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ISO 1600, f/8.0, 18mm, 1/50 sec
#badshahiMosque #lahore
The beautiful chandeliers, painted and textured walls and ceilings have always been photographed by thousands of people around the world. One of the reason why it looks really good is that it provides a unique perspective of something that you've already viewed many times.
This has been taken at Badshahi mosque, main door entrance!
Some of the important points are:
1. Make sure you have a nice perpendicular light falling on the subject to have some drama.
2. Close your aperture to at least f/8 to achieve a good focus and improve clarity.
3. Make sure you are exactly below and at the center of the subject like in the picture
4. Hold your breath and click. ;)
A lot of people would argue on the high ISO i have selected. I would agree with brother Babar Swaleheen that it doesn't really matter if your camera can handle the noise and you are getting good results. Another reason is that when you're taking a shot at such an angle, it is extremely difficult to be stable and you need a sufficient shutter speed. Increasing your ISO is the only option left when you only have natural light.
Try some of it and enjoy! :) An excellent shot by Zaki Imtiaz and can be followed at fb.com/z.imtiaz.photography
Turns out you can drive the strips with 9v, which makes for a lot less battery for a 20-month old to carry. Also, borrowed solder at work, so maybe it'll survive the evening.
"The first thing to say about the new improved Design Museum ......... is that it is an exceptional achievement. It is a space for celebrating and exploring the made and the visual, the magic of human invention, the objects that shape our lives, and the skills and forces that shape them. First glimpses of its permanent and temporary exhibitions suggest intriguing (if strongly western-oriented) displays. This is important, valuable, thrilling stuff, when you consider what the Model T Ford or the iPhone have done for and to the world.
The project, in Kensington High Street, west London, has enrolled some considerable talents: the minimalist designer John Pawson has created the museum’s interior, and OMA, the world-famous architects led by Rem Koolhaas, have both masterplanned the city block in which it stands and designed the luxury apartments that play an important part in making it viable. A relic of 1960s optimism has been restored, the half-beautiful, half-quaint hyperbolic paraboloid roof of the otherwise demolished former Commonwealth Institute, its propensity to leak fixed, and the new museum has been installed under its sheltering wing.
The achievement would have been greater if OMA had designed the museum and Pawson had designed the luxury apartments
New palaces of culture like this don’t happen often or easily, yet the new improved Design Museum has come into being over the decade of the Great Recession and with limited government support. It is the result of 10 years’ effort by its director, Deyan Sudjic, formerly of the Observer. It is the culmination of more than 60 years’ campaigning for good modern design by Terence Conran, the retailer-restaurateur-designer who founded and helps fund the Design Museum. More specifically it owes its origins to the Boilerhouse design gallery at the Victoria and Albert Museum, which Conran helped set up in 1981, which then morphed into the Design Museum, which opened in its first building near Tower Bridge in 1989."
www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/nov/13/design-museu...
"The Design Museum is a museum in Kensington, London, which covers product, industrial, graphic, fashion and architectural design. The museum operates as a registered charity, and all funds generated by ticket sales aid the museum in curating new exhibitions. Entrance is free to the museum's permanent collection display, "Designer Maker User". The museum was founded in 1989 by Sir Terence Conran. It was originally located by the River Thames near Tower Bridge, and later relocated to Kensington.
In June 2011, Sir Terence Conran donated £17.5 million to enable the Museum to move in 2016 from the warehouse to a larger site which formerly housed the Commonwealth Institute in west London. This landmark from the 1960s, a Grade II* listed building that had stood vacant for over a decade, was developed by a design team led by John Pawson who made the building fit for a 21st-century museum, whilst at the same time retaining its spatial qualities.
The Design Museum opened in its Kensington location on 24 November 2016. The move gave the museum three times more space than in its previous location at Shad Thames, with the new Swarovski Foundation Centre for Learning, 202-seat Bakala Auditorium and a dedicated gallery to display its permanent collection, accessible free of charge. The move brought the museum into Kensington's cultural quarter, joining the Royal College of Art, V&A, Science Museum, Natural History Museum and Serpentine Gallery."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_Museum
designmuseum.org
.......
Improved and traditional stoves (jiko) in Kibera, Nairobi - Kenya.
Photo by Axel Fassio/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
People living on Vancouver Island will have improved cancer care with a new state-of-the-art PET/CT scanner suite at the BC Cancer centre in Victoria.
Learn more: news.gov.bc.ca/releases/2019HLTH0105-001501
www.fao.org/ag/humannutrition/nutritioneducation/70106/en/
A German-funded nutrition project to improve infant and young child complementary feeding through better use of local foods and resources and nutrition education sessions (including men).
©FAO/Ivan Grifi
The Royal Armouries began life as the main royal and national arsenal housed in the Tower of London. Indeed the Royal Armouries has occupied buildings within the Tower for making and storing arms, armour and military equipment for as long as the Tower itself has been in existence.
Early in the 19th century the nature and purpose of the museum began to change radically. Displays were gradually altered from exhibitions of curiosities to historically ‘accurate’ and logically organised displays designed to improve the visitor by illuminating the past.
Origins
The origins of the Armouries may be traced back to the working armoury of the medieval kings of England. The first recorded visitor to the Tower Armouries was in 1498, when entry was only by special permission. After the restoration of Charles II in 1660, the paying public was allowed in to marvel at new displays set up to celebrate the power and splendour of English monarchy.
The Armouries is one of the ancient institutions of the Tower of London, which have also included the Board of Ordnance, the Menagerie, the Royal Mint, the Jewel House, the Royal Observatory and the Tower Record Office. These institutions are the focus of a permanent exhibition in the White Tower – Powerhouse).
An important chapter in its development occurred in the early 15th century, with the emergence of the Office of Armoury as an offshoot of the Privy Wardrobe of the Tower. At this point it seems that the positions ‘Keeper of the King’s armour at the Tower of London’ (first mentioned in 1423) and the ‘Master of the Ordnance’ (first recorded in 1414) replaced the previous ‘Keeper of the Wardrobe’.
The offices of the Armoury and Ordnance were responsible for procuring and issuing a wide variety of military equipment. The Armoury concentrated on armour and edged weapons; the Ordnance concentrated on cannon, handguns and the more traditional bow and arrow. Developments in the art of war resulted in the Ordnance becoming the more important of the two organisations, and in 1670 the equipment and functions of the Office of Armoury passed to the Ordnance.
16th–17th centuries
By the end of the 16th century, some of the early visitors to the Tower began to record their impressions of the Armoury. Jacob Rathgar, secretary of Frederick, Duke of Wirtenburg, described what they were shown in 1592. Despite the presence of many fine pieces of artillery, Rathgar felt the collection did not compare with those in his native Germany for ‘they stand about in the greatest confusion and disorder’.
Paul Hentzner provided the first detailed description of the Armoury after a visit to London in 1598. He was shown many items belonging to Henry VIII, including a gilt suit of armour, and several historic cannon; among them two wooden pieces used to deceive the French at the siege of Boulogne in 1544.
The following year Joseph Platter, a Swiss traveller from Basle, visited the Tower and again paid attention to the personal armoury of Henry VIII, which he makes clear was located in the White Tower. Interestingly, reference is made to the cost of viewing the Armoury, with payments being made at four points in the building ‘to a servant appointed to receive the same’.
Rathgar’s complaint in 1592 about the disorderly appearance of the Armoury, repeated by the Duke of Stettin-Pomerania a decade later, suggests that little attention was paid to presentation in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.
This situation was to change immediately after the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, when two permanent public displays were set up, known as the Line of Kings and the Spanish Armoury.
The former, as the name suggests, was a row of figures representing the kings of England. They appeared on life-sized wooden horses wearing what was said to be their personal armour. The line was first recorded in the Tower in an inventory dated October 1660, and it is possible that the display was assembled to mark Charles II’s visit to the Tower of London in August that year, after his many years in exile.
The Spanish Armoury was a collection of fearsome-looking weapons, displayed alongside a few instruments of torture, claimed to have been taken from the Spanish Armada in 1588. However, the historical basis for this association was quite unsound, with few, if any, of the objects having Spanish connections.
17th–19th centuries
Towards the end of the 17th century, the Office of Ordnance added two new armouries’ displays to the visitor attractions at the Tower. These were housed in one of the largest and most prestigious buildings ever to be seen at the Tower – the Grand Storehouse – that was built on the high ground immediately north of the White Tower.
The third, and most fantastic, display was installed on the first floor in 1696. Under the supervision of John Harris of Eaton, tens of thousands of small arms, and a mass of elaborate wooden carvings, were used to create such diverse installations as the ‘Witch of Endor’, the ‘Back Bones of a Whale’, a huge organ, and a seven-headed monster.
In the great Artillery Hall stood the great guns of the artillery train. As time went by, however, the room increasingly took on the appearance of a museum of military power, in which cannon and other trophies captured from battlefields around the world were brought here and displayed.
Also to be seen were items of curiosity and historic interest. Perhaps one of the most infamous was the Tower ‘Rack to extort Confession’. Last prepared for use in January 1673, the rack had presumably been decommissioned by June 1675, as it then appears in the first of several Ordnance inventories.
Throughout the 18th and into the early 19th century, the Ordnance continued to adjust and embellish its four armouries at the Tower. In 1825, the decision was taken to re-locate the Line of Kings into a new building against the south side of the White Tower.
The Horse Armoury was architecturally significant as it represented the first purpose-built museum gallery at the Tower. With the move, the notable antiquarian Dr Samuel Meyerick reorganised the exhibits along more scholarly and scientific lines.
Moreover, the Ordnance began to release funds allowing objects to be bought for the first time to expand the collection in specific and targeted, areas. Together with inaugural efforts at object conservation, the first decisive steps had been taken to transform the Tower armouries into a modern museum.
19th–21st centuries
In 1838 the cost of visiting the Tower Armouries was cut from 3 shillings to 1 shilling and lowered again the following year to 6d. The effect of these reductions was to see visitor numbers rise from 10,500 in 1837 to 80,000 in 1839.
On the evening of 30 October 1841 the Grand Storehouse was engulfed by a terrible fire destroying most
Improving climate change reporting in the Mediterranean: Science – Media interface
Round Table: The socio-economic and political dimension of climate change in the Mediterranean
11 November 2016
Marrakech, Morocco
Since climate change is a cross boundary issue and involves several fields of action (water, energy, wildlife, biodiversity, climate refugees, social conflicts, biodiversity), the networking developed in the last decades could be seen as a fruitful opportunity to build mitigation and adaptation capacity in the Mediterranean. Understanding the need and urgency to adapt and mitigate this impact is the only way forward to put into practice solutions for the benefit of people and nature.
Roberto ROSON, Professor at Economy Department, Ca' Foscari University, Venice - Economic Impacts of Climate Change in the Mediterranean.
Dr. Maria SNOUSSI - Professor at Mohammed V University, Rabat-Morocco and Head of the ‘Coastal Environment & Climate Change’ Research Group at the Faculty of Sciences – Climate change on coastal areas.
Olgu OKUMUŞ - Project Manager, UfM Energy Division, Union for the Mediterranean - UfM Climate Change Expert Group.
Leila RADHOUANE, National Tunisian Institute for Agriculture Research – Climate change impacts on agriculture in North African countries.
Chairperson: Elsa ALVES - LUSA Agency, Portugal
Got a little carried away with the blend stuff in OpenGL. I still barely understand how to use it properly, but that isnt going to keep me from playing around with it. This still runs fullscreen at a good clip.
I think that manorial living doesn't get enough credit for raising the standard of living in Europe. We tend to focus on the Renaissance as the real economic miracle, and then the Industrial Revolution. But as I hope this video shows, it was the alliance between noble women and interested Church leaders that slowly, ever-so-slowly, raised standards of living by adding new skills and new industries to the manorial system. It certainly wasn't perfect, and the serfs who lived under this system lived hard lives. Yet by 1200 AD, the average serf was still better off than his ancestors 400 years before.
Improved and traditional stoves (jiko) in Kibera, Nairobi - Kenya.
Photo by Axel Fassio/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
Maintaining and improving a neighborhood. It doesn't happen with press conferences, or vigils, or endless marches, or painting every police officer as Simon Legree, or publicity stunts like locking arms in front of Mag Mile department stores on Black Friday.
It happens because of people like Beverly Allison, who collects the business cards of city workers and city officials (who are basically city workers) like some people collect designer sneakers. Except SHE uses them for good. And woe to the city worker with the gall to say, "it can't be done", since it would be done in a heartbeat in Lincoln or Grant or Millennium Parks.
She'll call you out if you're not doing your job. But if you are, she'll sing your praises to the skies, both to your immediate boss, to the alderman and to the mayor. She's an object lesson how to get things done in the City of Chicago (or any city, for that matter). It's better than complaining and then not doing anything. Or waiting for George to do it. (Guess who George is waiting for.)
Or running away to the suburbs, the land of milk and honey. Yeah, right. ;)
She is currently undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. But as you'll hear in the video, that hasn't taken away any of her fire. So, what's YOUR excuse.
Keep Wales Tidy Received funding from Postcode Local Trust to help 2 schools to improve their school grounds for Biodiversity and for educational purposes. These pictures are about the part with Maendy Primary School in Cwmbran, Torfaen. This was planned and delivered by Chris Partridge and Thom Board.
The school were interested in having an orchard, some more wildflowers and they wanted access to their overgrown made safe by replacing the rotted fence. They were interested in building a SuDS platform which was based around their 0 and x's board we made the previous year, but they wanted to have a chessboard and this could be in a dark and very wet unused area of their school grounds near to the forest schools area and pond. We only do these types of activities with schools if the children are fully behind the planning and building of these so they have maximum ownership of everything.
We started with the pond fence, removal was too much for the children, so staff organised a parent's day. This was lovely seeing so many parents join in with their children and grandchildren to take down the fence, stack it carefully and then put in the new one. The old one was made of good sized wood but the ground is so wet that it had rotten away in around 10-12 years. The new fence is guaranteed for 20 years and expected to last 30-45.
Thom then planted some bluebells, snowdrops and wood anemone in and around the log circle area, while a start was made on the frame for the chessboard. The children had to measure the area of the plastic paving and see if the sleepers could fit around it. They then had to measure 2 of the sleepers, which were cut in half. These were then all placed in a square and the children screwed all of the frames together using a variety of cordless handtools. Over a few Thursdays, the children then filled up the insides of the frame with a sub-base by hand using wheelbarrows they assembled themselves. This was then leveled off. A group them marked on the sleepers the edge boundaries of the inner plastic chessboard, so that the chessboard would be in the center of the frame. A thin layer of stone was added to the sub-base and raked flat. The frame was then added onto the stones in the right place. Over 2 sessions, white and black stones were carefully added to each grid alternatively to give the chessboard effect. This was compacted down and on the last session all of the giant chess pieces were filled with stone, sealed and placed on the board for the final group of 8 pupil's had the privilege of the School's first game of chess. Lunchtime came and it ended in a draw. It was really lovely on the final session for the whole class to come out and see what they had all contributed to. It was very easy to see how proud everyone was of this achievement. It could have been done in 2-3 days with contractors and machines, but where's the fun and ownership in that? Mr. Morgan promised that when the weather improves, he'll teach them all how to play chess.
The School's Eco-Committee were given a list of fruit trees from us via the local Garden Centre and they selected 12 of them. These were purchased and delivered and on one Thursday, Thom and some of the pupils planted the orchard at the far end of the school with some peat free compost and nutrients to help them to grow.
The rain just didn't seem to lessen and we delayed and delayed the wildflower seed sowing. We decided that it would be best for Thom to do this part himself to limit the amount of damage to the adjacent grass which which be made by a load of children (see pond fence pics).
The school have a whole load of exciting books and equipment which will help them to explore, monitor and look after all the biodiversity improvements. All of this is thanks to the Postcode Local Trust and players of the Postcode Lottery.
Governor Maura Healey and Lt. Governor Kim Driscoll join Secretary of Transportation Gina Fiandaca and MBTA Interim General Manager Jeff Gonneville to ride the Red Line from Park Street to South Station, tour the MBTA Operations Control Center and provide updates on efforts to improve service in Boston on Feb. 2, 2023. [Joshua Qualls/Governor’s Press Office]
Stacks of improved cassava stems in bags distributed to farmers by IITA-USAID in 2010 at Atiba, Oyo in Nigeria.
It's time for smooth skin and stress-free sensations with Jade Facial Massage Roller.
Silky My Skin gives you a face massage roller that reduces puffiness, eases fine lines, and improves skin resiliency, giving you a relaxing me-time massage.
To know more about our products, visit us now bit.ly/3DfXkoO
Maintaining and improving a neighborhood. It doesn't happen with press conferences, or vigils, or endless marches, or painting every police officer as Simon Legree, or publicity stunts like locking arms in front of Mag Mile department stores on Black Friday.
It happens because of people like Beverly Allison, who collects the business cards of city workers and city officials (who are basically city workers) like some people collect designer sneakers. Except SHE uses them for good. And woe to the city worker with the gall to say, "it can't be done", since it would be done in a heartbeat in Lincoln or Grant or Millennium Parks.
She'll call you out if you're not doing your job. But if you are, she'll sing your praises to the skies, both to your immediate boss, to the alderman and to the mayor. She's an object lesson how to get things done in the City of Chicago (or any city, for that matter). It's better than complaining and then not doing anything. Or waiting for George to do it. (Guess who George is waiting for.)
Or running away to the suburbs, the land of milk and honey. Yeah, right. ;)
She is currently undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. But as you'll hear in the video, that hasn't taken away any of her fire. So, what's YOUR excuse.
www.fao.org/ag/humannutrition/nutritioneducation/70106/en/
A German-funded nutrition project to improve infant and young child complementary feeding through better use of local foods and resources and nutrition education sessions (including men).
©FAO/Ivan Grifi
27 April 2016, Accra – FAO Regional Office for Africa and the Ghanaian Ministry of Trade and Industry have launched a new regional project on improving food packaging for the small and medium agro-enterprise sector in ten countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (Ghana, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania and Zambia). The three year-project is jointly managed by FAO, the International Trade Centre (ITC). Photo: ©FAO/Samuel Creppy
The Royal Armouries began life as the main royal and national arsenal housed in the Tower of London. Indeed the Royal Armouries has occupied buildings within the Tower for making and storing arms, armour and military equipment for as long as the Tower itself has been in existence.
Early in the 19th century the nature and purpose of the museum began to change radically. Displays were gradually altered from exhibitions of curiosities to historically ‘accurate’ and logically organised displays designed to improve the visitor by illuminating the past.
Origins
The origins of the Armouries may be traced back to the working armoury of the medieval kings of England. The first recorded visitor to the Tower Armouries was in 1498, when entry was only by special permission. After the restoration of Charles II in 1660, the paying public was allowed in to marvel at new displays set up to celebrate the power and splendour of English monarchy.
The Armouries is one of the ancient institutions of the Tower of London, which have also included the Board of Ordnance, the Menagerie, the Royal Mint, the Jewel House, the Royal Observatory and the Tower Record Office. These institutions are the focus of a permanent exhibition in the White Tower – Powerhouse).
An important chapter in its development occurred in the early 15th century, with the emergence of the Office of Armoury as an offshoot of the Privy Wardrobe of the Tower. At this point it seems that the positions ‘Keeper of the King’s armour at the Tower of London’ (first mentioned in 1423) and the ‘Master of the Ordnance’ (first recorded in 1414) replaced the previous ‘Keeper of the Wardrobe’.
The offices of the Armoury and Ordnance were responsible for procuring and issuing a wide variety of military equipment. The Armoury concentrated on armour and edged weapons; the Ordnance concentrated on cannon, handguns and the more traditional bow and arrow. Developments in the art of war resulted in the Ordnance becoming the more important of the two organisations, and in 1670 the equipment and functions of the Office of Armoury passed to the Ordnance.
16th–17th centuries
By the end of the 16th century, some of the early visitors to the Tower began to record their impressions of the Armoury. Jacob Rathgar, secretary of Frederick, Duke of Wirtenburg, described what they were shown in 1592. Despite the presence of many fine pieces of artillery, Rathgar felt the collection did not compare with those in his native Germany for ‘they stand about in the greatest confusion and disorder’.
Paul Hentzner provided the first detailed description of the Armoury after a visit to London in 1598. He was shown many items belonging to Henry VIII, including a gilt suit of armour, and several historic cannon; among them two wooden pieces used to deceive the French at the siege of Boulogne in 1544.
The following year Joseph Platter, a Swiss traveller from Basle, visited the Tower and again paid attention to the personal armoury of Henry VIII, which he makes clear was located in the White Tower. Interestingly, reference is made to the cost of viewing the Armoury, with payments being made at four points in the building ‘to a servant appointed to receive the same’.
Rathgar’s complaint in 1592 about the disorderly appearance of the Armoury, repeated by the Duke of Stettin-Pomerania a decade later, suggests that little attention was paid to presentation in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.
This situation was to change immediately after the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, when two permanent public displays were set up, known as the Line of Kings and the Spanish Armoury.
The former, as the name suggests, was a row of figures representing the kings of England. They appeared on life-sized wooden horses wearing what was said to be their personal armour. The line was first recorded in the Tower in an inventory dated October 1660, and it is possible that the display was assembled to mark Charles II’s visit to the Tower of London in August that year, after his many years in exile.
The Spanish Armoury was a collection of fearsome-looking weapons, displayed alongside a few instruments of torture, claimed to have been taken from the Spanish Armada in 1588. However, the historical basis for this association was quite unsound, with few, if any, of the objects having Spanish connections.
17th–19th centuries
Towards the end of the 17th century, the Office of Ordnance added two new armouries’ displays to the visitor attractions at the Tower. These were housed in one of the largest and most prestigious buildings ever to be seen at the Tower – the Grand Storehouse – that was built on the high ground immediately north of the White Tower.
The third, and most fantastic, display was installed on the first floor in 1696. Under the supervision of John Harris of Eaton, tens of thousands of small arms, and a mass of elaborate wooden carvings, were used to create such diverse installations as the ‘Witch of Endor’, the ‘Back Bones of a Whale’, a huge organ, and a seven-headed monster.
In the great Artillery Hall stood the great guns of the artillery train. As time went by, however, the room increasingly took on the appearance of a museum of military power, in which cannon and other trophies captured from battlefields around the world were brought here and displayed.
Also to be seen were items of curiosity and historic interest. Perhaps one of the most infamous was the Tower ‘Rack to extort Confession’. Last prepared for use in January 1673, the rack had presumably been decommissioned by June 1675, as it then appears in the first of several Ordnance inventories.
Throughout the 18th and into the early 19th century, the Ordnance continued to adjust and embellish its four armouries at the Tower. In 1825, the decision was taken to re-locate the Line of Kings into a new building against the south side of the White Tower.
The Horse Armoury was architecturally significant as it represented the first purpose-built museum gallery at the Tower. With the move, the notable antiquarian Dr Samuel Meyerick reorganised the exhibits along more scholarly and scientific lines.
Moreover, the Ordnance began to release funds allowing objects to be bought for the first time to expand the collection in specific and targeted, areas. Together with inaugural efforts at object conservation, the first decisive steps had been taken to transform the Tower armouries into a modern museum.
19th–21st centuries
In 1838 the cost of visiting the Tower Armouries was cut from 3 shillings to 1 shilling and lowered again the following year to 6d. The effect of these reductions was to see visitor numbers rise from 10,500 in 1837 to 80,000 in 1839.
On the evening of 30 October 1841 the Grand Storehouse was engulfed by a terrible fire destroying most
Edited Library of Congress illustration of an advertisement for Moorhead's improved graduated magnetic machines. I don't know what those are but they sound impressive.
Denbigh Castle and town walls were built to control the lordship of Denbigh after the Conquest of Wales by Edward I of England in 1282. The lands were granted to Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, who began to build a new walled town, colonised by immigrants from England, protected by a substantial castle and surrounded by deer parks for hunting. The work had not been completed by 1294, when the Welsh temporarily seized the castle during the Madog ap Llywelyn revolt. The defences continued to be improved, although the castle was not completely finished by the time of Henry's death in 1311.
The castle passed between various owners in the first half of the 14th century, before coming under the control of the Mortimer family. Meanwhile, the walled town had proved impractical to live in, and a newer, much larger, settlement developed outside the defences. In 1400, the walled town was raided during the Glyndŵr Rising, although the castle itself remained secure throughout the rebellion. During the Wars of the Roses, Denbigh was attacked by Lancastrian forces; the walled town was attacked and burnt. In the aftermath, the old town was largely abandoned by its inhabitants, the walled area becoming an extension of the castle's defences.
During the First English Civil War, Denbigh was held by the Royalists until it was captured by Parliamentarian forces in October 1646. The castle was seized by pro-Royalist soldiers in 1659, after which General George Monk ordered it to be slighted, with various parts of the walls and towers being demolished. The site deteriorated further over the years and the old walled town remained almost deserted. In the middle of the 19th century, the town created a committee to manage the ruins and carried out restoration work. The Office of Works assumed responsibility for the fortifications in 1914, with the site ultimately passing into the control of the Welsh Cadw heritage agency.
Denbigh Castle is dominated by a triangle of three octagonal towers that forms its main entrance, considered by the historian John Goodall to be "the most architecturally sophisticated gatehouse of the thirteenth century". Eight mural towers protect the rest of its curtain wall, further protected by barbicans and a mantlet of defensive terraces and walls. The castle connects to the town walls, which remain largely intact and stretch for around 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) around the old town. The town walls were once protected by four towers and two gatehouses, although only one of the gatehouses still survives. The castle and town's gatehouse were constructed of decorative stonework, intended to symbolise royal authority and civic pride.
Denbigh Castle was constructed within what was originally the Welsh patrimony of Perfeddwlad. The patrimony controlled the pastoral farming lands on the Denbigh Moors and formed a royal residence, llys, for the Welsh princes. Perfeddwlad was strategically located along the Welsh border but its ownership was disputed and the territory was fought over by the Normans and Welsh many times during the 11th and 12th centuries.
In 1277, the Welsh prince Dafydd ap Gruffudd was granted Perfeddwlad by the English king, Edward I, who at the time was allied with Dafydd in his struggle against his brother Prince Llywelyn. Dafydd rebuilt the existing residence, creating a substantial castle. It is uncertain what form it took or exactly where on the current castle site it was located, but it included a bakehouse, buttery, chapel and a hall, and it became Dafydd's main stronghold. The Welsh called the settlement Dinbych, an abbreviation of Dinas Fechan, meaning "little fortress".
In 1282, Dafydd and Llywelyn rebelled against the King. Edward invaded North Wales with a huge army; after a month long siege, Dinbych fell to his forces in October 1282. The King created a new lordship to govern the district around Dinbych, which he renamed Denbigh and granted these lands to Henry de Lacy, the Earl of Lincoln.[3] With the help of James of St George, the King's master mason, Edward and Henry made plans for the construction of a new castle to govern the area, symbolically placed on top of the former llys.
Edward continued into Snowdonia, leaving Henry to continue the work at Denbigh, using local labourers and possibly men brought from Henry's estates in England. The western and southern sides of the castle and the new town walls were built first, in order to protect the construction teams and by 1285, Henry gave the new town its first charter. Work on the rest of the defences continued for several years. The castle and town formed part of a wider landscape controlled by de Lacey, including a nearby manor, a dovecote, barn and fishponds, which were all important symbols of lordship during the period. He similarly established three parks around the castle, stocked with deer from England.
The town walls enclosed an area approximately 9.5 acres (3.8 ha) in size and held 63 burgesses in 1285, each of which promised to provide an armed man to help protect the settlement. The townsfolk were English, many from Henry's estates in northern England and were reinforced by further English colonists who acquired large areas of rural land around the region. From the earliest days of the new settlement; the inhabitants began to spread out beyond the walls onto the flatter ground further down the hill, spurred on by the limited space and poor water supply in the inner town. This was unusual compared to the experience of other walled towns established in Wales at the time and within fifty years the external villa mercatoria had come to cover around 57 acres (23 ha).
The building work on Denbigh Castle had not been completed by September 1294, when a Welsh revolt broke out, led by Madog ap Llywelyn. The castle was taken by Welsh forces, despite efforts by Henry to relieve it and the fortification was not recaptured until December. The castle's defences continued to be improved, although it was not completely finished, possibly because the project was disrupted by the death of Henry's eldest son in an accident at the castle.
Henry de Lacy's daughter, Alice, inherited Denbigh Castle on his death in 1311. Alice was the wife of Thomas, the Earl of Lancaster, and the castle continued to be developed until Thomas was executed for treason in 1322. The following years were politically unstable and the castle was passed between several, short-lived, owners - Hugh Despenser, the Earl of Winchester and then Roger Mortimer, the Earl of March - before being held for a period by William Montagu. Work on the castle and the town walls continued throughout this period.
The Mortimer family reacquired the lordship in 1355 and carried out repairs over the next fifty years to the castle's stonework and timber. In 1400, Owain Glyndŵr led a revolt against the Crown and raided the town of Denbigh. Since Edmund Mortimer was only eight years old, King Henry IV placed Henry Percy in charge of Denbigh, until Percy defected to the rebels in 1403. Despite being isolated, Denbigh remained in royal hands through to the end of the rebellion in 1407. Edmund continued to hold the castle until he died, childless, in 1425, when ownership passed to Richard, the Duke of York.
During the Wars of the Roses, Denbigh was fought over by the rival Lancastrian and Yorkist factions. Jasper Tudor, the Earl of Pembroke and a Lancastrian supporter, was declared the constable of the castle by Henry VI in 1457 but the fortification remained in the hands of the Yorkists. After the Lancastrian victory at the Battle of Ludford Bridge, Jasper was able to force the garrison to surrender and finally took possession of the castle in 1460. The war then turned in favour of the Yorkists and despite the castle's new garrison holding out for several months under Roger Puleston, it was recaptured by Sir Richard Herbert in late 1461. The new Yorkist regime made William Herbert, Jasper's rival to the title of Earl of Pembroke, the constable and steward of Denbigh in 1467.
Jasper returned to Denbigh in 1468 and although he could not take the castle, he burnt the interior of the walled town. The attack spurred an exodus from the walled town to the newer suburbs. By the end of 16th century the inner area had been largely abandoned, coming to form part of the external defences of the castle and the Burgess Gate on the town walls became the town gaol. In 1586, the antiquarian William Camden could observe that the "old town is now deserted".
Much of the castle had fallen into decline by 1530 but six years later the castle became the centre for administrating the new county of Denbighshire, with the great gatehouse and nearby towers being used as a courthouse, prison and associated buildings by the county authorities. The remainder of the castle had fallen into ruin by 1561. Robert Dudley, later made the Earl of Leicester, was granted a lease of the castle in 1563, partially because the Crown was trying to reduce the costs of maintaining the dilapidated property.
During Dudley's tenure, Denbigh Castle was used as a place of imprisonment for those considered traitors by the officials of the Crown, including many dissidents towards the Elizabethan religious settlement. The most famous such prisoner was the Welsh poet and underground Catholic schoolmaster Richard Gwyn, who was imprisoned at Denbigh Castle from September 1581 to the Spring of 1582.
After Gwyn's execution on 15 October 1584, his head and one of his quarters were spiked upon Denbigh Castle. The other three quarters were similarly displayed at Wrexham, Ruthin Castle, and Holt Castle.
On 25 October 1970 Pope Paul VI presided over the canonization ceremony in Rome for St. Richard Gwyn, as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.
The Catholic Church in England commemorates Gwyn with a feast day together with all the 284 canonized and beatified martyrs of the English Reformation on 4 May. The Catholic Church in Wales commemorates him on the feast day of the Six Welsh Martyrs: priests Philip Evans and John Lloyd, John Jones, David Lewis, John Roberts, the layman Richard Gwyn, and their companions, every year on 25 October.
During his rule, Dudley also built a large Anglican parish church in the walled town, possibly intending it to become a cathedral and carried out some minor repairs to the castle but little other work was completed before his death in 1588.
When the First English Civil War broke out in August 1642, North Wales was solidly Royalist, and Denbigh Castle was held by a garrison of 500 under Colonel William Salesbury, who made repairs to the defences. By late 1645, the war had turned against the Royalists, and Charles I spent three days at the castle after his defeat at Rowton Heath in September.
The following month, a Royalist army under the command of Sir William Vaughan gathered at Denbigh Green, close to the ruins of Denbigh Friary, intending to march to Chester to relieve the forces under siege there. Before this, Vaughan was attacked and defeated by a force commanded by Sir Thomas Mytton, and some of the Royalist soldiers retreated into the castle in the aftermath. Mytton took the outer parts of Denbigh but could not break into the walled town or the castle.
Mytton returned the next year with additional equipment and placed the castle and the walled town under a close siege in April 1646, erecting earthwork bastions for his guns along the eastern site of Denbigh. The Goblin Tower along the town walls, which contained the garrison's main well, was bombarded with artillery and Mytton placed more guns on nearby Galch Hill to attack the south-western side of the walls. With only one artillery piece of his own and no Royalist reinforcements likely, Salesbury's position appeared hopeless but he held on, arguing that he had given assurances to the King that he would not surrender the castle. Finally, Charles I sent Salebsury a message, personally ordering him to give up Denbigh; after negotiations, Salesbury agreed to surrender on good terms on 26 October.
After Salesbury departed, Parliament installed a small garrison in the castle, under the command of Colonel George Twistleton, the new governor. It was used as a prison for political prisoners, including David Pennant, the High Sheriff of Flintshire and there was an abortive Royalist attempt in 1648 to break into the castle to rescue the inmates.
In 1659, Sir George Booth led an uprising of Royalist and Presbyterian leaders against the Commonwealth government. A group of Royalist soldiers seized Denbigh Castle in August and took the garrison prisoner. After Booth's defeat at the Battle of Winnington Bridge a few weeks later, the rebels surrendered and the government retook the castle. General George Monck then ordered it to be slighted, put beyond military use. The republican politician John Carter demolished parts of the curtain walls and two towers over the course of six weeks. The site fell further into ruin over the remainder of the century, with its stone being reused to build houses in the town. When granted briefly in 1696 to William Bentinck, the Earl of Portland, complaints were made in Parliament and it reverted to the Crown.
Denbigh Castle remained ruined, although a new grammar school was built in the walled town in 1726 and a bowling green was established around 1769. Castle House, a large private dwelling, was also constructed there in either the second quarter or the middle of the century, using stone taken from the castle ruins and Leicester's church. In the middle of the 19th century, the historian John Williams observed that the walled town remained otherwise deserted, with only three irregular rows of cottages, holding a total of 163 inhabitants; these dwellings attracted complaint from the writer Samuel Lewis, who argued that they "materially diminished the interest excited by the ruins". The western tower of the Burgess Gate was then being used as a private house, as had the eastern tower until a few years before.
In the middle of the 19th century, the town created a "Castle Committee" to maintain the ruins; the Crown leased the committee control of the castle and in 1879 lent them £300 to fund repairs to the ruins. The Crown reclaimed control of the Burgess Gate from its occupants and carried out conservation work, before then leasing the gatehouse to the committee in 1908. In 1914, the central government's Office of Works took over responsibility for the site and during the late 1950s, its successor organisation, the Ministry of Works, first bought and then demolished various later buildings along the walls to clear the area for research and visitors.
In the 21st century, Denbigh Castle and the town walls are maintained by the Welsh heritage agency Cadw. The castle is open to visitors, receiving 10,154 in 2015 and parts of the extant walls are also open to visitors. £600,000 was invested by Cadw in the castle and walls during the mid-2010s, financing the construction of a new visitors' centre. The site is protected under UK law as a scheduled ancient monument and the castle as a grade I listed building.
Denbigh Castle is located on a naturally defensible, rocky outcrop above the Clywd valley, with the walled town just beneath it to the north. The castle comprises a large gatehouse, with a curtain wall and mural towers encircling an inner area approximately 350 by 260 feet (107 by 79 m) across. The historian John Goodall considers the fortification to be "one of the outstanding architectural creations of the Welsh conquest".
The Great Gatehouse is formed by a triangle of octagonal towers around a central octagonal hall, protected by a barbican. The gatehouse was built using decorative bands of masonry in different colours, intended to symbolise Edward I's royal authority and displayed a statue, probably of Edward II, over the main entrance. The complex was defended with a 30-foot (9.1 m) wide ditch, a drawbridge, murder holes and a portcullis. The three towers making up the gatehouse have individual names: the Porter's Lodge and Prison towers face outwards and the Badnes Tower, possibly named after an early constable of the castle, lies to the rear. Goodall considers the building to be "the most architecturally sophisticated gatehouse of the thirteenth century" and notes that the architectural ideas were later "reworked to brilliant effect" at Knaresborough.
To the east of the gatehouse is the site of the Queen's Chapel, since destroyed and the castle well, which is over 50 feet (15 m) deep. The hexagonal, three-storey Great Kitchen Tower and the White Chamber Tower, which was slighted after the English Civil War, flank the foundations of the Great Hall. Further south is the Pitcher House Tower, probably used for storing water during the summer months and the Green Chambers, so called because of the colour of their Gwespyr stonework. The chambers have basements specially designed for the storage of meat and wine and the upper storeys originally contained exceptionally fine accommodation.
At the southern end of the castle, the Postern Tower, originally three storeys high, links the castle to one end of the town walls. The adjacent Upper Gate and the Postern Gate formed a rear entrance to the castle, protected by another barbican, drawbridges and a steep passageway.
A mantlet of defensive terraces and cross-walls stretches around the south and eastern sides of the castle and originally prevented the undermining of the mural towers and thinnest stretches of the curtain wall. This side of the castle was protected by the Treasure House Tower, which held the Treasure House; the Tower-next-Treasure House; the Bishop's Tower, containing a sally port and the octagonal Red Tower, named after the red sandstone used in its construction, which linked to the other end of the town wall circuit. Stables, a blacksmith's workshop and storehouses once ran along the inside of the south-western corner of the castle.
The town walls stretch for around 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) from the north edge of the castle to its southeastern tip and mostly remain intact. The walls were built in the 13th century and originally protected by four mural towers, positioned in a disorderly pattern; the two gatehouses and the defences along the eastern salient were added in the 14th century.
Only the foundations of the Exchequer Gate on the western side of the walls remain but the gatehouse would originally have been protected by two circular towers, with a rectangular glacis base to prevent undermining. The walls between the Exchequer and Burgess Gate at the north-west corner of the circuit are intact. The Burgess Gate has two circular towers protecting a vaulted passage way, again with a distinctive glacis base. The gatehouse is built from white limestone and yellow sandstone, with the stonework forming a chequered design; this was a common decorative approach at the time and would have symbolised local civic pride. Although the top courses have been lost, the gatehouse might originally have stood up to 60 feet (18 m) tall. The section of the walls to the east of the Burgess Gate has been lost.
The walled circuit recommences in the north-east corner of the town, where the walls survive up to 15 feet (4.6 m) high, further protected by the two-storey tall North-Eastern Tower. On the eastern side of the walls, the original defences had been set back from the edge of a rocky salient, protected by the Countess Tower, an angular, two-storey building with two towers. The defences were adapted to follow the outer edge of the salient, with the Goblin Tower built on the outermost point, overlooking the edge of the cliffs. The Goblin Tower is a hexagonal, two-storey tower, protecting a deep well that formed the only reliable source of water for the defences during the summer.
The walled circuit continues south, meeting the Bastion Tower in the south-east corner.[88] The Bastion Tower was originally three storeys tall and was decorated with chequered sandstone and limestone in a similar fashion to the Burgess Gate.
Denbigh is a market town and a community in Denbighshire, Wales. Formerly the county town of the historic county of Denbighshire until 1888, Denbigh's Welsh name (Dinbych) translates to "Little Fortress"; a reference to its historic castle. Denbigh lies near the Clwydian Hills.
Denbigh Castle, together with its town walls, was built in 1282 (742 years ago) by order of King Edward I. The Burgess Gate, whose twin towers adorn the symbol on Denbigh's civic seal, was once the main entrance into the town. The first borough charter was granted to Denbigh in 1290, when the town was still contained within the old town walls. It was the centre of the Marcher Lordship of Denbigh. The town was involved in the revolt of Madog ap Llywelyn in 1294–1295; the castle was captured in the autumn and, on 11 November 1294, a relieving force was defeated by the Welsh rebels. The town was recaptured by Edward I in December. Denbigh was also burnt in 1400 during the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr.
During the Wars of the Roses (1455–1487), the town was largely destroyed, subsequently moving from the hilltop to the area of the present town market.
Leicester's Church is an unfinished church. In 1579, Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, who was also Baron of Denbigh, planned for there to be a cathedral. His intention was to move the status of city from neighbouring St Asaph. The project ran out of money and, when Robert Dudley died, it was left as ruins; it is now in the care of Cadw.
In 1643, during the English Civil War, Denbigh became a refuge for a Royalist garrison. Surrendering in 1646, the castle and town walls eventually fell into ruin.
The town grew around the textile industry in the 1600s, hosting specialist glovers, weavers, smiths, shoemakers, saddlers, furriers and tanners. Denbigh has been an important location for the agricultural industry throughout its history.
Denbigh railway station once served the town on the former London and North Western Railway, later part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.
It was a junction for the Vale of Clwyd Railway line, which lead north to St Asaph and Rhyl, and the Mold and Denbigh Junction Railway. The former was closed in 1955, leaving Denbigh on a lengthy branch running from Chester to Ruthin, via Mold, which subsequently closed in 1962. A southern continuation beyond Ruthin, linking up with the Great Western Railway at Corwen, had closed in 1952.
The station site has been redeveloped since into a small retail park; however, remains of a platform can still be seen beside the road leading to the Home Bargains store, Aldi Supermarket and two charity shops.
At one time, the majority of the population sought employment at the North Wales Hospital, which, dating back to the 1840s, cared for people with psychiatric illnesses. The hospital closed in 1995 and has since fallen into disrepair. In October 2008, a special series of episodes of Most Haunted, titled Village of the Damned, was broadcast from the North Wales Hospital over 7 days. As of October 2018, the derelict building has passed into the ownership of Denbighshire County Council.
Denbigh had a town cinema on Love Lane. It opened as the Scala in 1928, before being re-branded as the Wedgwood Cinema in the late 1970s. It closed in October 1980, then reopened by Lewis Colwell in 1982 and renamed the Futura Cinema. The cinema closed again in the 1990s, but the building remained open as a video rental store. In 1995, Peter Moore reopened the cinema for a short period before being arrested and convicted of the murder of four men. The video rental store closed and the building is now in ruin awaiting redevelopment. Denbigh has no permanent cinema, though Denbigh Film Club regularly operates in Theatr Twm o'r Nant.
The population at the 2001 Census was 8,783,[10] increasing to 8,986 in the 2011 census., reducing in the 2021 census to 8,669.
Attractions in the town include Denbigh Library, Denbigh Castle and the castle walls, Cae Dai 1950s museum, Theatr Twm o'r Nant, medieval parish church St Marcella's, and a small shopping complex. Denbigh Boxing Club is located on Middle Lane. Denbigh Community Hospital was established in 1807. Denbigh Town Hall is a Grade II* listed building.
Denbigh Cricket Club is one of the oldest cricket clubs in Wales having been established in 1844. The club plays at the Ystrad Road ground and plays in the North Wales Cricket League. The 1st XI play in the Premier Division having won the Division 1 championship in 2010 with the 2nd XI in Division 3.
For over 50 years, a barrel rolling competition has been held on Boxing Day in the town square.
There are a number of places to stay in Denbigh, including Tyn Yr Eithin, a caravan, camping, and glamping site based on the edge of the town which has been hosting tourists since 1986.
There are three secondary schools located in Denbigh. Denbigh High School is the larger of the two, consisting of nearly 600 pupils and approximately 60 staff. The current headmaster is Glen Williams.
St Brigid's is a Catholic voluntary aided school on Mold Road on the outskirts of the town which caters for pupils between the ages of 3 – 19. There is a strict admissions policy and until 2009 the school only accepted girls. The schools current headteacher is Leah Crimes.
Myddleton College is the former Howell's Preparatory School and is an independent co-educational day and boarding school.
All 3 of these High Schools in Denbigh, along with Ysgol Brynhyfryd (Ruthin), Ysgol Glan Clwyd (St Asaph), Denbigh College, and Llysfasi College (Deeside) have joined to offer a combined 6th form under the title 'The Dyffryn Clwyd Consortium'.
Crest Mawr Wood (alt. - Crêst) is a Site of Special Scientific Interest to the north west, adjoining Denbigh Golf Club and the Tarmac Quarry, an historic and ancient deciduous woodland. This woodland is endangered due to environmental pressure and competing land use in the area.
Denbigh hosted the National Eisteddfod of Wales in 1882, 1939, 2001 and 2013.
Notable people
Rhoda Broughton (1840–1920), novelist
Elizabeth Casson (1881–1954) doctor and occupational therapy pioneer.
Shefali Chowdhury (born 1988), actor, notably in the Harry Potter films
CDawgVA (born 1996), YouTuber and podcaster, presenter of Trash Taste
Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (1532–1588), also known as Baron of Denbigh
Thomas Gee (1815–1898), a Welsh Nonconformist preacher, journalist and publisher.
David Griffith (1800–1894), known as "Clwydfardd" a Welsh poet and Archdruid of the National Eisteddfod of Wales.
Dr Samuel Johnson (1709–1784), visited friends and relation in Denbigh many times and has an urn memorial in his honour in the woods nearby.
Professor Edward Taylor Jones FRSE (1872–1961), physicist
Eirian Llwyd (1951–2014), printmaker and wife of former Plaid Cymru leader Ieuan Wyn Jones
Humphrey Llwyd (1527–1568), a Welsh cartographer, author, antiquary and MP.
Sir Hugh Myddleton (1560–1631), royal jeweller, goldsmith and entrepreneur.
Thomas Myddelton (1550–1631) a Welsh merchant, Lord Mayor of London & MP
Twm o'r Nant (1739–1810), playwright, real name Thomas Edwards
Beatrix Potter (1866–1943), spent summers with her aunt and uncle at Gwaenynog Hall between 1895 and 1913 and used their large garden as inspiration for The Tale of Peter Rabbit
Susan Reynolds (1929–2021) a medieval historian
Kate Roberts (1891–1985), Welsh language writer.
Several members of the Salusbury Family, who represented Denbigh over the years.
Sir Henry Morton Stanley (1841–1904), a journalist and explorer
Mark Webster (born 1983) Welsh darts international, winner of the BDO World Darts Championship 2008
Bryn Williams (born 1977), TV chef who won the Great British Menu BBC TV programme.
Denbighshire is a county in the north-east of Wales. It borders the Irish Sea to the north, Flintshire to the east, Wrexham to the southeast, Powys to the south, and Gwynedd and Conwy to the west. Rhyl is the largest town, and Ruthin is the administrative centre. Its borders differ from the historic county of the same name.
Denbighshire has an area of 326 square miles (840 km2) and a population of 95,800, making it sparsely populated. The most populous area is the coast, where Rhyl (25,149) and Prestatyn (19,085) form a single built-up area with a population of 46,267. The next-largest towns are Denbigh (8,986), Ruthin (5,461), and Rhuddlan (3,709). St Asaph (3,355) is a city. All of these settlements are in the northern half of the county; the south is even less densely populated, and the only towns are Corwen (2,325) and Llangollen (3,658).
The geography of Denbighshire is defined by the broad valley of the River Clwyd, which is surrounded by rolling hills on all sides except the north, where it reaches the coast. The Vale of Clwyd, the lower valley, is given over to crops, while cattle and sheep graze the uplands. The Clwydian Range in the east is part of the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
This part of Wales contains the country's oldest known evidence of habitation – Pontnewydd (Bontnewydd-Llanelwy) Palaeolithic site has Neanderthal remains of some 225,000 years ago. The county is also home to several medieval castles, including Castell Dinas Brân, Denbigh, and Rhuddlan, as well as St Asaph Cathedral. Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod takes place in the town each July.
The main area was formed on 1 April 1996 under the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, from various parts of the county of Clwyd. It includes the district of Rhuddlan (formed in 1974 entirely from Flintshire), the communities of Trefnant and Cefn Meiriadog from the district of Colwyn (entirely Denbighshire) and most of the Glyndŵr district. The last includes the former Edeyrnion Rural District, part of the administrative county of Merionethshire before 1974, covering the parishes of Betws Gwerfil Goch, Corwen, Gwyddelwern, Llangar, Llandrillo yn Edeirnion and Llansanffraid.
Other principal areas including part of historical Denbighshire are Conwy, which picked up the remainder of 1974–1996 Colwyn, the Denbighshire parts of 1974–1996 Aberconwy, and Wrexham, which corresponds to the pre-1974 borough of Wrexham along with most of Wrexham Rural District and several parishes of Glyndŵr. Post-1996 Powys includes the historically Denbighshire parishes of Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant, Llansilin and Llangedwyn, which formed part of Glyndŵr district.
Researchers have found signs that Denbighshire was inhabited at least 225,000 years ago. Bontnewydd Palaeolithic site is one of the most significant in Britain. Hominid remains of probable Neanderthals have been found, along with stone tools from the later Middle Pleistocene.
In 2021 February, archaeologists from Aeon Archaeology announced a discovery of over 300 Stone Age tools and artifacts in Rhuddlan. They revealed scrapers, microliths, flakes of chert (a hard, fine-grained, sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz), flints and other rudimentary tools. An expert, Richard Cooke, believes the lithic remains belonged to ancient peoples, who while passing through the area, made camp by the river more than 9,000 years ago.
The eastern edge of Denbighshire follows the ridge of the Clwydian Range, with a steep escarpment to the west and a high point at Moel Famau (1,820 ft (555 m)), which with the upper Dee Valley forms an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley – one of just five in the Wales. The Denbigh Moors (Mynydd Hiraethog) are in the west of the county and the Berwyn Range adjacent to the southern edge. The River Clwyd has a broad fertile Vale running from south–north in the centre of the county. There is a narrow coastal plain in the north which much residential and holiday-trade development. The highest point in the historic county was Cadair Berwyn at 832 m or 2,730 ft), but the boundary changes since 1974 make Cadair Berwyn North Top the highest point. Denbighshire borders the present-day principal areas of Gwynedd, Conwy County Borough, Flintshire, Wrexham County Borough, and Powys.
Rhyl and Prestatyn form a single built-up area in the north of the county, with a population of 46,267. They are immediately adjacent to the Kinmel Bay and Abergele built-up area in neighbouring Conwy, and at the eastern end of series of coastal resorts which that also includes Colwyn Bay and Llandudno further west.
According to the 2021 United Kingdom census, Denbighshire's population was approximately 95,800. According to previous censuses, the population of Denbighshire was 93,734 in 2011 and 93,065 in 2001. The largest towns on the coast are Rhyl (2001 population c. 25,000) and Prestatyn (2001 population c. 18,000). According to the 2011 Census returns, 24.6 per cent stated they could speak Welsh.
Since the 20th-century demise of the coal and steel industries in the Wrexham area, there is no heavy industry in the county. Although most towns have small industrial parks or estates for light industry, the economy is based on agriculture and tourism. Much of the working population is employed in the service sector. The uplands support sheep and beef cattle rearing, while in the Vale of Clwyd dairy farming and wheat and barley crops predominate. Many towns have livestock markets and farming supports farm machinery merchants, vets, feed merchants, contractors and other ancillaries. With their incomes on the decline, farmers have found opportunities in tourism, rural crafts, specialist food shops, farmers' markets and value-added food products.
The upland areas with their sheep farms and small, stone-walled fields are attractive to visitors. Redundant farm buildings are often converted into self-catering accommodation, while many farmhouses supply bed and breakfast. The travel trade began with the arrival of the coast railway in the mid-19th century, opening up the area to Merseyside. This led to a boom in seaside guest houses. More recently, caravan sites and holiday villages have thrived and ownership of holiday homes increased. Initiatives to boost the economy of North Wales continue, including redevelopment of the Rhyl seafront and funfair.
The North Wales Coast Line running from Crewe to Holyhead is served by Transport for Wales and Avanti West Coast services. Trains leaving Crewe to pass through Chester, cross the River Dee into Wales, and continue through Flint, Shotton, Holywell Junction (closed in 1966), Prestatyn, Rhyl, and stations to Bangor and Holyhead, which has a ferry service to Ireland.
There are no motorways in Denbighshire. The A55 dual carriageway runs from Chester through St Asaph to the North Wales coast at Abergele, then parallel to the railway through Conwy and Bangor to Holyhead. The A548 run from Chester to Abergele through Deeside and along the coast, before leaving the coast and terminating at Llanrwst. The main road from London, the A5, passes north-westwards through Llangollen, Corwen and Betws-y-Coed to join the A55 and terminate at Bangor. The A543 crosses the Denbigh Moors from south-east to north-west, and the A525 links Ruthin with St Asaph.
There are local bus services between the main towns. Several services by Arriva Buses Wales run along the main coast road between Chester and Holyhead, linking the coastal resorts. Another route links Rhyl to Denbigh.
Denbighshire is represented in the House of Commons by three MPs. The Welsh Labour Party lost to the Welsh Conservatives in the 2019 general election for the first time.
The following MPs were elected from Denbighshire in 2019:
Simon Baynes (Welsh Conservatives) in Clwyd South, first elected in 2019.
David Jones (Welsh Conservatives) in Clwyd West, first elected in 2005.
James Davies (Welsh Conservatives) in Vale of Clwyd, first elected in 2019.
Denbighshire is also represented in the Senedd by three members elected in 2021:
Ken Skates (Welsh Labour) in Clwyd South, first elected in 2011
Darren Millar (Welsh Conservatives) in Clwyd West, first elected in 2007
Gareth Davies (Welsh Conservatives) in Vale of Clwyd, first elected in 2021.
In 2019, research by UnHerd in association with the pollster FocalData showed that most people across the county support the British monarchy.
One of the OLYMPUS tough underwater digital cameras. I was thinking of making it my go to carry-about camera. But after looking at this series of shots I've shelved that idea. Based on these shots this is, at best, only a snapshot camera. If you will be needing to crop or make significant enlargements from your shots this camera is not likely going to make you happy. When enlarged these shots exhibit a lack of sharpness and detail and exhibit the beginnings of digital noise. I will keep working with this camera to see if I can improve these results using different settings.
SoTru® OrganicGreens provides the antioxidant equivalent of 5 standard servings of vegetables. Let’s be honest, how many of us are eating enough veggies? Last we checked, chocolate bars and nachos don’t count towards our daily allowance of vegetables. But it’s not just that, SoTru™ OrganicGreens also contain probiotics and fiber to help promote optimal digestive health, enhance immune function, and improve overall health. So if you didn’t know, there’s a lot of good stuff going on in this bottle.
Decided to add some detail to the Ranchero. First, the tires. I had instaled four Firestone tires from a AMT kit, but found them to be too big. To remedy that, I found for sale online four tires and some parts from a diecast Bullit Mustang (Revell 1/24 scale). The tires were perfect, smaller than the ones from AMT, and to meke it even better, I painted some white lines on them. Another Revell part is the tower strut reinforcement, that replaced the one from a old AMT Mustang kit, that was way too big. A nice tool box in the pick up bed gave extra detail.
27 April 2016, Accra – FAO Regional Office for Africa and the Ghanaian Ministry of Trade and Industry have launched a new regional project on improving food packaging for the small and medium agro-enterprise sector in ten countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (Ghana, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania and Zambia). The three year-project is jointly managed by FAO, the International Trade Centre (ITC). Photo: ©FAO/Samuel Creppy
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Rejuvenates and revitalizes skin; delays the signs of aging like wrinkles in skin.
Improves skin quality and complexion.
Effective in allergic hives, allergic dermatitis, melasma, allergic rhinitis, skin bumps, leaking fluid from skin.
Is used to treat itching skin disorders, pruritis, blisters, fungal skin infections.
It is a kind of umbrella against fungal infections, hives and blisters.
These are the first pictures taken with my new&improved LUMIX camera. Much better video and optical zoom that goes to 60x! Sorry for what seems to be duplication…I was trying out the burst capability ;-)
About my pictures:
Since 2014 I've been documenting the daily, destructive, poisonous chemtrail activity in the Dayton, Ohio area -- home of the notorious Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (visited by every important person on Earth, and even a few Aliens ;-) -- and apparently from my photo and video documentation, Chemtrail Central. This area has been getting chemtrailed on a massive, daily basis and is being conducted, as they say, “in plain sight”. I've got over 10,000 high-resolution pictures already uploaded and available for free on Flickr, with thousands more on the way:
www.flickr.com/photos/133042043@N04/albums
Additional Chemtrail videos may be found on:
www.youtube.com/user/BlueRidgeParkway
I am designating all my chemtrail pictures uploaded to Flickr as CC0 (Creative Commons Zero), which removes my copyright and releases them into the Public Domain. They are archived on Flickr under "Chem Trailchaser". I hope by making these images widely available, it will accelerate interest, research, study and more documentation from all over the world. Please, download, copy, backup, mirror, share, use and improve as many of these photos as you can! Thanks for looking - Chem
The ongoing presence of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) in Leer County is contributing to improved security, allowing lifesaving humanitarian operations in the area.
The presence of UNMISS in Leer County has been reinforced since November 2015 through the deployment of a company from the Mongolian Battalion (MONBATT), which allows situational awareness of the conflicting parties, monitoring of human rights abuses, monitoring of movements of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), protection for civilians and facilitation of the peace dialogue.
International and local humanitarian organizations operating in the county include ICRC, Norwegian Refugee Council, MSF, Midair, Nile Hope, Universal Intervention Development Organization and Rural Community Development Initiative.
Both Government and SPLA-IO county authorities said the ongoing patrols and peace dialogue facilitated by UNMISS have resulted in increased freedom of access for humanitarians to address food insecurity and health issues of the population.
The County Commissioner urged people who left the county to come back as peace is returning and asked all citizens to commit themselves to peace and reconciliation.
Improving the Manfrotto bag by adding swivels to the straps. Here you can see the D-Rings (from Joanne Fabrics) and swivel latch (Lowe's).
Farmers receive improved cassava varieties after a training session at cassava farmers forum, Lafia in Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
FAO has distributed farm inputs worth over US$ 623,000.00 to over 6,500 food insecure households in The Gambia. This FAO-supported programme covered households in the North Bank Region (NBR), Lower River Region (LRR), Central River Region (CRR) and Upper River Region (URR)). These regions have stunting rates above the national average. The intervention aims to reverse the trend through increased crops (rice, maize, groundnuts) production and productivity. Photo Credit: ©FAO/Samuel Creppy