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For our day in port at Cannes, Mike and I began by hiking up to Musée de la Castre -- once a hilltop fortress and now a museum at the heart of Cannes' Le Suquet district.
The museum's collections are grouped by themes, including a Historical Journey (Voyage Historique) that encompasses antiquities from throughout the Mediterranean region and a Pictorial Journey (Voyage Pittoresque) that features paintings of landscapes, seascapes, views of Cannes, Impressionism, and Fauvism.
In this photo, you can see an Etruscan sarcophagus displayed in one of the Pictorial Journey rooms, with landscape paintings by Joseph Contini and Vincent Courdouan on the wall behind it. A few details on the sarcophagus (as translated from the informational placard below it) and the paintings, as well as an overview of the Mediterranean Antiquities and Painted Landscape collections (as outlined in the museum's brochure):
Etruscan Sarcophagus
The foliage-covered tank is not paired with the original cover
Carved and baked red clay
3rd Century B.C.
On loan from the Louvre Museum
Erected on the pediments of temples or installed on the tanks sarcophagi, as here, these large figures -- molded, sculpted, baked, and often painted -- were characteristic of Etruscan civilization on the Italian Peninsula. The sarcophagus lid shows a richly dressed man, semi-reclining on a bed. He is holding a crown -- one of the objects associated with large, festive banquets where attendees reclined in antiquity. Etruscan funerary art used the image of a banqueter, symbolizing the eternal banquet of the deceased in the afterlife and which characterizes his social portrait.
Joseph CONTINI
(Milan 1827 - Cannes 1892)
Panorama of the Fortified Monastery of Isle Saint-Honorat
Oil on Canvas
1887
Vincent COURDOUAN
(Toulon 1810-1893)
Panorama of the Hills of Château d'Evenos Near Toulon
Oil on Canvas
1858
Mediterranean Antiquities
The Mediterranean antiquities are housed in the lower room in the Abbot's Tower, a 16th-century building that was partially razed to the ground, but whose oblique profile may be made out in the museum's garden. The tower marked the corner of one of the residential buildings in Cannes' castle. The archaeology room presents a fine collection of Mediterranean antiquities, from Sumerian clay tablets written in cuneiform to 4th-century Christians' lead sarcophagi. Almost 5,000 years of art is thus displayed in the showcases, which are fitted out like collectors' cabinets, as if the room were an antique collector's private museum. The exhibits come partly from the collection of Baron Lycklama, who purchased them during his Middle Eastern travels: Persia and its capital, Tehran, the ruins beside the Tigris of what is now Iraq; Turkey and Constantinople; the lands that now make up Syria, with Damascus and Palmyra; the ancient lands of Palestine, with Jerusalem and Bethlehem; and the island of Cyprus. Another series of very fine exhibits comes from the donation made by Jacqueline Damien, who donated her father's collection to the nation in 1992 on the condition that it was to be lodged with the Musée de la Castre. A series of works on permanent loan from the Louvre, such as the two sarcophagi, one Etruscan and the other Egyptian, join the museum's early Christian lead sarcophagi to form a group representing the funerary rites of the classical and post-classical periods.
The Painted Landscape
Landscape art became a genre in its own right in the late 18th century, taking its cue from the Dutch and Flemish masters. Before then, it had been used as the backdrop for historical, religious, or battle scenes. The establishment, in 1817, of a Prix de Rome for historical landscapes constituted a decisive milestone, as it bestowed official recognition on the genre. At that time, open-air work for making sketches and studying individual features of the landscape -- such as rocks, trees, and clouds -- was recommended. The landscape artist then reworked the features he had sketched, turning them into an intellectual re-composition. He reconstructed landscapes, at times ideal and at times aiming for geographic or atmospheric truth, but from memory, incorporating details drawn from life into imaginary sites. The paintings presented in this room highlight Cannes' minor 19th century masters, who were virtuosos of the striking views held out by the coast. Joseph Contini (1827-1892), Adolphe Fioupou (1824-1899), and their generation focus our gaze on the minute observation of trees or rocks, whether isolated or incorporated into a full-fledged composition.
Paralyzing cold
-
Cunit, Tarragona (Spain).
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La reflexión: www.santimb.com/2012/02/frio-paralizante.html
CASTELLANO
La salamanquesa común (Tarentola mauritanica) es un pequeño reptil de la familia Gekkonidae ampliamente distribuido por los países de la cuenca del Mediterráneo.
En Portugal recibe el nombre de osga, en Galicia salmantesa, en Canarias prácan, perenquén o perinquén, en Cataluña, Valencia y Baleares dragó o dragonet y en Extremadura santorrostro. Es bastante común en la Península Ibérica, excepto en la Cornisa Cantábrica, con frecuencia conviviendo con los seres humanos en edificios de pueblos y ciudades, donde causa espanto e incluso repugnancia a parte de la población (saurofobia), aunque es totalmente inofensiva.
Ha sido introducida en las islas Baleares en el Mediterráneo, en las islas Canarias y archipiélago de Madeira y en el continente americano en Montevideo (Uruguay), Asunción (Paraguay) y Buenos Aires (Argentina) (donde se denomina lagartija), y California (Estados Unidos).
Las salamanquesas comunes son animales nocturnos, aunque en ocasiones se muestran activas en torno al crepúsculo o incluso durante el día, especialmente en los días soleados del fin del invierno. Sienten preferencia por los lugares soleados próximos a sus escondrijos.
Se alimentan principalmente de insectos en los meses calurosos del año y a menudo se encuentran cazando los insectos nocturnos que son atraídos por luces, lámparas, etc.
Incuban dos huevos casi esféricos dos veces al año, alrededor de abril y junio. Después de cuatro meses nacen las pequeñas salamanquesas con menos de 5 cm de longitud. Crecen muy lentamente y viven hasta 8 años en cautividad. Comen, grillos, polillas, moscas, mosquitas, etc ya que son insectívoras.
Más info: es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarentola_mauritanica
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ENGLISH
Tarentola mauritanica is a species of gecko (Gekkonidae) native to the Western Mediterranean region of Europe and North Africa and widely introduced to North America and Asia. It is commonly observed on walls in urban environments, mainly in warm coastal areas, though it can spread inland - especially in Spain. A robust species, up to 150 millimetres long, its tubercules are enlarged and give the species a spiny armoured appearance.
The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Its widespread introduction has attracted many common names, including variants on Common or Moorish Wall Gecko and Salamanquesa, Crocodile gecko, European common gecko, and Maurita naca gecko.
Mainly nocturnal or crepuscular. Also active during the day, on sunny days at the end of the winter especially. They like to receive sunlight near their refuge. They hunt insects and in the warmer months of the year it can be found hunting nocturnal insects near light sources, street lamps, etc. They lay 2 almost-spherical eggs twice a year around April and June. After 4 months, little salamanquesas of less than 5 cm in length are born. Moorish geckos are slow to mature, taking 4 to 5 years in captivity.
The introduction of the species may impact on native fauna, by preying on frogs and smaller lizards. The adoption of this species as a pet has led to populations becoming established in Florida and elsewhere.
More info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarentola_mauritanica
With Acknowledgment to the Roll of Honour website (RoH)
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/Holt.html
There is another set of memorials in the church of St Andrew the Apostle.
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/HoltStAndrew.html
Names shown on the Church memorial are marked as (CM)
The Great War
Alfred Anthony……………………………….....................................(RoH) (CM)
Corporal 47535. The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regt.) Labour Company Chinese Labour Corps transf. to (74127) 54th Chinese Company. Died on 27th November 1919. Aged 32. Son of Mr. T. and Mrs. H. Anthony, of 8, Eastrea Rd. Whittlesea. Cambs; husband of D. Anthony, of 5 Bluestone Terrace, Holt, Norfolk. Buried: Terlincthun British Cemetery, Wimille, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. XIV. C. 13.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=4024320
No match on Norlink
The 13 year old Alfred, already a Brickyard Labourer, is recorded on the 1901 Census as living at Eastrea Road, Whittlesey. This is the household of his parents, Thomas, (aged 54 and a Brickyard Labourer from Whittlesey), and Hannah, (aged 55 and from Whittlesey.) Also resident are Arthur’s brothers Charles, (aged 18), Harry, (aged 17), and Walter, (aged 10). Charles and Harry work as Brickyard Labourers, and all were born Whittlesey.
Oliver Bennett………………………………...................................(RoH) (CM)
Corporal 32124. 12th Battery Royal Field Artillery. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 21st October 1914. Aged 25. Born at North Walsham. Enlisted Norwich. Son of William and Rebecca Bennett, of Holt, Norfolk, Norwich, Norfolk. Buried: Harlebeke New British Cemetery, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Ref. XVI. A. 8.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=485790
No match on Norlink
The 12 year old Oliver was recorded on the 1901 census at Bull Street, Holt, having been born North Walsham. This was the household of his parents, William, aged 59 and a Licensed Victualler from Letheringsett, and Rebecca, (aged 40 and from Hoveton St John, Norfolk). Their other children are:-
Frank…………….aged 8.………….born North Walsham.
Ida Grace………aged 14.…………..born Stalham
Margaret……….aged 6.……………born Edgefield
One of the Stained Glass Windows in St Andrews, Holt is dedicated to the memory of Oliver and Charles Henry Steer, (qv), former members of the church choir.
www.wartimememoriesproject.com/greatwar/allied/royalartil...
The battery was newly arrived in France and was involved in supporting the 7th Division on the opening day of the Battle of Langemarck.
webstats.ordersofbattle.darkscape.net/site/warpath/divs/7...
www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_langemarck_1914.html
Robert William Beresford………………………………................(RoH) (CM)
Sergeant 293. 1st/5th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Died in Gallipoli on 21st August 1915. Aged 29. Born and enlisted Holt. Son of Henry Beresford, of Shire Hall Plain, Holt; husband of Emily E. Beresford, of Weston Square, Holt, Norfolk. No known grave. Commemorated on Helles Memorial, Turkey. Panel 42 to 44.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=698865
No match on Norlink
The 14 year old Robert is recorded on the 1901 Census as employed as a Domestic Page Boy, and living at Shire Hall Plain, Holt, the town of his birth. This was the household of his parents, Henry, (aged 42 and a Mineral Water cater from Holt), and Sophia, (aged 39 and from Bodham). Their other children are:-
Agnes……………aged 10
Alice…………..aged 13
Bertie………….aged 12
Bessie…………aged 20
Fred……………aged 2
Gertrude………..aged under 1
Mable………….aged 9
Percy…………..aged 3
Sidney…………aged 4.
Also living with them is a Grandson, George Beresford, aged under 1.
All born Holt.
Following the disastrous attack on the 12th, subsequently immortalised in tales of Alien abduction, lost battalions and more poignantly in “All the Kings Men”, the survivors were merged with the 1st/4ths until re-enforcements could arrive. A diary of an officer of that Battalion records that there was a Turkish attack in the mid-afternoon which broke into the trenches on their right, but was quiet in their sector.
user.online.be/~snelders/sand.htm
William Betts……………………………….....................................(RoH) (CM)
Private 16399. 3rd Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Died on 20th February 1916. Aged 27. Son of William and Triana Betts, of Fir Cottage, Briston, Melton Constable. Buried: Holt Burial Ground, Norfolk. Ref. C. 542.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802696
No match on Norlink
The most likely match on the 1901 Census is a 12 year old William, born Gissing, and now living at 30 Hill Street, Norwich. This is the household of his parents, Edward William, (a 38 year old Cab Man from Norwich), and Alice Caroline (aged 39 from probably Burston, Norfolk). Their other children are:-
Edith May…………aged 8.…born Gissing
Harry………………aged 6.…born Gisleham, Suffolk
Katherine Alice……aged 5.…born Norwich
Mildred Constance..aged 11...born Gissing
Sidney……………..aged 9.…born Gissing
The 3rd Battalion were a UK based Training Battalion providing drafts to the other Battalions of the Regiment.
Thomas Boast………………………………....................................(RoH) (CM)
RoH has no further information available.
Probably
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=275227
Name: BOAST, THOMAS TOWNSHEND
Rank: Second Lieutenant Regiment/Service: Norfolk Regiment Unit Text: 3rd Bn.
Age: 28 Date of Death: 29/09/1918 Awards: Mentioned in Despatches
Additional information: Son of George John and M. A. Boast, of Taxal Edge, Whaley Bridge, Cheshire. Native of Holt, Norfolk.
Grave/Memorial Reference: C. 29. Cemetery: NEUVILLE-BOURJONVAL BRITISH CEMETERY
No match on Norlink
The 1901 Census has a Thomas T Boast, aged 10, living at Cromer Road, Holt. This is the household of his parents, George J, (aged 37 and a Domestic Gardener from Thorpe St. Andrews near Norwich), and Mary A, (aged 35 and from Fakenham). Their other children are:-
Alice A………..aged 3.…..born Holt
George J………aged 5.…..born Holt
Mabel M………aged 8.….born Holt
Also staying with them is a niece, Olive M Boast, born Langham and aged 13.
While the 3rd Battalion was a UK based training establishment, it was likely that Lt Boast was on attachment to another Battalion of the Regiment. Neuville-Bourjonval was only re-taken from the Germans at the start of September 1918, and was still very much in the front-line. A study of other casualties buried in this cemetery from this time reveals a number of officer casualties from the units that made up the 15th Brigade, which included the 1st Norfolks.
Albert Victor Bray………………………………..............................(RoH) (CM)
Private 22958. 9th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Died of wounds at home on 10th February 1917. Aged 20. Born and enlisted King’s Lynn. Son of the late William and Margaret Bray, of Holt. Buried: Holt Burial Ground. Ref. C. 549.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802697
No match on Norlink
There is no obvious match for Albert on the 1901 Census, but as can be seen from the census entry for his brother Charles below that the family has already suffered some sort of break-up at this time.
Brother of Charles below
Charles William Bray………………………………........................(RoH) (CM)
Lance Corporal 41028. 8th Battalion Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers. Formerly 25409 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 16th August 1917. Aged 28. Born St Margaret’s, Norfolk (King’s Lynn?). Enlisted Norwich. Son of the late William and Margaret Bray. No known grave. Commemorated on Tyne Cot Memorial, Zonnebeke, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Panel 70 to 72.
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=842798
No match on Norlink
Brother of Albert above
The 12 year old Charles Bray is recorded on the 1901 census at South Street, Kings Lynn, his birth town. The head of the household is his married brother Ernest, (aged 25 and a Brickmaker from the town). Also living with them is Ernest and Charles 16 year old brother, Herbert, who is employed as a Carpenters Apprentice. The wife of Ernest is Harriet, (aged 30 and from West Winch), and the couple have a daughter Evelyn who is less than a year old.
Thursday 16th August 1917 - Day 17
Rainfall Nil
The phase of the battle known as The Battle of Langemarck commenced today and lasted until the 18th. Zero Hour was 4.45 am.
16th (Irish) Division
49 Bde
7th Bn, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers attacked on the left and the regiments 8th Bn on the right. 7/8th Bn, Royal Irish Fusiliers was in support. Attached from 47 Bde was 6th Bn Royal Irish Regt which was held in reserve. It was during this action that L/Cpl Frederick Room earned his Victoria Cross. Room was in charge of the battalion stretcher bearers and worked continuously under intense fire, dressing the wounded and helping to evacuate them. It was he fourth and last VC earned by a man of the Royal Irish Regt.
7th Inniskillings took Beck House and then moved on to Delva Farm, taking it before coming under heavy fire from the rear where they had failed to mop up some German pillboxes. 8th Inniskillings was held up by MG fire while attacking Borry Farm.
forum.irishmilitaryonline.com/showthread.php?t=11535&...
Horace Bullock……………………………….................................(RoH) (CM)
Private 49505. 9th Battalion Essex Regiment. Formerly 53042 Suffolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 6th September 1918. Born and lived Holt. Enlisted Norwich. No known grave. Commemorated on Vis-En-Artois Memorial, Pas de Calais, France. Panel 7.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1740608
No match on Norlink
The most likely match on the 1901 Census is a 1 year Horace living at Shirehall Plain, Holt. This is the household of his parents, Samuel, (aged 31 and described as a Bricklayer and then something illegible, which the Genes Reunited transcibers have put down as Inn-Keeper?), and Margaret E. (aged 29 and from Hockham, (possibly Holkham?)). Their other children are:-
Eleanor…….aged 7.….born Holt
Hilda May…aged 4.….born Holt
Albert Caston……………………………….................................(RoH) (CM)
Corporal 13018. 9th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 15th September 1916. Born Holt. Enlisted Norwich. No known grave. Commemorated on Thiepval Memorial, Somme, France. Pier and Face 1 C and 1 D.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1542715
No match on Norlink
No obvious match on the 1901 Census,
15th September 1916 Battle of the Somme
The last great Allied effort to achieve a breakthrough came on 15 September in the Battle of Flers-Courcelette with the initial advance made by 11 British divisions (nine from Fourth Army, two Canadian divisions on the Reserve Army sector) and a later attack by four French corps.
The battle is chiefly remembered today as the debut of the tank. The British had high hopes that this secret weapon would break the deadlock of the trenches. Early tanks were not weapons of mobile warfare—with a top speed of 2 mph (3.2 km/h), they were easily outpaced by the infantry—but were designed for trench warfare. They were untroubled by barbed wire obstacles and impervious to rifle and machine gun fire, though highly vulnerable to artillery. Additionally, the tanks were notoriously unreliable; of the 49 tanks available on 15 September, only 32 made it to the start line, and of these, only 21 made it into action
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Flers-Courcelette
An intense preliminary bombardment began on 12 September and at 6.20am on Friday 15 September the advance began in mist and smoke. XIV Corps attack, on the extreme right, where hopes of breakthrough were pinned, fared badly; 56th Division and 6th Division lost heavily as tanks and artillery support failed to neutralise vital defensive positions
www.cwgc.org/somme/content.asp?menuid=27&id=27&me...
151 Soldiers of the 9th Battalion appear to have died on this day.
Alfred Woodhouse Caston………………………………..............(RoH) (CM)
Private 36460. 8th Battalion East Surrey Regiment. Died in France & Flanders on 29th July 1918. Aged 30. Born Holt. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Alfred W. Caston, of 5, Albert St., Holt, Norfolk. Buried: Crouy British Cemetery, Crouy-Sur-Somme, France. Ref. IV. B. 20.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=71021
No match on Norlink
No obvious match on the 1901 Census
The battalion was in the reserve lines on this date, with working parties in the front line at night improving defences. No casualties are recorded since the 22nd.
qrrarchive.websds.net/PDF/ES00819180608.pdf
Frederick W Chestney………………………………....................(RoH) (CM)
The roll of honour entry for this person is incorrect. The correct individual is shown below.
Name: CHESTNEY, FREDERICK WILLIAM
Rank: Private Regiment/Service: Training Reserve Unit Text: 22nd Bn
Age: 18 Date of Death: 30/01/1918 Service No: 10/7202
Additional information: Son of Mr.E Chestney. N.B.: PLEASE NOTE This casualty was accepted for commemoration by the Commission. Please contact the Commission before planning a visit, for more information.
Grave/Memorial Reference: Plot D Grave 728 Cemetery: HOLT BURIAL GROUND
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=75197297
No match on Norlink
The 2 year old Frederick is recorded on the 1901 Census living at Lion Street, Holt, the town of his birth. He is living with his parents Elijah, (aged 40 and a Carpenter from Holt), and Amelia J. (aged 39 and from Suffolk, (possibly Southwold?)). As well as Frederick, they have an 8 month old daughter, Kathleen E.M.
Charles William Clarke………………………………...............(RoH) (CM)
Private 12493. 7th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on 13th October 1915. Aged 22. Born Holt. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Mrs. Mary Ann White, of Cross St., Holt, Norfolk. No known grave. Commemorated on Loos Memorial, Pas de Calais, France. Panel 30 and 31.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=729875
No match on Norlink
On the 1901 Census, the 7 year old Charles W is living at Chapel Street, Holt. His widowed mother, the 34 year old Mary Ann earns a living as a washerwoman. She is also bringing up Augustus, (aged 3) and Susannah, (aged 1), although she has a 35 year old boarder, William White living with her. William is employed as a Hedger. All of them come from Holt.
On 12th October 1915 the Battalion moved from billets to a line in front of the St Elie Quarries, taking over from the Coldstream Guards. The attack was planned to go ahead the following day under a smoke cloud with the Norfolks closing on the German trenches from both ends of their position thus straightening their line, their own trenches being in a semi-circle. The left side of the Battalion was also tasked with bombing a German communications trench. A bright sunny day with an ideal wind for moving the smoke towards the enemy positions, the artillery bombardment began at 12:00 and was intensive by 13:45. 54 heavy and 86 field howitzers and 286 field guns fired on enemy trenches in the area of the Hohenzollern Redoubt, Fosse 8, the Quarries, Gun Trench and the positions south to Chalk Pit Wood. It failed to cause sufficient damage to the enemy positions. The smoke barrage went wrong and ceased by 13:40, twenty minutes before the attack was launched at 14:00 and was thus very thin. German machine gun fire from in front and from the direction of Slag Alley, opposite the Norfolks right flank, enfiladed their attack. Whilst they gained a foothold in the Quarries and consolidated the position they were unable to advance further. In the battalions first serious engagement they lost 5 Officers killed or died of wounds and 6 wounded, and 66 other ranks killed, 196 wounded and 160 missing.
Source: 1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=42270
.
Albert Edward Cockaday………………………………..............(RoH) (CM)
Private 201347. 1st/4th Battalion Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in Palestine on 19th April 1917. Aged 21. Born North Heigham, Norwich. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Archibald and Laura Cockaday, of 4, Weston Square, Holt, Norfolk. Buried: Gaza War Cemetery, Israel. Ref. XIII. E. 6.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=649749
No match on Norlink
The 4 year old Albert is recorded on the 1901 Census at Carpenters Arms Yard, Norwich Road, Holt. This is the household of his parents, Archibald, (aged 25 and a Gas Fitter and Plumber from Norwich), and Laura, (aged 24 and also from Norwich). Their oher children are:-
Ethel………………aged under /1.…..born Holt
Harry……………aged 2.……………born Holt
19th April 1917 During the 2nd Battle of Gaza,
Facing the Tank Redoubt was the 161st Brigade of the 54th Division. To their right were the two Australian battalions (1st and 3rd) of the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade who had dismounted about 4,000 yards from their objective. As the infantry went in to attack at 7.30am they were joined by a single tank called "The Nutty" which attracted a lot of shell fire. The tank followed a wayward path towards the redoubt on the summit of a knoll where it was fired on point blank by four field guns until it was stopped and set alight in the middle of the position.
The infantry and the 1st Camel Battalion, having suffered heavy casualties on their approach, now made a bayonet charge against the trenches. About 30 "Camels" and 20 of the British infantry (soldiers of the 5th (territorial Battalion of the Norfolk Regiment) reached the redoubt, then occupied by around 600 Turks who immediately broke and fled towards their second line of defences to the rear.
The British and Australians held on unsupported for about two hours by which time most had been wounded. With no reinforcements at hand and a Turkish counter-attack imminent, the survivors endeavoured to escape back to their own lines.
To the right (west) of Tank Redoubt, the 3rd Camel Battalion, advancing in the gap between two redoubts, actually made the furthest advance of the battle, crossing the Gaza-Beersheba Road and occupying a pair of low hills (dubbed "Jack" and "Jill"). As the advances on their flanks faltered, the "Camels" were forced to retreat to avoid being isolated.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
More than a thousand one hundred of the men of the 54th posted killed wounded or missing were from the two Norfolk regiment battalions, equating to 75% of their strength. Eastern Daily Press "Sunday" section May 5, 2007
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
Private Cockadays British War Medal and Victory Medal were auctioned in January 2010
www.lockdales.com/AuctionMedals&Militaria.htm
Update December 2016
While researching a Bertie Thomas Curson from Yaxham, Norfolk, who died in the same action (Private 240350, 1st/5th Battalion), I managed to track down what remains of his Service Record. In there was an undated report by the Graves Registration Unit, titled Information as to Location of Graves. There are 8 other names on the report - one of which is Albert. It seems both their bodies were discovered buried at Tank Redoubt Military Graves, Atawineh, Palestine. Presumably they were buried by the Turks. The bodies were moved to the current location probably before the CWGC, (or its predecessor, the Imperial War Commission), took responsibility for maintaining War Graves and hence no record of this move being available on CWGC.
1939-1945
John Arnott……………………………….......................................(RoH) (CM)
Roll of Honour web-site has no further details
9 Potential matches
Patrick Arnott……………………………….....................................(RoH) (CM)
Sergeant (Air Bomber) 1333984. 15 Squadron Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. Died on 25th May 1943. Aged 19. Son of Frederick Henry and Nellie Arnott, of Holt, Norfolk. Buried: Jonkerbos War Cemetery, Gelderland, Netherlands. Ref. 24. A. 3.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2645038
Stirling BK611 Information
Type..............................Stirling
Serial Number...............BK611
Squadron......................15
X1D...............................LS-U
Operation......................Dusseldorf
Date 1...........................25th May 1943
Date 2...........................26th May 1943
Further Information
"Delivered to No.15 Sqdn 24Dec42. Bk611 was one of two No.15 Sqdn Stirlings lost on this operation. See: BF534. Airborne 2356 25May43 from Mildenhall. Hit by Flak at 0132 26May43 when SW of the target and bombs were jettisoned two minutes later. In the ensuing confusion, Sgt Seabolt baled out. Course for base was set, but at 0215 the Stirling crash-landed some 300 metres S of the crossroads Horst-Venlo/Sevenum-Grubbenvorst (Limburg), some 8 km NW of Venlo, Holland. Those killed were taken to Venlo for burial, since when their remains have been transferred to Jonkerbos War Cemetery. Sgt Maxted and Sgt Edgley evaded capture for six weeks before being picked up in Paris 9Jul43. The name Te-Kooti was given to this aircraft Jan43 by P/O Renner RNZAF. Since its acceptance by the Squadron, this Stirling had performed remarkably well and when lost had accomplished 29 operational sorties. This information is provided by Mr A.W.Edgeley, rear gunner of BK611.
Sgt J.O.Wilson RAAF KIA
Sgt R.W.Pittard KIA
P/O B.E.Cooper PoW
Sgt P.Arnott KIA
Sgt S.J.Maxted PoW
Sgt E.I.Seabolt RCAF PoW
Sgt A.W.Edgeley PoW
P/O B.E.Cooper initially evaded until captured in Brussels 6Jun43. After two weeks incarceration in St.Gilles Prison was interned in Camp L3, PoW No.1770 Sgt A.W.Edgeley in Camp 4B, PoW No.222506. Sgt S.J.Maxted initially evaded until captured in Paris 9Jul43 and interned in Camp 4B, PoW No.222529. Sgt E.I.Seabolt was confined in Hospital due injuries. No PoW No. 'Air Battle of the Ruhr', A.Cooper, records Sgt S.J.Maxted as Sgt S.J.Morted and Sgt A.W.Edgeley as Sgt A.W.Edgley. "
www.lostbombers.co.uk/bomber.php?id=11246
A picture of the aircraft and a member of the ground crew responsible for her can be seen here.
www.ww2aircraft.net/forum/album/black26-white-photos/p632...
Although it doesn’t translate very well, there is a bit about the escape route that tried to help Rear-Gunner Sgt Edgeley to evade, and the betrayal that led to their capture
translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=ht...
Gerald A Attew………………..……….....................................(RoH)(CM)
Probably: Gerald Albert Attew. Leading Aircraftman 1175121, Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. Died on 28th November 1945. Son of Thomas and Ethel Attew; husband of Lena C. Attew, of Pembroke Dock, Pembrokeshire. Buried: Naples War Cemetery, Italy. Ref. IV. N. 17.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2239128
Duncan Barrett ………………………………........................(RoH) (CM)
Roll of Honour web-site has no further details
Possibles
Name: BARRETT, DUNCAN HENRY Initials: D H Nationality: United Kingdom Rank: Sergeant (Pilot) Regiment/Service: Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve Unit Text: 49 Sqdn. Date of Death: 29/08/1941 Service No: 901205 Additional information: Son of Benjamin Hush Barrett and Isabella Sanderson Barrett, of Durban, Natal, South Africa. Casualty Type: Commonwealth War Dead Grave/Memorial Reference: Plot D. Row 13. Coll. grave 12. Cemetery: AMELAND (NES) GENERAL CEMETERY
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2649002
Sergeant Barret was a Navigator of a 49 Squadron Hampden, AD971 “EA-O”, that failed to return from a bombing mission to Duisberg on this day. His headstone can be seen here.
www.bomberhistory.co.uk/49squadron/Main Menu.html
Hampden AE126 Information
Type..................................Hampden
Serial Number..................AE126
Squadron.........................49
X1D..................................EA-N
Operation.........................Duisburg
Date 1..............................28th August 1941
Date 2..............................29th August 1941
Further Information
"AE126 was one of two 49 Sqdn Hampdens lost on this operation. See: AD971. Airborne from Scampton. Shot down by a night-fighter (Oblt Helmut Lent, 4./NJG1) and crashed 0340 29Aug41 into the sea off Ameland, where all are buried in Nes General Cemetery.
P/O B.M.Fournier KIA
Sgt D.H.Barrett KIA
Sgt E.R.Palmer KIA
Sgt D.Watson KIA "
www.lostbombers.co.uk/bomber.php?id=9899
Alternatively
Name: BARRETT, DUNCAN HENRY JAMES
Rank: Sergeant (Obs.) Regiment/Service: Royal Air Force Unit Text: 102 Sqdn.
Date of Death: 20/05/1940 Service No: 580865
Grave/Memorial Reference: Coll. grave 2-5. Cemetery: HAMEGICOURT CHURCHYARD
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2689407
Whitley N1380 Information
Type.................................Whitley
Serial Number..................N1380
Squadron..........................102
X1D..................................DY-R
Operation.........................Ribemont
Date 1...............................20th May 1940
Date 2...............................21st May 1940
Further Information
"Serial range N1345 - N1394. 40 Whitely Mk.V. Delivered by Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft between 28Aug39 and 23Oct39. Contract No.75147/38.. Airborne 2029 20May40 from Driffield to bomb a bridge spanning the River Oise ar Ribemont. Crashed 2330 near Ham_gicourt (Aisne), 10 km SSE of St-Quentin, France.
F/L D.W.H.Owen KIA
P/O D.F.S.Holbrook KIA
Sgt D.H.J.Barrett KIA
LAC R.J.Newberry KIA
AC2 M.D.Dolan KIA
www.lostbombers.co.uk/bomber.php?id=5521
Robert John Bird……………………………….....................(RoH) (CM)
Chief Steward. H.M. Yacht Sappho, Naval Auxiliary Personnel (M.N.) Died on 29th September 1940. Aged 35. Son of Martha Bird, of Holt, Norfolk. No known grave. Commemorated on Liverpool Naval Memorial. Panel 21, Column 1.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2498496
The yacht Sappho was built in 1935 and requisitioned in November 1939. It weighed 327 tons and was lost, probably due to a mine, whilst serving as a guardship in Falmouth, Cornwall, 29th September 1940
(The article goes on to list 32 names of officers and men serving aboard the Sappho, including Chief Steward Bird.)
www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/A2A/records.aspx?cat=028-1260...
In contrast the Naval net site lists 1 deceased on the 29th, and 32 on the 30th, (including Chief Steward Bird), as a result of ship loss.
www.naval-history.net/xDKCas1940-09SEP.htm
Michael Bond………………………………..........................(RoH) (CM)
Possibly: Michael William Bond. Corporal 14566787. 1048 Port Operating Coy. Royal Engineers. Died on 4th April 1944. Aged 20. Son of Hedley Lester Bond, and of May Louise Bond, of Norwich. Buried: Brookwood Military Cemetery, Surrey. Ref. 33A. A. 1.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2761910
(The only other Michael is a 15 year old civilian who died in Wandsworth, London in 1943 - presumably as a result of an air-raid)
Ronald Douglas Bond………………………………............(RoH) (CM)
Leading Aircraftman 541180. Royal Air Force, (serving in H.M.S. Welshman). Died on 1st February 1943. Aged 23. Son of Bertie Henry and Eunice May Bond, of Holt, Norfolk. No known grave. Commemorated on Malta Memorial. Panel 9, Column 2. Special note: HMS Welshman was heading for Alexandria when she was hit and sunk by a torpedo from U-617. Over 150 Naval officers and man died, along with a number of Air Force and Army personnel who were aboard.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1081489
Navy The Royal Navy Type Minelayer Class Abdiel Pennant M 84 Built by Hawthorn Leslie & Co. (Hebburn-on-Tyne, U.K.) Ordered Laid down 8 Jun 1939 Launched 4 Sep 1940 Commissioned 25 Aug 1941 Lost 1 Feb 1943 Loss position 32.12N, 24.52E (See a map) History
HMS Welshman (Capt. Wiliam Howard Dennis Friedberger, DSO, RN) was returning from Malta to Alexandria when she was sunk about 35 nautical miles east-northeast off Tobruk, Libya in position 32º12'N, 24º52'E, by one torpedo from the German submarine U-617.
HMS Welshman supported the island of Malta during the long siege in WW2. The island population resisted strongly and was collectively awarded the highest decoration for civilian bravery. Welshman brought food and essential supplies many times; her role was featured in the UK movie The Malta Story. When unloading in Valetta harbor she was attacked and suffered a near miss which damaged her prop shafts, putting one of her thre engines out of service. As her principal fighting strength was her extreme speed this damage affected her ability to perform drastically. She was also torpedoed subsequently, but made it home to the United Kingdom and was repaired at Devonport. She returned to the Mediterranean to serve on the same relief duty, steaming under disguise and simulating French warships.
www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/3956.html
www.killifish.f9.co.uk/Malta WWII/Welshman-Manxman.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Welshman_(M84)
www.georgecrossisland.org.uk/viewPhoto.asp?Key=88
www.georgecrossisland.org.uk/viewStory.asp?Key=15
(Robert) Roy Bunkell………………………………..................(RoH) (CM)
Private 5779487. 70th Battalion Royal Norfolk Regiment. Died on 25th July 1942. Aged 20. Son of Kathleen M. R. Mason of Sheringham. Buried: Holt Burial Ground. Ref. Grave B. 269.
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2763921
KOREA 1952
Edward Farrow……………………………….................(RoH)(CM)
Private 22477681, The Royal Norfolk Regiment. Died 14th June 1952. Age 19. Buried in UN Memorial Cemetery, Korea. Plot 22. Row 4. Grave 1444
myweb.tiscali.co.uk/bkvaroh/ROH/FilesP/0551.htm
NORTHERN IRELAND 1991
Simon Ware………………………………...............................(RoH) (CM)
Lance Corporal, Coldstream Guards. Killed by a landmine 17th August 1991 while on foot patrol in forest of Carrickovaddy in South Armagh. Aged 22.
cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/chron/1991.html
A picture of Simon and the following obituary can be seen here
coldstreamkids.websitetoolbox.com/post?id=2653653
Simon was born in Enfield, North London, on 23 Jan 1969. He left school in 1986 and joined the Coldstream Guards and after his training at Pirbright was posted to the First Bn in Hong Kong. Having conducted many overseas exercises whilst in HK he returned with the Bn to Wellington Bks. He deployed to Belfast on a roulement tour in Sept 1989 based at North Howard Street Mill. In October 1990 he transfered to the Second Bn as the First Bn had been warned for a tour of Germany and this would have messed up his wedding plans if he had gone to Germany. On March 9th 1991 he married Carol Nice in the Guards Chapel and two days later he deployed to South Armagh with Number 4 (Ops) Company based at Bessbrook Mill. At 0800hrs on Sat 17 August 1991 he was the third man in a four man team as they patrolled along a fire break through Carrickovaddy Woods, near to Newtownhamilton. The remaining two teams sattelited the wood. As he approached a bend in the track a device detonated from his right side killing him instantly. The device was a 250lb landmine planted by the IRA and placed in an embankment to achieve maximum affect. So large was the explosion that he was killed instantly and his body was never found. Only parts of him and military equipment was found nearby.
B-Day Reubens 3-17-2007
www.squidoo.com/reubensandwich
www.foodtimeline.org/foodsandwiches.html#reuben
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuben_sandwich
whatscookingamerica.net/History/Sandwiches/ReubenSandwich...
My Grandmother always told me her sister (Fern Snider) invented this sandwich, she said was a waitress at the Blackstone Hotel.She told me of the sandwich contest also, which I always disbelieved until I read it for myself. My Gramma Loved Reuben Sandwiches which is weird because that was the only time she would eat sauerkraut.
Anytime she would see they had Reubens on the menu she would order one.. which was quite often here in Omaha. I still think of my Grandma when I make these.
Recipe;
Seek out the the best ingredients to get the best flavor!
Try to get a point cut brisket from a real butcher or deli rather than the vacuum sealed thing in the chain grocery stores. If you are unable to do this do use the vacuum sealed one throw away that little flavorless packet thing and season it yourself. I like to use a dry rub of lots of fresh ground pepper, then caraway seeds, kosher salt, Hungarian paprika (hot). Then brown it with a small amount of olive oil to get it started in a large cast iron skillet. Then add rosemary, thyme, and garlic, after it is completely browned care not to burn the herbs and garlic. Keep in mind it is well raw and nowhere near throughly cooked through (you can not cook a tough cut of meat like this on the stovetop) pre-browing it just brings out more flavor and fat to help it in the crock pot. I will coarse chop half of a cabbage and put that in the crock pot and turn it on low. Add your brisket with all the fat drippings to the crock pot and then it will slow cook 8-9 hours transforming it from a disgusting flabbity piece of gross undercooked meat hunk, into a delicious savory tender mouth watering addictive thing of marvelous beauty!
Bread: seek out local bakeries and try to find a quality bread.
Rule of thumb for bread: chain store=bad local bakery=awesome! What you will generally find in a chain grocery will not do your sandwich justice, look for something made at a local bakery (I spent my childhood tagging along with my grandfather who was a lifelong baker and would constantly visit other local bakeries just to make friends and seek out quality breads).
Upscale grocery stores will have a better bread choice if that is your only option.
Don't be afraid to experiment, German Pumpernickel, Jewish Rye, Light Rye, American Rye.
Make your own 1000 Island dressing which is easy it will taste better.
I make my own every time and it is always delicious because I make it to taste.
Cheese: I'm not too picky, usually any Emmental Swiss is good Try to find something not too sharp with too much cheese funk, Baby Swiss is ok, Look for Swiss that has smaller holes and is not aged so long.
Sauerkraut: find one you like, no need to be too picky here.
try to drain it as much a humanly possible so it does not waterlog your sandwich.
Cooking the Sandwich: Which is a very important step.
It should be delicious if all your ingredients are good. If your cooking for more than 2/3 people then use two large cast iron pans, I like extra virgin olive oil instead of butter or a mix of the two. Very important you must preheat! but too hot=burned sandwich. Now preheat the pans, you should be able to feel slightly uncomfortable heat if you place your hand 3 inches above them. Add enough olive oil to coat the pan (if your oil is smoking your pan is too hot). The cast iron holds heat well but still try not to over crowd the pan maybe 2 sandwiches per pan if it is large.
Last thing when you make your sandwitches do not try to make them heaping huge piles like fred flintstone style, a sensible balance of ingredients is important. If you add too much to them they will fall apart and not heat up as well in the center. Large is good but keep in mind if it is super huge it will tend to fall apart and not fit in your mouth hole.
VENICE BIENNALE / VENEZIA BIENNIAL 2013 : BIENNALIST
www.emergencyrooms.org/biennalist.html
Biennalist is an Art Format by Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel debating with artistic tools on Biennales and other cultural managed events . Often those events promote them selves with thematics and press releases faking their aim . Biennalist take the thematics of the Biennales very seriously , and test their pertinance . Artists have questioned for decade the canvas , the pigment , the museum ... since 1989 we question the Biennales .Often Biennalist converge with Emergency Room providing a burning content that cannot wait ( today before it is too late )
please contact before using the images : Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel 1@colonel.dk
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In 2013 Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel is represented at the Malives pavilion at the Venice Biennale and then went further and received hospitality at the Zimbabwe pavilion with the Emergency Room Mobile
www.emergencyrooms.org/biennalist.html
Meanwhile Thierry Geoffroy is in Copenhagen the work about todays emergencies continue at the gallery Marianne Friis on the
ULTRACONTEMPOARY WARM UP Wall established for this occasion since 6sept 2013
thierrygeoffroy.blogspot.dk/2013/09/colonel-s-warm-up-wal...
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lists of artists participating at the Venice Biennale :
Hilma af Klint, Victor Alimpiev, Ellen Altfest, Paweł Althamer, Levi Fisher Ames, Yuri Ancarani, Carl Andre, Uri Aran, Yüksel Arslan, Ed Atkins, Marino Auriti, Enrico Baj, Mirosław Bałka, Phyllida Barlow, Morton Bartlett, Gianfranco Baruchello, Hans Bellmer, Neïl Beloufa, Graphic Works of Southeast Asia and Melanesia, Hugo A. Bernatzik Collection, Ștefan Bertalan, Rossella Biscotti, Arthur Bispo do Rosário, John Bock, Frédéric Bruly Bouabré, Geta Brătescu, KP Brehmer, James Lee Byars, Roger Caillois, Varda Caivano, Vlassis Caniaris, James Castle, Alice Channer, George Condo, Aleister Crowley & Frieda Harris, Robert Crumb, Roberto Cuoghi, Enrico David, Tacita Dean, John De Andrea, Thierry De Cordier, Jos De Gruyter e Harald Thys, Walter De Maria, Simon Denny, Trisha Donnelly, Jimmie Durham, Harun Farocki, Peter Fischli & David Weiss, Linda Fregni Nagler, Peter Fritz, Aurélien Froment, Phyllis Galembo, Norbert Ghisoland, Yervant Gianikian & Angela Ricci Lucchi, Domenico Gnoli, Robert Gober, Tamar Guimarães and Kasper Akhøj, Guo Fengyi, João Maria Gusmão & Pedro Paiva, Wade Guyton, Haitian Vodou Flags, Duane Hanson, Sharon Hayes, Camille Henrot, Daniel Hesidence, Roger Hiorns, Channa Horwitz, Jessica Jackson Hutchins, René Iché, Hans Josephsoh, Kan Xuan, Bouchra Khalili, Ragnar Kjartansson, Eva Kotátková, Evgenij Kozlov, Emma Kunz, Maria Lassnig, Mark Leckey, Augustin Lesage, Lin Xue, Herbert List, José Antonio Suárez Londoño, Sarah Lucas, Helen Marten, Paul McCarthy, Steve McQueen, Prabhavathi Meppayil, Marisa Merz, Pierre Molinier, Matthew Monahan, Laurent Montaron, Melvin Moti, Matt Mullican, Ron Nagle, Bruce Nauman, Albert Oehlen, Shinro Ohtake, J.D. ‘Okhai Ojeikere, Henrik Olesen, John Outterbridg, Paño Drawings, Marco Paolini, Diego Perrone, Walter Pichler, Otto Piene, Eliot Porter, Imran Qureshi, Carol Rama, Charles Ray, James Richards, Achilles G. Rizzoli, Pamela Rosenkranz, Dieter Roth, Viviane Sassen, Shinichi Sawada, Hans Schärer, Karl Schenker, Michael Schmidt, Jean-Frédéric Schnyder, Friedrich Schröder-Sonnenstern, Tino Sehgal, Richard Serra, Shaker Gift Drawings, Jim Shaw, Cindy Sherman, Laurie Simmons e Allan McCollum, Drossos P. Skyllas, Harry Smith, Xul Solar, Christiana Soulou, Eduard Spelterini, Rudolf Steiner, Hito Steyerl, Papa Ibra Tall, Dorothea Tanning, Anonymous Tantric Paintings, Ryan Trecartin, Rosemarie Trockel, Andra Ursuta, Patrick Van Caeckenbergh, Stan VanDerBeek, Erik van Lieshout, Danh Vo, Eugene Von Bruenchenhein, Günter Weseler, Jack Whitten, Cathy Wilkes, Christopher Williams, Lynette Yiadom-Boakye, Kohei YoshiyUKi, Sergey Zarva, Anna Zemánková, Jakub Julian Ziółkowski ,Artur Żmijewski.
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other pavilions at Venice Biennale
Andorra Artists: Javier Balmaseda, Samantha Bosque, Fiona Morrison
Commissioner: Henry Périer Deputy Commissioners: Francesc Rodríguez, Ermengol Puig, Ruth Casabella
Curators: Josep M. Ubach, Paolo De GrandisAngola Artist: Edson Chagas Commissioner: Ministry of Culture
Curators: Beyond Entropy (Paula Nascimento, Stefano Rabolli Pansera), Jorge Gumbe, Feliciano dos Santos
Argentina Artist: Nicola Costantino Commissioner: Magdalena Faillace Curator: Fernando Farina
Armenia Artist: Ararat SarkissianCurator: Arman Grogoryan /AustraliaArtist: Simryn Gill Commissioner: Simon Mordant Deputy Commissioner: Penelope Seidler Curator: Catherine de Zegher /AustriaArtist: Mathias Poledna ,Curator: Jasper Sharp /AzerbaijanArtists: Rashad Alakbarov, Sanan Aleskerov, Chingiz Babayev, Butunay Hagverdiyev, Fakhriyya Mammadova, Farid Rasulov /Commissioner: Heydar Aliyev FoundationCurator: Hervé Mikaeloff
Bahamas Artist: Tavares Strachan Commissioner: Nalini Bethel, Ministry of Tourism Curators: Jean Crutchfield, Robert HobbsDeputy Curator: Stamatina Gregory/BangladeshChhakka Artists’ Group: Mokhlesur Rahman, Mahbub Zamal, A. K. M. Zahidul Mustafa, Ashok Karmaker, Lala Rukh Selim, Uttam Kumar Karmaker. Dhali Al Mamoon, Yasmin Jahan Nupur, Gavin Rain, Gianfranco Meggiato, Charupit School/Commissioner/Curator: Francesco Elisei. , Curator: Fabio Anselmi./BahrainArtists: Mariam Haji, Waheeda Malullah, Camille Zakharia /Commissioner: Mai bint Mohammed Al Khalifa, Minister of Culture /Curator: Melissa Enders-Bhatiaa/BelgiumArtist: Berlinde De Bruyckere
Commissioner: Joke Schauvliege, Flemish Minister for Environment, Nature and Culture .Curator: J. M. Coetzee ,Deputy Curator: Philippe Van Cauteren /Bosnia and Herzegovina
Artist: Mladen Miljanovic .Commissioners: Sarita Vujković, Irfan Hošić
Brazil Artists: Hélio Fervenza, Odires Mlászho, Lygia Clark, Max Bill, Bruno Munari
Commissioner: Luis Terepins, Fundação Bienal de São Paulo,Curator: Luis Pérez-Oramas ,Deputy Curator: André Severo
CanadaArtist: Shary Boyle /Commissioner: National Gallery of Canada / Musée des beaux-arts du Canada ,Curator: Josée Drouin-Brisebois/Central AsiaArtists: Vyacheslav Akhunov, Sergey Chutkov, Saodat Ismailova, Kamilla Kurmanbekova, Ikuru Kuwajima, Anton Rodin, Aza Shade, Erlan Tuyakov
Commissioner: HIVOS (Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation)
Deputy Commissioner: Dean Vanessa Ohlraun (Oslo National Academy of the Arts/The Academy of Fine Art)
Curators: Ayatgali Tuleubek, Tiago Bom
Scientific Committee: Susanne M. Winterling
ChileArtist: Alfredo JaarCommissioner: CNCA, National Council of Culture and the Arts Curator: Madeleine Grynsztejn
ChinaArtists: He Yunchang, Hu Yaolin, Miao Xiaochun, Shu Yong, Tong Hongsheng, Wang Qingsong, Zhang Xiaotao
Commissioner: China Arts and Entertainment Group (CAEG) ,Curator: Wang Chunchen
Costa Rica Artists: Priscilla Monge, Esteban Piedra, Rafael Ottón Solís, Cinthya Soto
Commissioner: Francesco EliseiCurator: Francisco Córdoba, Museo de Arte y Diseño Contemporáneo (Fiorella Resenterra)
Croatia Artist: Kata Mijatovic ,Commissioner/Curator: Branko Franceschi.
CubaArtists: Liudmila and Nelson, Maria Magdalena Campos & Neil Leonard, Sandra Ramos, Glenda León, Lázaro Saavedra, Tonel, Hermann Nitsch, Gilberto Zorio, Wang Du, H.H.Lim, Pedro Costa, Rui Chafes, Francesca Leone ,Commissioner: Miria ViciniCurators: Jorge Fernández Torres, Giacomo Zaza
CyprusArtists: Lia Haraki, Maria Hassabi, Phanos Kyriacou, Constantinos Taliotis, Natalie Yiaxi, Morten Norbye Halvorsen, Jason Dodge, Gabriel Lester, Dexter Sinister /Louli Michaelidou
Deputy Commissioners: Angela Skordi, Marika Ioannou/Curator: Raimundas Malašauskas
Czech Republic & Slovak RepublicArtists: Petra Feriancova, Zbynek Baladran ,Commissioner: Monika Palcova, Curator: Marek Pokorny /DenmarkArtist: Jesper Just in collaboration with Project ProjectsEgypt
Artists: Mohamed Banawy, Khaled Zaki
EstoniaArtist: Dénes Farkas ,Commissioner: Maria Arusoo ,Curator: Adam Budak
FinlandArtist: Antti Laitinen , Commissioner: Raija Koli , Curators: Marko Karo, Mika Elo, Harri Laakso
FranceArtist: Anri Sala ,Curator: Christine Macel
GeorgiaArtists: Bouillon Group,Thea Djordjadze, Nikoloz Lutidze, Gela Patashuri with Ei Arakawa and Sergei Tcherepnin, Gio Sumbadze/Commissioner: Marine Mizandari, First Deputy Minister of Culture Curator: Joanna Warsza
GermanyArtists: Ai Weiwei, Romuald Karmakar, Santu Mofokeng, Dayanita Singh Commissioner/Curator: Susanne Gaensheimer /Great BritainArtist: Jeremy Deller ,Commissioner: Andrea Rose , Curator: Emma Gifford-Mead
Holy SeeArtists: Lawrence Carroll, Josef Koudelka, Studio Azzurro ,Curator: Antonio Paolucci
Hungary , Artist: Zsolt Asztalos , Curator: Gabriella Uhl
Iceland , Artist: Katrín Sigurðardóttir ,Commissioner: Dorotheé Kirch
Curators: Mary Ceruti , Ilaria Bonacossa/IndonesiaArtists: Albert Yonathan Setyawan, Eko Nugroho, Entang Wiharso, Rahayu Supanggah, Sri Astari, Titarubi
Deputy Commissioner: Achille Bonito Oliva , Assistant Commissioner: Mirah M. Sjarif
Curators: Carla Bianpoen, Rifky Effendy
IraqArtists: Abdul Raheem Yassir, Akeel Khreef, Ali Samiaa, Bassim Al-Shaker, Cheeman Ismaeel, Furat al Jamil, Hareth Alhomaam, Jamal Penjweny, Kadhim Nwir, WAMI (Yaseen Wami, Hashim Taeeh)
Commissioner: Tamara Chalabi (Ruya Foundation for Contemporary Culture)Curator: Jonathan Watkins.
IrelandArtist: Richard MosseCommissioner, Curator: Anna O’Sullivan
Israel , Artist: Gilad Ratman , Commissioners: Arad Turgeman, Michael GovCurator: Sergio Edelstein
ItalyArtists: Francesco Arena, Massimo Bartolini, Gianfranco Baruchello, Elisabetta Benassi, Flavio Favelli, Luigi Ghirri, Piero Golia, Francesca Grilli, Marcello Maloberti, Fabio Mauri, Giulio Paolini, Marco Tirelli, Luca Vitone, Sislej Xhafa ,Commissioner: Maddalena Ragni
Curator: Bartolomeo Pietromarchi /Ivory Coast Artists: Frédéric Bruly Bouabré, Tamsir Dia, Jems Koko Bi, Franck Fanny
Commissioner: Paolo De Grandis , Curator: Yacouba Konaté
Japan ,Artist: Koki Tanaka ,Curator: Mika Kuraya
KenyaArtists: Kivuthi Mbuno, Armando Tanzini, Chrispus Wangombe Wachira, Fan Bo, Luo Ling & Liu Ke, Lu Peng, Li Wei, He Weiming, Chen Wenling, Feng Zhengjie, César MeneghettiCommissioner: Paola Poponi ,Curators: Sandro Orlandi, Paola Poponi /Korea (Republic of)Artist: Kimsooja
KosovoArtist: Petrit Halilaj ,Commissioner: Erzen Shkololli ,Curator: Kathrin Rhomberg
KuwaitArtists: Sami Mohammad, Tarek Al-Ghoussein
Commissioner: Mohammed Al-Asoussi ,Curator: Ala Younis /Latin AmericaIstituto Italo-Latino Americano
Artists:Marcos Agudelo, Miguel Alvear & Patricio Andrade, Susana Arwas, François Bucher, Fredi Casco, Colectivo Quintapata (Pascal Meccariello, Raquel Paiewonsky, Jorge Pineda, Belkis Ramírez), Humberto Díaz, Sonia Falcone, León & Cociña, Lucía Madriz, Jhafis Quintero, Martín Sastre, Guillermo Srodek-Hart, Juliana Stein, Simón Vega, Luca Vitone, David Zink Yi. /Harun Farocki & Antje Ehmann. In collaboration with: Cristián Silva-Avária, Anna Azevedo, Paola Barreto, Fred Benevides, Anna Bentes, Hermano Callou, Renata Catharino, Patrick Sonni Cavalier, Lucas Ferraço Nassif, Luiz Garcia, André Herique, Bruna Mastrogiovanni, Cezar Migliorin, Felipe Ribeiro, Roberto Robalinho, Bruno Vianna, Beny Wagner, Christian Jankowski ,Commissioner: Sylvia Irrazábal ,Curator: Alfons Hug
Deputy Curator: Paz Guevara /Latvia Artists: Kaspars Podnieks, Krišs Salmanis ,Commissioners: Zane Culkstena, Zane Onckule ,Curators: Anne Barlow, Courtenay Finn, Alise Tifentale
LithuaniaArtist: Gintaras Didžiapetris, Elena Narbutaite, Liudvikas Buklys, Kazys Varnelis, Vytaute Žilinskaite, Morten Norbye Halvorsen, Jason Dodge, Gabriel Lester, Dexter SinisterCommissioners: Jonas Žokaitis, Aurime Aleksandraviciute Curator: Raimundas Malašauskas /LuxembourgArtist: Catherine LorentCommissioner: Clément Minighetti Curator: Anna Loporcaro /MexicoArtist: Ariel Guzik ,Commissioner: Gastón Ramírez Feltrín ,Curator: Itala Schmelz
Montenegro ,Artist: Irena Lagator Pejovic .Commissioner/Curator: Nataša Nikcevic
The Netherlands ,Artist: Mark Manders
Commissioner: Mondriaan Fund ,Curator: Lorenzo Benedetti
New Zealand Artist: Bill Culbert ,Commissioner: Jenny Harper ,Deputy Commissioner: Heather Galbraith ,Curator: Justin Paton /Finland: ,Artist: Terike Haapoja ,Commissioner: Raija Koli ,Curators: Marko Karo, Mika Elo, Harri Laakso
Norway:Artists: Edvard Munch, Lene Berg
Curators: Marta Kuzma, Pablo Lafuente, Angela Vettese
Paraguay Artists: Pedro Barrail, Felix Toranzos, Diana Rossi, Daniel Milessi ,Commissioner: Elisa Victoria Aquino Laterza
Deputy Commissioner: Nori Vaccari Starck , Curator: Osvaldo González Real
Poland Artist: Konrad Smolenski Commissioner: Hanna Wróblewska Curators: Agnieszka Pindera, Daniel Muzyczuk
Portugal Artist: Joana Vasconcelos Curator: Miguel Amado
RomaniaArtists: Maria Alexandra Pirici, Manuel Pelmus Commissioner: Monica Morariu Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damia Curator: Raluca VoineaArtists: Anca Mihulet, Apparatus 22 (Dragos Olea, Maria Farcas,Erika Olea), Irina Botea, Nicu Ilfoveanu, Karolina Bregula, Adi Matei, Olivia Mihaltianu, Sebastian MoldovanCommissioner: Monica Morariu ,Deputy Commissioner: Alexandru Damian ,Curator: Anca Mihulet
Russia Artist: Vadim Zakharov ,Commissioner: Stella Kasaeva ,Curator: Udo Kittelmann
Serbia Artists: Vladimir Peric, Miloš Tomic .Commissioner: Maja Ciric
SloveniaArtist: Jasmina CibicCommissioner: Blaž Peršin ,Curator: Tevž Logar
South Africa Commissioner: Saul Molobi ,Curator: Brenton Maart
Spain Artist: Lara Almarcegui , Commissioner/Curator: Octavio Zaya
Switzerland Artist: Valentin Carron Commissioners: Pro Helvetia - Sandi Paucic and Marianne Burki
Curator: Giovanni CarmineVenue: Pavilion at Giardini
Syrian Arab RepublicArtists: Giorgio De Chirico, Miro George, Makhowl Moffak, Al Samman Nabil, Echtai Shaffik, Giulio Durini, Dario Arcidiacono, Massimiliano Alioto, Felipe Cardena, Roberto Paolini, Concetto Pozzati, Sergio Lombardo, Camilla Ancilotto, Lucio Micheletti, Lidia Bachis, Cracking Art Group, Hannu Palosuo
Commissioner: Christian Maretti Curator: Duccio Trombadori
Taiwan Artists: Bernd Behr, Chia-Wei Hsu, Kateřina Šedá + BATEŽO MIKILU Curator: Esther Lu
Thailand Artists: Wasinburee Supanichvoraparch, Arin Rungjang
Curators: Penwadee Nophaket Manont, Worathep Akkabootara
Turkey Artist: Ali Kazma Commissioner: Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts Curator: Emre Baykal
Ukraine Artists: Ridnyi Mykola, Zinkovskyi Hamlet, Kadyrova Zhanna Commissioner: Victor Sydorenko
Curators: Soloviov Oleksandr, Burlaka Victoria
United Arab Emirates Artist: Mohammed Kazem /Commissioner: Dr. Lamees Hamdan Curator: Reem Fadda
Uruguay Artist: Wifredo Díaz Valdéz
Commissioner: Ricardo Pascale Curators: Carlos Capelán, Verónica Cordeiro
USA Artist: Sarah Sze Commissioners/Curators: Carey Lovelace, Holly Block
Venezuela Colectivo de Artistas Urbanos Venezolanos , Commissioner: Edgar Ernesto González Curator: Juan Calzadilla
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Encyclopedic Palace is curated by Massimiliano Gioni
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Other Biennales (Biennials ) : Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale
Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art
Any reference to (RoH) means the Roll of Honour Website, to which I am deeply indebted.
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/Aylsham.html
The Roll of Honour site refers to the War memorial in the churchyard. Although there is also a wooden memorial plaque in the church, this appears to be identical in practically every detail, other than adding that the Korean War individual died in 1952.
Francis Henry FROSTICK………………………………...............(RoH)
Able Seaman R/543. Hawke Bn. R.N. Div., Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. Died Tuesday 24 April 1917. Age 26. Son of James and Emily Frostick, of Hungate St., Aylsham, Norfolk. Commemorated: ARRAS MEMORIAL, Pas de Calais, France. Bay 1
On Churchyard War Memorial F H Frostick
On Church Memorial board F H Frostick
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1557805
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a Frank Frostick,on the census, aged 11 and living at the Cottages by the Mill, Oxnead. Frank was born at Aylsham. His parents are James, (aged 46 and a Cattleman on Farm from Banningham), and Emily, (aged 45 and from Skeyton). Their other children are Elsie, (aged 3, born Oxnead), Frederick, (aged 7, born Aylsham), and William, (aged 15 and a Bricklayers Labourer, born Heigham).
On the DayWESTERN FRONT
9 April-15 May Battle of Arras, including
23-24 April Second Battle of the Scarpe (Second phase of Arras Offensive), 63rd (RN) Division captured Gavrelle
The attack on Gavrelle was commenced on 23 April and was carried out by the 189th and 190th Brigades. At 4.45 a.m. Nelson and Drake battalions went over the top under cover of an artillery barrage. The first line of German trenches was quickly taken, and an hour later the attack was ceased at the edge of the village.
The artillery barrage was relocated across the village, which was reduced to rubble. Other battalions from the brigade were moved forward. House to house fighting led to the taking of Gavrelle, at the cost of 1,500 casualties.
Virtually all the remaining reservists of the original Royal Naval Division lost their lives at Gavrelle. They were the veterans who had survived the fighting at Gallipoli and at the Ancre.
www.wereldoorlog1418.nl/RND-Royal-Naval-Division/index.html
www.naval-history.net/xDKCas1917-04Apr.htm
H J GIBBONS……………………………….............................(RoH)
No further information available at present.
On Churchyard War Memorial H J Gibbons
On Church Memorial board H J Gibbons
CWGC
Possibly H J East Surrey Regiment died 1916
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=576007
Or Henry John, Royal Lancaster Regiment, died 1918
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=301567
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 14 year old Henry G, born Aylsham, and now employed as an Errand Boy at Chemist, living at 9 West Street, Cromer. His mother Alice M M, (age 36 and from Colby) has re-married, and so Henry is living with his step-father, James Norgate, a 32 year old Corn Porter from North Walsham).
William GILES………………………………............................(RoH)
Private 51361. 2nd Bn., Manchester Regiment. Killed in action Friday 19 April 1918 in France & Flanders. Age 27. Born Skeyton. Lived Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Son of William and Annie Giles, of Woodgate Cottages, Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: QUESNOY FARM MILITARY CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. C. 7.
On Churchyard War Memorial W Giles
On Church Memorial board W Giles
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=590871
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is an 8 year old “Willie” Giles, living at North Walsham Road, Skeyton, the village of his birth. Willie’s parents are William, (aged 35 and a Cattle Feeder on Farm from Scottow), and Annie, (aged 38 and from Scottow). Their other children are Alice, (aged 5, born Sketon), George, (aged 12, born Oxnead), John, (aged 9, born Swanton Abbott), Martha, (aged 13, born Swanton Abbott), and Sidney, (aged 2, born Skeyton).
On the day April 1918
Ayette attacked and carried. Batt was in the front line until the 25th 14 KIA, 87 wounded, 16 gassed, 1 missing.25th withdrawn to Barly
www.themanchesters.org/2nd batt.htm
Clare Horsley GOULDER……………………………….............(RoH)
Corporal 13146. 8th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died Tuesday 31 October 1916. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: AYLSHAM CEMETERY, Norfolk, United Kingdom. Ref. B. 77.
On Churchyard War Memorial C H Goulder
On Church Memorial board C H Goulder
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802302
Norlink No archive items.
There is a memorial to all the Goulder boys who died in the Great War in Aylsham Cemetery. Clare is listed as having been wounded on the Somme on the 1st July 1916, and subsequently dying in Hospital on the 31st October 1916. He was born on the 14th January 1892.
1901 Census The 9 year old Clare H is recorded at Pound Lane, Aylsham. His parents are John, (aged 56 and a Farmer and Manure Agent from Wramplingham), and Mary, (aged 52 and from Stretford, Lancashire). Their other children are Colin Chas, (aged 11), Frances M, (aged 12), John Lee, (aged 17), and Sybil M, (aged 19). The Goulders have two live in servants.
John Lee GOULDER………………………………................(RoH)
(There is a picture of John on the RoH website)
Serjeant 2179. 1st/5th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Saturday 21 August 1915. Born and enlisted Aylsham. Commemorated: HELLES MEMORIAL, Turkey. Panel 42 to 44.
On Churchyard War Memorial J L Goulder
On Church Memorial board J L Goulder
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=693690
Norlink No archive items.
There is a memorial to all the Goulder boys who died in the Great War in Aylsham Cemetery. John Lee is listed as having died in action at Suvla. He was born the 16th April 1883.
1901 Census The 17 year old John Lee is recorded at Pound Lane, Aylsham. His parents are John, (aged 56 and a Farmer and Manure Agent from Wramplingham), and Mary, (aged 52 and from Stretford, Lancashire). Their other children are Colin Chas, (aged 11), Frances M, (aged 12), Clare H, (aged 9), and Sybil M, (aged 19). The Goulders have two live in servants.
On the Day 21st August 1915
Having lost over 200 men from the battalion shortly before this on the 12th, the battalion was to lose at least another 36 on this day.
Robert Christopher GOULDER………………………………..(RoH)
Lance Corporal 13188. 8th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Saturday 1 July 1916. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Commemorated: THIEPVAL MEMORIAL, Somme, France. Pier and Face 1 C and 1 D.
On Churchyard War Memorial Not noted by me
On Church Memorial board R C Goulder
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=786636
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census A 14 year old Robert Goulder, born Aylsham, is recorded as a Boarder at a Private Grammer School in Banham, Norfolk. Ten years earlier, the same individual is now listed as Robert C. and is living at Cromer Road, Aylsham with his parents John and Mary - see family details recorded for Clare and John Lee. The only additional child listed appears to be a Humphrey W, (aged 6 in 1891, born Aylsham)
On the Day The 6th Battalion, Royal Berks went over the top alongside the 8th Norfolks on the first day of the Somme. The story of what happened to the two units can be read here,
www.6throyalberks.co.uk/1stJuly/default.html
The 8th Battalion as part of the 18th (Eastern) Division was present on the first day of the Battle of the Somme on 1 July 1916. They got beyond their initial target and had by 5.00pm reached the German trenches known as "Montauban Alley". Over one hundred men and three officers had been killed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Norfolk_Regiment
Arthur Robert HALL………………………………..........................(RoH)
Sapper 230925. 130th Field Coy., Royal Engineers. Died Friday 18 October 1918. Born and lived Aylsham. Enlisted Cromer. Buried: ST. SEVER CEMETERY EXTENSION, ROUEN, Seine-Maritime, France. Ref. S. II. J 9.
On Churchyard War Memorial Not noted by me
On Church Memorial board A Hall
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=518028
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 14 year old Arthur, born Aylsham, employed as a Stonemason, and currently residing at Millgate, Aylsham. His parents are Charles, (aged 48 and a Stone Mason from Cossey, Norfolk), and Susanna, (aged 47 and from Burgh). Their other children are Ada, (aged 25 and a Drapers Assistant), Alfred, (aged 17 and a Grocers Assistant), Bessie, (aged 18 and a Drapers Assistant), Frank, (aged 7), and Harry, (aged 11).
Arthur James HORNE………………………………......................(RoH)
[C.D. Gives surname as HOME.] Private 27389. 6th Bn., Somerset Light Infantry. Formerly G/37364 Royal Fusiliers. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Saturday 3 November 1917. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Husband of Mrs. L. Farrow (formerly Horne), of Footpath House, Swanton Abbott, Norwich, Norfolk. Commemorated: TYNE COT MEMORIAL , Zonnebeke, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Panel 41 to 42 and 163A.
On Churchyard War Memorial Not noted by me
On Church Memorial board A J Horne
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=837244
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 12 year old Arthur J, employed as an Errand Boy\Porter, is recorded at Woodgate Cottage, Aylsham. His parents are Johnathan, (aged 39 and a Team Man on farm from Foulsham), and Mary Ann, (age 40 and from Norwich). Their other children are Bertie S, (aged 1), Gladys F, (aged 3), and Walter S, (aged 7). Also living with them are Johnathan’s father, James, (aged 82 and from Saxthorpe, on Parish Poor Relief).
Eric HORNER………………………………..................................(RoH)
(There is a picture of Eric on the RoH website)
Lance Corporal 11376. 6th Bn., Yorkshire Regiment. Killed in action Saturday 21 August 1915. Born Aylsham. Enlisted South Shields. Commemorated: HELLES MEMORIAL, Turkey. Panel 55 to 58.
On Churchyard War Memorial Not noted by me
On Church Memorial board E Horner
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=691984
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 9 year old Eric is resident at Cawston Road, Aylsham. His parents are Frederick J, (aged 37 and a Blacksmith from Calthorpe), and Eliza, (aged 37 and from Aylsham). Their other children are Cora, (aged 12), Ella, (aged 12), Hilda, (aged 4), Leonard, (aged 11), and Raymond, (aged 7).
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=124...
On the Day The Yorkshires were involved in the costly Battle of Scimitar Hill and the attack on “W” Hills on this day.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Scimitar_Hill
www.firstworldwar.com/battles/scimitarhill.htm
G HUNT……………………………….........................................(RoH)
No further information available at present.
On Churchyard War Memorial Not noted by me
On Church Memorial board G Hunt
CWGC
Possibly George Lewis aged 18 of the 1st/5th Duke of Wellingtons (West Riding) Regiment. His parents are shown as residing at Neatishead.
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=794393
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census Possibilities are:-
George, (aged 2), living at Hungate Street, Aylsham. Parents Arthur, (32, Agricultural Labourer), Alice (33, born Fritton) - other children Arthur W. (6), and Florence C (4).
George, (aged 16 - Cattle Man on Farm), living at Mucklands, Aylsham..Mother Elizabeth, (aged 39 and a Widow from Barningham Parva) - other children Bertie, (aged 12), Daisy, (aged 10), Lily, (aged 8), and Sidney, (aged 14 and a Baker).
(Charles) Frederick KNIGHTS……………………………….........(RoH)
Private 127984. 34th Coy., Machine Gun Corps (Inf). Formerly 35348 East Surrey Regiment. Killed in action Thursday 11 April 1918 in France & Flanders. Born Northrepps. Lived Aylsham. Enlisted Cromer. Son of Fredrick Charles Knights. Commemorated: PLOEGSTEERT MEMORIAL, Comines-Warneton, Hainaut, Belgium. Panel 11.
On Churchyard War Memorial Not noted by me
On Church Memorial board F Knights
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=869316
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 2 year old Frederick Knights living at Norwich Road, Aylsham who was born at Southrepps. He is living with his Grand-Parents Frederick, (aged 50 and a Railway Porter from Diss), and Alice, (aged 40 and from Wells, Norfolk). The children of Frederick and Alice are Adeline, (aged 14), Anne, (aged 19), Bertie G, (aged 5), Edith, (aged 11), and Sidney, (aged 9).
C LEE………………………………............................................(RoH)
No further information available at present.
On Churchyard War Memorial Looks more like G Lee but carving not in common with other C’s or G’s
On Church Memorial board C Lee
CWGC
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 9 year old Charles H Lee, born Cawston and now living at Cawston Road, Aylsham. His parents are Herbert Wm, (aged 31 and a Farm Bailiff from Cawston), and Elizabeth, (aged 31 and also from Cawston). Their other children are Sidney S., (aged 4, born Cawston), Valentine E. (aged 2, born Aylsham) and Walter W. (aged 7, born Cawston).
This points us to a possible match on the CWGC database - Charles Herbert Lee who was 26 when he died on the 14/11/1918. His wife had re-married, and was now living at Aldborough, but Charles is buried in the Churchyard of St Giles, Colby, Norfolk. Charles is on the Colby War Memorial. He had served as a Pioneer in the Royal Engineers.
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802318
www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/Colby.html
If they are all the same individual, then Charles is probably the brother of the Sydney listed below.
Sydney Samuel LEE………………………………......................(RoH)
Private 22202. 2nd Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died Sunday 7 January 1917. Age 20. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Hubert William and Elizabeth Lee, of Beer House Farm, Cawston, Norfolk. Commemorated: KIRKEE 1914-1918 MEMORIAL, India. Face C.
On Churchyard War Memorial S Lee
On Church Memorial board S Lee
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1481525
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 4 year old Sidney S Lee, born Cawston and now living at Cawston Road, Aylsham. His parents are Herbert Wm, (aged 31 and a Farm Bailiff from Cawston), and Elizabeth, (aged 31 and also from Cawston). Their other children are Charles H., (aged 9, born Cawston), Valentine E. (aged 2, born Aylsham) and Walter W. (aged 7, born Cawston).
(Frank) Sydney LEMAN………………………………................(RoH)
Private 40900. 11th Bn., Essex Regiment. Formerly 32927 Suffolk Regiment. Died of wounds Saturday 23 March 1918 in France & Flanders. Age 35. Born Kelling. Lived Aylsham. Enlisted Cromer. Buried: DERNANCOURT COMMUNAL CEMETERY EXTENSION, Somme, France. Ref. III. J. 46.
On Churchyard War Memorial S Leman
On Church Memorial board S Leman
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=37479
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census No apparent match. On the 1891 Census, the 9 year old Frank, having been born at Kelling was by now living at The Street, (Possibly Kelling or Erpingham - original is a poor quality scan). His parents are John Leman, (aged 31 and an Agricultural Labourer, place of birth illegible on the Genes Re-united site - possibly Erpingham) and Jane, (aged 30 and probably from Kelling). I believe the other children are Jane, Agnes, Stuart and Arthur, but I shall roll my eyes next time I hear someone waffle on about how standards of hand-writing used to be so much better in Victorian times J
On the DayThe 11th Essex had been heavily engaged in holding back the German onslaught of their 1918 Spring Offensive which had commenced on the 21st.
www.gutenberg.org/files/20115/20115-h/20115-h.htm#page044
Private Leman may well have picked up his fatal wounds during this time.
B MARSHALL……………………………….....................................(RoH)
No further information available at present.
On Churchyard War Memorial B Marshall
On Church Memorial board B Marshall
CWGC
Possibly Bertie Walter, aged 22, of the 35th Battalion, Machine Gun Corps, who died 30/11/1917. Bertie’s parents (James & Laura) are recorded as living at Stafford Street, Norwich.
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=554906
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census No obvious match for any B Marshall and no obvious Marshall connection with Aylsham.
Frederick MOY………………………………..................................(RoH)
Private 240040. 1st/5th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Thursday 19 April 1917. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Millgate, Higham, Norfolk. Buried: GAZA WAR CEMETERY, Israel. Ref. XXII. G. 5.
On Churchyard War Memorial F Moy
On Church Memorial board F Moy
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=650910
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census No obvious match on the 1901 or 1891 Censuses. There are two Moy familys, both with numerous sons, and Aylsham connections - one having subsequently moved to Old Buckenham, but there is not even a middle initial F. on any of them.
On the Day 19th April 1917 During the 2nd Battle of Gaza,
Facing the Tank Redoubt was the 161st Brigade of the 54th Division. To their right were the two Australian battalions (1st and 3rd) of the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade who had dismounted about 4,000 yards from their objective. As the infantry went in to attack at 7.30am they were joined by a single tank called "The Nutty" which attracted a lot of shell fire. The tank followed a wayward path towards the redoubt on the summit of a knoll where it was fired on point blank by four field guns until it was stopped and set alight in the middle of the position.
The infantry and the 1st Camel Battalion, having suffered heavy casualties on their approach, now made a bayonet charge against the trenches. About 30 "Camels" and 20 of the British infantry (soldiers of the 5th (territorial Battalion of the Norfolk Regiment) reached the redoubt, then occupied by around 600 Turks who immediately broke and fled towards their second line of defences to the rear.
The British and Australians held on unsupported for about two hours by which time most had been wounded. With no reinforcements at hand and a Turkish counter-attack imminent, the survivors endeavoured to escape back to their own lines.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
More than a thousand one hundred of the men of the 54th posted killed wounded or missing were from the two Norfolk regiment battalions, equating to 75% of their strength. Eastern Daily Press "Sunday" section May 5, 2007
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
William NORTON………………………………...............................(RoH)
Private 41117. 7th Bn., The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regt.) attd. 288th Coy., Royal Engineers. Died Saturday 17 March 1917. Age 41. Born and lived Aylsham. Enlisted Cromer. Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. Norton, of Aylsham; husband of S. E. Norton, of Pound Rd., Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: WARLINCOURT HALTE BRITISH CEMETERY, SAULTY, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. V. E. 4.
On Churchyard War Memorial W Norton
On Church Memorial board W Norton
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=91524
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 25 year old William, born Aylsham, is employed as a Domestic Gardener and is living on Hungate Street, Aylsham with his widowed mother Esther, (aged 48 and born Edgefield). Also living with them are William’s brothers Albert, (aged 15 and a Cattle Feeder on Farm), Augustus, (aged 12) and Frederick, (aged 9).
J C PAYNE……………………………….........................................(RoH)
[No record on CD.] Private T/254791. Army Service Corps. Died Thursday 20 December 1917. Age 35. Buried: AYLSHAM CEMETERY, Norfolk, United Kingdom. Ref. G. 70.
On Churchyard War Memorial J C Payne
On Church Memorial board J C Payne
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802303
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 1901 Census has a 17 year old James C, born Aylsham and employed as a Bricklayers Labourer. He is living at Drabblegate, Aylsham with his parents William, (aged 44 and a Bricklayer), and Sophia, (aged 40). Their other children are Blanch, (aged 10), Eliza, (aged 13), Ethel S, (aged 8), Frederick H, (aged 19 and a Gardener, (not Domestic)), Harry E. (aged 7), Katie (aged 6), and William, (aged 4).
Frederick PEGG……………………………….............................(RoH)
Corporal 12967. 7th Bn., Suffolk Regiment. Killed in action Wednesday 27 March 1918. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Lowestoft. Commemorated: POZIERES MEMORIAL, Somme, France. Panel 25
On Churchyard War Memorial F Pegg
On Church Memorial board F Pegg
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1586611
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 14 year old Frederick, born Aylsham, is living on Hungate Street and employed as an Errand Boy. His parents are Alfred Charles, (a 47 year old Carpenter from Heydon), and Clara, (47 and from Wood Dalling). Their other children are Benjamin A, (aged 15 and a Newspaper Boy), Caroline E, (aged 22), Francis H, (aged 13), Marshall A, (aged 20 and a Bricklayers Labourer), and Stephen S.A. (aged 11).
On the dayThe 7th Suffolks were involved in the fighting retreat that was gradually bringing the German Spring Offensive to a halt before Albert.
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=111...
W J PITCHER………………………………...............................(RoH)
Possibly: Wilfred Pitcher. Private 240948. 1st/5th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died in Palestine on Thursday 19 April 1917. Enlisted East Dereham. Buried: GAZA WAR CEMETERY, Israel. Ref. XXIII. D. 10.
On Churchyard War Memorial W J Pitcher
On Church Memorial board W J Pitcher
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=651074
Norlink No archive items.
There is a memorial to Wilfred’s father Elliot who died in 1934 in Aylsham cemetery. This also lists a son Wilfred John who fell in action in Egypt, 19th April 1917.Elliot’s wife, (and presumably Wilfred’s mother) is listed as Alice Mary.
1901 Census The 1 year old Wilfred, born Aldborough, is living Near the Green, Aldborough. His parents are Elliott, (aged 25 and a Domestic Gardener) and Alice, (aged 22 and from Saxthorpe). Wilfred has a brother George, (aged under 1).
On the dayMore than a thousand one hundred of the men of the 54th posted killed wounded or missing were from the two Norfolk regiment battalions, equating to 75% of their strength. Eastern Daily Press "Sunday" section May 5, 2007
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
19th April 1917 During the 2nd Battle of Gaza,
Facing the Tank Redoubt was the 161st Brigade of the 54th Division. To their right were the two Australian battalions (1st and 3rd) of the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade who had dismounted about 4,000 yards from their objective. As the infantry went in to attack at 7.30am they were joined by a single tank called "The Nutty" which attracted a lot of shell fire. The tank followed a wayward path towards the redoubt on the summit of a knoll where it was fired on point blank by four field guns until it was stopped and set alight in the middle of the position.
The infantry and the 1st Camel Battalion, having suffered heavy casualties on their approach, now made a bayonet charge against the trenches. About 30 "Camels" and 20 of the British infantry (soldiers of the 5th (territorial Battalion of the Norfolk Regiment) reached the redoubt, then occupied by around 600 Turks who immediately broke and fled towards their second line of defences to the rear.
The British and Australians held on unsupported for about two hours by which time most had been wounded. With no reinforcements at hand and a Turkish counter-attack imminent, the survivors endeavoured to escape back to their own lines.
To the right (west) of Tank Redoubt, the 3rd Camel Battalion, advancing in the gap between two redoubts, actually made the furthest advance of the battle, crossing the Gaza-Beersheba Road and occupying a pair of low hills (dubbed "Jack" and "Jill"). As the advances on their flanks faltered, the "Camels" were forced to retreat to avoid being isolated.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gaza
E J PRESTON………………………………................................(RoH)
Possibly: Ernest James Preston. Gunner 906467. 337th Bde., Royal Field Artillery. Died in Mesopotamia on Monday 28 October 1918. (CD gives date as 25 October 1918). Lived and enlisted Norwich. Buried: BASRA WAR CEMETERY, Iraq. Ref. I. S. 3.
On Churchyard War Memorial E J Preston
On Church Memorial board E J Preston
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=631320
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 4 year old Ernest J is living at Buxton Road, Aylsham, the town of his birth. His parents are Leonard J, (34 and a Road Surveyor from Hevingham), and Louisa E, (aged 30 and from Highfield, Sussex). The Prestons also have a daughter, Florence M, aged 1. Although I only have access to the high-level search on the 1911 census, Ernest is still recorded in the District of Aylsham. I can only assume he either moved to Norwich to seek work or that the Ernest James on the RoH site is a different individual.
C RISEBOROUGH……………………………….........................(RoH)
Possibly either: Charles Riseborough. Gunner 98474. Guards Div. H.Q., Royal Field Artillery. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Sunday 3 October 1915. Born Holt. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: FOSSE 7 MILITARY CEMETERY, MAZINGARBE, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. I. A. 2. Or: Charles James Riseborough. Private22396 "A Coy. 8th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Wednesday 19 July 1916 . Age 25. Born Wickmere. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Herbert and Mary Ann Riseborough, of Wickmere, Norwich. Commemorated: THIEPVAL MEMORIAL Somme, France. Pier and Face 1 C and 1 D.
On Churchyard War Memorial C Riseborough
On Church Memorial board C Riseborough
CWGC
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=563714
www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1551611
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 1901 census has a 17 year old Charles, born Aylsham, employed as a Shepherd, and living at Drabblegate, Aylsham. His parents are James, (aged 40 and a Shepherd from Erpingham), and Fanny, (aged 38 and from Aylsham). Their other children are Albert, (aged 14, born Ingworth, and a Shepherd), Charles, (aged 17, born Aylsham and a Shepherd), Elenor, (aged 5, born Ingworth), James, (aged 11, born Ingworth), and Thirza, (aged 8, born Ingworth).
There is also a 10 year old Charles, born Weybourne, and now also living at Drabblegate, Aylsham. His parents are Robert, (aged 40 and a Blacksmith from Hempstead, Norfolk) and Martha, (aged 36, from Peckham, Norfolk). Their other children are Hilda, (aged 3, born Aylsham), John T, (aged 12, born Weybourne), Mary, (aged 11, born Weybourne), Maud, (aged 9, born Aylsham), and Sidney, (aged 4, born Aylsham).
There are only 2 C Riseborough’s shown on the CWGC database, and neither set of details as shown on the RoH web-site appear to tie in with the C Riseborough’s on the 1901 Census.
I’ve then tried the RoH details on the 1911 high level search engine. The individual born at Wickmere is now recorded as living in the District of Aylsham. I can find no match on the 1901 or 1911 Census for a Charles born in Holt.
The Wickmere individual was aged 9 on the 1901 Census and living at 9 Low Street, Wickmere, (in the District of Aylsham). His parents are Hebert, (aged 36 and a Horseman on Farm from Matlaske), and Mary A, (aged 39 and from Sheringham). Their other children are Fred, (aged 11), and Richard, (aged 6).
Edward Henry RISEBOROUGH……………………………….........(RoH)
Private 16114. 2nd Bn., Coldstream Guards. Killed in action Saturday 16 September 1916 in France & Flanders. Born Ingham. Lived Aylsham. Enlisted Hertford. Commemorated: THIEPVAL MEMORIAL, Somme, France. Pier and Face 7 D and 8 D.
On Churchyard War Memorial E Riseborough
On Church Memorial board E Riseborough
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1551612
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 3 year old Edward H, born Ingham, is now living at Cawston Road, Aylsham. His parents are James, (aged 26 and a Yardman on Farm from Hempstead), and Mary E. (aged 27 and from Stalham). Their other child is William J, (aged 1 and born Aylsham).
On the Day15th September 1916
“The Guards Division went into action at Ginchy on the 15th September, supported by tanks, but these broke down or stuck in the mud. None of the enemy strongpoints had been silenced, when, for the first and indeed the only time in the regiments history, three Coldstream Battalions, 1st, 2nd and 3rd, advanced together in line.Very heavy losses were sustained against heavy hand fire and artillery, and the dead and the wounded, as they fell, frequently disappeared into the engulfing mud.
The first objectives were seized, but there was a serious hold up on the right flank, and the advance ground to a halt. The main resistance came from a complicated and extensive trench system called the Quadrilateral, from which a withering fire poured forth at the Coldstreamers. However, later in the day, it was penetrated and neutralised by other Guards units, and the Coldstream battalions were able to resume their forward movement. Within an hour the secondary objectives were taken and held, in spite of the most furious resistance. The three Coldstream battalions suffered crippling losses, no less than 40 officers and 1,326 rank and file killed or wounded. The commanding officer of the 3rd Battalion, Lt Col John Campbell, was awarded the Victoria Cross for his gallantry, rallying and encouraging his men with blasts from his hunting horn.
Despite their shattered condition, the Coldstreamers were back in the line within a few days, but were relieved on the 27th when the division was withdrawn for a spell in the general reserve.”
books.google.co.uk/books?id=GzRcQah1ULcC&pg=PA28&...
John T RISEBOROUGH………………………………...................(RoH)
Gunner 606180. 293rd Bty. 1st (Glam.) Bde., Royal Horse Artillery. Died in France & Flanders on Monday 26 February 1917. Age 28. Born Weybourne. Enlisted Marsham. Son of Robert and Martha Riseborough, of Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: DOULLENS COMMUNAL CEMETERY EXTENSION No.1, Somme, France. Ref. III. G. 17.
On Churchyard War Memorial J T Riseborough
On Church Memorial board J T Riseborough
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=83398
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 12 year old John T, born Weybourne, and now also living at Drabblegate, Aylsham. His parents are Robert, (aged 40 and a Blacksmith from Hempstead, Norfolk) and Martha, (aged 36, from Peckham, Norfolk). Their other children are Hilda, (aged 3, born Aylsham), Charles, (aged 10, born Weybourne), Mary, (aged 11, born Weybourne), Maud, (aged 9, born Aylsham), and Sidney, (aged 4, born Aylsham).
Oswald Herbert ROE………………………………....................(RoH)
Private 22993. 20th Bn., Lancashire Fusiliers. Formerly 128540 R.G.A. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Monday 16 April 1917. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Harrow, Middx. Husband of Mrs. M. Roe, of 20, Cornwall Rd., Harrow, Middx. Buried CHAPELLE BRITISH CEMETERY, HOLNON, Aisne, France. Ref. IV. E. 12.
On Churchyard War Memorial O Roe
On Church Memorial board O Roe
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2911925
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 17 year old Oswald is a Drapers Apprentice, living at Cawston Road, Aylsham. His parents are Frederic, (aged 50, and a “Relieving Officer”), and Emily, (aged 52, and from Lockerley, Hampshire). Their other children are Beatrice, (aged 18), Frederic, (aged 23 and a Drapers Warehouseman), and Leonard, (aged 22 and a Solicitors Clerk).
There is a bit more family detail here
1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=443...
George RUDD………………………………..............................(RoH)
Private 1379. 1st/5th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in Gallipoli on Saturday 21 August 1915. Age 21. Born Hardley. Enlisted Aylsham. Son of Henry and Alice Rudd, of 16, Little Paddock St., Norwich. Commemorated: HELLES MEMORIAL, Turkey. Panel 42 to 44.
On Churchyard War Memorial G Rudd
On Church Memorial board G Rudd
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=687981
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 7 year old George who had been born at Hardley was living at Yarmouth Road, Hales by the time of the Census. His parents are Henry, a 40 year old Bricklayer from Rockland St.Mary, and Alice, aged 32 and from Langley. Their other children are Arthur, (aged 11, born Hardley), Charlotte, (aged 1, born Loddon), Ethel, (aged 9, born Hardley), Lilian, (aged 12, born Hardley), and Samuel, (aged 5, born Loddon).
On the day21st August 1915
Having lost over 200 men from the battalion shortly before this on the 12th, the battalion was to lose at least another 36 on this day. There was a trench raid by the Turks on the area were the 1/4ths and 1/5ths were stationed, although it is unclear whether these casualties arose from this action.
user.online.be/~snelders/sand.htm
Charles John RUMP………………………………......................(RoH)
Private 235326. "C Coy 20th Bn., The King's (Liverpool Regiment). Formerly 5283 Yorkshire Regiment. Died Thursday 12 July 1917. Age 37. Born and lived Aylsham. Enlisted Cromer. Only son of Joseph and Harriet Rump, of Aylsham; husband of Mabel Rump, of Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: RECQUES-SUR-HEM CHURCHYARD, Pas de Calais, France. South of church.
On Churchyard War Memorial C Rump
On Church Memorial board C Rump
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2001311
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 20 year old Charles J was employed as a Carpenter, and living at The Market Place, Aylsham, the town where he had been born. His parents are James, (aged 50 and a Gardener (not Domestic)), and Harriet, (aged 46 and from Bury St Edmunds). Also living with the Rump’s are their married daughter Beatrice M Davison, (aged 25), and her husband , James, (aged 29 and a Tailor from Aylsham), and their child, Geoffrey E, (aged 2).
Philip SHEPHEARD……………………………….....................(RoH)
Captain. Essex Regiment. Killed in action Sunday 13 June 1915. Age 31. Son of Philip C. and Pasqua Maria Shepheard, of Aylsham, Norfolk. Commemorated: HELLES MEMORIAL, Turkey. Panel 144 to 150 or 229 to 233.
On Churchyard War Memorial P Shepheard
On Church Memorial board P Shepheard
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=685314
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The only Philip Shepheard on the 1901 Census is at a Boarding School at Old Windsor, Berks, aged 17. Philip doesn’t appear to be on the 1891 Census. There is no match for either parent on the 1901 Census.
On the high level search of the 1911 Census, (ie the free one!), a 27 year Philip is recorded as being on Military Service Overseas. A 72 year Philip Candler Shepheard is recorded in the District of Aylsham, as is a 55 year Maria Pergua Shepheard.
Charles Alfred SKOYLES……………………………….........(RoH)
Gunner 37942. "Q Bty. 5th Bde., Royal Horse Artillery. Killed in action Wednesday 19 July 1916. Age 34. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Stratford E. Son of Thomas and Sarah Skoyles, of Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: LAVENTIE MILITARY CEMETERY, LA GORGUE, Nord, France. Ref. III. C. 22.
On Churchyard War Memorial C A Skoyles
On Church Memorial board C A Skoyles
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=328163
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 19 year old Charles, born Aylsham, is now residing as a Boarder at New North Road, Attleborough, and employed as a Railway Porter. No obvious match on the 1891 Census.
Stephen William STONE………………………………...................(RoH)
Private 325839. 13th Bn., Royal Scots. Formerly 3530 Kings Own Yorkshire Light Infantry. Died of wounds Tuesday 19 February 1918 in France & Flanders. Age 22. Born Hevingham. Lived Aylsham. Enlisted Normanton, Yorks. Son of Maria Eliza and the late Stephen Stone, of Town Lane, Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: TILLOY BRITISH CEMETERY, TILLOY- LES-MOFFLAINES, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. II. A. II.
On Churchyard War Memorial S W Stone
On Church Memorial board S W Stone
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=566360
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is no Stephen matching the RoH\CWGC details, but there is a 5 year old William, born Hevingham and now living at Little London, near Corpusty. His parents are Stephen, (aged 38 and a Navvy on the JC(??) Way, from Hevingham), and Maria, (aged 35 and from Thurgarton). Their other children are Edith, (aged 1, born Saxthorpe), Katie, (aged 11, born Hevingham), and Nellie, (aged 7, born Hevingham).
George Utting TINKLER………………………………...................(RoH)
Private S4/039150. "A Coy., Army Service Corps. Died Sunday 27 August 1916. Age 25. Son of John and Mary Frances Tinkler, of 30, Artist Row, Portland, Dorset. Born at Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: HIPSWELL (ST. JOHN) CHURCHYARD, Yorkshire, United Kingdom. (Not on CD)
On Churchyard War Memorial G Tinkler
On Church Memorial board G Tinkler
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=408964
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is no obvious match on the 1901 Census. There is a 9 year old George born Wigan, Lancashire, and now living at Runton near Erpingham, Norfolk. Georges parents are John, (aged 30 and a Baker \ Confectioner from Norwich), and Mary, (aged 29 and from East Runton). Their other children are Winifred, (aged 8 and born Wigan), and Thomas, (aged 5 and born East Runton).
Frederick TORTICE………………………………..........................(RoH)
Private R/367063. Army Service Corps. Died Monday 18 November 1918. Age 32. Son of Mrs. Eliza Tortice, of Town Lane, Aylsham. Buried: AYLSHAM CEMETERY, Norfolk, United Kingdom. Ref. F. 69.
On Churchyard War Memorial F Tortice
On Church Memorial board F Tortice
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=2802304
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The only Frederick on the 1901 Census was only 5 years old, and therefore too young to match the RoH\CWGC details. However there is a Frederick of the right age on the 1891 Census, living at Drabblegate, Aylsham. His parents were James, (age 36 and an Agricultural Labourer), and Eliza, (age 36 and from Walsingham). Their other children are John H. (aged 18), Robert, (aged 15), Edward, (aged 13), William (aged 10), Thomas, (probably aged 7), and an infant son, aged 1 month.
F TORTICE……………………………….....................................(RoH)
Probably: James Tortice. RiflemanB/200134. 13th Bn., Rifle Brigade. Formerly 5/5372 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action in France & Flanders on Sunday 25 August 1918. Age 34. Born and lived Blickling. Enlisted Norwich. Son of Henry and Jane Tortice, of 37, Silvergate, Blickling, Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: GOMIECOURT SOUTH CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France. Ref. I. F. 6.
On Churchyard War Memorial F Tortice
On Church Memorial board F Tortice
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=569529
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The James referred to on the RoH site was aged 16, employed as a Shoemaker, and living at 37, Silvergate, Blickling. His parents were Henry, (aged 47 and a Shepherd from Aylsham), described as married, although his mother appears to be absent on the night of the Census. Also living with them are James brother, Henry, (aged 21 and a Bricklayer), and sister, May, (aged 24).
NB - there is also a Fred, aged 5, born Aylsham living on Drabblegate. There is a Fred Tortice of unknown age and with no additional information on the CWGC database. He was a Private serving in the Northamptonshire Regiment.
Benjamin Robert TURNER………………………………..............(RoH)
Serjeant 869. 1st/5th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died in Gallipoli on Thursday 12 August 1915. (CD gives date 28 August 1915). Born and lived Aylsham. Commemorated: HELLES MEMORIAL, Turkey. Panel 42 to 44.
On Churchyard War Memorial B Turner
On Church Memorial board B Turner
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=683631
1901 Census The 12 year old Benjamin R. is already employed as a House Decorator. Having been born at Aylsham, he currently resided at Hungate Street. His parents are Benjamin H. (aged 36 and a House Decorator), and Mary A. (aged 36 and from Barningham Parva). Their other children are Alice M, (under 1), Charlotte, (aged 4), Herbert J, (aged 2), Maggie, (aged 10), Mary L, (aged 6), Miriam, (aged 11), and Ruth, (aged 7).
On the dayThis is the date associated with the “disappearance” of the 1st/5ths - at least in popular mythology.
user.online.be/~snelders/sand.htm
www.drdavidclarke.co.uk/vanbat.htm
Ralph John WADE……………………………….........................(RoH)
(There is a picture on the Roll of Honour site which notes that he died of Enteric Fever at the Alexandra Hospital)
Private 2063. 1st/5th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Died Wednesday 13 October 1915. Age 21. Born and enlisted Aylsham. Son of Harry R. and Leah Wade, of Penfold St., Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: ALEXANDRIA (CHATBY) MILITARY AND WAR MEMORIAL CEMETERY, Egypt. Ref. D. 52.
On Churchyard War Memorial Ralph Wade
On Church Memorial board Ralph Wade
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=110066
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 6 year old Ralph was born at Aylsham, and at the time of the census was living at Penfold Street. His parents are Harry Wade, (aged 39 and a Whitesmith), and Leah, (aged 41 and from Booton). Their other children are Agenes, (aged 10), Charles (aged 9), Fred, (aged 4), Gertrude, (aged 1), and Harvey, (aged 3). The Wades also have a live-in servant.
Frederick Charles WARNE………………………………...................(RoH)
Gunner 102505. 265th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Killed in action Saturday 28 July 1917. Born and lived Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Buried: DICKEBUSCH NEW MILITARY CEMETERY EXTENSION, Ieper, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Ref. I. B. 1.
On Churchyard War Memorial F Warne
On Church Memorial board F Warne
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=442406
Norlink norlink.norfolk.gov.uk/02_Catalogue/02_013_PictureTitleIn...
1901 Census The 6 year old Frederick C. was living at The Feathers Inn, Cawston Road, Aylsham. His parents were George, (aged 47 and a Licensed Victualler from Hempnall, Norfolk), and Susanna, (age 43 and from Foulsham). Their other children are Alfred J, (aged 11), Beatrice M A, (aged under 1), Christiana D, (aged 10), George J, (aged 13 and a Carpenters Apprentice), Harriet E. (aged 8), Susanna H (age 4), and William W, (age 15 and an Ironmongers Apprentice). All the children were born at Aylsham.
Abraham WATSON………………………………..............................(RoH)
Private 28203. 11th Bn., Essex Regiment. Killed in action Saturday 14 July 1917. Age 29. Born and lived Aylsham. Enlisted Cromer. Husband of Agnes Mary Jane Watson, of Unicorn Yard, Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: MAROC BRITISH CEMETERY, Nord, France. Ref. II. F. 13.
On Churchyard War Memorial A Watson
On Church Memorial board A Watson
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=523687
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census the 14 year old Abraham, working as a Farm Labourer, was born at Antingham, but living at The Rookery, Aylsham by the time of the census. His parents were Edward, (aged 53 and an Ordinary Agricultural Labourer from Sco Ruston), and Mary, (age 50 and from Coltishall). Their other children are Archer, (aged 16, an Ordinary Agricultural Labourer, born Brumstead), Claud, (aged 12, born Aylsham), and Ernest, (aged 8, born Aylsham).
Ernest Fountain Thomas WILLIAMSON…………………………….(RoH)
Lance Corporal 18900. 7th Bn., Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Friday 4 May 1917. Age 29. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Norwich. Son of James and Sarah Williamson, of Penfold St., Aylsham; husband of Ethel E. E. Scarfe (formerly Williamson), of Matlaske, Aldborough, Norwich. Commemorated: ARRAS MEMORIAL, Pas de Calais, France. Bay 3
On Churchyard War Memorial E Williamson
On Church Memorial board E Williamson
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=774465
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 14 year old Ernest was working as an Errand Boy and living at Hungate Street, Aylsham. His parents are James, (aged 39 and an Agricultural Labourer), and Sarah, (aged 37 and from Edgefield). Their other children are Arthur, (aged 5), George, (aged 3), James, (aged 10), Olive, (aged 1), Otto, (aged 12, and an Errand Boy), Phyllis, (aged 16, a Domestic Servant, born Edgefield), and Thomas, (aged 7).
On the DayThe Division of which 7th Norfolks were part were engaged in the Third Battle of the Scarpe (3rd - 4th May 1917).A preliminary attack on the left by 36th Brigade in the early hours of 2 May, including a gas barrage fired by Livens projectors, was not entirely successful but apparently caused considerable casualties to the enemy. The main attack was of mixed fortune, although 7th Royal Sussex reached the objective and then beat off determined counter attacks. Once again, German shellfire was the primary cause of problems and and heavy machine gun fire from Roeux caused many casualties. Shellfire was heavy over the next few days and the uncertain position of the advanced troops in Devil's Trench meant that British artillery was cautious in replying on German trenches.
Sidney WILSON………………………………...............................(RoH)
Private 18001. 1st Bn., Northamptonshire Regiment. Formerly 16751 Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action Sunday 9 May 1915. Age 32. Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. Wilson, of Millgate St., Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: LE TOURET MEMORIAL, Pas de Calais, France. Panel 28 to 30.
On Churchyard War Memorial S Wilson
On Church Memorial board S Wilson
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1564184
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census There is a 17 year old Sidney who was born in Aylsham, and at the time of the Census was working as a Bakers Assistant and living on Town Lane, Aylsham. His parents were John, (aged 40 and a General Porter from Ingworth), and Fanny, (aged 38 and from Brampton). Their children are Bertie, (aged 4), George, (aged 11 and employed as a Bakers Assistant), Herbert, (aged 1), and Sarah, (aged 10).
On the DayThe Battle of Aubers took place on this day. The 1st Northants were one of the two lead assault battalions of the southern pincer intended to surround Neuve Chappelle and assist the French in seizing Vimy Ridge. The German’s were well prepared while the artillery ammunition and gun shortage were taking a toll on how much firepower the British could bring to bear. Even while the final barrage was taking place and British troops tried to advance behind it, the German machine gunners kept on firing, taking a very heavy toll. Even when they were able to find the few gaps in the wire, the bunched up soldiers were a perfect target, and the few that made it through were easily dealt with. The casualties for the 1st Northants by the end of the day is 560, of which 17 are officers.
Albert Edward WINTERBORN………………………………............(RoH)
Private G/21220. 7th Bn., The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regt.) Formerly 27597 Middlesex Regiment. Killed in action Monday 1 April 1918. Age 36. Husband of Hannah Winterborn, of Brandon Rd., Watton, Thetford, Norfolk. Commemorated: POZIERES MEMORIAL, Somme, France. Panel 14 and 15.
On Churchyard War Memorial A Winterborn
On Church Memorial board A Winterborn
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=851496
Norlink
norlink.norfolk.gov.uk/02_Catalogue/02_013_PictureTitleIn...
(Norlink notes:- Private Winterborn was born in Aylsham on 11th October 1882, and educated in Aylsham. He enlisted on 3rd May 1916, and was killed in action in France on 1st April 1918)
1901 Census The 18 year old Albert is recorded as a Coach Painters Apprentice. He was born at Aylsham and at the time of the Census lives at Mill Road, Aylsham. His Parents are George, (aged 60 and a Mill Wright), and Annie, (aged 52 and from Holme Hale). The 1891 census confirms he is an Albert E.
On the day7th Queens, as part of the 18th (Eastern) Division had taken part in the fighting retreat in the face of the German Spring Offensive which by the 1st April was starting to run out of steam.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_Offensive
(Also recorded on the Rockland St Peter Roll of Honour)
C H WOOD………………………………........................................(RoH)
No further information available at present.
On Churchyard War Memorial C H Wood
On Church Memorial board C H Wood
CWGC
19 Possible matches for C H Wood alone, none with any obvious link even to Norfolk.
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census No obvious links, although there is a Charles H, (aged 16) and a John, (aged 14),
both born Frettenham and both of whom no longer live with their parents - Charles is an Assistant Draper at Harvey&Nicholls Drapery in Chelsea, and lives in the shop, and John is training to be a seaman at Birkenhead. My guess would be that they were brothers and had been orphaned.
J H WOOD………………………………........................................(RoH)
No further information available at present.
On Churchyard War Memorial J H Wood
On Church Memorial board J H Wood
CWGC
38 Possible matches for J H Wood, none with any obvious link even to Norfolk
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census See C H Wood above.
James Emmanuel WYMER………………………………................(RoH)
[WYNLER on the CD.] Private 41492. 19th Bn., Northumberland Fusiliers, Tyneside Pioneers. Formerly 24952 West Yorkshire Regiment. Died of wounds in France & Flanders on Saturday 13 April 1918. Age 25. Born Aylsham. Enlisted Leeds. Son of John and Elizabeth Ann Wymer, of Aylsham, Norfolk. Buried: DOULLENS COMMUNAL CEMETERY EXTENSION No.1, Somme, France. Ref. VI. B. 26.
On Churchyard War Memorial J E Wymer
On Church Memorial board J E Wymer
CWGC www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=83712
Norlink No archive items.
1901 Census The 8 year old James is listed at Drabblegate, Aylsham. His parents are John, (aged 40 and a Traction Engine Driver from Banningham), and Elizabeth, (aged 40 and from Felmingham). Their other children are Ethel, (aged 10), Maggie, (aged 2), Martha, (aged 14) and William, (aged 5).
[crosseye stereograph, see 3D with your right eye on the left image, and left on right.]
LOS ANGELES METROPOLITAN TRANSIT AUTHORITY #1543
These were the "Blimp Cars" of the high speed Interurban, multiple unit, electric trains of Southern California's Pacific Electric, the famous "Big Red Cars". This car made it's last run April 6.1961, from Los Angeles, 6th and Main (where now stands a bus terminal) to Long Beach, CA at Ocean and Long Beach Blvd. just a block from The Pike. There was an elevated wooden trestle that allowed it to bridge dense downtown automotive traffic, then it came down to street level just short of Alameda and curved South to Long Beach Avenue. When it got to Clement's Junction (Washington Street) the roadbed opened up to four tracks, on the outside was the South and North bound Local Service using smaller cars. The interior pair of the four track sets was reserved for strings of these heavy, high speed electric commuter trains. The private right of way was four tracks through Watts and down to Long Beach Blvd., where these cars would then ride down the center of the street to downtown Long Beach. Another line branched from the end of four track operation at Willow, and rocked on down to Electric Avenue in Seal Beach, past Signal Hill, the Lagoon and Alamitos Bay.
The curious round windows on the end earned the cars their nickname and were the portholes for the motorman operator.
The wind up knob to the left of the end door was attached by rope to the hot shoe end of the trolly pole pickup the operator could open the door and adjust the pole or reel it in and let up the one on the other end to change direction, the end doors were for train crew only and were not used to communicate passengers between cars.
dsc04407, 2008:04:27 14:11:46, 3D, Los Angeles, Griffith Park, Travel Town, MTA #1543 Metropolitan Transit Authority, Pacific Electric "Big Red Car" Interurban, Green Livery of 1961 - Long Beach "Balloon Car" or "Blimp"
dsc04407
Emperador Galba
Galba
68 - 69 A. D.
Servius Sulpicius Galba
See more about Galba at classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/galba.html
or www.answers.com/topic/galba
Round Room, built by Michelangelo Simonetti in the late 18th century in a pure Neo-classical style. The dome is actually modelled on the Pantheon and has a diameter of 21.60 metres. A huge round monolithic porphyry basin stands in the middle of the room: it measures almost five metres across, comes from the Domus Aurea and was brought here in the late 18th century. A 2nd century Hercules in gilded bronze found near the Theatre of Pompey and a 3rd century mosaic from the Baths of Otricoli (region Umbria) are also fascinating.
The Museum Chiaramonti was founded by Pope Pio VII° Chiaramonti (1800-1823) and it is constituted by the Gallery Chiaramonti, the Lapidary Gallery and the New Wing.
The Museum Pio Clementino owes its name to Pope Clemente XIV° (1769-1775) and to his successor Pope Pio VI° (1775-1799) and it is formed by the Bathroom of the Apoxyomenos, the Octagonal courtyard of the Belvedere, the Bathroom of Apollo, of Laocoonte, of Hermes and from that of Perseo, the Room of the Animals, the Gallery of the Statues and the Busts, the Bathroom of the Masks, the Room of the Muses, the Round Room and the Room of the Greek Cross.
After entering the vatican and having bought the tickets you start this magic trip along the galleries of the XVIII century towards back to the centuries and you will end directly to the famous chapel frescoed by Michelangelo and Botticelli with Bible episodes.
Emperador Galba
Encontrada en los alrededores de las murallas Aurelianas cerca de la Santa Croce di Gerusalemme en 1776. Sala Redonda. Museo Pío-Clementino. Museos Vaticanos.
Los Museos Vaticanos son las galerías y demás estancias de valor artístico propiedad de la Iglesia y accesibles al público en la Ciudad del Vaticano. Muestran obras de una extensa colección de la Iglesia Católica Romana. Su base fundacional fue la colección privada de Julio II, que fue elegido papa en el año 1503; más tarde otros papas han ido aumentando las extensas colecciones de que constan estos museos. Este conjunto museístico se compone de diferentes edificios de museos temáticos, edificios pontificios, galerías, monumentos y jardines. A este conjunto de edificios también pertenece la Biblioteca Vaticana, una de las mejores del mundo.
El origen de los museos vaticanos se configuró a partir de las obras de arte que de manera privada tenía el cardenal Giuliano della Rovere, que cuando fue escogido papa en 1503, con el nombre de Julio II, trasladó su colección al patio del Palacio Belvedere de Inocencio VIII en un gran jardín que se adornó con algunas esculturas, hoy conocido bajo el nombre de Patio Octógono: el Apolo de Belvedere, la Venus Feliz, el Río Nilo, el Río Tíber, la Ariadna dormida y el grupo de Laocoonte y sus hijos, escultura encontrada el 14 de enero de 1506 en la Domus Aurea de Nerón, en la colina romana del Esquilino; fue el arquitecto Giuliano da Sangallo el que identificó la escultura que la adquirió el papa Julio II. Se construyeron nuevos edificios y también pasadizos junto con galerías para unirlos con otros, anteriormente edificados; con el paso del tiempo y el acceso al poder de nuevos papas, se fueron desarrollando y ampliando hasta formar los actuales museos.
Los fondos de arte también fueron creciendo gracias a la tradición de las grandes familias italianas de formar colecciones, ya que estas familias eran las que tenían entre sus miembros cardenales que llegaban al pontificado. Por otro lado, las colecciones de obras de arte se enriquecieron y aumentaron gracias a todos los tesoros de las catacumbas romanas, las obras de la Basílica de San Pedro y de las de San Juan de Letrán, así como de todas las excavaciones arqueológicas realizadas en suelo romano, ya que los terrenos donde está situada la Ciudad del Vaticano, fueron ocupados por los etruscos y posteriormente por el Imperio Romano en tiempos de Augusto. En esta zona llamada Jardines de Nerón sufrió martirio san Pedro, y Constantino I el Grande, después de su conversión al cristianismo, hizo construir una basílica hacia el año 326.
La gran etapa constructiva del Vaticano se inició en 1447 con el papa Nicolás V que encargó al arquitecto Bernardo Rossellino el diseño de la nueva basílica de San Pedro y al pintor Fra Angelico la decoración de la capilla Nicolina; fue el fundador de la Biblioteca Vaticana. Sixto IV, en 1471, hizo construir una nueva capilla, la Sixtina, con la decoración pictórica de diversos artistas, entre ellos Sandro Botticelli y Pietro Perugino. En el antiguo palacio de Inocencio VIII, se construyó como acceso a las plantas superiores, desde un extremo del jardín de Belvedere, una rampa helicoidal diseñada por Donato Bramante, que la realizó en la época de Julio II ( hacia el 1505), con un punto de fuga único en la parte superior entre las columnas que son sucesivamente dóricas, jónicas y corintias, con una forma cilíndrica vacía, que van perdiendo grueso y aceleran la sensación de acceso. El papa Benedicto XIV en el año 1740, reorganizó las nuevas salas de los museos Sacro y Profano así como el gabinete de Medallas. Se crearon después los museos Pio-Clementino, proyectado por los papas Clemente XIV y su sucesor Pio VI durante la época de sus papados, comprendida entre los años 1769 y 1799.
La ilustración y los descubrimientos arqueológicos de Johann Joachim Winckelmann, nombrado conservador de las antigüedades romanas y bibliotecario del Vaticano en 1756, dieron como resultado un gran impulso para la exposición de las grandes colecciones que poseía el Vaticano; a partir de entonces y sin interrupción se hicieron trabajos de catalogación para la exposición pública de sus fondos. El siguiente papa, Pio VII, en 1800 encargó a Antonio Canova la organización del museo que lleva su nombre: Museo Chiaramonti, creando la primera sección de la pinacoteca. Fue en 1837 cuando Gregorio XVI inauguró el Museo Gregoriano Etrusco; poco después se fundó el Museo Gregoriano Egipcio (1839). Se fundó también en el Palacio de Letrán el Museo Gregoriano Profano (1844).
A partir de 1870, con el fin del Estado Pontificio, se reorganizó la exposición de las obras de arte en la Iglesia Católica y se tomaron nuevas medidas para afrontar los siguientes años, hasta que pasados 60 años comenzó a haber cambios significativos.
Pío XI en 1932 abrió la Pinacoteca, en la que expuso cuadros sustraídos por Napoleón con el Tratado de Tolentino (1797) y devueltos a raíz del Congreso de Viena (1815) y otras obras de la colección del Vaticano. Se fundó además el museo Misionero-Etnológico (Pío XI, 1927). Unas décadas después se trasladaron al Vaticano las antiguas colecciones lateranenses: los museos Gregoriano Profano y Pío Cristiano (1970) y el Museo Misionero-Etnológico (1973),con los nuevos criterios de renovación del Concilio Vaticano II, en 1973, se fundó la colección de Arte Religioso Moderno bajo el pontificado de Pablo VI así como también el Museo de las Carrozas.[7] También se reorganizaron los museos Gregoriano Egipcio (1989, 2000) y gregoriano Etrusco (1992, 1994, 1996). En esta reorganización se puede también incluir la creación del Museo Histórico, que posteriormente sería dividido en 1985, teniendo su sede en el Palacio de Letrán.
En febrero del año 2000 se inauguró la entrada monumental, en el fuerte norte de las murallas vaticanas, cerca de la antigua entrada realizada en 1932 por Giuseppe Momo con una escalera de caracol en rampa, cuya balaustrada fue diseñada por Antonio Maraini y que actualmente sirve de salida del museo.
Text courtesy of Ultimatecarpage.com:
www.ultimatecarpage.com/car/2422/Alfa-Romeo-8C-2900B-Cort...
First introduced in the 8C 2300, the Vittorio Jano designed eight cylinder engine scored at least one victory in every major race and championship. In its initial 1931 configuration, the engine displaced 2336 cc, it grew gradually to 2905 cc, primarily by increasing the stroke. The engine was created by mounting two alloy blocks of four cylinders on a single crankcase. On top of the two blocks an alloy head was installed, housing two camshafts. Aspiration was forced, through two Roots-Type Superchargers.
Although the engine increased in size throughout its career, its layout and auxiliaries remained very much similar to Jano's 1931 design. One of the best known racing cars powered by the 8 cylinder engine was the Tipo B or P3 of 1932, which is to date considered as one of the finest Grand Prix racers ever constructed. Run by Enzo Ferrari's Scuderia Ferrari, the Alfa Romeos were almost unbeatable.
From its 1931 introduction, the 8C 2300 took four straight victories in the 24 Hours of Le Mans, driven by talented drivers like Tazio Nuvolari and Luigi Chinetti. Tazio Nuvolari's brilliance was even more visible when driving the P3, the first single seater racer ever. The P3 was unbeaten in 1933, but eventually succumbed to defeat by the greater budgets being spent by Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union.
With the rise of the German Grand Prix teams, Alfa Romeo focused more of its attention on sportscar and road racing. Designed specifically for Italy's most legendary road race, the Mille Miglia, was the 8C 2900. Much like the contemporary Grand Prix racers, the 8C 2900 featured all-round independent suspension, with wishbones at the front and swing-axles at the rear. Installed in the chassis was a 220 bhp version of the 2.9 litre eight cylinder engine.
A total of six of these road racers, later known as 8C 2900A, were constructed. Three of these were entered in the 1936 running of the Mille Miglia. The new cars were immediately successful and occupied the first three places at the finish with the Brivio and Ongaro driven 8C on top. A year later a second victory was scored. With the winning cars as a base, a road going customer version was constructed. Dubbed 8C 2900B, the road car featured a de-tuned engine, but other than that is very similar to the racer.
Two versions were available, the 2800 mm short wheelbase (Corto) and 3000 mm long wheelbase (Lungo) versions. Most of these were sent to Touring to be fitted with Berlinetta, Spyder and Roadster bodies. With its competition chassis and high top speed it was faster and quicker than anything its competition had to offer. Due to its high price, only a very few of these supercars were constructed (10 Lungo and 20 Corto chassis).
Being very similar to the competition 8C 2900A, it came as no surprise the 8C 2900B was used as a racer as well. To suit this purpose Alfa Romeo constructed a further 13 8C 2900B chassis fitted with the 220 bhp engine. Many of these were fitted with roadster bodies and were competed in road races like the Mille Miglia. After the two 8C 2900A victories in 1936 and 1937, another two victories were scored by the 8C 2900B in 1938 and 1947. No other Alfa Romeo has scored as many 'MM' victories as the 8C 2900.
This Lego miniland-scale Alfa Romeo 8C 2900B Touring Spider has been created for Flickr LUGNuts 76th build Challenge, - "Viva Italia", - celebrating all things automotive and Italian.
el.godfootsteps.org/videos/knocking-at-the-door-movie.html
Εισαγωγή
Ελληνική Χριστιανική ταινία «χτυπώντας την πόρτα» Ο Κύριος Ιησούς χτυπά την πόρτα της καρδιάς μου
Ο Κύριος Ιησούς είπε: «Εν τω μέσω δε της νυκτός έγεινε κραυγή· Ιδού, ο νυμφίος έρχεται, εξέλθετε εις απάντησιν αυτού». (κατά Ματθαίον 25:6). «Ιδού, ίσταμαι εις την θύραν και κρούω· εάν τις ακούση της φωνής μου και ανοίξη την θύραν, θέλω εισέλθει προς αυτόν και θέλω δειπνήσει μετ’ αυτού και αυτός μετ’ εμού». (Αποκάλυψη 3:20). Κατά τα τελευταία δύο χιλιάδες χρόνια, εκείνοι που πιστεύουν στον Κύριο είναι σε επαγρύπνηση και περιμένουν τον Κύριο να κρούσει τη θύρα, άρα πώς Εκείνος θα κρούσει τη θύρα της ανθρωπότητας όταν επιστρέψει; Κατά τις έσχατες ημέρες, κάποιοι άνθρωποι έχουν επιμαρτυρήσει ότι ο Κύριος Ιησούς έχει επιστρέψει – ως ο ενσαρκωμένος Παντοδύναμος Θεός – και ότι εκτελεί το έργο της κρίσεως κατά τις έσχατες ημέρες. Αυτή η είδηση έχει ταράξει ολόκληρο τον θρησκευτικό κόσμο.
Η Γιανγκ Αϊγκουάνγκ, η πρωταγωνίστρια της ταινίας, πιστεύει στον Κύριο εδώ και δεκαετίες και έχει ήδη αρχίσει να εργάζεται και να κηρύσσει τον λόγο Του με ενθουσιασμό, περιμένοντας να υποδεχθεί την επιστροφή του Κυρίου. Μια μέρα, έρχονται δύο άνθρωποι και κρούουν τη θύρα, λένε στη Γιανγκ Αϊγκουάνγκ και στον σύζυγό της ότι ο Κύριος Ιησούς έχει επιστρέψει και μοιράζονται τον λόγο του Παντοδύναμου Θεού μαζί τους. Εκείνοι συγκινούνται βαθιά από τον λόγο του Παντοδύναμου Θεού, αλλά, επειδή η Γιανγκ Αϊγκουάνγκ έχει βιώσει την πλάνη, την εξαπάτηση και τις απαγορεύσεις των παστόρων και των πρεσβυτέρων, πετάει τους μάρτυρες της Εκκλησίας του Παντοδύναμου Θεού έξω από το σπίτι. Στη συνέχεια, οι μάρτυρες κρούουν τη θύρα τους πολλές φορές και διαβάζουν τον λόγο του Παντοδύναμου Θεού στη Γιανγκ Αϊγκουάνγκ, γινόμενοι μάρτυρες του έργου του Θεού των εσχάτων ημερών. Κατά την ίδια περίοδο, ο πάστορας ενοχλεί και εμποδίζει επανειλημμένα τη Γιανγκ Αϊγκουάνγκ, με αποτέλεσμα αυτή να συνεχίζει να αμφιταλαντεύεται. Ωστόσο, καθώς ακούει τον λόγο του Παντοδύναμου Θεού, η Γιανγκ Αϊγκουάνγκ καταλήγει να κατανοήσει την αλήθεια και καταφέρνει να κρίνει σωστά τις φήμες και τις πλάνες που διαδίδονται από τους πάστορες και τους πρεσβυτέρους. Τελικά, καταλαβαίνει με ποιον τρόπο ο Κύριος κρούει τις θύρες των ανθρώπων κατά την επιστροφή Του στις έσχατες ημέρες και πώς θα πρέπει να Τον υποδεχτεί η ίδια. Όταν καθαρίζει η «ομίχλη», η Γιανγκ Αϊγκουάνγκ ακούει επιτέλους τη φωνή του Θεού και αναγνωρίζει ότι ο Παντοδύναμος Θεός είναι πράγματι η επιστροφή του Κυρίου Ιησού!
Δευτέρα Παρουσία
«Πηγή εικόνας: Εκκλησία του Παντοδύναμου Θεού»
Όροι Χρήσης： el.godfootsteps.org/disclaimer.html
www.blouseroumaine.com/orderthebook_p1.html
Maria Cebotari (Ciubotaru, Cebotaru), Countess Alexandre Wyruboff, Frau Gustav Diessl), (b. 1910 – d. 1949), Soprano, Theatre and Film Actress, Exile in Germany and Austria
"Blouse Roumaine - the Unsung Voices of Romanian Women"
Presented and Selected by Constantin ROMAN
Anthology E-BOOK (11BM)
DISTRIBUTION: Online with credit card
COST: $ 54.99, £34.99 (ca Euros 35.50)
LINK: www.blouseroumaine.com/orderthebook_p1.html
CONTENTS:
2,250,000 words,
over 1,000 pages,
ca 160 illustrations in text
160 critical biographies,
58 social categories/professions,
600 quotations (mostly translated into English for the first time),
circa 3,000 bibliographical references (including URLs and credits)
6 Indexes (alphabetical, by profession, timeline, quotation Index, place
index and name index)
AUTHOR: Constantin Roman is a Scholar with a Doctorate from Cambridge and a Member of the Society of Authors (London). He is an International Adviser, Guest Speaker, Professor Honoris Causa and Commander of the Order of Merit.
INDEX BY PROSFESSION: 58 CATEGORIES by Call, Profession or Social Status
Academics (22), Actresses (9), Anti-Communist Fighters (14), Architects/Interior Designers (2), Art Critics (9), Artist Book Binders (1), Ballerinas (6), Charity Workers/Benefactors (20), Communist Public Figures (2), Courtesans (3), Designers (2), Diplomats (4), Essayists (11), Ethnographers (6), Exiles & First-generation Romanians born abroad (87), Explorers (1), Feminists (12), Folk Singers (1), Gymnasts, Dressage Riders (2), Historians (5), Honorary Romanian Women (15), Illustrators (3), Journalists (13), Lawyers (4), Librarians (3), Linguists (2), Literary Critics (1), Media (15), Medical Doctors/Nurses (5), Memoir Writers (16), Missionaries and Nuns (4), Mountainéers (2), Museographers (1), Musical Instruments Makers (1), Novelists (24), Opera Singers (16), Painters (14), Peasant Farmers (6), Philosophers and Philosophy Graduates (4), Pianists (6), Pilots (4), Playwrights (5), Poets (29), Political Prisoners (30), Politicians (5), Revolutionaries (2), Royals and Aristocrats (34), Scientists (8), Sculptors (4), Slave (1), Socialites/Hostesses (20), Spouses/Relations of Public Figures (51), Spies (2), Tapestry Weavers (4), Translators (25), Unknown Illustrious (6), Violinists (4), Workers (3)
NOTE:
Most of the above 160 Romanian women, in the best tradition of versatility, are true polymaths and therefore nearly each one of them falls in more than just one category, often three or more. This explains why adding the numbers of the 57 individual categories bears no relation to the actual total of the above 160 women included in Blouse Roumaine.
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LIST OF 160 CRITICAL BIOGRAPHIES (each supported by Quotations and Bibliography)
AA *Gabriela Adamesteanu *Florenta Albu *Nina Arbore *Elena Arnàutoiu *Ioana Raluca Voicu-Arnàutoiu, *Laurentia Arnàutoiu *Mariea Plop - Arnàutoiu *Ana Aslan *Lady Elizabeth Asquith Bibescu
BB *Lauren Bacall *Lady Florence Baker *Zoe Bàlàceanu *Ecaterina Bàlàcioiu-Lovinescu *Victorine de Bellio *Pss. Marta Bibescu *Adriana Bittel *Maria Prodan Bjørnson *Ana Blandiana *Yvonne Blondel *Lola Bobescu *Smaranda Bràescu *Elena Bràtianu *Élise Bràtianu *Ioana Bràtianu *Elena Bràtianu- Racottà *Letitzia Bucur
CC *Anne-Marie Callimachi *Georgeta Cancicov *Madeleine Cancicov *Pss. Alexandra Cantacuzino *Pss.Maria Cantacuzino (Madame Puvis de Chavannes) *Pss. Maruca Cantacuzino-Enesco* Pss. Catherine Caradja *Elena Caragiani-Stoenescu *Marta Caraion-Blanc, *Nina Cassian, *Otilia Cazimir *Elena Ceausescu *Maria Cebotari *Ioana Celibidache *Hélène Chrissoveloni (Mme Paul Morand)*Alice Cocea *Irina Codreanu *Lizica Codreanu *Alina Cojocaru *Nadia Comàneci *Denisa Comànescu *Lena Constante *Silvia Constantinescu *Doina Cornea *Hortense Cornu *Viorica Cortez*Otilia Cosmutzà *Sandra Cotovu *Ileana Cotrubas *Carmen-Daniela Cràsnaru *Mioara Cremene *Florica Cristoforeanu *Pss. Elena Cuza
DD *Hariclea Darclée *Cella Delavrancea *Alina Diaconú *Varinca Diaconú *Anca Diamandy *Marie Ana Dràgescu *Rodica Dràghincescu *Bucura Dumbravà *Natalia Dumitrescu
EE *Micaela Eleutheriade *Queen Elisabeth of Romania (‘Carmen Sylva’) *Alexandra Enescu *Mica Ertegün
FF *Lizi Florescu, *Maria Forescu *Nicoleta Franck *Aurora Fúlgida
GG *Angela Gheorghiu *Pss Grigore Ghica *Pss. Georges Ghika (Liane de Pougy) *Veturia Goga *Maria Golescu *Nadia Gray *Olga Greceanu *Pss. Helen of Greece *Nicole Valéry-Grossu *Carmen Groza
HH *Virginia Andreescu Haret *Clara Haskil *Lucia Hossu-Longin
II *Pss. Ileana of Romania *Ana Ipàtescu *Marie-France Ionesco *Dora d’Istria *Rodica Iulian
JJ *Doina Jela *Lucretia Jurj
KK *Mite Kremnitz
LL *Marie-Jeanne Lecca *Madeleine Lipatti *Monica Lovinescu *Elena Lupescu
MM *Maria Mailat *Ileana Màlàncioiu *Ionela Manolesco *Lilly Marcou *Silvia Marcovici *Queen Marie of Romania *Ioana A. Marin *Ioana Meitani *Gabriela Melinescu *Veronica Micle *Nelly Miricioiu *Herta Müller *Alina Mungiu-Pippidi *Agnes Kelly Murgoci
NN *Mabel Nandris *Anita Nandris-Cudla *Lucia Negoità *Mariana Nicolesco *Countess Anna de Noailles *Ana Novac
OO *Helen O’Brien *Oana Orlea
PP *Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu *Milita Pàtrascu *Ana Pauker *Marta Petreu *Cornelia Pillat *Magdalena Popa *Elvira Popescu
RR *Ruxandra Racovitzà *Elisabeta Rizea *Eugenia Roman *Stella Roman *Queen Ana de România, *Pss. Margarita de România *Maria Rosetti *Elisabeth Roudinesco
SS *Annie Samuelli *Sylvia Sidney *Henriette-Yvonne Stahl *Countess Leopold Starszensky *Elena Stefoi *Pss. Marina Stirbey *Sanda Stolojan *Cecilia Cutzescu-Storck
TT *Maria Tànase *Aretia Tàtàrescu *Monica Theodorescu *Elena Theodorini
UU *Viorica Ursuleac
VV *Elena Vàcàrescu *Leontina Vàduva *Ana Velescu *Marioara Ventura *Anca Visdei *Wanda Sachelarie Vladimirescu *Alice Steriade Voinescu
WW *Sabina Wurmbrand
ZZ *Virginia Zeani
That's Michael Vick carrying the ball...
Note: this photo was published as an illustration in a Sep 2009 Squidoo blog titled "New York Jets." It was also published in an Oct 13, 2009 Philadelphia Weekly blog titled Vick's Penance Pagent." And it was published in a Nov 10, 2009 blog titled "How to Find Cheap Airfare to the Super Bowl." It was also published in a June 1, 2010 Canadian Airport reservation blog , with the same title as the caption that I used on this Flickr page. It was also published in an undated (Oct 2010) Lens BH blog titled "Using Security Camera at Schools and Universities." For no obvious reason at all, the photo was also published in a Nov 8, 2010 "Dating Soulmates" blog titled "What are some safety tips to give a Senior Citizen who wants to go on internet dating sites?", as well as an undated (mid-Nov 2010) "Dating Soulmates" blog titled "Do You want to Meet Your Innovative Soulmate?"
Moving into 2011, the photo was published in a Jan 7, 2011 "Digital Journal" blog titled "TopFinds: The missing Hotmail emails, strange animals deaths." And it was published in an Apr 4, 2011 blog titled "Q&A: Question’s On Signing Up for Sports I’ve Never Played Before?"
Moving into 2013, the photo was published in a Jan 28, 2013 blog titled "Where to Watch the Super Bowl." It was also published in a Feb 15, 2013 blog titled "The NFL Will Not Exist in 20 Years, Period." And it was published in a Sep 10, 2013 blog titled "The NFL Wrap: Awesome Philadelphia Eagles offense, Giants try out new RBs." It was also published in a Sep 26, 2013 blog titled "SEC Charges Florida 'Boiler Room' Company Touting Laser Green-Line First Down Markers For NFL."
Moving into 2014, the photo was published in a Sep 30, 2014 blog titled "FCC Thumbs Nose at NFL, Votes Unanimously to End Protectionist Sports Blackout Rule ."
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I'm somewhat embarrassed to admit that, until last night, I had never been to a professional football game in my life. Baseball, basketball, and tennis: yes, of course. High-school and college football games: sure, though that was a long time ago. Indeed, the last college football game I watched (in person) was in the mid-60s, when I was invited to the annual Harvard-Yale game by a Radcliffe student I had begun dating -- a development to which my MIT college roommate reacted, in shock, by howling, "Radcliffe? You're dating a Cliffie? She must be a pig!" After which he pulled out his flute, every time he thought she might be present when he returned to our off-campus apartment, and played "Old McDonald Had a Farm" until he collapsed in gales of laughter on the stairwell. Highly inaccurate, I hasten to note, and totally unfair. But I digress...
Anyway, a freelance writer, Mitch Ligon (whose photo you can see here in one of my Flickr sets), invited me to accompany him last night to the New York Jets - Philadelphia Eagles game out in the New Jersey Meadowlands -- another first-time experience. I was given a photographer's press pass, which gave me access to the locker rooms, press box, various other "inner sanctum" locations ... and, most important, the football field itself. I was given a red jersey to wear, told to stay outside the yellow dashed lines that ring the field, and turned loose for the evening. I felt somewhat inadequate, because I knew that the "real" professional photographers would be equipped with high-cameras and monstrous telephoto lenses beyond anything I had ever touched, or could possibly afford; and even though my Nikon D300 and 70-300mm zoom lens is fairly respectable in amateur circles, I had no idea if I would be able to take any decent photos at all...
The other problem is that I know little or nothing about the nuances of football, beyond the obvious fact that the quarterback either passes the ball, or hands off to someone who attempts to run the ball downfield. Punts and field-goal kicks are also a familiar concept, but if you don't have a good anticipatory sense of who is about to do what to whom, it's easy to miss the "moment" when the perfect shot might be available. Also, I didn't really know anything about the players, aside from the respective star quarterbacks: Philadelphia's controversial Michael Vick, and New York's newly-named starting quarterback, Mark Sanchez. I had looked at the team rosters on the Internet before the game, so at least I knew their jersey numbers (#6 for Sanchez, and #7 for Vick, as you'll see in the photos) -- but the "action" was often so far away (at the other end of the field) that I couldn't tell whether the starting quarterback, or one of the substitutes, was making the plays.
Nevertheless, by the beginning of the second quarter I was feeling a little more comfortable -- if only because I found it easy to follow along behind the other professional photographers as they marched (or ran) from one end of the field to the other, in order to get their equipment set up for what they expected would be the next great shot. By the end of the game, I had taken 1,100+ photos, including several of Michael Vick in a post-game locker-room interview; and from the sound of the clickety-click-clack of my fellow photographers, I could tell that many of them had taken several thousand. I'll spare you the technical details of my feeble attempts to get some decent shots; I had picked up some good tips from the sports-photography chapter of Scott Kelby's Digital Photography, and I did my best within the limitations of my equipment and my lack of familiarity with the situation.
What impressed me most about the whole experience was the scale of modern professional football -- the scale of everything. It's one thing to read that there are 80,000 people in a football stadium; it's another thing to actually be there and hear the simultaneous roar of those 80,000 people as a quarterback is sacked or a long pass is completed. It's one thing to read that a professional football player is 6 feet, 5 inches tall and weighs 350 pounds; it's another thing to stand next to several dozen such giants. Heck, I thought there were only 20 or 30 such giants on each team; I had no idea that there were 64 of them (a number which will be pared down as the pre-season comes to an end), or that there might be 20-30 different coaches. And then there are the hundreds of "staff members" scurrying around all over the place, carrying out their various duties and assignments; and there are the security guards and State Police, who spent most of the time scanning the stadium crowd rather than watching the players, presumably watching for scuffles or fights or ... well, who knows what. There are cheerleaders too, in this case bearing the official name of New York Jets Flight Crew; I had expected half a dozen, but there were two dozen perky, long-haired beauties, with permanently frozen smiles, who who danced and pranced before the crowd at every conceivable opportunity.
All of this has resulted in the photos you'll see in this album. I had to delete roughly a hundred of my original images, because they were out of focus, or because a referee decided to walk in front of my camera at the wrong moment; and another 900 were "okay," but not terribly exciting. I'm sure that none of them are as crisp, sharp, and well-composed as those taken by the Sports Illustrated photographer and the other professionals on the field; but I did end up with 72 "keepers" that I hope you'll enjoy...
... and, yes, I probably will attend another football game or two in the years ahead. Whether I'm lucky enough to get down on the field again is anyone's guess....
Collaboration beetween Biennalist and Ultracontemporay
Art Format
www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html
Documenta From Wikipedia,
The Fridericianum during documenta (13)
documenta is an exhibition of contemporary art which takes place every five years in Kassel, Germany. It was founded by artist, teacher and curator Arnold Bode in 1955 as part of the Bundesgartenschau (Federal Horticultural Show) which took place in Kassel at that time.[1] It was an attempt to bring Germany up to speed with modern art, both banishing and repressing the cultural darkness of Nazism.[2] This first documenta featured many artists who are generally considered to have had a significant influence on modern art (such as Picasso and Kandinsky). The more recent documentas feature art from all continents; nonetheless most of it is site-specific.
Every documenta is limited to 100 days of exhibition, which is why it is often referred to as the "museum of 100 days".[3] Documenta is not a selling exhibition. It rarely coincides with the three other major art world events: the Venice Biennale, Art Basel and Skulptur Projekte Münster, but in 2017, all four were open simultaneously.
Etymology of documenta
The name of the exhibition is an invented word. The term is supposed to demonstrate the intention of every exhibition (in particular of the first documenta in 1955) to be a documentation of modern art which was not available for the German public during the Nazi era. Rumour spread from those close to Arnold Bode that it was relevant for the coinage of the term that the Latin word documentum could be separated into docere (Latin for teach) and mens (Latin for intellect) and therefore thought it to be a good word to describe the intention and the demand of the documenta.[4]
Each edition of documenta has commissioned its own visual identity, most of which have conformed to the typographic style of solely using lowercase letters, which originated at the Bauhaus.[5]
History
Stadtverwaldung by Joseph Beuys, oaktree in front of the museum Fridericianum, documenta 7
Art professor and designer Arnold Bode from Kassel was the initiator of the first documenta. Originally planned as a secondary event to accompany the Bundesgartenschau, this attracted more than 130,000 visitors in 1955. The exhibition centred less on "contemporary art“, that is art made after 1945: instead, Bode wanted to show the public works which had been known as "Entartete Kunst" in Germany during the Nazi era: Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Blauer Reiter, Futurism and Pittura Metafisica. Therefore, abstract art, in particular the abstract paintings of the 1920s and 1930s, was the focus of interest in this exhibition.
Over time, the focus shifted to contemporary art. At first, the show was limited to works from Europe, but soon covered works by artists from the Americas, Africa and Asia. 4. documenta, the first ever to turn a profit, featured a selection of Pop Art, Minimal Art, and Kinetic Art.[6] Adopting the theme of Questioning Reality – Pictorial Worlds Today, the 1972 documenta radically redefined what could be considered art by featuring minimal and conceptual art, marking a turning point in the public acceptance of those styles.[7] Also, it devoted a large section to the work of Adolf Wolfli, the great Swiss outsider, then unknown. Joseph Beuys performed repeatedly under the auspices of his utopian Organization for Direct Democracy.[8] Additionally, the 1987 documenta show signaled another important shift with the elevation of design to the realm of art – showing an openness to postmodern design.[9] Certain key political dates for wide-reaching social and cultural upheavals, such as 1945, 1968 or 1976/77, became chronological markers of documenta X (1997), along which art's political, social, cultural and aesthetic exploratory functions were traced.[10] Documenta11 was organized around themes like migration, urbanization and the post-colonial experience,[11] with documentary photography, film and video as well as works from far-flung locales holding the spotlight.[7] In 2012, documenta (13) was described as "[a]rdently feminist, global and multimedia in approach and including works by dead artists and selected bits of ancient art".[12]
Criticism
documenta typically gives its artists at least two years to conceive and produce their projects, so the works are often elaborate and intellectually complex.[13] However, the participants are often not publicised before the very opening of the exhibition. At documenta (13), the official list of artists was not released until the day the show opened.[14] Even though curators have often claimed to have gone outside the art market in their selection, participants have always included established artists. In the documenta (13), for example, art critic Jerry Saltz identified more than a third of the artists represented by the renowned Marian Goodman Gallery in the show.[14]
Directors
The first four documentas, organized by Arnold Bode, established the exhibition's international credentials. Since the fifth documenta (1972), a new artistic director has been named for each documenta exhibition by a committee of experts. Documenta 8 was put together in two years instead of the usual five. The original directors, Edy de Wilde and Harald Szeemann, were unable to get along and stepped down. They were replaced by Manfred Schneckenburger, Edward F. Fry, Wulf Herzogenrath, Armin Zweite, and Vittorio Fagone.[15] Coosje van Bruggen helped select artists for documenta 7, the 1982 edition. documenta IX's team of curators consisted of Jan Hoet, Piero Luigi Tazzi, Denys Zacharopoulos, and Bart de Baere.[16] For documenta X Catherine David was chosen as the first woman and the first non-German speaker to hold the post. It is also the first and unique time that its website Documenta x was conceived by a curator (swiss curator Simon Lamunière) as a part of the exhibition. The first non-European director was Okwui Enwezor for Documenta11.[17]
TitleDateDirectorExhibitorsExhibitsVisitors
documenta16 July – 18 September 1955Arnold Bode148670130,000
II. documenta11 July – 11 October 1959Arnold Bode, Werner Haftmann3381770134,000
documenta III27 June – 5 October 1964Arnold Bode, Werner Haftmann3611450200,000
4. documenta27 June – 6 October 196824-strong documenta council1511000220,000
documenta 530 June – 8 October 1972Harald Szeemann218820228,621
documenta 624 June – 2 October 1977Manfred Schneckenburger6222700343,410
documenta 719 June – 28 September 1982Rudi Fuchs1821000378,691
documenta 812 June – 20 September 1987Manfred Schneckenburger150600474,417
documenta IX12 June – 20 September 1992Jan Hoet1891000603,456
documenta X21 June – 28 September 1997Catherine David120700628,776
documenta118 June – 15 September 2002Okwui Enwezor118450650,924
documenta 1216 June – 23 September 2007Roger M. Buergel/Ruth Noack[19]114over 500754,301
documenta (13)9 June – 16 September 2012Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev187[20]904,992[21]
documenta 148 April – 16 July 2017 in Athens, Greece;
10 June – 17 September 2017 in KasselAdam Szymczykmore than 1601500339.000 in Athens
891.500 in Kassel
documenta fifteen18 June 2022 – 25 September 2022 in Kasselruangrupa[22]
2012's edition was organized around a central node, the trans-Atlantic melding of two distinct individuals who first encountered each other in the "money-soaked deserts of the United Arab Emirates". As an organizing principle it is simultaneously a commentary on the romantic potentials of globalization and also a critique of how digital platforms can complicate or interrogate the nature of such relationships. Curatorial agents refer to the concept as possessing a "fricative potential for productive awkwardness," wherein a twosome is formed for the purposes of future exploration.[23]
Venues
documenta is held in different venues in Kassel. Since 1955, the fixed venue has been the Fridericianum. The documenta-Halle was built in 1992 for documenta IX and now houses some of the exhibitions. Other venues used for documenta have included the Karlsaue park, Schloss Wilhelmshöhe, the Neue Galerie, the Ottoneum, and the Kulturzentrum Schlachthof. Though Okwui Enezor notably tried to subvert the euro-centric approach documenta had taken, he instigated a series of five platforms before the Documenta11 in Vienna, Berlin, New Delhi, St Lucia, and Lagos, in an attempt to take documenta into a new post-colonial, borderless space, from which experimental cultures could emerge. documenta 12 occupied five locations, including the Fridericianum, the Wilhelmshöhe castle park and the specially constructed "Aue-Pavillon", or meadow pavilion, designed by French firm Lacaton et Vassal.[24] At documenta (13) (2012), about a fifth of the works were unveiled in places like Kabul, Afghanistan, and Banff, Canada.[13]
There are also a number of works that are usually presented outside, most notably in Friedrichsplatz, in front of the Fridericianum, and the Karlsaue park. To handle the number of artworks at documenta IX, five connected temporary "trailers" in glass and corrugated metal were built in the Karlsaue.[25] For documenta (13), French architects Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal constructed the temporary "Aue-Pavillon" in the park.
Rahmenbau (1977) by Haus Rucker und Co.
A few of the works exhibited at various documentas remained as purchases in Kassel museums. They include 7000 Eichen by Joseph Beuys; Rahmenbau (1977) by Haus-Rucker-Co; Laserscape Kassel (1977) by Horst H. Baumann; Traumschiff Tante Olga (1977) by Anatol Herzfeld; Vertikaler Erdkilometer by Walter De Maria; Spitzhacke (1982) by Claes Oldenburg; Man walking to the sky (1992) by Jonathan Borofsky; and Fremde by Thomas Schütte (one part of the sculptures are installed on Rotes Palais at Friedrichsplatz, the other on the roof of the Concert Hall in Lübeck).
documenta archive
The extensive volume of material that is regularly generated on the occasion of this exhibition prompted Arnold Bode to create an archive in 1961. The heart of the archive’s collection comes from the files and materials of the documenta organization. A continually expanding video and image archive is also part of the collection as are the independently organized bequests of Arnold Bode and artist Harry Kramer.
Management
Visitors
In 1992, on the occasion of documenta IX, for the first time in the history of the documenta, more than half a million people traveled to Kassel.[26] The 2002 edition of documenta attracted 650,000 visitors, more than triple Kassel's population.[27] In 2007, documenta 12 drew 754,000 paying visitors, with more than one-third of the visitors coming from abroad and guests from neighboring Netherlands, France, Belgium and Austria among the most numerous.[28] In 2012, documenta (13) had 904,992 visitors.[21]
References
Adrian Searle (June 11, 2012), "Documenta 13: Mysteries in the mountain of mud", The Guardian.
Roberta Smith (June 14, 2012), Art Show as Unruly Organism The New York Times.
Arnold Bode coined this phrase for the first time in the prologue of the first volume of the catalogue: documenta III. Internationale Ausstellung; Catalogue: Volume 1: Painting and Sculpture; Volume 2: Sketches; Volume 3: Industrial Design, Print; Kassel/Köln 1964; p. XIX
Kimpel, Harald: documenta, Mythos und Wirklichkeit. Köln 1997, ISBN 3-7701-4182-2
Alice Rawsthorn (June 3, 2012), A Symbol Is Born The New York Times.
The documenta IV Exhibition in Kassel (1968) German History in Documents and Images (GHDI).
Helen Chang (June 22, 2007), "Catching the Next Wave In Art at Documenta", The Wall Street Journal.
Roberta Smith (September 7, 2007), "Documenta 5" The New York Times.
Gimeno-Martinez, Javier; Verlinden, Jasmijn (2010). "From Museum of Decorative Arts to Design Museum: The Case of the Design museum Gent". Design and Culture. 2 (3).
dX 1997 Archived 2013-06-14 at the Wayback Machine, documenta XII.
Stephan Valentin (June 12, 2007), An art show in Kassel, Germany, rivals Venice Biennale The New York Times.
Roberta Smith (June 14, 2012), Art Show as Unruly Organism The New York Times.
Kelly Crow (June 8, 2012), A Party, Every Five Years, for 750,000 Guests The Wall Street Journal.
Jerry Saltz (June 15, 2012), Jerry Saltz: "Eleven Things That Struck, Irked, or Awed Me at Documenta 13" New York Magazine.
Michael Brenson (June 15, 1987), "Documenta 8, Exhibition In West Germany", The New York Times.
Michael Kimmelman (July 5, 1992) "At Documenta, It's Survival Of the Loudest", The New York Times.
Jackie Wullschlager (May 19, 2012) Vertiginous doubt Financial Times.
Julia Halperin, Gareth Harris (July 18, 2014) How much are curators really paid? Archived July 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper.
Holland Cotter (22 June 2007). "Asking Serious Questions in a Very Quiet Voice". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-08-29.
Ulrike Knöfel (8 June 2012). "What the 13th Documenta Wants You to See". Der Spiegel.
"904,992 people visit documenta (13) in Kassel". documenta und Museum Fridericianum Veranstaltungs-GmbH. 16 September 2012. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
Russeth, Andrew (2019-02-22). "Ruangrupa Artist Collective Picked to Curate Documenta 15". ARTnews.com. Retrieved 2020-01-05.
"In Germany, Disguising Documentary As Art". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2015-09-28.
Stephan Valentin (June 12, 2007), An art show in Kassel, Germany, rivals Venice Biennale International Herald Tribune.
Roberta Smith (June 22, 1992), A Small Show Within an Enormous One The New York Times.
d9 1992 Archived 2014-02-22 at the Wayback Machine, documenta XII.
Adrian Searle (June 19, 2007), 100 days of ineptitude The Guardian.
Catherine Hickley (September 24, 2007), "Documenta Contemporary Art Show Draws Record 754,000 to Kassel", Bloomberg.
Carly Berwick (May 17, 2007), "Documenta 'Mystery' Artists Are Revealed; Buzz Strategy Fizzles", Bloomberg.
Rachel Donado (April 5, 2017), German Art Exhibition Documenta Expands Into Athens, The New York Times.
Catherine Hickley (November 27, 2017), Documenta manager to leave post after budget overruns The Art Newspaper.
Further reading
Hickley, Catherine (2021-06-18). "This Show Sets the Direction of Art. Its Past Mirrored a Changing World". The New York Times.
Nancy Marmer, "Documenta 8: The Social Dimension?" Art in America, vol. 75, September 1987, pp. 128–138, 197–199.
other biennales :
Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale
Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art
lumbung
Short concept by ruangrupa for documenta 15
"We want to create a globally oriented, cooperative, interdisciplinary art and culture platform that will remain effective beyond the 100 days of documenta fifteen. Our curatorial approach aims at a different kind of collaborative model of resource use—economically, but also in terms of ideas, knowledge, programs, and innovation."
ruangrupa’s central curatorial approach for documenta fifteen is based on the principles of collectivity, resource building, and equal sharing. They aim to appeal not just to an art audience but to a variety of communities, and to promote local commitment and participation. Their approach is based on an international network of local, community-based organizations from the art and other cultural contexts and can be outlined by the Indonesian term lumbung. lumbung, directly translatable as “rice barn,” is a collective pot or accumulation system used in rural areas of Indonesia, where crops produced by a community are stored as a future shared common resource and distributed according to jointly determind criteria. Using lumbung as a model, documenta fifteen is a collective resource pot, operating under the logics of the commons. It is an agglomeration of ideas, stories, (wo)manpower, time, and other shareable resources. At the center of lumbung is the imagination and the building of these collective, shared resources into new models of sustainable ideas and cultural practices. This will be fostered by residencies, assemblies, public activities, and the development of tools.
Interdisciplinarity is key in this process. It is where art meets activism, management, and networking to gather support, understand environments, and identify local resources. These elements then create actions and spaces, intertwine social relations and transactions; they slowly grow and organically find a public form. This is a strategy “to live in and with society.” It imagines the relations an art institution has with its community by being an active constituent of it. Strategies are then developed based on proximity and shared desires.
The main principles of the process are:
• Providing space to gather and explore ideas
• Collective decision making
• Non-centralization
• Playing between formalities and informalities
• Practicing assembly and meeting points
• Architectural awareness
• Being spatially active to promote conversation
• A melting pot for and from everyone’s thoughts, energies, and ideas
#documentakassel
#documenta
#documenta15
#artformat
#formatart
#rundebate
#thierrygeoffroy
#Colonel
#CriticalRun
#venicebiennale
#documentafifteen
#formatart
#documentacritic
#biennalist
#ultracontemporary art
protestart
Truncated Icosahedron - a 32 faced Archimedean Solid
or what Ardonik & I call the "Beckham Ball".
180 Equilateral-Triangular Flat Units: (Kasahara's Origami Omnibus, pg 204)
*20 Hexagons each composed of 6 Equilateral Triangle units :120 total white units
*12 Black Pentagons composed of 5 Equilateral Triangle Units: 60 Total black units
Ardonik & I folded /assembled this in preparation for our 2010 Future Professionals Day origami presentation
this "origami Soccer ball" is made entirely out of Flat Triangular units
Each triangle Flat unit has 3 pockets & is connected using joining tabs
Notice this is made of all Hexagons ( the white) and Pentagons (the black)
This image was created with FractalWorks, a free, high performance fractal renderer for Macintosh computers. You can download fractalworks and try it yourself at the FractalWorks download site.
27 June 2014
Imago Anatopism
LEA10
Second Life
lindenarts.blogspot.com/2014/05/transitt-imago-anatopism....
Mimesis Monday
(Heidi Dahlsveen)
historieforteller.wordpress.com/tag/imago-anatopism/
Alpha Auer
(Elif Ayiter)
www.flickr.com/photos/alpha_auer/sets/72157644047392579
zikiquesti.blogspot.com/2014/05/transitt-imago-anatopism....
From the notecards:
“”
About Imago Anatopism:
The project tells the tale of Volund, a nordic, elf, a symbol following Joseph Campbell's "Hero with a Thousand Faces." Volund undergoes many persona changes during his travels in which he encounters several others that shape and transform him.
Stage 1: At the start of the tale Volund, a Norsk elf who is probably born on the edge of the world between Midgaard – the home of humans, and Utgaard – the home home of giants, is still a young boy who is taken by his father to a mountian where a tribe of dwarfs are to teach him the craft of blacksmithing.
At this early stage all Volund gets are the basics: Skin, shape, eyes and a pair of shoes.
Stage 2: This is the stage in which Volund is refuses the call to the adventure. He is still a timid boy who does not hear, or misinterprets the call or may even misuse the call since he is not yet mature enough to make his own decisions and only follows the decisions of others. All this leads to the murder of his father which makes Volund realise life's dangers and the magnitude of his task.
Symbolizing this blindness, at stage 2 Volund only gets a mask as an attachment.
Stage 3: Setting out on his adventure, Volund goes back to the mountain in order to learn further secrets of forging and the creation of magic tools from the dwarf. Such supernatural aids are both good and bad and once Volund puts on his magic belt and helmet he realizes that it is the dwarfs that killed his father. This makes them his enemy and he has a narrow escape as he leaves the mountain.
Thus, at stage 3 Volund gets a magic belt and helmet as two new attachments.
Stage 4: The idea of the entering another world is often symbolized by the belly of the whale. Volund is no different in this regard, and he throws himself into the ocean to float away to the unknown.
Thus, at stage 4 Volund gets a harpoon as a new attachment.
Stage 5: It is at this stage that Volund starts discovering his strength and power. He now has the ability to forge magic objects, such as life-like statues and wonderful weapons. It is at this stage that Volund meets a valkyrie (in this instance, a symbol for the concept of "goddess"), whom he first sees as a swan who is taking off her feathers in order to bathe in lake. Volund hides her feathers and makes her his first wife. However she leaves him at the end of 7 years when she finally finds her feathers and flees away.
"She is the mother, sister, mistress, bride," Campbell writes of the goddess. But she is also the death of of everything that dies. Campbell continues: "Woman, in the picture language of mythology, represents the totality of what can be known. The hero is the one who comes to know."
At stage 5 Volund gets a big present that he gives to the goddess as an offering as a new attachment.
Stage 6: Volund gets 9 rings from the valkyrie, which is a symbol of union. However these ring are also things that he can measure his own forging up against.
Stage 7: Volund is now supposed to start his journey back home, with newly gained wisdom. However, he faces yet another obstacle through the king who tries to hinder Volund from leaving by crippling him.
Thus, unsurprisingly, at this stage Volund gets a cane. There are several versions of this with different poses.
Stage 8: Volund gets his revenge upon the king by raping his daughter.
To quote Campbell again: "And always, after the first thrills of getting under way, the adventure develops into a journey of darkness, horror, disgust and phantasmagoric fears."
And so, at this stage Volund gets a caged bird with which he can seduce the king's daughter.
Stage 9: Volund has now made the king's daughter pregnant. However, in order to ensure that his own son inherits the throne, Volund also takes the precaution of killing the king's two sons.
Thus, at this stage the new attachment that Volund gets is a sword.
Stage 10: We are now nearing the end of the story and Volund sits bird-like on a roof, and tells the king what has happend and what the future will be.
Stage 11: While Volund started his journey in the ocean his return home is through the sky. He forges himself a huge pair of wings with which he flies back home.
Stage 12: We have come to the end of the tale and Volund has finally returned home as a wiser, older man who now deserves to put on the shiled and mantle of the hero.
Campbell writes: ”The hero is the champion of things becoming, not of things become, because he is.” And later ”Having died to his personal ego, he arose again established in the Self”.
,
029621022011
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The Edit of this Photo Demands Your View In BLACK with Large size for better out put, Plz Press L for Black
This is the cover photo of my set National Language Movement 2011
This Photo was taken on 21th Fab at 01:30 pm , From Jatio Shaheed Minar , Dhaka, BANGLADESH, This Photo was Taken while my Special Photowalk with The flickr Group Frame BANGLADESH
Description :The Bengali Language Movement: and in Bangali Trnslation to ভাষা আন্দোলন
The Bengali Language Movement: Can read In Bangoli here]ভাষা আন্দোলন, also known as the Language Movement (Bengali: ভাষা আন্দোলন; Bhasha Andolon), was a political effort in Bangladesh (then known as East Pakistan), advocating the recognition of the Bengali language as an official language ofPakistan. Such recognition would allow Bengali to be used in government affairs.When the state of Pakistan was formed in 1947, its two regions, East Pakistan (also called East Bengal) and West Pakistan, were split along cultural, geographical, and linguistic lines. In 1948, the Government of Pakistan ordained Urdu as the sole national language, sparking extensive protests among the Bengali-speaking majority of East Pakistan. Facing rising sectarian tensions and mass discontent with the new law, the government outlawed public meetings and rallies. The students of the University of Dhaka and other political activists defied the law and organised a protest on 21 February 1952. The movement reached its climax when police killed student demonstrators on that day. The deaths provoked widespread civil unrest led by the Awami Muslim League, later renamed the Awami League. After years of conflict, the central government relented and granted official status to the Bengali language in 1956. In 2000,UNESCO declared 21 February International Mother Language Day for the whole world to celebrate[1], in tribute to the Language Movement and the ethno-linguistic rights of people around the world.The Language Movement catalysed the assertion of Bengali national identity in Pakistan, and became a forerunner to Bengali nationalist movements, including the 6-point movement and subsequently the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. In Bangladesh, 21 February is observed as Language Movement Day, a national holiday. The Shaheed Minar monument was constructed near Dhaka Medical College in memory of the movement and its victims
Background
The present nations of Pakistan and Bangladesh were part of undivided India during the British colonial rule. From the mid-19th century, the Urdu language had been promoted as thelingua franca of Indian Muslims by political and religious leaders such as Sir Khwaja Salimullah, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk and Maulvi Abdul Haq.[2][3] Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language of the Indo-Iranian branch, belonging to the Indo-European family of languages. It developed under Persian, Arabic and Turkic influence on apabhramshas (last linguistic stage of the medieval Indian Aryan language Pali-Prakrit)[4] in South Asia during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire.[5] With its Perso-Arabic script, the language was considered a vital element of the Islamic culture for Indian Muslims; Hindi and the Devanagari script were seen as fundamentals of Hindu culture.[2]While the use of Urdu grew common with Muslims in northern India, the Muslims of Bengal (a province in the eastern part of British Indian sub-continent) primarily used the Bengali language. Bengali is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language that arose from the eastern Middle Indic languages around 1000 CE[6] and developed considerably during the Bengal Renaissance. As early as the late 19th century, social activists such as the Muslim feminist Roquia Sakhawat Hussain were choosing to write in Bengali to reach out to the people and develop it as a modern literary language. Supporters of Bengali opposed Urdu even before the partition of India, when delegates from Bengal rejected the idea of making Urdu the lingua franca of Muslim India in the 1937 Lucknow session of the Muslim League. The Muslim League was a British Indian political party that became the driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state separate from British India.[7]
The Other Set related to this set are available here at : International Mother Language Day
All other Photos of this set are available at : National Language Movement Dat 2011
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An ugly beauty 3 ( I hope you can sleep tonight)
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Dutch:
Griezelig mooi.
De spin heeft zojuist een nachtvlinder "ingepakt" in spinrag
De Kruisspin (Araneus diadematus) is een middelgrote spin die behoort tot de familie wielwebspinnen (Araneidae).
De kruisspin is in tegenstelling tot veel andere spinnen geen schuwe soort, maar eentje die vaak midden in het web zit en moeilijk over het hoofd is te zien. De spin wordt ook relatief groot tot zo'n 17 millimeter. De naam is te danken aan de op een kruis gelijkend patroon op het achterlijf dat bestaat uit een groepje lichtere tot witte vlekjes die afsteken tegen de donkerbruine tot gele achtergrondkleur. De kruisspin is in Europa een van de meer algemene soorten en de spin komt ook in België en Nederland voor. Omdat de kruisspin in beschaduwde, van de wind afgeschermde hogere planten leeft duikt de spin vaak op in tuinen en hierdoor is het een van de bekendste Europese spinnen.
De kruisspin bouwt het web op enige hoogte en vangt voornamelijk vliegende insecten. De spin wordt zelf gegeten door insecteneters zoals vogels. De levenscyclus is tweejarig; de paring vindt plaats in de herfst en de eitjes overwinteren. In de lente komen ze uit en pas het volgende jaar worden de spinnen volwassen.
De kruisspin is door de Europese Arachnologische Vereniging uitgeroepen tot spin van het jaar 2010.
D200 (kan ik nog steeds niet weg doen)
Sigma macro 180mm macro APO,HSM
Camera .......................Nikon D200
Exposure ....................0.01 sec (1/100)
Aperture .....................f/32.0
Focal Length .............180 mm
ISO Speed ................320
12A_8749XP1N
Collaboration beetween Biennalist and Ultracontemporay
Art Format
www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html
Documenta From Wikipedia,
The Fridericianum during documenta (13)
documenta is an exhibition of contemporary art which takes place every five years in Kassel, Germany. It was founded by artist, teacher and curator Arnold Bode in 1955 as part of the Bundesgartenschau (Federal Horticultural Show) which took place in Kassel at that time.[1] It was an attempt to bring Germany up to speed with modern art, both banishing and repressing the cultural darkness of Nazism.[2] This first documenta featured many artists who are generally considered to have had a significant influence on modern art (such as Picasso and Kandinsky). The more recent documentas feature art from all continents; nonetheless most of it is site-specific.
Every documenta is limited to 100 days of exhibition, which is why it is often referred to as the "museum of 100 days".[3] Documenta is not a selling exhibition. It rarely coincides with the three other major art world events: the Venice Biennale, Art Basel and Skulptur Projekte Münster, but in 2017, all four were open simultaneously.
Etymology of documenta
The name of the exhibition is an invented word. The term is supposed to demonstrate the intention of every exhibition (in particular of the first documenta in 1955) to be a documentation of modern art which was not available for the German public during the Nazi era. Rumour spread from those close to Arnold Bode that it was relevant for the coinage of the term that the Latin word documentum could be separated into docere (Latin for teach) and mens (Latin for intellect) and therefore thought it to be a good word to describe the intention and the demand of the documenta.[4]
Each edition of documenta has commissioned its own visual identity, most of which have conformed to the typographic style of solely using lowercase letters, which originated at the Bauhaus.[5]
History
Stadtverwaldung by Joseph Beuys, oaktree in front of the museum Fridericianum, documenta 7
Art professor and designer Arnold Bode from Kassel was the initiator of the first documenta. Originally planned as a secondary event to accompany the Bundesgartenschau, this attracted more than 130,000 visitors in 1955. The exhibition centred less on "contemporary art“, that is art made after 1945: instead, Bode wanted to show the public works which had been known as "Entartete Kunst" in Germany during the Nazi era: Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Blauer Reiter, Futurism and Pittura Metafisica. Therefore, abstract art, in particular the abstract paintings of the 1920s and 1930s, was the focus of interest in this exhibition.
Over time, the focus shifted to contemporary art. At first, the show was limited to works from Europe, but soon covered works by artists from the Americas, Africa and Asia. 4. documenta, the first ever to turn a profit, featured a selection of Pop Art, Minimal Art, and Kinetic Art.[6] Adopting the theme of Questioning Reality – Pictorial Worlds Today, the 1972 documenta radically redefined what could be considered art by featuring minimal and conceptual art, marking a turning point in the public acceptance of those styles.[7] Also, it devoted a large section to the work of Adolf Wolfli, the great Swiss outsider, then unknown. Joseph Beuys performed repeatedly under the auspices of his utopian Organization for Direct Democracy.[8] Additionally, the 1987 documenta show signaled another important shift with the elevation of design to the realm of art – showing an openness to postmodern design.[9] Certain key political dates for wide-reaching social and cultural upheavals, such as 1945, 1968 or 1976/77, became chronological markers of documenta X (1997), along which art's political, social, cultural and aesthetic exploratory functions were traced.[10] Documenta11 was organized around themes like migration, urbanization and the post-colonial experience,[11] with documentary photography, film and video as well as works from far-flung locales holding the spotlight.[7] In 2012, documenta (13) was described as "[a]rdently feminist, global and multimedia in approach and including works by dead artists and selected bits of ancient art".[12]
Criticism
documenta typically gives its artists at least two years to conceive and produce their projects, so the works are often elaborate and intellectually complex.[13] However, the participants are often not publicised before the very opening of the exhibition. At documenta (13), the official list of artists was not released until the day the show opened.[14] Even though curators have often claimed to have gone outside the art market in their selection, participants have always included established artists. In the documenta (13), for example, art critic Jerry Saltz identified more than a third of the artists represented by the renowned Marian Goodman Gallery in the show.[14]
Directors
The first four documentas, organized by Arnold Bode, established the exhibition's international credentials. Since the fifth documenta (1972), a new artistic director has been named for each documenta exhibition by a committee of experts. Documenta 8 was put together in two years instead of the usual five. The original directors, Edy de Wilde and Harald Szeemann, were unable to get along and stepped down. They were replaced by Manfred Schneckenburger, Edward F. Fry, Wulf Herzogenrath, Armin Zweite, and Vittorio Fagone.[15] Coosje van Bruggen helped select artists for documenta 7, the 1982 edition. documenta IX's team of curators consisted of Jan Hoet, Piero Luigi Tazzi, Denys Zacharopoulos, and Bart de Baere.[16] For documenta X Catherine David was chosen as the first woman and the first non-German speaker to hold the post. It is also the first and unique time that its website Documenta x was conceived by a curator (swiss curator Simon Lamunière) as a part of the exhibition. The first non-European director was Okwui Enwezor for Documenta11.[17]
TitleDateDirectorExhibitorsExhibitsVisitors
documenta16 July – 18 September 1955Arnold Bode148670130,000
II. documenta11 July – 11 October 1959Arnold Bode, Werner Haftmann3381770134,000
documenta III27 June – 5 October 1964Arnold Bode, Werner Haftmann3611450200,000
4. documenta27 June – 6 October 196824-strong documenta council1511000220,000
documenta 530 June – 8 October 1972Harald Szeemann218820228,621
documenta 624 June – 2 October 1977Manfred Schneckenburger6222700343,410
documenta 719 June – 28 September 1982Rudi Fuchs1821000378,691
documenta 812 June – 20 September 1987Manfred Schneckenburger150600474,417
documenta IX12 June – 20 September 1992Jan Hoet1891000603,456
documenta X21 June – 28 September 1997Catherine David120700628,776
documenta118 June – 15 September 2002Okwui Enwezor118450650,924
documenta 1216 June – 23 September 2007Roger M. Buergel/Ruth Noack[19]114over 500754,301
documenta (13)9 June – 16 September 2012Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev187[20]904,992[21]
documenta 148 April – 16 July 2017 in Athens, Greece;
10 June – 17 September 2017 in KasselAdam Szymczykmore than 1601500339.000 in Athens
891.500 in Kassel
documenta fifteen18 June 2022 – 25 September 2022 in Kasselruangrupa[22]
2012's edition was organized around a central node, the trans-Atlantic melding of two distinct individuals who first encountered each other in the "money-soaked deserts of the United Arab Emirates". As an organizing principle it is simultaneously a commentary on the romantic potentials of globalization and also a critique of how digital platforms can complicate or interrogate the nature of such relationships. Curatorial agents refer to the concept as possessing a "fricative potential for productive awkwardness," wherein a twosome is formed for the purposes of future exploration.[23]
Venues
documenta is held in different venues in Kassel. Since 1955, the fixed venue has been the Fridericianum. The documenta-Halle was built in 1992 for documenta IX and now houses some of the exhibitions. Other venues used for documenta have included the Karlsaue park, Schloss Wilhelmshöhe, the Neue Galerie, the Ottoneum, and the Kulturzentrum Schlachthof. Though Okwui Enezor notably tried to subvert the euro-centric approach documenta had taken, he instigated a series of five platforms before the Documenta11 in Vienna, Berlin, New Delhi, St Lucia, and Lagos, in an attempt to take documenta into a new post-colonial, borderless space, from which experimental cultures could emerge. documenta 12 occupied five locations, including the Fridericianum, the Wilhelmshöhe castle park and the specially constructed "Aue-Pavillon", or meadow pavilion, designed by French firm Lacaton et Vassal.[24] At documenta (13) (2012), about a fifth of the works were unveiled in places like Kabul, Afghanistan, and Banff, Canada.[13]
There are also a number of works that are usually presented outside, most notably in Friedrichsplatz, in front of the Fridericianum, and the Karlsaue park. To handle the number of artworks at documenta IX, five connected temporary "trailers" in glass and corrugated metal were built in the Karlsaue.[25] For documenta (13), French architects Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal constructed the temporary "Aue-Pavillon" in the park.
Rahmenbau (1977) by Haus Rucker und Co.
A few of the works exhibited at various documentas remained as purchases in Kassel museums. They include 7000 Eichen by Joseph Beuys; Rahmenbau (1977) by Haus-Rucker-Co; Laserscape Kassel (1977) by Horst H. Baumann; Traumschiff Tante Olga (1977) by Anatol Herzfeld; Vertikaler Erdkilometer by Walter De Maria; Spitzhacke (1982) by Claes Oldenburg; Man walking to the sky (1992) by Jonathan Borofsky; and Fremde by Thomas Schütte (one part of the sculptures are installed on Rotes Palais at Friedrichsplatz, the other on the roof of the Concert Hall in Lübeck).
documenta archive
The extensive volume of material that is regularly generated on the occasion of this exhibition prompted Arnold Bode to create an archive in 1961. The heart of the archive’s collection comes from the files and materials of the documenta organization. A continually expanding video and image archive is also part of the collection as are the independently organized bequests of Arnold Bode and artist Harry Kramer.
Management
Visitors
In 1992, on the occasion of documenta IX, for the first time in the history of the documenta, more than half a million people traveled to Kassel.[26] The 2002 edition of documenta attracted 650,000 visitors, more than triple Kassel's population.[27] In 2007, documenta 12 drew 754,000 paying visitors, with more than one-third of the visitors coming from abroad and guests from neighboring Netherlands, France, Belgium and Austria among the most numerous.[28] In 2012, documenta (13) had 904,992 visitors.[21]
References
Adrian Searle (June 11, 2012), "Documenta 13: Mysteries in the mountain of mud", The Guardian.
Roberta Smith (June 14, 2012), Art Show as Unruly Organism The New York Times.
Arnold Bode coined this phrase for the first time in the prologue of the first volume of the catalogue: documenta III. Internationale Ausstellung; Catalogue: Volume 1: Painting and Sculpture; Volume 2: Sketches; Volume 3: Industrial Design, Print; Kassel/Köln 1964; p. XIX
Kimpel, Harald: documenta, Mythos und Wirklichkeit. Köln 1997, ISBN 3-7701-4182-2
Alice Rawsthorn (June 3, 2012), A Symbol Is Born The New York Times.
The documenta IV Exhibition in Kassel (1968) German History in Documents and Images (GHDI).
Helen Chang (June 22, 2007), "Catching the Next Wave In Art at Documenta", The Wall Street Journal.
Roberta Smith (September 7, 2007), "Documenta 5" The New York Times.
Gimeno-Martinez, Javier; Verlinden, Jasmijn (2010). "From Museum of Decorative Arts to Design Museum: The Case of the Design museum Gent". Design and Culture. 2 (3).
dX 1997 Archived 2013-06-14 at the Wayback Machine, documenta XII.
Stephan Valentin (June 12, 2007), An art show in Kassel, Germany, rivals Venice Biennale The New York Times.
Roberta Smith (June 14, 2012), Art Show as Unruly Organism The New York Times.
Kelly Crow (June 8, 2012), A Party, Every Five Years, for 750,000 Guests The Wall Street Journal.
Jerry Saltz (June 15, 2012), Jerry Saltz: "Eleven Things That Struck, Irked, or Awed Me at Documenta 13" New York Magazine.
Michael Brenson (June 15, 1987), "Documenta 8, Exhibition In West Germany", The New York Times.
Michael Kimmelman (July 5, 1992) "At Documenta, It's Survival Of the Loudest", The New York Times.
Jackie Wullschlager (May 19, 2012) Vertiginous doubt Financial Times.
Julia Halperin, Gareth Harris (July 18, 2014) How much are curators really paid? Archived July 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper.
Holland Cotter (22 June 2007). "Asking Serious Questions in a Very Quiet Voice". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-08-29.
Ulrike Knöfel (8 June 2012). "What the 13th Documenta Wants You to See". Der Spiegel.
"904,992 people visit documenta (13) in Kassel". documenta und Museum Fridericianum Veranstaltungs-GmbH. 16 September 2012. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
Russeth, Andrew (2019-02-22). "Ruangrupa Artist Collective Picked to Curate Documenta 15". ARTnews.com. Retrieved 2020-01-05.
"In Germany, Disguising Documentary As Art". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2015-09-28.
Stephan Valentin (June 12, 2007), An art show in Kassel, Germany, rivals Venice Biennale International Herald Tribune.
Roberta Smith (June 22, 1992), A Small Show Within an Enormous One The New York Times.
d9 1992 Archived 2014-02-22 at the Wayback Machine, documenta XII.
Adrian Searle (June 19, 2007), 100 days of ineptitude The Guardian.
Catherine Hickley (September 24, 2007), "Documenta Contemporary Art Show Draws Record 754,000 to Kassel", Bloomberg.
Carly Berwick (May 17, 2007), "Documenta 'Mystery' Artists Are Revealed; Buzz Strategy Fizzles", Bloomberg.
Rachel Donado (April 5, 2017), German Art Exhibition Documenta Expands Into Athens, The New York Times.
Catherine Hickley (November 27, 2017), Documenta manager to leave post after budget overruns The Art Newspaper.
Further reading
Hickley, Catherine (2021-06-18). "This Show Sets the Direction of Art. Its Past Mirrored a Changing World". The New York Times.
Nancy Marmer, "Documenta 8: The Social Dimension?" Art in America, vol. 75, September 1987, pp. 128–138, 197–199.
other biennales :
Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale
Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art
lumbung
Short concept by ruangrupa for documenta 15
"We want to create a globally oriented, cooperative, interdisciplinary art and culture platform that will remain effective beyond the 100 days of documenta fifteen. Our curatorial approach aims at a different kind of collaborative model of resource use—economically, but also in terms of ideas, knowledge, programs, and innovation."
ruangrupa’s central curatorial approach for documenta fifteen is based on the principles of collectivity, resource building, and equal sharing. They aim to appeal not just to an art audience but to a variety of communities, and to promote local commitment and participation. Their approach is based on an international network of local, community-based organizations from the art and other cultural contexts and can be outlined by the Indonesian term lumbung. lumbung, directly translatable as “rice barn,” is a collective pot or accumulation system used in rural areas of Indonesia, where crops produced by a community are stored as a future shared common resource and distributed according to jointly determind criteria. Using lumbung as a model, documenta fifteen is a collective resource pot, operating under the logics of the commons. It is an agglomeration of ideas, stories, (wo)manpower, time, and other shareable resources. At the center of lumbung is the imagination and the building of these collective, shared resources into new models of sustainable ideas and cultural practices. This will be fostered by residencies, assemblies, public activities, and the development of tools.
Interdisciplinarity is key in this process. It is where art meets activism, management, and networking to gather support, understand environments, and identify local resources. These elements then create actions and spaces, intertwine social relations and transactions; they slowly grow and organically find a public form. This is a strategy “to live in and with society.” It imagines the relations an art institution has with its community by being an active constituent of it. Strategies are then developed based on proximity and shared desires.
The main principles of the process are:
• Providing space to gather and explore ideas
• Collective decision making
• Non-centralization
• Playing between formalities and informalities
• Practicing assembly and meeting points
• Architectural awareness
• Being spatially active to promote conversation
• A melting pot for and from everyone’s thoughts, energies, and ideas
#documentakassel
#documenta
#documenta15
#artformat
#formatart
#rundebate
#thierrygeoffroy
#Colonel
#CriticalRun
#venicebiennale
#documentafifteen
#formatart
#documentacritic
#biennalist
#ultracontemporary art
protestart
www.train-franco-ethiopien.com/photos_cfe/sacm140_cfe/pag...
In 1939, CIY purchased from Chemin de Fer Franco-Ethiopien six 400 class 2-8-0 (140) "Consolidation" locomotives, which had been manufactured to an SACM design by the Swiss company Schweizerische Lokomotiv- und Maschinenfabrik (SLM) of Winterthur. They arrived in Indochina in January 1940 (415, 417, 418 and 419 at Saigon, 414 and 416 at Hải Phòng) and were put into service in April 1940, with the new numbering CIY 161-166. When the cross-border link was severed in September 1940, 161-165 were stranded in Yunnan and only one - No 166 - remained in Indochina.
While the fate of No 166 is not known, the history of the other five "Consolidation" locomotives in Yunnan is well documented. After 1943, two of the Yunnan-based 400 class locomotives remained on the ex-CIY Kūnmíng-Hékǒu line, while the other three were deployed on the Chuāndiān (Sìchuān-Yúnnán) Railway 川滇铁路, a 1m line built by the National Government of the Republic of China from 1938 but only partially completed due to war. In 1948, the management of both these 1m gauge lines was unified under the Kūnmíng District Railway Administration. When the 1m gauge Chuāndiān Railway closed in 1958 to make way for the new 1.435m gauge Guìkūn (Guìyáng-Kūnmíng) Railway 贵昆铁路, its three ex-CFE 400 class locomotives were reunited with their other two classmates on the Kūnmíng-Hékǒu line, which had been reopened in 1956 as a secondary supply route into North Việt Nam.
In the 1950s, the five Yunnan-based ex-CFE "Consolidation" locomotives were designated as China Railways class KD52, with running numbers 401-405. They were deployed on the 1m gauge Kūnmíng-Hékǒu line until the late 1970s, and in this capacity they would have been regular visitors to North Việt Nam at the head of military supply trains.
/ Germany / Baden-Wurttemberg / Tubinga / Castle
inside
www.uni-tuebingen.de/museum-schloss/aktuell.html#schlossf...
define:
castle, Schloß , Burg , Château
a large building formerly occupied by a ruler
and fortified against attack
-
Erstmals wird die Burg, das castrum twingia, 1078 erwähnt. Kaiser Heinrich IV. belagerte damals auf seinem Rückweg von Canossa vergeblich die Festung, die Graf Hugo von Tübingen hielt, ein Verbündeter des Gegenkönigs Herzog Rudolf.
Sie dürfte die Fläche des heutigen Schlosshofes eingenommen haben. Hier residierten die im 12. Jahrhundert zu Pfalzgrafen ernannten Grafen von Tübingen, bis sie aus Geldmangel Burg und Stadt 1301 an das Kloster Bebenhausen verpfänden und schließlich 1342 an die Grafen von Württemberg verkaufen mussten. Wenige Jahre nach dem Tod des Universitätsgründers Graf Eberhard im Bart 1496 begann sein Nachfolger Herzog Ulrich mit ersten Umbauten. Die eigentliche Umgestaltung zu einem Renaissanceschloß erfolgte jedoch erst in den Jahren 1534-1550 nach Ulrichs Rückkehr aus 15 Jahre währendem Exil. Entscheidende Ergänzung erfuhr die Anlage schließlich unter Herzog Friedrich I. in den Jahren 1604-1607 durch den Bau des unteren Schlosstores und der östlichen Bastionen. Schon 1188 ist die Johanneskapelle auf dem Burgberg erwähnt. Sie ist somit die älteste urkundlich bekannte Kirche Tübingens. Beim Neubau des Schlosses wurde sie in den Südflügel integriert. Seit 1815 untersteht sie der württembergischen Landeskirche. Noch heute üben hier die angehenden Tübinger evangelischen Theologen das Predigen. Besonders beeindruckend ist das holzgetäfelte Tonnengewölbe aus der Mitte des 17. Jahrhunderts. Die Wandmalereien, die Gobelins vortäuschen, wurden im späten 19. Jahrhundert aufgebracht. Die Gemälde sind Werke des frühen 18. Jahrhunderts.
Die Kapelle ist nicht für die Öffentlichkeit zugänglich.
Sie kann jedoch über die evangelische Landeskirche Stuttgart zu Hochzeiten etc. in Anspruch genommen werden.
Bilder vom Innern der Kapelle folgen.
_____________
attack this castle of Tübingen, but he failed
here:
1. Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
The beginning of the conflict known as the Investiture Controversy can be assigned to Christmas night of 1075: Gregory was kidnapped and imprisoned by Cencio I Frangipane, a Roman noble, while officiating at Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. Later freed by Roman people, Gregory accused Henry of having been behind the attempt.
In 1075 Gregory excommunicated some members of the Imperial Court, and threatened to do the same with Henry himself.
He stood in the snow outside the gates of the castle of Canossa for three days, from 25 January to 27 January 1077, begging the pope to rescind the sentence (popularly portrayed as without shoes, taking no food or shelter, and wearing a hairshirt - see Walk of Canossa). The Pope lifted the excommunication, imposing a vow to comply with certain conditions, which Henry soon violated.
On his return to Swabia he tried to attack this castle of Tübingen, but he failed here too.
1076 Investiturstreit – der Streit um die Einsetzung der Bischöfe in nicht nur ihre kirchlichen Ämter, sondern auch in die damit verbundenen Ämter der Reichsverwaltung –
Heinrich IV - seine Auseinandersetzung mit Papst Gregor VII. und sein Gang nach Canossa gelten als Höhepunkt des Investiturstreits. - wollte es nach dem Gang nach Canossa einnehmen, vergeblich.
Gregor VII. befürchtete das Anrücken eines kaiserlichen Heeres Heinrich des IV und wollte einer Begegnung mit Heinrich ausweichen, zog sich deshalb auf die gut befestigte Burg Canossa der Markgräfin Mathilde von Tuszien zurück.
--
1076 La pénitence de Canossa
Grégoire VII déclare Henri IV déchu et l'excommunie ; s'étant rebellé contre la souveraineté de l'Église, il ne peut plus être roi. Celui qui refuse ainsi l'obéissance au représentant de Dieu et fréquente d'autres excommuniés est de fait déchu de sa souveraineté. En conséquence, tous ses sujets sont déliés de l'allégeance qu'ils lui ont prêtée.
-
En échange de son pardon, il obtient le droit de venir en Germanie et l'assurance que le différend entre les princes et le roi serait soumis à son arbitrage
Sur son retour à Swabia il a essayé d'attaquer ce château de Tübingen, mais il a échoué ici aussi.
--
dust and fog
Nebel am hereinbrechenden Abend
Measured EV0.41
-
Focus Mode Manual Focus (3), infinity, unendlich
-
distance: ~ 2500 meters
-
Focal Length
70.6 mm x 5.6 =~ 395 mm analog 35 mm
ISO Speed 400
vom Bergfriedhof aus aufgenommen
Collaboration beetween Biennalist and Ultracontemporay
Art Format
www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html
Documenta From Wikipedia,
The Fridericianum during documenta (13)
documenta is an exhibition of contemporary art which takes place every five years in Kassel, Germany. It was founded by artist, teacher and curator Arnold Bode in 1955 as part of the Bundesgartenschau (Federal Horticultural Show) which took place in Kassel at that time.[1] It was an attempt to bring Germany up to speed with modern art, both banishing and repressing the cultural darkness of Nazism.[2] This first documenta featured many artists who are generally considered to have had a significant influence on modern art (such as Picasso and Kandinsky). The more recent documentas feature art from all continents; nonetheless most of it is site-specific.
Every documenta is limited to 100 days of exhibition, which is why it is often referred to as the "museum of 100 days".[3] Documenta is not a selling exhibition. It rarely coincides with the three other major art world events: the Venice Biennale, Art Basel and Skulptur Projekte Münster, but in 2017, all four were open simultaneously.
Etymology of documenta
The name of the exhibition is an invented word. The term is supposed to demonstrate the intention of every exhibition (in particular of the first documenta in 1955) to be a documentation of modern art which was not available for the German public during the Nazi era. Rumour spread from those close to Arnold Bode that it was relevant for the coinage of the term that the Latin word documentum could be separated into docere (Latin for teach) and mens (Latin for intellect) and therefore thought it to be a good word to describe the intention and the demand of the documenta.[4]
Each edition of documenta has commissioned its own visual identity, most of which have conformed to the typographic style of solely using lowercase letters, which originated at the Bauhaus.[5]
History
Stadtverwaldung by Joseph Beuys, oaktree in front of the museum Fridericianum, documenta 7
Art professor and designer Arnold Bode from Kassel was the initiator of the first documenta. Originally planned as a secondary event to accompany the Bundesgartenschau, this attracted more than 130,000 visitors in 1955. The exhibition centred less on "contemporary art“, that is art made after 1945: instead, Bode wanted to show the public works which had been known as "Entartete Kunst" in Germany during the Nazi era: Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Blauer Reiter, Futurism and Pittura Metafisica. Therefore, abstract art, in particular the abstract paintings of the 1920s and 1930s, was the focus of interest in this exhibition.
Over time, the focus shifted to contemporary art. At first, the show was limited to works from Europe, but soon covered works by artists from the Americas, Africa and Asia. 4. documenta, the first ever to turn a profit, featured a selection of Pop Art, Minimal Art, and Kinetic Art.[6] Adopting the theme of Questioning Reality – Pictorial Worlds Today, the 1972 documenta radically redefined what could be considered art by featuring minimal and conceptual art, marking a turning point in the public acceptance of those styles.[7] Also, it devoted a large section to the work of Adolf Wolfli, the great Swiss outsider, then unknown. Joseph Beuys performed repeatedly under the auspices of his utopian Organization for Direct Democracy.[8] Additionally, the 1987 documenta show signaled another important shift with the elevation of design to the realm of art – showing an openness to postmodern design.[9] Certain key political dates for wide-reaching social and cultural upheavals, such as 1945, 1968 or 1976/77, became chronological markers of documenta X (1997), along which art's political, social, cultural and aesthetic exploratory functions were traced.[10] Documenta11 was organized around themes like migration, urbanization and the post-colonial experience,[11] with documentary photography, film and video as well as works from far-flung locales holding the spotlight.[7] In 2012, documenta (13) was described as "[a]rdently feminist, global and multimedia in approach and including works by dead artists and selected bits of ancient art".[12]
Criticism
documenta typically gives its artists at least two years to conceive and produce their projects, so the works are often elaborate and intellectually complex.[13] However, the participants are often not publicised before the very opening of the exhibition. At documenta (13), the official list of artists was not released until the day the show opened.[14] Even though curators have often claimed to have gone outside the art market in their selection, participants have always included established artists. In the documenta (13), for example, art critic Jerry Saltz identified more than a third of the artists represented by the renowned Marian Goodman Gallery in the show.[14]
Directors
The first four documentas, organized by Arnold Bode, established the exhibition's international credentials. Since the fifth documenta (1972), a new artistic director has been named for each documenta exhibition by a committee of experts. Documenta 8 was put together in two years instead of the usual five. The original directors, Edy de Wilde and Harald Szeemann, were unable to get along and stepped down. They were replaced by Manfred Schneckenburger, Edward F. Fry, Wulf Herzogenrath, Armin Zweite, and Vittorio Fagone.[15] Coosje van Bruggen helped select artists for documenta 7, the 1982 edition. documenta IX's team of curators consisted of Jan Hoet, Piero Luigi Tazzi, Denys Zacharopoulos, and Bart de Baere.[16] For documenta X Catherine David was chosen as the first woman and the first non-German speaker to hold the post. It is also the first and unique time that its website Documenta x was conceived by a curator (swiss curator Simon Lamunière) as a part of the exhibition. The first non-European director was Okwui Enwezor for Documenta11.[17]
TitleDateDirectorExhibitorsExhibitsVisitors
documenta16 July – 18 September 1955Arnold Bode148670130,000
II. documenta11 July – 11 October 1959Arnold Bode, Werner Haftmann3381770134,000
documenta III27 June – 5 October 1964Arnold Bode, Werner Haftmann3611450200,000
4. documenta27 June – 6 October 196824-strong documenta council1511000220,000
documenta 530 June – 8 October 1972Harald Szeemann218820228,621
documenta 624 June – 2 October 1977Manfred Schneckenburger6222700343,410
documenta 719 June – 28 September 1982Rudi Fuchs1821000378,691
documenta 812 June – 20 September 1987Manfred Schneckenburger150600474,417
documenta IX12 June – 20 September 1992Jan Hoet1891000603,456
documenta X21 June – 28 September 1997Catherine David120700628,776
documenta118 June – 15 September 2002Okwui Enwezor118450650,924
documenta 1216 June – 23 September 2007Roger M. Buergel/Ruth Noack[19]114over 500754,301
documenta (13)9 June – 16 September 2012Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev187[20]904,992[21]
documenta 148 April – 16 July 2017 in Athens, Greece;
10 June – 17 September 2017 in KasselAdam Szymczykmore than 1601500339.000 in Athens
891.500 in Kassel
documenta fifteen18 June 2022 – 25 September 2022 in Kasselruangrupa[22]
2012's edition was organized around a central node, the trans-Atlantic melding of two distinct individuals who first encountered each other in the "money-soaked deserts of the United Arab Emirates". As an organizing principle it is simultaneously a commentary on the romantic potentials of globalization and also a critique of how digital platforms can complicate or interrogate the nature of such relationships. Curatorial agents refer to the concept as possessing a "fricative potential for productive awkwardness," wherein a twosome is formed for the purposes of future exploration.[23]
Venues
documenta is held in different venues in Kassel. Since 1955, the fixed venue has been the Fridericianum. The documenta-Halle was built in 1992 for documenta IX and now houses some of the exhibitions. Other venues used for documenta have included the Karlsaue park, Schloss Wilhelmshöhe, the Neue Galerie, the Ottoneum, and the Kulturzentrum Schlachthof. Though Okwui Enezor notably tried to subvert the euro-centric approach documenta had taken, he instigated a series of five platforms before the Documenta11 in Vienna, Berlin, New Delhi, St Lucia, and Lagos, in an attempt to take documenta into a new post-colonial, borderless space, from which experimental cultures could emerge. documenta 12 occupied five locations, including the Fridericianum, the Wilhelmshöhe castle park and the specially constructed "Aue-Pavillon", or meadow pavilion, designed by French firm Lacaton et Vassal.[24] At documenta (13) (2012), about a fifth of the works were unveiled in places like Kabul, Afghanistan, and Banff, Canada.[13]
There are also a number of works that are usually presented outside, most notably in Friedrichsplatz, in front of the Fridericianum, and the Karlsaue park. To handle the number of artworks at documenta IX, five connected temporary "trailers" in glass and corrugated metal were built in the Karlsaue.[25] For documenta (13), French architects Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal constructed the temporary "Aue-Pavillon" in the park.
Rahmenbau (1977) by Haus Rucker und Co.
A few of the works exhibited at various documentas remained as purchases in Kassel museums. They include 7000 Eichen by Joseph Beuys; Rahmenbau (1977) by Haus-Rucker-Co; Laserscape Kassel (1977) by Horst H. Baumann; Traumschiff Tante Olga (1977) by Anatol Herzfeld; Vertikaler Erdkilometer by Walter De Maria; Spitzhacke (1982) by Claes Oldenburg; Man walking to the sky (1992) by Jonathan Borofsky; and Fremde by Thomas Schütte (one part of the sculptures are installed on Rotes Palais at Friedrichsplatz, the other on the roof of the Concert Hall in Lübeck).
documenta archive
The extensive volume of material that is regularly generated on the occasion of this exhibition prompted Arnold Bode to create an archive in 1961. The heart of the archive’s collection comes from the files and materials of the documenta organization. A continually expanding video and image archive is also part of the collection as are the independently organized bequests of Arnold Bode and artist Harry Kramer.
Management
Visitors
In 1992, on the occasion of documenta IX, for the first time in the history of the documenta, more than half a million people traveled to Kassel.[26] The 2002 edition of documenta attracted 650,000 visitors, more than triple Kassel's population.[27] In 2007, documenta 12 drew 754,000 paying visitors, with more than one-third of the visitors coming from abroad and guests from neighboring Netherlands, France, Belgium and Austria among the most numerous.[28] In 2012, documenta (13) had 904,992 visitors.[21]
References
Adrian Searle (June 11, 2012), "Documenta 13: Mysteries in the mountain of mud", The Guardian.
Roberta Smith (June 14, 2012), Art Show as Unruly Organism The New York Times.
Arnold Bode coined this phrase for the first time in the prologue of the first volume of the catalogue: documenta III. Internationale Ausstellung; Catalogue: Volume 1: Painting and Sculpture; Volume 2: Sketches; Volume 3: Industrial Design, Print; Kassel/Köln 1964; p. XIX
Kimpel, Harald: documenta, Mythos und Wirklichkeit. Köln 1997, ISBN 3-7701-4182-2
Alice Rawsthorn (June 3, 2012), A Symbol Is Born The New York Times.
The documenta IV Exhibition in Kassel (1968) German History in Documents and Images (GHDI).
Helen Chang (June 22, 2007), "Catching the Next Wave In Art at Documenta", The Wall Street Journal.
Roberta Smith (September 7, 2007), "Documenta 5" The New York Times.
Gimeno-Martinez, Javier; Verlinden, Jasmijn (2010). "From Museum of Decorative Arts to Design Museum: The Case of the Design museum Gent". Design and Culture. 2 (3).
dX 1997 Archived 2013-06-14 at the Wayback Machine, documenta XII.
Stephan Valentin (June 12, 2007), An art show in Kassel, Germany, rivals Venice Biennale The New York Times.
Roberta Smith (June 14, 2012), Art Show as Unruly Organism The New York Times.
Kelly Crow (June 8, 2012), A Party, Every Five Years, for 750,000 Guests The Wall Street Journal.
Jerry Saltz (June 15, 2012), Jerry Saltz: "Eleven Things That Struck, Irked, or Awed Me at Documenta 13" New York Magazine.
Michael Brenson (June 15, 1987), "Documenta 8, Exhibition In West Germany", The New York Times.
Michael Kimmelman (July 5, 1992) "At Documenta, It's Survival Of the Loudest", The New York Times.
Jackie Wullschlager (May 19, 2012) Vertiginous doubt Financial Times.
Julia Halperin, Gareth Harris (July 18, 2014) How much are curators really paid? Archived July 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper.
Holland Cotter (22 June 2007). "Asking Serious Questions in a Very Quiet Voice". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-08-29.
Ulrike Knöfel (8 June 2012). "What the 13th Documenta Wants You to See". Der Spiegel.
"904,992 people visit documenta (13) in Kassel". documenta und Museum Fridericianum Veranstaltungs-GmbH. 16 September 2012. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
Russeth, Andrew (2019-02-22). "Ruangrupa Artist Collective Picked to Curate Documenta 15". ARTnews.com. Retrieved 2020-01-05.
"In Germany, Disguising Documentary As Art". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2015-09-28.
Stephan Valentin (June 12, 2007), An art show in Kassel, Germany, rivals Venice Biennale International Herald Tribune.
Roberta Smith (June 22, 1992), A Small Show Within an Enormous One The New York Times.
d9 1992 Archived 2014-02-22 at the Wayback Machine, documenta XII.
Adrian Searle (June 19, 2007), 100 days of ineptitude The Guardian.
Catherine Hickley (September 24, 2007), "Documenta Contemporary Art Show Draws Record 754,000 to Kassel", Bloomberg.
Carly Berwick (May 17, 2007), "Documenta 'Mystery' Artists Are Revealed; Buzz Strategy Fizzles", Bloomberg.
Rachel Donado (April 5, 2017), German Art Exhibition Documenta Expands Into Athens, The New York Times.
Catherine Hickley (November 27, 2017), Documenta manager to leave post after budget overruns The Art Newspaper.
Further reading
Hickley, Catherine (2021-06-18). "This Show Sets the Direction of Art. Its Past Mirrored a Changing World". The New York Times.
Nancy Marmer, "Documenta 8: The Social Dimension?" Art in America, vol. 75, September 1987, pp. 128–138, 197–199.
other biennales :
Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale
Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art
lumbung
Short concept by ruangrupa for documenta 15
"We want to create a globally oriented, cooperative, interdisciplinary art and culture platform that will remain effective beyond the 100 days of documenta fifteen. Our curatorial approach aims at a different kind of collaborative model of resource use—economically, but also in terms of ideas, knowledge, programs, and innovation."
ruangrupa’s central curatorial approach for documenta fifteen is based on the principles of collectivity, resource building, and equal sharing. They aim to appeal not just to an art audience but to a variety of communities, and to promote local commitment and participation. Their approach is based on an international network of local, community-based organizations from the art and other cultural contexts and can be outlined by the Indonesian term lumbung. lumbung, directly translatable as “rice barn,” is a collective pot or accumulation system used in rural areas of Indonesia, where crops produced by a community are stored as a future shared common resource and distributed according to jointly determind criteria. Using lumbung as a model, documenta fifteen is a collective resource pot, operating under the logics of the commons. It is an agglomeration of ideas, stories, (wo)manpower, time, and other shareable resources. At the center of lumbung is the imagination and the building of these collective, shared resources into new models of sustainable ideas and cultural practices. This will be fostered by residencies, assemblies, public activities, and the development of tools.
Interdisciplinarity is key in this process. It is where art meets activism, management, and networking to gather support, understand environments, and identify local resources. These elements then create actions and spaces, intertwine social relations and transactions; they slowly grow and organically find a public form. This is a strategy “to live in and with society.” It imagines the relations an art institution has with its community by being an active constituent of it. Strategies are then developed based on proximity and shared desires.
The main principles of the process are:
• Providing space to gather and explore ideas
• Collective decision making
• Non-centralization
• Playing between formalities and informalities
• Practicing assembly and meeting points
• Architectural awareness
• Being spatially active to promote conversation
• A melting pot for and from everyone’s thoughts, energies, and ideas
#documentakassel
#documenta
#documenta15
#artformat
#formatart
#rundebate
#thierrygeoffroy
#Colonel
#CriticalRun
#venicebiennale
#documentafifteen
#formatart
#documentacritic
#biennalist
#ultracontemporary art
protestart
Reference: Photo 24/(31)
From the Girdwood Collection held by the British Library.
This image is part of the Europeana Collections 1914-1918
Date: 1915
See also:
- View this at the British Library's site
Fonte dell'immagine: La Chiesa di Dio Onnipotente
Condizioni d'Uso: Avviso legale e condizioni per l’uso
Il vero amore per Dio è spontaneo
Tutte le persone sono state sottoposte al raffinamento tramite le parole di Dio. Se non fosse stato per il Dio incarnato, l’umanità non sarebbe affatto benedetta in tale sofferenza. Questo concetto può anche essere espresso come segue: coloro che sono in grado di accettare le prove delle parole di Dio sono persone benedette. Sulla base del calibro originale delle persone, del loro comportamento e dei loro atteggiamenti verso Dio, non sono degne di ricevere questo tipo di raffinamento. Hanno goduto di tale benedizione perché sono state innalzate da Dio. Dicevano che non erano degne di vedere il volto di Dio o di ascoltare le Sue parole. Oggi, è interamente grazie all’elevazione di Dio e alla Sua misericordia che le persone hanno ricevuto il raffinamento delle Sue parole. Questa è la benedizione di ogni singola persona che vive negli ultimi giorni, lo avete sperimentato personalmente? In quali aspetti gli individui debbano soffrire e avere delle battute d’arresto dipende da Dio, e non dalle esigenze delle persone. Questo è assolutamente vero. Ogni credente deve possedere la capacità di subire le prove delle parole di Dio e di soffrire nell’ambito delle Sue parole. Riuscite a capirlo con chiarezza? Pertanto, la sofferenza che hai subito è stata scambiata con le benedizioni odierne; se non soffri per Dio, non puoi ottenere la Sua lode. Forse ti sei lamentato in passato, ma per quanto tu ti sia lamentato, Dio non se ne ricorderà. Oggi è un altro giorno e non vi è motivo di soffermarsi sui problemi di ieri.
Alcune persone dichiarano che cercano di amare Dio ma non ci riescono, e quando sentono dire che Dio sta per allontanarsi, allora provano amore per Lui. In generale, alcune persone non mettono in pratica la verità, e quando sentono dire che Dio sta per allontanarsi adirato, si presentano al Suo cospetto e pregano: “Oh, Dio, Ti prego, non andarTene. Dammi una possibilità! Dio! Non Ti ho soddisfatto in passato; Sono stato Tuo debitore e Ti ho resistito. Oggi sono disposto a offrire pienamente il mio corpo e il mio cuore per poter finalmente soddisfarTi e amarTi. Non avrò più questa opportunità”. Hai mai pregato così? Quando qualcuno prega in questo modo è perché la sua coscienza è stata risvegliata dalle parole di Dio. Gli esseri umani sono tutti intorpiditi e annebbiati mentalmente. Sono soggetti al castigo e al raffinamento ma non sanno ciò che Dio sta realizzando. Se Dio non operasse così, le persone sarebbero ancora confuse e nessuno potrebbe ispirare sentimenti spirituali nei loro cuori. Solo le parole di Dio che esprimono giudizio e rivelano le persone possono portare tale frutto. Pertanto, tutto si ottiene e si adempie tramite le parole di Dio, ed è solo attraverso le Sue parole che è stato suscitato l’amore dell’umanità per Dio. Se le persone amassero Dio basandosi solo sulla propria coscienza, non vedrebbero alcun risultato. Non avveniva forse già in passato che le persone fondassero il loro amore per Dio sulla coscienza? È mai esistita una sola persona che abbia preso l’iniziativa di amare Dio? È solo attraverso l’incoraggiamento delle parole di Dio che Lo hanno amato. Alcune persone dicono: “Seguo Dio da tanti anni e ho ricevuto grandi manifestazioni della Sua grazia, e una moltitudine di benedizioni. Sono stato raffinato e giudicato dalle Sue parole. Tramite ciò sono riuscito a comprendere molte cose e ho visto l’amore di Dio. Devo ringraziarLo, devo ripagare la Sua grazia. Io soddisferò Dio con la morte e baserò il mio amore per Lui sulla mia coscienza”. Basandosi unicamente sui sentimenti della coscienza, le persone non riescono a sentire l’amabilità di Dio; basandosi unicamente sulla coscienza, l’amore per Dio sarà debole. Se parli solo di ripagare la grazia e l’amore di Dio, non avrai alcun impulso nell’amore per Lui; amarLo in base ai sentimenti della coscienza è un approccio passivo. Perché dico che è un approccio passivo? Si tratta di un problema pratico. Che tipo di amore è questo? Non è come cercare di ingannare Dio e agire solo meccanicamente per Lui? La maggior parte delle persone crede che non ci sia alcuna ricompensa per il fatto di amare Dio, e che saranno condannate ugualmente per il fatto di non amarLo, per cui basta semplicemente non peccare. Pertanto, amare Dio e ripagare il Suo amore sulla base dei sentimenti della propria coscienza è un approccio passivo, che non corrisponde all’amore per Dio che sgorga spontaneo dal cuore. L’amore per Dio dovrebbe essere un sentimento autentico che procede dal profondo del cuore di una persona. Alcuni dicono: “Sono disposto a perseguire Dio e a seguirLo. Ora Dio vuole abbandonarmi ma io desidero ancora seguirLo. Che Lui mi voglia o meno, io Lo amerò comunque e alla fine Lo conquisterò. Offro il mio cuore a Dio, e qualunque cosa Egli faccia, Lo seguirò per tutta la vita. Nonostante tutto, devo amare Dio e devo conquistarLo; non avrò pace finché non Lo avrò conquistato”. Possiedi tale volontà?
Il percorso della fede in Dio è il percorso dell’amore per Lui. Se credi in Lui devi amarlo; tuttavia, amare Lui non comporta solo ripagare il Suo amore o amarLo in base ai sentimenti della coscienza: si tratta di amore puro per Dio. A volte le persone si basano solo sulla coscienza e non riescono a sentire l’amore di Dio. Perché ho sempre detto: “Possa lo Spirito di Dio muovere il nostro spirito”? Perché non ho parlato di muovere le coscienze affinché amino Dio? Perché le coscienze delle persone non riescono a sentire la bellezza di Dio. Se non ti lasci convincere da queste parole, puoi usare la tua coscienza per sentire il Suo amore, e avrai un po’ di motivazione in quel momento ma poi essa scomparirà. Se usi la tua coscienza solo per percepire l’amabilità di Dio, hai una motivazione quando preghi, ma dopo essa sparisce, si dissolve. Come mai? Se usi soltanto la tua coscienza, dentro di te non sarai in grado di suscitare l’amore per Dio; quando percepisci davvero la Sua amabilità nel cuore, il tuo spirito sarà mosso da Lui, e solo in quel momento la tua coscienza potrà svolgere il suo ruolo originario. Ciò significa che quando le persone sono state mosse da Dio nel loro spirito e quando il loro cuore ha acquisito conoscenza e incoraggiamento, ossia dopo aver acquisito esperienza, solo allora saranno in grado di amare effettivamente Dio con la coscienza. Amare Dio con la coscienza non è sbagliato: si tratta del livello più basso di amore per Dio. Il modo di amare degli esseri umani, che rende a malapena giustizia alla grazia di Dio, non può assolutamente spingere il loro ingresso proattivo in essa. Quando le persone ottengono una parte dell’opera dello Spirito Santo, cioè quando vedono e gustano l’amore di Dio nella loro esperienza pratica, quando hanno qualche conoscenza di Dio e si accorgono veramente che Dio è autenticamente degno dell’amore dell’umanità e che Egli è infinitamente amabile, ebbene solo allora sono in grado di amare veramente Dio.
Quando le persone contattano Dio tramite i loro cuori ed essi sono in grado di volgersi completamente a Lui, compiono il primo passo dell’amore umano per Dio. Se vuoi amare Dio, devi prima essere in grado di volgere il tuo cuore a Lui. Che significa volgere il cuore a Dio? Significa che tutto ciò che persegui nel tuo cuore è volto all’amore e alla conquista di Dio, e ciò indica che hai rivolto completamente il tuo cuore a Dio. A parte Dio e le Sue parole, non esiste quasi nient’altro nel tuo cuore (famiglia, ricchezza, marito, moglie, figli o altre cose). Anche se esiste, tutto ciò non può occupare il tuo cuore, e non pensi alle tue prospettive future, ma ricerchi solo l’amore per Dio. Quando arriverai a fare ciò, avrai completamente rivolto il tuo cuore a Dio. Supponi che tu stia ancora facendo piani per te stesso nel tuo cuore e che stia continuando a perseguire il tuo vantaggio personale, pensando sempre: “Quando posso fare una piccola richiesta a Dio? La mia famiglia, quando diventerà benestante? Come posso procurarmi dei begli abiti? …” Se stai vivendo in tale stato, ciò prova che il tuo cuore non è pienamente rivolto a Dio. Se hai solo le parole di Dio nel tuo cuore e sei in grado di pregare Dio e di avvicinarti a Lui in ogni momento, come se Egli ti fosse molto vicino, come se fosse dentro di te e tu fossi in Lui, se sei in tale stato, significa che il tuo cuore è stato alla presenza di Dio. Se preghi Dio, nutrendoti ogni giorno delle Sue parole, pensando sempre all’opera della Chiesa, dimostrando considerazione per la volontà di Dio, usando il tuo cuore per amarLo veramente e soddisfare il Suo cuore, il tuo cuore apparterrà a Dio. Se il tuo cuore è occupato da tante altre cose, allora è ancora occupato da Satana e non è veramente rivolto a Dio. Quando il cuore di qualcuno è veramente rivolto a Dio, proverà amore genuino e spontaneo per Lui e potrà ponderare l’opera di Dio. Pur essendoci ancora degli stati di stoltezza e irragionevolezza, queste persone saranno comunque in grado di avere considerazione per gli interessi della casa di Dio, per il Suo lavoro, e per un loro cambiamento di indole. Il loro cuore sarà assolutamente nel giusto Alcune persone sventolano sempre la bandiera della Chiesa, qualunque cosa facciano; la verità è che lo fanno solo per il proprio vantaggio. Sono persone che non possiedono la giusta motivazione. Sono disoneste e ingannevoli, e la maggior parte delle cose che fanno è volta a ricercare il loro tornaconto personale. Questo tipo di persona non persegue l’amore di Dio; il suo cuore appartiene ancora a Satana e non può volgersi verso Dio. Dio non ha modo di ottenere questo tipo di persona.
Il primo passo per amare Dio veramente ed essere conquistati da Lui consiste nel volgere completamente il cuore a Dio. In ogni singola cosa che fai, esamina quello che hai dentro e chiediti: “Ciò che sto facendo scaturisce da un cuore pieno di amore per Dio oppure è mosso da qualche intenzione personale? Qual è il mio obiettivo reale?” Se vuoi consegnare il cuore a Dio, devi prima sottometterlo, rinunciando a tutte le tue intenzioni e raggiungendo il punto di esistere totalmente per Dio. Questa è la strada da seguire per dare il cuore a Dio. Che cosa vuol dire sottomettere il cuore? Significa prendere le distanze dai desideri smodati della propria carne, non desiderare le benedizioni di uno stato sociale o le comodità, fare ogni cosa per soddisfare Dio, e dedicare pienamente il cuore a Lui, e non a sé stessi. Ecco cos’è.
Il vero amore per Dio viene dalla profondità del cuore; è un amore che esiste solo sulla base della conoscenza di Dio da parte dell’umanità. Quando il cuore di qualcuno si rivolge completamente a Dio, nutre l’amore per Dio, ma questo amore non è necessariamente puro né necessariamente completo. Ciò avviene perché esiste una certa distanza tra il cuore di una persona che si rivolge completamente a Dio e la possibilità che essa consegua una vera comprensione e adorazione per Lui. Il modo in cui si può ottenere il vero amore di Dio e conoscere l’indole di Dio consiste nel volgere il proprio cuore a Lui. Dopo aver autenticamente consegnato il proprio cuore a Dio, si comincia a entrare nell’esperienza della vita, con conseguente cambiamento di indole, crescita graduale dell’amore per Dio e della conoscenza di Dio. Quindi, volgere il proprio cuore a Dio rappresenta il prerequisito per imboccare la retta via dell’esperienza di vita. Quando si volge il cuore al cospetto di Dio, esso è pieno di desiderio per Lui, ma non di amore per Lui, perché non si possiede la comprensione di Dio. Anche se in questa circostanza si prova un certo amore per Lui, esso non è né spontaneo né sincero. Ciò avviene perché tutto ciò che proviene dalla carne dell’uomo è un prodotto emotivo e non deriva da una comprensione autentica. Si tratta solo di un impulso momentaneo che non riesce a trasformarsi in adorazione a lungo termine. Quando le persone non hanno comprensione di Dio, possono amarlo solo in base alle proprie preferenze e alle loro nozioni individuali; questo tipo di amore non può essere definito né spontaneo né genuino. Quando il cuore di qualcuno si rivolge veramente verso Dio, è in grado di pensare agli interessi di Dio in tutto, ma se non si possiede alcuna comprensione di Dio non si potrà avere un amore veramente spontaneo. Tutto ciò che si potrà fare sarà compiere alcune funzioni per la Chiesa e svolgere qualche dovere, ma senza avere alcun fondamento. Questo tipo di individuo ha un’indole difficile da cambiare; sono tutte persone che non perseguono la verità o non la capiscono. Anche se una persona rivolge completamente il proprio cuore a Dio, non significa che il cuore pieno di amore per Dio sia completamente puro, perché coloro che hanno Dio nel cuore non necessariamente nutrono amore per Lui. Ciò riguarda la distinzione tra chi persegue e chi non persegue la comprensione di Dio. Se una persona ha comprensione di Lui, è chiaro che il suo cuore si è volto completamente a Dio, e che il suo amore sincero per Dio nel cuore è spontaneo. Solo questo tipo di persona ha Dio nel cuore. Rivolgere il proprio cuore verso Dio è un prerequisito per imboccare la strada giusta, per comprendere Dio e per raggiungere l’amore di Dio. Non rappresenta un indicatore di adempimento del dovere di amare Dio, né è un segno di vero amore per Lui. L’unico modo in cui si può ottenere l’amore genuino di Dio consiste nel rivolgere il cuore a Lui, e ciò dovrebbe anche essere la prima cosa che una delle Sue creature dovrebbe fare. Coloro che amano Dio sono tutte persone che cercano la vita, cioè persone che cercano la verità e vogliono veramente Dio; tutte hanno l’illuminazione dello Spirito Santo e sono state sollecitate da Lui. Sono tutte in grado di essere guidate da Dio.
Quando qualcuno riesce a percepire di essere in debito verso Dio, ciò avviene perché è spinto dallo Spirito; in presenza di tale percezione, tenderà anche ad avere un cuore pieno di desiderio e riuscirà a perseguire l’ingresso nella vita. Se tuttavia ti fermi a un certo punto, non sarai in grado di andare più in profondità; correrai ancora il pericolo di restare intrappolato nella rete di Satana, e, raggiunto un certo punto, ne resterai imprigionato. L’illuminazione di Dio permette alle persone di conoscere sé stesse e, in seguito, di percepire il loro debito verso Dio così come la loro volontà di collaborare con Lui, abbandonando le cose che non Lo compiacciono. Questo è il principio dell’opera di Dio. Siete tutti disposti a perseguire la crescita nella vostra vita e ad amare Dio, e vi siete pertanto liberati della vostra superficialità? Se ti sei solo liberato da questo modo di agire e non causi alcun problema, evitando di metterti in mostra, ciò significa che stai davvero cercando di crescere nella tua vita? Se non mostri alcun comportamento superficiale, ma non entri nelle parole di Dio, significa che sei una persona priva di un progresso proattivo. Qual è l’origine dell’adozione di comportamenti superficiali? Agisci con lo scopo di crescere nella vita? Stai cercando di qualificarti per essere una delle persone scelte da Dio? Qualunque sia la cosa su cui ti concentri, essa corrisponde a ciò che vivi; se ti concentri sulla superficialità, il tuo cuore è focalizzato sulle cose esterne, e non riuscirai in alcun modo a perseguire la crescita nella vita. Dio richiede un cambiamento di indole, ma tu continui a perseguire le cose esterne; questo tipo di persona non avrà modo di cambiare la propria indole! Si comportano tutti in un certo modo prima di diventare maturi nella vita, ossia devono accettare il giudizio, il castigo e il perfezionamento delle parole di Dio. Se non hai le parole di Dio, ma ti basi meramente sulla tua fiducia e sulla tua volontà, tutto quello che fai si fonda semplicemente sullo zelo. In altri termini: se vuoi crescere nella vita, devi nutrirti, e comprendere maggiormente le parole di Dio. Tutti coloro che sono perfezionati dalle Sue parole sono in grado di metterle in pratica; coloro che non subiscono il perfezionamento e il giudizio delle Sue parole, non possono essere idonei a essere usati da Lui. Fino a che punto, quindi, vivete in base alle Sue parole? Solo nutrendovi delle parole di Dio e riuscendo a confrontarle con la vostra condizione di vita, trovando un percorso di pratica nella luce in relazione ai problemi che spiego, la vostra pratica sarà corretta e rispecchierà il cuore di Dio. Solo chi possiede questo tipo di questa pratica ha la volontà di amare Dio.
it.godfootsteps.org/genuine-love-for-god-is-spontaneous.html
The british museum london is a museum that displays the human history as well as culture. The museum has nearly 7 million objects in its collection. The items have their origin from almost all of the continents. The objects are brought here from various cities of the world.
SALKANTAY TREK TO MACHU PICCHU
7 DAYS - 6 NIGHTS
SALKANTAY TREK TO MACHU PICCHU
7 DAYS - 6 NIGHTS
The amazing Salkantay trek to Machupicchu is one of the famous treks in Cusco and the best alternative route to get to Machupicchu. It is takes you through different types of landscapes from the typical Andean landscape up to the snowcapped mountains and down to the tropical forests and finally gets you into the jungle, Salkantay trek named among the 25 best Treks in the World, by National Geographic Adventure Travel Magazine
If you are thinking to do a hiking trip to Machupicchu and you want to be off of the beaten path and be in touch with the nature; Salkantay trek is the best option. Hiking 75 kilometers = 46 miles and reaching the famous Apacheta (mountain offerings) pass 4621masl = 15160ft which is the highest point of the Salkantay trek: enjoying the amazing view during the hike from Mollepata town to Soraypampa base camp at knee of the Umantay mountain. Then to go up to the highest point to enjoy the view of outstanding snow-capped Salkantay mount. This was one of the most important Apus in the Inca period! Then you are going dawn to Chaullay through the beautiful scenery and then go to Santa Teresa to jump into the natural and medicinal hot spring. And finally we reach to Aguas Calientes town for overnight in the hotel and the last day of your adventure you will get up too early to be the firsts ones up in Machupicchu and enjoy the sunrise.
OVERVIEW
Highlight: Hiking alongside the magnificent Apu Salkantay and then arriving at the ruins of Machu Picchu.
Location: The Salkantay trek begins 3 hours drive west of Cusco, Peru. We pass the village of Mollepata and begin hiking at Sayllapata.
Duration: 7 days/ 6 nights
Level: Moderate to Challenging
Adventure Rating: Given the new restrictions on the Inca trail, Salkantay is the second most popular hike in the region and some of the campsites are less remote than on other trails.
Modality: Trekking, Archaeological and Cultural
Ideal for: Adventure Seekers, Couples , Friends, Nature Lovers, Intrepid People
Altitude: 2,800 masl to 4,650 masl
Inka Trail alternative: Yes, the Salkantay trek is an excellent option.
Departure Dates: Daily departures
All private service departure dates are adapted to your request
Trekkers Wanted: If you wish to join a group tour, please see Next Departures 2014.You can also form your own tour to be advertised on this page. Maximum group size 10.
ITINERARY - SALKANTAY TREK TO MACHU PICCHU 7 DAYS - 6 NIGHTS
DAY 1: : Transfer Airport - Cusco Hotel, City Tour(Afternoon)
See and hear about the 6 archaeological sites of Cusco - the Cathedral, Koricancha (Temple of the Sun), Sacsayhuaman, Q'enqo, Pucapucara and Tambomachay.
DAY 2: Sacred Valley Tour (Full Day)
Visit the Sacred Valley of the Incas on this full-day monumental tour.
Sacred Valley Itinerary:
Visit Pisac Market & Ruins
Ollantaytambo
Chinchero
Chinchero Market
DAY 3: Cusco - Mollepata - Marcocasa - Soraypampa.
We will pick you up from your hotel in Cusco from 5: 00 am to 5:30 am to go by bus to Mollepata. Begin a spectacular scenic drive through the Anta plains with beautiful and panoramic views of the majestic Salkantay and other mountains covered with snow, and the Valley of Apurimac River. After two and a half hours drive we stop in Mollepata to have breakfast for last minute supplies, leg-stretching or to use the bathrooms, before continuing to Marcocasa. There we will meet with our support staff. They will load the equipment on horses and mules. Around 9:30 a.m. we will star our trek toward Soraypampa (3900 meters above sea level) if we keep a regular pace we will take 4 hours approximately to reach to Soraypampa the first camp site where will have lunch after lunch in the afternoon we have an option to go up to Umantay lake (4200masl) which takes 3 hours hike back and forth from the camp to see the glacier lake of Umantay. But if we keep slow pace; we will have lunch at halfway between Soraypampa and Marco Casa maybe after 3 hours of hiking. And after that we hike two a half hours more to Soraypampa. Anyway our camp is going be at Soraypampa. Sleeping tents will be ready and we will have a warm delicious dinner in the evening.
Meals: Lunch, Dinner.
Overnight: Soraypampa in the tents.
Maximum Altitude: 3850 masl.
Minimum Altitude: 2850 masl.
Hiking distance: 14 km approx.
DAY 4: Soraypampa - Salkantay Pass - Huayramachay – Chaullay
Today early in the morning we will wake you up with the coca tea. Around 6:00 we will have a nutritious breakfast around 7:00 am we will start the hardest day of the whole Salkantay trek; we will be walking up to the highest point of the trek. After 6 kilometers uphill through the magnificent scenery of Rocky Mountains and enjoying the view of Salkantay mount. We reach the top of the trek. We will appreciate spectacular views of the mountains and the imposing snowy peaks of the Salkantay (6264 meters above sea level) which is known as the second highest mountain of the Cusco region. After 2 hours downhill around 1:00 p.m. we will have our delicious Peruvian lunch, in the area called Huayracmachay. Then we continue our hike to Chaullay approximately 3 hours of downhill we will get to our camp in Chaullay = 2900 masl Where we will have the sleeping tents ready. Around 7: 00 pm we will have dinner to recover energy from the trek.
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner.
Overnight: Chaullay in the tents.
Maximum Altitude: 4650 masl.
Minimum Altitude: 2920 masl.
hiking distance: 20km to Chaullay.
DAY 5: Chaullay - Collpapampa - La Playa - Santa Teresa (Cola de Mono Campsite)
Around 7:30 am; we will start our trek to La Playa through the Santa Teresa valley. We will hike 6 hours approximately during the hike will see: water fall, orchids, coffee, banana, avocado plantations and we will taste the famous passion fruit or granadilla and also we will see a village call Colpapampa also call the “forest cloudy brow” where waterfalls, thermal hot springs, fruit-bearing trees, varied flora, and birds can be observed. If we are lucky, we will be able to see the famous bird called “the Cock of the Rocks”. After lunch at La playa, we will catch a local transportation to Santa Teresa. Where will have an overnight at “cola de mono” campsite. We are the only trekking company allow camping there. In the afternoon we may go to Santa Teresa´s hot spring to enjoy it. Then back at the campsite for happy hours and dinner.
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner.
Overnight: Santa Teresa “cola de mono campsite” in the tents.
Maximum Altitude: 2920 masl.
Minimum Altitude: 1600 masl.
Hiking distance: 15km approx.
DAY 6: Santa Teresa (Cola de Mono Campsite) - Hidroeléctrica - Aguas Calientes
After of our delicious breakfast we are going to walk approximately 7 hours. Around 8:30 a.m. we start our trek to Colpani village we will have the opportunity to see coca farms, mandarin, orange and yucca. And a lovely view of the Santa Teresa Valley. We follow along the riverside of Vilcanota River until arrive to the Oroya (cable bridge) then we keep going to Hidroelectrica where will have our lunch. After lunch we going to walk along the train track but on the base of Machupicchu and Waynapicchu Mountain from the way we will see Machupicchu. After two a half hours hike we will be at Aguas Calientes town: base town of Machupicchu for overnight in the hotel and dinner at the local restaurant.
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner.
Overnight: in Aguas Calientes at the hotel which included in the package.
Maximum Altitude: 2350 masl.
Minimum Altitude: 2000 masl.
Hiking distance: 18 km approx.
DAY 7: Aguas Calientes - Machu Picchu - Ollantaytambo – Cusco
Today early in the morning after breakfast at the hotel you will be able to choose between. Walk up to Machupicchu. Or take bus up to Machupicchu. Any way we will be the first ones into Machupicchu to enjoy the sunrise and you will have two a half hours guided tour. Then you will have the free time to explore Machupicchu by yourselves or if you desire, ascent toward the Huaynapicchu Mountain. Or climb to Machupicchu montaña. After Machupicchu you are going back to Aguas Calientes to take a train to Ollantaytambo and from there by bus back to Cusco. The bus drops you off at your hotel in Cusco.
Meals: Breakfast.
WHAT IS INCLUDED?
Hoteles in Cusco
Day 1: City Tour Half Day
Day 2: Sacred Valley Tour Full Day
Pre-departure briefing at the office in Cusco
Collection from your hotel in the morning and transfer in private transportation to Marcocasa (starting point of the trek).
Personal tents: 2 people in each 4-people-capacity tent, to allow for higher comfort and a safe keeping of backpacks. Our tents are 3-season, highly maintained to ensure an excellent performance in field. Kailas, Pro Aconcagua and Rei 4 Outfitter tents are employed when double accommodation is requested.
One sleeping pad per person.
1 Blanket. Or Liner.
One pillow per person.
Dining tent with tables and chairs
Kitchen tent
English speaking professional and official tourist guide (2 guides for groups of over 10 people)
1 night accommodation in Aguas Calientes
Chef and cooking equipment
Pack animals (to carry tents, food and cooking equipment) – days 1 to 4
Pack animals to carry personal gear up to a maximum of 7kg per person (including sleeping pad and sleeping bag) – days 1 to 4
1 emergency horse every 8 persons – days 1 to 3
Accommodation for all our staff
Meals (4B, 4L, 4D + daily morning snack + daily tea service except last day). Vegetarian or special menus are available at no extra cost
One textile snack bag per person, to avoid the usage of plastic bags that contaminate our environment
Boiled filtered water every day since the first lunch. For your water bottles.
Bio-degradable personal hand soaps
Bio-degradable dishwashing detergents used by our kitchen staff
Others: hot water every morning and evening for washing purposes / boiled water to fill in your water bottle every morning and night, and at lunch time if requested with enough time ahead
First-aid kit including emergency oxygen bottle
Machupicchu entrance fee
One way bus ticket from Aguas Calientes to Machupicchu on day 4
Expedition Train from Aguas Calientes to Cusco. Upgrade to Vistadome or Hiram Bingham service, availability upon request.
Transfer from train station to the hotel in Cusco
24-h guest service: please ask for the emergency number available during your time of visit.
WHAT IS NOT INCLUDED?
Entrance fees - You need to purchase the Boleto de Turistico at the first site you enter (Soles 130 per person; valid for 10 days and allows you entrance into 16 various sites around Cusco and the Sacred Valley).
Entrance to visit the Cathedral of Cusco. S/25 Soles
Entrance to Visit Coricancha. S/ 10 Soles
Meals in Cusco
Day 3: breakfast on day one.
Lunch on the last day after the guided tour at Machu Picchu
Walking Sticks
Sleeping bag: you may rent it from us. Our sleeping bags are -20ºC-comfort (0ºF), mummy form and include a sleeping liner. They are cleaned after every use and have a maximum usage of 30 trips.
OPTIONAL AND RENTALS
Extra night in Aguas Calientes $50 (or email us for alternate options). We will just need to arrange your train back to Cusco for the following day.
Please tell us before final booking process.
Personal horse and horsemen for riding or carrying extra personal belongings while on the trek.
Extra cost is $80 for the trek.
Therma-rest inflatable sleeping pad rent: US$ 5.00 per day
Entrance to the Hot Springs in Santa Teresa.
How about one of these.........
www.showrods.com/showrod_pages/calfornian.html
This is how Lino likes to supply me 'By Random Appointment' - which means, "Hey build on of these cars, and there is only one or two pictures, and about a paragraph of info."
So, here we go.
The Bradley Californian appears to be a customising kit for a scale-model car. The car base to customised appears to be a late-1960s Oldsmobile Toronado - this is indicated in part by the shape (including some detail formwork) and the mention of front-wheel-drive. The original car was designed by vehicle-customiser Harry Bradley. From my research it is not clear whether this car was ever built as a full-size concept - but you'd have to imagine so, given the existence of the model kit.
What else can I add?
I really like the nose - very period Pontiac, and quite aggressive. The free-standing headlamps - a motif used at a similar time as the ultra-exclusive Stutz Motor Corporation product - looks less weird than it sounds. I really like the bladed fender fronts - a design element I went to great trouble to work into the design.
Along the side, I don't mind the side window treatment and the side-mount exhaust. The triple-bladed red glass treatment is distinctive, but seems to not sit ideally with the rest of the design - so I haven't made up my mind yet.
Then we get to the back.
Boomerang tail lamps are ok. But these small rear wings are a big fail. Not only do they not add any function, but they would likely be damaged very easily, are likely to slice your stomach when putting things in the trunk, and plain look weird.
Overall though - quite a solid effort, and generally quite restrained (aside from the wings).
Kern Invite - 11/01/08
Hart Park - Bakersfield, CA
www.andynoise.com/kernxcinvite08.html
Varsity Girls - 2008 Kern County Cross Country
Championships
School Athlete Time Overall Scoring Team
1. Ridgeview Tijerra Lynch 18:58.24 1 1 1
2. Shafter Elizabeth Wittenberg 19:02.62 2 2 1
3. Garces Monica Guzman 19:15.89 3 3 1
4. North Celilia Lopez 19:21.87 4 4 1
5. Ridgeview Ashley Duran 19:23.47 5 5 2
6. Ridgeview Jessica Huizar 19:25.81 6 6 3
7. Foothill Natalie Fernandez 19:35.65 7 7 1
8. East Lucia Garcia 19:46.20 8 x 1
9. Stockdale Amber Nelson 19:59.40 9 8 1
10. Taft Megan Thompson 20:01.34 10 x 1
11. Stockdale Carolin Haney 20:01.70 11 9 2
12. Stockdale Shelbe Pennel 20:03.86 12 10 3
13. Shafter Moriah Milwee 20:05.23 13 11 2
14. Ridgeview Desiree Armendariz 20:08.00 14 12 4
15. Arvin Tanya Hernandez 20:10.02 15 x 1
16. Highland Nichole Berry 20:19:01 16 13 1
17. BHS Sarah Baker 20:25.37 17 14 1
18. North Medeline Maier 20:29.38 18 15 2
19. Ridgeview Monica Lazo 20:33.39 19 16 5
20. Shafter Lindsee Handel 20:36.70 20 17 3
21. Centennial Jessica Folsom 20:41.80 21 18 1
22. BHS Emily Shuford 20:45.35 22 19 2
23. Ridgeview Linda Gonzalez 20:58:28 23 20 6
24. BHS Gabrielle Lerma 21:03.97 24 21 3
25. Stockdale Courtney Moore 21:06.02 25 22 4
26. North Meagan Menzel 21:10.17 26 23 3
27. BHS Gracie Garcia 21:11.76 27 24 4
28. Foothill Perla Veloz 21:13.21 28 25 2
29. Foothill Crystal Rodriguez 21:20.30 29 26 3
30. Independence Katelynn Webb 21:21.51 30 27 1
31. Golden Valley Karina Rocha 21:23.57 31 28 1
32. Shafter Katerina Plaza 21:27.21 32 29 4
33. North Blanca Perez 21:27.98 33 30 4
34. Wasco Amanda Castellon 21:28.25 34 31 1
35. Foothill Kaitlyn Mrasak 21:31.45 35 32 4
36. Tehachapi Brenda Gonzalez 21:33.34 36 33 1
37. Highland Gabi Rodier 21:34.56 37 34 2
38. Centennial Margaret Martinez 21:35.39 38 35 2
39. Stockdale Cynthia Lopez 21:35.61 39 36 5
40. Centennial Jessica Crowe 21:43.49 40 37 3
41. Highland Hilaria Vasquez 21:43.76 41 38 3
42. North Yadira Perez 21:49.62 42 39 5
43. Foothill Erica Castro 21:53.39 43 40 5
44. Centennial Stephanie Dittman 21:55.56 44 41 4
45. Independence Natalie Ambriz 22:08.45 45 42 2
46. Stockdale Madison Schutzner 22:14.92 46 43 6
47. Highland Katherine Mayberry 22:16.42 47 44 4
48. Centennial Jorey Braughton 22:18.95 48 45 5
49. North Kaylee Meyer 22:20.98 49 46 6
50. Garces Lauren Brown 22:21.19 50 47 2
51. Golden Valley Denise Silva 22:23.90 51 48 2
52. Foothill Violeta Quintanar 22:24.92 52 49 6
53. Highland Desiree Martinez 22:25.59 53 50 5
54. Independence Sara Sullivan 22:25.95 54 51 3
55. Garces Lizbeth Lopez 22:28.11 55 52 3
56. Garces Tammy Vu 22:35.68 56 53 4
57. West Selam Habebo 22:39.75 57 x 1
58. Shafter Leana Lara 22:51.69 58 54 5
59. Independence Carlie Croxton 22:55.06 59 55 4
60. Cesar Chavez Rosa Montanez 22:57.28 60 x 1
61. Foothill Maria Zepeda 22:57.55 61 56 7
62. Garces Marissa Machado 22:57.92 62 57 5
63. Shafter Mayra Torres 23:00.88 63 58 6
64. Golden Valley Carmelita Aguilar 23:04.07 64 59 3
65. Ridgeview M. Salgado 23:14.56 65 60 7
66. Golden Valley Anna Avina 23:20.23 66 61 4
67. Golden Valley Ninive Alveno 23:26.73 67 62 6
68. Golden Valley Mercedes Salgado 23:26.73 68 63 5
69. Centennial Paige Anderson 23:30.27 69 64 6
70. Garces Sammie Lobardo 23:34.37 70 65 6
71. Arvin Bianca Quinonez 23:41.85 71 x 2
72. Kern Valley S. Hinkey 23:42.47 72 x 1
73. Frontier Ariel Driskill 23:43.12 73 66 1
74. Centennial J. Estrada 23:50.91 74 67 7
75. Kern Valley S. Hazzard 23:51.80 75 x 2
76. Garces G. Ortiz 23:54.66 76 68 7
77. North Priscilla Cruz 23:55.51 77 69 7
78. BHS Kristina Logan 24:04.10 78 70 5
79. Frontier Jasmine Mattos 24:05.42 79 71 2
80. Stockdale Delilah Diaz 24:10.83 80 72 7
81. West Wennie Agbalog 24:28.90 81 x 2
82. Wasco Anna Orozco 24:29.57 82 73 2
83. Wasco Ruby Jacabo 24:30.22 83 74 3
84. Tehachapi Anna Duke 24:33.57 84 75 2
85. Wasco S. Castellon 24:42.66 85 76 6
86. Independence Shelby Woolf 24:58.35 86 77 6
87. BHS Sarah Stidham 24:58.76 87 78 6
88. Arvin Gaby Gomez 25:04.17 88 x 3
89. Highland Cristina Valenzuela 25:05.21 89 79 6
90. McFarland Monica Gonzalez 25:42.30 90 x 1
91. Tehachapi Susie Cuevas 25:57.15 91 x 3
92. Wasco B. Medina 26:00.11 92 80 4
93. Cesar Chavez Shannan Albay 26:00.32 93 x 2
94. BC Tiffany Rodriguez 26:26.77 94 x 1
95. Tehachapi Ariel Deval 26:50.73 95 81 4
96. Wasco A. Rios 27:14.74 96 82 5
97. Independence Samantha Antu 27:17.44 97 83 5
98. Tehachapi L. Shoemaker 27:44.92 98 84 5
99. BC Victoria Wheeler 28:09.47 99 x 2
100. Tehachapi J. Bahera 29:20:93 100 85 6
101. Frontier T. See 29:29.12 101 86 3
102. Frontier Savanah Olson 30:18.04 102 87 4
103. Frontier A. Rojas NT 103 88 5
Εισαγωγή
χριστιανική ταινία «Λαχτάρα» Ο Θεός αποκαλύπτει το μυστήριο της βασιλείας των ουρανών
Πριν από δύο χιλιάδες χρόνια, ο Κύριος Ιησούςυποσχέθηκε στους πιστούς του: «υπάγω να σας ετοιμάσω τόπον· και αφού υπάγω και σας ετοιμάσω τόπον, πάλιν έρχομαι και θέλω σας παραλάβει προς εμαυτόν, διά να είσθε και σεις, όπου είμαι εγώ.» (Κατά Ιωάννην, 14:2-3). Λόγω αυτού, γενιές πιστών επιμένουν πεισματικά να ελπίζουν και να προσεύχονται για την εκπλήρωση της υπόσχεσης του Κυρίου. Ελπίζουν και προσεύχονται ότι θα αρπαγούν στους ουρανούς για να συναντήσουν τον Κύριο και να μπουν στη βασιλεία των ουρανών, όταν έρθει ο Κύριος. Αυτό περιγράφει και τον πρωταγωνιστή της ταινίας, Τσεν Σιάνγκ-Γκουάνγκ. Είναι ενθουσιώδης αναζητών, διαδίδει το Ευαγγέλιο και γίνεται μάρτυρας στον Κύριο, για να υποδεχτεί την έλευση του Κυρίου. Αν και απολύθηκε από τη θέση του σε ένα σχολείο και η οικογένειά του δεν του δείχνει κατανόηση, στην καρδιά του ποτέ δεν απελπίζεται. Μια μέρα, σε κάποια συνάντηση, ο Τσεν Σιάνγκ-Γκουάνγκ συλλαμβάνεται και φυλακίζεται από την κινέζικη κομμουνιστική κυβέρνηση. Κάτω από τη θαυμαστή εξουσία και τα σχέδια του Θεού, γνωρίζει τον Ζάο Ζιμίνγκ, έναν Χριστιανό από την Εκκλησία του Παντοδύναμου Θεού. Ο Ζάο Ζιμίνγκ του δίνει τη μαρτυρία του για την εμφάνιση και το έργο του Θεού τις έσχατες ημέρες, δίνοντας τέλος σε μια σειρά ετών γεμάτα αντιλήψεις και φαντασίες, στα οποία έλπιζε και προσευχόταν για την επιστροφή του Κυρίου. Βγαίνοντας από τη φυλακή, ο Τσεν Σιάνγκ-Γκουάνγκ οδηγεί τους αδελφούς και τις αδελφές του να ερευνήσουν το έργο του Παντοδύναμου Θεού τις έσχατες ημέρες. Τελικά, όλοι καταλαβαίνουν τι σημαίνει η αρπαγή στη Βασιλεία των Ουρανών, αν η βασιλεία είναι στη γη ή στον ουρανό και πώς πρέπει οι άνθρωποι να υποδεχτούν την επιστροφή του Κυρίου...
Πηγή εικόνας: Εκκλησία του Παντοδύναμου
Όροι Χρήσης: el.kingdomsalvation.org/disclaimer.html
Hina Rabbani Khar www.thesaturdaypost.com/rv_37_hinakhar.html (Urdu: حنا ربانی کھر ) (born 1977) is a Pakistani member of parliament, affiliated with the PPP. She served as the State Minister for Economic Affairs and Statistics (without any real world experience or academic qualification) as National Assembly member of PML-Q in (2003-2007) & as an MNA and adviser to Prime Minister for PPP (2008 - Present). Q was heavily defeated in 2008 Elections due to economic mismanagement and shortage of food, water and energy. Q refused the ticket for re-election in 08 to Hina Khar. PPP resuced Hina Khar by offering her the ticket in 08. She is PPPs federal minister these days.
Hina Rabbani Khar is rich and famous privileged daughter of feudal politician Ghulam Noor Rabbani Khar who was ineligible for elections because he did not have a university degree www.verveonline.com/26/people/tehmina/tehmina.shtml) and niece of infamous playboy ( www.jazbah.org/bookmfl.php chief minister of Punjab Ghulam Mustafa Khar, who abandoned Bhutto and was exiled from Pakistan for a decade in 77 in a deal with General Zia, to avoid jail time. The Khar political lure comes from the family's land holdings: their sprawling estate includes fisheries, mango orchards and sugarcane fields manned by thousands of poor workers of Punjab. www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/feb/18/pakistan
Khar received a B.Sc. from Lahore University of Management Sciences in 1999 and went on to earn a M.Sc. in hospitality trade and tourism from the University of Massachusetts in 2001. In 2008, she was named to the World Economic Forum's list of young global leaders.In 2008, Hina was elected as a member of National Assembly with a ticket from PPP from the constituency of Muzaffargarh, Punjab. She is adviser to Prime Minister of Pakistan on Economic and Financial affairs.
She owns an upscale ritzy restaurant Polo Lounge with expensive european menu www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_18-1-2004_pg... in Lahore. She Says: This is a place for people with discerning taste who can appreciate good quality food and (upscale) environment.Her dream is to become Prime Minister of Pakistan one day and possibly join PML(n) in next government. She regards Musharraf and Zardari as visionary leaders. www.pakistanileaders.com.pk/profilesdetail.php?id=257
And talking of failures, it was most interesting to see Hina Rabbani Khar vent her ire at the miserable performance of the previous Shaukat Aziz government. It is amazing how some of our politicians change their views and loyalties effortlessly in tune with changing times. It was not that long ago that the same Hina Rabbani Khar could be heard praising Shaukat Aziz and his economic genius to no end. Of course at the time, she was sitting on the PML-Q occupied treasury benches. Being a wily Khar after all, she smelled the change in the air and joined the PPP a few weeks prior to the general elections and she is, once again, looking pretty and sitting pretty as always on the treasury benches. On a second thought maybe her politics is constant: that of occupying a treasury bench. Period!
/print1.asp?id=118520
She says she loves diamonds, pearls, rubies, designer purses, expensive shades and fast expensive cars. She admits she knows nothing about real economics or finance but loves to give interviews about Pakistan Economy and pretend to be expert. or sit with global financial leaders and sign documents, she says my job is to charm western leadership by looking good. When asked what she likes about her job, after a long pause she replied, frequent free first class trips outside Pakistan, staying in luxury hotels, shopping and receiving expensive gifts.
Our feudal and their kins have always saluted the power and the rule, and their this flexibility has made them the masters of our wretched destinies.
Photos taken of Jan and Dean taken June 1987 at the Dardenella Bar at Wasaga Beach
After concert Jan signed autographs for concert goers.In 2004 Jan Berry
died. Today Dean Torrence still tours.
For more information on Jan and Berry check websites below :
www.jananddean-janberry.com/main/
www.surfcityallstars.com/torrence.html
JAN AND DEAN
Jan Berry and Arnie Ginsburg decided they had what it took to be a music act. How hard could it be? Seems Arnie had come up with a song based on a real person...a stripper named Jennie Lee, "The Bazoom Girl," charter member of the "League of Exotic Dancers." Arnie, 18 years old and sowing a few wild oats, had caught her act at an L.A. burlesque club. It was 1958; Jan was still in high school and missed out on Arnie's "adult" excursion. The guys got together in the garage at Jan's home in Westwood with an Ampex reel-to-reel recorder Jan's dad had gotten him and began harmonizing, doo wop style, while another friend, Donald Altfeld, supplied makeshift percussion (banging on sticks). A primitive, echo-drenched version of "Jennie Lee" was the result.
It didn't take much effort on the part of Jan and Arnie to get the song released on Arwin Records, owned by Doris Day's husband Marty Melcher. Joe Lubin, A&R man for the Hollywood-based label, heard the tape and felt strongly enough about its potential that he got together with the guys do a more polished version, but insisted on duplicating the sound he heard on the tape. An all night session with Lubin in Jan's garage produced a second take as well as "Gotta Getta Date," written on the fly by the three and recorded in the early morning hours for use as the single's B side. Back in the studio, Lubin hired the best session men in town (guitarist Rene Hall, saxophonist Plas Johnson, pianist Ernie Freeman and drummer Earl Palmer) and overdubbed the band for the finished product. It was an unconventional way to make a record...but not all that uncommon in the early rock and roll environment of the late '50s.
The song caught on, hit big (top ten in June '58), and Berry and Ginsburg found themselves appearing onstage doing rock shows with some of the hottest names of the era in a blur of bright lights and adoring female fans that began to affect Arnie in a stressful, emotional way. Not everyone, it seems, is cut out for instant stardom. Jan was fine with it. The follow-up, "Gas Money" (Altfeld shared writer credit with Berry and Ginsburg on this one), hit the charts less impressively while hinting at a car-and-hot-rod direction the act (or Jan at least) would explore more deeply in the future. The third Arwin single didn't sell and the duo appeared to be done, which was okay by Arnie, mentally and physically drained and ready to move into a less manic vocation. He quit to attend the University of Southern Cal, leaving Jan, wound up and ready for more, with the task of finding another singing partner.
An old football buddy, Dean Torrence, had just returned from six months' initial training with the U.S. Army Reserve and was game to take over where Ginsburg left off. The two had met at Emerson Junior High in Westwood several years earlier, playing on the school football team there and at University High School right up through graduation. Locker room harmonizing had become a regular routine with other school athletes joining in; roughhousing on the gridiron, singing in the showers. A school club called The Barons, counting Jan, Dean, future actor James Brolin and pounding-drum devotee Sandy Nelson among its members, did some impromptu singing as well. It was a no-brainer in 1959 for Jan and Dean to attempt to continue what Jan and Arnie had begun.
Budding record industry everyman Kim Fowley, another classmate of Jan, Arnie and Dean at University High, recommended the new duo to Lou Adler and Herb Alpert, producers at Los Angeles label Dore (upon meeting them, Adler said they had a "very California look" in contrast to the Philadelphia breed of teen idols saturating the biz at the time). For "Baby Talk" (penned by Melvin Schwartz), a recent release by Brooklyn doo wop group The Laurels, Jan and Dean put more emphasis on the song's nonsense baby syllables; their version hit the national top ten in September 1959. Several follow-up singles on Dore appeared on the charts in '59 and '60: Alpert and Adler's "There's a Girl," the oldtime standard "Clementine" (eclipsed by Bobby Darin's rendition, released at about the same time) and two older R&B hits-turned-teen-tunes, The Moonglows' "We Go Together" and The Crows' "Gee."
With a solid track record, Jan and Dean approached Liberty, one of L.A.'s top record companies, in the hopes of working with the label's bigtime hitmaking team and securing longer-term success. A demo of Hoagy Carmichael and Frank Loesser's 1938 tune "Heart and Soul" done up J&D style was rejected by the label, though they were interested in signing the duo. The two instead took the song to Gene Autry's Challenge Records, relying on their gut instinct that it would be a hit (even though a version by The Cleftones was already scaling the charts). It was; number one in Los Angeles in June '61 and a top 30 hit nationally (the markedly different-sounding Cleftones record did reach the top 20 a few weeks earlier, winning the overall competition). After one other Challenge 45, "Wanted, One Girl," Jan recorded a solo single, "Tomorrow's Teardrops," released by Alpert and Adler on a "just for fun" label, Ripple Records. In late 1961, Jan and Dean signed a long-term contract with Liberty.
Early Liberty efforts were a bit directionless as they stayed with the previously established formula. "A Sunday Kind of Love" (a Louis Prima standard best known through Jo Stafford's 1947 hit and a 1953 R&B version by New York group The Harptones) hit the charts briefly in early 1962. "Tennessee," with a doo wop hook not unlike the ones in "Jennie Lee" and "Baby Talk," had a slightly better run a few months later. "Linda," written in the '40s by Jack Lawrence, showed promise when adjusted to Jan and Dean mode in spring 1963, a top 40 hit but just the third overall among more than a dozen releases since '59.
The Beach Boys had been together for two years and were really heating up at about this time, opening for Jan and Dean in concert and serving as the duo's backing band onstage. Jan began writing songs with the group's leader Brian Wilson and their composition of "Surf City" opened the world of surf music to J&D and hit number one on the charts in July '63. Suddenly Jan and Dean and the Beach Boys were competing with one another...and the leader of the latter was consorting with the enemy! Of course it was a friendly rivalry and Wilson continued to contribute songs, usually in collaboration with Berry and Roger Christian, a songwriter and well-known Los Angeles disc jockey. "Honolulu Lulu," a Berry-Christian-Spunky song ("Spunky" being another case of Lou Adler just "having fun"), was a fall '63 hit in the surf-and-beach vein, then Jan and Dean took the next logical step into the drag race craze (as the Beach Boys had done on the B sides of their last few surf hits) with the first of several hot rod and/or car songs. "Drag City," written by Berry, Christian and Brian Wilson, went top ten in January 1964.
Jan Berry began writing and producing outside acts, among them The Matadors, who backed Jan and Dean on many of their studio recordings. He and Art Kornfeld composed The Angels' 1963 hit "I Adore Him" and with Christian he contributed "Three Window Coupe" to The Rip Chords' run of car song smashes in '64. Dean Torrence went in another direction during what little free time he had, attending USC and studying a number of subjects, including architecture and science. At the start of 1964, the guys came up with a song that crossed the car craze with the "teen death" movement going strong since the start of the decade: "Dead Man's Curve" (the nickname of an actual stretch of Sunset Boulevard) was deemed a bit dark by Liberty Records brass, so they made sure it was backed with a "happy" song, "The New Girl in School," promoting the record as a double A side. Both songs were hits, but "Dead Man's Curve" was bigger and landed them back in the top ten. The song's impact didn't end there, though; in a couple of years it would become a permanent, and tragic, part of the Jan and Dean story.
Donald Altfeld turned a possible hallucination into a major hit for his longtime pals. One night while driving down Colorado Boulevard in Pasadena, he swore he saw a little old grandmother-type in a hot, souped-up rod speed past him. The illusion became reality after that, when he and Roger Christian wrote "The Little Old Lady (From Pasadena)," another top ten for Jan and Dean during the summer of '64. At the same time, the Dodge Dealers of Southern California came up with a series of TV commercials with actress Kathryn Minner as a Granny in '...a brand new shiny red Super Stock Dodge,' as the song described. The spots were popular and Minner became a star, causing a sensation at personal appearances and even appearing with Jan and Dean on the cover of their album titled after the hit song.
Next up was the theme from the summer film "Ride the Wild Surf" starring Fabian and Shelley Fabares, backed with "The Anaheim, Azusa and Cucamonga Sewing Circle, Book Review and Timing Association," the logical follow-up to "Little Old Lady," featuring an entire group of Grannies hipper than yourself. "Sidewalk Surfin'" made sure skateboarders weren't overlooked; it used the melody of Wilson's Beach Boys tune "Catch a Wave."
The T.A.M.I. Show was a big event for rock music fans, hosted by Jan and Dean during two nights of filming in October 1964 at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium. Shot on videotape and later transferred to film for a theatrical premiere in December, the all-star concert featured James Brown, The Rolling Stones, Lesley Gore, The Supremes, J&D partners-in-crime the Beach Boys and many others. The film's theme, "(Here They Come) From All Over the World," was written by P.F. Sloan and Steve Barri (of The Fantastic Baggys, another sometimes-backup band for Jan and Dean) and a live performance by the duo was released as a single, even though the version heard at the beginning of the film was a studio recording.
Following the high of hosting one of the all time great, star-studded music movies, Jan and Dean's singles began showing sings of weakness. Like Brian Wilson, Berry and Torrence were huge fans of producer Phil Spector; "You Really Know How to Hurt a Guy" was produced by Jan in a Spectoresque "Wall of Sound" style and hit the top 40 at the start of summer 1965. Sloan and Barri's "I Found a Girl" had more in common with their early recordings and was also a top 40 hit. Jan released another solo single, his one attempt at a protest song, "The Universal Coward" (a takeoff on "The Universal Soldier," a fall '65 hit for both Donovan and Glen Campbell), but like the earlier Berry single, it didn't catch on. Meanwhile, Dean sang on the early 1966 Beach Boys hit "Barbara Ann." When the Batman TV series premiered on ABC-TV in January and immediately dominated in the ratings, the duo released their own "Batman" single (with no similarities to the show's theme by Neal Hefti), a cartoonish take on Gotham City's dependancy on the Caped Crusader.
If the best days were behind them, any chance of a resurgence was extinguished in April 1966 when Jan Berry ran into a parked truck while driving his Corvette Stingray not far from the location detailed so morbidly in "Dead Man's Curve." He suffered brain damage and paralysis resulting in limited use of his limbs, including his legs (doctors diagnosed that he would never be able to walk again). The likelihood of his making records or performing in the future was slim, but Dean Torrence continued solo, releasing several singles under the name of the duo. Their contract with Liberty had expired and the label released a few older recordings as singles, including the act's last top 40 hit that summer, "Popsicle" (a remix of a 1963 recording, "Popsicle Truck"). Dean formed the J&D label and licensed one track, "Yellow Balloon," to Columbia Records (competing in the spring of '67 with a version by a band named The Yellow Balloon, which became the hit). He also started his own company, Kittyhawk Graphics, geared specifically toward creating logos and cover art for music acts and, with artist Gene Brownell, won a Grammy Award in the category of Best Album Cover for designing the cover art for the 1971 release by the band Pollution.
There were no further chart appearances for the duo after 1967. Berry rehabbed successfully enough over the next few years to return to studio recording and the two worked together off and on. Live appearances were trickier, as Jan's struggles were all too obvious to concertgoers, but they kept at it and made regular appearances in the '70s and '80s as headliners (with a new backup band, Papa Doo Run Run, named after a variation on the lyrical intro of "The New Girl in School") and as an opening act for longtime colleagues The Beach Boys. Jan Berry passed away in 2004 at the age of 62. Dean Torrence still performs occasionally under the name The Jan and Dean Show in memory of his close friend and musical other half. Music fans will always keep that image of two guys with a "very California look" in their minds and hearts.
- Michael Jack Kirby
NOTABLE SINGLES:
Jennie Lee - 1958
by Jan and Arnie
Gas Money - 1958
by Jan and Arnie
Baby Talk - 1959
There's a Girl - 1959
Clementine - 1960
We Go Together - 1960
Gee - 1960
Heart and Soul - 1961
Wanted, One Girl - 1961
Tomorrow's Teardrops - 1961
by Jan Berry
A Sunday Kind of Love - 1962
Tennessee - 1962
Linda - 1963
Surf City - 1963
Honolulu Lulu - 1963
Drag City - 1963
Dead Man's Curve /
The New Girl in School - 1964
The Little Old Lady (From Pasadena) - 1964
Ride the Wild Surf /
The Anaheim, Azusa and Cucamonga Sewing Circle, Book Review
and Timing Association - 1964
Sidewalk Surfin' - 1964
(Here They Come) From All Over the World - 1965
You Really Know How to Hurt a Guy - 1965
I Found a Girl - 1965
The Universal Coward - 1965
by Jan Berry
A Beginning From an End - 1966
Batman - 1966
Popsicle - 1966
Fiddle Around - 1966
Yellow Balloon - 1967
BIENNALIST @ Venice Biennale
www.emergencyrooms.org/biennalist.html
by www.colonel.dk and www.emergencyrooms.org
www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html about other art format
------------about Venice Biennale history from wikipedia ---------
The Venice Biennale in English also called the "Venice Biennial") refers to an arts organization based in Venice
The Art Biennale, a contemporary visual art exhibition and so called because it is held biennially
curators previous
* 1948 – Rodolfo Pallucchini
* 1966 – Gian Alberto Dell'Acqua
* 1968 – Maurizio Calvesi and Guido Ballo
* 1970 – Umbro Apollonio
* 1972 – Mario Penelope
* 1974 – Vittorio Gregotti
* 1978 – Luigi Scarpa
* 1980 – Luigi Carluccio
* 1982 – Sisto Dalla Palma
* 1984 – Maurizio Calvesi
* 1986 – Maurizio Calvesi
* 1988 – Giovanni Carandente
* 1990 – Giovanni Carandente
* 1993 – Achille Bonito Oliva
* 1995 – Jean Clair
* 1997 – Germano Celant
* 1999 – Harald Szeemann
* 2001 – Harald Szeemann
* 2003 – Francesco Bonami
* 2005 – María de Corral and Rosa Martinez
* 2007 – Robert Storr
* 2009 – Daniel Birnbaum
* 2011 – Bice Curiger
* 2013 – Massimiliano Gioni
* 2015 – Okwui Enwezor
* 2017 – Christine Macel[19]
* 2019 – Ralph Rugoff[20]
In 2011, the countries were Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech and Slovak Republics, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Wales and Zimbabwe. In addition to this there are two collective pavilions: Central Asia Pavilion and Istituto Italo-Latino Americano. In 2013, ten new participant countries developed national pavilions for the Biennale: Angola, the Bahamas, Bahrain, the Ivory Coast, Kosovo, Kuwait, the Maldives, Paraguay, Tuvalu, and the Holy See. In 2015, five new participant countries developed pavilions for the Biennale: Grenada [4], Republic of Mozambique, Republic of Seychelles, Mauritius and Mongolia. In 2017, three countries participated in the Art Biennale for the first time: Antigua & Barbuda, Kiribati, and Nigeria.[29]
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#art #artist #artistic #artists #arte #artwork
Pavilion at the Venice Biennale #artcontemporain contemporary art Giardini arsenal
venice Veneziako VenecijaVenècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia VenedigΒενετία( Venetía Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Veneza VenețiaVenetsiya BenátkyBenetke Venecia Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya
art umjetnost umění kunst taide τέχνη művészetList ealaín arte māksla menasarti Kunst sztuka artă umenie umetnost konstcelfקונסטարվեստincəsənətশিল্প艺术(yìshù)藝術 (yìshù)ხელოვნებაकलाkos duabアートಕಲೆសិល្បៈ미술(misul)ສິນລະປະകലकलाအတတ်ပညာकलाකලාවகலைఆర్ట్ศิลปะ آرٹsan'atnghệ thuậtفن (fan)אומנותهنرsanat artist
other Biennale :(Biennials ) :
Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale .Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art ,DOCUMENTA KASSEL ATHENS
* Dakar
kritik [edit] kritikaria kritičar crític kritiker criticus kriitik kriitikko critique crítico Kritiker κριτικός(kritikós) kritikus Gagnrýnandi léirmheastóir critico kritiķis kritikas kritiku krytyk crítico critic crítico krytyk beirniad קריטיקער
Basque Veneziako Venecija [edit] Catalan Venècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia Venedig Βενετία(Venetía) Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Latvian Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Portuguese Veneza Veneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Venecia Fenis וועניס Վենետիկ ভেনিস 威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 Georgian ვენეციის વેનિસ वेनिस ヴェネツィア ವೆನಿಸ್ 베니스 வெனிஸ் వెనిస్ เวนิซ وینس Venetsiya
Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel
#thierrygeoffroy #geoffroycolonel #thierrygeoffroycololonel #lecolonel #biennalist
#artformat #formatart
#emergencyart #urgencyart #urgentart #artofthenow #nowart
emergency art emergency art urgency artist de garde vagt alarm emergency room necessityart artistrole exigencyart predicament prediction pressureart
#InstitutionalCritique
#venicebiennale #venicebiennale2017 #venicebiennale2015
#venicebiennale2019
#venice #biennale #venicebiennale #venezia #italy
#venezia #venice #veniceitaly #venicebiennale
#pastlife #memory #venicebiennale #venice #Venezia #italy #hotelveniceitalia #artexhibit #artshow #internationalart #contemporaryart #themundane #summerday
#biennalevenice
Institutional Critique
Identity Politics Post-War Consumerism, Engagement with Mass Media, Performance Art, The Body, Film/Video, Political, Collage, , Cultural Commentary, Self as Subject, Color Photography, Related to Fashion, Digital Culture, Photography, Human Figure, Technology
Racial and Ethnic Identity, Neo-Conceptualism, Diaristic
Contemporary Re-creations, Popular Culture, Appropriation, Contemporary Sculpture,
Culture, Collective History, Group of Portraits, Photographic Source
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As a supplement to the Unsung Joe piece on Franklin Parker, a bit-part actor who had tiny roles as newspaper reporters in 30 or so films in the 30s and 40s, here's a front-page news story from 1938 that he featured in, which represents the peak of his fame.
The movie star of the headline is Lyle Talbot, a B-movie actor who you probably haven't heard of (I certainly hadn't). He was in "Plan 9 From Outer Space" (1959), though, so he probably counts as one of Hollywood's immortals.
Franklin and Lyle, both Nebraska boys, had met when Lyle was the leading man in the stock theatre company in Lincoln, Nebraska. Their friendship survived the transition to Hollywood and the fact that Lyle got plenty of decent work while Franklin made do with walk-ons.
Here's what appeared under that headline in the October 25, 1938, edition of the Centralia Daily Chronicle:
"BEVERLY HILLS, Calif -- Trapped by fire on the second floor of his pretentious home here early today, Lyle Talbot, handsome leading man of the films, and his house guest, Franklin Parker, also an actor, leaped to safety early today.
They were taken to the Beverly Hills receiving hospital suffering painful burns. Their condition was declared by attendants to be serious."
Did 'pretentious' have a different meaning in 1938? If not, that would seem to be a needlessly harsh thing to say about the house of a guy who's lying in hospital with serious burns. The article continued:
"Talbot's hair was burned from his scalp and Parker's back was severely burned. The house was nearly demolished by the flames after the pair made their 20-foot leap ... Police theorized the fire may have been started by a burning cigarette, left in the living room. Talbot had entertained last night, authorities said they had learned, but all of the guests except Parker had left the home when the fire broke out."
The following day's papers carried another AP wire story about Parker and Talbot, to which the Galveston Daily News gave the headline: "Burns Inflicted Rescuing Friend From Fire May End Talbot's Screen Career". The story read:
"The red badge of courage belonged tonight to Screen Actor Lyle Talbot, hero of a fire that destroyed his $50,000 home, but the penalty of his heroism probably is a blighted screen career.
Talbot's hands, neck, arms and head were burned so severely he may never appear again before the cameras. He saved the life of his house guest, Franklin D Parker, also an actor, by dragging him from a fiery, smoke-filled bedroom to a second-storey ledge and safety.
Witnesses saw Talbot, trapped on the second floor by flames that started at ground level, trying desperately to drag Parker's unconscious form out on a porch roof from a bedroom. Talbot, choking with smoke, his pajamas aflame, finally got Parker to safety and then leaped 20 feet to the ground to assist firemen who had been summoned by neighbors.
The condition of both men was critical, said physicians at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital."
The story went on to say that Talbot's wife was staying with a friend whose husband was out of town (so perhaps the party at Talbot's house had been a sort of gals-free stag-do sort of affair) and then recounted Talbot's career to date, noting that his last role was in "I Stand Accused" (1938), in which he played a gangster "and met the usual screen death at the hands of the law."
Of Franklin, it said only: "Parker played on the New York stage several years ago. He has had several bit roles and a few featured parts since coming to Hollywood."
Franklin Parker: even when he makes the front page, it's in a bit part.
It seems that the pair's burns were less serious than they appeared to be, because they both continued to work as steadily as they had ever done, and photographs of Lyle Talbot in later years show him with a full head of hair and no visible scars.
Franklin died of a heart attack in 1962, at the age of 60, and Lyle lived until he was 92, in 1996, when he died of 'natural causes'.
This is the Stanley Islander 19 Dual Console. Could it be the perfect Rabbit Island boat? We're currently searching for a boat for summer 2012 and weighing potential options. Built in Canada near Parry Sound it is specifically designed for use on Lake Huron around the rocky islands of eastern Georgian Bay. It is self bailing (it doesn't even have a bilge!), welded aluminum (as opposed to riveted), low maintenance, tough as nails, no-frills, and efficient... but also very expensive. I drove up to Canada to see it at the Toronto International Boat Show a few weeks ago and fell in love. Does anyone know where we could find one used? If so drop a line. Apparently they are very hard to come by because people hold on to them forever and there are very few that have been imported to the States. Other considerations include a used Boston Whaler Outrage 17, Grady White Sportsman 180, or Lund Alaskan 18. These are somewhat easier to find used but do not have the combination of aluminum construction and self-bailing hull (they are either one or the other). Aluminum seems like it would be much easier to maintain than fiberglass and more practical in situations adjacent to a rocky shoreline should it bump against the rocks or get pulled on shore. Which one would you go with? Other ideas? Post them below or on Facebook.
[As transcribed by RGK1958, 14 March 2007. Anything in brackets [..] our my own notes to clarify or add historical context.
Mamee kept a copy of this sermon with her her entire life. So, it must have been truly sentimental to her.
The Mississippi Confederate Grave Registry indicates that Arthur Alexander Morson (20 Jun 1846 - 7 Oct 1914) is buried at Cedarlawn cemetery in Jackson, MS.
Name: Morson, Arthur A.
Born: Jun 20, 1846
Died: Oct 8, 1914, Van Winkle, MS
Rank & Unit: Pvt; Co. E, 3rd MS Inf
Cemetery, City, type Marker: Cedarlawn, Jackson, MS, Private
Enlisted: May 21, 1861
Discharged: Apr 26, 1865
County Contributor: Hinds
Cedarlawn cemetary is located at 2434 West Capitol Street, Jackson, Mississippi just south of Hawkins Field and east of Jackson Zoological park.
Based on the following transcription, the sermon was held in a little school house in Van Winkle. This could possible be Van Winkle Elementary School, 6 miles from Cedarlawn cemetery. It will be interesting to do further research to confirm the location.
]
I N M E M O R I A M
A. A. MORSON
[Arthur Alexander Morson, 1846 - 1914]
--o--
SERMON PREACHED AT MEMORIAL SERVICE
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1914
at
VAN WINKLE, MISSISSIPPI
By
REV. DR. E. T. EDMONDS
--o--
I want to read the Ninetieth Psalm:
"Lord, thou hast been our dwelling place in all generations.
Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever thou hadst formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting, thou art God.
Thou turnest man to destruction; and sayest, Return, ye children of men.
For a thousand years in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night.
Thou carriest them away as with a flood; they are as a sleep: in the morning they are like grass which growth up.
In the morning it flourisheth, and growth up; in the evening it is cut down, and withereth.
For we are consumed by thine anger, and by thy wrath are we troubled.
Thou hast set our iniquities before thee, our secret sins in the light of thy countenance.
For all our days are passed away in thy wrath: we spend our years as a tale that is told.
The days of our years are threescore years and ten; and if by reason of strength they be fourscore years, yet is their strength labour and sorrow; for it is soon cut off, and we fly away.
Who knoweth the power of thine anger? Even according to thy fear, so is thy wrath.
So teach us to number our days, that we may apply our hearts unto wisdom.
Return, O Lord, how long? And, let it repent thee concerning thy servants.
O satisfy us early with thy mercy; that we may rejoice and be glad all our days.
Make us glad according to the days wherein thou hast afflicted us, and the years wherein we have seen evil.
Let thy work appear unto thy servants, and thy glory unto their children.
And, let the beauty of the Lord our God be upon us: and establish thou the work of our hands upon us; yea, the work of our hands establish thou it."
UNQUOTE
Let us pray.
Almighty God, we come into Thy holy presence at this time, feeling very much our sense of need and our deep and great dependence upon Thee; that in Thee we live and move and have our being, and that from Thee cometh life, and breath, and all things.
Oh, God, we know not what the day or the hour may bring forth. We are in Thy hands and our destiny is with Thee, and we pray Thee, Father, to make us faithful to the duty and service of life, and so by faith to follow the leading of Thy providence, and we pray that we may be thoroughly guided by Thy spirit, and walk in the ways of peace and righteousness. Our hearts are very sad today, our Father, and very lonely, and we feel that at this hour we miss the dear one, who has left us very much; and we pray, Father, that his spirit may be with us today and worship with us, and we pray that his kind and gentle life may linger with us as a gracious fragrance and a blessed memory; and that his beautiful example may ever before the people of this community; and that others, the men of this community especially, may realize how much his life has meant, that they too may make their lives fruitful in the service of the Lord and of our Christ. And, Father in Heaven, we pray for the dear ones who have given up to Heaven the father and the husband. We pray that thou wouldst give them "beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, and the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness."
And we pray, Father, that all of us, in our own way, may be faithful to the duty and service of life as he was; and when the hour shall come, if thou shouldst call us home in the morning, or at the midnight hour, we pray that we may be ready, as he was ready, to pass hence into the everlasting bliss beyond.
Oh, God, be with us, bless us, and lead us in Thine own wisdom. Help us to distrust ourselves and trust Thee and love Thee; and may Christ be ever regnant in our very hearts, and through His name and in His name, and by His blood, may we find peace and acceptance before Thee, and may Thy spirit be with us, fill us and possess us, and lead us, Father, to the eternal home, where thee shall be no death and no separation, and where we shall serve Thee world without end, through Jesus Christ. Amen.
Two verses of number five.
At the close of the service we will sing number two hundred eight, "Just as I am, Without One Plea."
I want to call your attention to a phrase in the Book of Isaiah, the sixty-foruth Chapter and sixth Verse: "But we are all as an unclean thin, and all our righteousnesses are a filthy rags, and we all do fade as a leaf; and our iniquities, like the wind, have taken us away."
"We all do fade as the leaf." There are a great many expressions in the Old Testament, especially about the brevity of life, and about the swiftness with which death may summon us to the beyond. We are told that our life is like a weaver’s shuttle; and we are told that death comes upon us like a flood. And we are told so frequently that we are like the grass and the flower of the grass, in the morning flourishing, in the evening cut down and withereth.
This phrase in the Book of Isaiah, "We all do fade as a leaf, "is a peculiarly suggestive expression that has often appealed to me, and especially at this season of the year. All the leaves fade.
I was brought up, friends, as a child and as a boy, until I was about twenty years old, indeed, in a country where the leaves never fade; where the bark changes on the tree, but the leaves are perpetually green---that is, the native trees. Of course imported trees that come from other continents bring with them their own habits. And so I must confess to the wonderment that came to me in the first autumn that I spent in Kentucky and beheld the fading leaves of the forest trees. All of the leaves fade: the leaves of the tiny bramble, and the leaves of the mighty oak. And so "death, with equal pace, knocks at the palace and the cottage gate."
And it is an important reflection, friends, to remember about the fading leaves, that they fade when their work is done. There is a very important office, if I may use that word, in the life and foliage of our trees. The animal creation is always pouring out a great tide of poisoned air from the lungs, taking out of the great animal economy all of the poison that, if left, would really destroy the bodies of all animal life, and the leaves through the hot summer continually absorb all those poisons; but when the summer season has ended, and the touch of frost has come to tell us of the coming winter, then the leaves fade when their work is done. And I think, friends, it is so beautiful for us to think of life that way, as fading when our work is done. And God only knows, beloved, when our work is done.
I remember when President Garfield was shot [July 2, 1881] in Washington, D. C., how the nation prayed for his recovery, and the whole world seemed to be in sympathy with the nation that was in grief. And yet he died. And yet, somehow, I think his death was wonderfully blest, for he died in the hope and triumphant expectation of Christian faith, and in the day when Ingersol was preaching his doctrine of materialism and opposing Christian hope. It was a great thing for us when he died to have a Christian die in public life, and in a public way, and in a public place. It helped the world to see the confidence of one’s faith in God.
I don’t know, friends, about the apostle Paul, --what I covet most about him. I think, you know, that he exemplified more of the Christian faith than any other man whose life is found upon the pages of the New Testament. You know he was in prison for a long time, and then he was let out of prison, and then when fierce persecution came, he was arrested and put in prison, [and] condemned to die. I love to think of Paul’s letters so much. I was writing to my brother the other day in Washington, D. C. I have not seen him for many years. But after I had written the letter on the typewriter, I thought of some little message, a little personal message. And I wrote that with a pen. I said to myself, "Now, he will think this is the dearest part of this letter, this little foot note." And that is true. In the very foot notes of Paul’s letters, friends, I find such beautiful things. In that love letter to Phillipians [Philippians] we find a beautiful story. Onesiphorus, who brought to Paul a gift from the Phillipians [Philippians], had been sick and had gotten well. Paul was sending him back. He wrote that beautiful letter to the Phillipians [Philippians], ---Paul’s love letter. At the bottom of the letter, I find this postscript: "All the saints salute you, chiefly they of Caesar’s household." The very soldiers that guarded Paul had become his own brethren. And when Paul wrote that letter he told them how much, how much he loved them. And so Paul added at the end of the letter, "All the saints salute you, chiefly those of Caesar’s household." And then when he was going to die, his life was fulfilled as God’s providence would seem to have it fulfilled. He wrote that final letter to Timothy---Timothy, that wonderful preacher, that young man Paul loved as he loved no other man.
You can tell a whole lot by a man’s friends, the kind of people who are his friends. I like to think of Paul’s friends. Paul’s friends are interesting. Timothy was one of them. He wrote this final message to Timothy. "I am now ready to be offered, and the time of my departure is at hand." He wrote, "I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith. Henceforth, there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness which God, the righteous judge, shall give me at that day, and not to me only, but to all of them also that love his appearing."
I was in the city of Rome in 1896 and went to the prison in which Paul very likely wrote this beautiful letter. Leaving the bright sunlight of Italy, on an August day, I went into a dungeon and there was just enough light to dimly light it up. Then the tonsured monk lighted a little taper, and we went down into a lower dungeon that has been there for centuries and centuries. And I thought of Paul in that dark dungeon writing this beautiful letter: "I am now ready to be offered and the time of my departure is at hand. I have fought a good fight, I have finished the course, I have kept the faith." And it seems to me, friends, that the very light of Heaven must have come in a flood into that dark dungeon in which he was writing. And so he added: "Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness which God, the righteous judge, has given to me, and not to me only, but unto all of them also that love his appearance." It is a great thing to finish life with our work done, and well done.
I thought I was going to die some years ago, friends, and there were perhaps six doctors, in the next room talking about my condition, and the doctors said I was in a very dangerous condition. I did not think so, but the doctors said so. But do you know the things that worried me as I thought of dying,--it was the unfinished tasks, the incompleted [uncompleted] things that I had started and had not finished. I was building a great church, a stone church. I had set my heart upon its completion. And Oh, I did pray to the Lord that I might finish that at least, and I did. And, you know, I think when we come to die, we will think very much of the things that are unfinished, the unfinished tasks of life; and Oh, I try now, friends, as I get older to hurry to completion everything I undertake, and leave it completed and finished. "I have fought a good fight, I have kept the faith, [and] I have finished the course." Oh, for a completed life, and Oh, for a satisfied sense of completed service when the Master calls us home.
And the leaf, friends, is brightest when it fades. You know a great many people think that spring time is the joy of life, that when these branches that have been singing their miserere [misery?] through the weary months of winter, put on their new foliage and every hillside has its carpeting of green, and the first flowers come and are sending out upon the passing breeze their fragrance, and giving color against the green patches of grass, that the spring time seems to be the welcome time of the year. But, you know, I love the fall of the year, I love the autumn, I love the season of the fading leaves. Walking from the station over here this afternoon, I felt I would have fifty times preferred to walk rather than to ride; to feel the joy of coming through the forest on an autumn day. There is a stillness, friends, about the woods, there is a stillness about the air, there is a carrying quality about the atmosphere in the fall of the year that I miss in every other season. And then, friends, I used to love, when I was in Arkansas, to go up into the Ozarks, in the fall of the year. As the train traveled up from the river level, up the mountain side, up and up, arising to an ascent of about sixteen hundred feet above the sea level, and then we could climb to a two thousand foot level. It was something worth while to look down upon the mountain when the first frost had tinted the leaves, and to behold that marvelous sunset of color, all the yellow and gold, and the green and all the mingling colors. That great mountain side seemed to me to be more beautiful than the sunset upon the Mediterranean Sea. That is the time, friends, when the appealing voice in the fading leaf somehow speaks to me a great message from the Father. The leaf is brightest when it fades. I think that is the way of life, friends; it ought to be.
Oh, it is sweet to take a little baby with its eyes of blue, its unfathomed mysteries as you look into the light of its eyes. There must have been, for Jesus took a little child and set him in the midst and said unless you become converted and become like this little child you cannot enter the Kingdom of Heaven. The purest thing under the canopy of Heaven, Jesus said, is a little child, that precious thing. But I love to think of life, friends, not in its childhood or youth, but as it is fading out; and as we are leaving behind the life of flesh and blood, the soul life, the divine life and the God life are speaking out their mysterious, wonderful something through the eye and through the hand, speaking to us of that life that is beyond, when we shall be transformed into the likeness, the image of Jesus Christ. It is brightest when it fades. And so, friends, as the fires of life dies, as the passions fade out, as the great physical powers are sinking, there seems to come up out of the soul, out of the inmost life, there seems to come up the likeness of the very Christ, and so out of the "muddy vesture of decay" we see the developement [development] of that spiritual life that is to find its home in glory. And then friends, the leaf fades in hope, in hope, in hope.
Next spring these dry, withered leaves, rattling through winter’s weary months, with every passing breeze, upon these oak branches---you will not have to cut them off; the swelling bud will push them off. They will fall to the ground. And so this life friends, fades in hope. And so the Christian fades in hope; and thus he passes away with the assurance and expectation of the joy that is beyond, "where never fading spring abounds and never withering flowers."
I never can forget, friends, an experience I had in traveling in Switzerland in the month of August, a few years ago, near the place where the river Rhone rises under a great glacier and flows into the great southern reaches of France. And I remember the night I was there. It was freezing a little all night. And early in the morning we got up and went to the Rhone glacier, and walked over a great bed of ice that had been there for centuries and centuries and centuries; and through the great crevasses we could hear the flowing stream and trickling drops, the beginning of the great Rhone river [River]. And then as the sun came up, what a glory! There was a great encircling range of mountains capped with eternal snow, and as the sun came up the peaks were crimsoned with the new light of day. After we had had breakfast, we walked over to the station, or traveled in a carriage, then too the train. Under the mountains there is a very long tunnel between eight and nine miles long. We went into the darkness of that tunnel. The difference between the elevation of the mountain and the valley below is so great that the descent would be too great to go straight down, so the tunnel winds around like a corkscrew and lets you down in that sort of way. And for twenty minutes we were in that darkness. It was almost as much as I could endure to live through those twenty minutes. I think it was the longest twenty minutes of my life. And yet there came all in a moment, as we left the tunnel at the other end, into a valley of Italy, there came the bright glory and glad sunshine, the flowers, the songs of the birds, and the leaping streams down the mountain sides. I said it is wonderful, it is wonderful. This, it seems to me, is what death means. We leave behind the sin and winter and the bitterness, and the momentary darkness is perhaps the experience of death, and then we are ushered into the glad light, into the eternal sunshine, into the never-fading glory of that world beyond that is so beautiful. We know not what we shall be, we do not; but we know that when he shall appear, "we shall be like Him, for we shall see Him as He is."
Beloved friends, I do not want to start anew the fountain of tears. I would not make the aching heart sore again. Rather would I heal it.[?] Yet, I must confess to you that an awful sense of loneliness and loss came over me as I came into this little school house [This appears to be a metaphor for the church the Reverend was speaking in. However, read on.] this afternoon; an awful sense of depression. I felt as if one had left us whose face was always here; whose glad hand was always ready with its manly greeting and whose voice was always vibrant with truth and righteousness,--a manly Christian. And what a good man dear Brother Morson was! I think of him, friends, so much, as a man, as a good man. I was talking a moment ago at the Edwards House to a young man, and we were talking about a merchant, and I said, "He has a good stand for business," but he said, "That isn’t much of a stand," he said, "It is the man that is getting the business, it isn’t the stand at all." Do you know, friends, I have come to look at life that way very much indeed. Back of every contract I make I want to see the man. Back of every piece of goods I buy I want to see the man. Back of every promise and pledge I want to see the man. When I feel there is a man behind every transaction, I am not so particular about how the contract reads, or how the goods look; if I have the pledged word of the man, it means so much. Friends, the greatest thing we are doing in America is making men, making men, and our republic will never die and go into decay as long as we are rearing God-fearing men an women and have in every community such a citizen as this good man was, with the life that was always breathing the very spirit of Christ. What a valuable citizen he was! Why, they tell me in Jackson, when they had one of the meetings for this projected creamery [According to my Dad, A. A. Morson was in the Creamery business], after everybody had spoken, this modest man sat in the corner and said nothing. Somebody called on him to speak and they said he told them more about it than they had ever known about this enterprise. His few words of wisdom revealed a lifetime of experience tersely and clearly put and he sat down as the accepted authority upon the question.
I always felt, friends, that I wanted to know Brother Morson better, I knew him so slightly. You know, there are some people you meet and you do not want to meet them intimately again. And there are some people you meet, and the more you meet them the more you feel their faults and failings. And yet there are some other people the more you meet them the more you like them, and he was the kind of a man to me; the more I knew him the more I loved him, and the more I wanted to know him. He was one of those wonderful men, so simple, so modest, so true, and yet so wonderfully wise, I felt as if I wanted to know him and take him to my heart to love. I have never known a man for such a brief time, who made a deeper impression on my heart than he made. And I am sure you will miss him. You will miss him so much. But I am persuaded that his example and his life will remain in this community of years as a blessed fragrance of the Christ.
And then what a father he was! I have thought so much of this family of children that he and his dear wife [Bessie Eppie Dameron, 1860 - 1835] have brought up. These thirteen children [See list below]. And I have thought of these children, how they have developed, how they have gone out into life to find their place and reflected honor and credit upon their mother and father. And wherever they have gone they have carried his good name unsullied. I think it is a great thing.
[
Along with their mother, all thirteen living children attended the ceremony:
Name, DOB - DOD, age in 1914
Bessie Eppie Dameron, 1860 - 1935, 54
Louis Alexander Morson, 1879 - 1879, would have been 35
Arthur James Morson, 1880 - 1950, 34
Mildred Berry Morson (Youngberg), 1881-1934, 33
Robbie Mae Morson, 1882 - 1883, died
Hallie Taylor Morson (Kennington), 1884 - 1967, 30
Elizabeth Kate "Bessie" Morson (Greene), 1885 - 1971, 29
John Andrew Morson, 1886 - 1962, 28
Rosalie Vere Morson (Emerson), 1888 - 1962, 26
Julie Dameron Morson, 1889 - ???, 25
Hugh Blair Morson, 1891 - 1925, 23
Sara Francis Morson (Boteler), 1893 - 1982, 21
William "Willie" Todd Morson, 1895 - 1943, 19
Phillip Hull Morson, 1897 - 1960, 17
Margaret Priscilla Morson (Hood), 1900 - 1978, 14
Mary Roberta Alexander Morson (Sexton), 1903 - 2002, 11
]
You remember the old story in the Roman history we used to learn when we were children. The story of the Graechi,--the mother who lived in a great mansion, beautiful home,--her husband was an illustrious senator. Somebody said to her, when she had shown them everything, "Now, madam, where are your jewels?" She brought her two boys,[;] she said "These are my jewels." I tell you, fathers and mothers, it does not matter how many acres you own, how much bank stock you have, there is not anything that will give you credit quite as much as your noble sons and your splendid daughters,--your children, your children, who grow up to be noble men and women, to do Christ’s work, serve God, and their country. I am sure these children loved this dear father. I am sure they will love his memory. And I am sure our very heart goes out in sympathy and affection and love to this home that has lost the father, the husband and brother, and to this community that has laid away this noble citizen.
I am interested in what you are doing here. I pray that these men, noble men they are, may take up this work and carry it forward, and Van Winkle may feel the influence of the holy work you are doing in this little school house [this confirms it really was a school house and not a church]. And when your daughters and sons have gone forth into the world, may they look back to this place and say, "Right here in this little school house in Van Winkle, it is here I found God and came into the possession of the new life, and there was formed the might resolutions that made my character." I pray that God may bless you all in what you are doing.
Now, we are going to sing this beautiful hymn, "Just As I Am, Without One Plea;" we are going to sing just two verses, the first and last verses.
And I want to say this; if there are those here today who are not Christians, who have never given themselves to the Lord Jesus, while we sing these two verse if you feel you want to declare your faith in Christ, you may come forward and give me your hand and the Lord your heart.
And now may the God of Peach, that brought again the Lord Jesus from the dead, that great Shepherd of the Sheep, through the blood of the everlasting Covenant, make you perfect in all things to do His will, working in you that which is well pleasing to His will, through Jesus Christ, the Lord Amen.
Entire article on Justaddwater.dk: More Visual HTML Jokes
Photo modified from www.flickr.com/photos/nickfindley/10717783/
Collaboration beetween Biennalist and Ultracontemporay
Art Format
www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Geoffroy
Documenta From Wikipedia,
The Fridericianum during documenta (13)
documenta is an exhibition of contemporary art which takes place every five years in Kassel, Germany. It was founded by artist, teacher and curator Arnold Bode in 1955 as part of the Bundesgartenschau (Federal Horticultural Show) which took place in Kassel at that time.[1] It was an attempt to bring Germany up to speed with modern art, both banishing and repressing the cultural darkness of Nazism.[2] This first documenta featured many artists who are generally considered to have had a significant influence on modern art (such as Picasso and Kandinsky). The more recent documentas feature art from all continents; nonetheless most of it is site-specific.
Every documenta is limited to 100 days of exhibition, which is why it is often referred to as the "museum of 100 days".[3] Documenta is not a selling exhibition. It rarely coincides with the three other major art world events: the Venice Biennale, Art Basel and Skulptur Projekte Münster, but in 2017, all four were open simultaneously.
Etymology of documenta
The name of the exhibition is an invented word. The term is supposed to demonstrate the intention of every exhibition (in particular of the first documenta in 1955) to be a documentation of modern art which was not available for the German public during the Nazi era. Rumour spread from those close to Arnold Bode that it was relevant for the coinage of the term that the Latin word documentum could be separated into docere (Latin for teach) and mens (Latin for intellect) and therefore thought it to be a good word to describe the intention and the demand of the documenta.[4]
Each edition of documenta has commissioned its own visual identity, most of which have conformed to the typographic style of solely using lowercase letters, which originated at the Bauhaus.[5]
History
Stadtverwaldung by Joseph Beuys, oaktree in front of the museum Fridericianum, documenta 7
Art professor and designer Arnold Bode from Kassel was the initiator of the first documenta. Originally planned as a secondary event to accompany the Bundesgartenschau, this attracted more than 130,000 visitors in 1955. The exhibition centred less on "contemporary art“, that is art made after 1945: instead, Bode wanted to show the public works which had been known as "Entartete Kunst" in Germany during the Nazi era: Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Blauer Reiter, Futurism and Pittura Metafisica. Therefore, abstract art, in particular the abstract paintings of the 1920s and 1930s, was the focus of interest in this exhibition.
Over time, the focus shifted to contemporary art. At first, the show was limited to works from Europe, but soon covered works by artists from the Americas, Africa and Asia. 4. documenta, the first ever to turn a profit, featured a selection of Pop Art, Minimal Art, and Kinetic Art.[6] Adopting the theme of Questioning Reality – Pictorial Worlds Today, the 1972 documenta radically redefined what could be considered art by featuring minimal and conceptual art, marking a turning point in the public acceptance of those styles.[7] Also, it devoted a large section to the work of Adolf Wolfli, the great Swiss outsider, then unknown. Joseph Beuys performed repeatedly under the auspices of his utopian Organization for Direct Democracy.[8] Additionally, the 1987 documenta show signaled another important shift with the elevation of design to the realm of art – showing an openness to postmodern design.[9] Certain key political dates for wide-reaching social and cultural upheavals, such as 1945, 1968 or 1976/77, became chronological markers of documenta X (1997), along which art's political, social, cultural and aesthetic exploratory functions were traced.[10] Documenta11 was organized around themes like migration, urbanization and the post-colonial experience,[11] with documentary photography, film and video as well as works from far-flung locales holding the spotlight.[7] In 2012, documenta (13) was described as "[a]rdently feminist, global and multimedia in approach and including works by dead artists and selected bits of ancient art".[12]
Criticism
documenta typically gives its artists at least two years to conceive and produce their projects, so the works are often elaborate and intellectually complex.[13] However, the participants are often not publicised before the very opening of the exhibition. At documenta (13), the official list of artists was not released until the day the show opened.[14] Even though curators have often claimed to have gone outside the art market in their selection, participants have always included established artists. In the documenta (13), for example, art critic Jerry Saltz identified more than a third of the artists represented by the renowned Marian Goodman Gallery in the show.[14]
Directors
The first four documentas, organized by Arnold Bode, established the exhibition's international credentials. Since the fifth documenta (1972), a new artistic director has been named for each documenta exhibition by a committee of experts. Documenta 8 was put together in two years instead of the usual five. The original directors, Edy de Wilde and Harald Szeemann, were unable to get along and stepped down. They were replaced by Manfred Schneckenburger, Edward F. Fry, Wulf Herzogenrath, Armin Zweite, and Vittorio Fagone.[15] Coosje van Bruggen helped select artists for documenta 7, the 1982 edition. documenta IX's team of curators consisted of Jan Hoet, Piero Luigi Tazzi, Denys Zacharopoulos, and Bart de Baere.[16] For documenta X Catherine David was chosen as the first woman and the first non-German speaker to hold the post. It is also the first and unique time that its website Documenta x was conceived by a curator (swiss curator Simon Lamunière) as a part of the exhibition. The first non-European director was Okwui Enwezor for Documenta11.[17]
TitleDateDirectorExhibitorsExhibitsVisitors
documenta16 July – 18 September 1955Arnold Bode148670130,000
II. documenta11 July – 11 October 1959Arnold Bode, Werner Haftmann3381770134,000
documenta III27 June – 5 October 1964Arnold Bode, Werner Haftmann3611450200,000
4. documenta27 June – 6 October 196824-strong documenta council1511000220,000
documenta 530 June – 8 October 1972Harald Szeemann218820228,621
documenta 624 June – 2 October 1977Manfred Schneckenburger6222700343,410
documenta 719 June – 28 September 1982Rudi Fuchs1821000378,691
documenta 812 June – 20 September 1987Manfred Schneckenburger150600474,417
documenta IX12 June – 20 September 1992Jan Hoet1891000603,456
documenta X21 June – 28 September 1997Catherine David120700628,776
documenta118 June – 15 September 2002Okwui Enwezor118450650,924
documenta 1216 June – 23 September 2007Roger M. Buergel/Ruth Noack[19]114over 500754,301
documenta (13)9 June – 16 September 2012Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev187[20]904,992[21]
documenta 148 April – 16 July 2017 in Athens, Greece;
10 June – 17 September 2017 in KasselAdam Szymczykmore than 1601500339.000 in Athens
891.500 in Kassel
documenta fifteen18 June 2022 – 25 September 2022 in Kasselruangrupa[22]
2012's edition was organized around a central node, the trans-Atlantic melding of two distinct individuals who first encountered each other in the "money-soaked deserts of the United Arab Emirates". As an organizing principle it is simultaneously a commentary on the romantic potentials of globalization and also a critique of how digital platforms can complicate or interrogate the nature of such relationships. Curatorial agents refer to the concept as possessing a "fricative potential for productive awkwardness," wherein a twosome is formed for the purposes of future exploration.[23]
Venues
documenta is held in different venues in Kassel. Since 1955, the fixed venue has been the Fridericianum. The documenta-Halle was built in 1992 for documenta IX and now houses some of the exhibitions. Other venues used for documenta have included the Karlsaue park, Schloss Wilhelmshöhe, the Neue Galerie, the Ottoneum, and the Kulturzentrum Schlachthof. Though Okwui Enezor notably tried to subvert the euro-centric approach documenta had taken, he instigated a series of five platforms before the Documenta11 in Vienna, Berlin, New Delhi, St Lucia, and Lagos, in an attempt to take documenta into a new post-colonial, borderless space, from which experimental cultures could emerge. documenta 12 occupied five locations, including the Fridericianum, the Wilhelmshöhe castle park and the specially constructed "Aue-Pavillon", or meadow pavilion, designed by French firm Lacaton et Vassal.[24] At documenta (13) (2012), about a fifth of the works were unveiled in places like Kabul, Afghanistan, and Banff, Canada.[13]
There are also a number of works that are usually presented outside, most notably in Friedrichsplatz, in front of the Fridericianum, and the Karlsaue park. To handle the number of artworks at documenta IX, five connected temporary "trailers" in glass and corrugated metal were built in the Karlsaue.[25] For documenta (13), French architects Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal constructed the temporary "Aue-Pavillon" in the park.
Rahmenbau (1977) by Haus Rucker und Co.
A few of the works exhibited at various documentas remained as purchases in Kassel museums. They include 7000 Eichen by Joseph Beuys; Rahmenbau (1977) by Haus-Rucker-Co; Laserscape Kassel (1977) by Horst H. Baumann; Traumschiff Tante Olga (1977) by Anatol Herzfeld; Vertikaler Erdkilometer by Walter De Maria; Spitzhacke (1982) by Claes Oldenburg; Man walking to the sky (1992) by Jonathan Borofsky; and Fremde by Thomas Schütte (one part of the sculptures are installed on Rotes Palais at Friedrichsplatz, the other on the roof of the Concert Hall in Lübeck).
documenta archive
The extensive volume of material that is regularly generated on the occasion of this exhibition prompted Arnold Bode to create an archive in 1961. The heart of the archive’s collection comes from the files and materials of the documenta organization. A continually expanding video and image archive is also part of the collection as are the independently organized bequests of Arnold Bode and artist Harry Kramer.
Management
Visitors
In 1992, on the occasion of documenta IX, for the first time in the history of the documenta, more than half a million people traveled to Kassel.[26] The 2002 edition of documenta attracted 650,000 visitors, more than triple Kassel's population.[27] In 2007, documenta 12 drew 754,000 paying visitors, with more than one-third of the visitors coming from abroad and guests from neighboring Netherlands, France, Belgium and Austria among the most numerous.[28] In 2012, documenta (13) had 904,992 visitors.[21]
References
Adrian Searle (June 11, 2012), "Documenta 13: Mysteries in the mountain of mud", The Guardian.
Roberta Smith (June 14, 2012), Art Show as Unruly Organism The New York Times.
Arnold Bode coined this phrase for the first time in the prologue of the first volume of the catalogue: documenta III. Internationale Ausstellung; Catalogue: Volume 1: Painting and Sculpture; Volume 2: Sketches; Volume 3: Industrial Design, Print; Kassel/Köln 1964; p. XIX
Kimpel, Harald: documenta, Mythos und Wirklichkeit. Köln 1997, ISBN 3-7701-4182-2
Alice Rawsthorn (June 3, 2012), A Symbol Is Born The New York Times.
The documenta IV Exhibition in Kassel (1968) German History in Documents and Images (GHDI).
Helen Chang (June 22, 2007), "Catching the Next Wave In Art at Documenta", The Wall Street Journal.
Roberta Smith (September 7, 2007), "Documenta 5" The New York Times.
Gimeno-Martinez, Javier; Verlinden, Jasmijn (2010). "From Museum of Decorative Arts to Design Museum: The Case of the Design museum Gent". Design and Culture. 2 (3).
dX 1997 Archived 2013-06-14 at the Wayback Machine, documenta XII.
Stephan Valentin (June 12, 2007), An art show in Kassel, Germany, rivals Venice Biennale The New York Times.
Roberta Smith (June 14, 2012), Art Show as Unruly Organism The New York Times.
Kelly Crow (June 8, 2012), A Party, Every Five Years, for 750,000 Guests The Wall Street Journal.
Jerry Saltz (June 15, 2012), Jerry Saltz: "Eleven Things That Struck, Irked, or Awed Me at Documenta 13" New York Magazine.
Michael Brenson (June 15, 1987), "Documenta 8, Exhibition In West Germany", The New York Times.
Michael Kimmelman (July 5, 1992) "At Documenta, It's Survival Of the Loudest", The New York Times.
Jackie Wullschlager (May 19, 2012) Vertiginous doubt Financial Times.
Julia Halperin, Gareth Harris (July 18, 2014) How much are curators really paid? Archived July 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper.
Holland Cotter (22 June 2007). "Asking Serious Questions in a Very Quiet Voice". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-08-29.
Ulrike Knöfel (8 June 2012). "What the 13th Documenta Wants You to See". Der Spiegel.
"904,992 people visit documenta (13) in Kassel". documenta und Museum Fridericianum Veranstaltungs-GmbH. 16 September 2012. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
Russeth, Andrew (2019-02-22). "Ruangrupa Artist Collective Picked to Curate Documenta 15". ARTnews.com. Retrieved 2020-01-05.
"In Germany, Disguising Documentary As Art". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2015-09-28.
Stephan Valentin (June 12, 2007), An art show in Kassel, Germany, rivals Venice Biennale International Herald Tribune.
Roberta Smith (June 22, 1992), A Small Show Within an Enormous One The New York Times.
d9 1992 Archived 2014-02-22 at the Wayback Machine, documenta XII.
Adrian Searle (June 19, 2007), 100 days of ineptitude The Guardian.
Catherine Hickley (September 24, 2007), "Documenta Contemporary Art Show Draws Record 754,000 to Kassel", Bloomberg.
Carly Berwick (May 17, 2007), "Documenta 'Mystery' Artists Are Revealed; Buzz Strategy Fizzles", Bloomberg.
Rachel Donado (April 5, 2017), German Art Exhibition Documenta Expands Into Athens, The New York Times.
Catherine Hickley (November 27, 2017), Documenta manager to leave post after budget overruns The Art Newspaper.
Further reading
Hickley, Catherine (2021-06-18). "This Show Sets the Direction of Art. Its Past Mirrored a Changing World". The New York Times.
Nancy Marmer, "Documenta 8: The Social Dimension?" Art in America, vol. 75, September 1987, pp. 128–138, 197–199.
other biennales :
Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale
Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art
lumbung
Short concept by ruangrupa for documenta 15
"We want to create a globally oriented, cooperative, interdisciplinary art and culture platform that will remain effective beyond the 100 days of documenta fifteen. Our curatorial approach aims at a different kind of collaborative model of resource use—economically, but also in terms of ideas, knowledge, programs, and innovation."
ruangrupa’s central curatorial approach for documenta fifteen is based on the principles of collectivity, resource building, and equal sharing. They aim to appeal not just to an art audience but to a variety of communities, and to promote local commitment and participation. Their approach is based on an international network of local, community-based organizations from the art and other cultural contexts and can be outlined by the Indonesian term lumbung. lumbung, directly translatable as “rice barn,” is a collective pot or accumulation system used in rural areas of Indonesia, where crops produced by a community are stored as a future shared common resource and distributed according to jointly determind criteria. Using lumbung as a model, documenta fifteen is a collective resource pot, operating under the logics of the commons. It is an agglomeration of ideas, stories, (wo)manpower, time, and other shareable resources. At the center of lumbung is the imagination and the building of these collective, shared resources into new models of sustainable ideas and cultural practices. This will be fostered by residencies, assemblies, public activities, and the development of tools.
Interdisciplinarity is key in this process. It is where art meets activism, management, and networking to gather support, understand environments, and identify local resources. These elements then create actions and spaces, intertwine social relations and transactions; they slowly grow and organically find a public form. This is a strategy “to live in and with society.” It imagines the relations an art institution has with its community by being an active constituent of it. Strategies are then developed based on proximity and shared desires.
The main principles of the process are:
• Providing space to gather and explore ideas
• Collective decision making
• Non-centralization
• Playing between formalities and informalities
• Practicing assembly and meeting points
• Architectural awareness
• Being spatially active to promote conversation
• A melting pot for and from everyone’s thoughts, energies, and ideas
#documentakassel
#documenta
#documenta15
#artformat
#formatart
#rundebate
#thierrygeoffroy
#Colonel
#CriticalRun
#venicebiennale
#documentafifteen
#formatart
#documentacritic
#biennalist
#ultracontemporary art
#protestart
www.sfcityguides.org/public_guidelines.html?article=505&a...
Jack Kerouac Alley Mural
by Sue Walsh
Perhaps as you stroll along Columbus Avenue in North Beach, you pay little attention to the sixty-foot-long Jack Kerouac Alley, aptly situated between the landmark City Lights Bookstore and legendary Vesuvio Café. The passageway that served as a transportation shortcut from Chinatown to North Beach was once a refuge for back-alley drinkers and rotting garbage. Today, Jack Kerouac Alley is transformed into an inviting pedestrian-only thoroughfare complete with decorative lampposts and poetry from eastern and western cultures inscribed on the brick walkway connecting the two neighborhoods. The renovated alley was opened to the public on March 31, 2007, under the funding and direction of the Chinatown Alleyway Improvement Project.
Pre and post alley renovation, since October 1999 the mural Vida y sueños de la cañada Perla (Life and Dreams of the Perla River Valley) has adorned the wall of the City Lights Bookstore that faces Jack Kerouac Alley. This mural is a reproduction of Mexico City artist Sergio Valdéz Rubalcaba’s original work that was painted in the jungle village of Taniperla, home to the Tzeltal Mayan indigenous people in Chiapas, Mexico.
Depicted in the painting are revolutionary leaders Emiliano Zapata and Ricardo Flores Magon and ski-masked rebels observing routine daily life activities in the community. The mural represents local autonomy of this indigenous group and was painted on the wall of the new municipal headquarters for the Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN) in the village of Taniperla. EZLN fought for indigenous land rights, education, and social welfare in the late 1990s.
At dawn on April 11, 1998, one thousand Mexican Army troops stormed the village of Taniperla and occupied the territory. Cornfields, coffee plantations, and houses were burned; local leaders were arrested. Artist Sergio Valdéz Rubalcaba was among those arrested and beaten. The mural was destroyed by the Mexican Army. Charged with rebellion, Rubalcaba was sentenced to nine years in prison for designing the mural. Due to international protests and pressure from human rights groups, he was released from prison after a year and a half and did not complete his full sentence.
In solidarity with the indigenous people’s fight for justice and dignity, global human rights workers who witnessed the demolition of the original mural and invasion of Taniperla canvassed locations throughout the world to paint reproductions of Vida y sueños de la cañada Perla. In addition to the location on the outside wall of City Lights Bookstore, other reproductions may be found in Oakland; Barcelona, Madrid, and Bilbao, Spain; Florence, Italy; and Mexico City.
City Guide Sue Walsh leads the North Beach by Night and Ferry Building tours.
ROBERT CRUMB
Mr. Natural's Creator Visits the World of Art
By RANDY KENNEDY
"The R. Crumb Handbook," by R. Crumb and Peter Poplaski (MQ Publications, Ltd.)
Still truckin': "The R. Crumb Handbook," a memoir, was published this month.
Joe Tabacca for The New York Times
R. Crumb, whose memoir was written with Peter Poplaski, listening to a question at the New York Public Library.
The cartoonist R. Crumb has never been sure what to make of praise for his work from the noncomics art world. He once drew a pitiful buck-toothed portrait of himself wearing a beret and a bewildered look, exclaiming in a half-literate word bubble: "Broigul I ain't ... Let's face it." And his view of most fine art is equally dismissive: he calls it a land of "cake eaters," rolling his eyes behind his trademark Coke-bottle glasses.
But in a rare public appearance on Thursday night at the New York Public Library, Mr. Crumb took the stage with one of the more famous cake eaters in the art world, the critic Robert Hughes, who has compared Mr. Crumb not only to Bruegel but also to Goya, one of Mr. Hughes's favorite artists and the subject of his latest book. In 1994 Mr. Hughes appeared as a talking head, a kind of lone voice from the establishment art world, in Terry Zwigoff's hit documentary "Crumb," but until Thursday night, the two men had never met. Introduced as "two very naughty boys" before a sold-out crowd, they made an odd couple.
Mr. Hughes, 66, barrel-chested and blustery, commanded the stage and in a mostly dogged manner tried to plumb the depths of the funny, disturbing cartoons that have honestly and bleakly chronicled Mr. Crumb's own life. Mr. Crumb, 61, still as thin and gangly as his cartoons portray him, often slumped in his chair, politely made fun of himself, Mr. Hughes and the whole pretense of an art discussion, and occasionally fumbled with his tie, making his clip microphone emit a loud thump that caused him to jump comically.
But as different as the men were, they discovered that they had a lot of common ground in their disdain for much of contemporary art. In fact, despite his subversive, counterculture reputation, Mr. Crumb came off as even more conservative in his opinions about art than Mr. Hughes, who generally likes his art "cake" well aged.
"I thought that nobody hated Warhol and what he stood for more than me," Mr. Hughes said at one point, "but my, oh my, you do."
The discussion was Mr. Crumb's only public speaking appearance in the United States to promote his new book, "The R. Crumb Handbook," a memoir in collaboration with his friend, Peter Poplaski, published this month. While Mr. Crumb, who now lives in southern France, has often shunned popular culture (he famously turned down offers to be the host of "Saturday Night Live" and to design an album cover for the Rolling Stones, saying he hated that band), he has ventured much further into public in recent years, partly because of the urging of his wife, the cartoonist Aline Kominsky-Crumb.
Mr. Crumb, who has said he loathes the fashion world, recently helped the designer Stella McCartney make a limited-edition T-shirt with his comics on the front that sells for more than $150. He has appeared at lavish parties for the T-shirt in London and New York. He now has a Web site, www.crumbproducts.com, where fans can buy a Mr. Natural table lamp for $825. And to promote the new book, its publisher, MQ Publications of London, is conducting an R. Crumb look-alike contest in the United States. (The winner gets a "date" with Ms. Kominsky-Crumb.)
During the discussion with Mr. Hughes - which did not stint on classic Crumb references to fellatio, beheaded nuns, near-severed penises and throwing up while on LSD - Mr. Crumb often seemed to be of two minds about his fame and increasing acceptance in the gallery-art world, which ignored him for so long. He said that as a disaffected young man, if he had not had the outlet of drawing, he probably would have ended up sketching his lurid, big-bottomed female characters "on some prison wall or in a lunatic asylum someplace, or I'd be dead."
"Now I'm better," he said, adding that "getting famous helped." But then he immediately countered that it could be "hell on earth," and in one exchange with the audience - which included his fellow cartoonists Art Spiegelman and Bill Griffith - he mocked his contradictory needs.
"I want everyone to love me," he said, half-mockingly, after explaining that he was once shocked to learn that the racial stereotypes and violence toward women he portrayed in his work were hurtful to many people. "Please love me," Mr. Crumb added.
A woman in the audience then shouted, "We love you!," and Mr. Crumb held up his hands, cringing, to stop the applause.
"O.K., you love me," he responded, laughing. "You're killing me, you love me so much. You're choking me. Now back off."
After the discussion, Mr. Crumb quickly ducked out of the library, avoiding a throng of fans, and later joined Mr. Hughes for dinner, where they took a while to warm up to each other, but by the end were in a spirited discussion about Hitler's architect, Albert Speer, whom Mr. Hughes interviewed in the late 1970's.
Mr. Hughes told about an exchange in which Speer said that architecture was certainly one way to unite a people, but that if the Nazis had had television, there would have been no stopping them.
Mr. Crumb, finishing his plate of baked chicken, beamed. "Oh, that's great," he said. "It's true."
Art in Review
By ROBERTA SMITH
Published: December 17, 1993
R. Crumb Alexander Gallery 980 Madison Avenue (near 76th Street) Through Jan. 15 (closed Dec. 24 to Jan. 4)
This exhibition confirms the influential, obsessive, self-flagellating and highly productive talent of R. Crumb, one of the grandfathers of underground cartooning. It is not definitive, but with nearly 200 works -- ranging from the early 1960's, when Mr. Crumb was a talented teen-age malcontent in Cleveland, to the present -- it will give most people interested in his work more than enough to look at.
The show includes finished and published strips, erotica, and pages and pages from Mr. Crumb's many notebooks and sketch pads. It also has less familiar items, like some unsuccessful attempts at what he considered fine art (for his first exhibition, at an art center in Peoria, Ill.) and examples of his work for American Greeting Cards in Cleveland, his first job.
Especially noteworthy are several examples of the handmade comic book Arcade, the letters in the form of comics that Mr. Crumb sent to his best friend and mentor, Marty Pahls, after Mr. Pahls went away to college. They are interesting because they show Mr. Crumb using color, which is rare, and using it well, and because they indicate he was something of a prodigy.
The show's one incontestable masterpiece is "The Big Yum-Yum Book," the small bound book, each page meticulously drawn and colored, that Mr. Crumb gave to his first wife. ROBERTA SMITH
Art Review | R. Crumb
Mr. Natural Goes to the Museum
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By KEN JOHNSON
Published: September 4, 2008
PHILADELPHIA — What a long, strange trip it’s been. Over the course of his five-decade career the comic artist R. Crumb has gone from hero of the hippie underground to toast of the international art world. Founder of the deliriously psychedelic and ribald Zap Comix during the Haight-Ashbury wonder years, he has more recently contributed comic strips made in collaboration with his wife, Aline Kominsky Crumb, to The New Yorker. In 2004 he was included in the Carnegie International and had a career retrospective at the Ludwig Museum in Cologne, Germany.
Courtesy of Denis Kitchen Art Agency
R. Crumb’s Underground One of the more than 100 works in this exhibition at the Institute of Contemporary Art in Philadelphia.
Now the Institute of Contemporary Art here offers “R. Crumb’s Underground,” an excellent opportunity to ponder Mr. Crumb’s incredible journey. This enthralling selection of more than 100 works from all phases of his career was organized by Todd Hignite, the publisher and editor of Comic Art magazine, for the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco, where it was on view in 2007.
Mr. Crumb is not the only artist to cross over from the comic-book ghetto to the fine-art museum. Gary Panter, Chris Ware and Daniel Clowes are just three of the better-known contemporary cartoonists who have helped to make the comic book a form to be taken seriously by sophisticated adults. But Mr. Crumb — a draftsman of transcendent skill, inventiveness and versatility, a fearlessly irreverent, excruciatingly funny satirist of all things modern and progressively high-minded, and an intrepid explorer of his own twisted psyche — remains the genre’s gold standard.
Born in Philadelphia in 1943, Mr. Crumb (first name, Robert) never went to art school. He learned to draw under the tutelage of his older brother, Charles, also an aspiring comic artist. In the early 1960s he designed greeting cards for the American Greetings Corporation in Cleveland. In 1967 he moved to San Francisco, where he would create some of the most memorable characters in cartoon history, including the irascible guru Mr. Natural and his hapless foil Flakey Foont; the suave, shamelessly randy Fritz the Cat; the angry amazon Devil Girl; and R. Crumb himself, a figure comparable to the autobiographical alter egos of Woody Allen and Philip Roth. Since the early 1990s Mr. Crumb and his wife have lived in the South of France.
The exhibition is full of wild sex. Mr. Crumb makes no bones about his lust for big, muscular women, and his uncensored erotic fantasy life is not only entertaining but also liberating. See “How to Have Fun With a Strong Girl” (2002), a suite of 12 drawings in which the scrawny Mr. Crumb climbs like a monkey all over a powerfully built young woman. We should all be so open to, and forgiving of, our libidinous fantasies.
But sex is not Mr. Crumb’s only preoccupation. He is also a great lover of early-20th-century popular music and a fanatical collector of old 78-r.p.m. records. A section of the exhibition devoted to his musical interests includes extended narratives about the sadly foreshortened lives of the blues musicians Charlie Patton and Tommy Grady. There is a humane, deeply moving tenderness to these works.
The influence of LSD, which Mr. Crumb has called his “road to Damascus,” is evident in works of funky surrealism from the ’60s and ’70s. The classic “Meatball” (1967), in which ordinary people from all walks of life are hit from out of the blue by consciousness-altering meatballs, is mysteriously trippy.
But what is also appealing in Mr. Crumb’s work is how often it is grounded in mundane reality. “Lap o’ Luxury” (1977), at 10 pages one of his longer productions, tells in detail all the events in one afternoon in the life of a little boy at home with his mom and his pesky younger brother. At one point he becomes sexually aroused by the cowboy boots on a woman who comes for a brief visit, but otherwise it is all good, clean fun.
Viewers should set aside two or three hours to take in this show. It requires a lot of reading, which brings up another of Mr. Crumb’s virtues: he is a gifted writer with a great ear for vernacular speech. An argument can be made that Mr. Crumb’s work is best consumed in book form. But there really is no substitute for seeing the original drawings, most of which are made with a fine black Rapidograph pen. The liveliness of his curiously old-fashioned draftsmanship comes across in print, but no reproduction can capture his subtlety of touch and alertness to the act of drawing.
Whatever the aesthetic and formal attractions of his work, Mr. Crumb’s penchant for barging past the limits of good taste and political correctness into psychologically juicy and dangerously complicated territory is still the main draw. His most amazingly provocative creation is Angelfood McSpade, a young, inky black, big-breasted African woman in a palm leaf skirt who was inspired by racist caricatures of the ’20s and ’30s. Sweet-tempered and dimwitted, the long-suffering Angelfood is subjected to all kinds of sexual abuse in various episodes Mr. Crumb has drawn. In one hilarious strip in the exhibition she is abducted and molested by aliens in a U.F.O.
Mr. Crumb’s outrageous play with the Angelfood character hinges on a theory that all people are at least unconsciously racist and that bringing racist fantasies fully to light is the best way to expose how stupid and cruel yet insidiously compelling they can be, especially when mixed with sexual fantasies. Kara Walker and Robert Colescott have toyed with racist stereotypes to similar ends.
But Angelfood represents something else for Mr. Crumb too. At the end of a zanily eventful four-page narrative from 1968 we see her dancing in the forest. “She spends her time bopping around in the jungle,” reads the caption, “just a simple, primitive creature! But if you dig her, go get her! If you dare!” In the final panel a man in a suit and tie hurries along a path in the opposite direction from a sign pointing to “Schmarvard Law School.” The words on his suitcase say, “Darkest Africa or Bust!”
Angelfood, in other words, is a symbol of modern man’s yearning for reconnection to his own misplaced instinctual life. In a sense that has been Mr. Crumb’s own lifelong mission: to stay imaginatively alive to his own deepest and most urgent desires, however embarrassing, distasteful or offensive they may appear to polite society. Angelfood is R. Crumb’s soul.
“R. Crumb’s Underground” continues through Dec. 7 at the Institute of Contemporary Art, 118 South 36th Street, Philadelphia; (215) 898-7108, icaphila.org.
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Reflection for Today: Does a Church Appearing Fervent Mean That It Has the Work of the Holy Spirit?
Several months ago, I witnessed the pastors in our church vying with each other for the sake of fame and gain and jockeying for position, so much so that they even verbally attacked and disparaged each other during sermons. Their sermons were not enjoyable to listen to, and our spirits went unnourished. Furthermore, there was widespread cooling of the faith of brothers and sisters; they pursued wealth, they coveted physical pleasures and they followed worldly trends, giving all their attention to eating, drinking and having fun. Most of the time, some brothers and sisters simply did not attend gatherings, but instead only came when a disaster occurred in their lives or when there was some important holiday … Faced with this situation in our church, I left to look for a church that had the work of the Holy Spirit . I searched in many places, however, and discovered that most churches were just the same, and I began to lose hope. I recently found a church, however, which often put on shows and held events, and it even had pastors come from overseas to give sermons. The atmosphere in this church was very warm and enthusiastic, and many people attended each gathering. Looking at this church that was so ardent and at the brothers and sisters who attended gatherings so enthusiastically, I thought this must be a church that had the work of the Holy Spirit. It wasn’t long, however, before I discovered that, although appeared ardent, the sermons preached by the pastors were unable to provide benefits for the lives of brothers and sisters and were unable to satisfy our spirits. The singing and dancing that went on only had the effect of changing the atmosphere in the church—while it was going on, we all felt very energetic, but as soon as we sat down to listen to a pastor give a sermon, we would begin to doze off. Moreover, brothers and sisters were always trying to outdo each other with donations and prayers. Whoever donated a lot was considered to be someone who loved , and whoever prayed for a long time and said nice words in their prayers was considered to be a spiritual person…. In this kind of church, the brothers and sisters not only had no honesty or humility but, on the contrary, their vanity just got stronger and stronger and they became more and more hypocritical. They focused on expressing themselves and showing off in front of others and were exceedingly self-righteous and arrogant. Whenever they encountered an issue, they just dealt with it however they wanted, and they didn’t listen to anyone else—they were just not keeping to the Lord’s teachings at all. Faced with this kind of situation in the church, I couldn’t help but wonder: Could such a church that appears to be so fervent from the outside have the work of the Holy Spirit? This question has always perplexed me, so I’d like to ask if you could answer it for me.
recommenda to you: what is the holy spirit