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Have you ever wondered how many balloons it would take to fill a Holden Astra 4 Door Hatch?
One Hundred Forty Four....just in case you were curious.
This is what happens when Sam puts our wipers up day after day after day.
We get some payback.
Dan and I spent our lunch break today inflating 144 balloons and stuffing them into his car.
10 random balloons had a handful of confetti in them. This was for our amusement in the event that he decided to pop them to get back into the car.
Instead he just opened the doors, climbed in and pushed them out.
This prank cost $6.50 and provided us with hours of laughs. Both while we were filling the car, and of course when he returned to the office in the afternoon.
I do believe the words he spoke are not fit to type here!
1st June 2016 - Meet the Author- The Great acceleration: How the world is getting faster, faster. OECD, Paris, France. With Robert Colvile, Journalist & Author, The Great Acceleration: How the World is Getting Faster, Faster and Toby Green, Head of Publishing, Public Affairs & Communications, OECD
Photo: OECD/Christian Moutarde
How to bend a tree with boiling water: Latter half of a game | The production of one's own timpani frame drum.
www.homemadeinstruments.kandamori.net/2017/03/blog-post.html
#音楽 #楽器 #ギター #ドラム #ベース #太鼓 #パーカッション #自作楽器 #アンプ #diy
#Amp #GuitarAmp #BassAmp #Music #musical #instrument #guitar #drum #bass #percussion #Homemade #Instruments
This is how I feel today.
I had a comment from a kid at work today. "My Daddy says you're fat."
Yeah, thanks for repeating that kid.
"Well, that's true, but it's still not kind to repeat it."
And I know better than to let it get to me, I do! But some days I can't turn off the repeat loop.
I feel ugly, and stupid. I have too much homework, and a headache, and I'm tired. And I'll stop whining now.
How to Play Football was recently restored to be played on Have a Laugh! The left is a former transfer, and the right is an HD transfer uploaded a couple months ago by WaltDisneyStudiosFr. This is intended to show something of note and belongs to Disney, not me.
That's Hotch from the Criminal Minds TV Show, but can someone tell me why that Intrusive Samsung stuff is appearing on the left of my screen and then on the right and back and forth? I hate it! What is it and how do I get rid of it. I was on cable where I used to live, and now I'm on antenna.
Oh, and I'm not worried about the horrible blur. I was just trying to get a shot of the Samsung stuff.
(2017-08-23_06-12-10)(SamsungCameraShot)
This shows just how much power that little girl has over people. And to think, if she can do this at school, what do you think her home life is like...yeah, she's spoiled.
Drawing a flaming skull video two.
Also see how to draw a flaming skull with this drawing tutorial - hubpages.com/_flicker/hub/How-To-Draw-A-Flaming-Skull
If you’ve tried diet after diet and you’re still hollering, “Please! Help me lose weight!” It’s because diets don’t work (obviously). Sure, they may help you drop a few pounds in the beginning, but the results are often short lived. Most diets require you to restrict your caloric intake to the point where your body is literally starving.
Not getting enough calories slows your metabolism down, causes the loss of lean muscle tissue, deprives you of the fuel you need to perform, and causes your body to hold on to stored fat for energy. In addition, diets are miserable, depressing, frustrating and not sustainable over the long term. Seriously, how long do you think you can survive off of grapefruits and cabbage?
Take it from a gal who has tried almost every diet on the market. Proper nutrition will give you better weight loss results than simply going on a diet. Here are three good reasons why.
Healthy Foods Are Naturally Low in Calories
Unlike processed junk, healthy foods like vegetables, fruits, legumes, beans naturally raised meats, organic poultry, raw nuts, seeds and organic eggs are naturally low in calories. When you eat reasonable portions of these foods, you automatically reduce your caloric intake and lose weight without feeling hungry, deprived or bitter.
There is so much nonsense in processed foods. When you eat them, your body doesn’t have a clue what to do with the calories; so they just get stored as fat. When you eat nutritious foods instead of processed junk, your body actually benefits from the calories so they are less likely to get stored as blubber.
Proper Nutrition Helps Fuel Your Body
All nutritious (and I mean truly nutritious) eating plans will allow plenty of fresh vegetables, fruits and beans in the diet. These foods provide the healthy carbohydrates you need to fuel your body and keep your metabolism performing properly.
If you come across a diet that tells you not to eat healthy carbohydrates, run away from it as fast as you can. Your body absolutely has to have healthy carbohydrates (healthy being the operative word) to survive.
Here’s some great news. Healthy diets that include protein can help you build lean muscle tissue, which can kick your metabolism into high gear. This is definitely a plus if you want to send that double chin packing.
When you eat protein rich foods, your body releases a hormone that helps you burn fat. Protein also helps make meals more satiating so you eat less (bring on the protein, baby). Some nutritious protein sources include naturally raised lean meats, organic poultry, beans, raw nuts and whole organic eggs.
Why put yourself through the drama of dieting just to be disappointed with the end results? Healthy eating is a much better option for dropping unwanted pounds. Remember though, nutritious eating is just one part of the weight loss puzzle. If you want to keep those results coming, get plenty of exercise and drink lots of water.
If you are serious about losing weight, watch this video to learn some of the things that help me lose weight and keep it off.
Did you like this article? Share it with your friends on Facebook.
How can a Pz.Gr 40/42 penetrate the mantlet of an IS 3? Furthermore, how can shooting the mantlet one shot kill the tank?
How...?! (box in the upper right corner is the X-Ray hit cam)
I was recently asked the question by a friend “How far have you seen with your telescope?” I did not know the answer off the top of my head. He seem satisfied when I side stepped the question and told him that by just using my eyes I once make out the Great Sculptor Galaxy (NGC 253) during a night of perfect seeing from a mountain top in the Hawaiian Islands. NGC 253 is 9.8 million light years which easily sets my “without aid” long distance record (note, a light year is approximately 5.88 trillion miles or 9.5 trillion kilometers). Anyway, out of my own curiosity I started to look through my past observational logs to see what the answer to his question was. Quasar Q1634+706 turned out to be my record. I observed it from a dark location in West Virginia, far away from city lights, with my 45.72 cm (18”) reflector. The light from Q1634+706 observed that night left the quasar 8.6 billion years ago. But the universe is receding fast at that distance and thus the quasar had traveled a lot since it sent the light that I saw. Q1634+706 real distance was closer to 12.9 billion light years. Unfortunately, I did not make a drawing of that observation. However, what really surprised me was that my second place of the furthest objects I have seen through a telescope was with a more modest-sized 155 mm (6.1") refractor from the deck of my house. Considering that the sky over my house is light-saturated this came as a surprise. The above drawing is of quasar 3C-273 made on February 15, 1999. The small dot just to the left of the 3C-273 label is the quasar. This quasar is approximately 2.4 billion light years from the deck of my house. It shines 4 trillion times brighter than our sun (visual magnitude = 12.9, absolute magnitude = -26.7). The light I was seeing from my home deck that night left the quasar 2.4 billion years ago – to me that is so cool.
Additional Astronomy drawings can be seen at: www.orrastrodrawing.com
How To Make Easter Favor Bags. To see the full article on how we made these, please click on the following link.
www.cherrymenlove.com/crafts-how-tos/2010/03/how-to-make-...
During PBS’ HOW WE GOT TO NOW WITH STEVEN JOHNSON session at the Television Critics Association Summer Press Tour in Beverly Hills, CA on Wednesday, July 23, 2014, host/author Steven Johnson and producer Jane Root discuss the remarkable ideas that made modern life possible.
(Premieres Wednesdays, October 15, 9:00-11:00 p.m. and October 22-November 12, 10:00-11:00 pm ET)
All photos in this set should be credited to Rahoul Ghose/PBS
The world of Monster Hunter Rise gets bigger and deeper with this massive expansion featuring new monsters, new locales and more!
Note: You must own Monster Hunter Rise in order to play this expansion. Sunbreak content is accessible after completion of the 7-star Hub quest “Serpent Goddess of Thunder”. If you purchase this content while the game is open, you must restart the game in order to access the content.
The XCI file format of this game is compatible with a custom firmware modded Nintendo Switch, you can perfectly play it there. If you don't own a Switch then you can play it on PC, just follow all the steps shown in this video to get started.
Official Site approms.com/mhrisesunbreakryuzu
System Requirements:
CPU: Atleast 4 cores (Higher Core count = better performance)
GPU: atleast GTX 1060 or amd equivalent
RAM: 8GB RAM (16GB is recommended)
Storage: atleast 1TB since Switch games are large in file size
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Don't look for the cheapest tours, the risk is high, that the service and the safety are cheap too
Ask the tour seller: how old is the boat?
Check, if the boat has glass windows - boats with wood windows are older. Newer boats have hammers to break the glass
Check, if Kayaking or the transfer from Hanoi to Halong is included in the package,
Check if lifewests for Kayaking are included
Check, if the route goes to Bai Tu Long Bay, which is less crowded than Halong Bay
Check the weather, before you start. If storms are forecasted, you should not go. Be aware, that the tour operator might not have an insurance, so take care, you have one yourself
When going on board: ask for the security instruction. Check, where the life vests are
If you are not an experienced swimmer, take care, there can be streams in the water, may be the way back to the ship is much harder than the way away from the ship, there can also be jellyfish
If you are not experienced in kayaking, don't go alone but with somebody who is experienced. Especially inside the caves there can be streams difficult to manage.
Have questions? Please contact:
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Tel: +84 510 2 222 773*** Hotline: + 84 979 58 77 44
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How to properly Park the Toyota Prius at the airport for picking up a passenger
Not the sharpest tool in the shed
And now the final day.
And day of travelling.
And waiting.
And the question of how to fill the day. I mean, the flight was at eight, so that gave us 10 hours to fill, even if we left the hotel at ten. I believe we had seen most of what Houston had to offer, apart from the endless supply of steak restaurants, of course.
We were awake at six, as usual. But then laid in bed for an hour, just enjoying the peace and not doing anything.
We get up, check the news and after coffee start packing. It all went in there, it'll all go back. We say.
And it does.
At half nine we were done, one last trawl round the room and we leave.
They will debit my credit card they tell me, smiling.
We get the car from the valet. They will also invoice us by mail.
More smiles.
We load the car and decide to go to Walmart from beans.
Beans.
Boston beans.
The sat nav takes us 5 miles to the supercenter.
We wander round, find the beans aisle. No Boston beans, but there were others. We also buy hot sauce. And spices.
On the other side of the car park there was a cafe, so we walk there. Not drive.
Breakfast is proper cooked breakfast.
And pecan pie. I would like to partake in a piece of your pecan pie. I said.
They gave me a piece.
We go to the natural history museum.
I like a good museum. I do. But we are here just to walk through the butterfly house. Because we like butterflies.
We pay for tickets, and go straight for the butterflies. It is magical, as always, to have tropical butterflies and try to feed on your t shirt. Or is it just me?
The museum is also great, but lots of stuffed animals. I means lots. As Jools said, soon this sort of place will be all where you can see tigers and other rare animals.
We look through a display of minerals. Then jewels.
The Faberge collection is stunning. But we are just using up our time.
We get bored, so leave. And take the car on the half hour drive to the airport. It was two in the afternoon.
Jools wanted to look for some books, so we stop off at a barnes and Noble. I buy books. Jools doesn't.
Round the corner is a place to eat. Others have not yet opned or have private parties on. So, we walk the half block to The Backstreet Cafe. Walk, I tell you.
Guests at the interment services for an unknown crewmember of the CSS Alabama at the Magnolia Cemetery in Mobile. The wreck of the Alabama lies off Cherbourg, France and is being jointly explored by US and French teams. It was sunk during the Civil War by the USS Kearsarge.
How to Use Your GOD Power
.To Get Everything You Ever Wanted and
Live the Life of Your Dreams
"The Master's Course"
By: Richard Lee McKim Jr.
Contents:
1.
Questions And Answers About
"Your God Power" What Is It?
2.
Watch The Entire Course Online For
The YouTube "Video Book" Links
(Listed In Chapter Order)
3.
Selected Course Videos Including
Well Known Experts & Important Subjects
(The YouTube Links)
4.
Where To Buy The Course (The Links)
5.
Why Is This Course On-Line for ?
& Contact The Author (E-Mail Address)
1.
Questions & Answers About
"Your God Power"
What is Your "God Power?"
Your God Power, is: "The ability to Change Reality." Our Realities are changeable, and are in fact, changing all the time. Miracles are examples of a drastic and unexpected, beneficial change in Reality. The Placebo Effect, is a change in Reality, where a sugar pill with no medicinal qualities, is able to cure a terminally ill patient. In the "Normal Reality," the pill has no beneficial effect. It is just sugar. However, when a patient believes that the sugar pill is a special medicine, a Miracle cure, it "Becomes" a miracle cure. The Patient used his "God Power," to change his own Reality.
We were made in the "Likeness of God." That "Likeness," is our ability to Change Our Own Realities. That is the ability that You were given at birth, "Your God Power."
Your ability to Change Your Reality, is not limited to improving Your Health. You have the ability to change the Reality of Your Circumstances, Your Health, Your Love Life, Your Financial Situation, and even Your World.
How Does Your God Power Work?
Your Reality is based on "Meanings," Your Meanings. Whatever something "Means" to You, creates the Reality of it. It is a change in "Meaning." that creates a Change in Reality.
For Example. When a Patient takes a sugar pill, and he Knows that it is a sugar pill, what does that Mean to him? It means that he will gain a few calories from the sugar that he has just taken. However, if he thinks and Believes that the pill is some special Miracle Drug, that will cure him, what does that Mean? It means, that if he swallows that pill, he will be cured, and so, the sugar, becomes able to actually cure a terminal illness. The "Facts," were not changed. He still took a pill made of sugar, but, its Meaning was changed, which changed his Reality.
When someone is engulfed in a dreadful situation, that is expected to have dire consequences, what does that Mean? It Means, that there will be an unfortunate outcome. However, if the person prays to God, for a Miracle, what does that Mean? That Means, that God will now intervene in this situation, and create a favorable outcome. Praying to God, Means a favorable outcome is eminent. The Meaning has changed, and therefore, the Reality has changed. Impossible situations, suddenly "Become" resolved. That is how Your God Power works.
Watch this short Video For A
Better Understanding of "Meanings"
How To Use Your God Power -
The Meaning of "Meanings"
***
Is This The Same As The
"Law of Attraction?"
The "Law of Attraction" is generally thought of as "Like Attracts Like." Technically, "The Results are Elicited by the Resonant Attraction of the Meaning." In other words, when taking a Pill Means that You will get well; the Meaning of Getting Well elicits, or attracts, the "Like Result" of Good Health. That is "Like Attracts Like."
The "Attraction" is always based on the Meaning of the situation, and NOT the facts. It is the Meaning of taking a miracle drug that heals the patient, not, the sugar in the pill. It is the Meaning of Feeling Lucky, and not the actual Lucky item, that attracts (Elicits) the fortuitous circumstances.
Aren't "Feelings"
The Basis of Attraction?
"Feelings" are NOT the basis of Attraction. Feelings are the "Indicator" of what You are attracting. It is ALWAYS the "Meaning" that is the Basis of what you are attracting into your experience.
In example. If the Doctor tells you that You have a terminal Disease and there is no chance that you will survive, that "Means" that you will Die Soon. That "Meaning" makes you FEEL bad, and you "Elicit" Death as a Result. Not form the Feeling, but from the Meaning, that resulted in Your Bad Feeling. However, if the Doctor tells you that he has a "Miracle Drug" that will cure you, that "Means" that You will survive and Live. That results in a GOOD Feeling. You will then "Elicit" Healing and good Health from the "Meaning" that You will survive. Note: It doesn't matter whether the Drug is Real or not. If what the Doctor gives You "Means" that you will now Survive, you will. It is ALWAYS the "Meaning" First, then the Resulting Feeling and Elicited Results, come after that.
Isn't There Just
One Reality For All?
No. Every Person has their own, separate Reality. They may look alike, and seem the same, but, they are all individual Realities. One Person takes the Sugar pill, and gets well, and another takes the same pill and dies. The facts were the same, but, the Meanings and resulting Realities were different. One Person gets a Miracle and another in the same situation, does not. One Person always seems to get the "Lucky" breaks, and another Person in the same exact situation, never does. While they may have both believed in the pill or both expected a Miracle consciously, Subconsciously, their Beliefs, Meanings, and expectations may have been different. They are different Realities, which are creating (Eliciting) different Results.
Is "Luck" Real?
YES! Luck is Real. When You carry Your "Lucky" item in Your pocket, for example, what does that "Mean" to You? Does that "Mean" that You will be Lucky? If so, then You will "Become" Lucky, not because You have the Lucky Item, but, because it "Means Good Luck For You." Can You be "Un-Lucky?" Yes You Can. What does it Mean to You, when every Job that You have ever had, or Mate that You have ever had, didn't work out? Does it mean that You are "Un-Lucky" in Love, or life? If so, then You will "Become" Un-Lucky, in Reality.
Isn't It Just "Fate?"
Yes it is, but, not in the way that You think of "Fate." We all have certain Beliefs, Meanings and Expectations in our Lives. These Meanings are "Eliciting" and Manifesting certain Results into our Experience. That might be thought of as our "Fate." Fate is the cascading results of our Meanings and Beliefs, whether they Manifest in the next 5 Minutes or the next 50 Years. We can control our Fate, by deciding on, and controlling our Beliefs and Meanings.
"While We Are Destined To
Experience the Results of Fate,
We Have the Free Will to
Decide What Our Fates Will Be."
R.L.M.
How Will This Course Help Me?
This Course shows You step by step, how the Universe Really Works. You will learn exactly how to Create Your Own Personal Reality to Get Everything You Ever Wanted, and Live the Life of Your Dreams.
You Will Learn:
What Your God Power Is
The Meaning of Your Life
How Reality Works
How "The Law Of Attraction" Actually Works
(Exactly How "Like Attracts Like")
How To Create and Change Your Own Reality
How To Be Successful
How To Change Your Body
How To Reverse Aging
How To Get Well
How To Get Thin
How To Improve Your Love Life
How To Develop Special Abilities
How To Silence The Critics
How To Change Your World
Why Is This A "Course"
And Not Just A Book?
This information has been made available in Course Form, in order to help You learn the Material in the quickest and Easiest way possible. The Course includes The following:
The 555 Page, Fully Integrated, E-Book
The 35 Hour Audio Book
The Slide-Show Presentation with 1,500 Slides
The 51 Hour Flash Movie Presentation
100+ Video Examples
100+ Illustration Files
Free Software
Watch a short Video on all the Features of the
Course and what it includes, Click on this Link:
How To Use Your God Power -
Course Features
***
2.
Watch The Entire Course Online For
The YouTube "Video Book" Links
(Listed In Chapter Order)
The Entire Course "Video-Book"
Is Available On Line, In The
"High Definition Interactive" Format.
The On-Line "Video-Book" is in 270 Video Segments, and covers the entire course. They are All Available on YouTube. Each "Video-Book" Segment includes Links to Video Examples, Downloadable On-Line Illustrations, and other Websites that are Mentioned in that segment. Every Segment has links to the Next Segment that You should watch in the Course.
This Course is Presented in the easy to use "High Definition Interactive" Format for easy Navigation and Viewing. Below are the "Interactive Video Book" Features.
This Is The Main View. The Video Book Plays
In The Middle Between The Two Control Panels.
***
All The Video Example Links and The Course Illustration
Links, are Listed In The Notes Section, Under The Video.
These Are The Video Book Control Buttons and
What Each One Does. These Buttons are Also "Clickable."
(Click On Them To See How They Work)
This Button Takes You Back to The Video Before This One & Skips Past The Video Introduction
www.msn.com/en-us/money/markets/fda-lays-out-annual-covid...
FDA Lays Out Annual Covid Shot Plan Similar to Flu
(Bloomberg) -- Americans are about to get a clearer idea of how often they’ll roll up their sleeves for Covid-19 shots when advisers to US regulators meet Thursday to discuss an immunization schedule that looks more like the one used for flu.
The plan would have health officials meet each June to review which strains of the virus should be included in Covid shots to be deployed no later than September of the same year, according to documents released by the US Food and Drug Administration ahead of the Jan. 26 meeting.
Experts from around the world convene annually to make predictions about which flu strains will dominate during the upcoming season and, thus, should be targeted by shots. The FDA is looking for a similar coordinated effort to take place at least as often for Covid shots, one of several changes the agency hopes might help simplify the immunization process and encourage more Americans to stay up to date.
Waning immunity from vaccinations and the emergence of new variants every few months has led regulators to recommend variant-targeted boosters, a tactic that so far has been unpopular among Americans and has even split some health experts on costs and benefits. Just weeks after rolling out the updated BA.4 and BA.5 boosters in September, new mutations were rampant. Now, even as the US sees the rise of an immune-evasive variant called XBB.1.5, booster uptake is hovering at about 15%.
“Although the use of the bivalent mRNA boosters is supported by the available evidence, their deployment has been associated with significant implementation complexities,” the FDA said. Switching to one composition for both primary shots and boosters will help streamline the process, according to the agency documents.
Evidence suggests that immunity from prior exposure to the virus along with vaccination will provide enough protection so that most people will need one annual Covid booster, according to the documents. However, young children who might not have been previously exposed and people who are at higher risk for severe disease may need two yearly shots, the FDA said.
“An annual vaccine would be ideal because people would remember, they can do it with other vaccinations like flu and it can last,” Albert Bourla, chief executive officer of Covid vaccine-maker Pfizer Inc., said Jan. 18 in an interview with Bloomberg.
The FDA is still concerned about evasion of vaccine-induced immunity by mutants of the fast-spreading omicron strain, according to the documents. That warrants continued surveillance of variants and also monitoring of the protection previous vaccines provide against new strains.
Pfizer and Moderna Inc. are both working on next-generation vaccines that hold up against mutations and provide longer-lasting protection, but it’s unlikely those will be ready to go into arms anytime soon.
www.news-medical.net/news/20230123/SARS-CoV-2-Omicron-XBB...
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5, CA.3.1, and CH.1.1 exhibit remarkable antibody resistance
In a recent study posted to bioRxiv* preprint server, researchers at Ohio State University examined the degree of neutralizing antibody (nAb) evasion by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron XBB.1.5, CA.3.1, and CH.1.1 subvariants.
Several subvariants have emerged from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, some showing relatively higher immune evasion, threatening vaccination efficacy. The BQ.1.1 sub-variant was the most prevalent following months of BA.5 predominance in the United States. Nonetheless, it is being quickly replaced by XBB.1.5. The XBB lineage was first detected in India as a recombinant of BA.2.75 and BA.2.10.1.1. Its emergence was alarming since it contained numerous mutations with established immune escape characteristics.
The effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), mono- or bivalent vaccines, and infection-induced immunity were reduced against XBB. The XBB lineage acquired two additional substitutions in the spike, resulting in XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 subvariants, and their impact remains unknown. In addition, the CA.3.1 and CH.1.1 subvariants of Omicron have been notable lately, as they carry the L452R substitution in the spike, previously discovered in the Delta and Omicron BA.4/5 variants.
The study and findings
In the present study, researchers evaluated the spike protein biology of emergent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants XBB.1.5, CA.3.1, and CH.1.1. First, they assessed the infectivity of spike-pseudotyped lentiviruses in HEK293T-ACE2 cells expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Calu-3 cell line. XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 had higher infectivity, with nearly two-fold increased titers than SARS-CoV-2 D614G in HEK293T-ACE2 cells.
XBB subvariants’ infectivity was not significantly different from that of D614G in this cell line. By contrast, CA.3.1 and CH.1.1 subvariants had nearly 2.5-fold lower infectivity than D614G in Calu-3. Next, the team tested neutralization of these emergent subvariants by sera from 14 healthcare workers (HCWs) boosted with a bivalent vaccine after two-to-four doses of monovalent mRNA vaccine.
Sera were obtained after a median of 66 days post-bivalent vaccination. CA.3.1, CH.1.1, and XBB.1.5 subvariants showed strong resistance to neutralization by sera relative to BA.4/5, with 4.6 to 17.7 times lower nAb titers than BA.4/5. Interestingly, XBB.1.5 had slightly higher nAb titers than its parent lineage (XBB).
Of note, BQ.1.1 showed higher neutralization resistance than any of the XBB subvariants, with 12.8 lower nAb titers than BA.4/5. The CA.3.1 and CH.1.1 subvariants displayed much higher resistance to neutralization by bivalent sera. Next, the neutralization experiments were repeated using sera from HCWs vaccinated thrice with monovalent mRNA vaccines.
Samples were obtained after 2-13 weeks post-vaccination. The mean nAb titers of triple-vaccinated sera against SARS-CoV-2 D614 and Omicron (BA.2 and BA.4/5) were up to 5.6-fold lower than those of bivalent sera. nAb titers were markedly reduced for CA.3.1, CH.1.1, and XBB.1.5 subvariants. Overall, the trends of triple-vaccinated sera in neutralizing subvariants were comparable to those of bivalent sera.
In addition, the team examined the neutralization resistance of subvariants to sera from individuals infected with BA.4/5. They observed potent and near-complete neutralization resistance for CA.3.1, CH.1.1, and XBB.1.1 subvariants, with 2.6 to 4.1-fold lower nAb titers than BA.4/5. Furthermore, the researchers determined fusogenicity, surface expression, and processing of spike proteins of the subvariants.
Reduced syncytia formation was evident for all subvariants relative to D614G. XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 showed no differences in spike fusogenicity compared to XBB. The efficiency of syncytia formation of CA.3.1 and CH.1.1 was lower than BA.2.75.2. XBB subvariants, BQ.1.1, and BA.2.75.2 exhibited higher spike processing than D614G. There were no differences in spike processing for CA.3.1 and CH.1.1 subvariants relative to the parental BA.2.75.2.
Finally, homology modeling of XBB lineage spikes complexed with ACE2 or nAbs was performed. The P486 residue in XBB.1.5 was more hydrophobic than the S486 residue in XBB/XBB.1, resulting in favorable interactions with residues in ACE2, which allows better receptor utilization. The residue 486 is a hotspot for class I nAb recognition, and mutations at this site in XBB subvariants completely abolish interactions with the therapeutic mAb, AZD8895. Mutations at K444 and L452 residues found in CA.3.1 and CH.1.1 also affect interactions with class II nAbs.
Conclusions
Taken together, the findings suggested that bivalent mRNA vaccines induce up to eight times higher nAbs than monovalent vaccines. XBB subvariants, CA.3.1 and CH.1.1, exhibited almost complete escape from neutralization by triple-vaccinated or BA.4/5 infection sera. Moreover, XBB.1.5 did not show enhanced immune evasion relative to BQ.1.1. CA.3.1 and CH.1.1 subvariants consistently showed higher resistance to neutralization than XBB subvariants, warranting continued surveillance and further analyses.
This is the cover of The EDM How-To Book The book Cost $23 including shipping (USonly) for non US orders contact me at
bnf@engr.uark.edu
I will advise of shipping cost.
It was quite a surprise to see 'plain Jane' Arriva blue 57316 helming the 'Snowdonia Statesman' charter, I'd assumed that this had surrendered the blue for the infamously drab maroon some time ago. It turns out the rear loco, 57313, hadn't either. The 06:00 Cambridge - Blaenau Ffestiniog clatters through Glan Conwy running some 20 minutes ahead of schedule.
I took this photo at 11:35 and I'd rolled out of bed at only 11:00. With no time for any means of breakfast, I sprinted for the X19 bus and caught it with about five seconds to spare.
14th June 2014.