This Book of Hours was completed by followers of Loyset Liédet ca. 1470 in Bruges. The calendar and litany feature saints venerated in Bruges, Brittany, and Angers, which locates the book to the northwest region of Flanders. This book contains eleven extant miniatures and a hymn to the Virgin, which was added to the end of the book early on. There is an unusual scribal error spanning fols. 182v and 183r, where 182v is an incomplete repetition of 183v, and 183r contains the same text as 182r. Therefore, the entire opening from 182v to 183r is redundant and interrupts the proper flow of the text, but would have been difficult to remove without also removing the texts in their proper places. It is interesting evidence of the potential errors that could arise from the practice of copying models.

To explore fully digitized manuscripts with a virtual page-turning application, please visit Walters Ex Libris.

Happy Valentine's to all my followers.

Abstract background and filigree layers were created in Ultra Fractal. Additional hearts added in Paint Shop Pro.

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I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the outcast.

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.

Allah’s peace be upon Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), the glorious Prophet of Islam, and on his Companions and his followers.

TASAWWUF

"There is no doubt that Tasawwuf is an important branch of Islam. The word itself may have been derived form the Arabic word "Soof" (Wool) or from "Safa" (cleanliness), but its foundation lies in one’s personal sincerity in seeking Allah’s nearness and trying to live a life pleasing to Him. Study of the Quran, the Hadith, and the practical life of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and his faithful Companions provide unmistakable support to this reality." (Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A)

SUFISM, AN ESSENTIAL PART OF ISLAM

Doubts exist not only in the minds of the Muslim faithful but also among the Ulema, notably the exoteric about Tasawwuf and its votaries. Often they lead to misunderstanding, as if Shariah and Tariqah were two separate entries, or that Tasawwuf was some obscure discipline foreign to Islam, or that it was altogether above the established laws and injunctions of our Religion. To help remove these misgivings and to reassure seekers, as well as scholars, our Sheikh Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), Sheikh Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia, wrote Al-Jamal Wal Kamal, Aqaid-O-Kamalaat Ulmai-e-Deoband, Binat-e-Rasool (S.A.W), Daamad-e-Ali (R.A), Dalael-us-Salook, Ejaad-e-Mazhab Shia, Hayat-un-Nabi (S.A.W), Hayat Barzakhia, Ilm-o-Irfan, Niffaz-e-Shariat Aur Fiqah-e-Jaferia, Saif-e-Owaisi, Shikast-e-Ahdai Hussain and Tahkeek Halal Haram books.

BIOGRAPHY

Sheikh Allah Yar Khan was born in Chakrala, a remote village of Mianwali District of Pakistan, in 1904. He completed his religious education in 1934. The very year, he met Shaykh Abdul Rahim, who took him to the shrine of Shaykh Allah Deen Madni. By Divine Will his spiritual connection was right away established with the saint of the 10th century Hijra (sixteenth century) and he started receiving spiritual beneficence. His sublime education in Sufism, signifying progressive spiritual growth and advancement, continued for about twenty-five years. In 1962 he was directed to carry out the propagation of Prophetic blessings - a noble mission that he accomplished with singular enthusiasm and devotion for a period spanning half a century. Anybody who visited him was duly rewarded with a share of spiritual bliss as per his/her sincerity and capacity. Shaykh Allah Yar Khan's mission produced men and women of deep spiritual vision and distinction.

Although Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A) have lived a major portion of his life as a scholar, with the avowed mission of illuminating the truth of Islam and the negation of fallacious sects, and this would appear quite removed from Tasawwuf, yet the only practical difference between the two, namely the use of the former as a media to expound the truth, and the latter to imbue people with positive faith. Nevertheless, people are amazed that a man, who until the other day, was known as a dialectician and a preacher of Islam, is not only talking of Mystic Path, but is also claiming spiritual bonds with the veteran Sufi Masters of the Past. This amazement is obviously out of place in the view of Quranic injunction: This is the bounty of Allah which He gives to whom He wills. (62:4)

THE PURIFICATION OF THE SOUL

The purification of the soul always formed part of the main mission of the Prophets; that is, the dissemination and propagation of the Devine Message. This responsibility later fell directly on the shoulders of the true Ulema in the Ummah of the last Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), who, as his genuine successors, have continued to shed brave light in every Dark Age of materialism and sacrilege. In the present age of ruinous confusion, the importance of this responsibility has increased manifold; of the utter neglect of Islam by Muslims has not only driven them to misery, but also grievously weakened their bonds of faith in Allah and His Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). The decay in their belief and consequent perversion in their conduct has reached a stage that any attempt to pull them out of the depth of ignominy and the heedless chaos of faithlessness, attracts grave uncertainties and apprehensions rather than a encouraging will to follow the Shariah, to purify the soul and to reform within. The Quranic Verse: Layers upon layers of darkness… (24:40) provides the nearest expression of their present state.

SHARIAH & SUFISM

Any action against the Sunnah (Prophet’s way of life) cannot be called Sufism. Singing and dancing, and the prostration on tombs are not part of Sufism. Nor is predicting the future and predicting the outcome of cases in the courts of law, a part of Sufism. Sufis are not required to abandon their worldly possessions or live in the wilderness far from the practical world. In fact these absurdities are just its opposites. It is an established fact that Tazkiyah (soul purification) stands for that inner purity which inspires a person’s spirit to obey the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). If a false claimant of Sufism teaches tricks and jugglery, ignoring religious obligations, he is an impostor. A true Sheikh will lead a believer to the august spiritual audience of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). If you are fortunate enough to be blessed with the company of an accomplished spiritual guide and Sheikh of Sufism, and if you follow his instructions, you will observe a positive change in yourself, transferring you from vice to virtue.

ISLAM, AS A COMPLETE CODE OF LIFE

Islam, as a complete code of life or Deen, was perfected during the life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). He was the sole teacher and his mosque was the core institution for the community. Although Islam in its entirety was practiced during that blessed era, the classification and compilation of its knowledge into distinct branches like ‘Tafsir’ (interpretation of the Quran), Hadith (traditions or sayings of the holy Prophet- SAWS), Fiqh (Islamic law), and Sufism (the soul purification) were undertaken subsequently. This Deen of Allah passed from the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) to his illustrious Companions in two ways: the outward and the inward. The former comprised the knowledge defined by speech and conduct, i.e., the Quran and Sunnah. The latter comprised the invisible blessings or the Prophetic lights transmitted by his blessed self. These blessings purified the hearts and instilled in them a passionate desire to follow Islam with utmost love, honesty and loyalty.

WHAT’S SUFISM

Sufism is the attempt to attain these Barakah (Blessings). The Companions handed down Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) teachings as well as blessings to the Taba’een. Their strong hearts were capable of infusing these blessings into the hearts of their followers. Both aspects of Islam were similarly passed on by the Taba’een to the Taba Taba’een. The compilation of knowledge and its interpretation led to the establishment of many schools of religious thought; famous four being the Hanafi, the Hanbali, the Maliki, and the Shafa'i, all named after their founders. Similarly, in order to acquire, safeguard and distribute his blessings, an organized effort was initiated by four schools of Sufism: The Naqshbandia, the Qadria, the Chishtia, and the Suharwardia. These schools were also named after their organizers and came to be known as Sufi Orders. All these Orders intend to purify the hearts of sincere Muslims with Prophetic lights. These Sufi Orders also grew into many branches with the passage of time and are known by other names as well. The holy Quran has linked success in this life and the Hereafter with Tazkiyah (soul purification). He, who purified, is successful. (87: 14) Sufi Orders of Islam are the institutions where the basics of Tazkiyah (soul purification) and its practical application are taught. They have graded programs in which every new seeker is instructed in Zikr-e Lisani (oral Zikr) and is finally taught the Zikr-e Qalbi (Remembrance in heart).

ZIKR-E QALBI

However, in the Naqshbandia Order, Zikr-e Qalbi is practiced from the very beginning. Adherence to the Sunnah (Prophet’s way of life) is greatly emphasized in this Order, because the seeker achieves greater and quicker progress through its blessings. The essence of Zikr is that the Qalb should sincerely accept Islamic beliefs and gain the strength to follow the Sunnah with even greater devotion. ‘If the heart is acquainted with Allah and is engaged in His Zikr; then it is filled with Barakaat-e Nabuwwat (Prophetic blessings) which infuse their purity in the mind and body. This not only helps in controlling sensual drives but also removes traces of abhorrence, voracity, envy and insecurity from human soul. The person therefore becomes an embodiment of love, both for the Divine and the corporeal. This is the meaning of a Hadith, “There is a lump of flesh in the human body; if it goes astray the entire body is misguided, and if it is reformed the entire body is reformed. Know that this lump is the Qalb”.’

PAS ANFAS

Recent History Khawajah Naqshband (d. 1389 CE) organized the Naqshbandia Order at Bukhara (Central Asia). This Order has two main branches – the Mujaddidia and the Owaisiah. The former is identified with Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi, known as Mujaddid Alif Sani (literally: reviver of the second Muslim millennium), a successor to Khawajah Baqi Billah, who introduced the Order to the Indo- Pakistan sub-continent. The Owaisiah Order employs a similar method of Zikr but acquires the Prophetic blessings in the manner of Khawajah Owais Qarni, who received this beneficence from the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) without a formal physical meeting. The Zikr employed by the Naqshbandia is ‘Zikr-e Khafi Qalbi’ (remembrance of Allah’s Name within the heart) and the method is termed ‘Pas Anfas’, which (in Persian) means guarding every breath. The Chain of Transmission of these Barakah, of course, emanates from the holy Prophet- SAWS.

SPIRITUAL BAI’AT (OATH OF ALLEGIANCE

It is necessary in all Sufi Orders that the Sheikh and the seekers must be contemporaries and must physically meet each other for the transfer of these blessings. However, the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order goes beyond this requirement and Sufis of this Order receive these Barakah regardless of physical meeting with their Sheikh or even when the Sheikh is not their contemporary. Yet, it must be underscored that physical meeting with the Sheikh of this Order still holds great importance in dissemination of these Barakah. Sheikh Sirhindi writes about the Owaisiah Order in his book ‘Tazkirah’: ‘It is the most sublime, the most exalted, and the most effective…and the highest station of all others is only its stepping stone.’ By far the greatest singular distinction of the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order is the honor of Spiritual Bai’at (Oath of Allegiance) directly at the blessed hands of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W).

SHEIKH HAZRAT MOULANA ALLAH YAR KHAN (R.A)

The Reviver Sheikh Allah Yar Khan was born in Chikrala, a remote village of Mianwali District of Pakistan, in 1904. He completed his religious education in 1934. The same year, he met Sheikh ‘Abdul Rahim, who took him to the shrine of Sheikh Allah Deen Madni. By Divine Will his spiritual connection was immediately established with the saint of the 10th century Hijra (sixteenth century CE) and he started receiving spiritual beneficence. His sublime education in Sufism, signifying progressive spiritual growth and advancement, continued for about twenty-five years, after which he was directed to undertake the propagation of Prophetic blessings - a noble mission that he accomplished with singular zeal and dedication for a period spanning half a century. Anybody who visited him was duly rewarded with a share of spiritual bliss commensurate with his/her sincerity and capacity. Sheikh Allah Yar Khan’s mission produced men and women of deep spiritual vision and eminence. He authored eighteen books, the most distinguished being Dalael us-Sulook (Sufism - An Objective Appraisal), Hayat-e Barzakhiah (Life Beyond Life) and Israr ul- Haramain (Secrets of the two holy Mosques). He was undoubtedly one of the most distinguished Sufi saints of the Muslim Ummah and a reviver of the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order. He passed away on 18 February 1984 in Islamabad at the age of eighty.

THE CHAIN OF TRANSMISSION OF NAQSHBANDIA OWAISIAH

1. Hazrat Muhammad ur-Rasool Allah (Sall Allah-o Alaihi wa Sallam), 2. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (Radhi Allah-o Unho), 3. Hazrat Imam Hassan Basri (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 4. Hazrat Daud Tai (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 5. Hazrat Junaid Baghdadi (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 6. Hazrat Ubaid Ullah Ahrar (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 7. Hazrat Abdur Rahman Jami (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 8. Hazrat Abu Ayub Muhammad Salih (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 9. Hazrat Allah Deen Madni (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 10. Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi).

THE SPIRIT OR RUH

The spirit or Ruh of every person is a created reflection of the Divine Attributes and it originates in Alam-e Amar (Realm of Command). Its food is the Light of Allah or the Divine Refulgence, which it acquires from the Realm of Command through the holy Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s choicest favors and peace be upon him), whose status in the spiritual world is like that of the sun in the solar system. The Quran refers to him as the ‘bright lamp’. Indeed, he is the divinely selected channel of all Barakah. All Exalted Messengers themselves receive these Barakah from him.

LATAIF

The human Ruh also possesses vital organs like the physical body; through which it acquires its knowledge, food and energy. These are called Lataif (singular Latifah: subtlety). Scholars of various Sufi Orders have associated them with specific areas of the human body. The Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order identifies these Lataif as follows. First - Qalb: This spiritual faculty is located within the physical heart. Its function is Zikr. Its strength increases one’s capacity for Allah’s Zikr. Second – Ruh: The site of this Latifah, which is a distinct faculty of the human Ruh, is on the right side of the chest at the level of Qalb. Its primary function is concentration towards Allah. Third – Sirri: This is located above the Qalb and functions to make possible Kashf. Forth – Khaffi: This is located above the Ruh and functions to perceive the omnipresence of Allah. Fifth – Akhfa: This is located in the middle of chest, at the centre of the first four Lataif and makes it possible for the Ruh to perceive the closeness of Allah, Who is closer to us than our own selves. Sixth – Nafs: This Latifah is located at the forehead and functions to purify the human soul. Seventh – Sultan al-Azkar: This Latifah is located at the top centre of the head and serves to absorb the Barakah of Allah into the entire body, so that every cell resonates with Zikr.

FIVE EXALTED MESSENGERS OF GOD

There are Five Exalted Messengers among the many known and unknown Messengers of Allah. They are Hazrat Muhammad, Hazrat Nuh (Noah), Hazrat Ibrahim (Abraham), Hazrat Musa (Moses), and Hazrat Esa (Jesus), peace be upon them all. Hazrat Adam is the first Prophet of Allah and the father of mankind. Each Latifah is associated with a particular Prophet. The Barakah and lights from Hazrat Adam (peace be upon him), descend on the first Latifah Qalb; its lights are reflected from the first heaven and are yellowish. The second Latifah is associated with Hazrat Nuh and Hazrat Ibrahim (peace be upon them). Its lights descend from the second heaven and appear as golden red. The lights descending upon the third Latifah are from Hazrat Musa (peace be upon him) and are white. One the fourth Latifah, the lights of Hazrat Esa (peace be upon him) descend from the fourth heaven and are deep blue. The fifth Latifah receives its Barakah directly from the holy Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s choicest favors and peace be upon him). The lights associated with this Latifah are green, descend from the fifth heaven, and overwhelm all the first four Lataif. The Lights descending upon the sixth and seventh Lataif are the Divine Lights, whose color and condition cannot be determined. These are like flashes of lightening that defy comprehension. If Allah blesses a seeker with Kashf, he can observe all of this. The vision is slightly diffused in the beginning, but gradually the clarity improves.

SULOOK

Stages of the Path After all seven Lataif of a seeker have been illuminated with Divine Lights through Tawajjuh of the Sheikh and his Ruh has acquired the ability to fly, the Sheikh initiates its journey on the sublime Path of Divine nearness. The Path is known as Sulook, and its stages are not hypothetical imaginations but real and actually existing stations on the spiritual Path. These are also referred to as Meditations, because a seeker mentally meditates about a station while his/her Ruh actually ascends towards it. The first three stations that form the base of whole Sulook are described as; Ahadiyyat, a station of Absolute Unity of Divinity. It is above and beyond the seven heavens. It is so vast a station that the seven heavens and all that they encompass are lost within Ahadiyyat as a ring is lost in a vast desert. Its lights are white in color. Maiyyat station denotes Divine Company, ‘He is with you, wherever you might be.’ This station is so vast that Ahadiyyat along with the seven heavens beneath are lost within it as a ring is lost in a desert. Its lights are green in color. Aqrabiyyat station denotes Divine Nearness, ‘He is nearer to you than your life- vein.’ Again, Aqrabiyyat is vast as compared to Maiyyat in the same proportion. Its lights are golden red and are reflected from the Divine Throne. It is indeed the greatest favor of Almighty Allah that He blesses a seeker with an accomplished Sheikh, who takes him to these sublime stations. The final station that a seeker attains to during his/her lifetime becomes his/her Iliyyeen (blessed abode) in Barzakh and his/her Ruh stays at this station after death.

ZIKR

Why is Zikr Necessary for Everyone? Allah ordains every soul in the Quran to Perform Zikr. This not only means reciting the Quran and Tasbeeh but also Zikr-e Qalb. It is only through Zikr-e Qalbi that Prophetic Lights reach the depths of human soul and purify it from all vice and evil. Zikr infuses a realization of constant Divine Presence and a seeker feels great improvement in the level of sincerity and love towards Allah and the holy Prophet- SAWS. Such levels of sincerity, love and feelings of Divine Presence can never be obtained without Zikr. It would be a mistake to believe that Zikr may be a requirement only for the very pious and virtuous people. Zikr provides the Prophetic blessings which are in effect the life line of every human soul. It transforms even the most corrupted humans into virtuous souls by bringing out the best in them. The fact is that Zikr is the only way to achieve true contentment and satisfaction in life. The holy Quran has pointed to this eternal fact that it is only through Zikr Allah that hearts can find satisfaction. Such satisfaction and peace are the ultimate requirements of every person, regardless of religion, race and ethnicity. Practicing Zikr regularly removes all traces of anxiety and restlessness, and guides the human soul to eternal bliss and peace.

KHALIFA MAJAZEEN

Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), during his life time in 1974, presented a nomination list to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), during Maraqba, of expected Khalifa Majazeen for Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) approved some names, deleted some of the names, and added down the name of Major Ghulam Muhammad as also Khalifa Majaaz of Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia (which was not previously included in the list)

The approved names at that time included:

1. Mr. Muhammad Akram Awan Sahib,

2. Mr. Sayed Bunyad Hussain Shah Sahib,

3. Mr. Major Ahsan Baig Sahib,

4. Mr. Col. Matloob Hussain Sahib,

5. Mr. Major Ghulam Muhammad Sahib of Wan Bhachran Mianwali,

6. Mr. Molvi Abdul Haq Sahib,

7. Mr. Hafiz Abdul Razzaq Sahib,

8. Mr. Hafiz Ghulam Qadri Sahib,

9. Mr. Khan Muhammad Irani Sahib,

10. Mr. Maolana Abdul Ghafoor Sahib,

11. Mr. Syed Muhammad Hassan Sahib of Zohb.

These Majazeen were authorized to; held Majalis of Zikar (Pas Anfas) in their respective areas, arrange Majalis of Zikar in neighboring areas, train them on the way of Sulook, prepare them for Spiritual Bai’at (Oath of Allegiance), and present them to Sheikh Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan for Spiritual Bai’at at the Hand of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), in the life of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), and were all equal in status as Khalifa Majaaz of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A).

Presently we are following Hazrat Major ® Ghulam Muhammad Sahib, Khalifa Majaaz of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A).

HOT BEARMAN HUNK ! ! ~

photographed by ADDA DADA ! ~`

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THANK YOU for the 796 MILLION VIEWS ! ~

ADDA DADA's VIEW COUNT is :

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There are NO stolen photos !

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Enjoy PHOTOGRAPHS of REAL PEOPLE ! ~ (no AI !

no STOLEN photos ! & no FAKES ! )

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After one month, I just reached 100 followers. A big thanks to all of you for your faves and comments so far. Looking forward to building lots of MOCs this year :)

Facebook 86’ed The Shade Place from its system currently for unfamiliar explanations. The celeb gossip and news publisher captivated about 4.two million followers on Facebook.

We attained out to The Shade Place and to Facebook to master why its web page disappeared. Facebook did not yet rep...

First 1000 businesses who contacts honestechs.com will receive a business mobile app and the development fee will be waived. Contact us today.

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honestechs.com/2016/04/19/the-shade-place-is-in-facebook-...

From Wikipedia:

On October 23rd 1844, Siyyid `Alí-Muhammad of Shiraz, Iran proclaimed that he was "the Báb" (الباب "the Gate"), after a Shi`a religious concept.[32] His followers were therefore known as Bábís. As the Báb's teachings spread, which the Islamic clergy saw as a threat, Bábís came under increased persecution, at times being forced to choose between renouncing their beliefs or being killed.[6] Several military confrontations took place between government and Bábí forces. The Báb himself was imprisoned and eventually executed in 1850.[33]

Bahá'ís see the Báb as the forerunner of the Bahá'í Faith, because the Báb's writings introduced the concept of "He whom God shall make manifest", a Messianic figure whose coming, according to Bahá'ís, was announced in the scriptures of all of the world's great religions, and whom Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Bahá'í Faith, claimed to be in 1863.[6] The Báb's tomb is located in Haifa, Israel, and is an important place of pilgrimage for Bahá'ís. The remains of the Báb were brought secretly from Iran to the Holy Land and were eventually interred in the Shrine built for them in a spot specifically designated by Bahá'u'lláh.[34]

Modell: Ódri

"You come & go,speak / do things

and just don't recognize,that you've been getting followers.

Your thoughts,your talents,your personality has lot effect on others.

Make sure to show them the better side of your behaviour.

Never know,who will be a friend,a lover,or a hater."

300 Followers!

I am working on some projects which exist just digital. Also added missing parts on the Fendt. I have to wait for some orders to complete the builds.

Nightshade Bodysuit

www.nexusmods.com/skyrim/mods/72772

Follower

@Pushkar, Rajasthan

I would just like to thank all of you who are my followers. It took a LONG time for me but I finally reached my goal. My next goal is to reach 100 followers. That will probably take another 3 years : (

Tiny teaser for my followers. ♥

--

Photography © Primadonna dolls

Wow! I've reached 2500 followers on Instagram. Thank you so much for the love and support everyone! Really excited to share more with you! ☝️😋✏️🎉

www.instagram.com/kitslams_art/

Following closely behind the "Ravinia Special", (an extra express train operated on summer Saturdays to serve the outdoor concerts at Ravinia Park) Metra UP-North Line train 823 with METX 137, the 'City of West Chicago' on the point, approaches the Ravenswood station on Chicago's north side. The new track here is part of an ongoing project to replace the many bridges spanning city streets on the line (UP's Kenosha Sub). In order to do this without seriously disrupting train service, new bridges were built on the west side of the right of way in a space which formerly held a third track. While this work was in progress, trains continued using the two main tracks as they had before. Once finished, the new track was opened and the old northbound track was taken out of service. When replacement of the bridges on the east side of the right of way is complete, the rebuilt southbound main will be moved to the old northbound track's position.

48 Open House BCN.

Barcelona's open house.

Visites gratuites de Barcelona.

48hopenhousebarcelona.org

Universitat de Barcelona.

Edifici històric.

Arquitecte Elies Rogent, 1863-1872

Any de Construcció: 1863-1872

Adreça: Av. Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585

Edifici exempt que ocupa pràcticament les dues illes de l’Eixample, envoltat d’un jardí interessant tant per la concepció com per les espècies que conté. Organitzat a partir d’una planta en forma de U, col·locada inicialment al centre les dependències representatives i a cada un dels extrems les facultats de ciències i de lletres. Les dues torres quadrades, resoltes quasi com campanars, que coronen els extrems de la façana ajuden a donar la idea de “temple laic” que té l’edifici.

Universitat de Barcelona, institució:

Els seus orígens resideixen en l'Estudi de Medicina que Martí I l'Humà volgué atorgar a la ciutat en 1401, sense el beneplàcit del Consell de Cent, que creia envaïdes les seves competències; igualment, l'Estudi General de Lleida va protestar, ja que això trencaria el seu virtual monopoli de l'ensenyament superior a la Corona d'Aragó. Mig segle després , el 1450, el rei Alfons el Magnànim va fundar l'Estudi General de Barcelona, és a dir, l'actual universitat. Incorporà algunes institucions d'ensenyament existents, com l'escola de la Catedral o les escoles municipals. Per això, la universitat va tenir, al contrari que d'altres, un marcat caràcter municipal, amb poc control per part de la corona.

Les classes s'impartien a diferents llocs: la catedral, el convent dels franciscans i el dels dominicans. La primera seu pròpia va ser un edifici construït a la part superior de la Rambla, a tocar de la muralla (a Canaletes, tocant la Plaça de Catalunya i el portal de Santa Anna), inaugurat el 1536.

La Universitat de Barcelona va ser suprimida el 1715, juntament amb totes les universitats catalanes (Tarragona, Girona, Solsona, Vic i Lleida): en virtut del Decret de Nova Planta, totes les universitats del país van desaparèixer per a formar-ne una de nova amb seu a Cervera (la Segarra). El motiu del trasllat a Cervera va ser que com a recompensa del suport dels cerverins cap a Felip d'Anjou en la Guerra de Successió, aquests van demanar tenir a la ciutat drets portuaris. Felip V va desestimar aquesta petició, però a canvi va concedir moure instal·lar a Cervera l'única universitat que hi hauria a Catalunya durant uns 150 anys, fins que va retornar a Barcelona altra vegada al segle XIX. Allí van formar-se, per exemple, Jaume Balmes o Josep Finestres.

Article principal: Universitat de Cervera

El 1837 va començar de nou el trasllat de la universitat: la de Cervera va ser suprimida i es va acordar que la universitat tornés a Barcelona. El trasllat va durar cinc anys, acabant el 1842. La Universitat de Barcelona, ja amb aquest nom, va ser llavors l'única universitat en funcionament a Catalunya.

El curs 1838-1839 comença a funcionar a Barcelona, on ocupà primer l'antic convent dels carmelites (al carrer del Carme, a l'alçada del carrer del Doctor Dou). La situació de l'edifici, en mal estat de conservació després dels avalots de 1835, aconsellava la construcció d'una nova seu. Elies Rogent va rebre'n l'encàrrec, començant les obres el 1863 i acabant-se en 1882. Era un edifici de nova construcció a l'Eixample, però a tocar de la ciutat antiga; actualment és conegut com a Edifici Històric). S'hi feien totes les classes, llevat de les de medicina, que es donaven a l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i, des del 1905, a l'Hospital Clínic.

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Universitat de Barcelona (Barcelona's university)

Edifici històric (historical building).

Architect, Elies Rogent, 1863-1872

Year of construction: 1863-1872

Address: Av. Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585

University of Barcelona, institution:

The University was founded under the royal prerogative granted by Alfonso V of Aragon, in Naples, on 3 November 1450. For forty-nine years prior to this, however, the city had had a fledgling medical school (or Estudi General, as the universities were known at that time), founded by King Martin of Aragon, but neither the Consell de Cent (Barcelona's Council of One Hundred) nor the city’s other leading institutions had given it their official recognition, considering it an intrusion on their respective jurisdictions. Alphonse the Magnanimous’ prerogative, though, was granted at the petition of the Consell de Cent, and so the council was always to consider the Estudi General created in 1450 as the city’s true university, since it was very much under its control and patronage.

The process that culminated in the foundation of the Estudi General of Barcelona can be traced back to the end of the fourteenth century, with the opening of a number of schools under the patronage of the City Hall, the cathedral schools and the Dominican convent of Santa Caterina, which established itself as a major cultural centre.

It was King Martín the Humane who set in motion the process that would result in the foundation of the University of Barcelona. In his letter written 23 January 1398 and addressed to the councillors of Barcelona, he informed them that he had sought the Pope’s permission to found a university in the city by Juan Carlos IX

Despite the Consell de Cent's refusal to accept the concession issued by the King to found an estudi general, on 10 January 1401, Martín founded the Estudi General of Medicine in Barcelona under his royal prerogative, granting it the same privileges as those enjoyed by the University of Montpellier.

In another document, signed in Valencia on 9 May 1402, King Martin sought to promote the Estudi General of Medicine with the appointment of a number of teachers of the liberal arts, without which the study of medicine was virtually useless. From that day forth, the Estudi was known as the Estudi of Medicine and the Arts.

The prerogative granted by King Alphonse the Magnanimous in 1450, authorizing the Consell de Cent to found a university in Barcelona, was the culmination of the process initiated in 1398.

The first university in the lands of the Crown of Aragon was founded by king James II of Aragon in Lleida in 1300.

Power and learning have always gone hand in hand. So much so that the discussions concerning the foundation of the first universities were characterized by the clear delimitation of jurisdictional authority. After 1229, and following a series of bloody encounters in Paris that saw grave confrontations between the agents of the university provost and the students, King Philip II of Spain granted full judicial authority to the university chancellor or rector within the university grounds. Henceforth, the authority of the chancellor came to be symbolized in the maces carried by his two beadles on official occasions. The maces were capped with gold or silver and were borne by public servants during official acts before the king or any other civil or military authority with jurisdiction over a territory, municipality or region.

For a number of reasons, in particular the civil war that raged during the reign of Joan II and the subsequent conflicts involving the peasant farmers, the official Estudi General of Barcelona did not begin to develop until the reign of Fernando the Catholic; but it was under Charles I, in 1536, that the foundation stone was laid for the new university building at the top end of La Rambla. From that moment on the university began to carry out its work as normal despite financial difficulties and in-fighting between university teachers, though this was not to stop some illustrious professors from making their mark in their respective fields and creating their own schools of academic followers.

The 1596 Ordinances once more showed the need for reform. These followed hard on the heels of earlier Ordinances passed in 1539 and 1559, in which the competitive examination system for the appointment of professors had been introduced.

This period was brought to a close with the Decree issued on 23 October 1714 by the Royal High Commission for Justice and Government of Catalonia - created by the Duke of Berwick - ordering the immediate transfer of the Faculties of Philosophy, Law and Canon Law to Cervera. Barcelona was to keep its Faculty of Medicine and the Cordelles School of Humanities, governed by the Jesuits. Plans to open the University of Cervera did not get underway until 1715 and it did not start its academic work until 1717, as the successor to the six Catalan universities closed down by Felipe V. The first statutes of the new University of Cervera were passed in 1725.

"The University of Barcelona was closed by the Bourbon dynasty after the War of the Spanish Succession from 1714 until 1837".[1] The university was restored to Barcelona during the liberal revolution during the reign of Isabel II. In 1837, the University of Cervera was transferred to Barcelona, the capital of the principality. From that moment forth it was recognized as the cultural home of the four Catalan provinces.

On its return the University was housed initially in the Convent of Carme, which had been disestablished a few years earlier. Here the Faculties of Canon Law, Law and Theology were provisionally installed. The Faculty of Medicine took up residence in the Royal Academy of Medicine, next door to the Hospital of Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Thus, all the Faculties were now located in just two streets - carrer Hospital and carrer del Carme.

The inadequate nature of these premises soon gave rise to the need to construct a larger home for the University, and in 1863 work began on Elies Rogent's splendid new building, though it would not be fully completed until 1882. Its construction was to have major repercussions for the city, since it was one of the first buildings to be raised outside the ancient city walls.

Work on the building lasted for more than twenty years, although by 1871 the first lectures were being given there. The clock and the iron bell housed in the tower in the Pati de Lletres— the "Patio of the Arts"— were installed in 1881. Complementing the building work, sculptures and paintings were commissioned either directly from artists of repute or awarded in open competition.

The architectural work and the quality of the building's works of art meant that the historic building was declared a national monument of historic and artistic interest in 1970.

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Universidad de Barcelona, institución:

Los orígenes de la UB se remontan a la época de Martín I, el humano, el cual quiso otorgar a Barcelona El estudio de la medicina. Delante de esta situación, la organización del Consejo de ciento se negó.

En época de Alfonso, el magnánimo la UB se inauguró en 1450 por una bula otorgada previamente por el Papa. Tres siglos más tarde, en el siglo XVIII, la sede fue trasladada a Cervera (Lérida) en agradecimiento a los habitantes por dar apoyo a Felipe de Anjou durante la Guerra de Sucesión Española.

En 1842 la sede volvió a Barcelona ocupando unos antiguos palacios de la calle del Carme y más tarde un edificio nuevo en l'Eixample construido por Elies Rogent. 90 años más tarde, el gobierno de la Primera República otorgó a la UB autonomía propia, pasándose a llamar Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (no confundirse con la actual UAB). Pero con la llegada de la dictadura de Franco, la autonomía fue derogada en 1939, entrando en una época de decadencia: gran parte del profesorado fue sustituido por docentes acordes al nuevo régimen que terminó con un periodo de crisis intelectual.

La UB fue la única universidad de Cataluña y las Islas Baleares existente hasta 1968, cuando se inició un proceso que duró hasta la década de los 90 que originó el resto de universidades catalanas y la Universidad de las Islas Baleares. Paralelamente, la propia UB inició un proyecto de expansión, creando diferentes facultades por todo el territorio barcelonés: el campus de Pedralbes, de Sants, de Bellvitge y Mundet.

Walking the streets of VICTORIA, BC you couldn’t miss this.

A shot I took of The Rosenbauer RTX, is an agile and climate-friendly emergency response vehicle with enhanced features and safety for Victoria’s firefighters.

📷 Follow me on Instagram alexk 📷

20220501-17-42-26-akurz-L1002383_x

Thanks everyone for 100 followers!

Status update:

Took a little break from lego due to life stuff and a slight creativity block. My plan is to finish the Galveston in the next couple months (fingers crossed). I've got tons of ideas, but putting them into a design I'm 100% satisfied with is the real challenge.

Happy building!

Hey guys,

Well last night I passed 300(+) followers! :D

I'm super excited!

Thanks for all of the support!

~RBC

Follower of Bernard Palissy, platter, last quarter of the 16th century, lead-glazed earthenware, 52.1 x 39.7 x 7.1 cm (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)

Learn More on Smarthistory

somehow I've missed my 25th follower, so I take the opportunity with the 30th to say Thank You to everybody out there who likes and comments on my pictures.

Thirty might not mean much to some of you, but I'm just an amateur with a quite narrow portefolio and a cheap p&s camera, so I am happy about each and every follower.

KDD Sushi&Twitters Valencia.

Aquí estamos todos (yo detrás de la cámara). Abridla en grande por que los del fondo se verán muy pequeñetes.

Now I've reached 50 followers! Thank you all for your support! (despite my infrequent visits)

Foto: Rodrigo W. Blum

Foto: Rodrigo W. Blum

Follower of Samuel Scott - A view of St Paul's Cathedral and old London bridge from the Thames

via Instagram ift.tt/2dmZJ9I

102 to be exact! ;)

Thanks so much guys! I have enjoyed my 4/5 month's on Flickr very much so far! :)

I always want that children love the trees and be close to nature. In the jungle of concrete that surrounds them children should be encouraged to visit parks and appreciate the green. Here children are acting like followers of Chipko movement.

The Chipko movement (literally "to stick" in Hindi/Urdu) is a socio-ecological movement that practised the non-violent resistance, through the act of hugging trees to protect them from being felled.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipko_movement

When posting on Social Media please use the following on your post's description:

Insta: 📷 @DarkerThanTheSun

And if you want to, you may also tell your followers to check out more theatre photography at my instagram 😊

At first I wanted to make a follower based on Eir Stegalkin from Guild Wars 2 since I downloaded Muscular Women (a mod that changes the meshes of nords and orcs women), but then I took another road.. and I made Ionia. The warpaint is a grunge brush randomly splashed.

How to Attract Instagram Followers Faster? 23 Mind-Blowing Tips That Really Works. Like any product, you will require a market before starting with sales. Your followers are your market in Instagram.

quickfansandlikes.com/blog/instagram-followers-fast/

Hey everyone,

Yesterday I passed the 200 followers (or contacts) mark.

Thank you for all the support you all have given me over the last year and a half, it means a lot.

More builds coming soon, including the unveiling of the next LoR dragon!

Have a blessed day!

~RBC

On the morning of Sunday, June 28th, 2015, in the ten o'clock hour, temperatures here in Moses Lake, WA are in the mid-90's. As I am writing this message to each and every one of you, I am under the cold AC sipping a cup of freshly brewed coffee, and want to thank each and every one of you for everything. I have had this Flickr account for a little over three years and at first, wasn't too sure what to make out of it as well as not being too sure how to continue being passionate about the fine art of landscape photography.

Since I was a kid, I have had many hobbies; I've collected comic books and trading cards, action figures, video games, reading history textbooks, reading maps, writing, painting and drawing. However, of all of the hobbies I have had, I have to say that the one hobby I have maintained and am maintaining a solid and consistent interest in is landscape photography. At the time of this writing, I currently check-in at 950,059 views. I couldn't have done this without any of you; so my dear Flickr friends, followers and viewers, I deeply thank you for your friendship, feedback, comments, faves, views, constructive criticism, and your presence.

During life's somber moments; losing my mother to stage 4 breast cancer while on my third day of student teaching back in early 2014, surviving my first year of teaching at McFarland Middle School in Othello, WA, having friends who I've looked out for when they needed help turn against me the moment I needed help and numerous disappointments on the relationship / dating front, landscape photography has been one of the few entities that has been there for me each and every step of the way. It is a pleasure to capture captivating landscapes not just for my sake, but for an audience and nature's preservation. I thank you very much for everything in many ways you may never imagine.

Today, I stand at just a little over 950,000 views; tomorrow, I stand at one-million and beyond!! Let's continue living life, continue practicing and honing our respected photographic-based crafts and supporting one-another. Again, I thank each and every one of you for all of the support you've given me since early February 2012!! Thank you, and have a great day!! Happy shooting, and keep it shob (slang for sharp)!!

--Chance (Pacific Northwest / Northern California Surveyor)

AKA Doctor Love