

More tricycles were produced, and motorised quadricycles were added in 1901 as Ariel moved into car production.

 

-- Motorcycles

 

In 1902, Ariel produced its first motorcycle, which had a Kerry engine with a magneto ignition and a float carburettor. That year, Ariel was taken over by Components Ltd., owned by Charles Sangster. Sangster built a three-speed, two-stroke motorcycle sold as the "Arielette", but he stopped production on the outbreak of the Great War.

 

In 1918, Sangster's son Jack began managing the Ariel division of Components Ltd., and developed a successful motorcycle with a 4 hp White and Poppe engine. Jack increased the range of motorcycles to include 586 cc and 992 cc machines.

 

A range of motorcycles was made until 1926 with engines bought in or assembled to others' designs, until a new designer, Val Page, joined Ariel from JAP. That year Page created a pair of new engines which used many existing motorcycle parts, then redesigned the motorcycle for 1927.

 

These new models were known as Black Ariels (1926–1930) and were the basis on which all Ariel four-stroke singles were based until their demise in 1959 (except the LH Colt of the mid-1950's).

 

During the Black Ariel period, the Ariel horse logo came into being, as did the slogan 'The Modern Motor Cycle'.

 

Ariel Motors

 

Components Ltd. suffered several financial crises, including spells in receivership in 1911 and in the early 1930's. In 1932, Components Ltd. went bankrupt, and Jack Sangster, Charles Sangster's son, bought the Ariel subsidiary from the receivers at a bargain price.

 

The company was renamed Ariel Motors (J.S.) Ltd, and promptly resumed production. A new factory was set up at Selly Oak in Birmingham. One of their first bikes was the Ariel Square Four, designed by Edward Turner, followed by the Ariel Red Hunter. The Red Hunter was a success, and enabled Ariel to purchase Triumph.

 

The Ariel Square Four with a 500 cc engine designed by Edward Turner first appeared for the 1931 season. Around this time the company went into receivership and then a new company was formed. The Square Four displacement was increased to 600cc.

 

Throughout their history, the Square Fours had overheating problems with the rear cylinders which resulted in distorted heads. A redesign in 1937 resulted in a 995 cc OHV version designated the 4G.

 

During the Second World War, the Ariel factory was turned over to military production, including the Ariel W/NG 350 army motorcycle based on the Red Hunter but with higher ground clearance.

 

In 1949, the Mark 1 Square Four had cast aluminium barrels and heads instead of cast iron. With the lower weight the bike was a 90 mph plus machine.

 

BSA

 

In 1951, Jack Sangster sold Ariel and Triumph (bought in 1936) to the Birmingham Small Arms Company group (BSA) and joined their board. Ariel began making the 500 cc KH model and the 650 cc Huntmaster, which had an engine based on the BSA A10 parallel twin. Reliable and capable of 100 miles per hour (160 km/h), the Huntmaster proved popular with sidecar enthusiasts.

 

In 1953, the Mark 2 Square Four had a redesigned cylinder head, and was capable of 100 mph.

 

The Red Hunter formed the basis for Sammy Miller's 1955 trials motorcycle which proved very successful in competition.

 

By 1956, Sangster was voted in as the new Chairman, defeating incumbent Sir Bernard Docker 6 to 3. Sangster promptly made Edward Turner head of the automotive division, which then included Ariel, Triumph, and BSA motorcycles, as well as Daimler and Carbodies (the manufacturer of London Taxicabs).

 

Two-Strokes and Demise

 

In 1959, Ariel dropped its four-stroke engines and produced the Ariel Leader, a fully enclosed 250 cc two-stroke with a fully faired body from the headlamp aft. The Leader aimed to combine the benefits of the motorcycle with the advantages of a scooter.

 

Ariel also made the Arrow, a more open version of the Leader which kept the Leader's enclosed chain case and deep mudguards. Both models were an unsuccessful attempt to compete with new Japanese imports.

 

BSA closed the Ariel factory at Selly Oak in 1962 and moved production of the Leader and the Arrow to the BSA factory at Small Heath. Production of the 50 cc Pixie began in 1963.

 

In 1965, Ariel produced its last motorcycle, the Arrow 200 with capacity reduced to 200 cc in order to qualify for lower UK rider insurance.

 

Ariel motorcycles ceased production in 1967.

 

Later Use of the Ariel Name

 

In 1970, parent company BSA produced the Ariel 3, a 49 cc automatic tricycle with a coupling between the front and rear frame sections allowing banking when cornering.

 

The front half was hinged to the rear, and could tilt into corners while keeping all three wheels on the ground. The design was licensed from George Wallis who had patented it in 1966.

 

Following the failure of the Ariel 3, the design was licensed to Honda which produced it as the Honda Gyro. A small museum dedicated to the trike has been established in Bristol, England.

 

In 1999 a new company was formed using the old 'Ariel' name. Initially, the Ariel Motor Company made only one model, the Atom, a high performance, minimalistic 2-seat road-legal sports car, followed by a large-capacity motorcycle named the Ariel Ace.

Murat's "Friday 13th"-Party took place in a small village called Kaišiadorys. It was ... just a party - a good one!

 

If you are bored, just count all beer and wodka bottles and the cigarette packets...

The Thirty-Fifth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 25 to April 27, 2016.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

Product Content:

1.Give clear indication of Stainless Steel Wire.

2.Be able to produce textile tools according to customer smaple.

3.Specification

Bended Gourd mold ,Circle Wire ,2.8(w)*0.6(t)(mm) ,220(al)*40(tl)(mm)

4.Linear Measure conversion: 1(mm)=0.3937(in); 1(mm)=0.00109(ya)

5.Measure Code: width(W) ,thickness(t) ,ahead length(al) ,tail length(tl)

 

Description:

This hook by twig is the perfect compliment to your weaving loom.

 

Not only is the hook perfect for threading your heddles; it is also perfect for threading your reed.

 

With its large turned plastic handle, leather wrist strap and beautifully finished, the hook fits comfortably into your hand and is easy to hold. It has an overall length of 28~34cm.

 

The big difference with this hook is the spur on the handle constantly tells you where the top of the hook is saving you from having to look and allowing you to withdraw the hook from either heddles or reed without catching.

 

This feature alone is a real time saver.

 

The hook itself is positive and holds your fiber until you want to let go of it.

 

“Buy one of these”; You will have no more cramp in the fingers. Try to hold one of those nylon reed hooks.

 

“Buy one of these”; the chances are you will throw away all your other weaving hooks…

 

Designed and made by a weaver for serious weavers.

 

You can add extra function for using such as with the leather thong over your wrist you never dropping this threading hook.

 

Available in Automatic Loom, Calender Machines, Circular Knitting Machines, Embossing Machines, Nonwoven Machines, Weaving Machines;in the passing yarn process, the yarn will join again to produce by the situation of dropping.

 

Perfect indication, that you are on the wrong way :) A sign tells you to stop. Perfect. Realy love germany for this. There is nobody out there. But the sign needs to be there ...

The Thirty-Fifth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 25 to April 27, 2016.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

The Thirty-Fifth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 25 to April 27, 2016.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

CP units 4650 and 7310, sitting in Taylor Yard on the evening of July 28, 2015. The signals at CPF 673 show a clear indication for the approaching 459.

The Thirty-Fourth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 16 to November 18, 2015.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

Photo of the “Harvesting Hope: Empowering Earthquake Affected Provinces through Geographical Indications” exhibition, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Türkiye.

 

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, the exhibition featured origin-based products from Türkiye that benefit from geographical indication protection (GIs) – which helps them reach global markets, providing opportunities and jobs to communities, including in difficult times.

 

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 6-14, 2023.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

One of the indications that suggest to me that the stair-tower was built later than the old part of the main block, is the quoin-stones or corner stones, which are of quite different styles. It may even be that the old part of the main block is the bottom section of a old ~15th century oblong keep, which after suffering attack or accidental burning, was completely remodelled in the early 17th century.

 

Notice also that the building has no roof guttering - which helps it look its age (and is why there is water running down the wall to the right of the dormer window!). Normally when a roof-slate gets loose, it slides down the roof and comes to rest in the gutter. Here, they have had to put chicken wire all round the roof eaves, to catch any run-away slates and avoid the risk of decapitating innocent passers-by below!

The Thirtieth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 4 to November 8, 2013.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

The Volvo XC70 comes with a factory fitted dog guard. This gives an indication of the sort of people they are targeting sales at... or appealing to the sort of people who aspire to an outdoor lifestyle.

 

The guard is probably a good idea even if you don't carry a Dog - boot carried items can turn into missiles in a crash.

 

Anyway, it is an excellent piece of equipment - it can be completely removed quickly, or folded up into the headlining being kept in place by 2 gas struts.

 

However, we have agreed that there is no way that our filthy friend is going to have free reign over the entire boot... especially after going for a swim and splashing through dirty puddles. And when you open the boot, unless a dog is tied in they are free to do whatever they want to do, not ideal on a busy road. So, he needs containing.

 

There are many systems on the market. Some are very expensive but well engineered - the downside is they are heavy (+16kg for a single carrier) so when it comes to removing them, say for example you want to go shopping or need to lug something bulky its not easy.

 

With all this in mind we have selected this, a German manufactured Tixie Skudo in size 'M'. This is designed primarily as an airline approved carrier, but can be used for other purposes. It weighs very little so can be removed easily (the specification sheet says 7.2kg, but it feels lighter for some reason).

 

Our dog is quite large, but easily fits inside with enough room to turn round and lie down. There is plenty of ventilation. Most trips are under 30 minutes with him.

 

Here we have just picked it up, assembled it and he's in it for the first time. No problems. I just need to engineer some form of system to keep it firmly in place in case of sudden car movement.

 

Manufacturers website:

www.trixie.de/heimtierbedarf/en/shop/Hund/Unterwegs/Trans...

 

We bought it here:

www.petsathome.com/shop/en/pets/trixie-skudo-carrier-for-...

 

With this now sorted I can get on and sell our 16 year old, 190,000 mile V70, any takers?

The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

PRESSRELEASEPRESSRELEASEPRESSRELEASEPRESSRELEASEPRESSRELEASEPRESSRELEASE

25/10/09

 

An indication of just how sensitive the government is to any public

scrutiny or question of current native forestry policy was evidenced by

the reaction of Forest NSW yesterday to the 350 gathering in the picnic

area of FNSW Regional office.

 

Far south coast people joined thousands of groups world when they took

part in the 350.org International Day of Climate Action. People from

Eurobodalla and Bega Valley shires met up at the Forests NSW regional

headquarters in Batemans Bay, and the woodchipmill at Eden, to highlight

the huge greenhouse gas emissions generated by native forest logging.

 

The gathering was part of an international day of action organized by the

grassroots campaign 350.org to urge world leaders to support a clear

solution to the climate crisis: reducing the level of carbon dioxide in

the atmosphere to at least 350 parts per million. Millions of people

across the globe joined the most widespread day of environmental action in

history, attending over 4,000 simultaneous events in more than 187

countries.

 

Campaigners gathered at FNSW to highlight the fact that deforestation is

the biggest cause of climate change and has a ready solution in the

transition to plantation.

The campaigners called on the government to immediately moratoria on

logging in all native forest areas until legislation is provided to

protect these community assets.

 

"The forests are being logged at an unsustainable rate," Mr Tony Whan,

spokesperson for South East Forest Rescue said. "The accumulated

degradation of the RFAs must be called into account."

 

Moruya resident, Lisa Stone said that the number 350 stands for 350 parts

per million - the limit on the concentration of carbon dioxide in the

atmosphere many believe is needed to avoid climate havoc.

“Our leaders must act urgently if we are to achieve that, and this action

must include an end to native forest woodchipping,” she said.

 

"Forests NSW office became a global message board when people formed the

number 350 from woodchips to send a climate change message to world

leaders," Bega Valley Greens Councillor, Keith Hughes, said.

"An end to the intensive logging of native forests is the easiest and most

effective way to start the transition to a sustainable climate future."

Councillor Hughes said that logging to supply the Eden chipmill releases

more CO2 into the atmosphere than a large coal fired power station. "The

development proposal must be rejected if we are the seriously tackle

climate change," he said.

 

The event was compelled to finish before 3:50pm due to the arrival of a

State Forest officer who ordered the people to remove their banner and

leave the 'forest'. He told them to 'hurry up' as they packed, gave them

five minutes to leave the area and, when questioned as to what compartment

number the forest was, rang the police. This was only three minutes after

the order.

 

Police attended the event and left after speaking to the FNSW unit manager

and the campaigners who explained the legalities of 'day use area', the

Forestry Regulations concerning removal of people and 'Move-on' powers

which state people have the right to peaceful protest. The campaigners

cooperated by moving off the premises.

 

“The attitude displayed by forestry authorities on the day – in calling

the police, demonstrates that leadership from our governments is sadly

lacking,” Ms. Stone said.

 

There were no arrests.

 

cheers

SEFR

History of Kraków

First indications of the existence of Krakow approximately stem from the 7th century. In the next following centuries the tribe of Vistulans (Wislanie) populated Krakow, after they centuries ago in the as "Lesser Poland" or Malopolska known region had settled down. From the year 965 stems the first document from Krakow, as Abraham ben Jacob of Cordova, a Jewish merchant, in his book referred to the trading center of Krakow.

In 1000, the Diocese of Krakow was founded and in 1038 declared capital of the Piast dynasty. The Wawel castle and several churches were built in the 11th century and thus the town rapidly grew. 1241 the Mongols invaded the city and burned down Krakow without exception. 1138 Krakow became the seat of the senior prince. 1257 Kraków was awarded its town charter and a city map was drawn up, which remained until today. This one included the arrangement of the checkerboard street configuration with a centrally located market. On the market following the seat of the city government was built. From the historical trading functions until today only the Cloth Halls remained. But on the market not only trade agreements were closed but also courtly and urban festivities celebrated. Furthermore, the urban center served for executions. The defensive walls were built, which surrounded the city and linked it to the Wawel. In the south of Wawel Castle in 1335 the city of Kazimierz was created. By Royal command it was surrounded by defense walls and the churches of St. Catherine, of Corpus Christi and the "Na Skalce" were built. End of the 15th century, Jews settled the later Cracow district. 1364 the Cracow Academy of King Kazimierz Wielki was founded, the famous Polish Jagellonen-University.

With the last king of Jagellonian dynasty, Krakow flourished. The Wawel castle was rebuilt in Renaissance style, the well known Zygmunt chapel was built and the Cloth Halls as well as the patrician houses have been restored. During the reign of King Sigismund III. Vasa the baroque style received introduction in Krakow. The Baroque University Church of St. Anne and the Church of Saints Peter and Paul were built in this period. In 1607 Warsaw was declared headquarters of the King, but Krakow retained its title of the Royal capital. Furthermore, it remained the place of coronations and funerals. Middle of the 17th century, the city was devastated by the Swedes, what at the beginning of the 18th century was produced again.

After the first partition of Poland, Krakow became a frontier town. Austria declared the settlement Podgorze separated city. After the second division in 1794, began the Polish national uprising. After its decline and the third partition of Poland the town fell to the Austrians, which on Wawel Hill caused numerous devastations and adapted buildings to the wishes and needs of the Army. 1809 Cracow was affiliated to the Grand Duchy of Warsaw. After the defeat of Napoleon, Krakow in the Vienna Convention of 1815 was declared Free City of Kraków. Then the remains of folk hero Tadeusz Kosciuszko and of Prince Jozef Poniatowski were brought back to the city. 1820-1823 on the rise of St. Bronislava a hill in honor of the leader of the popular uprising was built. Instead of the city walls, which were largely destroyed, they laid out supporting beams. 1846 Krakow lost its independence and the Austrians erected again on the Wawel barracks and they surrounded the Wawel with fortification complexes. However, Austria but has proved less tyrannical and so the city enjoyed a certain degree of growing cultural and political freedom. 1918 Krakow became the independence back.

Before the outbreak of the Second World War, in Krakow lived about 260,000 inhabitants, of which 65,000 belonged to the Jewish religion. During the war, also Krakow became witness of German war crimes. The for the greater part Jewish district of Kazimierz was eradicated. The Jews from now on lived in ghettos where they either were deported from there to Auschwitz or immediately shot. In spite of the plundering of the Nazis, Krakow became no scene for military combat operations and thus the only large Polish town escaping this fate. Therefore, its old architecture still almost completely is intact.

After the surrender of Germany and the Polish liberation, hastened the Communist government to inspire the traditional life and the city with a large steel plant in Nowa Huta. But the intensive rebuilding of the economy and industry rather promoted an ecological disaster. Buildings that had survived the war undamaged were now devoured and destroyed by acid rain and toxic gases. Carbon dioxide emissions grew so powerful that this has remained a serious and grave problem of the city. After the fall of the Communists and the fall of the Iron Curtain Krakow has benefited greatly from tourism and has adapted itself to a large extent to the Western culture.

www.polen-digital.de/krakau/geschichte/

An Information Session on Country Names took place during the Thirty-Ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT), which met in Geneva, Switzerland from April 23 to April 26, 2018.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

Photo of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” exhibition and cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.

 

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.

 

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Photo of the “Harvesting Hope: Empowering Earthquake Affected Provinces through Geographical Indications” exhibition, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Türkiye.

 

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, the exhibition featured origin-based products from Türkiye that benefit from geographical indication protection (GIs) – which helps them reach global markets, providing opportunities and jobs to communities, including in difficult times.

 

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 6-14, 2023.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Indication and direction.

Shibuya, Tokyo.

PENTAX K-1 Mark II + smc PENTAX-FA 35/2 AL

The Thirtieth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 4 to November 8, 2013.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

Indications of a Successful Walk

~Muddy Feet

~Sheltie Smile

~Tongue hanging

 

Maverick is my fourth sheltie in my lifetime (wow that's hard to believe!) The sheltie is my heart breed, if I have anything to say about it I will always have one or more. It doesn't bother me that they tend to bark, and have a lot of hair. To me they have a lot to say and a beautiful coat. Maverick is my first show prospect, though he like all before grew too tall. His official name is Akadia Steel N Hearts. We hope to enter some agility trials this year, he is going to be a LOT of fun!

The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

Photo of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” exhibition and cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.

 

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.

 

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

There's no indication on the outside what goes on inside this bright red building, or why the windows are bricked over.

 

My first shot of this building was a driveby which blurred the orchid tree (not then in bloom) too much. The second, the tree was in full (pink!) flower and a red car was parked directly in front of it, also centered on the building, making for a quirky picture, but a strange composition. This time, with most of the bloom past, the red/green contrast is stronger again, and the skateboarder helps de-centralize the composition. But I wish my camera had caught him on the far right, facing the center.

 

What do you think?

Speech by Roberto Azevêdo, Brazilian Permanent Representative at the World Trade Organization, in Geneva, for the Working Group on Trade, Debt, and Finances.

“I - Introduction

Mr. Chairman,

I must say that we are very pleased with the number of delegations and Permanent Representatives present here today. I would hope that this is an indication of the importance we all attach to the issues under discussion today, including this item of the agenda.

I will beg your multilateral indulgence for my longer than usual statement this morning, but I will cover two points in one go. First I’ll address the Note by the Secretariat, contained in document W/57, of 27 September 2011. Second, I’ll present the Submission by Brazil , circulated in document W/56, of 20 September 2011, when I’ll make a few explanatory remarks about a workshop we are proposing for the 1st quarter of 2012.

II - Note by the Secretariat: The Relationship Between Exchange Rates and International Trade; A Review of the Economic Literature (WT/WGTDF/W/57)

The Note by the Secretariat – document W/57 – is the first activity of the work program we approved last May. It is part of the first pillar of the Brazilian submission contained in document W/53, of 13 April.

My first remark is about the comprehensiveness of W/57. The literature that has been reviewed includes, in addition to relevant material selected by the Secretariat itself, approximately thirty papers, articles and books recommended directly by member countries. A sincere word of thanks should therefore go to Marc Auboin and his team for having spared no efforts in covering as much territory as possible and for having provided us with such a thorough and well-structured survey.

From the outset, let me say that we agree with the approach taken by the secretariat in the sense that our focus should not be the factors behind the determination of exchange rates, such as the choice of exchange rate arrangements or regimes or the enactment/impact of policies that ultimately determine exchange rate levels in each particular country. This type of analysis is better suited for other institutions, such as the IMF. Our focus should take exchange rate levels as a given, and then focus on the relationship with trade.

The secretariat explains in the review that there has been a shift in the focus of the debate on the relationship between exchange rates and international trade over the past few years.

Early focus on volatility x trade

Until the 2008 crisis, most studies were centred on the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on foreign trade, that is to say, whether aggregate trade flows would either decrease or increase in reaction to the uncertainty provoked by the greater level of volatility in exchange rates since the end, in the 70’s, of the gold exchange standard. On this topic, the secretariat concludes that the literature “remains somewhat ambiguous”. Nonetheless, from the wealth of information contained in the secretariat’s review, a few observations are of particular interest:

i. There is no question that exchange rate shifts affect international trade both in direct and indirect ways (para.7);

ii. Real exchange rates have a potentially strong impact on the incentive to allocate resources (para.8);

iii. Firms that also have a large domestic market react differently from those that rely solely- or mostly - on exports (para.14);

iv. Situations of“currency crisis” have required “painful adjustment in output and consumption” (para.27);

v. Least developed countries experience a negative relationship between exchange rate volatility and exports both in the short and in the long run (other economies have mostly no impact in the long run) (para.59);

vi. Sensitivity to volatility of exchange rates is reduced by the existence of factors such as: financial hedging; presence of imported inputs; presence of firms in global markets; possibility of invoicing in local currency; capacity to absorb losses; etc. (para.75) (let’s note that none of these elements are present in the smaller and less developed economies); and

vii. The impact is more clearly observed when one examines trade in a less aggregate way: bilateral instead of multi-country; firm or sector specific rather than all exports (para.60-62).

Recent focus on“misalignments”

More recently, especially after the 2008 financial crisis, the emphasis of the debate has shifted towards the trade impact of the so-called “misalignment” of exchange rates in particular countries. As the secretariat puts it, this “meant emphasis fell less on the variability and more on the real level of exchange rate”(unquote). This is more precisely directed to the type of apprehension that made Brazil suggest the work program. Our key concern is the impact, in the short-run, that a particular “misalignment” may cause, not on aggregate values, but on individual firms and sectors. However, as the secretariat concluded,“[i]n this area research is still in its infancy” (para.31).

Again, we could identify a few very interesting findings in this very early and infant research:

i. Effects are not noticeable in the long-run (a period in which all prices are fully flexible) (para.33);

ii. However, in the short-run, “movements in nominal exchange rates can alter relative prices and affect both the allocation of resources between non-tradeable and tradeable sectors and international trade flows.” (para.33);

iii. The impact will depend on many factors, such as existence of market failures or currency of invoices (para.34-35);

iv. A devaluation of the currency can play an important part in the growth process of developing countries (para.36);

v. Analysis of manufacturing export booms found that “changes in exchange rates were an important determinant of export increases” (para.41);

vi. Exchange rate changes tend to impact smaller economies more than the larger ones (para.48);

vii. Firms/sectors respond differently to exchange rate changes, depending on specific cost structure, pricing strategy and performance (para.49);

viii. Largest exporting firms respond better to exchange rate changes (they absorb changes into prices and trade volumes) than low performing firms (para.50) (smaller enterprises that none of these elements are present in the smaller and less developed economies); and

vii. The impact is more clearly observed when one examines trade in a less aggregate way: bilateral instead of multi-country; firm or sector specific rather than all exports (para.60-62).

Recent focus on“misalignments”

More recently, especially after the 2008 financial crisis, the emphasis of the debate has shifted towards the trade impact of the so-called “misalignment” of exchange rates in particular countries. As the secretariat puts it, this “meant emphasis fell less on the variability and more on the real level of exchange rate”(unquote). This is more precisely directed to the type of apprehension that made Brazil suggest the work program. Our key concern is the impact, in the short-run, that a particular “misalignment” may cause, not on aggregate values, but on individual firms and sectors. However, as the secretariat concluded,“[i]n this area research is still in its infancy” (para.31).

Again, we could identify a few very interesting findings in this very early and infant research:

i. Effects are not noticeable in the long-run (a period in which all prices are fully flexible) (para.33);

ii. However, in the short-run, “movements in nominal exchange rates can alter relative prices and affect both the allocation of resources between non-tradeable and tradeable sectors and international trade flows.” (para.33);

iii. The impact will depend on many factors, such as existence of market failures or currency of invoices (para.34-35);

iv. A devaluation of the currency can play an important part in the growth process of developing countries (para.36);

v. Analysis of manufacturing export booms found that “changes in exchange rates were an important determinant of export increases” (para.41);

vi. Exchange rate changes tend to impact smaller economies more than the larger ones (para.48);

vii. Firms/sectors respond differently to exchange rate changes, depending on specific cost structure, pricing strategy and performance (para.49);

viii. Largest exporting firms respond better to exchange rate changes (they absorb changes into prices and trade volumes) than low performing firms (para.50) (smaller enterprises suffer more).

Also here, one finds a more direct linkage between exchange rates and trade when there is a move from macro-economic aggregates - such as world or regional trade flows – to bilateral trade or sector-specific trade. This is a critical point, I should add, because what we are concerned about is the impact on the ground, at the level of firms or sectors. In fact, the more complex and large an economy is, the more difficult it is to identify the impact of misalignments with statistics of aggregate trade.

On the review conducted by the secretariat, let me conclude that this was an excellent effort. However, while it acknowledges a very intimate relationship between trade and exchange rates in many different ways, it also underscores how complex this issue is and how “infant” – to use the term employed by the secretariat– the literature still is on the topic of exchange rate“misalignments”, particularly with non-aggregated values. More work needs to be done here.

III – Submission by Brazil : Document WT/WGTDF/W/56, 20 September 2011

The second submission is a follow-up to the first one tabled by Brazil earlier this year. In its first part, the paper very briefly shows that exchange rate changes were discussed in the WTO in the past and were, in fact, at the root of disciplines that were negotiated to precisely offset any undue impact caused by those changes. That introduction of our submission intends to demonstrate that we were before in a position to develop tools to deal, in a very specific and surgical manner, with certain types of misalignments.

As we have seen above, studies on that type of impact are still embryonic. Before we even attempt a deeper discussion on this issue, we need to better understand it from several of its different angles.

More concretely, I recall that, in our meeting of last May, we decided to undertake a dedicated workshop in one of the sessions of the WGTDF. Brazil suggests that it take place in the first quarter of 2012. Brazil is open to explore the format and content of the workshop with the secretariat and other members. We would initially suggest a workshop divided in several segments that could explore the different perspectives from the private and public sector, from economists, from the different international organisations, with a segment also on the identification of existing relevant WTO disciplines. This could pave the way for later discussions on what kind of tools, if any, we could develop to address very specific situations of patent misalignment.

In our view, it should be open to member States, relevant international organizations and any other guests who may be invited to participate. The report of the workshop could then be sent to other relevant bodies of the WTO. It could also be published and made available to the public at large.

We do believe that this would be a very timely and significant contribution of the WTO to this debate. It may well stimulate and reinforce initiatives on the same subject at other international organizations and fora. It would also, of course, serve as a basis for future stages of our work programme when we might also have a fresher look at pillar two of our proposal.

Mr. Chairman and Colleagues,

These are only suggestions and a starting point. Of course it will be up to the full membership of the Working Group, under the very safe and able pair of hands of our Chairman, Ambasador Martin Glass, to refine these concepts for the workshop.

Thank you.”

Geneva, Oct. 24, 2011

  

Photo of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” exhibition and cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.

 

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.

 

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Photo of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” exhibition and cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.

 

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.

 

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Photo of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” exhibition and cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.

 

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.

 

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Durand Jones & The Indications - Cruisin' to the Park

 

Right-click link. Select "Open in New Window"

 

www.youtube.com/watch?v=lPLhTzq-TpY

 

+

 

Thee Sinseers - Seems Like

 

www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJq4qgT5RL0

Photo of the “Harvesting Hope: Empowering Earthquake Affected Provinces through Geographical Indications” exhibition, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Türkiye.

 

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, the exhibition featured origin-based products from Türkiye that benefit from geographical indication protection (GIs) – which helps them reach global markets, providing opportunities and jobs to communities, including in difficult times.

 

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 6-14, 2023.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The Thirty-Fourth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 16 to November 18, 2015.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

The Thirtieth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 4 to November 8, 2013.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

The Thirty-Ninth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 23 to April 26, 2018.

 

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

An indication of the state of the roof paintwork which is being stripped back through all the layers to bare metal. A long period of outside storage through its life is responsible for the mess

(for further information or pictures please go to the end of page and use the link!)

K.u.k. Military Geographical Institute

The k.u.k. Military Geographical Institute was an institution of the army of Austria-Hungary with its headquarters in Vienna. It was created on 7 January 1839 from the merger of the IR Military Geographic Institute and the Topographic-lithographic institute of kk Quartermaster General Staff and had its headquarters at the Friedrich-Schmidt-Platz 3 Vienna (at the two line (Tramway 2) behind the town hall, the roof of the building to this day adorns a giant globe).

Corporal of the Military Geographical Institute in Ausgangsadjustierung (dress uniform) without sidearm

History

The Institute emerged from similar establishment, which had been set up in Northern Italy under Napoleon. In 1800, a War Department of the Cisalpine Republic was created in Milan. This had to collect map data, 1802 was also established a Militärtopographen Corps (Corpo degl'Ingegneri Geography - Military Topographers), which was entrusted with the triangulation and the land survey. These institutions persisted in the later Austrian Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia: Emperor Franz I of Austria authorized by Handschreiben (letter in the Monarch's own hand) of 1 September 1814 the "interim Beybehaltung (maintenance) of the (military) Bureau topographique in Milan". The further development was influenced by the plans to create a general register of real-estate of the monarchy: the "Stable Cadastre", which was also known as Francis II land (Franziszeischer Kataster). As founding day is the 5th January 1818 assumed, that day was issued the imperial "resolution", in fact, to keep the Institute in Milan for the time being​​, but to move staff and work to the topographical bureau in Vienna and not to assign the Milan Institute any new work.

On 25 February 1839, most employees (military) from Milan had agreed with the dislocation in the capital of the monarchy, to Vienna. Excluded were only a few employees who retired because of age or health reasons, or could be put to other public services. With the public auction of remaining items that had not been taken to Vienna and otherwise not seemed usable any longer, ended on 21 November 1839 the history of the institute in Milan.

Till 1888 the name was, since 1868 contrary to the system, "kk Military Geographical Institute", only in 1889 was on Hungarian pressure for the army and its institutes the attachment "kuk" introduced as an indication pointing out that since the Compromise with Hungary of 1867 these were common institutions of both countries Austria-Hungary. It belonged in the field of competences of the Chief of General Staff and was from 1913 on directly subordinated to the Ministry of War.

Former Military Geographical Institute

Older archive documents were already destroyed before the First World War, documents of a later period, too, are not fully available anymore. More detailed information on the history of MGI are only in the collections of the Imperial War Council and the Quartermaster General Staff contained, which are located in the State Archives/Military Archives whereas the working documents (Operate) of the triangulations and the library are largely preserved. Also remained have the archive of the land survey, the map collection, the documents of the First and Second land survey being kept in the Austrian State Archives. Of the sheets of the third land survey had to be passed on to the successor states of the monarchy by the State Treaty of St. Germain those documents (map sheets, plates, etc.) in which was at least half of the area shown. Of these sheets, however, black and white copies are available.

The high quality of the in a short time available maps from the MGI was unprecedented, caused international sensation and brought the Military Geographical Institute a number of accolades. The staff of the MGI worked also outside the borders of the monarchy. So 1828 a Staff Captain got the order to create a sketch (Croquis) of the road from Belgrade to Constantinople, which thereupon was used in the elaboration of the new map of European Turkey. Correspondingly, relevant headhunting attempts were not missing: so one of the most well-known members of the MGI and head of the cartographic work, Joseph Ritter von Scheda, was asked three times," to enter the Russian service under the most brilliant conditions".

The recognition the cartographic survey of the then Turkish territory in southeastern Europe had got, led the Greek government as well to ask for assistance in surveying of its territory. Then a geodesic mission was formed, from 1889 in Greece working and training local staff. The recording of Greece was completed in 1896.

The MGI was in addition to its expertise in land surveying also a leader in matters of land map printing, the technical developments in lithography and engraving were attentively followed, applied and refined. 1846 at the MGI the electroforming was introduced: With this technique, from newly etched engraved copper plates for the time being a duplicate was generated, from that copy also multiple printing plates could be created. This procedure facilitated the production of large print runs of map sheets of consistent quality yet before the introduction of photomechanical gravure printing in 1869. Since 1876 were used lithographic quick presses, later aluminum printing plates. 1873 the production of new maps was changed from copper engraving to photogravure, the results were presented at the World Exhibition in Vienna. The advances in the printing technology and its use in MGI secured the card works wide distribution. The maps from the MGI, which were released for public dissemination were distributed by the art dealer Artaria in Vienna.

Task

The "organic regulations for the KuK Military Geographical Institute" contain following description:

"The military-geographic institute has got to produce the for the Army necessary cards. For this purpose is required: the geodetic surveying, Mappierung (mapping), the drawing and holding of evidence of the cards, finally, the reproduction and duplication of the same. For private persons relevant work could be procured, when official business conditions allow.

The commander ... is responsible for ensuring that the Institute could always meet as perfectly as possible the cartographic Befürfnissen (needs) of the army.

In particular, the group leaders have always to get in touch with the other parts of the institute and initiatively to promote works that are not assigned to them. They should check emerging innovations and make them usable for the Institute".

The field of competence of the MGI included the entire Austro-Hungarian monarchy. We are dealing here (after the loss of northern Italy and the gain of Bosnia and Herzegovina ) with an area of approximately 677,000 km², encompassing all of Central Europe topographic forms from steppe lands in Galicia up to the high mountain regions of the Alps.

In addition the MGI had to deal with the tasks of geodesy to keep the maps technically, too, geodetically up to date.

The MGI from 1881-1913 edited an own journal: The "Communications of the Imperial Royal (since 1889 Imperial and Royal) Military Geographical Institute. Published by order of the k (and) k Imperial War Ministry " - MMI. There can also be found works on the Institute in Milan.

Organization

Commander of the Institute was an officer in the rank of general. It consisted of five groups:

Astronomic-geodetic group

Mapping group

Topographic group

Technical Group

Management group

The staff consisted of field officers and chief officers, officials and technical assistants. The officers were organized in a technical and operational branch and assigned to the corresponding groups.

The technical officials bore the following titles:

Executive First Class (rank of Lieutenant Colonel)

Executive Second Class (rank of major)

Technical Offizial First Class (rank of Captain)

Technical Offizial Second Class (rank of Captain)

Technical Offizial Third Class (rank of Lieutenant)

Technical assistant (rank Lieutenant)

Plant managing officials:

Upper foreman First Class (rank of Captain)

Upper foreman Second Class (rank of Captain)

Foreman (rank of Lieutenant)

Foreman assistant (rank of Lieutenant)

The technical support staff consisted of foremen and technical assistants. The non-commissioned officers and other ranks came from the troops and bore regardless of their respective unit the following military rank labels: sergeant - accounting non-commissioned officer - commander - corporal - private first class - institute soldier (possibly private).

The MGI possessed two buildings: The "A-building" (main building) at the Landesgerichtsstraße was completed in 1842 and 1870/71 increased, the "B-building" with the cartographic service of the land survey in the Krotenthallergasse in Vienna-Josefstadt (8th district) was completed in 1905 ("new B-building"). This building was the successor of the "old B-building" which situated at the same location on the site of the former Josefstädterstraße cavalry barracks, which had been rebuilt in 1759 by Johann Thomas Trattner for his printery. Since 1875 was inside of it the "press department" of the Military Geographical Institute.

Uniform

Neither the technical nor the plant managing officials wore a portepee. Their military uniform was based on the artillery ordnance officials. They wore dark green tunics with black velvet collars and cuffs and a scarlet Passepoilierung (in sewing, piping). The blouse was also provided with green and black velvet, rotpassepoilierten Parolis (colored collar patch). With the technical officials the tunic was equipped with white, smooth buttons, with the plant managing officials, the buttons were smooth and yellow.

Team tunic

The non-commissioned officers and other ranks wore the Infanterietschako (infantry cap) to the dark green tunic, or pike-gray field cap to the pike-gray blouse. The tunic was equipped with a set of six yellow smooth buttons, scarlet collar, epaulettes and cuffs. Pantaloons and coats were made of pike-gray cloth, also with scarlet Parolis but without Passepoils. Non-commissioned officers up to inclusively corporal carried the infantry officer saber, plus the Kavallerieportepee (cavalry portepee). Corporals and institute soldiers wore the infantry saber.

Subsequent use

In Austria, the agendas of the MGI went after the First World War - in a long-winded process, lasting from 1 August 1919 until 25 February 1921 - over to the Federal Surveying Office and the Cartographic Institute (in the Krotenthallergasse 3), from the latter the Geodesy and Topography on 21 September 1923 in the Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying (BAfEuV, from 1982 BEV) being incorporated.

The map production lived as "Cartographic, formerly Military Geographical Institute" on, it was to run as a commercial state-owned enterprise. This institute was in 1938 with the BAfEuV (with elimination of the verification system - Eichwesen) merged into the "main surveying department XIV". 1945, it was reorganized as part of the BAfEuV with the name "Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying (Land Record)".

The abbreviation MGI also became the name of the calculated geodetic datum of this institute.

The sonorous name of this venerable institution provided the idea for the denomination of today's relevant military institution of the armed forces, of the Institute for Military Geowesen (IMG).

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K.u.k._Milit%C3%A4rgeographisches_I...

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