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Frankfurt Cathedral
Cathedral of Saint Bartholomew
German: Frankfurter Dom
Frankfurter Dom Eiserner Steg.jpg
50°6′38″N 8°41′6″ECoordinates: 50°6′38″N 8°41′6″E
LocationDomplatz 1
Frankfurt am Main
CountryGermany
DenominationRoman Catholic
Websitewww.dom-frankfurt.de
History
StatusCathedral
(also parish church)
DedicationBartholomew the Apostle
Relics heldPieces of Saint Bartholomew's skull
Architecture
Functional statusActive
StyleGothic
Years builtc. 7th century (original building)
Completed1550
1990s (restoration)
Specifications
Number of towers1
Tower height95 metres (312 ft) (including spire)
Administration
DioceseLimburg
ProvinceCologne
Laity
Director of musicAndreas Boltz
Frankfurt Cathedral (German: Frankfurter Dom), officially Imperial Cathedral of Saint Bartholomew (German: Kaiserdom Sankt Bartholomäus) is a Roman Catholic Gothic church located in the centre of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is dedicated to Saint Bartholomew.
It is the largest religious building in the city and a former collegiate church. Despite its common English name, it has never been a true cathedral (episcopal see), but is called the Kaiserdom (an "imperial great church" or imperial cathedral) or simply the Dom due to its importance as former election and coronation church of the Holy Roman Empire. As one of the major buildings of the Empire's history, it was a symbol of national unity, especially in the 19th century.
The present church building is the third church on the same site. Since the late 19th century, excavations have revealed buildings that can be traced back to the 7th century. The history is closely linked with the general history of Frankfurt and Frankfurt's old town because the cathedral had an associated role as the religious counterpart of the Royal Palace in Frankfurt.
History
Frankfurt Cathedral was an imperial collegiate church, termed Dom in German - a synecdoche for all collegiate churches used totum pro parte also for cathedrals -, and thus traditionally translated as cathedral in English. St. Bartholomew's is the main church of Frankfurt and was constructed in the 14th and 15th centuries on the foundation of an earlier church from the Merovingian time.
From 1356 onwards, emperors of the Holy Roman Empire were elected in this collegiate church as kings in Germany, and from 1562 to 1792, emperors-elect were crowned here. The imperial elections were held in the Wahlkapelle, a chapel on the south side of the choir (Hochchor) built for this purpose in 1425 (See the Plan to the right) and the anointing and crowning of the emperors-elect as kings in Germany took place before the central altar–believed to enshrine part of the head of St. Bartholomew – in the crossing of the church, at the entrance to the choir (See the Plan to the right).
In the course of the German Mediatisation the city of Frankfurt finally secularised and appropriated the remaining Catholic churches and their endowments of earning assets, however, leaving the usage of the church buildings to the existing Catholic parishes. Thus St. Bartholomew's became of the city's dotation churches, owned and maintained by the city but used by Catholic or Lutheran congregations.
St. Bartholomew's was seen as symbol for national unity in Germany, especially during the 19th century. Although it had never been a bishop's seat, it was the largest church in Frankfurt and its role in imperial politics, including crowning of medieval German emperors, made the church one of the most important buildings of Imperial history.
In 1867, St. Bartholomew's was destroyed by a fire and rebuilt in its present style. During World War II, between October 1943 and March 1944, the old town of Frankfurt, the biggest old Gothic town in Central Europe, was devastated by six bombardments of the Allied Air Forces. The greatest losses occurred in an attack by the Royal Air Force on 22 March 1944, when more than a thousand buildings of the old town, most of them half-timbered houses, were destroyed.
St. Bartholomew's suffered severe damage; the interior was burned out completely. The building was reconstructed in the 1950s. The height of the spire is 95 metres.
Frankfurt Cathedral Choir School
The Frankfurt Cathedral Choir School (German: Frankfurter Domsingschule), founded in 2011, is a mixed ecumenical children's and youth choir, which accompanies not only mass and evensongs, but also official receptions and openings. The Frankfurter Domsingschule offers any singer, regardless of their religious affiliation, age-based, free vocal basic training at regular rehearsals and valuable one-on-one and group vocal training or early musical education. This extensive basic training is unique for Frankfurt.
The shape of these old Tin Mine buildings is so pleasing. I guess if they were built today they would be a steel frame with some panelling bolted on to the outside and would have a prefabricated metal chimney. These techniques weren't available then, but even so I get the feeling that some effort was put into making them look pleasing. Why doesn't this happen these days? It seems all too often that when we put up a building now the drive for efficiency and cost control far outweigh any consideration for making the thing pleasing to the eye and making it enhance its' surroundings.
I'm sure these mines were pretty horrible to work in but at least these purely industrial buildings enhanced the landscape.
It's not pretty looking, but this center-cab switcher that serves the Omni Source Corporation facility in Fort Wayne, Indiana, is functional. It is a side of railroading that gets little attention.
1976
One of the finest stereo tuner components in mid of the 70's. It looks great and so it's the sound. The multi-functional use in the stereo system is unsurpassed. The two big measuring instruments can show the performance of the external amplifier. All functions are selectable. A built in amp for headphones is standard in the DENON TU line.
Both tuner, the Sansui TU-9900 and the Denon TU-500 marked the best performance at this time. And so they work even better today as some modern IC equipped tuners. If you can get a TU-500, catch it.
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Einer der besten Stereo Tuner aus den 70er Jahren. Er sieht nicht nur gut aus, er klingt auch so. Interessant beim DENON ist die exklusive "Walzen"-Skala zur Empfangsabstimmung.
Die zwei grossen Instrumente können multifunktional genutzt werden. Die Leistung des externen Verstärkers kann gemessen und angezeigt werden. Es sind verschiedene Einsatzmöglichkeiten für die VU-Meter schaltbar. Ein integrierter Kopfhörerverstärker gehört zm Standard der TU Serie.
Wie die Sansui Tuner Legende TU-9900 gehörte auch der Denon TU-500 zur absoluten High End Klasse der Stereo Tuner seinerzeit. Beide Tuner machen ihre Arbeit noch heute besser als so manche aktuelle Tuner, die nur noch aus IC-Bausteinen bestehen.
Wenn Du einen TU-500 bekommen kannst, hole ihn Dir :)
This old public toilet by the harbor appears to be used mainly by the fisherman who launch their boats nearby, but apparently someone was afraid a foreigner might wander by and not recognize the Japanese character for male, and decided a more universal symbol was also needed, just in case.
Tutorial on Instructables: www.instructables.com/id/Functional-LEGO-Nutcrackers/
With a simple pull of the lever, these decorative figures can open and close their jaws like authentic nutcrackers!
Both of these models were built in the recent weeks leading up to Christmas. The design was pretty straightforward, but two major issues were making the faces look good, and finally getting the hats right. In fact, the green nutcracker's crown took the longest to figure out, and was finally made with hinge plates.
As mentioned in the tutorial, although these can in fact function as real nutcrackers, they're somewhat rickety and best suited for holiday decorations.
Kaiser Permanente Antelope Valley is a beautiful, functional, LEED Gold Certified Medical Office Building in Lancaster, California. It features local art, congruence with the environment around it, and the most up to date specialty and primary medical care that Kaiser Permanente is known for. Our host was Diana Shiba, MD, Eye Surgeon and physician leader, Southern California Permanente Medical Group.
Pages from a vintage dictation book - machine quilted with fabric / ripped paper bag and twine wrapped over glazed acrylic canvas.
(7" x 9")
A fully functional Launch Abort System (LAS) with a test version of Orion attached, launches on NASA’s Ascent Abort-2 (AA-2) atop a Northrop Grumman provided booster on July 2, 2019, at 7 a.m. EDT, from Launch Pad 46 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. During AA-2, the booster will send the LAS and Orion to an altitude of 31,000 feet, traveling at Mach 1.15 (more than 1,000 mph). The LAS’ three motors will work together to pull the crew module away from the booster and prepare it for splashdown in the Atlantic Ocean. The flight test will prove that the abort system can pull crew to safety in the unlikely event of an emergency during ascent.
Cal Joan Antoni, La Mosquera-El Tremat, Encamp city, Vall d'Orient, Andorra
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These chairs weren't part of an exhibit; they were scattered all over the courtyard and are actual seating. Every chair has a designer behind it, though. Even when everyone's too distracted by the gigantic steel Serra sculpture in front of them to notice.
Since they're just, y'know, seating, these weren't labelled or any such thing, but I believe that they are Bertoia side chairs, by Harry Bertoia, designed in 1952. The chairs are made of welded steel rods and have a powder-coat finish.
If they are not Bertoias, they are very good imitations of them. However, since this is MoMA, I'm inclined to believe that they're the real deal.
www.recyclart.org/2016/03/recycling-unused-garage-items-h...
On one hand, you want to decorate your home, but on the other hand, your garage and storage areas are so jam-packed that you can hardly imagine filling your house with more.
Thankfully, there is a simple solution: upcycling. Using scrap materials, broken-down objects, or outdated furnishings, you can create outstanding decorations you’ll want to display. Plus, sifting through your garage for fodder is a great way to start cleaning and organizing for spring and summer. Here are some of our favorite projects that make functional furniture from the stuff in your garage:
Odds and Ends
With enough creativity (and enough sandpaper and paint) everything in your garage could have a new life as gorgeous home decor. From that rickety wooden ladder ― which could make an excellent towel rack ― to your family’s run-down boat ― which could contribute pieces to large items of furniture, like beds and bookshelves, while you donate what is left to a good cause ― your unused garage items have more potential than you probably give them credit. Here are some small ways to reuse scrap in functional home furniture:
Unused bike parts
Suspend the wheels above your kitchen for pot racks
Bolt, the handles to the wall of your garage, to create a storage space for new bikes
Wind tires and inner tubes into a funky door wreath
Wooden picture frames
Fill it with chicken wire and use clothes pins to make a bulletin board or photo collage board
Screw in small C-hooks to create a key-hanger
Build a simple wooden box behind it to make a shadow box or bookshelf
Ceramic dishware
Break it up and mold it into garden stepping stones
Plant small flowers and herbs for a decorative indoor garden
Fill with scented, colored wax and wick for homemade candles
The Magic of Pallets
Nearly everything ― literally, everything ― shipped around the United States is accompanied by a strong, sturdy wooden pallet, which means if you have retiled your floor, bought bulk produce, or procured any other material in a large quantity; you likely have a pallet or two cluttering your garage. Fortunately, the look of weathered wood is exceedingly trendy, and it doesn’t take much effort to make a chic piece of furniture from a bulky pallet.
Our site is already packed to bursting with DIYs to help you transform your pallet into nearly any type of furniture, from bar tops to entertainment centers. You can also visit 1001Pallets which is the best resources on the web for recycled pallet projects! Because pallets are made to last, constructing outdoor furniture, like deck chairs, picnic tables, and garden shelves, is a smart use of your materials.
Refreshing Old Furniture
Perhaps you don’t need help converting the items in your garage into furniture ― because it is furniture already. There are plenty of reasons you might choose to hold onto unused couches and tables, such as sentimentality, but allowing them to take up valuable storage space is unnecessary and wasteful. Instead, you should strive to rejuvenate the old pieces and give them places in your home.
Usually, refreshing old furniture is as easy as a new coat of paint and some updated fittings. However, if your old items are antique or you would prefer to restore them to a former finish (sans water rings and scratches accumulated over the years) you may need to put in some extra elbow grease:
First, identify the wood finish. This can be extremely difficult, and it is of particular importance to get right, so if you have little experience with shellac, lacquer, or varnish, you would do better taking your furniture to a professional at a home improvement store.
Next, clean the furniture. Wood surfaces should receive generous applications of orange or lemon oil to remove dirt and wax. For water stains, wash gently with a warm, damp cloth and dish detergent, or apply a thin layer of mayonnaise.
Revitalize the wood. Dry, cracked furniture can be brought back to life by draping it with cheesecloth soaked in oil and vinegar. Then, you can erase superficial gashes by rubbing them with walnut meat.
Finally, refinish the furniture. Once the wood looks healthy, apply the appropriate finish to areas where the prior coat is thin or worn out. Then, your old furniture will look good as new.
As the TIE-Striker is the only ship from the TIE-series with articulated solar panels so far, it was very important to me, to include that function into my MOC.
The access to change the wings position from upward to horizontal position is hidden underneath the pilot cockpit hatch.
By rotating a technic axle, the wings go up and down and will stay in any position you stop the movement.
Off course the wing still can move in its set positino when turning the TIE-Striker around. That function works best when the TIE-Striker rests on its stand, as the wings are quit heavy for the little mechanism to get moved (but it´s still possible without the stand).
All of the technic is hidden inside the tiny space between the pilot and bombardier cockpit.
The technic beam to lift the wings up and down is located right under the wings to maintain the cylindrical design of the cockpit pod.
It was a real hard chanllange to get the wings move to in the right angles and more than that to include all of the technic nearly invisible inside the pod.
I hope you like it!
canon ae-1 program +
canon fd 50mm f1.8 s.c. +
fujifilm superia 200 (expired - 1 year)
no post processing or cropping, just as scanned.
taken at program(auto) mode.
makinenin fonksiyonlarını test etmek amacıyla hızlıca çektiğim fotoğraflardan biri.
herhangi bir oynama veya kırpma yok, tarayıcıdan ne çıktıysa o.
program(otomatik) modunda çekildi.
Front View - Wings Closed
Predator mode: OFF
...so I though instead of thinking of it as wings, let treat it as something functional. ...maybe some shields!
I love to hide SW references in my MOCs. This of course is a tiny reference to Vader's advanced Tie Fighter.
264 metre gauge steam locomotives of the YL class were built between 1952 and 1956. The first ten engines - including this 5001 - were built by Robert Stephenson & Hawthorns in the United Kingdom. The further 254 were built by Hitachi, Henschel and Mavag.
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LOCOMOTIVES OF INDIA
The locomotives of India presently consist of electric and diesel locomotives. Steam locomotives are no longer used in India, except in heritage trains. A locomotive is also called loco or engine.
The Bengal Sappers of the Indian Army were the first to run a steam locomotive in India. The steam locomotive named ‘Thomason’ ran with two wagons for carrying earth from Roorkee to Piran Kaliyar in 1851, two years before the first passenger train ran from Bombay to Thane in 1853.
CLASSIFICATION OF LOCOMOTIVES
In India, locomotives are classified according to their track gauge, motive power, the work they are suited for and their power or model number. The class name includes this information about the locomotive. It comprises 4 or 5 letters. The first letter denotes the track gauge. The second letter denotes their motive power (Diesel or Electric) and the third letter denotes the kind of traffic for which they are suited (goods, passenger, mixed or shunting). The fourth letter used to denote locomotives' chronological model number. However, from 2002 a new classification scheme has been adopted. Under this system, for newer diesel locomotives, the fourth letter will denote their horsepower range. Electric locomotives don't come under this scheme and even all diesel locos are not covered. For them this letter denotes their model number as usual.
A locomotive may sometimes have a fifth letter in its name which generally denotes a technical variant or subclass or subtype. This fifth letter indicates some smaller variation in the basic model or series, perhaps different motors, or a different manufacturer. With the new scheme for classifying diesel locomotives (as mentioned above) the fifth item is a letter that further refines the horsepower indication in 100 hp increments: 'A' for 100 hp, 'B' for 200 hp, 'C' for 300 hp, etc. So in this scheme, a WDP-3A refers to a 3100 hp loco, while a WDM-3F would be a 3600 hp loco.
Note: This classification system does not apply to steam locomotives in India as they have become non-functional now. They retained their original class names such as M class or WP class.
THE CLASSIFICATION SYNTAXES
THE FIRST LETTER (GAUGE)
- W – Indian broad gauge (the "W" Stands for Wide Gauge - 5 ft 6 in)
- Y – metre gauge (the "Y" stands for Yard Gauge - 3 ft or 1000mm)
- Z – narrow gauge(2 ft 6 in)
- N – narrow gauge (toy gauge) (2 ft)
THE SECOND LETTER (MOTIVE POWER)
- D – diesel
- C – DC electric (can run under DC overhead line only)
- A – AC electric (can run under AC overhead line only)
- CA – both DC and AC (can run under both AC and DC overhead line); 'CA' is considered a single letter
- B – Battery electric locomotive (rare)
THE THIRD LETTER (JOB TYPE)
- G – goods
- P – passenger
- M – mixed; both goods and passenger
- S – shunting (also known as switching engines or switchers in the USA and some other countries)
- U – multiple units (EMU/DMU)
- R – Railcars
For example, in "WDM 3A":
- "W" means broad gauge
- "D" means diesel motive power
- "M" means suitable for both goods and passenger service
- "3A" means the locomotive's power is 3,100 hp ('3' stands for 3000 hp, 'A' denotes 100 hp more)
Or, in "WAP 5":
"W" means broad gauge
"A" mean AC electric traction motive power
"P" means suitable for Passenger service
"5" denotes that this locomotive is chronologically the fifth electric locomotive model used by the railways for passenger service.
BROAD GAUGE (5 ft 6 in) LOCOMOTIVES USED IN INDIA
STEAM TRACTION
COMPANY DESIGNS
In the nineteenth century, the various railway concessions ordered locomotives to their own specification, usually from British manufacturers. This multiplicity of similar, but different designs, increased manufacturers' costs and slowed production. During the 1890s, British manufacturers had full order books, so Indian railway companies looked to Germany and the United States for locomotives.
BENGAL NAGPUR RAILWAY
- Class F – 0-6-0
- Class GM – 2-6-0. Probably modified.
- BNR class HSG – 2-8-0+0-8-2 Garratt homed at Bengal Nagpur Railway (BNR) now Eastern Railway and South-Eastern Railway. First successful Garratts in India.
- Class M – 4-6-2. Probably modified.
- BNR class N – 4-8-0+0-8-4 Garratt. Largest locomotive to run in India. Highest capacity to hold water as compared to any Garratt in the world. One is preserved at National Rail Museum, Delhi.
- BNR class NM – 4-8-0+0-8-4 Garratt. Similar to N class. Ten built in 1931 by Beyer Peacock. Withdrawn in the late 1960s.
- BNR class P – 4-8-2+2-8-4 Garratt. Four built by Beyer Peacock in 1939. In the early 1970s, they were at Bhilai (BIA) shed before being withdrawn.
BOMBAY, BARODA AND CENTRAL INDIAN RAILWAY
- BB&CI class P – 4-6-2;
- Class A - 2-4-0T. Probably an Atlantic. Belonged to Palej shed.
- Class U36 – 0-4-2 used for hauling suburban trains at Mumbai.
- Class D1 – 4-4-0. One of them named Princess May.
- Class M – 4-6-2. Probably modified.
EASTERN BENGAL RAILWAY
EAST INDIAN RAILWAY COMPANY
- Class CT – 0-6-4T. Probably converted to Super-heater.
- EIR class G – 2-2-2T. First two named Express and Fairy Queen Built in 1856, the latter is the world's oldest locomotive to be in working order. Later rebuilt by Perambur Loco Works. Housed at E.I.R.
- EIR class P – 4-6-0;
GREAT INDIAN PENINSULA RAILWAY
- GIPR classes Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 – 0-8-4T. Used on Thull ghat as bankers (for pushing trains up the ghat).
- GIPR Class F – 2-6-0.
- GIPR Class F3 – 2-6-0.
- GIPR class J1 – 0-6-0
- Class D4 – 4-6-0. One named Hero.
- Class D5 – 4-6-0 Passenger locomotive.
- Class E1 – 4-4-2 Atlantic built by North British Locomotive Co. Ltd between 1907-8. Rebuilt with super-heater between 1925-28.
- Class T – Tank locomotive was used for hauling Mumbai suburban trains on G.I.P.R.
- Class Y – 2-8-4T
- Crane Tank – 0-6-0T. One is preserved at National Rail Museum, New Delhi.
MADRAS AND SOUTHERN MAHRATTA RAILWAY
- M&SM class V – 4-4-0. One is preserved.
- Class BTC – 2-6-4T. Based on BESA specifications.
- Class T – 0-4-2 at Madras.
NIZAM´S GUARANTEED STATE RAILWAY
- NSR class A - 2-6-0T owned by Nizam State Railway (NSR). One (No. 48) preserved at National Rail Museum,Delhi. Probably an Atlantic.
NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY (BRITISH INDIA)
- Class EM – 4-4-2 probably modified. One preserved at National Rail Museum,Delhi.
- NWR class GAS – 2-6-2+2-6-2 Garratt owned by North
Western Railway (NWR) now most of which is in Pakistan. Only one built in 1925. Retired in 1937.
- NWR class P – 2-4-0;
- Class E1 – 4-4-2.
- Class N1 – 4-8-0
OUDH AND ROHILKHAND RAILWAY
- Class B26 – 0-6-0. One preserved at National Rail Museum,Delhi.
SOUTH INDIAN RAILWAY
OTHERS
- Class B – 2-6-0.
- Class E – 2-4-0.
- Class F – 2-8-2 built between 1926-1950 by Nasmyth Wilson for service on Central Railway (CR).
- Class G – 2-6-0 probably meant for freight.
- Class NA2 –
- Class PTC – 2-6-4T owned by Delhi at Northern Railway (N.R.). Probably Converted Passenger locomotives.
- Class Y2 – 2-8-2T. These are reclassified L2.
- Phoenix – 0-4-0T. One is preserved at National Rail Museum, Delhi
- Ramgotty – 2-2-0T. One is preserved at National Rail Museum, Delhi. Converted to Broad Gauge. Oldest locomotive at National Rail Museum, Delhi.
- Sultan, Sahib and Sindh – These are the ones which hauled the legendary train from VT to Thana in 1853.
BRITISH ENGINEERING STANDARDS ASSOCIATION (BESA) DESIGNS
After acrimonious words in The Times and Parliament, the British Engineering Standards Committee (later British Engineering Standards Association or BESA) began to design a series of locomotives for use by all railways in India. The first two designs emerged in 1903: a 4-4-0 passenger, and 0-6-0 goods. The designs were revised in 1905 and 1906 with additional types added due to requests for heavier and more powerful locomotives:
- Class SP – Standard Passenger – 4-4-0;
- Class SG – Standard Goods – 0-6-0;
- Class PT – Passenger Tank – 2-6-4T;
- Class HP – Heavy Passenger – 4-6-0;
- Class AP – Atlantic Passenger – 4-4-2;
- Class HG – Heavy Goods – 2-8-0;
- Class HT – Heavy Tank – 2-8-2T.
These BESA designs however were advisory, not mandatory, and were customized by the railway companies to their own taste. The railway companies could not even agree to use the same classification system: only the state operated railways used the class designations SP, SG, PT, HP, AP, HG and HT. Once superheating became accepted, superheated versions were classified SPS, SGS, etc. if built with superheaters, and SPC, SGC, etc. if converted from saturated to superheated.
INDIAN RAILWAYS STANDARD (IRS) DESIGNS
After World War I, new, larger, more powerful locomotives were designed by the British consulting engineers to the Indian Government. These started to appear from 1927 onwards:
- Class XA – branch passenger 4-6-2 design, 12.5-ton axleload;
- Class XB – light passenger 4-6-2 design, 17-ton axleload;
- Class XC – heavy passenger 4-6-2 design, 19.5-ton axleload;
- Class XD – light goods 2-8-2 design, 17-ton axleload;
- Class XE – heavy goods 2-8-2 design, 22.5-ton axleload;
- Class XF – light shunting 0-8-0 design, 18-ton axleload;
- Class XG – heavy shunting 0-8-0 design, 23-ton axleload;
- Class XH – 4-cylinder 2-8-2, 28-ton axleload (none built);
- Class XP – experimental passenger 4-6-2, 18.5-ton axleload;
- Class XS – experimental 4-cylinder 4-6-2, 21.5-ton axleload;
- Class XT – light tank 0-4-2T, 15-ton axleload.
WORLD WAR II DESIGNS
During World War II, large numbers of 2-8-2 locomotives were acquired from the United States and Canada, and were designated as classes AWD and CWD respectively. The Baldwin Locomotive Works adapted the USATC S160 Class locomotive design India which became class AWC. 60 broad gauge locomotives were built in 1944 as part of an order of 180 locomotives to the S160 design. In addition to modified frame spreaders, axles, cylinders, and cab, the Indian locomotives had a turbo-generator and electric lighting fitted, which was not included in the standard design for use in Europe. Many parts, including boilers, were identical to those used for the standard gauge locomotives.
INDIAN GOVERNMENT RAILWAYS (IGR) STANDARD DESIGNS
Shortly before World War II, new classes were designed; but it would post-war before many of them came into service. These new designs were signalled by the change of broad gauge prefix from 'X' to 'W'. In addition, plans were put into place to start manufacturing locomotives in India. The new classes were:
- Class WP – passenger 4-6-2, 18.5-ton axleload;
- Class WG – goods 2-8-2, 18.5-ton axleload;
- Class WL (1st) – light 4-6-2, 16-ton axleload (four for North Western Railway in 1939; all to Pakistan at Partition);
- Class WL (2nd) – light 4-6-2, 16.75-ton axleload;
- Class WM – 2-6-4T, 16.25-ton axleload;
- Class WT – 2-8-4T, 18-ton axleload;
- Class WU – 2-4-2T, 16.5-ton axleload;
- Class WV – 2-6-2T, 16.25-ton axleload;
- Class WW – 0-6-2T, 16.5-ton axleload.
All broad gauge steam locomotives in India have been withdrawn from normal service, with only occasional steam specials continuing to operate.
DIESEL TRACTION
CLASSIFICATION CODES
- WDM – Wide Diesel Mixed
- WDP – Wide Diesel Passenger
- WDG – Wide Diesel Goods
- WDS – Wide Diesel Shunter
- WCDS – Wide Converted Diesel Shunter
MIXED TYPE LOCOMOTIVES
- WDM 1 (First mainline diesel electric locomotives used in India. Introduced in 1957. Imported from ALCO. Out of service now. 1950 hp)
- WDM 2 (Most widely used and first homemade mainline diesel-electric locomotives in India. Original prototypes were made by ALCO. Introduced in 1962. More than 2700 have been made. Rated at 2600 hp)
- WDM 2A,WDM 2B (Technical variants of WDM 2. WDM2A stands are dual braked and WDM2B are air braked usually)
- WDM 2G It is the first Multi-Gen-set locomotive of Indian Railway manufactured by DLMW, Patiala in 2013. As of February 2014 only one loco has entered service and has been numbered as #80000. It has been cleared for a max. speed of 105 km/h.
- WDM 3 (Only 8 were imported. They used hydraulic transmission and are currently non-functional. 2500 hp. 120 km/h. Built in 1970 by Henschel & Son)
WDM 3A (Formerly WDM 2C. Another WDM 2 variant. It is not related to WDM 3. Max speed 120 km/h. 30450kgf of tractive effort. Built since 1994) One of the most heavily used diesel locomotives in India at present.
- WDM 3A R (Formerly WDM 2. It is a rebuilt with DBR fitted on Short Hood. It is not related to WDM 3. They are rebuilt at DLMW, Patiala)
- WDM 3B (Co-Co bogies. Rated at 120 km/h. Homed at Uttar Pradesh sheds. 23 built by DLW. Similar to WDM3D. 3100 hp)
- WDM 3C, WDM 3D (higher powered versions of WDM 3A. 3300 hp. WDM3C is rebuilt from WDM2. WDM3C max speed 120 km/h. WDM3D max speed 160 km/h)
- WDM 3E (Reclassified as WDM 3D. Restricted to freight at 105 km/h. 8 units known. Manufactured by DLW. 3500 hp)
- WDM 3F Manufactured by Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW). 3600 hp. HAHS bogies. Conventional DBR. Air brake only.
- WDM 4 (Entered service along with WDM 2. Prototypes designed by General Motors. Though considered superior to WDM 2 in many ways, these locomotives weren't chosen as General Motors did not agree to a technology transfer agreement. 2600 hp)
- WDM 6 (Very rare class; only two were made; Exported to Sri Lanka. Rated at 1350 hp. Max speed 75 km/h. 19200kgf tractive effort. Fabricated Bo-Bo bogies)
- WDM 7 (Fifteen of these locos were built from June 1987 through 1989, they were designed for branch-line duties, but they are now used mostly for shunting. Rated at 2000 hp)
Note: No locomotive class was designated as WDM 5 in India.
PASSENGER LOCOMOTIVES
- WDP 1 (Bo-Bo bogies. 80 tons weight. Rated speed of 140 kmph. 12 cylinder engine. 2300 hp. Built by DLW in 1970. Homed at Vijayawada and Tughlakabad sheds only.)
- WDP 2 (New class name WDP 3A. Dedicated passenger diesel locomotive. Entered service in 1998. Max speed 140kmph. Built by DLW. 29.25 tons of tractive effort. 3100 hp)
- WDP 3 (These locomotives are actually prototypes of the class WDP 1 and never entered serial production. Designed in 1996 by DLW. 2300 hp. Co-Co bogies.)
- WDP 4 (EMD (former GM-EMD) GT46PAC, fundamentally a passenger version of the WDG 4 (GT46MAC). 4000 hp)
- WDP 4B (EMD (former GM-EMD) GT46PAC, An improved version of the WDP 4, this is a more powerful version and has 6 traction motors, just like the WDG 4. Also comes with wider cabin to aid visibility and minor exterior design changes.As of now,serial production of the single cab locomotives has been stopped. 4500 hp)
- WDP 4D (EMD (former GM-EMD) GT46PAC, This is basically a - WDP 4B with twin cabs. Minor changes were made to the locomotive to facilitate the addition of a second cabin. This locomotive comes with LCD instrument display and toilet for the drivers. Has entered serial production and regular service. 4500 hp.
GOODS LOCOMOTIVES
- WDG 2 (New class name WDG 3A. These class is actually a technically upgraded form of WDM 2. Max speed 100 km/h. Built by DLW)
- WDG 3B, WDG 3C, WDG 3D (Technical upgraded forms of WDG 2 or WDG 3A. WDG 3B and WDG 3C are rebuilt to WDG 3A. WDG 3C is rated at 3330 hp.)
- WDG 4 (Dedicated goods locomotives. These are General motors' GT46MAC models. First units were imported in 1999. They are numbered from #12000 upward till #12999 and #70000 upwards. Local production started in 2002. 4000-4500 hp)
- WDG 4D (Technical variant of WDG4 with dual cabs. IGBT. Max speed 105 km/h restricted to 100 km/h. Air conditioned cabs. First dual cab freight dedicated diesel engine in India)
- WDG 5 (Another Freight dedicated Locomotive developed by Diesel Locomotive Works and Supported by Electro Motive Diesels. First unit was rolled out from DLW on 25 February 2012. They are numbered from #50001 upward (Two produced as of 29 April 2015). Rated at 5500 hp. Equipped with Fire Control System, TFT Display and Driver's Toilet. The locomotive/series is named 'BHEEM', after the strong Pandav brother from epic of Mahabharat. The locomotive has completed its trials and has entered serial production. These locomotives are assigned to the Sabarmati Diesel Loco Shed.
SHUNTING LOCOMOTIVES (also known as switching engines)
- WDS 1 (First widely deployed and successful diesel locomotives used in India. Imported in 1944-45. currently out of service. 386 hp)
- WDS 2 (o-C-o bogies. 8 cylinder engine. Homed at Central Railway. Max speed 54 kmph. Built by Kraus Maffei in 1954-55. 440 hp. 15420kgf of tractive effort)
- WDS 3 (All locomotives of this class were rebuilt and reclassified as WDS 4C in 1976-78. 618 hp. 17100kgf of tractive effort. Built in 1961)
- WDS 4,WDS 4A,WDS 4B,WDS 4D (Designed by Chittaranjan Locomotive Works. 600-700 hp. C bogies. Built between 1968-97.)
- WDS 4C (Rebuilt by CLW, WDS 3 locos as mentioned above. 700 hp. 18000kgf tractive effort. C bogies. Out of service. Max speed 65kmph.)
- WDS 5 (Some of these locomotives are used for industrial shunting. A few are used on Indian Railways. Rated at 1065 hp)
- WDS 6 (Heavy-haul shunters made in large numbers for industrial concerns as well as for Indian Railways Rated at 1200/1350 hp)
- WDS 6R, WDS 6SL and WDS 6AD (Technical variants of WDS 6. WDS6SL is exported to Sri Lanka. WDS6AD has a max speed of 50 kmph and a 6-cylinder engine.)
- WDS 8 (Only five of these were made by CLW, and all were transferred to steel works 800 hp. Max speed 35kmph. 22000kgf tractive effort)
There were also a few hydraulic diesel shunters in use at Integral Coach Factory, Diesel Locomotive Works and Chittaranjan Locomotive Works. These were rated at 250 hp.
Note: There is no electric shunting engine in India. Classes from WDS 1 to WDS 4D have hydraulic transmission. The WDS 4, 4B, 4C and 4D are the only still existing broad gauge locomotives with diesel-hydraulic transmission.
CONVERTED LOCOMOTIVES
WCDS6 is a converted YDM4 locomotive into a broad gauge locomotive. This rebuilding was carried out by the Golden Rock shed. It was built for large industrial concerns. The first one was delivered to RITES. Rest being same, new water and air lines are added. They also have a modified control stand and dual brake system. Also, they have Broad Gauge bogies and under-frames.
DIESEL MUTIPLE UNITS
A few routes in India currently have Diesel multiple unit service. Depending on the transmission system they are classified as DEMU (diesel-electric transmission) or DHMU (diesel-hydraulic transmission). There are diesel railcar service in a few places known as 'railbus'.
DC ELECTRIC TRACTION
Note: These locomotives are no longer used, or were used only in sections around and in Mumbai which is the only location in India still or was using DC traction. The power operated is 1500V DC.
MIXED TYPE LOCOMOTIVES
- WCM 1 (First electric locomotives with the now familiar Co-Co wheel arrangement to be used in India. Seven built by English Electric at Vulcan Foundry in 1954–55. 3700 hp)
- WCM 2 (Out of service. Co-Co bogies. 120 kmph speed. 12 Built by Vulcan Foundry between 1956-57. Modified by RDSO. 3120 hp)
- WCM 3 (3600 hp. Co-Co – Used in Kolkata, then transferred to Mumbai; three built by Hitachi in 1958. Out of service. Max speed 120kmph)
- WCM 4 (4000 hp. Co-Co – seven built by Hitachi in 1960. Out of service. Rated at 120 kmph. Meant for freight. 31300kgf tractive effort)
- WCM 5 (Built by Chittaranjan locomotive works to RDSO's design specifications. Auxiliaries by Westinghouse and North Boyce. Built in 1962, these are India's first indigenously designed DC electric locomotives. The first was named Lokamanya after the freedom fighter Bal Gangadhar Tilak. 3700 hp Co-Co.)
- WCM 6 (5000 hp, only two were built in 1995 by CLW. Now converted to run on AC power. 105kmph initially now restricted to 65kmph )
PASSENGER LOCOMOTIVES
- WCP 1, WCP 2 (GIPR EA/1 and EA/2. Historically very important locomotives as these are the very first electric loco to be used in India. The first locomotive was named as Sir Roger Lumley and is currently preserved in the National Rail Museum, New Delhi. Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works (SLM) built one in 1928 and 21 in 1930 (WCP1), and one in 1938 (WCP2). 1′Co2′ wheel arrangement; 2160 hp)
- WCP 3, WCP 4 (GIPR EB/1 and EC/1, these are also among the earliest electric locos used in India. One of each class built by Hawthorn Leslie and Company in 1928; 2′Co2′ wheel arrangement.)
GOODS LOCOMOTIVES
- WCG 1 (GIPR EF/1. These are Swiss crocodile locomotives imported in 1928 from Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works (ten) and Vulcan Foundry (30). These are among the earliest electric locos used in India. The first locomotive was named as Sir Leslie Wilson and is currently preserved in the National Rail Museum, New Delhi. 2600–2950 hp)
- WCG 2 (Designed by Chittaranjan locomotive works in 1970. 57 built until 1977. 4200 hp. Max speed 90kmph. 35600kgf tractive effort. Were used extensively around the year 2000 when Mumbai was out of traction power. Out of service.
ELECTRIC MULTIPLE UNITS
WCU 1 to WCU 15 (Used in Mumbai region only)
AC ELECTRIC TRACTION
The 25 kV AC system with overhead lines is used throughout the rest of the country.
MIXED TYPE LOCOMOTIVES
- WAM 1 (Among the first AC electric locomotives used in India. Introduced in 1959. Now out of service. 3010 hp. Max speed 112kmph)
- WAM 2 (Out of service. Bo-Bo Bogies. Max speed 112 kmph. Built by Mitsubishi between 1960-64. 2910 hp. 25240kgf tractive effort)
- WAM 3 (Out of service. Bo-Bo bogies. Same as WAM 2 except for reverse pantographs. Built in 1964 by Mitsubishi)
- WAM 4 (Indigenously designed by Chittaranjan Locomotive Works in 1970. Highly powerful class. One of the most successful locomotives in India. 3850 hp)
- WAM 4B, WAM 4P, WAM 4PD, WAM 4PR, WAM 4PDBHS, WAM 46PD, WAM 4PDB3P, WAM 42S3P, WAM 46PDBHS, WAM 46PE, WAM 4G, WAM 4H and WAM 4E (Technical variants of WAM4)
PASSENGER LOCOMOTIVES
- WAP 1 (Designed by Chittaranjan locomotive works in 1980 for the Kolkata-Delhi Rajdhani Express. A very successful class. 3900 hp. Max speed 130 kmph).
- WAP 2 (Decommissioned in the late 1980s. Similar to WAM2 & 3. 4 built. Also had Flexicoil Mark-ll bogies. 2910 hp. Only 4 units built)
- WAP 3 (Rebuilt to WAP-1. Similar to WAP-1. Approximated speed of 160 kmph restricted to 145 kmph. 5 Built since 1987.)
- WAP 4 (Upgraded from WAP 1 for higher loads by Chittaranjan locomotive works in 1994. One of the most successful locomotives in India. Very powerful class. 5000 hp. Tested for Max speed 160 kmph. Restricted to 140 kmph)
- WAP 5 (Imported in 1995 from Switzerland and used on premier express trains. 5450 hp. Max speed tested for 184 kmph. Restricted to 160 kmph)
- WAP 6 (Most of them rebuilt to WAP-4. Max speed 170 kmph. 16 built by Chittaranjan Locomotive Works in 1997. 5000 hp.)
- WAP 7 (Same design as WAG 9 with modified gear ratio. Highly powerful class. 6000 hp. Tested for 155 kmph. Restricted to 140 kmph. Built by CLW since 2000)
GOODS LOCOMOTIVES
- WAG 1 (Out of service after 2002. B-B bogies. Max speed 80 km/h. Built by several builders between 1963-66. 2930 hp. First freight dedicated locomotive under AC traction)
- WAG 1S (Technical variants of WAG 1)
- WAG 2 ( Out of service. B-B bogies. Max speed 80 km/h. WAP 2 are technical variants of WAG 2. Built by several builders between 1964-65. 3450 hp)
- WAG 3 (Out of service. Monomotor bogies. Max speed 80 km/h. 10 Built in 1965. 3590 hp. 30000 kgf tractive effort. Above 6000 tons hauling capacity up to 70 km/h on level track)
- WAG 3A (Technical variant of WAG 3)
- WAG 4 (Out of service. B-B bogies. Max speed 80 km/h. Technical variants are WAG 4A,D. Built by Chittaranjan Locomotive Works between 1966-71. 3590 hp)
- WAG 5 (The most successful electric locomotives in India. Designed by Chittaranjan locomotive works in 1984. More than 1100 were made. 3850 hp)
(WAG 5A, WAG 5B, WAG 5D, WAG 5E, WAG 5H, WAG 5HA, WAG 5HB, WAG 5HD, WAG 5HE, WAG 5PE, WAG 5RH - Technical variants of WAG 5)
- WAG 6A (Imported from Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget (ASEA). 6110 hp. Max speed 100 km/h. Bo-Bo-Bo Bogies. The most powerful non-3 phase AC electric locomotives in India)
- WAG 6B, WAG 6C (Variants of WAG 3A. Built by Hitachi in 1988. Regenerative brakes. 44950 kgf tractive effort. Upgradeable to 160 km/h)
- WAG 7 (Very successful class. Built by CLW and BHEL. 5350 hp. 41000kgf. Max speed 100kmph. 123tons in weight)
- WAG 7H (Technical variant of WAG7 with 132tons of weight and 45000kgf of tractive effort. Two units built)
- WAG 8 (Out of service. Similar in looks to WCAM 2 and technically to WCAM 3. Built by BHEL in 1998. Experimental class)
- WAG 9 (Currently the most powerful class in India, rated at 6350 hp. Same design as WAP 7 with modified gear ratio. Designed by Adtranz, Switzerland.)
(WAG 9H, WAG9i and WAG9Hi - Technical variants of WAG9. WAG9H is the heavier version. WAG9i is the one fitted with IGBT traction converters. WAG9Hi is probably a combination of WAG9H and WAG9i)
ELECTRIC MULTIPLE UNITS
- WAU 1 to WAU 4
DUAL (both AC and DC) traction
Main article: Indian Railways WCAM class
Note: These locomotives are used only in sections around Mumbai. They can run under AC traction too. The main purpose behind the manufacture of these type of locomotives was to provide transportation in and out Mumbai area without changing the engine.
-MIXED TYPE LOCOMOTIVES
WCAM 1 (Designed by Chittaranjan Locomotive works, total 53 were built and supplied between 1975-79. All owned by Western Railway) Only locomotive currently used having reverse pantographs. Now decommissioned.
- WCAM 2/2P (Designed by Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, total 20 were built and supplied between 1995-96. Tested 135kmph under AC)
- WCAM 3 (50 Designed by Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited. 4600 hp under DC traction and 5000 hp under AC traction. All owned by Central Railway. Most widely used loco in the Mumbai Pune section).
GOODS LOCOMOTIVES
- WCAG 1 (12 Designed by Bharat heavy electricals limited between 1999-2000. Similar to the WCAM 3 in outer structure. 4600 hp under DC traction and 5000 hp under AC traction.
Note: There is no dedicated dual current passenger locomotive in India, but in Mumbai area, there are some EMUs which can run under dual traction.
BATTERY TRACTION
In 1927, English Electric and WBC built 2 shunters for use in yards at Bombay(now Mumbai). They had Bo-Bo bogies. Rated at 240 hp. They weighed 58 tons.
METRE GAUGE (3 ft 3⅜ in) LOCOMOTIVES USED IN INDIA
STEAM TRACTION
COMPANY TYPES
Nilgiri Mountain Railway X class
BESA DESIGNS
Passenger 4-6-0
Mixed-traffic 4-6-0
Goods 4-8-0
Tank 2-6-2T
WARTIME DESIGNS
Class MAWD – 2-8-2 USATC S118 Class
Class MWGX – 4-6-2+2-6-4 Garratt
INDIAN RAILWAY STADARDS DESIGNS
- Class YA – 4-6-2 with 9-ton axleload (none built);
- Class YB – 4-6-2 with 10-ton axleload
- Class YC – 4-6-2 with 12-ton axleload
- Class YD – 2-8-2 with 10-ton axleload
- Class YE – 2-8-2 with 12-ton axleload (none built)
- Class YF – 0-6-2; later examples were 2-6-2
- Class YK – 2-6-0 version of the 2-6-2 YF
- Class YL – 2-6-2
- Class YT – light 0-4-2T
- Class YG – 2-8-2 goods locomotive
- Class YP – 4-6-2 passenger locomotive
DIESEL TRACTION (MIXED TYPE ONLY)
- YDM 1 - The first diesel locomotives on 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) metre gauge. Imported from Britain in 1955. They were 20 in number. Mainly found on Western Railway. Phased out by the 1990s.
- YDM 2 - Originally used on Southern Railway. Built by CLW. Only 41 in numbers. Mostly used for shunting purposes or to pull short passenger trains.
- YDM 3 - Produced by GM-EMD in 1961-62. (Model no. GA-12). Mainly found near Ahmedabad. (Sabarmati Loco Shed).
- YDM 4 - Most widely and successful diesel locomotive used in India on meter gauge. 550 units produced by DLW (Varanasi) and Alco. Found in Mhow, Sabarmati Phulera, Lumding, Coonoor, Villupuram, Izatnagar Sheds and many other sheds.
- YDM 4A - The 99 locos supplied by Montreal Locomotive Works in 1964-69.
- YDM 5 - Same specifications as of YDM-3 but an addition of 10 t (9.8 long tons; 11.0 short tons) weight to the axles. Supplied by GM-EMD in 1964.
Currently all diesel locomotives except YDM-4 and YDM-4A are supposed to be withdrawn from service.
ELECTRIC TRACTION
ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES
- YCG 1 (These locomotives are among the earliest electric locomotives in India. This class was imported to serve the Chennai area in the early 1930s.)
- YAM 1 (These locomotives were in service until 2002 around Chennai. 1740 hp). 20 were Imported from Japan
ELECTRIC MULTIPLE UNITS
- YAU class (First EMU service in India. Introduced in the 1920s in Chennai area).
NARROW GAUGE (2 ft 6 in and 2 ft) LOCOMOTIVES USED IN INDIA
STEAM TRACTION (2 ft 6 in)
COMPANY DESIGNS
- Barsi Light Railway class A – 0-8-4T
- Barsi Light Railway class B – 4-8-4T
- Barsi Light Railway class C – 0-6-0ST
- Barsi Light Railway class D – 0-4-0
- Barsi Light Railway class E – Sentinel railcars
- Barsi Light Railway class F – 2-8-2
- Barsi Light Railway class G – 4-6-4
INDIAN RAILWAY STANDARDS DESIGNS
- Class ZA – 2-6-2 with 4.5-ton axleload (none built);
- Class ZB – 2-6-2 with 6-ton axleload;
- Class ZC – 2-8-2 with 6-ton axleload (none built);
- Class ZD – 4-6-2 with 8-ton axleload (none built);
- Class ZE – 2-8-2 with 8-ton axleload;
- Class ZF – 2-6-2T with 8-ton axleload
STEAM TRACTION (2 ft)
COMPANY DESIGNS
DARJEELING HIMALAYAN RAILWAY
- DHR A Class – 0-4-0WT;
- DHR B Class – 0-4-0ST; 777 and 778 preserved
- DHR C Class – 4-6-2
- DHR D Class – 0-4-0+0-4-0 Garratt
INDIAN RAILWAY STANDARDS DESIGNS
- QA – 2-6-2 with 4.5-ton axleload (none built).
- QB – 2-6-2 with 6-ton axleload (none built);
- QC – 2-8-2 with 6-ton axleload (none built).
DIESEL TRACTION (2 ft 6 in) (mixed type only)
- ZDM 1 (Available at Gwalior Junction)
- ZDM 2
- ZDM 3 (Later rebuilt as ZDM 4C class)
- ZDM 4 (Available at Gwalior Junction)
- ZDM 4A
- ZDM 4B, 4C, 4D
- ZDM 5
DIESEL TRACTION (2 ft) (mixed type only)
- NDM-1 - for the Matheran Hill Railway
- NDM-5 - for The Maharaja Railways of India
- NDM-6 – this class is currently in operation on the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway and the Matheran Hill Railway
BATTERY TRACTION
- NBM 1 – designed by BHEL in 1987; powered by battery.
Note: All narrow gauge locomotives in India are mixed type locomotives.
Note: There is no narrow gauge electric locomotive in India.
WIKIPEDIA
There one thing extremely important on running camp, and that is functional underware. We came home now, I'm so tired. After two days of running, workout, stretching and nordic walking, I'm exhausted, but happy :) I know I promised to catch up with you today, but I'm too tired. Tomorrow, really!!
L is for Lady Launching no time for Laziness
Wallpaper: i.imgur.com/ztJCpBi.jpg
Clock/Date: Elegance - www.deviantart.com/download/244373054/rainmeter___eleganc...
Sidebars/Taskbar Items: Enigma - github.com/downloads/Kaelri/Enigma/Enigma4Patch1.rmskin
List: Mediterranean Defense - www.mediafire.com/download/jpmgml84diyg1jf/Animus-BlackRo...
Do I Need A Jacket?: DINAJ - www.deviantart.com/download/264544648/do_i_need_a_jacket_...
Hide Taskbar: MagicTaskbar - rocketdock.com/addon/misc/3425
Game Launcher: Launcher - dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/11502656/Rainmeter/gamelaunch...
When it comes to the Game Launcher, you'll need to edit to suit your games/images.
Here's some code from the skin for example - i.imgur.com/rxQ9r0p.jpg
A fully functional Launch Abort System (LAS) with a test version of Orion attached, soars upward on NASA’s Ascent Abort-2 (AA-2) flight test atop a Northrop Grumman provided booster on July 2, 2019, after launching at 7 a.m. EDT, from Launch Pad 46 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. During AA-2, the booster will send the LAS and Orion to an altitude of 31,000 feet, traveling at Mach 1.15 (more than 1,000 mph). The LAS’ three motors will work together to pull the crew module away from the booster and prepare it for splashdown in the Atlantic Ocean. The flight test will prove that the abort system can pull crew to safety in the unlikely event of an emergency during ascent. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett
The second Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II for the Netherlands rolled out of the F-35 production facility on March 2, 2013. This is the latest step in the production process leading to its eventual assignment to Eglin AFB, Fla., later this summer. The Netherlands is planning to use this conventional takeoff and landing (CTOL) jet, known as AN-2, for training and operational tests for pilots and maintainers. AN-2 will undergo functional fuel system checks before being transported to the flight line for ground and flight tests later this year.
Higashi Chaya District in Kanazawa, Japan, is a mesmerizing journey into the past. This area, renowned for its beautifully preserved Edo-period architecture, is one of the best places to experience Japan’s rich cultural heritage. The district's name, "Higashi Chaya," translates to "East Teahouse," reflecting its historical significance as a hub for geisha performances and traditional tea ceremonies.
The buildings in Higashi Chaya are characterized by their wooden lattice doors, known as "koshi," which provide both aesthetic beauty and functional design. These lattices allow light and air to flow through while maintaining privacy—a testament to the ingenious design principles of the Edo period. The structures feature dark wooden facades and tiled roofs, which have gracefully withstood the test of time. The upper floors, historically used by geishas to entertain guests, have small, discreet windows that add an air of mystery and elegance to the buildings.
Walking through the narrow, stone-paved streets of Higashi Chaya, visitors are transported back to a time when the district was buzzing with the elegant sounds of shamisen music and the delicate footsteps of geishas. The area is dotted with traditional tea houses where visitors can experience authentic Japanese tea ceremonies, adding to the immersive historical experience.
In addition to its architectural beauty, Higashi Chaya District is also home to numerous museums, shops, and cafes that celebrate Kanazawa’s artisanal crafts, such as gold leaf production and Kutani ware pottery. The preservation efforts in this district highlight Kanazawa’s dedication to maintaining its cultural and historical legacy. For history enthusiasts and architecture lovers, a visit to Higashi Chaya District is a must, offering a rare glimpse into the traditions and artistry of Edo-period Japan.
F225 universal agricultural tractor as of 1962. Includes two cylinder engine, two speed transmission, drive shafts, working steering, lifting arrangement. Can be configured as tipper, front loader with digger or fork. There was also a sowing machine and a mower for it.
This is from mid summer (I finished the car 2 days before I left for college). It gives you an idea of what can be done in 1.5 months when you're really committed to something.
Enjoying the user experience of this lens with the T/S functionality. Still getting used to it and loving the results. One thing to remind myself is not to go crazy on the T/S functionality, it can be overdone. Using this lens at 0/0 setting provides very good imagery, sharp! The 45mm focal length offers a great perspective.
View other shots taken with this lens here. Small but a growing collection.
"The Romanesque heritage of Vall de Boí is exceptional due to the existence of a large number of churches of the same architectural style concentrated in such a small area. Until well into the last century the valley remained quite isolated, which prevented the arrival of builders, artists, architects or priests willing to make changes to the original works. Thanks to this fact, these churches have been preserved over time with only minor alterations, meaning that their original conception has hardly changed.
Vall de Boí’s Romanesque ensemble is made up of the churches of Sant Climent and Santa Maria in Taüll, Sant Joan in Boí, Santa Eulàlia in Erill la Vall, Sant Feliu in Barruera, La Nativitat in Durro, Santa Maria in Cardet, L’Assumpció in Cóll, and Sant Quirc Hermitage also in Durro.
One of the main characteristics of this ensemble is the common architectural style. The temples were all built during the 11th and 12th centuries, following a model imported from northern Italy, the Lombard Romanesque, characterised by its functional buildings, skilled stonework, thin bell-towers and the external decoration of rounded arcading and pilaster strips.
The Romanesque churches of Vall de Boí are the artistic reflection of a society which was structured around the hierarchies of feudalism and clergy, in this case personified in the Lords of Erill and the bishopric of Roda de Isábena, the promoters of these temples. In this medieval society, not only did the Church serve a religious function, but it also played an important social role as a place for people to meet and seek refuge. In the case of Vall de Boí, this social function of churches was further underlined by the use of the thin bell-towers as a means of communication and protection.
An important highlight are the murals that used to be located in the churches of Sant Climent and Santa Maria in Taüll and in Sant Joan in Boí, and which are currently kept at the National Museum of Catalan Art (MNAC) in Barcelona. Also worthy of mention are the carvings produced by the Erill’s Workshop, particularly the Descent in the church of Santa Eulàlia in Erill la Vall "
The EOS M3 is a great camera for existing Canon enthusiasts and casual videographers alike. The autofocus performance continues to impress.
Knitted with the wool that doesn't felt very good so it's partly felted. It's very coarse and strong. I first hand-dyed the wool and then knitted tha bag. At the end I added the lining and crocheted 2 flowers and added them as embellishment. The closure is a button covered with red felt.
I know running shoes are not designed to be pretty, but I thing I just bought to most ugly pair available! Are your shoes even worse? Prove me, I don't believe a thing about it :)
The somewhat functional structure of Edge Hill Power box taken on 8th September 2017. The box was built in 1961 but now contains a much later 'NX' panel. The BR(M) maroon enamel sign dates from the 1960s. Edge Hill box is scheduled for closure in 2018 under the Liverpool South resignalling scheme. Several of these boxes were built in the 1960s to the same style, Weaver Jn and Manchester Victoria East to name another two. They were designed to have the top operating floor removed and be used as a remote interlocking controlled from elsewhere. To date, only Weaver Jn was re-controlled, into the LNWR box at Winsford!! Photo: Ivan Stewart (with NR permission).