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Ironing is the use of a machine, usually a heated tool (an iron), to remove wrinkles from fabric. The heating is commonly done to a temperature of 180–220 °Celsius (356-428 Fahrenheit), depending on the fabric. Ironing works by loosening the bonds between the long-chain polymer molecules in the fibres of the material. While the molecules are hot, the fibres are straightened by the weight of the iron, and they hold their new shape as they cool. Some fabrics, such as cotton, require the addition of water to loosen the intermolecular bonds. Many modern fabrics (developed in or after the mid-twentieth century) are advertised as needing little or no ironing. Permanent press clothing was developed to reduce the ironing necessary by combining wrinkle-resistant polyester with cotton.
The first known use of heated metal to "iron" clothes is known to have occurred in China. The electric iron was invented in 1882, by Henry W. Seeley.
The people of Upper Egypt continue to use the traditional "leg-ironers," amid concerns that the profession will become extinct with many Egyptian households owning a steam iron. But for now, the rural residents of Upper Egypt still take their clothes, especially woollen Saidi jilbabs (long and loose-fitting garments, also known as abbayas) and fabrics, to the leg-ironers, who have been passed down the skill from generation to generation.
With leg-ironing, the hand controls the iron and the leg moves it. This gives maximum pressure on the clothes and therefore the result is a well-ironed piece of fabric compared to the steam irons used in households and dry-cleaning and ironing stores.
The leg-iron is made of pure iron and weighs around 50 pounds. It takes longer than the steam iron but does not cool down as quickly. “The iron is heated over a fire for roughly 15 minutes and can iron three jilbabs before it needs to be reheated.
An iron is heated in what is known in Egypt as a “babur gaz,” or kerosene stove, which is the old method of heating that later developed into modern gas ranges. Babur gaz units are still used in the rural areas and villages to heat food and make tea.
www.al-monitor.com/originals/2017/07/egypt-holds-on-to-le...
TD : Agfapan 100 Professional 35mm film, developed in D-76 1+1 for 7 minutes. Exposure ISO 100 @35mm lens, natural daylight. Scanned with Alpha 6000 edited in ACR, inverted in CS6.
The centennial flame provided some warmth during our evening visit when the temperature dropped to minus 13C.
Day 2.
During the steep and tiring trek from the Sashastra Seema Bal camp at Gairibans (2621 m) to Kalapokhri (3108 m), the weather kept getting from bad to worse. We tried to make the final ascent to Sandakphu after lunch but had to return after going half the distance because of heavy fog and rain.
We then returned to this small lodge at Kalapokhri where we had to stay the night. Almost sub zero temperatures in April made us hesitant to even touch water, let alone try to drink it without heating!
Yaks, rain and cold sum up this place; also the dependence on solar energy. Meanwhile my phone kept getting network coverage from Nepal Telecom.
Next stop Rimbick (2286 m).
Wroxeter Roman City near Shrewsbury on Monday 17th July 2023. The hypocaust system was part of the bathhouse’s two thousand year old under floor heating, however, the pilae stacks seen here are modern replicas as many of the originals were stolen by Victorian souvenir hunters.
Today the central heating system stopped working.
Luckily my youngest son trained as a plumber and heating engineer - so diagnosing the problem was OK - but its Sunday in a national lockdown.
Getting spare parts - no chance until tomorrow.
Stay home, stay safe, get vaccinated when you can.
Stay warm if you can.
Cracow is one of the most poluted cities in Europe. There are about 20 000 of stoves in Cracow and 2 times more in surroundings. The city has launched an exchange program of stoves. Heating coal and wood will be banned in 2019.
Within a week, the summer temperatures have plummeted from 27° to 12°. Time to switch on Minnie's heating pad. Her favourite thing to do with it is to warm her 16-year-old hips.
The laziest entry I've ever done for a contest. The shame is unbearable.
Made in a couple hours as a Bio-cup entry for the eliminatories.
A couple more pics there
A loaded 1600 tons heating oil train led by a DB Cargo TRAXX 185 Loco climbs up the 0,8 percent slope "Rekawinkler Mountain" near Rekawinkel Station. (Lower Austria)
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Hot air balloon festival Vármezõ 2015
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There are two ways that I see this building. I actually have classes in it, it's where all the 3D art happens; metals, ceramics, bronzing, etc. This image shows that I see it as old, dirty, and a treasure. And I also see it as funky, a best kept secret, and classic.
Taken from room 20 in Garwood.