The Thirty-Fourth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 16 to November 18, 2015.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

Gordana and Dragan Dulovic, Cheese Producers from Lipovo, Montenegro, make Kolasin Lisnati sir (layered cheese) and also offer a farm stay experience on their Dulovic Farm

In northern Montenegro, FAO and EBRD, with funding from Luxembourg, helped farmers like Gordana and Dragan Dulovic get international recognition - Geographical Indication (GI) status - for some of their foods thanks to their high quality and unique production process.

Crnogorska Goveđa pršuta (Montenegrin dried beef meat) and Crnogorska Stelja (Montenegrin dried and smoked sheep meat) received GI status in 2018.

Inspired by the project, five additional products have been registered as GI, including Kolasin Lisnati sir (layered cheese), which is produced mainly by women.

To get the GI certification, the project staff worked with farmers, food processors and local authorities to help them upgrade their products’ food safety and quality standards. This included helping producers develop and agree on a code of practice that they must respect in order to sell their products under the GI label – for example, the food must come from the designated areas, and high quality and hygiene standards must be upheld. The project has also supported policy dialogue and development of appropriate food safety standards in the meat sector at the national level, and raised producers’ and consumers’ awareness about the new standards.

The GI-labelled dried beef, for example, must be made from the best cuts of fresh beef fed mostly on grass, salted with sea salt, beechwood-smoked and dried in the mountain air. This gives the meat its distinctive dark plum colour, consistency and texture and prevents any bitter taste.

By supporting local traditions to build better livelihoods and empower communities, FAO and the EBRD are working toward a world free of poverty and hunger.

Product Content：

1.Give clear indication of Stainless Steel Wire.

2.Be able to produce textile tools according to customer smaple.

3.Specification

Bended Gourd mold ,Circle Wire ,2.8(w)*0.6(t)(mm) ,220(al)*40(tl)(mm)

4.Linear Measure conversion: 1(mm)=0.3937(in); 1(mm)=0.00109(ya)

5.Measure Code: width(W) ,thickness(t) ,ahead length(al) ,tail length(tl)

Description:

This hook by twig is the perfect compliment to your weaving loom.

Not only is the hook perfect for threading your heddles; it is also perfect for threading your reed.

With its large turned plastic handle, leather wrist strap and beautifully finished, the hook fits comfortably into your hand and is easy to hold. It has an overall length of 28~34cm.

The big difference with this hook is the spur on the handle constantly tells you where the top of the hook is saving you from having to look and allowing you to withdraw the hook from either heddles or reed without catching.

This feature alone is a real time saver.

The hook itself is positive and holds your fiber until you want to let go of it.

“Buy one of these”; You will have no more cramp in the fingers. Try to hold one of those nylon reed hooks.

“Buy one of these”; the chances are you will throw away all your other weaving hooks…

Designed and made by a weaver for serious weavers.

You can add extra function for using such as with the leather thong over your wrist you never dropping this threading hook.

Available in Automatic Loom, Calender Machines, Circular Knitting Machines, Embossing Machines, Nonwoven Machines, Weaving Machines;in the passing yarn process, the yarn will join again to produce by the situation of dropping.

By the time you see the smoke of an electrical fire it’s far too late. Just what are the indication that inform you there may be an issue with your electrical wiring as well as you should hire an electrician?

A burning smell originating from devices or in spaces. Flickering or Flashing lights. Circuit breakers that constantly turn on and off. Tarnished wall surface electrical outlets. Fuses that constantly blow. Electrical outlets that trigger. Electrical outlets as well as changes that are warm to the touch. They’re all indications that inform you something is wrong with the electric system in your house. The longer you wait to obtain them dealt with, the higher the possibility of an electric fire. You should call an emergency electrician near me to repair your electrical circuits if you detect any of those signs.

Ultimately every home goes to threat of an electric fire. Why? Due to the fact that electric cables obtains broken – much like whatever else. Absolutely nothing lasts permanently.

Electric currents create warm waste. With time that warmth could trigger the conductor to broaden and also agreement. At some point it will certainly loosen up the link. As well as soon as it’s loosened, the power could arc. When this occurs the capacity for an electric fire is big.

Electrical Smells – Signs of electrical fire in walls

You could not see a little smoke, however might have the ability to scent it. If you scent smoke in your house, venture out and also call 911. Firemen will certainly react and also inspect your home. They are educated and also experienced in situating these troubles and also geared up with warmth discovery tools that could identify warm inside wall surfaces or various other surprise areas.

Too hot circuitry could develop smells and also will certainly need even more examination. You could should examine the breaker or fuse box to see if any kind of circuits are warmer compared to others; a thermal imager could assist with this.

Firemen must restrict their participation to confirming no fire exists, closing down ideal breakers where required and also referring the passenger to a certified electrical expert. Sometimes, drywall could have to be gotten rid of around “smoked” electrical outlets or various other electric tools, to validate there has actually been no fire spread. A burning odor in a home without recognizable resource could be terrifying. An electric fire at first has a rather acrid scent and also a brief that triggers a short shed has the exact same odor. Electric fires that capture bordering product ablaze, nevertheless, have an extremely various scent.

If a burning scent exists, specifically if it scents acrid, call an electrical expert instantly and also maintain a fire extinguisher helpful up until an electrical contractor could appear. In many cases, the brief remains in the electrical outlet, yet if it remains in the circuitry inside the wall surface, it could much more conveniently capture bordering products ablaze. In either case, house owners must additionally switch off the breaker or eliminate the fuse for that circuit till the electrical contractor could analyze the circuit.

On the various other hand, an electric smell, while commonly very easy to acknowledge, could be hard to locate. The smell of a getting too hot ballast is very easy to acknowledge, yet occasionally it is challenging to situate the annoying light. This is specifically real in a huge industrial structure with many fluorescent lights. In today’s houses and also organizations, there are several feasible resources of electric smells, making it tough for firemen to find the root cause of the smell. One more issue in locating electric smells is that often the resource is not electric in any way.

Structures with fluorescent illumination constantly have the possibility for an overheated light ballast. These emit an unique smell, however you could discover it hard to identify specifically which light overheated, especially if you cannot reach them. Look pointer: Visually inspect the lights for dimming light bulbs or one light that shows up dimmer compared to the others. Be certain upkeep workers or an electrical contractor is on hand to eliminate any type of issue system. Wait up until you could validate that the light has actually not sparked the ceiling, as warm ballasts touching flammable products on or over a ceiling have actually created countless framework fires. A thermal imager could be fairly convenient in looking for overheated ballasts.

Occasional Flashing, Flickering, or Dimming Lights – Are they predictors of electrical fires?

Dimming as well as flickering lights are an indicator of an overloaded circuit. As one more gadget transforms on in a circuit, particularly electric motor owned gadgets, they draw extra amps compared to when they run at a consistent speed. If it occurs typically, nevertheless, this could be an indication of damaged electrical wiring or a negative circuit breaker that requires to be changed.

Flickering or lowering lights might suggest a brief in the circuitry, hazardous arcing or an overextension of your home’s electric systems. Simply due to the fact that your circuit breaker hasn’t already stumbled, does not indicate there isn’t really an issue with your electric circuitry. One more signs and symptom of out dated or harmed electrical wiring is flickering, humming or lowering lights.

Either the links to the component or your home electric circuitry in the circuit breaker box might be loosened. Lowering lights is one more usual sign of circuit overload or inappropriate circuitry. Flickering lights could result from harmed component electrical wiring (specifically if it’s influencing simply one of 2 or even more components on the very same circuit), an issue with a mistake or the button someplace.

In all situations, call a certified electrical contractor immediately to arrange a maintenance.

Worn or Damaged Wires – Warning signs of electrical fire

Lots of times, electric circuitry and also cables end up being harmed over years of usage. Circuitry could be harmed inside and also result in shorts, arcing as well as fire. Examine all revealed cables and also circuitry on a routine basis as well as examine for damages.

House owners ought to end up being mindful of exactly what the safety and security worries are of old circuitry in their residences and also discover concerning 5 of the most usual electric circuitry caution indications. Electric parts as well as screening devices could be discovered at any kind of big-box home repair shop as well as at any kind of specialized electric elements shops As a word of care, nonetheless, if there is any kind of uncertainty regarding a home’s electric circuitry, particularly with old residences, it is frequently well worth the financial investment to have a qualified electrical contractor take a look at the home’s electric system.

Fractured insulation on expansion cables. Change expansion cables every couple of years. Detecting as well as fixing electric troubles could be complicated, so you’ll require to comply with safety and security treatments.

Without entirely undamaged insulation, electric circuitry is very hazardous. Stories of beginners making use of expansion cables for circuit electrical wiring are common. If you discover unacceptable electrical wiring anywhere in your residence, think the worst; it’s time for a total evaluation.

Keep an eye out for torn or eaten circuitry generally brought on by rats, family pets and also amateur handymen, any type of broken circuitry similar to this is a massive shock as well as fire threat. It’s of miraculous value that if you believe or discover that there is any type of troubles of this kind, you must get in touch with an electric service provider or electrical wiring specialist to check as well as change your home’s electrical wiring.

Running an expansion cable produces added factors where cables could kink, brief out or obtain squeezed, leading to stumbled breakers, harmed electrical outlets or also a fire. Use extension cables moderately and also for brief durations of time– throughout the vacations.

Circuit Breaker Keeps “Tripping” – Can a circuit breaker cause a fire?

Circuit breakers are made to “blow” when a circuit is over loaded. Circuit breakers aid to secure the home from fire by “tripping” when the circuit starts to overload by surpassing the number of amps the circuit is ranked for. If, nonetheless, the amp lots of the home appliances is much less compared to just what the circuit breaker or fuse is ranked for, after that there might be a brief in the circuitry someplace along the circuit.

If a circuit breaker journeys often, you must seek advice from an electrical expert. Circuit breakers as well as merges are created to stop working as a means to avoid overloading. If utilizing a solitary electrical outlet creates you to blow the exact same fuse repetitively, the circuit is most likely strained.

It’s flawlessly regular to go years without needing to reset a stumbled breaker or change a blown fuse. If you have a fuse box that blows relatively frequently, there’s a great chance it’s overwhelmed (the power needs on the circuit surpass its secure capability), or there could be a brief or mistake someplace in the circuitry run or on any type of gadgets linked to the circuit.

Circuit breakers could be examined with a circuit breaker tester if the device amp lots must not be stumbling the circuit. If the amp tons is reduced compared to the circuit ranking and also the circuit breaker is great, there is something incorrect with the electrical wiring as well as a qualified electrical contractor must be called out to check out and also repair the electrical wiring as quickly as feasible.

It’s usual for a home circuit breaker to journey. If your circuit breaker journeys often– numerous times a month or even more– that’s a proven indicator that there is a further, possibly unsafe trouble in your home’s electric circuitry.

How do you prevent an electrical fire?

Obtain a qualified electricician to come in to do an audit of the whole residence. Older residences require tender caring treatment, and also their covert electric circuitry is no various. Believe currently concerning exactly how you’ll manage these circumstances, you’re able to rapidly as well as properly determine the trouble as well as go back to solution for the following run.

These fire fighters made a video to help you learn how to prevent electrical fires:

Transform off the circuit breaker to that part of the system as well as call a certified and also experienced electrical expert if you recognize a caution indication within your home’s electric system. Electrical contractors have the capacity to compute appropriate circuit tons, examination the circuitry as well as situate any kind of troubles which might trigger a fire.

Maintaining your electric system in excellent repair is just one of one of the most crucial points you can do to maintain the safety and security of your home. Do not place off an examination by a certified electrical contractor if you come across any of the above signs and symptoms. The initiative you require to avoid more concerns might conserve you as well as your family members from a bothersome loss of power or a fatal home fire.

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Catarina Sarmento e Castro, Minister of Justice of Portugal, delivers remarks at the inauguration of the “Geographical Indications and Appellations of Origin from Portugal” exhibition, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Portugal.

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, the exhibition featured origin-based products from Portugal which benefit from intellectual property protection via geographical indications and appellations of origin.

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 6-14, 2023.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The Thirty-Sixth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 17 to October 19, 2016.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

Make a stop when you drive with your locomation item :) Look the road and indicators and don't be crazy !

Alfredo Rendón, Director General, Institute of Industrial Property of Mexico delivers remarks at the opening of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This should be an indication of how seriously I've taken the 'handmade movement' (reuse, repurpose, recycle). Here, we see your humble narrator scoring fold lines in sheets of cardboard to make shipping boxes for the toy wooden swords I sell out of my Etsy shop. I prefer to make them myself because A) I can make them quickly, B) I can make them whatever size I need, and C) I'm a cheap bastard.

The cardboard came from my day job where it started life as liners between stacks of plywood. The tool I'm using was bought years ago for the purpose of pressing the jute into the grooves for repairing screen windows, the swords themselves are all reclaimed lumber from said day job at the furniture manufacturing facility, and, heck, the clothes I'm wearing mostly came from that Big Online Auction website.

The Thirty-Fifth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 25 to April 27, 2016.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

The Postcard

A postally unused postcard bearing no studio name. There are no indications as to the identity of the girl or the location of the photograph. Note the girl's high lace-up boots.

Although the card was not posted, the girl in the photograph has written on the divided back:

"To Auntie Floss."

The card was posted to Auntie Floss in an envelope, and has left an impression of the postmark on the shiny surface of the photograph. The envelope containing the card was posted on the 25th. November 1907.

Pamela Mitford

So what else happened on Monday the 25th. November 1907?

Well, the day marked the birth of Pamela Freeman-Mitford. Pamela was one of the Mitford sisters.

Pamela Freeman-Mitford was the second daughter of David Freeman-Mitford, 2nd. Baron Redesdale, and Sydney Bowles (1880–1963).

John Betjeman, who for a time was in love with her, referred to her in his unpublished poem, The Mitford Girls, as the "most rural of them all" since she preferred to live quietly in the country.

They met when she was managing Biddesden, in Wiltshire, the house of her brother-in-law, Bryan Guinness, 2nd Baron Moyne.

In 1936, Pamela married the millionaire physicist Derek Jackson. Jackson was bisexual, and married six times.

They lived at Tullamaine Castle in Fethard, County Tipperary, with Jackson's bisexuality and womanizing raising some suspicions that it was a marriage of convenience.

In comparison to her sisters, Pamela lived a very quiet life. She took the traditional “female tasks” such as housekeeping very seriously, which is why her sister Nancy liked to call her “Woman”.

However, her life was everything but boring. She had quite a few adventures while traveling around Europe in her Morris Minor, and was one of the first female passengers on a transatlantic commercial flight.

After her divorce in 1951, Pamela spent much of the next twenty years as the companion of Giuditta Tommasi (died 1993), an Italian horsewoman.

Her sister Jessica described her as having become a "You-Know-What-bian", although Diana Mitford was less certain whether Pamela and Giuditta were lovers. They parted in 1972 when Pamela returned to the Cotswolds to live at Caundle Green.

Pamela died on the 12th. April 1994, in London at the age of 86.

John Stuart Hindmarsh

Also on that day, John Stuart Hindmarsh was born. John was an English racing car driver and aviator.

Hindmarsh was educated at Sherborne and then attended the Royal Military College. He joined the Royal Army Tank Corps in 1928, then in 1930 learned to fly with the Royal Air Force.

Hindmarsh also raced Talbot and Lagonda cars; he won the Le Mans 24-Hour Race in 1935 in a 4½ litre Lagonda Rapide with Luis Fontés (222 laps; 3007 km; average speed 125.3 km/h).

Hindmarsh was killed at the age of 30 while test flying a Hawker Hurricane at Brooklands on the 6th. September 1938; he is thought to have been overcome by carbon monoxide fumes in the cockpit. The aeroplane dived almost vertically into the ground and exploded at the foot of St. George's Hill, almost opposite the Vickers factory entrance.

John Stuart Hindmarsh's Family Life

Hindmarsh married the multiple record-breaking racing driver Violette Cordery on the 15th. September 1931 at Stoke D'Abernon parish church, and they had two daughters, one of whom married the racing driver Roy Salvadori.

After John's death in 1938, Cordery retired from public life until her death on the 30th. December 1983 in Oxshott, Surrey.

A small photo tour at Parc de la Tête d'Or, Lyon, France, to test the Pentacon lens 2.8/135 mm (former Meyer-Optik Görlitz Orestor) with a color film Kodak 200.

The lens was mounted on my Pentacon Praktica VLC3 SLR camera body equipped with its pentaprism eye-level finder and the micro prisms focusing screen. The 24-exposure Kodak 200 was exposed for 200 ISO using the camera reading or the indication of my Minolta Autometer III with a 10° finder for selective measurement. After exposure the film was processed by a local lab service using the C41 process.

November 11, 2022

Parc de la Tête d'Or

69006 Lyon

France

After process the film was digitalized using a Sony A7 body and a Minolta Slide Duplicator with a Minolta Auto Bellows III with a lens Minolta Bellow Macro Rokkor 50mm f/3.5.

All views of the film, including the the film initialization, are presented in the dedicated album either in printed framed versions and unframed full size jpeg.

About the lens:

The Pentacon electric 1:2.8 f=135mm is the former German Meyer-Optik Görlitz Orestor 2.8/135mm lens, conceived in the sixties on the basis of a Sonnar optical formula. The company and the lenses incorporated the VEB Pentacon Dresden, Germany, in the seventies. This sample was also modified to include the electric transmission of the aperture coupling. The Orestor has also a less common 100mm companion. The 135 mm was massively produced and most of the Praktica enthusiasts had the 2.8/135mm in their kit as a compact telephoto lens not too heavy to be transported anywhere.

About the camera:

The Praktica VLC is of the 3rd generation (VLC3, 1978-1981) and was manufactured by "VEB Pentacon" (formally Zeiss-Ikon) in Dresden, Germany. It came with orignal Pentacon accessories including, a shade hood for its normal lens Pentacon "electric Multi-coated" 1:1,8 f=50mm, a waist finder, a straight magnification finder, and the regular pentaprism. There are also 6 different focusing screens, the Pentacon hot shoe for a flash, lens and body caps, and a Praktica ever-ready case.

The camera has a CdS photometric circuitry powered by an unusual 4.5V battery that I replaced by a set of 3 LR44 alkaline batteries in series. As the ASAHI PENTAX Spomatic SP, the bridge circuit is insensitive to the voltage difference. To be independent of the finders, the cell is functioning behind the mirror as in the Topcon Super D or the Miranda Auto Sensorex EE.

This Praktica operates at full aperture using an electrical transmission of the aperture using 3 contacts on the M42 lens mount. It could however operates any non electric M42 lenses at real aperture too by acting on the rotary switch at the top left. As for the other Praktica of the L series the shutter is made of vertical steel curtains making the X-flash synchro at about 1/125 s.

Overall Pentacon produced 85 000 Praktica VLC between 1974 and 1981 among about 3 millions of Praktica "L" (LLC MTL TL L etc).

Photo of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” exhibition and cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The Thirty-Fifth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 25 to April 27, 2016.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

Photo of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” exhibition and cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The Thirty-Fifth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 25 to April 27, 2016.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

Photo of the “Geographical Indications and Appellations of Origin from Portugal” exhibition, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Portugal.

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, the exhibition featured origin-based products from Portugal which benefit from intellectual property protection via geographical indications and appellations of origin.

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 6-14, 2023.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

WIPO Director General Daren Tang with Ambassador Tatiana Molcean (left), Moldova’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations and other International Organizations in Geneva, and Chair of the WIPO General Assembly, and Catarina Sarmento e Castro (right), Minister of Justice of Portugal, at the inauguration of the “Geographical Indications and Appellations of Origin from Portugal” exhibition, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Portugal.

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, the exhibition featured origin-based products from Portugal which benefit from intellectual property protection via geographical indications and appellations of origin.

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 6-14, 2023.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The Embassy of Italy promotes Geographical Indications and Denominations of Protected Origin on the American market (Washington DC - December 16, 2019).

History of Kraków

First indications of the existence of Krakow approximately stem from the 7th century. In the next following centuries the tribe of Vistulans (Wislanie) populated Krakow, after they centuries ago in the as "Lesser Poland" or Malopolska known region had settled down. From the year 965 stems the first document from Krakow, as Abraham ben Jacob of Cordova, a Jewish merchant, in his book referred to the trading center of Krakow.

In 1000, the Diocese of Krakow was founded and in 1038 declared capital of the Piast dynasty. The Wawel castle and several churches were built in the 11th century and thus the town rapidly grew. 1241 the Mongols invaded the city and burned down Krakow without exception. 1138 Krakow became the seat of the senior prince. 1257 Kraków was awarded its town charter and a city map was drawn up, which remained until today. This one included the arrangement of the checkerboard street configuration with a centrally located market. On the market following the seat of the city government was built. From the historical trading functions until today only the Cloth Halls remained. But on the market not only trade agreements were closed but also courtly and urban festivities celebrated. Furthermore, the urban center served for executions. The defensive walls were built, which surrounded the city and linked it to the Wawel. In the south of Wawel Castle in 1335 the city of Kazimierz was created. By Royal command it was surrounded by defense walls and the churches of St. Catherine, of Corpus Christi and the "Na Skalce" were built. End of the 15th century, Jews settled the later Cracow district. 1364 the Cracow Academy of King Kazimierz Wielki was founded, the famous Polish Jagellonen-University.

With the last king of Jagellonian dynasty, Krakow flourished. The Wawel castle was rebuilt in Renaissance style, the well known Zygmunt chapel was built and the Cloth Halls as well as the patrician houses have been restored. During the reign of King Sigismund III. Vasa the baroque style received introduction in Krakow. The Baroque University Church of St. Anne and the Church of Saints Peter and Paul were built in this period. In 1607 Warsaw was declared headquarters of the King, but Krakow retained its title of the Royal capital. Furthermore, it remained the place of coronations and funerals. Middle of the 17th century, the city was devastated by the Swedes, what at the beginning of the 18th century was produced again.

After the first partition of Poland, Krakow became a frontier town. Austria declared the settlement Podgorze separated city. After the second division in 1794, began the Polish national uprising. After its decline and the third partition of Poland the town fell to the Austrians, which on Wawel Hill caused numerous devastations and adapted buildings to the wishes and needs of the Army. 1809 Cracow was affiliated to the Grand Duchy of Warsaw. After the defeat of Napoleon, Krakow in the Vienna Convention of 1815 was declared Free City of Kraków. Then the remains of folk hero Tadeusz Kosciuszko and of Prince Jozef Poniatowski were brought back to the city. 1820-1823 on the rise of St. Bronislava a hill in honor of the leader of the popular uprising was built. Instead of the city walls, which were largely destroyed, they laid out supporting beams. 1846 Krakow lost its independence and the Austrians erected again on the Wawel barracks and they surrounded the Wawel with fortification complexes. However, Austria but has proved less tyrannical and so the city enjoyed a certain degree of growing cultural and political freedom. 1918 Krakow became the independence back.

Before the outbreak of the Second World War, in Krakow lived about 260,000 inhabitants, of which 65,000 belonged to the Jewish religion. During the war, also Krakow became witness of German war crimes. The for the greater part Jewish district of Kazimierz was eradicated. The Jews from now on lived in ghettos where they either were deported from there to Auschwitz or immediately shot. In spite of the plundering of the Nazis, Krakow became no scene for military combat operations and thus the only large Polish town escaping this fate. Therefore, its old architecture still almost completely is intact.

After the surrender of Germany and the Polish liberation, hastened the Communist government to inspire the traditional life and the city with a large steel plant in Nowa Huta. But the intensive rebuilding of the economy and industry rather promoted an ecological disaster. Buildings that had survived the war undamaged were now devoured and destroyed by acid rain and toxic gases. Carbon dioxide emissions grew so powerful that this has remained a serious and grave problem of the city. After the fall of the Communists and the fall of the Iron Curtain Krakow has benefited greatly from tourism and has adapted itself to a large extent to the Western culture.

www.polen-digital.de/krakau/geschichte/

The Thirty-Fifth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from April 25 to April 27, 2016.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

The Thirty-Sixth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 17 to October 19, 2016.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

The Thirty-Fourth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 16 to November 18, 2015.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

History of Kraków

First indications of the existence of Krakow approximately stem from the 7th century. In the next following centuries the tribe of Vistulans (Wislanie) populated Krakow, after they centuries ago in the as "Lesser Poland" or Malopolska known region had settled down. From the year 965 stems the first document from Krakow, as Abraham ben Jacob of Cordova, a Jewish merchant, in his book referred to the trading center of Krakow.

In 1000, the Diocese of Krakow was founded and in 1038 declared capital of the Piast dynasty. The Wawel castle and several churches were built in the 11th century and thus the town rapidly grew. 1241 the Mongols invaded the city and burned down Krakow without exception. 1138 Krakow became the seat of the senior prince. 1257 Kraków was awarded its town charter and a city map was drawn up, which remained until today. This one included the arrangement of the checkerboard street configuration with a centrally located market. On the market following the seat of the city government was built. From the historical trading functions until today only the Cloth Halls remained. But on the market not only trade agreements were closed but also courtly and urban festivities celebrated. Furthermore, the urban center served for executions. The defensive walls were built, which surrounded the city and linked it to the Wawel. In the south of Wawel Castle in 1335 the city of Kazimierz was created. By Royal command it was surrounded by defense walls and the churches of St. Catherine, of Corpus Christi and the "Na Skalce" were built. End of the 15th century, Jews settled the later Cracow district. 1364 the Cracow Academy of King Kazimierz Wielki was founded, the famous Polish Jagellonen-University.

With the last king of Jagellonian dynasty, Krakow flourished. The Wawel castle was rebuilt in Renaissance style, the well known Zygmunt chapel was built and the Cloth Halls as well as the patrician houses have been restored. During the reign of King Sigismund III. Vasa the baroque style received introduction in Krakow. The Baroque University Church of St. Anne and the Church of Saints Peter and Paul were built in this period. In 1607 Warsaw was declared headquarters of the King, but Krakow retained its title of the Royal capital. Furthermore, it remained the place of coronations and funerals. Middle of the 17th century, the city was devastated by the Swedes, what at the beginning of the 18th century was produced again.

After the first partition of Poland, Krakow became a frontier town. Austria declared the settlement Podgorze separated city. After the second division in 1794, began the Polish national uprising. After its decline and the third partition of Poland the town fell to the Austrians, which on Wawel Hill caused numerous devastations and adapted buildings to the wishes and needs of the Army. 1809 Cracow was affiliated to the Grand Duchy of Warsaw. After the defeat of Napoleon, Krakow in the Vienna Convention of 1815 was declared Free City of Kraków. Then the remains of folk hero Tadeusz Kosciuszko and of Prince Jozef Poniatowski were brought back to the city. 1820-1823 on the rise of St. Bronislava a hill in honor of the leader of the popular uprising was built. Instead of the city walls, which were largely destroyed, they laid out supporting beams. 1846 Krakow lost its independence and the Austrians erected again on the Wawel barracks and they surrounded the Wawel with fortification complexes. However, Austria but has proved less tyrannical and so the city enjoyed a certain degree of growing cultural and political freedom. 1918 Krakow became the independence back.

Before the outbreak of the Second World War, in Krakow lived about 260,000 inhabitants, of which 65,000 belonged to the Jewish religion. During the war, also Krakow became witness of German war crimes. The for the greater part Jewish district of Kazimierz was eradicated. The Jews from now on lived in ghettos where they either were deported from there to Auschwitz or immediately shot. In spite of the plundering of the Nazis, Krakow became no scene for military combat operations and thus the only large Polish town escaping this fate. Therefore, its old architecture still almost completely is intact.

After the surrender of Germany and the Polish liberation, hastened the Communist government to inspire the traditional life and the city with a large steel plant in Nowa Huta. But the intensive rebuilding of the economy and industry rather promoted an ecological disaster. Buildings that had survived the war undamaged were now devoured and destroyed by acid rain and toxic gases. Carbon dioxide emissions grew so powerful that this has remained a serious and grave problem of the city. After the fall of the Communists and the fall of the Iron Curtain Krakow has benefited greatly from tourism and has adapted itself to a large extent to the Western culture.

www.polen-digital.de/krakau/geschichte/

The Embassy of Italy promotes Geographical Indications and Denominations of Protected Origin on the American market (Washington DC - December 16, 2019).

Photo of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” exhibition and cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The Thirtieth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 4 to November 8, 2013.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

Photo of the inauguration event of the “Geographical Indications and Appellations of Origin from Portugal” exhibition, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Portugal.

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, the exhibition featured origin-based products from Portugal which benefit from intellectual property protection via geographical indications and appellations of origin.

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 6-14, 2023.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Corporal Cameron Hardie gives target indications to Private Roger Ferris on the Mag .58 during an urban operations scenario conducted by Alpha Company, 1st Battalion, The Royal Australian Regiment (1RAR) at Marine Corps Base Hawaii (MCBH), Kaneohe Bay during RIMPAC 12.

Mid Caption: Soldiers from the 1st Battalion, The Royal Australian Regiment (1 RAR) are working with the 1st Battalion, 3rd Marines in a series of urban operations training, live fire range practices and amphibious operations. Engineers from 3 Combat Engineer Regiment and 4th Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery are supporting the infantry along with cavalry and medical specialists. During RIMPAC 12, the soldiers will train alongside the Marines in their Amtrak amphibious vehicles before boarding the United States Ship Essex (USS Essex). The exercise will culminate with an amphibious beach landing and assault at the Marine Corps Base Hawaii.

Photo by: CPL Christopher Dickson

1st Joint Public Affairs Unit

_IGP7306

An indication of the state of the roof paintwork which is being stripped back through all the layers to bare metal. A long period of outside storage through its life is responsible for the mess

The Thirty-Sixth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 17 to October 19, 2016.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

Photo of the “Geographical Indications and Appellations of Origin from Portugal” exhibition, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Portugal.

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, the exhibition featured origin-based products from Portugal which benefit from intellectual property protection via geographical indications and appellations of origin.

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 6-14, 2023.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

A Clear indication is lit up at West Gibb CP with traffic idling in the side track. That indication was lit up for Westbound BNSF Manifest train that was due to pass soon on this November morning.

View this catch on YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sf-pyzlTak&t= @ 08:36 mark

-BNSF 6321: GE ES44AC

-West Gibb Siding MP: 43.7

-BNSF: Hannibal Subdivision

-Highway C, St. Charles, MO

-November 18th, 2018 @ 11:55 AM

History of Kraków

First indications of the existence of Krakow approximately stem from the 7th century. In the next following centuries the tribe of Vistulans (Wislanie) populated Krakow, after they centuries ago in the as "Lesser Poland" or Malopolska known region had settled down. From the year 965 stems the first document from Krakow, as Abraham ben Jacob of Cordova, a Jewish merchant, in his book referred to the trading center of Krakow.

In 1000, the Diocese of Krakow was founded and in 1038 declared capital of the Piast dynasty. The Wawel castle and several churches were built in the 11th century and thus the town rapidly grew. 1241 the Mongols invaded the city and burned down Krakow without exception. 1138 Krakow became the seat of the senior prince. 1257 Kraków was awarded its town charter and a city map was drawn up, which remained until today. This one included the arrangement of the checkerboard street configuration with a centrally located market. On the market following the seat of the city government was built. From the historical trading functions until today only the Cloth Halls remained. But on the market not only trade agreements were closed but also courtly and urban festivities celebrated. Furthermore, the urban center served for executions. The defensive walls were built, which surrounded the city and linked it to the Wawel. In the south of Wawel Castle in 1335 the city of Kazimierz was created. By Royal command it was surrounded by defense walls and the churches of St. Catherine, of Corpus Christi and the "Na Skalce" were built. End of the 15th century, Jews settled the later Cracow district. 1364 the Cracow Academy of King Kazimierz Wielki was founded, the famous Polish Jagellonen-University.

With the last king of Jagellonian dynasty, Krakow flourished. The Wawel castle was rebuilt in Renaissance style, the well known Zygmunt chapel was built and the Cloth Halls as well as the patrician houses have been restored. During the reign of King Sigismund III. Vasa the baroque style received introduction in Krakow. The Baroque University Church of St. Anne and the Church of Saints Peter and Paul were built in this period. In 1607 Warsaw was declared headquarters of the King, but Krakow retained its title of the Royal capital. Furthermore, it remained the place of coronations and funerals. Middle of the 17th century, the city was devastated by the Swedes, what at the beginning of the 18th century was produced again.

After the first partition of Poland, Krakow became a frontier town. Austria declared the settlement Podgorze separated city. After the second division in 1794, began the Polish national uprising. After its decline and the third partition of Poland the town fell to the Austrians, which on Wawel Hill caused numerous devastations and adapted buildings to the wishes and needs of the Army. 1809 Cracow was affiliated to the Grand Duchy of Warsaw. After the defeat of Napoleon, Krakow in the Vienna Convention of 1815 was declared Free City of Kraków. Then the remains of folk hero Tadeusz Kosciuszko and of Prince Jozef Poniatowski were brought back to the city. 1820-1823 on the rise of St. Bronislava a hill in honor of the leader of the popular uprising was built. Instead of the city walls, which were largely destroyed, they laid out supporting beams. 1846 Krakow lost its independence and the Austrians erected again on the Wawel barracks and they surrounded the Wawel with fortification complexes. However, Austria but has proved less tyrannical and so the city enjoyed a certain degree of growing cultural and political freedom. 1918 Krakow became the independence back.

Before the outbreak of the Second World War, in Krakow lived about 260,000 inhabitants, of which 65,000 belonged to the Jewish religion. During the war, also Krakow became witness of German war crimes. The for the greater part Jewish district of Kazimierz was eradicated. The Jews from now on lived in ghettos where they either were deported from there to Auschwitz or immediately shot. In spite of the plundering of the Nazis, Krakow became no scene for military combat operations and thus the only large Polish town escaping this fate. Therefore, its old architecture still almost completely is intact.

After the surrender of Germany and the Polish liberation, hastened the Communist government to inspire the traditional life and the city with a large steel plant in Nowa Huta. But the intensive rebuilding of the economy and industry rather promoted an ecological disaster. Buildings that had survived the war undamaged were now devoured and destroyed by acid rain and toxic gases. Carbon dioxide emissions grew so powerful that this has remained a serious and grave problem of the city. After the fall of the Communists and the fall of the Iron Curtain Krakow has benefited greatly from tourism and has adapted itself to a large extent to the Western culture.

www.polen-digital.de/krakau/geschichte/

Photo of the inauguration event of the “Geographical Indications and Appellations of Origin from Portugal” exhibition, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Portugal.

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, the exhibition featured origin-based products from Portugal which benefit from intellectual property protection via geographical indications and appellations of origin.

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 6-14, 2023.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Bok Nebula ESO 9934 with indication for a Herbig Haro Micro Black Hole system inside. According to Quantum FFF Theory, star spots are micro Black Holes. After stellar explosions these starspots will search for companions and for dual BH systems just as is found for macro Herbig Haro systems.

Two aligned stellar? ( gas globules or failed stars) strings (A) are observed, starting from the central white hole (B) located between the micro-Herbig Haro Black Holes (C)

The size of the dual BHs is assumed to be responsible for the lack of real star formation.

see: www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2012/11/aa19139-12.pdf

and:

vixra.org/abs/1505.0101

For star producing open star clusters, it is assumed that the central star is the start of a so called open star cluster, producing multiple stars by a what I call a "Hula Hoop" instability star splitting process.

This Hula Hoop process is recently observed by the Spitzer satellite, (2013) showing two "Hula Hoop"stars accelerated away from a central mother star.

If the rotating central star is growing by the gas supply and accelerated by electrical Birkeland currents, it is stabilized by these Birkeland currents and the structure of the oscillating Higgs vacuum in between the two H-H lobes or black holes..

However at some moment, the star will reach its maximum mass, as a result it will start to wobble like a rugby ball and eventual split into three stars, the start of an open star cluster, which is what the Nasa Spitzer telescope showed us.

CONCLUSION:

So called super stellar nurseries only form in between two or more large new physics black holes observed as Herbig Haro Bow shocks.

This seems only possible in the early universe or if Galaxy Anchor black holes meet each other inside merger galaxies.

In more recent galaxies we find open star clusters as the result of Supernova nebula produced black holes.

The single SN black hole has to travel far to find a partner to form an HH system.

The multiple "sunspot" black holes however are supposed to take over the forming of Herbig haro systems. Dependent of the size of these starspot black holes HH systems will be formed to form open star clusters producing real stars, or Bok globules to form smaller open star clusters producing smaller "hula hoop" stars ( or failed stars) in between.

1914 postmarked postcard view of Main Street in Valparaiso, Indiana. The postmark date is not necessarily a good indication of when the postcard was produced. The photographer was standing in the Washington Street intersection and looking at the businesses to the east along the north side of Main Street. The courthouse was just outside of the view on the right.

According to the 1886, 1892, 1899 and 1905 Sanborn™ fire insurance map sets for Valparaiso, the business space on the northeast corner at Washington Street was shared by jewelry and drug businesses. Two trade symbols hung from the building: A pharmacist’s mortar and pestle and a jeweler’s oversize pocket watch. The fringe on the unfurled awning advertised WATCHES and the sign below a display window advertised ENGRAVING. A 1902 Indiana business directory¹ listed W. C. Letherman as the druggist and George F. Beach as the jeweler. In this postcard scene, the name BEN S. WALLICK was printed on the nearest awning. Mr. Wallick was also a pharmacist and may have succeeded Mr. Letherman at this location. The 1899 map set also showed a cigar factory occupying this same space. The 1902 Indiana business directory listed George B. Feighner as the proprietor of the cigar factory. The 1910 map set showed only the drugstore in this space.

A barber’s pole stood in front of the building next door (3 East Main Street). The 1905 map set shows a barbershop in the basement at that location, but the 1910 map set doesn’t mention the barber or the basement. The 1902 Valparaiso directory listed J. T. Massey as the barber at that address.

The sign on the third floor of that second building is presented more clearly in another postcard scene; it advertised a DANCING SCHOOL. The GEORGE LA FORCE SHOE store sign at 5 East Main Street seems to be misplaced. None of the map sets show a shoe store at this location, but the 1905 and 1910 map sets show a boots and shoes business near the east end of the block (21 East Main Street). A circa 1910 postcard shows a sign at that address advertising MITCHEL LA FORCE BOOTS _____ . The awning advertised SHOES. The Indiana directory and a 1902 Valparaiso directory² listed M. La Force in the shoes business at 20 East Mechanic Street. The 1910 map set shows a dry goods business at 3 East Main Street and indicated boots and shoes were sold in that store.

The 1902 Valparaiso directory and a 1914 national directory of dentists³ each listed seven dentists in the city. Four of the dentists were listed in both directories and there were two partnerships identified in the 1914 directory. Three business signs for dentists, including at least one partnership, were visible in this city block. The nearest of those signs advertised DENTISTS and was hanging from the building at 5 East Main Street. Both 1902 directories listed only A. J. Homfeld at this address, but another postcard that also happens to have a 1914 postmark clearly shows a different sign advertising DR. M. RUGE DENTIST. In 1902, Pagin and Ruge were practicing at 23 Main Street. They were apparently practicing separately in 1914.

The Sanborn™ map sets did not normally identify professional offices, but the 1892 map set does show dentists on the second floor of the buildings at 7 and 9 East Main Street. The names of the dentists on the signs at those addresses are unreadable in this postcard scene, and those signs didn’t exist when the other previously mentioned postcard with the 1914 postmark was produced. Neither of the 1902 business directories listed a dentist at 7 East Main Street, but both listed H. N. Renner at 9 East Main Street. The 1914 national directory of dentists didn’t list H. N. Renner as a practicing dentist, but Marx Ruge was listed as a Valparaiso dentist.

Below that second of the three dentist signs, at 7 East Main Street, the business sign advertised _____ GIETZ. Neither 1902 directory listed that name. The 1905 map set showed a jewelry business at this address while the 1910 map set showed a jeweler and a tailor doing business at this location.

A large BAKERY sign was painted on the side of the building (13 East Main Street) east of the alley. The Mikalas & Vasilas Boston Confectionery had been at this address when the 1902 Indiana directory was published. The listing in the Valparaiso directory spelled the names Mikalos & Vaselos. They were selling homemade candy as well as cigars and tobacco, but the BAKERY sign belonged to the S. C. Billings Columbia Bakery. That business had been located at 22 North Washington Street when the 1902 Valparaiso directory was published. The 1905 Sanborn™ fire insurance map set for Valparaiso showed a bakery at that location. The 1910 map set shows a bakery at 13 East Main Street and a plumbing business at 22 North Washington Street. Another postcard view of this building shows the bakery’s awning with the name, S. C. BILLINGS printed on the fringe.

Every map set from 1886 to 1910 showed a photography studio on the second floor at 13 East Main Street. The 1902 Valparaiso directory included an advertisement for Reading’s Photographic Studio and Art Room at 13-15 East Main Street. This was A. H. Reading.

1. Johnson’s Business and Professional Directory (Washington, D. C.: Johnson Publishing Co., 1902). Available online at archive.org/details/johnsonsbusiness190203wash.

2. Bumstead’s Valparaiso City and Porter County Business Directory 1902, Vol. II (Chicago, IL: Bumstead & Co., 1902). Available online at www.archive.org/stream/valparaisoindian1902polk#page/n31/....

3. Polk’s Dental Register and Directory of the United States and Canada, Eleventh Edition (Detroit, Michigan: R. L. Polk & Co., 1914). Available online at books.google.com/books?id=7Hk5AQAAMAAJ&printsec=front....

From the collection of Thomas Keesling.

The full postcard image can be seen here.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/6199554180/in...

Copyright 2003-2018 Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This creative JPG file package is an original compilation of materials and data. The package is unique, consisting of a wide variety of related and integrated components. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.

Female Allergory

Early 16th century. Marble. From the Habsburg-Este Collection

This charming sculpture with a sophisticated haristyle and finely modelled features is reminiscent of a private portrait. The "Greek" nose, however, is not typical of an individual portrait and - like the highly detailled hair - is indebted to the depictions of gods and goddesses of classical antiquity.

Thus this is most likely a decorative allegory, perhaps of one of the virtues or a personification, auch as Spring or Youth. There must have been more precise indications of the meaning on the bust, which has been lost.

Simone Bianco, zugeschrieben (1480-90 - ca. 1553), tätig in Venedig

Weibliche Allegorie

Frühes 16. Jahrhundert, Marmor. Aus der Sammlung Habsburg-Este.

Das reizvolle Bildnis mit seiner raffinierten Frisur und den fein modellierten Gesichtszügen lässt an ein Privatpoträt denken. Für eine individuelle Darstellung ist jedoch die "griechische" Nase untypisch und - wie die detailverliebte Frisur - antiken Götterdarstellungen verpflichtet. Es handelt sich daher wohl eher um eine dekorative Allegorie, vielleicht um eine Tugend oder eine Personifikation wie der Frühling oder die Jugend. Genauere Hinweise zur Deutung befanden sich zweifellos auf der heute verlorenen Büste.

Austria Kunsthistorisches Museum

Federal Museum

Logo KHM

Regulatory authority (ies)/organs to the Federal Ministry for Education, Science and Culture

Founded 17 October 1891

Headquartered Castle Ring (Burgring), Vienna 1, Austria

Management Sabine Haag

www.khm.at website

Main building of the Kunsthistorisches Museum at Maria-Theresa-Square

The Kunsthistorisches Museum (KHM abbreviated) is an art museum in Vienna. It is one of the largest and most important museums in the world. It was opened in 1891 and 2012 visited of 1.351.940 million people.

The museum

The Kunsthistorisches Museum is with its opposite sister building, the Natural History Museum (Naturhistorisches Museum), the most important historicist large buildings of the Ringstrasse time. Together they stand around the Maria Theresa square, on which also the Maria Theresa monument stands. This course spans the former glacis between today's ring road and 2-line, and is forming a historical landmark that also belongs to World Heritage Site Historic Centre of Vienna.

History

Archduke Leopold Wilhelm in his Gallery

The Museum came from the collections of the Habsburgs, especially from the portrait and armor collections of Ferdinand of Tyrol, the collection of Emperor Rudolf II (most of which, however scattered) and the art collection of Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into existence. Already In 1833 asked Joseph Arneth, curator (and later director) of the Imperial Coins and Antiquities Cabinet, bringing together all the imperial collections in a single building .

Architectural History

The contract to build the museum in the city had been given in 1858 by Emperor Franz Joseph. Subsequently, many designs were submitted for the ring road zone. Plans by August Sicard von Sicardsburg and Eduard van der Null planned to build two museum buildings in the immediate aftermath of the Imperial Palace on the left and right of the Heroes' Square (Heldenplatz). The architect Ludwig Förster planned museum buildings between the Schwarzenberg Square and the City Park, Martin Ritter von Kink favored buildings at the corner Währingerstraße/ Scots ring (Schottenring), Peter Joseph, the area Bellariastraße, Moritz von Loehr the south side of the opera ring, and Ludwig Zettl the southeast side of the grain market (Getreidemarkt).

From 1867, a competition was announced for the museums, and thereby set their current position - at the request of the Emperor, the museum should not be too close to the Imperial Palace, but arise beyond the ring road. The architect Carl von Hasenauer participated in this competition and was able the at that time in Zürich operating Gottfried Semper to encourage to work together. The two museum buildings should be built here in the sense of the style of the Italian Renaissance. The plans got the benevolence of the imperial family. In April 1869, there was an audience with of Joseph Semper at the Emperor Franz Joseph and an oral contract was concluded, in July 1870 was issued the written order to Semper and Hasenauer.

Crucial for the success of Semper and Hasenauer against the projects of other architects were among others Semper's vision of a large building complex called "Imperial Forum", in which the museums would have been a part of. Not least by the death of Semper in 1879 came the Imperial Forum not as planned for execution, the two museums were built, however.

Construction of the two museums began without ceremony on 27 November 1871 instead. Semper moved to Vienna in the sequence. From the beginning, there were considerable personal differences between him and Hasenauer, who finally in 1877 took over sole construction management. 1874, the scaffolds were placed up to the attic and the first floor completed, built in 1878, the first windows installed in 1879, the Attica and the balustrade from 1880 to 1881 and built the dome and the Tabernacle. The dome is topped with a bronze statue of Pallas Athena by Johannes Benk.

The lighting and air conditioning concept with double glazing of the ceilings made ​​the renunciation of artificial light (especially at that time, as gas light) possible, but this resulted due to seasonal variations depending on daylight to different opening times .

Kuppelhalle

Entrance (by clicking the link at the end of the side you can see all the pictures here indicated!)

Grand staircase

Hall

Empire

The Kunsthistorisches Museum was on 17 October 1891 officially opened by Emperor Franz Joseph I. Since 22 October 1891 , the museum is accessible to the public. Two years earlier, on 3 November 1889, the collection of arms, Arms and Armour today, had their doors open. On 1 January 1890 the library service resumed its operations. The merger and listing of other collections of the Highest Imperial Family from the Upper and Lower Belvedere, the Hofburg Palace and Ambras in Tyrol will need another two years.

189, the farm museum was organized in seven collections with three directorates:

Directorate of coins, medals and antiquities collection

The Egyptian Collection

The Antique Collection

The coins and medals collection

Management of the collection of weapons, art and industrial objects

Weapons collection

Collection of industrial art objects

Directorate of Art Gallery and Restaurieranstalt (Restoration Office)

Collection of watercolors, drawings, sketches, etc.

Restoration Office

Library

Very soon the room the Court Museum (Hofmuseum) for the imperial collections was offering became too narrow. To provide temporary help, an exhibition of ancient artifacts from Ephesus in the Theseus Temple was designed. However, additional space had to be rented in the Lower Belvedere.

1914, after the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne, his " Estonian Forensic Collection " passed to the administration of the Court Museum. This collection, which emerged from the art collection of the house of d' Este and world travel collection of Franz Ferdinand, was placed in the New Imperial Palace since 1908. For these stocks, the present collection of old musical instruments and the Museum of Ethnology emerged.

The First World War went by, apart from the oppressive economic situation without loss. The farm museum remained during the five years of war regularly open to the public.

Until 1919 the K.K. Art Historical Court Museum was under the authority of the Oberstkämmereramt (head chamberlain office) and belonged to the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. The officials and employees were part of the royal household.

First Republic

The transition from monarchy to republic, in the museum took place in complete tranquility. On 19 November 1918 the two imperial museums on Maria Theresa Square were placed under the state protection of the young Republic of German Austria. Threatening to the stocks of the museum were the claims raised in the following weeks and months of the "successor states" of the monarchy as well as Italy and Belgium on Austrian art collection. In fact, it came on 12th February 1919 to the violent removal of 62 paintings by armed Italian units. This "art theft" left a long time trauma among curators and art historians.

It was not until the Treaty of Saint-Germain of 10 September 1919, providing in Article 195 and 196 the settlement of rights in the cultural field by negotiations. The claims of Belgium, Czechoslovakia, and Italy again could mostly being averted in this way. Only Hungary, which presented the greatest demands by far, was met by more than ten years of negotiation in 147 cases.

On 3 April 1919 was the expropriation of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine by law and the acquisition of its property, including the "Collections of the Imperial House" , by the Republic. Of 18 June 1920 the then provisional administration of the former imperial museums and collections of Este and the secular and clergy treasury passed to the State Office of Internal Affairs and Education, since 10 November 1920, the Federal Ministry of the Interior and Education. A few days later it was renamed the Art History Court Museum in the "Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna State", 1921 "Kunsthistorisches Museum" . Of 1st January 1921 the employees of the museum staff passed to the state of the Republic.

Through the acquisition of the former imperial collections owned by the state, the museum found itself in a complete new situation. In order to meet the changed circumstances in the museum area, designed Hans Tietze in 1919 the "Vienna Museum program". It provided a close cooperation between the individual museums to focus at different houses on main collections. So dominated exchange, sales and equalizing the acquisition policy in the interwar period. Thus resulting until today still valid collection trends. Also pointing the way was the relocation of the weapons collection from 1934 in its present premises in the New Castle, where since 1916 the collection of ancient musical instruments was placed.

With the change of the imperial collections in the ownership of the Republic the reorganization of the internal organization went hand in hand, too. Thus the museum was divided in 1919 into the Egyptian and Near Eastern Collection (with the Oriental coins)

Collection of Classical Antiquities

Collection of ancient coins

Collection of modern coins and medals

Weapons collection

Collection of sculptures and crafts with the Collection of Ancient Musical Instruments

Picture Gallery

The Museum 1938-1945

Count Philipp Ludwig Wenzel Sinzendorf according to Rigaud. Clarisse 1948 by Baroness de Rothschildt "dedicated" to the memory of Baron Alphonse de Rothschildt; restituted to the Rothschilds in 1999, and in 1999 donated by Bettina Looram Rothschild, the last Austrian heiress.

With the "Anschluss" of Austria to the German Reich all Jewish art collections such as the Rothschilds were forcibly "Aryanised". Collections were either "paid" or simply distributed by the Gestapo at the museums. This resulted in a significant increase in stocks. But the KHM was not the only museum that benefited from the linearization. Systematically looted Jewish property was sold to museums, collections or in pawnshops throughout the empire.

After the war, the museum struggled to reimburse the "Aryanised" art to the owners or their heirs. They forced the Rothschild family to leave the most important part of their own collection to the museum and called this "dedications", or "donations". As a reason, was the export law stated, which does not allow owners to perform certain works of art out of the country. Similar methods were used with other former owners. Only on the basis of international diplomatic and media pressure, to a large extent from the United States, the Austrian government decided to make a change in the law (Art Restitution Act of 1998, the so-called Lex Rothschild). The art objects were the Rothschild family refunded only in the 1990s.

The Kunsthistorisches Museum operates on the basis of the federal law on the restitution of art objects from the 4th December 1998 (Federal Law Gazette I, 181 /1998) extensive provenance research. Even before this decree was carried out in-house provenance research at the initiative of the then archive director Herbert Haupt. This was submitted in 1998 by him in collaboration with Lydia Grobl a comprehensive presentation of the facts about the changes in the inventory levels of the Kunsthistorisches Museum during the Nazi era and in the years leading up to the State Treaty of 1955, an important basis for further research provenance.

The two historians Susanne Hehenberger and Monika Löscher are since 1st April 2009 as provenance researchers at the Kunsthistorisches Museum on behalf of the Commission for Provenance Research operating and they deal with the investigation period from 1933 to the recent past.

The museum today

Today the museum is as a federal museum, with 1st January 1999 released to the full legal capacity - it was thus the first of the state museums of Austria, implementing the far-reaching self-financing. It is by far the most visited museum in Austria with 1.3 million visitors (2007).

The Kunsthistorisches Museum is under the name Kunsthistorisches Museum and Museum of Ethnology and the Austrian Theatre Museum with company number 182081t since 11 June 1999 as a research institution under public law of the Federal virtue of the Federal Museums Act, Federal Law Gazette I/115/1998 and the Museum of Procedure of the Kunsthistorisches Museum and Museum of Ethnology and the Austrian Theatre Museum, 3 January 2001, BGBl II 2/ 2001, in force since 1 January 2001, registered.

In fiscal 2008, the turnover was 37.185 million EUR and total assets amounted to EUR 22.204 million. In 2008 an average of 410 workers were employed.

Management

1919-1923: Gustav Glück as the first chairman of the College of science officials

1924-1933: Hermann Julius Hermann 1924-1925 as the first chairman of the College of the scientific officers in 1925 as first director

1933: Arpad Weixlgärtner first director

1934-1938: Alfred Stix first director

1938-1945: Fritz Dworschak 1938 as acting head, from 1938 as a chief in 1941 as first director

1945-1949: August von Loehr 1945-1948 as executive director of the State Art Collections in 1949 as general director of the historical collections of the Federation

1945-1949: Alfred Stix 1945-1948 as executive director of the State Art Collections in 1949 as general director of art historical collections of the Federation

1949-1950: Hans Demel as administrative director

1950: Karl Wisoko-Meytsky as general director of art and historical collections of the Federation

1951-1952: Fritz Eichler as administrative director

1953-1954: Ernst H. Buschbeck as administrative director

1955-1966: Vincent Oberhammer 1955-1959 as administrative director, from 1959 as first director

1967: Edward Holzmair as managing director

1968-1972: Erwin Auer first director

1973-1981: Friderike Klauner first director

1982-1990: Hermann Fillitz first director

1990: George Kugler as interim first director

1990-2008: Wilfried Seipel as general director

2009-2019: Sabine Haag as general director

2019– : Eike Schmidt (art historian, designated)

Collections

To the Kunsthistorisches Museum are also belonging the collections of the New Castle, the Austrian Theatre Museum in Palais Lobkowitz, the Museum of Ethnology and the Wagenburg (wagon fortress) in an outbuilding of Schönbrunn Palace. A branch office is also Ambras in Innsbruck.

Kunsthistorisches Museum (main building)

Picture Gallery

Egyptian and Near Eastern Collection

Collection of Classical Antiquities

Vienna Chamber of Art

Numismatic Collection

Library

New Castle

Ephesus Museum

Collection of Ancient Musical Instruments

Arms and Armour

Archive

Hofburg

The imperial crown in the Treasury

Imperial Treasury of Vienna

Insignia of the Austrian Hereditary Homage

Insignia of imperial Austria

Insignia of the Holy Roman Empire

Burgundian Inheritance and the Order of the Golden Fleece

Habsburg-Lorraine Household Treasure

Ecclesiastical Treasury

Schönbrunn Palace

Imperial Carriage Museum Vienna

Armory in Ambras Castle

Ambras Castle

Collections of Ambras Castle

Major exhibits

Among the most important exhibits of the Art Gallery rank inter alia:

Jan van Eyck: Cardinal Niccolò Albergati, 1438

Martin Schongauer: Holy Family, 1475-80

Albrecht Dürer : Trinity Altar, 1509-16

Portrait Johann Kleeberger, 1526

Parmigianino: Self Portrait in Convex Mirror, 1523/24

Giuseppe Arcimboldo: Summer 1563

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio: Madonna of the Rosary 1606/ 07

Caravaggio: Madonna of the Rosary (1606-1607)

Titian: Nymph and Shepherd to 1570-75

Portrait of Jacopo de Strada, 1567/68

Raffaello Santi: Madonna of the Meadow, 1505 /06

Lorenzo Lotto: Portrait of a young man against white curtain, 1508

Peter Paul Rubens: The altar of St. Ildefonso, 1630-32

The Little Fur, about 1638

Jan Vermeer: The Art of Painting, 1665/66

Pieter Bruegel the Elder: Fight between Carnival and Lent, 1559

Kids, 1560

Tower of Babel, 1563

Christ Carrying the Cross, 1564

Gloomy Day (Early Spring), 1565

Return of the Herd (Autumn), 1565

Hunters in the Snow (Winter) 1565

Bauer and bird thief, 1568

Peasant Wedding, 1568/69

Peasant Dance, 1568/69

Paul's conversion (Conversion of St Paul), 1567

Cabinet of Curiosities:

Saliera from Benvenuto Cellini 1539-1543

Egyptian-Oriental Collection:

Mastaba of Ka Ni Nisut

Collection of Classical Antiquities:

Gemma Augustea

Treasure of Nagyszentmiklós

Gallery: Major exhibits

de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunsthistorisches_Museum

Photo of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” exhibition and cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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The Thirty-Sixth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 17 to October 19, 2016.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

The Thirtieth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from November 4 to November 8, 2013.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

The Thirty-Eighth Session of WIPO's Standing Committee on the Law of Trademarks, Industrial Designs and Geographical Indications (SCT) took place in Geneva, Switzerland from October 30 to November 2, 2017.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

Ana Bandeira, President of Portuguese Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), with WIPO Director General Daren Tang at the inauguration of the “Geographical Indications and Appellations of Origin from Portugal” exhibition, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Portugal.

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, the exhibition featured origin-based products from Portugal which benefit from intellectual property protection via geographical indications and appellations of origin.

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 6-14, 2023.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Ambassador Francisca Elizabeth Mendez Escobar, Permanent Representative of Mexico to the United Nations and other International Organizations in Geneva, delivers remarks at the opening of the “IP Key Role for the Post Pandemic Recovery: Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications” cultural event, co-organized by WIPO and the Government of Mexico.

Held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, the event included a traditional musical performance, and an exhibition showcasing Mexico’s appellations of origin and geographical indications.

The Assemblies of WIPO Member States took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from July 14-22, 2022.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

An event co-organized by WIPO and the Indian Government on the sidelines of the WIPO Assemblies of Member States themed “Make in India” on October 6, 2015 featured an exhibition on India’s varied geographical indications, a recital of traditional Indian music and Indian artisans demonstrating their handiwork.

The event began with the screening of a WIPO-produced film on a capacity building project sponsored by WIPO’s Accessible Books Consortium in India and a keynote address by India’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations in Geneva, Ambassador Ajit Kumar, followed by a screening of a film on the “Make in India” initiative.

Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.

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Top 5 Reasons To Get Lumineers

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1914 postmarked postcard view of Main Street in Valparaiso, Indiana. The postmark date is not necessarily a good indication of when the postcard was produced. The photographer was standing in the Washington Street intersection and looking at the businesses to the east along the north side of Main Street. The courthouse was just outside of the view on the right.

According to the 1886, 1892, 1899 and 1905 Sanborn™ fire insurance map sets for Valparaiso, the business space on the northeast corner at Washington Street was shared by jewelry and drug businesses. Two trade symbols hung from the building: A pharmacist’s mortar and pestle and a jeweler’s oversize pocket watch. The fringe on the unfurled awning advertised WATCHES and the sign below a display window advertised ENGRAVING. A 1902 Indiana business directory¹ listed W. C. Letherman as the druggist and George F. Beach as the jeweler. In this postcard scene, the name BEN S. WALLICK was printed on the nearest awning. Mr. Wallick was also a pharmacist and may have succeeded Mr. Letherman at this location. The 1899 map set also showed a cigar factory occupying this same space. The 1902 Indiana business directory listed George B. Feighner as the proprietor of the cigar factory. The 1910 map set showed only the drugstore in this space.

A barber’s pole stood in front of the building next door (3 East Main Street). The 1905 map set shows a barbershop in the basement at that location, but the 1910 map set doesn’t mention the barber or the basement. The 1902 Valparaiso directory listed J. T. Massey as the barber at that address.

The sign on the third floor of that second building is presented more clearly in another postcard scene; it advertised a DANCING SCHOOL. The GEORGE LA FORCE SHOE store sign at 5 East Main Street seems to be misplaced. None of the map sets show a shoe store at this location, but the 1905 and 1910 map sets show a boots and shoes business near the east end of the block (21 East Main Street). A circa 1910 postcard shows a sign at that address advertising MITCHEL LA FORCE BOOTS _____ . The awning advertised SHOES. The Indiana directory and a 1902 Valparaiso directory² listed M. La Force in the shoes business at 20 East Mechanic Street. The 1910 map set shows a dry goods business at 3 East Main Street and indicated boots and shoes were sold in that store.

The 1902 Valparaiso directory and a 1914 national directory of dentists³ each listed seven dentists in the city. Four of the dentists were listed in both directories and there were two partnerships identified in the 1914 directory. Three business signs for dentists, including at least one partnership, were visible in this city block. The nearest of those signs advertised DENTISTS and was hanging from the building at 5 East Main Street. Both 1902 directories listed only A. J. Homfeld at this address, but another postcard that also happens to have a 1914 postmark clearly shows a different sign advertising DR. M. RUGE DENTIST. In 1902, Pagin and Ruge were practicing at 23 Main Street. They were apparently practicing separately in 1914.

The Sanborn™ map sets did not normally identify professional offices, but the 1892 map set does show dentists on the second floor of the buildings at 7 and 9 East Main Street. The names of the dentists on the signs at those addresses are unreadable in this postcard scene, and those signs didn’t exist when the other previously mentioned postcard with the 1914 postmark was produced. Neither of the 1902 business directories listed a dentist at 7 East Main Street, but both listed H. N. Renner at 9 East Main Street. The 1914 national directory of dentists didn’t list H. N. Renner as a practicing dentist, but Marx Ruge was listed as a Valparaiso dentist.

Below that second of the three dentist signs, at 7 East Main Street, the business sign advertised _____ GIETZ. Neither 1902 directory listed that name. The 1905 map set showed a jewelry business at this address while the 1910 map set showed a jeweler and a tailor doing business at this location.

A large BAKERY sign was painted on the side of the building (13 East Main Street) east of the alley. The Mikalas & Vasilas Boston Confectionery had been at this address when the 1902 Indiana directory was published. The listing in the Valparaiso directory spelled the names Mikalos & Vaselos. They were selling homemade candy as well as cigars and tobacco, but the BAKERY sign belonged to the S. C. Billings Columbia Bakery. That business had been located at 22 North Washington Street when the 1902 Valparaiso directory was published. The 1905 Sanborn™ fire insurance map set for Valparaiso showed a bakery at that location. The 1910 map set shows a bakery at 13 East Main Street and a plumbing business at 22 North Washington Street. Another postcard view of this building shows the bakery’s awning with the name, S. C. BILLINGS printed on the fringe.

Every map set from 1886 to 1910 showed a photography studio on the second floor at 13 East Main Street. The 1902 Valparaiso directory included an advertisement for Reading’s Photographic Studio and Art Room at 13-15 East Main Street. This was A. H. Reading.

1. Johnson’s Business and Professional Directory (Washington, D. C.: Johnson Publishing Co., 1902). Available online at archive.org/details/johnsonsbusiness190203wash.

2. Bumstead’s Valparaiso City and Porter County Business Directory 1902, Vol. II (Chicago, IL: Bumstead & Co., 1902). Available online at www.archive.org/stream/valparaisoindian1902polk#page/n31/....

3. Polk’s Dental Register and Directory of the United States and Canada, Eleventh Edition (Detroit, Michigan: R. L. Polk & Co., 1914). Available online at books.google.com/books?id=7Hk5AQAAMAAJ&printsec=front....

From the collection of Thomas Keesling.

The full postcard image can be seen here.

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