Here is the amazing The Village Cave Hotel i stayed in Cappadocia. I would highly recommend The Village Cave Hotel for all backpackers, like me :). You can even book your hostel online from Turkey Hostels. Cheers !

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Olympus PEN-F Review Part.1

Olympus PEN-F Review Part.2

Olympus PEN-F Review Part.3

Olympus MZD 17mm f/1.2 PRO Review

Olympus MZD 25mm f/1.2 PRO Review

Olympus MZD 45mm f/1.2 PRO Review

Olympus MZD 75mm f/1.8 Review

Panasonic LEICA DG 12mm f/1.4 Review

Panasonic LEICA DG 8-18mm f/2.8-4 Review

A Five-Year Photographic Journey with the M4/3 Series.

December Daily 2010 | Creating A Foundation.

clickeventonline.com/event/politica/161219-HomenajeDrBeat...

INTERAMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR DEMOCRACY

Invitó a la

Sesión de Honor en Homenaje al

Dr. Virgilio Beato "100 Años"

Programa

1. Palabras de bienvenida por Carlos Sánchez Berzaín

Director Ejecutivo del IID.

2. Entrega de Honores y Homenajes por Instituciones y Autoridades.

3. Presentación de Honores y Homenaje a cargo de Carlos Alberto

Montaner - Presidente del IID.

4. Palabras del Dr. Virgilio Beato.

5. Brindis por sus 100 años.

LUNES 19 DE DICIEMBRE, 2016 A LAS 6:00PM

Este evento se llevará a cabo en:

Hyatt Regency Coral Gables

Venetian Ballroom

50 Alhambra Plaza

Coral Gables, FL 33134

Tel: (305) 441-1234

Dr. Virgilio Beato, MD.

Doctor en Medicina. Graduado en la escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de La Habana, Cuba en 1943 de donde fue profesor. En 1961 recibió una carta del gobierno castrista donde se le acusaba de ser un contrarrevolucionario prohibiéndole la entrada al hospital, lo que forzó su exilio. Médico de gran prestigio y catedrático en San Antonio, Texas y Miami. Es reconocido como Maestro de la Medicina y Filósofo. Miembro del Consejo Consultivo y Director del Interamerican Institute for Democracy.

Introduction to AlgebraMathematics is a kind of subject without which any of the class syllabus is not furnished. It's the important topic and also the includes complex part of studies every time. Today we are going to take you on the ride of your journey throughout the schooling with mathematics but mainly we will discuss one of the mathematical branch rather than whole math content. Today's highlighted branch is Algebra, so let us start first with what Algebra is all about then go through the content which students need to learn till class 12th from their starting line. Algebra is preferred to be used as a tool to solve complex optimized techniques of solving mathematical queries. The problem is that Algebra is very vast itself, so until students not get aware from whole algebra concept till then he is not able to use its fundamentals as tool. Initial classes of students include introduction part of algebra and as they move towards their upper classes Algebra problems evaluation is the target for students and finally when they reach to 10 +2 class, that time their total past learning of algebra is needed to br compiled in a single form to implement the principles and formulas together in other applications solving.

Created by: Wayne Martin Belger

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La GTR Skyline R33 ici avec un kit Nismo est une sportive reproduite par Autoart en miniature 1/18. Elle est rare mais encore trouvable sur les sites de ventes en enchères

Modern Ceiling Fan with Retractable Blades ( Video )... All daily inspiration

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Da muromuseum.blogspot.it/2014/06/il-nido-di-vespe-di-lucama...:

Verso le 4 del mattino del 17 aprile 1944 al Quadraro scatta il piano "Unternehmen Walfisch" ("Operazione "Balena"), feroce rastrellamento ad opera della Gestapo e della polizia fascista condotto personalmente dal comandante Kappler per punire il quartiere di Roma che fu uno dei più attivi e organizzati centri dell'antifascismo e della Resistenza in Italia.

Il Museo di Urban Art di Roma MURo - che nasce proprio in questo quartiere - ha dedicato nel 2012 il murale di Gary Baseman (Largo dei Quintili) alla memoria di questa profonda ferita, e lo stesso concept che è alla base dei murales a più mani di via dei Lentuli è dedicato al ricordo di quel migliaio di uomini deportati.

Ai 70 anni da quell'evento, a metà aprile del 2014, abbiamo voluto che l'artista romano Lucamaleonte realizzasse un proprio "Nido di Vespe" in via del Monte del Grano, un'opera che sottolinea l'orgoglio con cui i cittadini del Quadraro accolsero e conservano ancora quell'appellativo che i nazisti diedero al quartiere in segno di disprezzo.

Il curatore del progetto, l'artista David Diavù Vecchiato, racconta nell'intervento che segue perché per raccontare questa storia ha selezionato quel muro e perché la scelta di Lucamaleonte.

«Perché proprio questo muro? Perché ha un significato preciso, rappresenta in senso urbanistico, ma anche storico, una porta di ingresso al Quadraro vecchio. Un buco spazio-temporale di cui ora non si ha più percezione, ma che qualche decennio fa rendeva questo quartiere prigioniero di un dopoguerra fantasma, che si trascinava tardivo, che faticava a terminare, rappresentato da baracche di lamiera, case semidistrutte abitate da immigrati - all'epoca i cosiddetti "ultimi" erano gli italiani del meridione - e strade sterrate e polverose, com’era questa via del Monte del Grano ancora negli anni 70 mentre, arrivati a Largo dei Tribuni, la zona già cambiava totalmente aspetto e il Quadraro nuovo, esempio di modernità e di progresso – che nei fatti fu preda di numerose speculazioni edilizie - vedeva crescere palazzi a più piani, servizi pubblici, attività commerciali ecc.

Il Quadraro vecchio era invece là isolato, ghettizzato, e rappresentava ancora quel covo, quel pericoloso nido di vespe, da tenere alla larga.

L'appellattivo "nido di vespe" fu dato al quartiere in senso spregiativo dal comandante Kappler, noto responsabile dell'eccidio delle Fosse Ardeatine, che pianificò e condusse al Quadraro l'infame "Operazione Balena”, la deportazione di circa mille uomini dai 16 ai 55 anni nei campi di lavoro nazisti, venduti a industriali tedeschi che li usavano come schiavi.

Oltre alla vendetta contro potenziali partigiani e ribelli, l'intenzione criminale era colpire l'economia del Quadraro, lasciare da sole le donne coi bambini a morire di stenti.

Invece mai nome fu più azzeccato di "nido", perché ci fu una grande collaborazione tra gli abitanti che si aiutarono, si risollevarono e, anche grazie all'industria del cinema in rapida espansione della vicina Cinecittà, esercitarono nuovi lavori prima inaspettati. Divennero comparse nei kolossal americani e nei film italiani e caratteristi, aprirono osterie, divennero artigiani dei set, scenografi, tecnici e altri professionisti del settore, ecc.

Questo muro intende ora simboleggiare la resistenza di questo quartiere, insignito della medaglia al valor civile perché subì quell'infame deportazione rimanendo fedele ai suoi ideali di libertà.

Nessuno fece mai la spia, piuttosto morirono nei campi di concentramento.

La formula fisica della Resistenza campeggia oggi alta sul murale di Lucamaleonte.

Il fatto che questa via del Monte del Grano sia una strada-simbolo del passaggio da un tempo ad un altro, e da uno stato di cose ad un altro, come un portale nella Storia, lo percepiscono gli stessi abitanti, infatti la scritta "You are entering to Free Quadraro", riportata da anonimo su questo muro (che era ispirata ai murales dell’area autonoma auto-dichiarata della città irlandese Derry nel contesto del conflitto nord-irlandese e che Lucamaleonte ha ripreso fedelmente nella sua opera) esprime questo senso di accoglienza in una sorta di 'altro' mondo, con 'altre' leggi e 'altri' riti.

È una porta che stimola alla consapevolezza di un passato da non dimenticare mai.

...

Queste vespe dipinte da Luca producono un miele migliore, che non intende essere dolce per i palati dei potenti, non sono pura decorazione urbana, stanno piuttosto qua a ricordarci che quando l'uomo diventa pericoloso per se stesso e per la natura che lo ospita bisogna ribellarsi, combattere e resistere, farsi come le vespe, che pungono più volte senza soccombere, senza perdere il pungiglione.

E sono così grandi perché grande è colui che resiste per la salvaguardia della sua specie e del bene condiviso».

Perspective 3D Wall Decals, Bring Another Dimension to Your Lovely Home... All daily inspiration

Thinking about ;what? Who knows?Or just watching..

intelligenttravel.typepad.com/it/2007/12/index.html

December 04, 2007

Dorm Room Furniture... All daily inspiration

[crosseye stereograph, see 3D with your right eye on the left image, and left on right.]

www.flickr.com/photos/disneywizard/3782437715/

www.flickr.com/photos/disneywizard/4465868039/

Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, No. #664

Why it works.

Steam in the top, compressed air out of the bottom. Dual action piston on top cycles automatically with a "Shortend Stroke" valve (that's the small rod in the center) to drive the main rod that compresses atmospheric air, intake from a filter, to a pressure vessel (tank) to maintain the brake line pressure. If the line is dumped, or slowly released, springs on each car in the train no longer hold the brakes away from the wheels, which apply the brakes until line pressure is restored, releasing the brakes by overcoming the springs. Each brake shoe is balanced in equilibrium with all the others, applying exactly the same dynamic pressure evenly along the entire train. There are many ways to compress air, this is the most common on steam locomotives.

Identical pumps can also be used to compress feed water into the boiler, so often there will be two compressors on the fireman's side of the engine. One to maintain the boiler water level and one to maintain the brake system air pressure.

Why not just use steam pressure? Steam pressure changes depending on the load of the locomotive and this isolates that variability. But more importantly, steam condenses into water when cooled, taking up less volume -decreasing the pressure - applying the brakes, and worse is the maintenance nightmare of water rusting the interior of the brake system parts. The moisture in the air, when compressed, precipitates out and is caught in the first pressure storage tank, which is why one finds a drain valve at the bottom of it.

dsc00153, 2010.03.41 17.54, 34.154343, -118.309, 3D, California, Los Angeles, Griffith Park, Travel Town, locomotive, AT&SF #664

Artigo: ibflorestas.org.br/pt/bioma-pampa.html

Os Campos da região Sul do Brasil são denominados como “pampa”, termo de origem indígena para “região plana”. Esta denominação, no entanto, corresponde somente a um dos tipos de campo, mais encontrado ao sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, atingindo o Uruguai e a Argentina.

Outros tipos conhecidos como campos do alto da serra são encontrados em áreas de transição com o domínio de araucárias. Em outras áreas encontram-se, ainda, campos de fisionomia semelhantes à savana. Os campos, em geral, parecem ser formações edáficas (do próprio solo) e não climáticas. A pressão do pastoreio e a prática do fogo não permitem o estabelecimento da vegetação arbustiva, como se verifica em vários trechos da área de distribuição dos Campos do Sul.

A região geomorfológica do planalto de Campanha, a maior extensão de campos do Rio Grande do Sul, é a porção mais avançada para oeste e para o sul do domínio morfoestrutural das bacias e coberturas sedimentares. Nas áreas de contato com o arenito botucatu, ocorrem os solos podzólicos vermelho-escuros, principalmente a sudoeste de Quaraí e a sul e sudeste de Alegrete, onde se constata o fenômeno da desertificação. O solo, em geral, de baixa fertilidade natural e bastante suscetível à erosão.

À primeira vista, a vegetação campestre mostra uma aparente uniformidade, apresentando nos topos mais planos um tapete herbáceo baixo – de 60 cm a 1 m -, ralo e pobre em espécies, que se torna mais denso e rico nas encostas, predominando gramíneas, compostas e leguminosas; os gêneros mais comuns são: Stipa, Piptochaetium, Aristida, Melica, Briza. Sete gêneros de cactos e bromeliáceas apresentam espécies endêmicas da região. A mata aluvial apresenta inúmeras espécies arbóreas de interesse comercial.

Na Área de Proteção Ambiental do Rio Ibirapuitã, inserida neste bioma, ocorrem formações campestres e florestais de clima temperado, distintas de outras formações existentes no Brasil. Além disso, abriga 11 espécies de mamíferos raros ou ameaçados de extinção, ratos d’água, cevídeos e lobos, e 22 espécies de aves nesta mesma situação. Pelo menos uma espécie de peixe, cará (Gymnogeophagus sp., Família Cichlidae) é endêmica da bacia do rio Ibirapuitã.

O Pampa Gaúcho está situado no sul do Brasil, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, na divisa com o Uruguai. O Pampa é uma região de clima temperado, com temperaturas médias de 18°C, formada por coxilhas onde se situam os campos de produção pecuária e as várzeas que se caracterizam por áreas baixas e úmidas. A região sul tem, na pecuária, uma tradição que se iniciou com a colonização do Brasil.

Os campos no RS ocupam uma área de aproximadamente 40% da área total do estado. O Pampa gaúcho da Campanha Meridional encontra-se dentro da área de maior proporção de campos naturais preservados do Brasil, sendo um dos ecossistemas mais importantes do mundo.

Hughes High School is the second oldest high school in the Cincinnati public school system. The school was named after Thomas Hughes, a cobbler who willed his property to the city in order to educate the poor. The original Hughes High School was built in 1853 and located on Fifth and Mound Streets.

Over the years, the school has expanded and underwent a complete renovation in 2008. The school also goes by Hughes Center and is a college preparatory school and has programs like STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics) and the Zoo Academy – a partnership with the Cincinnati Zoo that teaches students about wildlife.

Hughes High School is the second oldest high school in the Cincinnati public school system. Established with a bequest from cobbler Thomas Hughes whose shop was next door to William Woodward's tanning store on Liberty Street between Main and Sycamore.

This structure was completed in 1910 in Clifton at the northwest corner of Clifton Ave. and West McMillan St.

Hughes High School celebrates 100 years at Clifton Avenue site

OCTOBER 18, 2010

On Oct. 10, the Hughes STEM High School community celebrated the building's 100th birthday. While the school is best known for its current building -- a massive structure replete with exterior gargoyles, Rookwood Pottery and Terrazzo floors – its history goes back 160 years. To Thomas Hughes.

The Oct. 10 event celebrated the school's 100-year legacy since opening at its current location in 1910, as well as the recent completion of a $40-million renovation to enhance the STEM environment. Upgrades include new plumbing and electrical systems, a new central air-conditioning system and upgrades to technology and science labs.

www.dressthat.com/gorgeous-a-line-sweetheart-sleeveless-b...

www.warbirdregistry.org/jetregistry/a4-154332 .html

IMG_0051_3

Oakland Aviation Museum www.oaklandaviationmuseum.org/hours-and-location

With at least 3 marriages in my grandmother's family tree (apparently) in as many generations conducted within /b/ 1805 and 1853, this most historic bldg. in this historic city features more often than any other I know of as a setting for such events in my mother's family history. (See below.)

- "St John's Kirk is the oldest standing building in Perth, and is one of the most important parish kirks in Scotland. It was first mentioned in 1126, and has played a central part in the life of the burgh. The original building was completed by 1241, when the Kirk was dedicated by the Bishop of St Andrews, but it has undergone many alterations since then. In 1440 a new choir was built, now the oldest remaining part of the building. The nave was rebuilt later in the century.

- "The best known incident to take place [here] was John Knox's sermon against idolatry, preached on May 11, 1559. Some of the congregation (Knox referred to them as "the rascal multitude") took him at his word, stoned the priest, stripped the church of all its fittings and ornaments, then ran to the Greyfriars, Blackfriars, and Charterhouse monasteries and stripped them down to their bare walls. [Wtf?] After the reformation, partitions were erected to divide the church into 3, the East, Middle and West Kirks, each with its own congregation and minister." www.perthcity.co.uk/attractions-and-leisure/buildings-mon... www.scottish-places.info/parishes/parhistory555.html My great x 3 grandparents (Mom's Mom's Mom's Dad's parents) and the bride's parents, my great 4 grandparents, were married in this church, specifically the 'East Church Parish'. (See below.)

- St. John's has the finest collection of post-Reformation church plate in Scotland. And the collection of medieval bells is the largest to have survived in Great Britain.

- Perth's old name 'St. John's town' was a reference to this kirk.

www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/perth/stjohnskirk/

- Here's a virtual 3D tour.: youtu.be/SXPN0PN4MSc?si=IBGZ4Ils7mS_-Kch

The following's only of interest to close family or to those on my Mom's Mom's side. (It's a dry repository of info. re my Mom's Mom's tree.):

- My great great grandparents (Mom's Mom's Dad's folks), George McLaren and Helen/Ellen Marshall, were married in Perth in 1853, and I had written "but not in this" in this space, as they were members of the 'Free Church', a popular denomination at the time, and although it was only 10 years old in 1853, there were a number of Free church bldg.s in and @ town back then. But George and Helen/Ellen were married by a Rev. Murdoch, and Google A.I. advises that: "In the 1850s, a Rev. John Murdoch was the minister of the Middle Church in Perth [within this kirk, divided into East, Middle and West churches], which adhered to the Church of Scotland." So it seems that George and Helen/Ellen were married in this church, the most recent marriage of 3 or 4 conducted within in my grandmother's family tree. (The earlier three are those of my great grandmother's father's parents David Greig and Elizabeth Whittet in 1826, of Elizabeth's parents Alexander Whittet and Helen/Nelly Mackie in 1805, and possibly of my great grandmother's great great grandparents, her Mom's Dad's Dad John Menzies' folks, in 1767.)

- "The Free Church of Scotland was formed in 1843 when most of the evangelical ministers in the Church of Scotland resigned because of state interference in its internal affairs. ... Under a system known as Patronage, landowners could nominate and present ministers to congregations, irrespective of whether those ministers were evangelical or even whether the congregation wanted them. This was regarded by many as totally unacceptable. ... The result was that in 1843, in what became known as 'The Disruption', [the] new denomination was formed. ... Immediately following the Disruption, Perth - 'where the Scottish Reformation first sprang from thought into action' - had 5 Free Church congregations." www.knoxchurchperth.com/history.html

GREIG - WHITTET - MACKIE

- A pair of great x 3 grandparents (Mom's Mom's Mom's Dad's folks), David Greig and Elizabeth "Whytock" (sic, Whittet), were married in Perth in THIS church a generation earlier in 1826, specifically in the 'East Church Parish' portion or division of it, as witnessed by church 'elder Robert Duncan'. I don't know of any ancestors in my tree who married younger. The groom was 16 or 17 and already a shoemaker, and the bride was 13 or 14 (more likely 14), but only if they both reported their ages accurately to census-takers in 1851, and if Elizabeth did so in 1861. Census records are contradictory as to whether their son Robert, my great great grandfather, was born in Perth or in Edinburgh, but most likely Edinburgh; 3 records indicate Perth and 2 Edinburgh, but those 2 are the earliest (neither is a baptismal record). If he misrepresented his place of birth as Perth, that could be a red flag that he wasn't proud of his childhood or of his roots in Edinburgh. But his father, David, the young groom, was born in Edinburgh. David and Elizabeth were both living in Perth in 1826, where he was "in the East Church Parish of Perth" and she was "in said Parish" per their marriage record. Elizabeth was born and/or raised in Inchture, Perthshire in the 'Carse of Gowry', much closer to Dundee than to this city. Her family was living in Perth (per this church's register) when her elder and younger sisters were baptized in this church, so the family seems to have moved back and forth some. It's also possible that they commuted from Inchture for those baptisms and that the minister or registrar was careless or assumed the family was Perthian when he wrote those entries in the register (despite his impressive handwriting). AND Elizabeth's parents, Alexander Whittet and Helen/Nellie Mackie, were married in this church as well another generation earlier by the august Rev. James Scott. artuk.org/discover/artworks/reverend-james-scott-of-perth... They spent some time in Perth. Did one of them have roots here? (More re Elizabeth's parents below.)

- @ 15 yr.s later, the young couple David and Elizabeth Greig and their 6 kids, of whom great great granddad was the eldest, were living in 'the Northback of Canongate' in Edinburgh, a crowded slum then, while David worked as a 'Bootcloser'. www.watercolourworld.org/collections/8ee47a53-02c0-3ba8-9... 10 yr.s later, he'd become a 'Master' shoemaker employing 2 people (incl. his son, great great granddad, I think, an apprentice 10 yr.s earlier) and the family had moved to an apt. in the "3rd House Right hand" in Skinner's close on the High st. at its west end in the "Parish of Tron church" (another slum then but the ultimate in prime real estate today), a low entrance to which is now covered by a convex mirror.: www.tiktok.com/@andy_highlander/video/7208633282970340614 www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/8193/skinners-c... www.google.com/maps/@55.9489106,-3.195509,3a,90y,353.68h,... (The impressive courtyard behind the entrance isn't on google maps.) My great x 3 grandmother Elizabeth's death record indicates both Skinner's Close and 64 High st. further east as her address (?). She was living as a widow in a small apt. at 64 High st. 2 yr.s earlier at age 48.

GREIG (and possibly REID, RUSSELL, FORBES, YOUNG, SHORT, REEKIE and PATERSONE)

- Genealogy can be a vice. The following lengthy series of paragraphs re the Greig branch of my tree, from a few paragraphs down to that with the heading MENZIES, is a bit like a difficult Sudoku where you make a 50/50 guess here and there, but more than one or two leads you astray. I can and will compare the names of siblings of 'candidates' for ancestors with the names of their parents and grandparents in light of Scottish naming traditions (time-consuming), but otherwise the upper reaches of this tree are too speculative and I should edit it way down. I revisited the Whittet-Mackie side of my tree (see below) and was reminded by those ancestors who lived in the early days of the Scottish census that as often as not baptism and marriage records are NOT extant. If not for those early censuses and the great statutory death records, I might've run with the "best candidates" and climbed way up the wrong trees. There are clues to look for, and I think I found some good ones in the McLaren branch (see below), but researching the "best candidate" w/o more to go on is wishful thinking. I'll delete most of this paragraph as well when I'm done, but I'll take a break too. (Why so much speculation you ask? I'm interested in the Greig branch of my tree what with the history of the clan MacGregor, which I write about here: ttps://www.flickr.com/photos/97924400@N00/9971315903/in/photostream/ , and wondered if I could find results that reach back towards the early 17th cent. I'm also encouraged by the quality of the records in Edinburgh, and David Greig is the only one of my grandmother's great grandparents, or the one most likely, to have roots in the city.)

- Census-takers reported twice that my great x 3 grandfather David Greig was born in Edinburgh. One recorded that he was 41 in 1851 (going on 42 later that year?) and that his wife Elizabeth was 38. They were both 30 in 1841, but adults' ages were rounded up or down to the nearest 5 that year. So it appears that David was born in 1809 or 1810 IF David knew how old he was. (I don't assume such things.) 3 David Greigs were baptized in the city /b/ 1808 and 1811, 5 /b/ 1800 and 1820. I found 3 of the 5 in official death records and a 4th with 'Find a Grave', and they don't match. The only possible exception in extant records was sired by Robert Greig "Weaver Mint" (Mint?) and Janet REID in the parish of 'St. Cuthbert's' in Jan., 1807, again 2 years too old if David knew his DoB. It doesn't seem unlikely that my great x 3 grandfather's baptism record isn't extant. None of the 23 David Greigs born /b/ 1800 and 1820 in Scotland who died after 1855 are a match, and the 3 Davids who appear in Church death records (typically very spotty) /b/ 1850 and 1855 don't match either.

- Re the Mint: the former premises of "the Royal Mint of Scotland ... in Edinburgh housed various trades in the early 19th cent. ... The Mint was located in South Gray's Close (aka Mint Close) off the Cowgate/South Bridge area." (Google A.I.) St. Cuthbert's is a famous church below the castle at the west end of Prince's st. gardens, and the parish was a large one that stretched to the north and south of the church. But South Gray's close is central, just @ the block from 59 Blackfriar's where my great grandmother and her family lived when she was a girl in the 1870s.

- No marriage record is extant for Robert Greig and Janet Reid in Scotland /b/ 1760 and 1808, nor a baptism record for any sibling of their son David.

- At least 55 Robert Greigs were baptized /b/ 1750 and 1792 in Scotland (many in Fife), 3 in Midlothian, 1 in Inveresk and 2 in St. Cuthbert's, Edinburgh in 1756 and 1782 (age 25 in 1807). The latter was sired by David Greig, "Weaver at Bell's Mill Steps" and Isobella RUSSELL, who have an interesting marriage record (1775) "in the Session of St. Cuthbert's".: They "voluntarily compeared [compear = "to appear in court personally or by attorney" in Scots law] before the session - being interrogate acknowledged their clandestine marriage - produced lines to that effect dated Edin. 11th November 1775. Signed [signature] one Charles Johnson as Min.r gave proof of their being single persons prior to the date of said clandestine marriage - were declared married persons rebuked exhorted and dismissed." (Strange but boilerplate, 4 of 5 entries on the page are in the same wording. "Clandestine marriages" were to be "rebuked", etc.) David and Isobella sired at least 6 kids /b/ 1777 and 1787. IF Robert Greig was also born in Midlothian, and if the records pertaining to this branch of my tree are extant to 1750, then it appears that this David Greig and Isobella Russell were my great x 5 grandparents (Mom's Mom's Mom's Dad's Dad's Dad's folks).

- "Bell's Mills was a historic milling site located on the 'Water of Leith' near Belford rd. in the Dean Village area of Edinburgh [one of the loveliest, most popular spots in the city]. The area featured a water mill - the last to operate on the river - which was destroyed in an explosion in 1971. The site, featuring steep steps leading down to the water and the nearby Bell's Brae, is now a residential area near the Dean Village." (Google A.I.) youtube.com/shorts/Ek-g5TlF5dA?si=b4LySjelC8KFzxBH

- At least 351 Janet/Jannet/Jane Reids (!) were baptized /b/ 1760 and 1792 in Scotland, 38 in Midlothian, 27 in Edinburgh, 5 in St. Cuthbert's, 12 in Edinburgh /b/ 1776 and 1792 (a better match with the candidate for Robert above [for what it's worth], but 12 is a lot) incl. 1 in St. Cuthbert's, sired in 1785 (22 in 1807) by Peter Reid, "Clerk of the Customs in the Grass Market," and Margaret Scede. "Peter Reid, Clerk of the Customs, and Sheep Flakes [clearly written - "racks or open wicker cages used to hold fodder for sheep during winter" - Google A.I.] in Grass Market, Edin.r, Residenter in Fountain Briggs [{sic, Fountainbridge} married] Margaret Seede Law.ll Daur. of the Deceased Robert Seede, Gardener in Abbeyhill, pres.t Residenter in Canongate ..." in 1781. (I worked as a duty counsel for years on a per diem basis and would occasionally note a connection /b/ a surname on the docket and the crime alleged. Eg.s - Upper, Purchase, Hardware, Felato -> Drug charges, shoplifting, weapons charges, and Soliciting for prostitution [pre-2013], respectively. When everyone you meet makes the same jokes all your life when they learn your name, it can play with your head. The same dynamic applies to professional choices, etc.) Margaret's parents were "Rob.t Seed Gardiner in Abbeyhill & Giles McIntyre" in Leith South (per her brothers' baptism records). At least 3 Peter Reids were baptized in Edinburgh /b/ 1745 and 1766, 2 in St. Cuthbert's. But Janet Reid was too common a name in Edinburgh in the late 18th cent. (again 12 in that 16 yr. window), and I think it's too speculative to research her tree further (and Peter and Margaret might've been too established to have a weaver for a son-in-law, what with the vicious classism of the time [which persists over there]), so I won't unless I find more evidence to go on.

- At least 41 David Greigs were baptized in Scotland /b/ 1731 and 1761, 4 in Midlothian/Edinburgh, 3 in St. Cuthbert's in 1736 (39 in 1775), 1745 and 1751 (24 in '75), and 1 in "Edinburgh" (the High st.?) in 1734 (41 in '75). The latter 2 in St. Cuthbert's were both sired by Robert Greig, a "Shoemaker in [the] Pleasants" in 1751 (a "Cordiner" in 1743 [a name for cobblers in Edinburgh who worked with leather imported from Cordoba]), and Grissell/Grizell FORBES, who married in 1742 at St. Cuthbert's and sired 8 kids /b/ 1743 and 1761. (I assume their elder son David passed away.) IF David Greig of 'Bell's Mills Steps' was born in Midlothian and if the record for his baptism is extant, the son of Robert Greig and Grizell Forbes appears to be a match.

- Isobella Russell was the "Daughter of James Russell weaver there" (at 'Bell's Mill steps'). 19 baptism records are extant for an Isabel/Isobel/etc. Russel/Russell sired by a James, 3 in Midlothian, 2 in Edinburgh, incl. one from 1753 for an Isobell who appears to be a match, the daughter of "James Russell weaver in Waters of Leiths and spouse Elisabeth YOUNG ... witness John & George Young weavers @ Dean haugh". James and Elisabeth's unusually informative marriage record of 1751 reveals that James married the boss's niece or cousin. He was a "Weaver Servant [apprentice?] to George Young, Water of Leith ..." Isobell was one of 9 siblings baptized at "Bells Milns", the "Waters of Leith", "@ Dean", St. Cuthbert's, Edinburgh /b/ 1751 and 1770.

- At least 4 infants named Robert Greg, no Greigs (although two had siblings named Greig) were baptized in Midlothian /b/ 1697 and 1727, all in Edinburgh, 1 in 1711 in Leith South (near the docks; sired by Thomas Greg/Greig and Rachel Reekie), 2 in 1719 and 1723 in Liberton (a few miles south of 'the Pleasance'; their fathers married as "Gregg"), and 1 in "Edinburgh" in 1726. At least 11 Robert Greigs and 1 Greige were baptized in Scotland /b/ 1697 and 1727, 6 in Fife, 5 in neighbouring co.s and 1 near the village of 'Unthank' in Aberdeenshire. Per their marriage record of 1742, "Robert ... [was] in Pleasants" and "Grissell ... daughter to Alex.r Forbes in Berwick, now in this parish." Again, after a move Grissell/Grizell was "now in [the] parish", while Robert was "in Pleasants", which seems to imply by omission that he was born and raised in Edinburgh (but maybe not). "Thomas Greig Weaver" was a frequent witness at the baptisms of Robert and Grissell's kids, and Thomas Greg/Gregg and Rachel REEKIE (nope, not the most glamourous of surnames) also sired a Thomas Greig in 1720. His brother Robert is the sole candidate of the 16 (4 + 12) in extant baptism records to have a brother named Thomas. Per the baptism record of his youngest brother in 1722, his father Thomas was a "Weaver in Pleasants". In light of these points and as 2 of his siblings were baptized as Greigs, it appears that this Robert, the son of Thomas Greg/Greig and Rachel Reeky/Reekie, baptized in 1711, married Grissell Forbes in 1742 and sired David Greig, cordiner in the "Pleasants", in 1743.

- Only 1 record is extant for the baptism of a Grissell/Grizell/Grissil sired by an Alexander Forbes in Scotland /b/ 1690 and 1730, in Wemyss, Fife, but none in Berwick (the city of 'North Berwick' of Berwick witch-trials [1590] infamy? youtu.be/ZtNu6Xfv6fo?si=ezccBHX6gC3WFos7 ) or Berwickshire, and no record is extant for the marriage of an Alexander Forbes in Berwickshire /b/ 1650 and 1760. "Archbald [sic] son to Alexander Forbes in Wadderlie" (aka Wedderlie, "a prominent estate and house located in the parish of Westruther in the co. of Berwickshire" 40-50 km.s SE of Edinburgh) was baptized in 1717 and might have been a brother or a cousin. Early 18th cent. "records mention an Alexander Forbes who was a doctor of medicine and may have had legal or financial ties to that estate." [Google A.I.]) The reference to Grissell's father in her marriage record might indicate that he was notable, but a medical doctor was highly unlikely to have a cordiner for a son-in-law then, again what with the odious British classism. In any case, either Grissell/Grizell's baptism record is missing or she was sired in 1718 (24 in 1742) by "Alexander Forbes weaver in Mothil hill" (Methilhill, on the banks of the Leven and "suggested to mean "middle church," referring to its position /b/ Markinch and Wemyss" - Google A.I.) and Helen GOODALE in the parish of Wemyss, Fife, a 25-20 km. boat-ride from North Berwick across the mouth of the Forth. That Alexander was a "weaver in Wester Wooms" (Wester Wemyss) and Helen was in Methilhill when they married in Wemyss in 1717. Alexander, Helen and their family could only have sailed for Berwickshire from Fife after the birth of their daughter Janet in 1727 in Kirkcaldy. Grissil had 2 siblings, Janet and Margaret (1721), but no record is extant for the marriage of a Janet or a Margaret Forbes in Berwickshire, nor in Wemyss nor Kirkcaldy, Fife /b/ 1735 and 1777.

- The only record of the baptism of an Alexander Forbes in Wemyss (or anywhere w/in 25 km.s of Wemyss) /b/ 1670 and 1703 was that of the son of Alexander Forbes Sr. and Ewhpem (sic) GARDNER in 1688 (29 in 1717). No marriage record is extant for Alexander Sr. and Ewphem, but baptism records are extant for Alexander Jr.'s sisters Cathren (1683), Katharin (1685 [Cathren must have died in infancy]) and Margaret in 1691.

- 7 baptism records are extant for a Helen/Helene Goodale/Goodaill in Scotland /b/ 1660 and 1703, but only 1 in Fife, in Auchtermuchty, > 20 km.s north of Wemyss, sired in 1665 by an Alexander Goodaill and, coincidentally (?) a Geils RIKIE (see Rachel Reekie/Rikie below), and 6 in Haddingtonshire (East Lothian today). Alexander and Geils/Geilles also sired James in 1661, and Jaine (sic) in Pitmarry, Auchtermuchty parish, in 1664. "Andrew Rikie", a witness at the latter baptism, is noted as Alexander's "brother in law". ("Geilles" is a "Reikie" and Andrew is a "Rikie" in the same entry.) Alexander Goodeall (sic) married Geillis Rikie, "both in [the] parish" of Auchtermuchty, in 1659.

- 30 records are extant for the baptism of an Alexander Forbes in Scotland (many in Aberdeen) /b/ 1630 and 1669, 3 in Fife, but none within 25 clicks of Wemyss. A Euffon Garden was baptized in Longforgan in 1652, Euphin Gardiner sired by a Thomas in 1669 and Ewpham Gardiner sired by a William, both in Errol, Euphem Gardner in Dalkeith in 1660, and a Eupham Gardner in Dundee in 1661, but none w/in 30 km.s of Wemyss. Oh well.

- At least 4 Alexander Goodaills were baptized in Scotland /b/ 1615 and 1645, 1 in Angus, 3 south of the Forth, but none in Fyfe. No baptism record is extant for anyone with a name resembling Geils Rikie/Reikie/etc. /b/ 1600 and 1650, but 11 baptisms were held for infants named Rikie in Scotland /b/ 1628 and 1669, 10 in Fife, incl. 5 in Auchtermuchty /b/ 1650 and '54 sired by Robert Rikie, Andrew Rikie and Christian Smyth, and 3 by Henrie Rikie and Margaret Mair (for what that's worth). youtu.be/5DQHmFx3sHY?si=U6704F4cpuViW3Va

- James Russell was the son of "William Russell weaver there" at 'Water of Leith' per James' marriage record. At least 24 infants named James Russell were sired by William Russells in Scotland /b/ 1710 and 1737, 4 in Midlothian, 2 in Edinburgh, 1. the son of "William Russell poultryman & Marg.t Lennox" of Leith North in 1721, and 2. the son of "William Russell weaver in Lochend and Isabell SHORT" in Leith South in 1730. The latter for the son of a weaver is clearly the best candidate for a match. "In the early 18th cent., Lochend was located in the rural, eastern portion of the parish of South Leith, characterized by the large estate and loch of the same name ... near the village of Restalrig and east of the developing town of Leith." James had two younger brothers, William Jr. (1732) and George (1736).

- When William married Isabell in 1729, she was a "Servant to the Laird of Dirletown", a village and castle in East Lothian, @ 31 km.s east of Edinburgh. The said Laird was then 'William Nisbet, younger of Dirleton', who "resided at Archerfield House, as Dirleton castle [a medieval fortress] had been ruined [by Cromwell] in the 1650 siege". Palatial, Downton-Abbey-esque Archerfield house is pimped out today (like every one of the U.K.'s umpteen estates, etc.) as a wedding venue, luxury resort, etc. youtu.be/qE2JApHwe8s?si=EzOS2UGT-f3juXix

- Elizabeth Young was the "young daughter [of] Andrew Young shoemaker in Edinburgh" per her marriage record. At least 8 infants named Elizabeth/Elisabeth Young were sired by an Andrew Young /b/ 1710 and 1737, 2 in Midlothian, 1 in Edinburgh sired by Andrew Young and Jean Nuckle in Cramond (a suburb) in 1727, the 2nd of at least 5 siblings. Andrew's profession is omitted on all 5 records as well as on the record of his marriage in 1719 to Jean Nuccoll "in the parish of Alloa". Cramond's at the outskirts of greater Edinburgh and I'd expect Elizabeth's marriage record to specify that Andrew was from there if he was. (It's lovely, I visited my great Ena there in '85 and toured the low ruins of Roman walls.) I think it's more likely her baptism record isn't extant or that her family moved to the city when she was young.

- At least 118 infants named William Russell/Russall/etc. were baptized in Scotland /b/ 1685 and 1715, 12 in Midlothian, 10 in Edinburgh incl. 1 in St. Cuthbert's and 4 in Leith South. 2 good candidates for the husband of Isabell Short and the father of James Russell are 1. a William sired in 1702 by "Ninian Russell woivor [sic, weaver] at Loghend [sic] & Bessie Hall his spouse" and 2. another William sired in 1712 by another "Ninian Russell woivor [sic] in Lochend now abroad & Joan BORTHWICK his spouse.'' Either 2 cousins in Lochend named Ninian, both weavers, have sired 2 more cousins, or Ninian sired a William with his first wife, that child passed away, and he remarried and sired a 2nd William in 1712.

- At least 10 infants named Isabel/Isobell Short were baptized in Scotland /b/ 1690 and 1715, none in Haddingtonshire/East Lothian, and only 1 in Midlothian/Edinburgh, sired by David Short, Tanner, and Barbara HOME/Hoam in 1695. No marriage record is extant for this couple. Isobell was the eldest of 5 siblings.

- At least 3 David Shorts (and one Shortus) were baptized in Scotland /b/ 1651 and 1681, 2 in Midlothian, 1 in Edinburgh sired by a David Short Sr., "marikin dresser" (?) and Issobell (sic) WATT in 1672. (One of the witnesses was a "marikin dresser" too. "Marikin" might derive from maroquin, a type of leather.) David Sr. and Issobell married in Edinburgh in 1667, and David Jr. had 6 siblings (1668 - 1681; David's marikin dressing supported a family of 8).

- Barbara Home was sired by a William Home, merchant, and Catharine DEANS in Edinburgh in 1667. William and Catherine married earlier that year and sired at least 4 kids by 1672. (Witnesses incl. Alexander and David Home in 1672, and George and William Home, merchants, in 1669.)

- At least 1 infant named Katherine/Catharine/etc. Dean/Deans/etc. was baptized in Scotland /b/ 1627 and 1653, Catherine sired by George Deanes, advocat (lawyer) and Barbara CORSER/Corsar/Cossar in Edinburgh in 1641 (25-26 in 1667) and 1 of 12 siblings sired /b/ 1631 and '49. When George married Barbara in 1628, he was a "wreater", Scots for writer, a legal professional, specifically a "writer to the signet".

- At least 7 infants named William Home were baptized in Scotland /b/ 1635 and 1653 (William was a "young merchant" per the baptism of his son Alexander in 1672, so it's a safe bet he was younger than 33 when he married, likely no more than a few years older than his wife), ALL in Duns (!), Berwickshire. "The Home (or Hume) family, specifically the Home of Wedderburn branch, are a ... cadet branch of the Earls of Home, holding the historic seat of Wedderburn Castle near Duns, a 18th-cent. country house, after acquiring the land in the early 15th cent." (Google A.I.) The best candidates, in light of age alone, are a Williame (sic) sired by a William Home and Margaret Drysdell in 1636, William and Jenet Home in 1637, Sir William Home and Jennet Baillyie (sic) in 1641, Robert and Margrat (sic) Home in 1644 and David and Hellin Sinclar (sic) in 1644. The William sired by Sir William and Jennet Baillyie would be the same age as his wife Catherine, for what that's worth.

- At least 1 infant named Barbara Corser/Corsar/etc. was baptized in Scotland /b/ 1580 and 1617, sired in Edinburgh in 1610 by David Corser and Bessie LASOUN. No marriage record is extant for this couple, but they sired at least 7 kids in Edinburgh /b/ 1606 and 1620.

- At least 1 George Dean/Deanes/etc. was baptized in Scotland /b/ 1590 and 1617, sired by Williame (sic) Deanis and Jonet (sic) Reid in 1612, but way up in Aberdeen, and as at least 6 Deanes were baptized in that period in Midlothian (none extant elsewhere), 2 in Pencaitland in East Lothian, and 4 sired by 3 couples in Edinburgh, I'd wager that George the advocat was born south of the Forth.

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- The ONLY extant bapt. record that might be a match for Rachel Reekie/Reeky /b/ 1560 and 1782 is for a Rachel Rikie sired by a Thomas Rikie in "cottowns [cottages] of Forret [hill]", Fife in 1686. She had 4 siblings incl. James Rikie, baptized in 1682. A James Reekie was a witness at a baptism of Thomas and Rachel's son Thomas Jr. in 1720 (the only Reekie who attended as a witness; no Gregs/Greigs).

- A Thomas Reikie (the only candidate for Rachel's father Thomas Rikie in marriage records) married Beatrix PATERSONE in Logie in 1660. A Thomas Reikie (the only candidate in Scotland), son of Thomas Reikie Sr., was baptized in Dysart in southern Fife in 1645. (The writing in these records resembles Arabic or the contents of some forbidding grimoire. Paper must have been very precious then.)

- My grandmother mentioned more than once that Edinburgh had been known as "Auld Reekie" (common knowledge today) for something of a stench in the unhygienic closes along the High st., and that residents would shout "Gardy loo!" (from the French "Gardez l'eau") as they'd pour their buckets of excrement, etc. out the windows in their closes. What would she say if I told her that her great x 5 grandmother (my great x 7 [!]; her Mom's Dad's Dad's Dad's Dad's Mom) might have been named Reekie (or Reikie/Reeky/etc.) herself? Per Google A.I., the surname "is of Scottish origin, primarily originating in Fife and Aberdeenshire as a habitational name or a diminutive of "Rickard" (a form of Richard). It likely derives from the Older Scots name Ricky or Reky, or references geographical locations like Reekie Linn. Historically, it is associated with smoky, foggy areas, possibly linked to the nickname for Edinburgh, "Auld Reekie"."

- "Thomas Greg" had been a "Serv.t [apprentice] to John Ochiltree weaver Burges of Eye" and "Rachel Reekie [was a] serv.t to Widow Stewart in Pleasants" when they married in June, 1708. They sired 6 kids /b/ 1711-1722, 1 in 'Caltoun', 2 at or near St. Ninian's chapel (both in Leith South), etc. and the youngest in 'Pleasants' south of the High st. Again the best (and only) candidate for his wife Rachel was born in 1686 (22 in 1708). I doubt that Thomas could have been > 3 yr.s younger than his wife, nor more than 10 years older. At least 10 infants named Thomas Greg/Grege/Gregg/Greig were baptized in Scotland /b/ 1676 and 1689, 5 in Midlothian, 4 in Edinburgh and 1 in Fife. The most interesting could be the son sired in 1688 by David Greig and Agnes Ballingall in "Carslogie ground", Monimail parish, Fife (the only one from Fife), "just west of Cupar", only @ 6 km.s SW of Forret hill, the home of Rachel Rikie, who was only 2 yr.s his senior and, again, the only candidate in extant records for Robert Greg's mother. A country road named "Main st." leads @ 4 km.s straight up across farmland from just north of Cupar to Forret hill. Is that too coincidental to be coincidental? But note that Robert Greg's parents married in St. Cuthbert's. At least 1 Thomas Greig was sired in St. Cuthbert's by a Thomas Greig Sr. and Margaret Watt, both "in [that] parish" when they married and who sired 2 kids in "Birsto [sic]", "the area known as the Bristo Port (gate), ... /b/ ... Grassmarket/Lauriston to the west and Nicolson St./Potterrow to the east". Nicolson st. is < 200 m.s west of Pleasance.

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Again, I don't assume David knew his year of birth, but the 2-3 year gap and the fact that this candidate Robert was a weaver, not a cobbler (David was already a "Shoemaker" by the age of 16 or 17) weighs against him. Then again, I note that my great x 3 grandfather named his eldest son Robert, and that this candidate, Robert, was the son of a David.

- One of the 5 David Greigs I mentioned, the son of William Greig and Jane Adamson, was born in 1810 in "Jack's Land" in the 'Northback of Canongate', which again is where my great x 3 grandfather David and his family were living in 1841. So I wondered if William might be a relative, but I've researched his tree and haven't found any connection. It's a shame. I find the history of the Greig sept of the MacGregor clan interesting.

MENZIES (More below)

- Great great granddad's father-in-law (Mom's Mom's Mom's Mom's Dad), Archibald Menzies, was baptized in the city of Perth @ 20 yr.s earlier, but in 'the Gaelic chapel' built in 1787, which served Highlander immigrants to the city until the mid-19th-cent. Services were conducted in Gaelic there. (Archibald's mother hailed from a coastal town on the Firth of Moray not far east of Inverness [see below], and his father hailed from a gaelophone region in Perthshire, quite possibly in or @ Weem or Dull in north Perthshire.) The bldg.'s been the venue for a succession of night-clubs much more recently ('Electric Whispers' and 'ZOO Nightclub'), but was demolished in 2016. www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/perths-zoo-nightclub-to...

MARSHALL/MARSHAL - CHALMERS (and RORY/ROREY) - CAMERON

- My grandmother and both of her parents were born and raised in Edinburgh, but again 2 of her grandparents, her Dad's folks George McLaren Jr. and Helen/Ellen Marshall, were born in Perthshire. Her Dad's Mom's folks, Joseph Marshall/Marshal and Margaret Chalmers, were married in Auchtergaven aka Bankfoot, a town north of Perth (Margaret's hometown) and lived as newlyweds in Methven, a town only 6-8 clicks west of Perth (Joseph's hometown evidently) in the mid-1820s, but were back living in Bankfoot 15 yr.s later. youtu.be/1S30LCwC6GY?si=WlB0G9vi1xpvINCC While Margaret was raised in that town, she was born in Ireland to a James Chalmers and an Agnes Cameron, and was 3 or 4 years of age when her young family moved to Bankfoot in 1802 or 1803. But an extant baptismal record for a James sired by a David Chalmers (from Bankfoot) and a Margaret Rorey/Rory (from 'Little Dunkeld' youtube.com/shorts/lF9_mipSUVg?si=rvvPQt2hb234gBIE where Niel Gow is buried www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GEcRirHlqE&list=RD3GEcRirHlq... ) in 1771 in Bankfoot (specifically 'Coltrannie', the site of a farm on the outskirts of town and of a tower named Coldrayny or Koldrayny in the 16th cent. www.stravaiging.com/history/castle/coltrannie/ ) seems to be a match for her father. (It's an exact match for his age per his tombstone; he named his first son David; and Chalmers were in abundance in Bankfoot in the 1770s, incl. another James born in 1775. I haven't found any Chalmers in the Irish records, but which are as patchy as they are following the fire in the archives in Dublin in 1922. [Baptisms and marriages of Presbyterians were only recognized in Ireland if performed by a minister of the 'Church of Ireland' until as late as the mid-19th cent. - !] "There were 81 with [that] surname in Ireland in 1911" according to barrygriffin.com.) If the baptismal record's a match (and I think it is), James had travelled to Ireland (to find work? or a wife? see below) where he likely met and married great x 4 grandma Agnes Cameron, sired Margaret and 2 of her sisters there, and then moved his family back to his home in Bankfoot where he and Agnes sired 9 more kids. Cameron is a Scots surname ("There were 860 with [that] surname in Ireland in 1911" per barrygriffin.com), Margaret's parents were Presbyterian and skilled workers in the linen-weaving industry, which in Ireland in @ 1800 was based in 3 co.s in Ulster, Scots-Irish 'plantation country', and 2 contiguous co.s to the south and west, and so it's likely the young Chalmers family were living in Co. Antrim or Down before they moved to Bankfoot. It follows that if Agnes Cameron was Irish, and again it's likely she was, she was almost certainly 'Scots-Irish'.

- My grandmother said that her paternal grandmother Helen/Ellen Marshall was Irish in response to questions and in a tone of admission in a discussion at the table with my Mom in our home in the late 80s. She said her mother "didn't like her mother-in-law because she was Irish", to paraphrase. (She didn't say much about the Irish in Edinburgh, just enough to give the impression that they had a poor reputation as impoverished people who would beg for $. "Irish immigrants were frequently blamed [in early 20th cent. Scotland] for social problems like overcrowding, disease, crime, and drunkenness, even though these issues stemmed from the poverty and poor housing conditions they were forced to endure." [Google A.I.] I'm very proud of my Irish roots on my Dad's side, myself.) My grandmother was honest (e.g., she was candid about her grandmother's death from a tapeworm infection), and had told this to my Mom years earlier evidently. (Mom said that the Scots and Irish are "really the same people, you know".) But she was wrong on two counts. 1. Again, the records reveal that her grandmother was born and raised in Perthshire; rather, it was HER mother Margaret who was born, but not raised, in Ireland, and it seems it was Margaret's mother Agnes who was Irish or 'Scots-Irish' while, again, Margaret's father James was Scots. If so, my grandmother's tree was 1/16th Irish or 'Scots-Irish'. (It's also possible, but much less likely, that Agnes was Scots and married James somewhere in Scotland [she didn't hail from Bankfoot] before moving with him to Ireland to start their young family. James would've done well to travel to Ulster to look for a wife where he would've been a catch in the 1790s for any young Scots-Irish woman with an interest in emigrating. The Scots-Irish experienced economic hardship then, and Presbyterians were subject to religious discrimination in Ulster [c/o the 'Popery Act' of 1704], but not in Scotland [of course].) And 2. Her mother wouldn't have known her mother-in-law in any event as all my grandmother's grandparents had died before her parents were married. The kernel of truth in this might be that my grandmother heard her mother tease her father or gossip about his mother's Irish roots without knowing much about them, or my grandmother might have misapprehended her mother's information. My Uncle Mac believed that the McLaren clan was Gaelic in origin (i.e. from Dal Riata, SW Scotland and considered [then] to have 6th cent. roots in Ireland), while the MacGregors had (the more indigenous) Pictish roots, which might've been a point of pride for my great grandmother, whether or not it's true. And it's common for a parent to promote a sense of pride in their own heritage relative to that of their spouse in the ongoing competition for filial love, which we might consider to be a mild form of 'parental alienation' today (if that's not being unkind to my great grandmother). It's likely my great grandmother would've heard of her husband's great grandmother Agnes Cameron, for his mother Ellen, Agnes' granddaughter, had been taken in by her by the age of 12 and was living with her and 3 of her own daughters in Bankfoot while Agnes was a widow of 60 and continued to work as a 'Linen yard wind', and while Ellen's 2 elder and 4 younger siblings continued to live with her parents (which raises questions). I wonder if Agnes and her daughters (25, 20 and 20) might've been better able to support Ellen than Ellen's parents, whose hands were full with their 6 other kids. But Ellen was working as a 'Linen yard wind' then too (at 12!). Hmmm. I strongly suspect that my great aunt Agnes, my grandmother's eldest sister, was named after her father's hospitable Scots-Irish great grandmother. All the puzzle-pieces fit if so. (Btw, I think it was in that same discussion at the table that my grandmother recalled seeing Chinese women with their tiny bound feet down at the docks in Leith when she was a girl.)

- Great x 3 grandma Margaret's (much) younger sister Helen's middle name was Wyllie, for James Wylie I think who inherited the Airleywright Estate in Auchtergaven in 1806, "created feus in the villages of Bankfoot and Waterloo and offered them to [those farmers or crofters] dispossessed" by his clearances. He was probably the family's landlord. roysofauchtergaven.blogspot.com/ His son Thomas Wylie developed the 'Airleywright Linen Works' in @ 1840 at 'Graham court' in Bankfoot, a town known for its textiles heritage and its once-thriving artisan sector in which this family seems to have prospered. They lived in the 'Airleywright' neighbourhood for a time where, again, Margaret and her mother Agnes worked in the mill as 'Linen yard winds'. The Chalmers erected a large family tombstone in the kirkyard at Bankfoot (covered in 19 names over 3 or 4 generations), the only one I know of that remains standing in Scotland for any of my ancestors outside Edinburgh.

- Again it's evident that my great x 3 granddad Joseph Marshall/Marshal (Mom's Mom's Dad's Mom's Dad), a stone-mason, hailed from Perthshire too. The only candidate extant for his baptism in Perthshire's records took place for the son of a James Marshal "at Ardetie" (Ardittie per Google A.I.) in 1792 in the Parish of Methven (the site of 'the Battle of Methven' in 1306 at which Robert the Bruce was ambushed youtu.be/bhwlPToqQ_4?si=nKVNwCs4IoogVkMC youtu.be/xeM_yn7JzJc?si=38MdXIyYKEWdIhPt ), @ 3 clicks NW of Methven as the crow flies, just south of the River Almond maps.nls.uk/view/216587020 , and where he and Margaret sired 2 kids as newlyweds in the 1820s. When their eldest child, Robert, was baptized, Joseph was at or of the "Lint Mill Ardittie" (so it's an excellent bet that the baptismal record for Joseph "at Ardetie" is a match for my great x 3 grandfather). The only candidate for a James Marshall baptized in Methven parish /b/ 1735 and 1777 per extant records was sired by a James Sr. in 1770 in Cloag. ("Cloag Farm Cottages [tourist accommodations] lie just north of the village of Methven" today. www.insiderscotland.com/cloag-farm-cottages-perth/ ) The only marriage record extant for a James Marshal/Marshall in Methven before 1792 is to a Janet Alison in 1778 (although no baptism records are extant in that parish for candidates for other children sired by that couple before 1804 - ?).

McLAREN and PEDDIE (and possibly NICOL / NICOLSONE)

Update - Jan. '26: I've made quite a discovery (I think) and have a tale to tell. I'll rewrite and delete much of the lengthy write-up that follows as a result /b/ this sentence and the paragraph under the heading 'Whittet - Mackie" in caps.:

- The name Clunie or Cluny, that of a town in Perthshire (sp. Clunie), and which appears at points along both the Tay (sp. Cluny) and Tummel rivers, features in my family history as my great uncle Mac maintained that his grandfather George McLaren, a tanner, 'machine beltmaker', and allegedly the manager of a tannery in Edinburgh, was the son of "the miller of Clunie", who moved to the nation's capital as a young man in the 1840s or '50s to find work. I spent (only) a day in the archives in Edinburgh this trip (a few days after I took this photo) to research my grandmother's Scots roots, but focused on my great grandmother's side of my tree (since proven to be more opaque than my great grandfather's). I succumbed to the temptation to dive down the online genealogy-research rabbit-hole some years ago and quickly found my great grandfather's official death record dating from Feb., 1889, and a census record and official birth records for some of his kids which indicate that he was born in 1827 or '28 in the parish of Logierait, rather than Clunie. His death record indicates that he passed away at age 61 at his home at '18 the Pleasance', Edinburgh, that he was a "Machine Beltmaker", the son of 'George McLaren [Sr.]', "Farm servant" and 'Jane Graham', and, incorrectly, the spouse of 'Helen Robertson'. (Again, my great great grandmother's name was 'Helen Marshall'.) She passed away at the same address > 3 1/2 years later at the age of 63. Their son-in-law David Currie signed both death records as "Informant" (with the same signature), ample proof that the former record pertains to my great great grandfather notwithstanding the error. But the error brings the accuracy of the names listed for George's parents into some question. I now consider it to be a red flag.

- It's possible (if unlikely) that David Currie forgot his mother-in-law's maiden surname and made it up at the time the record was prepared (esp. if he would've been required to return home to make embarrassing inquiries, and then return to the office to make a second report), and, if so, it's unlikely he knew the names of George's folks. (In that case, he took pains to be informed when he reattended for his mother-in-law in 1892, whose record is accurate.) Did the clerk or official get his records mixed up when entering info., or was he due down at the pub and took liberties seeing as no-one checks these things anyway (apart from a descendant 136 yr.s later)? Noting that the name 'Helen' is correct, I thought it's more likely that the clerk or official made only one error with the one surname, but I've spent much time and treasure in a fruitless search for any other record that links any candidate for a George Sr. to a Jane or Janet Graham, and for any re my great great grandfather that predates 1853 (his marriage record). I've found no baptism record for George or any siblings, NO census records (which isn't unusual, many records didn't survive) ... UNLESS my great great grandfather was sired in 1827 in Logierait parish (again per the 1881 census and his childrens' bapt. records) by parents with different names than those indicated on his death record, who lived in Edradynate, which I've just learned (in Jan. '26) was the location of a place once named the "Miltown of Cluny" (! Bingo? - see below). I thought I'd research this mysterious George McLaren of Edradynate, who would've generated immediate interest if not for the death record, and the results, impressively coincidental details or much consistent evidence, have led to a course correction. (I'll preserve an edited [abbreviated] review of the relatively slight evidence and the leads I found and followed at length re any George Sr. and Jane/Janet Graham further below.):

- George McLaren was a relatively rare name in Scotland in the 1820s, with only 2 Georges baptized /b/ 1825 and 1831 in extant records (although 7 born in that period appear in the census of 1851, see below [I expect Scots to prefer almost any name for a boy over George, see my write-up for the photo of the Dicks in Clunie]), and only 1 in Perthshire (or 2, incl. a MAC-Laren in Dull [see the next paragraph below) which, again, dates to 1827 in Logierait parish - a "Farmer" and the son of a Charles McLaren in "Balinald of Edradyanate" and "his own [former] servant maid Christian Peddie [per their marriage record of 1822], daughter to a Donald Peddie in Smithy Haugh near the Bridge of Almond", likely the ancient, single-arch bridge at Millhaugh, still standing today in or next to Ardittie (coincidentally the home of Joseph Marshall, see above). An old map on "The McKercher Index" online reveals that Edradynate ('Eadar Dhà Dhoimhnid', "Between two deep places") once included the "Miltown of Cluny" by a stream or creek (SE and across a field from the Derculich burn, parallel) which descends to the Tay from a site just a few 100 m.s NW of it, that of the 'Beinn Eagagach Hydro Scheme' today (per Google maps). www.mckercher.org/Places?locale=Weem#:~:text=Farms%20nort... The "'Miltown of Cluny' ... is a small place name or settlement located within the Edradynate Estate area, near the village of Strathtay [see below] ... likely historically associated with a mill." (Google A.I.) The map in the link also reveals a site named 'Balnald' 200-300 m.s, a hop, skip and a jump, NW of the "Miltown". The 'Cluny House Gardens' nearby is a tourist attraction today. Charles and his family moved @ 10 clicks east to a croft in Killechangie sometime /b/ 1827 and 1832.

- Again, 7 George McLarens born /b/ 1825 and 1831 (no MACLarens) are accounted for across Scotland in the 1851 census, 4 in Perthshire, but the only potential match for my great great grandfather (per the census) is a 23 yr. old 'Ag Lab Ploughman' who hailed from Logierait, living in a bothy and working on a farm in East Dowald, Crieff for an Alexander McLaren, 47 going on 48, a farmer of 133 acres "emp [employing] 5 lab", living with his wife (35), sister-in-law, his 4 children and 2 servants, all (except the eldest servant) born in Logierait parish, incl. the 3 yr. old. I assume that Alexander was this George's relatively wealthy cousin although I haven't found a connection in the records. For what it might be worth Alexander and his wife lived in the 'Brae of Pitcastle', Strathtay (Logierait parish) when their children were born, @ 2 km.s downriver and NE of Edradynate. (Logierait parish is @ 61 square miles in area.) Alexander was born in 1803 in "Dalnesudaren" (?) to John McLaren and Elizabeth Scott, who were close in age per a census and married in Logierait in 1802. Elizabeth passed away a widow at 76 in 1857 in the "Milton of Pitcastle".

- My grandmother once mentioned that surnames with the prefix 'Mc' were of ancient Irish (i.e. Gaelic) descent, while Macs were Scots (i.e. Pictish?). I've read this is untrue, but I wonder if it might apply to some degree to McLarens and MacLarens. I note an almost surprising consistency in the spelling of the surname in the records and wonder if this coincides with some debate re the origins of the clan, either with the 13th cent. abbot of Actow in Balquhidder (the clan seat), or with Lorn, son of Erc, in Argyll in 503. My great uncle and his son Jim, who named his home in Charsfield, Suffolk 'Dalriada', were firmly in the latter camp. www.flickr.com/photos/97924400@N00/9601774507 Another rabbit-hole for later.

- At least 8 Charles McLarens were baptized in Perthshire /b/ 1766 and 1812, 3 in Logierait in the 1790s. (McLarens were in abundance in the parish then.) Generations of farmers tend to stay put, but none of the 3 were in Edradynate. 1 was sired by Duncan McLaren and Margaret Ramsay (from 'Little Dunkeld') "in [a] Croft of Pitcastle" (the closest of the 3 in proximity) in 1791; the 2nd by Donald McLaren (of Dowally) and Elspeth Butter (from 'Balnamuire' or 'Little Dunkeld' [?]) in "the Tom [hillock or knoll] of Kilmorich" (1 1/2 clicks SE of the Tummel-Tay confluence) in 1794, whose brother was born in the "Milntown of Pitnacree" (@ 2 km.s east of Pitcastle); and the 3rd by Charles McLaren Sr. and 'Emly' Campbell (sic, Emilia, a former "servant to Cap. Grant of Kinnaird" per her marriage record, 1794) in the "Milntown of Pitnacree" in 1796. (Pitnacree is best known today for an eponymous fiddle tune, 'The Pitnacree Ferryman'.: youtu.be/aiFWk4OYzNA?si=UgYcf9GPKOxryAgq ) Charles Sr. was "AT the Miln of Pitnacree" (emphasis added) per his marriage record and another baptismal record. A Miln? I asked Google A.I. "Is miln an old word for mill?" Answer: Why "Yes, miln (often spelled milne or myln) is an old term for a mill. It derives from Old English (mylen) and is frequently found in Middle English, particularly in Scottish contexts, to describe a [mill]." (Here's a site re a derelict, 19th cent. mill in Pitnacree.: www.buildingsatrisk.org.uk/details/905537 )

- More re the roots of the 3 Charles: 1. the best candidate for Duncan McLaren of Pitcastle (the only Duncan baptized in Logierait /b/ 1735 and 1764) is the son of Robert McLaren and Janet McLaren in "Wester Aberfeldie", born in 1755. 2. Donald (of Dowally) was sired by Patrick McLaren and Isoball/Isball Fleeming in 1760 in the "Mains [Scots for domain] of Killmorich". 3. At least 5 Charles McLarens were baptized in Perthshire /b/ 1750 and 1780, but only 1 in Logierait in 1765, the son of Alexander McLaren (in Logierait) and Kathrine McDonald (in Weem parish [Menzies territory], where newlywed couples are recorded in the registry as "booked & c.". Lol). The family lived for a spell @ 1770 at "the Miln of Balyoukan" (Ballyoukan today, on the A9, 5 km.s NW of Logierait). While I believe that one of the 3 Charles born in Logierait in the 1790s settled at Edradynate where he sired a George McLaren in 1827 (if the relevant record is extant), I can't (yet) say which.

- The 'miltown of Cluny' at Edradynate and the 'milntown of Pitnacree' are tiny places. It's likely that any adult male inhabitant of the mil/miln-towns worked at the mill, and men who work at mills are often referred to as millers. Charles of the 'Balinald of Edradynate' was a "farmer" who lived @ 200 m.s from an active mill, but a miller can farm and a farmer can mill (e.g. a man named Robertson was a "Meal miller and farmer" in 'Milton of Pitcastle' in 1858 per the death record of his wife Catherine McLaren), the moreso if he was raised "at [a] miln" or in a small "milntown".

- In any event, the coincidence that my great Uncle Mac claimed that his grandfather was the son of the 'Miller of Cluny', and that the ONLY candidate in extant baptism and census records for someone born in Logierait parish of his age and with his name is the son of a man who lived @ 200-300 m.s from a mill in a "Miltown of Cluny" (and again that I've found no trace of a George McLaren sired by a George Sr. and a Jane/Janet Graham per his death record), leads me to believe that I've just found my great great grandfather George McLaren in the records, the son of Charles McLaren and Christian Peddie of Edradynate, Logierait parish. This is encouraging and could be something of a vindication of my great uncle Mac and his father and grandfather, as I've assumed for some years now that one of them had conflated the fact that George was raised near the site of a mill (at the confluence of the Tay and Tummel in Logierait) with his father's trade or profession (although the reference to Logierait in the records is to the parish, not the village), or that someone improved on the facts, elevating George's father from a "Farm servant" (per George's death record) to a less-lowly miller. (I shouldn't speculate that the profession of miller is any more prestigious than that of "farm servant" or "ag. lab.", but that might help to explain the disconnect if so. But again Charles is a "Farmer" per his marriage record.) Accuracy and honesty seem to have prevailed over the generations after all. That said, I wonder if Mac might have made a mistake on another point. He recounted that his grandfather George was the manager of a tannery in Edinburgh in which there was a fire, that George became wet while dousing the flames, suffered exposure and soon died of pneumonia. His death record however specifies that he died at 61 of "pulmonalis". Coincidentally (or not?) George's son's father-in-law, Robert Greig (Mac's other grandfather), a "boot-closer" (who worked in a factory or workshop I assume), died at @ age 58 of "acute pneumonia" in 1887. (All four of my grandmother's parents died fairly young, before her parents married.)

- Again, Christian Peddie was Charles McLaren's "own servant maid, being Daughter to Donald Peddie in Smithy Haugh [Millhaugh I think] near the Bridge of Almond" when Charles proposed in 1822 according to their unusually informative marriage record. Of 12 records extant for the baptism of a Christian Peddie/Peddy/Pedy in Scotland /b/ 1775 and 1808 none were for the daughter of a Donald. One sired in 1805 by a "Joseph Pedy" of 'Bridge-end' in the parish of Methven (which includes Millhaugh) and Isobel Allen of Moneydie (per their marriage record of 1802) is likely a cousin. (Sadly, she died in 1883 in a "poorhouse" in Forfar.) But the official death record for "Christina McLaren, widow of Charles McLaren, Farmer" who died at "52" (nope, 57 per the more reliable census of 1861 [Christian would've married at 12 otherwise]) of "apoplexy" (stroke) at 25 Newhall st., Bridgeton, Glasgow in 1862, lists her parents as James Peddie, "Brewery Labourer" and Janet, M.S. "unknown". The informant, her daughter Helen, was working as a "dress maker" the year before at age 24 while living with "Christina", 56, a widow, "formerly [a] Dairymaid" and Helen's sister Jane, 32 and Jane's husband James Cameron, "Block cutter", at 8 Scott st., Calton parish, Glasgow. Helen's and Jane's place of birth is listed as Logierait and Christina's is "Tippermuir", Perthshire (Tibbermore today, @ 3 clicks SE of Methven, site of the Battle of Tippermuir in 1644). Both the death record and the census seem to be a match for George McLaren of Edradynate's mother and sister Helen as Charles and Christian sired a Helen in May, 1835 (in a "Croft of Killechangie"). (No bapt. record is extant for a sister Jane born in 1828-'29 [although records are extant for 6 siblings], but Jane's marriage record confirms that her parents were Charles McLaren and Christina Peddie.)

- A James Peddie and a Janet Peddie (her M.S.), "both in [the] parish" of Moneydie, married in 1785 and sired at least 6 kids /b/ 1787 and 1801 in Tullymoran (in the parish of Logiealmond today), only a km. or 2 west of Millhaugh according to mapcarta.com. (!): mapcarta.com/W371751390?__cf_chl_tk=CiHStq3onl___I0ncn2de... They're the best candidates in extant records for Christian's parents, although Tullymoran (and Millhaugh) are @ 7-8 km.s NW of Tibbermore, and 6 baptism records are extant for James and Janet's children (up to 1801) but none for Christian (born in @ 1805), and James is referred to as a "Farmer" in several of those baptism records and in 4 of his childrens' death records, never as a "Brewery labourer" as in Christian's death record. That said, the family might have moved to "Tippermuir" after 1801 (which might explain why Christian's bapt. record is missing) and James or Donald Peddie (whatever name he went by) might have moved back to Millhaugh or Tullymoran before 1822. And if Christian's mother Janet was also a Peddie, that might explain why her M.S. is "unknown" on her death record. ("I dunno, I only ever knew her as 'Grandma Peddie'.") But the proximity of Tullymoran on the Almond river to "the bridge of Almond" is an impressive coincidence, if that's what it is. (It's almost strange that all 4 of the siblings with official death records died single, but had greater longevity than most of my Mom's ancestors, passing away /b/ age 70 and 87.)

- At least 36 baptisms of a James Peddie, Pedie or Peddy were performed /b/ 1740 and 1770 in Scotland, 11 w/in 5 km.s of Tullymoran and Millhaugh. 4 of 6 in Moneydie are the best candidates in light of their proximity to Tullymoran/Millhaugh and their age.: 1. the son of James Peddie Sr. and Margaret Nicol in "Chappel Hill", @ 1.5 km.s NE of the bridge in 1763; 2. the son of William Peddie and Aemilia Wild in Shannoch "near Tullimoran" in 1761 (24 in 1785) (No marriage record is extant for this couple, nor bapt. records for other offspring); and 1 or 2 IN Tullymoran: 3. the son of William Peddie and Jean France, "both in [Moneydie] parish", in 1766 (19 in 1785) in "Tombrandy", in Harrietfield (in or next to Tullymoran) today (this James had 7 siblings, the youngest born in 1786 in "Tombrandy"); and 4. the son of James Peddie Sr. and Janet Robertson "in Tullymorran" in 1760 (25 in 1785). James and Janet were "both in" Moneydie when they married in 1756 and had a 2nd son in Tullymoran in 1762. The James of "Chappel Hill" is an unlikely candidate (see below) which leaves 3 in or near Tullymoran.

- There's no trace of an Aemilia/Emilia/Amilia Wild in the records apart from her son's bapt. record. At least 29 infants named William Peddie/Peddy/Pedie/Pedy were baptized in Scotland /b/ 1715 and 1750, 23 in Perthshire, 11 in Moneydie alone (!). At least 3 infants named Jean France were baptized in Scotland /b/ 1725 and 1750, none in Perthshire, 2 in Clackmannan, 10-15 km.s west of Stirling, both sired by a William France and Janet Angus in 1738 and 1744. (I assume the elder child passed away.) At least 23 infants named James Peddie/Peddy/Pedy were baptized in Scotland /b/ 1715 and 1741, 13 in Perthshire, 4 in Moneydie (all Pedy), 1 in Tibbermore (in 1722) and 1 in Methven (both Peddy). At least 326 Janet Robertson(e)s were baptized in Scotland /b/ 1715 and 1741, 84 in Perthshire, 2 in Moneydie, both in 1727. I won't research the 3 James' trees further as 3's a crowd.

- At least 21 baptisms of a Janet/Jannet Peddie/Peddy/Pedie/Pedy were performed in Scotland between 1741 and 1770, 5 w/in 5 km.s of Tullymoran and Millhaugh, 2 in Moneydie, 3 in Methven. The 4 best candidates are 1: the daughter of James Peddie and Margaret Nicol in "Chappel Hill" in the parish of Moneydie in 1766 (19 in 1785); 2. the daughter of James Peddy in "Busbay" (Busby today), a hamlet just north of Methven, in 1763

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blogged: kitchencounterblog.blogspot.com/2010/09/lemon-layer-cake-...

Lemon Layer Cake

adapted from : smittenkitchen.com/2007/09/layered-lemon-love/

1-2-3-4 Cake

This cake gets its name from its proportion of ingredients: 1 cup butter and milk, 2 cups sugar, 3 cups of flour and 4 eggs, and from cupcakes to layers cakes, as a basic, white cake, it does not fail. Yield: 3 9-inch layers (for the purpose of this cake) or 24 cupcakes (good to know, eh?)

1 cup (2 sticks) butter, at room temperature

2 cups sugar

4 eggs (at room temperature)

3 cups sifted self-rising flour (sift before AND after measuring. Use a spoon to scoop flour into measuring cup)

1 cup milk (at room temperature)

1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract

Preheat oven to 325°F (original recipe was 350). Using an electric mixer, cream butter until fluffy. Add sugar and continue to cream well for 6 to 8 minutes. Add eggs 1 at a time, beating well after each addition. Add flour and milk alternately to creamed mixture, beginning and ending with flour. Add vanilla and continue to beat until just mixed. Divide batter equally among prepared pans. Level batter in each pan by holding pan 3 or 4-inches above counter, then dropping flat onto counter. Do this several times to release air bubbles and assure you of a more level cake. Bake for 25 to 30 minutes or until a tester or toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean (start checking at 15 minutes if you are making cupcakes).

Lemon Curd

Adapted from The Joy of Cooking

From the Joy of Cooking: This makes a sensation filling for sponge rolls or an Angel Food Cake. You can also marble it into a cheesecake.

8 egg yolks

1 1/2 cups sugar

1/4 cup (1/2 stick) butter

3 lemons, zest grated and juiced

Place the ingredients in the double boiler over boiling water. Don’t let top pan touch the water. Cook and stir until mixture begins to gel or thicken ever-so-slightly. Remove from heat and allow to cool. Cover and refrigerate it to thicken. This keeps, refrigerated, for about 1 week.

Cream Cheese Lemon Frosting (from Better Homes and Gardens Cookbook)

6 oz cream cheese (softened)

1 tsp lemon juice

1/2 cup butter softened

4 1/2-3/4 cups sifted powdered sugar

1 tsp lemon zest

Beat cream cheese, lemon juice, and butter until light and fluffy, gradually add 2 cups sifted powdered sugar. Add remaining between 2 1/2 and 2 3/4 cups of powdered sugar and beat until spreading consistency. Add lemon zest and mix.

Lemon Layer Cake Assembly: Add 1 tablespoon of filling to the cake pedestal. Run hands along the side of the cake to remove excess crumbs. Place the cake layers on the pedestal, spreading filling between the layers and on top. Spread the top of the cake with the remaining filling. Frost top and sides of cake with frosting.

Optional, but delicious: press sweetened coconut flakes into the frosting.

Greenbelt Native Plant Center, Staten Island, 2010-05-03

Pollinator Gardens, for Schools and Others, 2015-02-20

Four long rows, 46 flowers in total.

Measures 150 x 36cm.

((Blogged here and here)).

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A party or a #wedding, a #relationship management initiative or a seasonal #corporate #gifting, nothing beats a gorgeous serving of #Celebration’s smooth well-tempered #chocolate, or an attractive plateful of our multi-tier #creamy #cakes or a scrumptious treat of our layered confectioneries. And we take care to make the packages as attractive in looks as their contents are in taste.Our #Celebration #cakes #feature #designs for #baby cakes, #delicious #cupcakes and #baby #shaped #cookies, #cakes for special moments like #anniversaries, #baby #announcements & #festivities like #Christmas etc.

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#Magick #Oven #bakery is started in #Coimbatore on the busy streets of to satisfy our customers with the most #delicious #mouth-#watering #pastries. #Magick #oven established itself with its #uniquely designed mouth #watering #tasty #pastries. We offer many flavors in pastries such as #‘chocolate’, #‘butterscotch’, #‘pineapple’, #‘Strawberry’ and many more with real flavors. We genuinely admit a point that Covai love the #soft, #silky, and #delicious #fresh #cream #layered #pastries. We actually have a fan fall of customers who visits daily for our #freshly #baked variety of #Breads, #customizedcakes, pastries, etc...

#Magick #Oven #pastry #chefs use a combination of culinary ability and #creativity in #baking, #decoration, and flavoring with ingredients. We spend lot of time in baking to get the exact texture, color and taste. Not only the #baking part, we given separate attention for our presentation too. All our products are tasteful and definitely will win your heart with its appearance. We have good inventors in our team too… We are giving quality time for our innovators to give their best. We are so proud that our customers love our innovation and creativity .

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The last few days have been a flurry of activity with building on the river and wet lands. But, in between I have gone to a bunch of new places and back to some of my favorite venues.

Xavier & I love to salsa. So we did a search and wham, we found >Latin Palace Dance Club. Couples were dancing in dressy attire to wonderful salsa music. Wearing a tuxedo without a shirt and me in a short cocktail dress, it so reminded Xavier & me of Miami clubs.

A stopover at Organica to catch the last hour of DJ Qee's set woke us up with a nice psy jolt! So good to hear Qee's dynamic sounds and see old friends.

A brand new club called Fear FM sent me a tp. I got to meet owner/builder Cypher Webb. Beautifully built by Cypher, he was also spinning an awesome set of hardstyle and goth rock. I had a blast there. Cypher is also recruiting DJ's so peeps, give him a shout!

It was so late on Thursday night (Fri morn?) that I just had to stop off and say hi to DJ Xavi at The Cave. Owner Tasty Hax was there, too. I run into her at every party!

Friday afternoon, I got a tp from one of the builders. I ended up at Blackhearts 80's club. I love the funkiness of this club. So simple. It feels like a rock n roll club. Halloween was coming and the Pillsbury Dough Boy showed up! LOL!

Late night, and Xavier & I headed for DJ Nebulae's set at Piranha. Xavi loves this club. He set his JMD Effects hud on and we were in psy heaven. We always have fun at Shad's club!

In between all the craziness, I hit New Berlin's Electro Smog. Gee... I can't seem to get enough of this place. Zap Hax was hosting and DJ djleftydc Denja was spinning a sweet set of tunes.

Another new place I landed upon was Le Ghetto Hype. This is a fun club of alternative and eclectic tunes. Owner DJ Frederick Neberle & partner ARNAUD Mureaux have built a wonderful place to hang.

Off to Divaz Lounge! DJ 8wall Wrigglesworth just sent me a tp! OMG, 8wall is spinning at Divaz.

I met 8wall at Dance Island last year and then over at Nutrie. He spins a very chill set of house and minimal tunes.

But, the highlight of my night was at Old Factory listening to DJ Jeangilles Anthony. This frenchman is an artist. Beautiful industrial noise layered with a hardstyle beat... then transcending into experimental music... psychedelic experimental noise. LOL! and I fell asleep there... just couldn't leave!

Late night on Friday, Xavier and I ended up at DJ Digital Francis' Le Pardis de Digital Nation. It was an after party and Digi was spinning. Xavi & Digi started a "stump me" game. I think Digital was very impressed with Xavier's musical knowledge. They bro-downed the entire night leaving me and DJ Snowkitty dumbfounded... 'cause neither of us knew any of the tunes. LOL! I think Xavier has a new favorite dj now!

My Lovepedals. Eternity, COT50, Balance, Black Beauty Balance (Black Magic case) and Toxic II.

he.kingdomsalvation.org/videos/submit-to-God-s-work-mv.html

שיר משיחי 'אני נכונה להתמסר לעבודת האל' | תודה לאלוהים על שהושיע אותי (שיר קוריאני)

I

הו אלוהים! אני מתחננת שתעשה בי עבודת שיפוט,

שתטהר ושתשנה אותי,

שתאפשר לי להבין את רצונך בכל דבר ועניין ולהישמע לו.

אהבתך העילאית ורצונך מתבטאים כשאתה מושיע אותי.

אהבתך העילאית ורצונך מתבטאים כשאתה מושיע אותי.

II

אומנם אני מרדנית, טבעי מושחת

ואופיי בוגדני,

אך הבנתי שרצונך הוא להושיע את בני האדם.

הלוואי שתציב בפניי עוד ניסיונות וסבל

ותאפשר לי לחזות בידך המכוונת בתוך הסבל הזה, לראות את מעשיך.

III

אומנם אתה בוחן ומזכך אותי,

אך אני יודעת שזו אהבתך.

אני מתחננת שתצייד אותי בהתאם לשיעור קומתי,

כדי שבכל הנסיונות והסבל

אבין את רצונך, לא אבגוד בך ולא אתלונן,

אלא אשמע לך ואשביע את רצונך לחלוטין,

לחלוטין.

הידעתם? מהי משמעות החיים?

האזן עוד שירים על אלוהים: כנסיית האל הכול יכול

Image Source:כנסיית האל הכול יכול

Terms of Use: he.kingdomsalvation.org/disclaimer.html

подбор цвета сайдинга на sotdel.ru/choose_color.html Фасадные #материалы #sotdel подразделяются на 2 категории: материалы для отделки (или ремонта) фасадов зданий и теплоизоляционные материалы для фасадов. Выбор цвета кровли и фасада является одним из наиважнейших эстетических аспектов во внешней отделке дома или коттеджа. Подбор цвета для кровли и сайдинга только кажется легким, но часто, к сожалению, приводит к незапланированным переделкам, так как выбрать правильные сочетания оттенков для своего дома не так легко. В дачных поселках часто царит какофония различных красок, ведь хозяева, желая отличиться, раскрашивают свои дома и коттеджи в самые немыслимые цвета. Любое строение должно быть гармоничным, его составные части должны сочетаться друг с другом. Выбор красок можно доверить специалистам или воспользоваться калькулятором цветов, который предлагают многие сайты. Большое количество строительных материалов для крыши и сайдинга для стен заставляет задуматься и искать рекомендации по выбору цветов. Простейшей моделью перехода цветов является радуга, этот круг из семи цветов, конечно, не представляет всю палитру, но смешиваясь между собой, дают множество оттенков. подбор цвета сайдинга на www.sotdel.ru/choose_color.html www.facebook.com/110372909302943/photos/a.298950240445208...

www.sotdel.ru

Первое тюнинг-ателье по загородным домам - отделка фасадов, кровельные работы. Монтаж сайдинга под ключ. Гарантия 5 лет на монтаж сайдинга

Строительные блоки WOODBE из древесины www.sotdel.ru/stroitelnye-bloki-woodbe.html

Панели ДВП (Древесно Волокнистая Плита) www.sotdel.ru/paneli-dvp-drevesno-voloknistaya-plita/

ПАНЕЛИ KMEW fasadnye-panely.sotdel.ru/

Фартук для кухни (Кухонный фартук) www.sotdel.ru/fartuk-dlya-kuhni.html

Москва ул. Верхние Поля, 48а

пн–пт 09:00–18:00; сб 09:00–15:00

+7 (495) 258-62-08

el.kingdomsalvation.org/videos/stinging-memories-movie.html

Δευτέρα Παρουσία

Ελληνική ταινία | Γνωρίστε ξανά τον Κύριο στην κρίση «Επώδυνες αναμνήσεις»

Ο Φαν Γκουόγι ήταν πρεσβύτερος σε έναν κατ' οίκον ναό στην Κίνα. Κατά τη διάρκεια των πάνω από είκοσι ετών υπηρεσίας, πάντα μιμήθηκε τον Παύλο, εργάστηκε σκληρά και δαπανήθηκε για τον Κύριο με μεγάλο ενθουσιασμό. Επιπλέον πίστευε σθεναρά ότι αναζητώντας την πίστη με αυτό τον τρόπο έκανε το θέλημα του ουράνιου Πατέρα και όταν ο Κύριος θα επέστρεφε, σίγουρα θα τον άρπαζε στη βασιλεία των ουρανών. Όμως, όταν τον βρήκε η σωτηρία του Παντοδύναμου Θεού των εσχάτων ημερών, αυτός προσκολλήθηκε στις αντιλήψεις του. Απέρριψε, εναντιώθηκε και καταδίκασε το έργο του Θεού των εσχάτων ημερών ξανά και ξανά... Αργότερα, μετά από αρκετές συζητήσεις με τους κήρυκες από την Εκκλησία του Παντοδύναμου Θεού, ο Φαν Γκουόγι τελικά αφυπνίζεται από την αλήθεια και κατανοεί πραγματικά τι σημαίνει να πραγματοποιεί το θέλημα του ουράνιου Πατέρα, καθώς και να επιδιώκει την πίστη με τρόπο που θα του επιτρέπει να επιτύχει τη σωτηρία και να εισέλθει στη βασιλεία των ουρανών... Κάθε φορά που σκέφτεται ποιος ήταν στο παρελθόν, οι μνήμες τρυπούν την καρδιά του σαν αγκάθια...

η βασιλεία των ουρανών ταινία

Πηγή εικόνας: Εκκλησία του Παντοδύναμου Θεού

Όροι Χρήσης： el.kingdomsalvation.org/disclaimer.html

Motorola W160

Aamir Khan got body spray painted for Dhoom 3! - www.bolegaindia.com/gossips/Aamir_Khan_got_body_spray_pai...

[crosseye stereograph, see 3D with your right eye on the left image, and left on right.]

Payphone Project

714-778-9210

714-778-9205

714-778-9678 TDD

714-778-9568

714-778-9518

714-778-9313

714-535-9106

Space Mountain Exit

1313 Harbor Blvd.

Anaheim, CA 92802

This bank of Payphones is at the waiting area of the Space Mountain exit, near the Starcade and the ride photo booth. There is always someone nearby during operating hours.

Incoming calls: All of the payphones in this bank will accept incoming calls.

Card reader: All of the payphones in this bank will accept Smart Card and magnetic stripe card payment.

Disabled Access: This payphone provides a Loudness selector.

Also see:

* flickr.com/search/?q=714-778-9210

* payphone.wikia.com/wiki/714-778-9210

* payphone.wikia.com/wiki/714-778-9205

* payphone.wikia.com/wiki/714-778-9678 TDD

* payphone.wikia.com/wiki/714-778-9568

* payphone.wikia.com/wiki/714-778-9518

* payphone.wikia.com/wiki/714-778-9313

* payphone.wikia.com/wiki/714-535-9106

* www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM9MT8_Space_Mountain_Payphon....

dsc08625, 2008:08:08 16:54, 3D, California, Anaheim, Disneyland®, Tomorrowland, Space Mountain, Exit, "Space Mountain Photo Capture", Restroom, Payphones, 714-778-9210, 714-778-9205, 714-778-9678 TDD, 714-778-9568, 714-778-9518, 714-778-9313, 714-535-9106

www.jessytheklchic.com/2014/06/place-5-things-to-expect-a...

www.style-geo.com/chanel-iman-and-karlie-kloss-for-victor...

www.transportheritage.com/find-heritage-locations.html?so...

The sole surviving industrial aerial ropeway in Britain.

Constructor:

Unclassified

Period of construction:

1900 - 1949

Red Wheel plaque:

Yes

Transport Mode:

Rail

Address:

Hanson Brickworks, Claughton, Lancashire, LA2 9JY

Postcode:

LA2 9JY

Nearest Town:

Lancaster

Heritage Centre:

No

Website:

www.heidelbergcement.com/uk/en/hanson/home.htm

Little changed since its construction in 1924, the ropeway is used to bring shale from a quarry on Claughton Moor, approximately a mile and a quarter distant from, and 750 ft above, Hanson Brick Works.

At the quarry, shale is lifted by a front loading shovel and moved up a ramp to be tipped into an initial crusher, and fed into the loading bunker, from which the ropeway buckets are loaded. Having made the journey to the works, the shale is either tipped into dry stock, or loaded into a dump-truck and moved into the stocking area.

The remaining ropeway is one of two, originally constructed to serve the east and west works. That to the west works was taken out of use when that works ceased operation in 1990. The trestles of the former route to the west works remain, although the rope is now gone. Both routes started together at the quarry and radiated out in basically straight lines, to cross the A683 about a quarter of a mile apart. The remaining route has 26 trestles and from the works, initially climbs gently across an open field before climbing more steeply up the wooded valley side. About half way into its journey, the ropeway emerges from the woods to climb more gently across open moorland, before finally following the line of a narrow tributary valley for the last section. A couple of trestles before the top, there is a slight bend to the right to take the route into the top station.

The ropeway is powered by gravity. The extra weight of the loaded buckets pulls the empties back to the loading point. There is a braking system to maintain the correct speed and allow the rope to be brought to a controlled stand when required.

When "on the rope" the buckets are suspended from a hanger, the head of which has two free running wheels, and two clips. The clips sit on top of the rope, to which they are held fast by a combination of gravity and friction between the rope and the clips. As a bucket approaches the top or bottom station, the wheels engage with a rising Bull rail to lift the clips off the rope. The bucket is then free to run along this rail, which allows it to be manually controlled during the loading and unloading processes.

The loading and unloading operations require two men at each end of the ropeway and are achieved in an average time of 20 to 30 seconds.

At the loading point the first operator catches the bucket as it comes off the up rope onto the guide rail and guides it to a stop underneath the loading chute then returns to take the next bucket. The second operator loads the bucket, pushes it around the guide rail then releases it onto the down rope at the correct moment to maintain the desired speed of the moving rope. Typically this is when the previously loaded bucket can be seen to be two trestles into its journey. This maintains the optimum weight distribution between upward moving empty and downward moving filled buckets.

The ropeway generally operates with between 40 and 46 buckets with a round trip for an individual bucket of about 32 minutes. The daily capacity is 250 tonnes.

Contemporary Ceramic Tiles Collection... Inspirational design

Credits:

www.poisongirlssl.com/2013/07/sweet-summer.html

143/365

www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/02/28/us/politics/fact-c...

“I have directed several federal agencies to fight crime and dismantle the criminal cartels that have spread across our nation.”

“True, but they don't do much.

President Trump signed two crime-related executive orders on Feb. 9 that did little of substance. The order on reducing crime essentially just directed the Justice Department to develop a strategy to do so by coordinating with other agencies. The order on combating criminal cartels largely consisted of stating opposition to such groups. It directed the government’s interagency Threat Mitigation Working Group, which has existed since 2011, to review various efforts to battle them and “work to improve” those efforts.” ―Charlie Savage

The last few days have been a flurry of activity with building on the river and wet lands. But, in between I have gone to a bunch of new places and back to some of my favorite venues.

Xavier & I love to salsa. So we did a search and wham, we found >Latin Palace Dance Club. Couples were dancing in dressy attire to wonderful salsa music. Wearing a tuxedo without a shirt and me in a short cocktail dress, it so reminded Xavier & me of Miami clubs.

A stopover at Organica to catch the last hour of DJ Qee's set woke us up with a nice psy jolt! So good to hear Qee's dynamic sounds and see old friends.

A brand new club called Fear FM sent me a tp. I got to meet owner/builder Cypher Webb. Beautifully built by Cypher, he was also spinning an awesome set of hardstyle and goth rock. I had a blast there. Cypher is also recruiting DJ's so peeps, give him a shout!

It was so late on Thursday night (Fri morn?) that I just had to stop off and say hi to DJ Xavi at The Cave. Owner Tasty Hax was there, too. I run into her at every party!

Friday afternoon, I got a tp from one of the builders. I ended up at Blackhearts 80's club. I love the funkiness of this club. So simple. It feels like a rock n roll club. Halloween was coming and the Pillsbury Dough Boy showed up! LOL!

Late night, and Xavier & I headed for DJ Nebulae's set at Piranha. Xavi loves this club. He set his JMD Effects hud on and we were in psy heaven. We always have fun at Shad's club!

In between all the craziness, I hit New Berlin's Electro Smog. Gee... I can't seem to get enough of this place. Zap Hax was hosting and DJ djleftydc Denja was spinning a sweet set of tunes.

Another new place I landed upon was Le Ghetto Hype. This is a fun club of alternative and eclectic tunes. Owner DJ Frederick Neberle & partner ARNAUD Mureaux have built a wonderful place to hang.

Off to Divaz Lounge! DJ 8wall Wrigglesworth just sent me a tp! OMG, 8wall is spinning at Divaz.

I met 8wall at Dance Island last year and then over at Nutrie. He spins a very chill set of house and minimal tunes.

But, the highlight of my night was at Old Factory listening to DJ Jeangilles Anthony. This frenchman is an artist. Beautiful industrial noise layered with a hardstyle beat... then transcending into experimental music... psychedelic experimental noise. LOL! and I fell asleep there... just couldn't leave!

Late night on Friday, Xavier and I ended up at DJ Digital Francis' Le Pardis de Digital Nation. It was an after party and Digi was spinning. Xavi & Digi started a "stump me" game. I think Digital was very impressed with Xavier's musical knowledge. They bro-downed the entire night leaving me and DJ Snowkitty dumbfounded... 'cause neither of us knew any of the tunes. LOL! I think Xavier has a new favorite dj now!

el.kingdomsalvation.org/videos/lives-come-from-God-hymn.html

Ύμνοι

Ύμνος λόγων του Θεού|Οι ζωές όλων των όντων της Πλάσης προέρχονται από τον Θεό | Δοξάζουμε τον Παντοδύναμο του Δημιουργού

Η ζωή που χάρισε στον άνθρωπο ο Θεός δεν τελειώνει,

αδέσμευτη από σάρκα, χρόνο, ή χώρο.

Αυτό είναι το μυστήριο της ζωής, η απόδειξη του δώρου της ζωής απ' τον Θεό.

Οι άνθρωποι μπορεί να πιστέψουν ή όχι ότι η πηγή της ζωής είναι ο Θεός,

αλλά απολαμβάνουν ότι προέρχεται απ' τον Θεό.

Εάν ο Θεός άλλαζε γνώμη κι ανακτούσε όλο τον κόσμο και τη ζωή Του,

τότε όλος ο κόσμος και τα ζωντανά όντα, όλη η πλάση θα χαθεί για πάντα.

Ο Θεός δίνει την ζωή Του για να τροφοδοτεί τα πάντα.

Η δύναμη και η εξουσία Του φέρνουν καλή τάξη,

μια ακατανόητη αλήθεια μαρτυρία της ζωτικής ενέργειας του Θεού.

Τώρα ο Θεός θέλει να σου πει ένα μυστικό:

Το μεγαλείο κι η δύναμη της ζωής Του, βρίσκεται πέρα από τα όρια των πλασμάτων Του.

Έτσι είναι τώρα και για πάντα.

Ο Θεός είναι η ζωοδόχος πηγή όλης της πλάσης σ' όλες τις μορφές της.

Όλα τα ζωντανά όντα ακολουθούν το μονοπάτι που έφτιαξε ο Θεός.

Μέσα από την φροντίδα και πρόβλεψη του Θεού ο άνθρωπος λαμβάνει το δώρο της ζωής,

χωρίς αυτά χάνει την αίσθηση της αξίας και τον σκοπό στην ζωή.

Αν ο άνθρωπος αποτύχει να εκτιμήσει όσα του απονέμει ο Θεός,

ο Θεός, ο Δημιουργός, θα τα πάρει όλα πίσω.

Οι αποζημιώσεις του ανθρώπου θα είναι βαριές για όλα αυτά που ο Θεός έχει δώσει στον άνθρωπο.

από το βιβλίο «Ο Λόγος Ενσαρκώνεται»

Χριστιανικοί Ύμνοι

Πηγή εικόνας: Εκκλησία του Παντοδύναμου Θεού

Όροι Χρήσης： el.kingdomsalvation.org/disclaimer.html

OOAK repainted 17" fashion Deva Homme: www.ebay.co.uk/sch/markandmu/m.html?item=201343312308&...

I am an expert HTML email designer and developer, 10+ years experience, as an expert template developer myself, I know how important it is to have a great looking HTML mail template for a successful Constant Contact email marketing campaign.

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Hope you know 70%+ email read from mobile device, so I will make template responsive/mobile optimized to fit in all screen size like mobile, tablet, iPhone, iPad etc. template will be related to your brand color and there, light weight & spam free template.

I will provide you fully hand coded, table & inline CSS based html template, created followed by e-mail client’s standard. No copy past work, light weight & faster loading, same look & feel in all email clients, browsers and devices, High open & click rated HTML e-mail.

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Believed to be in Public Domain From Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Collections. More on copyright: What does "no known restrictions" mean?

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For information from Creative Commons on proper licensing for images believed to already be in the public domain please-- click here. By using this image from this site, you are acknowledging that you have read all the information in this description and accept responsibility for any use by you or your representatives. You are accepting responsibility for conducting any additional due diligence that may be necessary to ensure your proper use of this image.

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Based on information from the source, this image is believe to be in the public domain. It is up to the user to make their own determination. Additional information is provided below, usually the entire online file, to assist you in doing so. Public domain images SHOULD NOT BE ATTRIBUTED TO PINGNEWS. Please attribute the repository and the originator. If you can add "via pingnews" or a link back to this site it is appreciated. While it may appear with this image, the attribution license does not apply to pingnews in this instance as we are neither the creator of nor the archive for this work.

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TITLE: Palestine, Nazareth, a carpenter of Nazareth

CALL NUMBER: LOT 13549-12, no. 1 [P&P]

Check for an online group record (may link to related items)

REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-DIG-ppmsca-03896 (digital file from original)

No known restrictions on publication. No renewal in Copyright office.

SUMMARY: Man sawing lumber next to building.

MEDIUM: 1 photographic print.

CREATED/PUBLISHED: c1904 Feb. 10.

CREATOR:

Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920, photographer.

NOTES:

H42014 U.S. Copyright Office.

Title from item.

No. 22713.

SUBJECTS:

Carpentry--Israel--Nazareth--1900-1910.

FORMAT:

Photographic prints 1900-1910.

REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA

DIGITAL ID: (original) ppmsca 03896 hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.03896

CARD #: 2004665005

www.politico.com/news/stories/0611/56941.html

A 'kitchen sink solution' on jobs

By: Chris Frates

June 15, 2011

The center-left Washington think tank Third Way is holding a forum Wednesday to discuss the merits of allowing companies to bring the $1 trillion in profits parked overseas back to the United States at a temporarily reduced tax rate.

The morning forum at Union Station will include Sen. Kay Hagan (D-N.C.); Democratic Reps. Loretta Sanchez of California and Jared Polis of Colorado; former Service Employees International Union President Andy Stern; Duke Energy chief executive Jim Rogers; and George Schink, managing director of Navigant Economics.

Third Way’s vice president of communications, Sean Gibbons, said the forum is designed to determine whether the idea — which is anathema to many liberals — is a viable option for jump-starting U.S. job growth.

“We have unemployment near 9 percent. We’ve basically pulled every single lever we can as a government. … We’ve done almost everything we can to get the economy going. It’s time to throw in the kitchen sink. This is a kitchen sink solution,” Gibbons said. One trillion dollars “is a lot of coin. It’s sitting overseas. If we could bring over a significant portion of that back into the economy, we believe that would stimulate demand, and demand stimulates jobs.”

It’s not a perfect solution, Gibbons said, but one the Republican-controlled House might be willing to entertain.

He acknowledged that analysts don’t yet know how many jobs such a policy might create. But, he said, bringing money back to the U.S. creates demand, which in turn drives hiring.

The forum is the first public event of the think tank’s new corporate tax reform project directed by former Rep. Dan Maffei (D-N.Y.), who’s now a Third Way senior fellow.

www.thirdway.org/events/50

Right now there is over a trillion dollars in global profits earned by American businesses sitting overseas. What if we lowered the bar for companies to bring that money back home?

Third Way hosted an Idea Forum that examined the economic and policy implications of a repatriation tax holiday that would allow American multinational companies to bring overseas profits back to the U.S. for investment at a reduced tax rate.

Featuring a distinguished panel of leaders from business, labor, economics and government, the forum offered a fruitful discussion of a repatriation holiday’s impact on hiring and investment, business practices, and future tax policy. Participants include Senator Kay Hagan, (D-NC), Congresswoman Loretta Sanchez (CA-47), Congressman Jared Polis (CO-2), Andy Stern, former President of the Service Employees International Union, Jim Rogers, CEO of Duke Energy and Dr. George Schink, Managing Director and Principal of Navigant Economics.

This Idea Forum is the first public event of Third Way’s new corporate tax reform project, managed by former Congressman (and now Third Way Senior Fellow) Dan Maffei, which will advance ideas to make the code fairer, simpler, and more pro-growth.

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[crosseye stereograph, see 3D with your right eye on the left image, and left on right.]

Nowadays, a pick-up truck can have an adjustable height tow hitch ball, to match the height of the trailer. In days long past, the tractor ran on rails and was fueled by coal, wood, or oil burning under a boiler. The 'hitch' was a socket and a "link" loop of iron was held in the socket with a substantial pin. Do this twice and the link is secured in both sockets, connecting the train cars for hauling. The flat ends of the socket also allowed for pushing, most trains of the era didn't turn around they just shuttled back and forth. There were no standards, rails gauged four foot eight and a half inches were just as common as railroads having the rail two or three feet apart, and standards for how high the link and pin coupler was above the track also varied over a wide range, on railstock from other roads just as much as cars from the same line. One solution was to have an oval link that was bent from low to high, allowing couplers of varying heights to connect. This locomotive coupler on the right allowed a wider range of coupler heights, and was later fitted with a knuckle coupler.

Brakemen would ride the train and hop from each car to adjust the brakes, throw the track switch points and hold the link up while the massive engine, or engine and train slammed together so the brakeman could drop the pin into the coupler link, while doing the best he could to keep his fingers. Using a stick to hold the link at the right height to couple the cars didn't always protect the brakemen, and it was common to see these brave men returning to work each day - with missing fingers, hands, arms, or have their widow collect their final pay envelope. All too common tragedy of the brakeman's lamented coupling task inspired the invention of a safer method of railcar connection - the knuckle coupler, seen here attached as an afterthought, yet still easily removed from the engine, retaining, and giving barbaric meaning to, "backwardly compatible."

3D, "Knuckle Down", attachment to link & pin coupler of Los Angeles Harbor Department saddle tank engine locomotives #31 & #32 at Travel Town Griffith Park, Los Angeles, CA, 2009.07.19 17:24, dsc00100

www.crich-memorial.org.uk/history.html

The summit of Crich Hill is reputed to have been the site of a Beacon Fire, which signalled the sighting of the Spanish Armada in the English Channel in 1588. It is believed that after the thrashing the Spanish received from Drake, his ships and the good old English weather, it was again used to celebrate the victory. In 1988 this most famous naval victory was again celebrated on its 400th anniversary with a new Beacon Post and Brazier being built and in 2002 it was again rebuilt as a cairn and brazier to commemorate HM The Queen's Golden Jubilee.

In 1734 there were a number of small lime kilns on the Hill and the public footpath which runs across the Hill to Crich is believed to have been used by Salt Merchants who packed the salt on horses or mules, transporting it southwards from the Cheshire area.

THE TOWER

The first record of any tower type structure is during the reign of King George III (1760) when a wooden tower was erected to provide both a landmark and a place from which to take in some of the best views available. It is thought that this tower was erected to mark his accession to the Throne. Owing to its wooden construction in such an exposed area, it only lasted about 25 years before being demolished. In 1788, Francis Hurt paid the princely sum of 210 to have a conical limestone tower with a wooden top constructed on the site of the old tower. By about 1843 the conical tower was in such a poor state of repair that a decision was taken to rebuild and in 1849 some of the stones of this conical tower were used to build the base of the new circular tower that was built from grit stone.

The circular tower was opened in 1851 (the year of the Great Exhibition) and it had a stone stairway winding up inside. An engraved tablet set in the wall at the top showed that the tower was 955 feet above sea level.

It could be said that this tower was the forerunner of The Sherwood Foresters Memorial. In June 1856 it was the scene of a jubilant crowd celebrating the end of the Crimean War (1854-56) and Sergeant Wetton of the 95th Derbyshire Regiment, a resident of Crich, was carried to the top of the Hill in a specially adapted chair as he had lost a leg at the Battle of the Alma (20th September 1854). There is no doubt that he would have been happy that the war was over, but it is certain that he would have remembered his Regimental Family and the comrades who never came home. In 1881 the 95th Derbyshire Regiment joined the 45th Nottinghamshire Regiment to form The Sherwood Foresters.

In June of 1882 there was a major landslide in the area of the quarry and this had a serious subsidence effect on the tower, lightning strikes and further minor movements of the ground in the immediate area resulted in the closing of the tower to the public for reasons of safety.