View allAll Photos Tagged functional
atelier ying, nyc.
Like a score for a piece of music, you live with it and revisit it over a long period of time, decades if possible, with re-interpretations, each one adapted to reveal a different facet, or in this design, a different feeling for luxury, history.
Adolf Loos' denial of ornament is a perfect design aesthetic for the Cabinet War Rooms. His design for the Khuner Villa of 1930 is adapted for the hallway and bedroom office of Churchill. Precisely scaled built-in furniture and elegant craftsmanship with local inexpensive materials provide functional luxury for this historical structure. Staff rooms down the corridor have less detail and privacy screens to accommodate for Churchill's dressing area.
References to Churchill's habit of formal dress for festive occasions and Chartwell are highlighted without changing the historical function of this bunker.
Unravel Japanese book cover, homemade notebook paper insert
Design, concepts, text and drawing are copyright 2014 by David Lo.
A photowalk of the Cranbrook gardens estate and Cranbrook art museum - which was having their 2021 Graduate Degree Exhibition
Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
I spent a delightful Saturday with the Famous Flickr Five+ Group in the Yarra Valley, where we visited the picturesque Alowyn Gardens, which I had never heard of before, before having luncheon at the Yarrawood Winery.
The Alowyn Gardens are just outside Yarra Glen, east of Melbourne, in wine making country. The Alowyn Gardens started as weed and blackberry infested paddocks that were formerly part of a horse stud. The land was cleared in 1997 before revitalisation of the soil was conducted. Two years later in 1999 the first tree was planted. Today the Alowyn Gardens are well established, and provide an informative and educational experience for visitors. It has been designed with shade and comfort in mind. Plant names are on view to educate visitors about the gardens. The gardens have one of the largest Japanese Wisteria arbours as their centrepiece. Off it visitors may wander through seven very different styles of gardens, from the formal to the informal, European to Australian. The Native Garden is based on Australian plantings and features a dam and wetland area for animals, including a profusion of frogs and a great deal of birdlife. The Display Garden is a collection of courtyards and small gardens featuring collections of interesting plantings. The idea of the Display garden is to demonstrate what can be achieved in small spaces. The Edible Garden as the name suggests, shows that kitchen gardens can be beautiful as well as functional with rows of fruit trees, vegetable and medicinal gardens and a number of edible flowers that are both tasty and beautiful. The Birch and Casuarina Forest offers a woodland with enchanting hidden dells and contains a historical miner's hut. The Perennial Border contains herbaceous plants which are tough and hardy, survive with minimal work and are able to cope with Australia's hot summers and cold Yarra Valley winters. The Parterre Garden is based on the 15th Century French Renaissance design principles of low formal hedges formed into patterns. The French Provincial Garden is the largest of all the gardens and is surrounded by avenues of Chinese Elm, Crab Apple and Canadian Maple trees. It has large lawns, and a long water feature that runs the width of the garden.
Photo Copyright 2012, dynamo.photography.
All rights reserved, no use without license
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Hong kong)
Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory south to Mainland China and east to Macao in East Asia. With around 7.2 million Hong Kongers of various nationalities[note 2] in a territory of 1,104 km2, Hong Kong is the world's fourth most densely populated country or territory.
Hong Kong used to be a British colony with the perpetual cession of Hong Kong Island from the Qing Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and acquired a 99-year lease of the New Territories from 1898. Hong Kong was later occupied by Japan during the Second World War until British control resumed in 1945. The Sino-British Joint Declaration signed between the United Kingdom and China in 1984 paved way for the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong in 1997, when it became a special administrative region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China with a high degree of autonomy.[15]
Under the principle of "one country, two systems",[16][17] Hong Kong maintains a separate political and economic system from China. Except in military defence and foreign affairs, Hong Kong maintains its independent executive, legislative and judiciary powers.[18] In addition, Hong Kong develops relations directly with foreign states and international organisations in a broad range of "appropriate fields".[19] Hong Kong involves in international organizations, such as the WTO[20] and the APEC [21], actively and independently.
Hong Kong is one of the world's most significant financial centres, with the highest Financial Development Index score and consistently ranks as the world's most competitive and freest economic entity.[22][23] As the world's 8th largest trading entity,[24] its legal tender, the Hong Kong dollar, is the world's 13th most traded currency.[25] As the world's most visited city,[26][27] Hong Kong's tertiary sector dominated economy is characterised by competitive simple taxation and supported by its independent judiciary system.[28] Even with one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, it suffers from severe income inequality.[29]
Nicknamed "Pearl of the Orient", Hong Kong is renowned for its deep natural harbour, which boasts the world's fifth busiest port with ready access by cargo ships, and its impressive skyline, with the most skyscrapers in the world.[30][31] It has a very high Human Development Index ranking and the world's longest life expectancy.[32][33] Over 90% of the population makes use of well-developed public transportation.[34][35] Seasonal air pollution with origins from neighbouring industrial areas of Mainland China, which adopts loose emissions standards, has resulted in a high level of atmospheric particulates in winter.[36][37][38]
Contents
1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Prehistory
2.2 Imperial China
2.3 British Crown Colony: 1842–1941
2.4 Japanese occupation: 1941–45
2.5 Resumption of British rule and industrialisation: 1945–97
2.6 Handover and Special Administrative Region status
3 Governance
3.1 Structure of government
3.2 Electoral and political reforms
3.3 Legal system and judiciary
3.4 Foreign relations
3.5 Human rights
3.6 Regions and districts
3.7 Military
4 Geography and climate
5 Economy
5.1 Financial centre
5.2 International trading
5.3 Tourism and expatriation
5.4 Policy
5.5 Infrastructure
6 Demographics
6.1 Languages
6.2 Religion
6.3 Personal income
6.4 Education
6.5 Health
7 Culture
7.1 Sports
7.2 Architecture
7.3 Cityscape
7.4 Symbols
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
10.1 Citations
10.2 Sources
11 Further reading
12 External links
Etymology
Hong Kong was officially recorded in the 1842 Treaty of Nanking to encompass the entirety of the island.[39]
The source of the romanised name "Hong Kong" is not known, but it is generally believed to be an early imprecise phonetic rendering of the pronunciation in spoken Cantonese 香港 (Cantonese Yale: Hēung Góng), which means "Fragrant Harbour" or "Incense Harbour".[13][14][40] Before 1842, the name referred to a small inlet—now Aberdeen Harbour (Chinese: 香港仔; Cantonese Yale: Hēunggóng jái), literally means "Little Hong Kong"—between Aberdeen Island and the southern coast of Hong Kong Island. Aberdeen was an initial point of contact between British sailors and local fishermen.[41]
Another theory is that the name would have been taken from Hong Kong's early inhabitants, the Tankas (水上人); it is equally probable that romanisation was done with a faithful execution of their speeches, i.e. hōng, not hēung in Cantonese.[42] Detailed and accurate romanisation systems for Cantonese were available and in use at the time.[43]
Fragrance may refer to the sweet taste of the harbour's fresh water estuarine influx of the Pearl River or to the incense from factories lining the coast of northern Kowloon. The incense was stored near Aberdeen Harbour for export before Hong Kong developed Victoria Harbour.[40]
The name had often been written as the single word Hongkong until the government adopted the current form in 1926.[44] Nevertheless, a number of century-old institutions still retain the single-word form, such as the Hongkong Post, Hongkong Electric and the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation.
As of 1997, its official name is the "Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China". This is the official title as mentioned in the Hong Kong Basic Law and the Hong Kong Government's website;[45] however, "Hong Kong Special Administrative Region" and "Hong Kong" are widely accepted.
Hong Kong has carried many nicknames. The most famous among those is the "Pearl of the Orient", which reflected the impressive nightscape of the city's light decorations on the skyscrapers along both sides of the Victoria Harbour. The territory is also known as "Asia's World City".
History
Main articles: History of Hong Kong and History of China
Prehistory
Main article: Prehistoric Hong Kong
Archaeological studies support human presence in the Chek Lap Kok area (now Hong Kong International Airport) from 35,000 to 39,000 years ago and on Sai Kung Peninsula from 6,000 years ago.[46][47][48]
Wong Tei Tung and Three Fathoms Cove are the earliest sites of human habitation in Hong Kong during the Paleolithic Period. It is believed that the Three Fathom Cove was a river-valley settlement and Wong Tei Tung was a lithic manufacturing site. Excavated Neolithic artefacts suggested cultural differences from the Longshan culture of northern China and settlement by the Che people, prior to the migration of the Baiyue to Hong Kong.[49][50] Eight petroglyphs, which dated to the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600 BC – 1066 BC) in China, were discovered on the surrounding islands.[51]
Imperial China
Main article: History of Hong Kong under Imperial China
In 214 BC, Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of a centralised China, conquered the Baiyue tribes in Jiaozhi (modern-day Liangguang region and Vietnam) and incorporated the area of Hong Kong into his imperial China for the first time. Hong Kong proper was assigned to the Nanhai commandery (modern-day Nanhai District), near the commandery's capital city Panyu.[52][53][54]
After a brief period of centralisation and collapse of the Qin dynasty, the area of Hong Kong was consolidated under the Kingdom of Nanyue, founded by general Zhao Tuo in 204 BC.[55] When Nanyue lost the Han-Nanyue War in 111 BC, Hong Kong came under the Jiaozhi commandery of the Han dynasty. Archaeological evidence indicates an increase of population and flourish of salt production. The Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb on the Kowloon Peninsula is believed to have been built as a burial site during the Han dynasty.[56]
From the Han dynasty to the early Tang dynasty, Hong Kong was a part of Bao'an County. In the Tang dynasty, modern-day Guangzhou (Canton) flourished as an international trading centre. In 736, the Emperor Xuanzong of Tang established a military stronghold in Tuen Mun to strengthen defence of the coastal area.[57] The nearby Lantau Island was a salt production centre and salt smuggler riots occasionally broke out against the government. In c. 1075, The first village school, Li Ying College, was established around 1075 AD in modern-day New Territories by the Northern Song dynasty.[58] During their war against the Mongols, the imperial court of Southern Song was briefly stationed at modern-day Kowloon City (the Sung Wong Toi site) before their ultimate defeat by the Mongols at the Battle of Yamen in 1279.[59] The Mongols then established their dynastic court and governed Hong Kong for 97 years.
From the mid-Tang dynasty to the early Ming dynasty (1368–1644), Hong Kong was a part of Dongguan County. During the Ming dynasty, the area was transferred to Xin'an County. The indigenous inhabitants at that time consisted of several ethnicities such as Punti, Hakka, Tanka and Hoklo.
European discovery
The earliest European visitor on record was Jorge Álvares, a Portuguese explorer, who arrived in 1513.[60][61] Having established a trading post in a site they called "Tamão" in Hong Kong waters, Portuguese merchants commenced with regular trading in southern China. Subsequent military clashes between China and Portugal, however, led to the expulsion of all Portuguese merchants from southern China.
Since the 14th century, the Ming court had enforced the maritime prohibition laws that strictly forbade all private maritime activities in order to prevent contact with foreigners by sea.[62] When the Manchu Qing dynasty took over China, Hong Kong was directly affected by the Great Clearance decree of the Kangxi Emperor, who ordered the evacuation of coastal areas of Guangdong from 1661 to 1669. Over 16,000 inhabitants of Xin'an County including those in Hong Kong were forced to migrate inland; only 1,648 of those who had evacuated subsequently returned.[63][64]
British Crown Colony: 1842–1941
A painter at work. John Thomson. Hong Kong, 1871. The Wellcome Collection, London
Main articles: British Hong Kong and History of Hong Kong (1800s–1930s)
In 1839, threats by the imperial court of Qing to sanction opium imports caused diplomatic friction with the British Empire. Tensions escalated into the First Opium War. The Qing admitted defeat when British forces captured Hong Kong Island on 20 January 1841. The island was initially ceded under the Convention of Chuenpi as part of a ceasefire agreement between Captain Charles Elliot and Governor Qishan. A dispute between high-ranking officials of both countries, however, led to the failure of the treaty's ratification. On 29 August 1842, Hong Kong Island was formally ceded in perpetuity to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Treaty of Nanking.[65] The British officially established a Crown colony and founded the City of Victoria in the following year.[66]
The population of Hong Kong Island was 7,450 when the Union Flag raised over Possession Point on 26 January 1841. It mostly consisted of Tanka fishermen and Hakka charcoal burners, whose settlements scattered along several coastal hamlets. In the 1850s, a large number of Chinese immigrants crossed the then-free border to escape from the Taiping Rebellion. Other natural disasters, such as flooding, typhoons and famine in mainland China would play a role in establishing Hong Kong as a place for safe shelter.[67][68]
Further conflicts over the opium trade between Britain and Qing quickly escalated into the Second Opium War. Following the Anglo-French victory, the Crown Colony was expanded to include Kowloon Peninsula (south of Boundary Street) and Stonecutter's Island, both of which were ceded to the British in perpetuity under the Convention of Beijing in 1860.
In 1898, Britain obtained a 99-year lease from Qing under the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory, in which Hong Kong obtained a 99-year lease of Lantau Island, the area north of Boundary Street in Kowloon up to Shenzhen River and over 200 other outlying islands.[69][70][71]
Hong Kong soon became a major entrepôt thanks to its free port status, attracting new immigrants to settle from both China and Europe. The society, however, remained racially segregated and polarised under early British colonial policies. Despite the rise of a British-educated Chinese upper-class by the late-19th century, race laws such as the Peak Reservation Ordinance prevented ethnic Chinese in Hong Kong from acquiring houses in reserved areas such as Victoria Peak. At this time, the majority of the Chinese population in Hong Kong had no political representation in the British colonial government. The British governors did rely, however, on a small number of Chinese elites, including Sir Kai Ho and Robert Hotung, who served as ambassadors and mediators between the government and local population.
File:1937 Hong Kong VP8.webmPlay media
Hong Kong filmed in 1937
In 1904, the United Kingdom established the world's first border and immigration control; all residents of Hong Kong were given citizenship as Citizens of United Kingdom and Colonies (CUKC).
Hong Kong continued to experience modest growth during the first half of the 20th century. The University of Hong Kong was established in 1911 as the territory's first higher education institute. While there had been an exodus of 60,000 residents for fear of a German attack on the British colony during the First World War, Hong Kong remained unscathed. Its population increased from 530,000 in 1916 to 725,000 in 1925 and reached 1.6 million by 1941.[72]
In 1925, Cecil Clementi became the 17th Governor of Hong Kong. Fluent in Cantonese and without a need for translator, Clementi introduced the first ethnic Chinese, Shouson Chow, into the Executive Council as an unofficial member. Under Clementi's tenure, Kai Tak Airport entered operation as RAF Kai Tak and several aviation clubs. In 1937, the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out when the Japanese Empire expanded its territories from northeastern China into the mainland proper. To safeguard Hong Kong as a freeport, Governor Geoffry Northcote declared the Crown Colony as a neutral zone.
Japanese occupation: 1941–45
Main article: Japanese occupation of Hong Kong
The Cenotaph in Hong Kong commemorates those who died in service in the First World War and the Second World War.[73]
As part of its military campaign in Southeast Asia during Second World War, the Japanese army moved south from Guangzhou of mainland China and attacked Hong Kong in on 8 December 1941.[74] Crossing the border at Shenzhen River on 8 December, the Battle of Hong Kong lasted for 18 days when British and Canadian forces held onto Hong Kong Island. Unable to defend against intensifying Japanese air and land bombardments, they eventually surrendered control of Hong Kong on 25 December 1941. The Governor of Hong Kong was captured and taken as a prisoner of war. This day is regarded by the locals as "Black Christmas".[75]
During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, the Japanese army committed atrocities against civilians and POWs, such as the St. Stephen's College massacre. Local residents also suffered widespread food shortages, limited rationing and hyper-inflation arising from the forced exchange of currency from Hong Kong dollars to Japanese military banknotes. The initial ratio of 2:1 was gradually devalued to 4:1 and ownership of Hong Kong dollars was declared illegal and punishable by harsh torture. Due to starvation and forced deportation for slave labour to mainland China, the population of Hong Kong had dwindled from 1.6 million in 1941 to 600,000 in 1945, when the United Kingdom resumed control of the colony on 2 September 1945.[76]
Resumption of British rule and industrialisation: 1945–97
Main articles: British Hong Kong, 1950s in Hong Kong, 1960s in Hong Kong, 1970s in Hong Kong, 1980s in Hong Kong, and 1990s in Hong Kong
Flag of British Hong Kong from 1959 to 1997
Hong Kong's population recovered quickly after the war, as a wave of skilled migrants from the Republic of China moved in to seek refuge from the Chinese Civil War. When the Communist Party eventually took full control of mainland China in 1949, even more skilled migrants fled across the open border for fear of persecution.[69] Many newcomers, especially those who had been based in the major port cities of Shanghai and Guangzhou, established corporations and small- to medium-sized businesses and shifted their base operations to British Hong Kong.[69] The establishment of a socialist state in China (People's Republic of China) on 1 October 1949 caused the British colonial government to reconsider Hong Kong's open border to mainland China. In 1951, a boundary zone was demarked as a buffer zone against potential military attacks from communist China. Border posts along the north of Hong Kong began operation in 1953 to regulate the movement of people and goods into and out of the territory.
Stamp with portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, 1953
In the 1950s, Hong Kong became the first of the Four Asian Tiger economies under rapid industrialisation driven by textile exports, manufacturing industries and re-exports of goods to China. As the population grew, with labour costs remaining low, living standards began to rise steadily.[77] The construction of the Shek Kip Mei Estate in 1953 marked the beginning of the public housing estate programme to provide shelter for the less privileged and to cope with the influx of immigrants.
Under Sir Murray MacLehose, 25th Governor of Hong Kong (1971–82), a series of reforms improved the public services, environment, housing, welfare, education and infrastructure of Hong Kong. MacLehose was British Hong Kong's longest-serving governor and, by the end of his tenure, had become one of the most popular and well-known figures in the Crown Colony. MacLehose laid the foundation for Hong Kong to establish itself as a key global city in the 1980s and early 1990s.
A sky view of Hong Kong Island
An aerial view of the northern shore of Hong Kong Island in 1986
To resolve traffic congestion and to provide a more reliable means of crossing the Victoria Harbour, a rapid transit railway system (metro), the MTR, was planned from the 1970s onwards. The Island Line (Hong Kong Island), Kwun Tong Line (Kowloon Peninsula and East Kowloon) and Tsuen Wan Line (Kowloon and urban New Territories) opened in the early 1980s.[78]
In 1983, the Hong Kong dollar left its 16:1 peg with the Pound sterling and switched to the current US-HK Dollar peg. Hong Kong's competitiveness in manufacturing gradually declined due to rising labour and property costs, as well as new development in southern China under the Open Door Policy introduced in 1978 which opened up China to foreign business. Nevertheless, towards the early 1990s, Hong Kong had established itself as a global financial centre along with London and New York City, a regional hub for logistics and freight, one of the fastest-growing economies in Asia and the world's exemplar of Laissez-faire market policy.[79]
The Hong Kong question
In 1971, the Republic of China (Taiwan)'s permanent seat on the United Nations was transferred to the People's Republic of China (PRC), Hong Kong's status as a recognised colony became terminated in 1972 under the request of PRC. Facing the uncertain future of Hong Kong and expiry of land lease of New Territories beyond 1997, Governor MacLehose raised the question in the late 1970s.
The British Nationality Act 1981 reclassified Hong Kong into a British Dependent Territory amid the reorganisation of global territories of the British Empire. All residents of Hong Kong became British Dependent Territory Citizens (BDTC). Diplomatic negotiations began with China and eventually concluded with the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration. Both countries agreed to transfer Hong Kong's sovereignty to China on 1 July 1997, when Hong Kong would remain autonomous as a special administrative region and be able to retain its free-market economy, British common law through the Hong Kong Basic Law, independent representation in international organisations (e.g. WTO and WHO), treaty arrangements and policy-making except foreign diplomacy and military defence.
It stipulated that Hong Kong would retain its laws and be guaranteed a high degree of autonomy for at least 50 years after the transfer. The Hong Kong Basic Law, based on English law, would serve as the constitutional document after the transfer. It was ratified in 1990.[69] The expiry of the 1898 lease on the New Territories in 1997 created problems for business contracts, property leases and confidence among foreign investors.
Handover and Special Administrative Region status
Main articles: Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong and 2000s in Hong Kong
Transfer of sovereignty
Golden Bauhinia Square
On 1 July 1997, the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China took place, officially marking the end of Hong Kong's 156 years under British colonial governance. As the largest remaining colony of the United Kingdom, the loss of Hong Kong effectively represented the end of the British Empire. This transfer of sovereignty made Hong Kong the first special administrative region of China. Tung Chee-Hwa, a pro-Beijing business tycoon, was elected Hong Kong's first Chief Executive by a selected electorate of 800 in a televised programme.
Structure of government
Hong Kong's current structure of governance inherits from the British model of colonial administration set up in the 1850s. The 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration states that "Hong Kong should enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all areas except defence and foreign affairs" with reference to the underlying principle of one country, two systems.[note 3] This Declaration stipulates that Hong Kong maintains her capitalist economic system and guarantees the rights and freedoms of her people for at least 50 years after the 1997 handover. [note 4] Such guarantees are enshrined in the Hong Kong's Basic Law, the territory's constitutional document, which outlines the system of governance after 1997, albeit subject to interpretation by China's Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC).[95][96]
Hong Kong's most senior leader, Chief Executive, is elected by a committee of 1,200 selected members (600 in 1997) and nominally appointed by the Government of China. The primary pillars of government are the Executive Council, Legislative Council, civil service and Judiciary.
Policy-making is initially discussed in the Executive Council, presided by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong, before passing to the Legislative Council for bill adoption. The Executive Council consists of 30 official/unofficial members appointed by the Chief Executive and one member among them acts as the convenor.[97][98]
The Legislative Council, set up in 1843, debates policies and motions before voting to adopt or rejecting bills. It has 70 members (originally 60) and 40 (originally 30) among them are directly elected by universal suffrage; the other 30 members are "functional constituencies" (indirectly) elected by a smaller electorate of corporate bodies or representatives of stipulated economic sectors as defined by the government. The Legislative Council is chaired by a president who acts as the speaker.[99][100]
In 1997, seating of the Legislative Council (also public services and election franchises) of Hong Kong modelled on the British system: Urban Council (Hong Kong and Kowloon) and District Council (New Territories and Outlying Islands). In 1999, this system has been reformed into 18 directly elected District Offices across 5 Legislative Council constituencies: Hong Kong Island (East/West), Kowloon and New Territories (East/West); the remaining outlying islands are divided across the aforementioned regions.
Hong Kong's Civil Service, created by the British colonial government, is a politically neutral body that implements government policies and provides public services. Senior civil servants are appointed based on meritocracy. The territory's police, firefighting and customs forces, as well as clerical officers across various government departments, make up the civil service.[101][102]
Betonmast mit Hausnummer, Kommunikationsleitung,Stromleitung, Beleuchtung und Storchennest, gefunden bei Kolberg in Polen, HTT / Multifunctional concrete pole with house number plate, communication cables, power lines, lamp and a stork nest, seen near Kolobrzeg/Poland, HTT
oli says that it looks like they're swimming when she carries the purse around :)
pattern in my etsy shop: www.anapaulaoli.etsy.com
la oli dice que parece como que estuvieran nadando cuando lleva la carterita (no que los nenes de 3 son adorados?)
A close-up of a mortar and pestle, their smooth wooden textures perfectly complementing each other. Together, they embody the simplicity and elegance of traditional tools, seamlessly working as one to grind and blend.
F225 universal agricultural tractor as of 1962. Includes two cylinder engine, two speed transmission, drive shafts, working steering, lifting arrangement. Can be configured as tipper, front loader with digger or fork. There was also a sowing machine and a mower for it.
Motorized Lego Volkswagen beetle - Red Baron theme
www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYiU84Vksic, www.mocpages.com/moc.php/384440
It is 37 studs long, 19 studs wide and 12 studs high and weighs 589 g.
Two L motors are coupled and geared 5:1. Power is transmitted, without differential to the rear wheels only.
Servo motor for steering
7.4 V rechargeable battery box (easy accessible for charging)
Working 4 cylinder boxer engine.
Working steering wheel (directly connected to second output of servo motor).
Working serpentine belt part which drives fake fan.
Wheel & Tire: 41896/41897 front and rear.
Doors can be opened.
Front and rear seats can be raised.
Fake fuel tank at the front, with filler cap that can be opened.
Functional glove box.
Custom stickers (inspired by Hot Rod Vince's "Black Baron" www.flickr.com/photos/62798028@N08/12811759213/) and chromed details (wheels, mirrors, exhaust, fuel filler cap).
p.s. it has been bloged:
__________________________________________
Outlining a Theory of General Creativity . .
. . on a 'Pataphysical projectory
Entropy ≥ Memory ● Creativity ²
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Study of the day:
L’intuition immédiate qu’on a, est que notre processus de développement a pour but d’arriver à la construction du moi, en tant que sujet pensant, que tout n’a pour but que de construire l’individu qu’on est. Chacun croît ça pour lui-même, alors que nous ne sommes que des populations de cellules qui se développent, qui s’organisent parce qu’elles sont contraintes de s’organiser, parce que sinon elles dégénéreraient. ... Nous avons du mal à accepter que nous sommes au service de nos cellules et non l’inverse.
The immediate intuition we have is that our development process aims to achieve the construction of the self, as thinking subject, that everything is only there to build the individual we are. Everyone believes that for himself, while we are only cell populations that develop, which are organizing because they are forced to be organized, because otherwise they degenerate. ... It's hard to accept that we are serving our cells and not vice versa.
( Jean-Jacques KUPIEC - L’origine des individus )
__________________________________________
| . rectO-persO . | . E ≥ m.C² . | . co~errAnce . | . TiLt . |
Clouds Rest and Half Dome Sunset from Tressider Peak Ridge. California, Sierra Nevada Mountains,Yosemite, Tressider Peak. Off the John Muir Trail near Mile 018.
(All images copyrighted. Copying my photos is not ok w/out permission. LINKING to this page via Flickr "share" functionality is ok. See my Profile for queries regarding any other usage.)
BMW Welt (English - BMW World), is a multi-functional customer experience and exhibition facility of the BMW Group, located in Munich, Germany. In direct proximity to the BMW Headquarters, it is designed to: present the current products of BMW; be a distribution center for BMW cars; and offer an event forum and a conference center. HDR photo.
Designed by architects Coop Himmelb(l)au for BMW Group, the facility was constructed from August 2003 through Summer 2007.
"The Double Cone which protrudes prominently from the entire building acts as a powerful and dynamic eye-catcher. The cyclone made of glass and steel, winding upwards, ending in the roof which is suspended freely, floating just like a cloud, is created by a dynamic deformation of the two girder layers and constitutes one of the main supporting points of the roof.
The architectural concept of the BMW Welt combines form and function. This is shown in the elegant steel facade, for example, which serves the function of air-conditioning the BMW Welt, among other things. For this purpose, the solar energy which is lead from the roof to the facades contributes to the heating of the building and the ventilation of the building is also implemented with the large wall areas." --> www.bmw-welt.com/web/bmw-welt/en/index_highend.html
Die BMW Welt ist eine kombinierte Ausstellungs-, Auslieferungs-, Erlebnis-, Museums- und Eventstätte in direkter Nähe zum BMW-Vierzylinder in München. Sie wurde von 2003 bis 2007 nach Plänen der Architekten Coop Himmelb(l)au für BMW errichtet. Auf dem Dach ist eine Solaranlage mit 800 KW Leistung installiert. Die Eröffnung fand am 20./21. Oktober 2007 statt.
See my set about BMW Welt!
"Als kraftvoller und dynamischer Blickfang erscheint der dem gesamten Bauwerk prominent vorgelagerte Doppelkegel. Der in Glas und Stahl gebannte Tornadowirbel, der sich nach oben schraubt und im ebenso wie eine Wolke frei schwebenden und fliegenden Dach endet, entsteht durch eine dynamische Verformung der beiden Trägerlagen und bildet ein Hauptauflager des Daches.
Das architektonische Konzept der BMW Welt vereint Design und Funktion gleichermaßen. Dies zeigt sich zum Beispiel in der filigranen Stahlfassade, die unter anderem der Klimatisierung der BMW Welt dient. So wirkt die Solarenergie, die durch das Dach und die Fassaden gelangt, gezielt an der Beheizung des Gebäudes mit und die Belüftung des Gebäudes erfolgt ebenfalls über seine großen Wandflächen. Gläserne Hüllflächen ermöglichen eine thermisch behagliche Oberflächentemperatur." --> www.bmw-welt.com/web/bmw-welt/de/index_highend.html
This has been grouted for couple months...finally got it cleaned..but see I still need to do a little more...I have a lot of starting and stopping right now, resting.
Seen on the outside wall of the Outbound Station Restaurant in Conshohocken, PA.
Photo from our recent walk along the Schuykill River Trail in Conshohocken, Pennsylvania.
F225 universal agricultural tractor as of 1962. Includes two cylinder engine, two speed transmission, drive shafts, working steering, lifting arrangement. Can be configured as tipper, front loader with digger or fork. There was also a sowing machine and a mower for it.
Tutorial on Instructables: www.instructables.com/id/Functional-LEGO-Nutcrackers/
With a simple pull of the lever, these decorative figures can open and close their jaws like authentic nutcrackers!
Both of these models were built in the recent weeks leading up to Christmas. The design was pretty straightforward, but two major issues were making the faces look good, and finally getting the hats right. In fact, the green nutcracker's crown took the longest to figure out, and was finally made with hinge plates.
As mentioned in the tutorial, although these can in fact function as real nutcrackers, they're somewhat rickety and best suited for holiday decorations.
F225 universal agricultural tractor as of 1962. Includes two cylinder engine, two speed transmission, drive shafts, working steering, lifting arrangement. Can be configured as tipper, front loader with digger or fork. There was also a sowing machine and a mower for it.
Scandinavian Sea House MOC is a small - but functional - house by the sea. It is shaped like an L and located somewhere in the Swedish archipelago. Downstairs you find a small TV-room and kitchen next to a guest room and a laundry room. A storage space is hidden underneath the staircase, that leads up to the master bedroom. And now we come to the best part - the home spa! Here you find a Turkish bath and resting chairs in a peaceful environment with a panorama sea view. Double glass doors lead to the roof terrace outside.
Formerly owned by SM designer Robert Opron
Zoute Sale - Bonhams
Estimated : € 70.000 - 100.000
Sold for € 87.400
Zoute Grand Prix 2021
Knokke - Zoute
België - Belgium
October 2021
Combining Citröen's advanced chassis technology and Maserati's unrivalled engine know-how, the SM (Série Maserati) featured DS-style hydro-pneumatic self-levelling suspension; power-assisted all-round disc brakes; self-centring steering; and steered headlamps. Maserati was responsible for the 90-degree V6 engine, and after some juggling of bore/stroke dimensions, a capacity of 2,670cc was settled on for a power output of 170bhp.
The man responsible for styling the SM was Frenchman Robert Opron, who had managed to persuade the Citroën management that it would be a good idea to have a prestige Gran Turismo at the top of the range. His portfolio while at Citroën would include overseeing the GS and CX ranges, as well as face-lifting the immortal DS. Citröen was the world leader in passenger car aerodynamics at this time, the SM's class-leading drag coefficient enabling it to reach 225km/h, making it the fastest front-wheel-drive car ever at that time. Fuel injection arrived in 1972, nevertheless the model was prematurely (some would say criminally) axed in 1975 following Citröen's acquisition by Peugeot and the looming fuel crisis. Fondly remembered, these technically advanced and functionally beautiful cars remain highly sought after today after half a century.
This particular Citroën SM is of some historical significance as it was previously owned by none other than Robert Opron, the driving force behind the model's creation. Robert cherished and enjoyed his SM, covering some 74,000 kilometres, until March 2006 when he sold it to a member of the Peugeot family. Its new owner, Mr. Jean Peugeot, through his company 'Set Up Racing', kept the SM for only a year before offering it for sale. It was sold to a collector, who owned the car for seven years, adding fewer than 18,000 kilometres to the 76,230 covered by 2007.
In 2014 the SM was sold to a respected collector of the marque, who commissioned Citroën specialist Guy Stoeckel in Alsace to carry out a thorough restoration, incorporating updates to the electrical and hydraulic systems, the infamous distribution chain modification for greater reliability, a full respray and more detailed work which was completed in 2017, making this a very superior example of the model. Related invoices are available and the car also comes with a history file containing ownership records, Belgian registration papers, Contrôle Technique, and other paperwork including a signed copy of the reference book tracing Opron's designer career. Now presented in beautiful condition, this historic Citroën SM represents a wonderful and possibly unique opportunity to acquire one of these 20th Century motoring icons previously owned by the man responsible for its creation.
Craft School, The Hague - Scheveningen, NL, designed by J. Duiker in 1930-1931. Restored in 1998 to a multi-company building with 22 units.
Technical school, formerly the Third Craft School, consisting of rectangular staggered building masses of three storey's, partly basement, under flat roofs. The ideas of the Nieuwe Zakelijkheid or Modernism, break the concept of the closed façade wall and create a completely new architecture with large glass surfaces where inner and outer space penetrate each other. The wall surfaces to be completed are closed where necessary to heights that are functionally determined in relation to the activities behind the façade.
The carrying frame is made of reinforced concrete. The façades consist of, among other things, cavity walls. The outer leaf is poured concrete on the spot and the inner leaf is made of floating stone. The skeleton and inner and outer walls have been plastered; the different materials, textures and seams, are this stucco layer is made into a continuous skin. The plinth around the building is dark and changes in height. Clarity and practical room layout determine the interior with centrally located stairwell and continuous corridors with on either side at right angles or parallel to them classrooms. The toilets are projected with each classroom. The wardrobe and the bicycle parking are central and can be checked from the porter's lodge.
The building has 21 classrooms; the local dimensions form the basis for the measurement method (a column distance of 8 x 8 meters) of the design. The dimensions are of three types: 8x8, 8x13 and 8x16 meters. The concrete skeleton allows the placement of large glass surfaces. The classrooms and other rooms receive their light via steel windows with horizontal rod distribution with narrow profiles and steel façades with glass on the corridor sides. The arrival of light in the hall is achieved through large areas of glass building blocks.
The school building was very much in line with the modern ideas of upbringing and well-being from that time, which were strongly oriented towards health and hygiene. An open floor plan with large glass surfaces where light and air can penetrate to a large extent translate these ideals into architecture. Cultural-historical significance as a school building that expresses in its design the modern views on upbringing and well-being in the thirties. Architecturally important as a representative and rare example of a school building in the style of the Nieuwe Zakelijkheid or Modernism.
Back view of the model of the DTE Energy's Grand River Substation. Unfortunately the roll up doors are not functional. The LEGO garage door parts are too big for the scale of this building and would not look quite right.
House Sonneveld Rotterdam - Dutch functionalism by Brinkman en Van der Vlugt
Functionalism emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century and had its heyday in the interwar years. Sonneveld House, built between 1929 and 1933, is one of the best-preserved private houses in this style in the Netherlands. Light, air and space were important qualities for Functionalist architects. They strove to create a healthy living environment with abundant fresh air and sunlight for their buildings’ residents and users. The building’s function and the needs of the residents were more important to these architects than the building’s monumentality. They designed efficient and hygienic buildings using modern techniques and materials such as steel and concrete. Functional floor plans with freely divided spaces gave the buildings an open and light appearance, which was reinforced by balconies and terraces. Villa Savoye (1930) at Poissy near Paris can be seen as Le Corbusier’s manifesto because it represents the most radical application of his "five points". The building had a great influence on modernist architecture. All of Le Corbusier’s five points can be found to a lesser or greater degree in Sonneveld House: in the numerous external spaces, the open arrangement of the living room, the bands of windows running the entire length of the façade and the volumes raised on pillars. As in Villa Savoye, in Sonneveld House the servants’ quarters and the garage are on the ground floor with the principal living spaces above.
Encamp city, Vall d'Orient, Andorra, Pyrenees - (c) Lutz Meyer
More Encamp city, Encamp parroquia, Andorra, Pyrenees: Follow the group links at right side.
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* for large metadata-controlled business collections: photo-archives, travel agencies, tourism editiorials
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It's based on GeoCoded stock-photo images and metadata with 4-5 languages. Prepared for easy systematic organising of large image portfolios with advanced online / print-publishing as "Culture-GIS" (Geographic Info System).
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Model "Truck T12 MkII" Mack Granite is build with LEGO® in scale 1:17,5 and motorized using LEGO® Power Functions. It is a model of a Mack Granite 6x4 day cab truck. Both the looks and specifications are adjusted to match lowboy ”Trailer Tr4 MkII” and the optional jeep and booster ”Trailer Tr4 MkII Add1”. This rather heavy lowboy trailer combination, which might include a load, requires some extra power.
The truck features: solid axle suspension on all axles of which the rear axle uses tandem bogie suspension, PF powered driving with power transmitted independently to both rear axles, reduced speed to increase power/torque, Ackerman geometry on steering axle, Servo powered steering, fully functional fifth wheel, fifth wheel slider, modeled engine, detailed cabin interior and 3 light units.
Even though this truck is designed to go with ”Trailer Tr4 MkII” plus ”Trailer Tr4 MkII Add1” lowboy combination in the first place, it doesn’t necessarily mean it can't be used with other available trailers as well. If you prefer to give it a flat bed or log trailer, you are free to do so!
If a different trailer is used it might be useful to give this truck's drivetrain a various gear setup. For this a separate PDF file is available that tells you what gear reductions to use with which trailer. It also shows you how to do so. Evidently the torque will be reduced, but with lighter weight trailers that is no problem at all.
This model is another custom design by Ingmar Spijkhoven AKA 2LegoOrNot2Lego that comes with building instructions and inventory/parts list!
You can build it yourself! To do so you can buy the Building Instructions. Early in the building process you will see what it is that you are building. You will be very excited from the moment you start the build of "Truck T12 MkII" till you finish it with about 360 different parts totaling 1900 pieces.
As one of the designer's trademarks this truck model is provided with full solid axle suspension on all axles, so including the front steered axle. Regular LEGO® Technic shock absorbers proved too large. Instead Rubber Belts are used, to achieve this the movement is converted using a lever constructions.
What is particularly new to this model is the double rear axle setup. This new setup allows easy axle and wheel travel. Because it doesn't use any shock absorbing the wheels and axles do not have to deal with any force. It is based around the concept of the walking beam suspension.
This Mack Granite model is powered by a Mack MP8 engine which is visible with the hood opened. This power source is an inline 6 cylinder engine with a displacement of 13.0 L. The horsepower range is from 425 up to 505 HP and this engine has a torque range from 1570 to 1760.
This detailed MP8 engine is nice to build and to give it those realistic looks a total number of 55 parts is used. It is detailed with for example engine oil dipstick, fan, fan belt, pulleys, hoses, oil filters including by-pass oil filter and a turbo.
Together with much more engine bay details which are added the looks are phenomenal. These include break fluid reservoir, windshield washer container, internal air cleaner system with tubing and steering shaft.
A lot of detail is added to the cabin's interior as well in the colors Dark Bluish Gray with some Reddish Brown details. By opening this model’s doors one can access the cabin. The interior's colors, which is quite dark, really standout because of the truck's body work mainly Orange color.
For the driver's comfort the interior has gauges, switches and comfortable seats. Other details are a angled dash and gauge panel, a steering wheel and a gear shift.
March 25, 2013 -- Line number 86, a Boeing-owned 787 airplane built for LOT Polish Airlines, departs Paine Field in Everett, Wash. for a functional check flight. The airplane took off at 12:11 pm Pacific Time.
The flight is a normal Boeing production check flight intended to validate that all systems function as designed. During a functional check flight, crews cycle the landing gear and operate all the backup systems, in addition to performing electrical system checks from the flight profile. Across airplane programs, more than 600 functional check flights were completed in 2012.
Following the completion of the functional check flight, we will analyze the data from the flight and prepare for certification ground and flight demonstration in the coming days. The plan is to conduct one certification demonstration flight. That flight, which will take plan on Line 86, will demonstrate that the new battery system performs as intended during flight conditions.
Inevitably I break them but bringing home a ceramic mug is one of my weak spots. The yellow one with a handle? Returning from a weekend spent with my sister and her friends in Harper's Ferry, WV I took the scenic route and kept seeing handwritten signs for a potter "need a mug" and instead of thinking "maybe I should stop..." I actually made the decision and followed through and did it. And I bought one for each of the ladies and I think I actually got the mugs too them. A minor miracle on my part. The luxurious one under it came from a festival we used to go to every year until the museum stopped hosting it but its my favorite mug and always reminds me of the horse drawn carousel and kettle popped corn. The mug with the x marks is from the sister and while its missing the handle its perfect for an afternoon cup of coffee--just the right size. There is a new one from Alisha back there stamped "grateful" because I so am and just need reminding and another from a different weekend retreat with my sister and another with the best glaze and terrific for that first cup because its huge... I hope to get one in CT too...
Processed with VSCOcam with g3 preset
Looking ESE from about 1 mile off trail. Redwall over Surprise Valley at left, Tapeats Creek canyon running center distant then turning right across center middle ground, and the Colorado River canyon running right to distnant mid right.
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German fire engines are quite distinctive and very different from the Hong Kong (hence British) and Canadian (hence American) fire trucks that I usually see. German fire engines are compact and have a very short wheelbase for easy manoeuvring. With military-style deep-groove tires/ tyres, German fire engines have very high ground clearance for flood rescue or off-road situations. In the countryside, fancy ladder or hydraulic platform/ bucket fire engines seem rare. Finally, while American fire trucks have extended overhanging bumpers, their German counterparts have functional but subdue bumpers.
Here is what they sound like... two-tone sirens! (Not my video):
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While exploring the town of Meißen / Meissen in Saxony, suddenly a whole army of fire engines, ambulances and a solo police car raced from the historic old town southwards on Neugasse and Talstraße / Talstrasse. Initially It looked like a major incident had occurred, but an hour later, I happened to encounter their return into town, so I suspect it was more a precaution than something truly serious.
El trabajo de menores está prohibido en Marruecos , pero la realidad es.....
Información de Save the Children: Trabajo infantil. Se encuentro miles de niños en talleres, en mercados y en el campo, que pierden la posibilidad de estudiar y prepararse para el futuro con el fin de poder ayudar a sus familias. En especial la situación de las niñas que son entregadas como asistentas domésticas a las familias en las ciudades. Su drama es invisible para el resto de la sociedad.
Cerca de 500.000 menores de 15 años trabaja en Marruecos, una cifra que no incluye sin embargo a los niños trabajadores menores de 12 años, ni a las niñas de entre 7 y 15 años empleadas en el servicio doméstico, cuyo número oscila entre 66.000 y 86.000, según denuncia Save the Children, coincidiendo con la celebración este mes del Día Mundial contra el Trabajo Infantil.
Esta organización no gubernamental afirma que las niñas empleadas en el servicio doméstico, analfabetas, procedentes del medio rural y de familias pobres y numerosas en su mayoría, comienzan a trabajar en el país africano a los 5 o 6 años y son muy vulnerables debido a su aislamiento en un medio extraño para ellas.
Las llamadas "petites bonnes" trabajan entre 12 y 15 horas diarias, siete días a la semana por un salario que, dependiendo de la edad, raramente sobrepasa los 400 dirhams al mes (unos 40 euros) y que suele ser entregado directamente a los padres.
Save the Children denuncia que estas pequeñas se ven privadas de derechos fundamentales (especialmente de la educación) y expuestas a violencia física, psicológica y sexual.
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Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment
In 2003 the government signed an accord with Spain to repatriate more than 6,000 unaccompanied minors. Upon returning to the country, the children encountered material difficulties and abuse on the streets, as well as abuse by border officials. Spain pledged funds for a rehabilitation center in the Tangier area to assist with the reinsertion of minors.At year's end, the center was not yet functional.
The law protects children from exploitation in the workplace and prohibits forced or compulsory labor; however, the government had difficulty effectively implementing these laws, except in organized labor markets. Noncompliance with child labor laws was common, particularly in the agricultural sector. In 2004 the International Program on the Elimination of Child Labor reported that 80 percent of the country's underage workers worked on family farms.
In 2005 the government reported that there were 600,000 child workers, and 1.5 to 2 million children were not registered in school. Of those children between the ages of 12 to 14, 18 percent worked. In rural areas 19 percent of children between the ages of seven to 14 worked; in urban areas children composed 2 percent of the labor force.
In practice children were apprenticed before age 12, particularly in small, family-run workshops in the handicraft industry. Children also worked in the informal sector in textile, carpet, and light manufacturing activities. Children's safety and health conditions and wages were often substandard. Many young girls were exploited as domestic servants (see section 5).
Cami de l'Oratori, Les Bons, Encamp, Vall d'Orient, Andorra, Pyrenees - (c) Lutz Meyer
More Les Bons, Encamp parroquia, Vall d'Orient, Andorra, Pyrenees: Follow the group links at right side.
.......
About this image:
* Full frame format 3x2 quality image
* Usage: Large format prints optional
* Motive is suitable as symbol pic
* "Andorra authentic" edition (20 years 2004-2024)
* "Andorra camis & rutes" active collection
* Advanced metadata functionality on dynamic websites or apps
* for large metadata-controlled business collections: photo-archives, travel agencies, tourism editiorials
We offer 200.000+ photos of Andorra and North of Spain. 20.000+ visable here at Flickr. Its the largest professional image catalog of Andorra: all regions, all cities and villages, all times, all seasons, all weather(s). Consistent for additional advanced programming. For smartphones and web-db. REAL TIME!
It's based on GeoCoded stock-photo images and metadata with 4-5 languages. Prepared for easy systematic organising of very large image portfolios with advanced online / print-publishing as "Culture-GIS" (Geographic Info System).
More information about usage, tips, how-to, conditions: www.flickr.com/people/lutzmeyer/. Get quality, data consistency, stable organisation and PR environments: Professional stockphotos for exciting stories - docu, tales, mystic.
Ask for licence! lutz(at)lutz-meyer.com
(c) Lutz Meyer, all rights reserved. Do not use this photo without license.
Bacha log, in this Module we are going to see different, different Marketing Strategic
Techniques. To start with Social Marketing, now it aims to increase the acceptability of a
social idea, cause or practice among a target group. Example is campaign for prohibition of
smoking, right. Second example would be P&G, they collect or they donate, right, for every
product that we buy out of which 2 or 3 rupees is donated towards Girl Child Shiksha
Abhiyan. Isn’t it good, yes?
Next we see is Augmented Marketing, now in here it is the provision of additional customer
services and benefit built around the core and the actual products that relate to the
introduction of hi-tech services like, online computer services, etc. Herein example could be
Asian Paints, they give five years warranty on certain paints.
Direct Marketing, is a marketing strategy that interacts directly with the consumers asking
them to make a direct response. Example through catalogues selling, mail, electronic
marketing, Television shopping, etc.
Relationship Marketing, it is a process of creating, maintaining and enhancing strong value
laden relationships with customers and other stakeholders. It will go a long way in building
relationships. Example, Emirates, right, when you fly by Emirates they send a Mercedes,
right, per passenger at your residence, so if it is a family of four, you can even ask for four
Mercedes and they provide. And they pick you up from your door, that is your home till
airport. And again from your destination airport to the hotel a Mercedes service is
provided. Same, British Airways, offers special lounges with showers at 199 airports for
frequent fliers. Isn’t it amazing, yes.
Next, Services Marketing, It is applying the concepts, tools and techniques of marketing to
services. Services is any activity that one party can offer to another that is essentially
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