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BIG 5. Rhino. Kruger National Park. South Africa. Oct/2020
Rhino
A rhinoceros, commonly abbreviated to 'rhino', is one of any five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae, as well as any of the numerous extinct species. Two of the extant species are native to Africa and three to Southern Asia. The term "rhinoceros" is often more broadly applied to now extinct relatives of the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea.
Members of the rhinoceros family are some of the largest remaining megafauna, with all species able to reach or exceed one tonne in weight. They have a herbivorous diet, small brains (400–600 g) for mammals of their size, one or two horns, and a thick (1.5–5 cm) protective skin formed from layers of collagen positioned in a lattice structure. They generally eat leafy material, although their ability to ferment food in their hindgut allows them to subsist on more fibrous plant matter when necessary. Unlike other perissodactyls, the two African species of rhinoceros lack teeth at the front of their mouths, relying instead on their lips to pluck food.[1]
Rhinoceros are killed by some humans for their horns, which are bought and sold on the black market, and used by some cultures for ornaments or traditional medicine. East Asia, specifically Vietnam, is the largest market for rhino horns. By weight, rhino horns cost as much as gold on the black market. People grind up the horns and consume them, believing the dust has therapeutic properties. The horns are made of keratin, the same type of protein that makes up hair and fingernails. Both African species and the Sumatran rhinoceros have two horns, while the Indian and Javan rhinoceros have a single horn. The IUCN Red List identifies the Black, Javan, and Sumatran rhinoceros as critically endangered
The black rhinoceros or hook-lipped rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) is a species of rhinoceros, native to eastern and southern Africa including Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Although the rhinoceros is referred to as black, its colors vary from brown to grey.
The other African rhinoceros is the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). The word "white" in the name "white rhinoceros" is often said to be a misinterpretation of the Afrikaans word wyd (Dutch wijd) meaning wide, referring to its square upper lip, as opposed to the pointed or hooked lip of the black rhinoceros. These species are now sometimes referred to as the square-lipped (for white) or hook-lipped (for black) rhinoceros.
The species overall is classified as critically endangered (even though the South-western black rhinoceros is classified as vulnerable). Three subspecies have been declared extinct, including the western black rhinoceros, which was declared extinct by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2011
Source: Wikipedia
Rinoceronte
Os rinocerontes são cocomamíferos perissodáctilos (ungulados de dedos ímpares) da família Rhinocerontidae, que ocorrem na África e na Ásia. Atualmente, existem cinco espécies distribuídas em quatro gêneros. Duas ocorrem na África, o rinoceronte-branco (Ceratotherium simum) e o rinoceronte-negro (Diceros bicornis); e três ocorrem na Ásia, o rinoceronte-de-sumatra (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis), o rinoceronte-de-java (Rhinoceros sondaicus) e o rinoceronte-indiano (Rhinoceros unicornis).
Vivem geralmente isolados, em savanas ou florestas onde possam encontrar água diariamente. São especialmente protegidos na África, por fazerem parte do grupo dos cinco grandes mamíferos selvagens de grande porte mais difíceis de serem caçados pelo homem, sendo então uma das grandes atrações turísticas do continente. Contudo, a caça furtiva continua afetando as populações de rinocerontes.
O rinoceronte-negro (nome científico: Diceros bicornis) é uma espécie de rinoceronte, nativa do leste, sul e centro da África, incluindo o Quênia, Tanzânia, Camarões, África do Sul, Namíbia, Zimbábue e Angola. Embora referido como "negro", sua cor varia do marrom ao cinza.
O outro rinoceronte africano é o rinoceronte-branco (Ceratotherium simum). A palavra "branco" no nome é frequentemente dita como um erro na tradução da palavra africâner wyd, que significa largo, referindo-se ao lábio superior em forma de quadrado, em oposição ao lábio pontudo do rinoceronte-negro.[3]
A espécie é classifica como criticamente em perigo, mas três subespécies já foram declaradas extintas, como declarado pela IUCN em 2011
Fonte: Wikipedia
Kruger National Park
Kruger National Park is one of the largest game reserves in Africa. It covers an area of around 20,000 square kilometres in the provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga in northeastern South Africa, and extends 360 kilometres (220 mi) from north to south and 65 kilometres (40 mi) from east to west.
Source: Wikipedia
Parque Nacional Kruger
O Parque Nacional Kruger é a maior área protegida de fauna bravia da África do Sul, cobrindo cerca de 20 000 km2. Está localizado no nordeste do país, nas províncias de Mpumalanga e Limpopo e tem uma extensão de cerca de 360 km de norte a sul e 65 km de leste a oeste.
Os parques nacionais africanos, nas regiões da savana africana são importantes pelo turismo com safári de observação e fotográfico.
O seu nome foi dado em homenagem a Stephanus Johannes Paul Kruger, último presidente da República Sul-Africana bôere. Foi criado em 31 de Maio de 1926
Fonte: Wikipedia
GW 10XX "County" 4-6-0 no. 1011 COUNTY OF CHESTER is between Codsall and Albrighton on the former GWR Wolverhampton - Shrewsbury main line with the Talyllyn Railway annual special train to Tywyn on 26th. September 1964.
At the time of this photograph no. 1011 was the last of its class still in service on British Railways, the other members all being officially withdrawn by the end of July 1964. 1011 survived for a short time longer until November 1964 when the class finally became extinct, however a new loco of the type is currently (April 2016) under construction at Didcot.
T. xanion
The moa-nalo were a group of aberrant, goose-like ducks that lived on the larger Hawaiian Islands, except for the island of Hawai'i itself, in the north-eastern Central Pacific. They were the major herbivores on most of these oceanic land masses for the last 3 million years or so, until they became extinct after human settlement - about 1000 AD.
Unknown to science until the early 1980s, when their subfossil remains were discovered in sand dunes on the islands of Moloka'i and Kaua'i. Subsequently bones were found on Maui, O'ahu, and Lana'i, in lava tubes, lake beds and sinkholes.
They represent four species in three genera so far: Chelychelynechen quassus from Kaua'i, | Ptaiochen pau from Maui, | Thambetochen xanion from O'ahu, | Thambetochen chauliodous from Maui, Lana'i and Moloka'i (Maui Nui).
Chelychelynechen, meaning turtle-jawed goose, had a large heavy bill like that of a tortoise, while the other two genera, Thambetochen and Ptaiochen all had serrations in their bills known as pseudoteeth, similar to those of mergansers. Ferns (possibly Asplenium nidus and / or Dryopteris wallichiana) and likely various Hawaiian lobelioids being a primary diet.
- All species were flightless.
Info. Wiki
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Nelumbo is a genus of aquatic plants with large, showy flowers resembling water lilies, commonly known as lotus. The generic name is derived from the Sinhalese word Nelum. There are two confusingly similar living species in the genus. The Sacred lotus (N. nucifera) is better known. Native to Asia, it is commonly cultivated, and also used in Chinese medicine and cooking. This species is the national flower of Egypt, India and Vietnam. The American lotus (N. lutea) is native to North America and the Caribbean. Horticultural hybrids have been produced between these two geographically separated species. A third, extinct species (Nelumbo aureavallis) is known from Eocene fossils from North Dakota, USA.
There is residual disagreement over which family the genus should be placed in. Traditional classification systems recognized Nelumbo as part of the Nymphaeaceae (water lily) family, but traditional taxonomists were likely misled by evolutionary convergences associated with an evolutionary shift from a terrestrial to an aquatic lifestyle. In the older classification systems it was recognized under the biological order Nymphaeales or Nelumbonales. Nelumbo is currently recognized as its own family, Nelumbonaceae, as one of several distinctive families in the eudicot order Proteales. Its closest living relatives, the (Proteaceae and Platanaceae), are shrubs or trees. (wikipedia)
The Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus americanus) of Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York – This unique sea-dwelling rabbit, which is actually a close relative of the sea lion, was officially discovered and investigated by Henry Hudson when he first visited this land to colonize the area by order of the Dutch government. It was named New Amsterdam -- today’s New York City. This island was named after he saw the beach covered with strange swimming wild rabbits. The word “Coney Island” means “wild rabbit island” in Dutch (originally Conyne Eylandt, or Konijneneiland in modern Dutch spelling). Sea rabbits were also referred mermaid rabbit, merrabbit, rabbit fish or seal rabbit in the natural history documents in the 17th century. The current conservation status, or risk of extinction, of the sea rabbit is Extinct in the Wild.
This website features two species of sea rabbits, which have been taken care of by Dr. Takeshi Yamada (山田武司) at the Coney Island Sea Rabbit Repopulation Center, which is a part of the Marine biology department of the Coney Island University in Brooklyn, New York. They are – Coney Island Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus americanus) called “Seara” and Coney Island Tiger-striped Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus konjinicus) called “Stripes”.
The photographs and videos featured in this website chronicle adventures of the Coney Island sea rabbits and the world as seen by them. This article also documented efforts of Dr. Takeshi Yamada for bringing back the nearly extinct sea rabbits to Coney Island in the City of New York and beyond. Dr. Yamada produced a series of public lectures, workshops, original public live interactive fine art performances and fine art exhibitions about sea rabbits at a variety of occasions and institutions in the City of New York and beyond. Dr. Yamada is an internationally active educator, book author, wildlife conservationist and high profile artist, who lives and works in Brooklyn, New York.
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Sea Rabbit
Other Common Names: Coney Island Sea Rabbit, Beach Rabbit, Seal Rabbit, mer-rabbit, merrabbit, Atlantic Sea Rabbit.
Latin Name: Monafluffchus americanus
Origin: Atlantic coast of the United States
Description of the specimen: In the early 17th century’s European fur craze drove the fleet of Dutch ships to the eastern costal area of America. Then Holland was the center of the world just like the Italy was in the previous century. New York City was once called New Amsterdam when Dutch merchants landed and established colonies. Among them, Henry Hudson is probably the most recognized individual in the history of New York City today. “This small island is inhabited by two major creatures which we do not have in our homeland. The one creature is a large arthropod made of three body segments: the frontal segment resembles a horseshoe, the middle segment resembles a spiny crab and its tail resembles a sharp sword. Although they gather beaches here in great numbers, they are not edible due to their extremely offensive odor. Another creature which is abundant here, has the head of wild rabbit. This animal of great swimming ability has frontal legs resemble the webbed feet of a duck. The bottom half of the body resembles that of a seal. This docile rabbit of the sea is easy to catch as it does not fear people. The larger male sea rabbits control harems of 20 to 25 females. The meat of the sea rabbit is very tender and tasty.” This is what Hadson wrote in his personal journal in 1609 about the horseshoe crab and the sea rabbit in today’s Coney Island area of Brooklyn, New York. Sadly, just like the Dodo bird and the Thylacine, the sea rabbit was driven to extinction by the European settlers’ greed. When Dutch merchants and traders arrived here, sea rabbits were one of the first animals they hunted down to bring their furs to homeland to satisfy the fur craze of the time. To increase the shipment volume of furs of sea rabbit and beavers from New Amsterdam, Dutch merchants also started using wampum (beads made of special clam shells) as the first official currency of this country.
At the North Eastern shores of the United States, two species of sea rabbits were commonly found. They are Coney Island Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus americanus) and Coney Island Tiger-striped Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus konjinicus). Sadly, due to their over harvesting in the previous centuries, their conservation status became “Extinct in the Wild” (ET) in the Red List Endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Currently, these sea rabbits are only found at breeding centers at selected zoos and universities such as Coney Island Aquarium and Coney Island University in Brooklyn, New York. The one shown in this photograph was named "Seara" and has been cared by Dr. Takeshi Yamada at Coney Island University.
The sea rabbit is one of the families of the Pinniped order. Pinnipeds (from Latin penna = flat and pes/pedis = foot) are sea-mammals: they are homeothermic (i.e having high and regulated inner temperature), lung-breathing (i.e dependant on atmospheric oxygen) animals having come back to semi aquatic life. As soon as they arrive ashore, females are caught by the nearest adult male. Males can maintain harems of about 20 females on average. Several hours to several days after arriving ashore, pregnant females give birth to eight to ten pups with a dark brown fur. As soon as birth occurs, the mother’s special smell and calls help her pups bond specifically to her. The mother stays ashore with her pup for about one week during which the pup gains weight. During the first week spent with her newborn, the mother becomes receptive. She will be impregnated by the bull, which control the harem. Implantation of the embryo will occur 3 months later, in March-April. During the reproductive period, the best males copulate with several tens females. To do so, males have to stay ashore without feeding in order to keep their territory and their harem. In mid-January, when the last females have been fecundated, males leave at sea to feed. Some of them will come back later in March-April for the moult. The other ones will stay at sea and will come back on Coney Island only in next November. After fecundation, the mother goes at sea for her first meal. At sea, mothers feed on clams, crabs, shrimps, fish (herring, anchovy, Pollock, capelin etc.) and squids. When she is back, the mother recovers her pups at the beach she left them. Suckling occurs after auditive and olfactory recognition had occured. In March-April, the dark brown fur is totally replaced by an adult-like light brownish grey fur during the moult that lasts 1-2 months. This new fur is composed by 2 layers. Externally, the guard fur is composed by flat hairs that recover themselves when wet. By doing so, they make a water-proof barrier for the under fur. The underfur retains air when the seal is dry. Because of isolating properties of the air, the underfur is the insulating system of the fur. In March-April, the fur of adults is partially replaced. First reproduction occurs at 1-yr old in females. Males are physiologically matures at 1 year old but socially matures at +2 years old.
NOTE: The name of Coney Island is commonly thought to be derived from the Dutch Konijn Eylandt or Rabbit Island as apparently the 17th century European settlers noted many rabbits running amuck on the island.
www.takeshiyamada.weebly.com/performances.html
www.takeshiyamada.weebly.com/sea-rabbit-center.html
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www.flickr.com/photos/searabbits23/
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www.flickr.com/photos/diningwithsearabbits03
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www.flickr.com/photos/yamadaimmortalized2/
www.flickr.com/photos/takeshiyamadaimmortalized/
www.flickr.com/photos/yamadabellhouse2014/
www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders3/
www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders2
www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders/
www.flickr.com/photos/takeshiyamadapaintings/
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For any questions, please email contact Takeshi Yamada, Art & Rogue Taxidermy, Museum of World Wonders, official website. www.takeshiyamada.weebly.com/
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For any questions, please contact Dr. Takeshi Yamada. His email address is posted in the chapter page (the last page or the first page).
(Updated April 7, 2015)
'Endangered and Extinct' by creative recycling artist Val Hunt, an exhibition at Gloucester Cathedral, Saturday 26 September-Sunday 1 November 2020 in the Cloisters
From the Cathedral's website:
"This exhibition presents a subtle message about recycling and preservation, raising awareness of why the creatures on show are endangered or extinct...
Having worked for the past 29 years as a professional maker, Val Hunt continues to be amazed at the versatility of creative recycling. There is an enormous variety of discarded material just waiting to be reconstructed and given a new identity, especially Val's favourite material of drinks can metal. Intricate constructions and interesting textures are key elements found in her work, humour is also an added ingredient whenever possible.
Through experimentation, ingenuity and skill her work is always changing as she discovers new techniques and ways of constructing recycled materials to signal a new meaning. Her works recycles a diverse selection of throwaway material, from these she creates a fascinating selection of large and small sculptural pieces which are both appealing and informative.
Despite her use of manufactured materials, her main inspiration comes from the natural world. Val has a special interest in endangered and extinct species and most of her work reflects this. She makes animals, exotic birds, dinosaurs, insects and species of flora all on the edge or now extinct.
The increasing awareness of the effects of pollution, climate change, plastic in the Ocean and environment destruction on the habitat have influenced Val's work. She now dedicates her making to highlighting the plight of species that are on the edge or gone forever in her touring educational exhibition 'Endangered and Extinct'...
Val's work has been shown in exhibitions around the UK, Denmark, Japan, United Emirates, USA and toured overseas with the British Council. She has work in many permanent collections."
The divine songs
of whales & dolphines
keep the oceans
& thus our entire creation together
for ages they took care of us
but now we are on our way
to extinct them
from the face of this planet
The crystal blue lagoons
where they used to dwell
are now their poisoned dooms
A fossil Camptostroma roddyi -- an extinct echinoderm -- on display in the Sant Hall of Oceans in the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History.
Enchinoderms are animals like sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers.
Camptostroma lived in the early Cambrian era, about 542 million years ago.
This fossil was found in the Kinzers Formation in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. In life, this animal looked like a muffin or cupcake. Its internal skeleton had five thin walls extending in equidistant directions -- like a star.
The Sant Hall of Oceans is the largest exhibit space in the museum, with 674 specimens and models in a 23,000-square-foot (2,136 sq. m) exhibition space. The hall features a replica of a 45-foot (13.7 m) long North Atlantic right whale and two preserved giant squid (one an adult, one a juvenile).
The hall is named for Victoria and Roger Sant of Washington, D.C., who donated $15 million to create and endow the hall. It opened in 2008. The exhibits, displays, videos, and signage in the hall was created in partnership with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to show the ocean as a global system.
CABALLO FÓSIL SUDAMERICANO ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Cavalo fóssil sulamericano - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
A mounted skeleton of Southamerican extinct Horse ........................
†Hippidion (= †Hippidium)
Orden: Perissodactyla (Perisodáctilos) ... Familia: Equidae (Équidos)
Ejemplar que vivió hace 10.000 años en Luján,
provincia de Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA.
Hippidion es un género de equinos primitivos, endémico de América del Sur, encontrado desde el Plioceno tardío en sedimentos de la edad mamífero Uquiense, en la localidad de Uquía, Jujuy, Argentina.
Desciende de equinos que formaron parte del grupo de mamíferos invasores que ingresaron a la América del Sur sobre el final del Terciario, como consecuencia del levantamiento del istmo de Panamá, que generó la conexión entre ambas Américas a través de este "puente panameño", acontecimiento ocurrido aproximadamente unos 3 millones de años antesdel presente, y que unió definitivamente las faunas de América del Norte con las del Sur.
Se distingue por la retracción de la hendidura nasal hasta el nivel de M2 o posterior a M3.
Como resultado de esta retracción, el nasal se estrecha y se alarga formando una especie de estilete.
Esto afecta la conformación del cráneo donde, debido a la retracción de la hendidura nasal, los huesos nasales se proyectan libremente formando una visera o saliente pronunciada.
Por otra parte, es notable la conformación de las extremidades, proporcionalmente cortas y anchas, que le confieren al animal un aspecto macizo y robusto que el caballo doméstico.
Con un peso cercano a los 400 kilos.
Un gran número de sus restos se hallaron en sitios arqueológicos, y se corroboró su utilización como fuente de alimento, aunque este caballo primitivo no llegó a ser domesticado por los aborígenes.
Estos paleoindios convivieron con los équidos durante 4.000 años, cazándolos tan intensamente que las especies no soportaron semejante presión de captura y terminaron por extinguirse.
En la Argentina fueron abundantes, especialmente en las pampas, pero cubrieron casi todo el país y sus vecinos, habitando incluso en el altiplano andino o puneño, siendo encontrado en ambientes por sobre los 4.000 metros, por ejemplo en el Salar del Surire, en el sector altiplánico chileno.
El género †Hippidion está compuesto por tres especies:
Hippidion saldiasi Roth, 1899 (= Onohippidium saldiasi)
Es la especie más pequeña y robusta del género.
Estaba adaptada a condiciones ambientales extremas, vivió en épocas recientes (13.000 a 8.000 años antes del presente) en la Región Patagónica argentina, y sectores limítrofes del sur de Chile; y tal vez, también en la Puna jujeña.
Hippidion principale (Lund,1845)
Esta es la especie que caracteriza al género, descripta en base a restos encontrados el la localidad brasileña de Lagoa Santa.
Es la especie más grande del género.
Fue encontrado también en Tarija Bolivia (los mayores de la especie); en Buenos Aires Argentina; Chacabuco Chile; y en el departamento Artigas del Uruguay (los menores de la especie).
Entre las especies que han entrado en su sinonimia se encuentran: Hippidion chilensis, Hippidion bonaerense, y Onohippidium munizi.
Hippidion devillei (Gervais, 1855)
Es una especie de tamaño intermedio entre las otras dos.
Se distingue por la retracción de la escotadura nasal a nivel del mesostilo del M2.
El perfil es convexo, sin inflexión naso-frontal.
Fue encontrada primeramente en Tarija Bolivia; en la quebrada de Humahuaca Jujuy, y en Buenos Aires Argentina, con ejemplares algo distintos, y un poco mayores.
También se encontró en la localidad de Tirapata, en el Perú.
Entre las especies que han entrado en su sinonimia se encuentran: Hippidion bolivianum, Hypohippidion humahuaquense, Onohippidium devillei, y Onohippidium peruanum.
La provincia de Buenos Aires fue el hábitat de, por lo menos dos especies:
Hippidion principale ; vivia en el Lujanense (Pleistoceno tardío al Holoceno temprano), encontrado en: Lobería, Mercedes, Arroyo Seco, etc.
Hippidion devillei ; era un equino abundante en el Ensenadense (Pleistoceno temprano), encontrado en: Olivos, Puerto de La Plata, etc.
( 1 de febrero de 2010 )
Museo de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia,
ciudad de Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA.
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fotografía fotografías foto fotos photo photos imaje imajes imágenes imagen imajenes imajen picture pictures , Fauna de Argentina , Fauna de la Argentina , Fauna argentina , Mamíferos de Argentina , Mamíferos de la Argentina , Mamíferos argentinos , Animales argentinos , Animales de Argentina , Animales de la Argentina , Mammals of Argentina , Argentina's mammals , Argentine mammals , Argentinian mammals , Argentine mammalians , Argentina´s animals , Argentine animals , Argentinian animals , Animals of Argentina , Pleistocene megafauna , Mammals of Pleistocene , Pleistocene mammals , Pleistocene mammalians , Pleistocene extinctions , Mamíferos del Pleistoceno , Mamíferos do Pleistoceno , Prehistoric mammals of South America , Animais pré-históricos , Extinct mammals , Extinct animals , Mammifère préhistorique , pampas sud-américaines , Prehistoric mammals of South America , Prehistoric mammals of Argentina , Argentina´s Prehistoric mammals , Argentinian , Argentine Prehistoric mammals , Animales extinguidos de Argentina , Animales extinguidos de la Argentina , Mamíferos extintos de Argentina , Especies extintas en la prehistoria , Quaternary Extinctions , Prehistoric sloths , Zahnarme , Ausgestorbenes Säugetier , Pelosi , Fósseis do Brasil , Fósseis brasileiros , Mammiferi fossili , Mammifère préhistorique , Luiaarden en miereneters , Uitgestorven zoogdier , Pleistoceen , Megafauna estinta , Cavalo Cavalos , Equini , Equidi , konji , lihoprsti kopitarji , 奇蹄目 , 马科 , കുടുംബം ,നിര, 奇蹄目 , ウマ科, Onevenhoevigen , Paardachtigen , Uddatåiga hovdjur , Hästdjur , Tek toynaklılar , Uparrettåede hovdyr , hestefamilien , Atgiller , Unpaarhufer , Perissodactylaren , Pferde , Koňovité , Nepárnokopytníky , Neporakanopiai , Arkliniai , Heste , équidé , équidés , Caballos de Argentina , Argentina´s horses , horses of Argentina , Argentinian Horses , Argentine Horses , Razas de Equinos , argentinischer , Animales argentinos , Animales de Argentina , Animales de la Argentina , Argentina´s animals , Argentine animals , Argentinian animals , Animals of Argentina , Horse breed , List of horse breeds , Horse breeding , Razas equinas , Razas de caballos , Raças de cavalo , Pferderasse , Razze equine , Race chevaline , Arklių veislių sąrašas , över hästraser , paardenrassen , hynsterassen , lófajták , Породи коне , Luettelo hevosroduista , Seznam plemen koní , 馬の品種の一覧 , 馬品種 , Prehistoric horses , Prehistoric mammals of South America , Argentine Pleistocene mammals , Pleistocene extinctions" "Megafauna of South America , Pampas Pleistocene Horses ,
Superdomain: Neomura
Domain: Eukaryota
(unranked): Unikonta
(unranked): Obazoa
(unranked): Opisthokonta
(unranked) Holozoa
(unranked) Filozoa
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
(unranked): Bilateria
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclass: Osteichthyes
Clade: Sarcopterygii
Class: Dipnoi
Order: Ceratodontiformes
Family: †Gnathorhizidae
Genus: †Namatozodia
Species: †N. pitikanta
GLIPTODONTE ~~~~~ Glyptodon clavipes , , , , (de izquierda a derecha)
PANOCTO ~~~~~~~~~ Panochtus intermedios
DOEDICURO ~~~~~~~ Doedicurus clavicaudatus
Prehistoric Glyptodonts (left to right) ...............................................
Superorden: Xenarthra ... Orden: Cingulata ... Familia: Glyptodontidae
Los Gliptodontes fueron grandes animales extinguidos, mucho mayores que el más grande de los armadillos modernos, con los cuales compartían el mismo orden, pero distinta familia.
Originalmente se desarrollaron durante el Mioceno de América del Sur, que continuó siendo su centro de mayor diversidad de especies.
Cuando el istmo de Panamá se formó, alrededor de tres millones de años atrás, varias especies se extendieron hacia el norte como parte del gran intercambio americano, al igual que los armadillos. La característica principal de los gliptodontes era la armadura de su cuerpo que recuerda al de una tortuga gigante, compuesto de segmentos de huesos llamados osteodermos o escudos.
Cada especie de gliptodonte tenía su propio patrón de osteodermos y cada tipo de caparazón.
Pero a diferencia de la mayoría de las tortugas, no podían esconder sus cabezas, por lo que desarrolló un casco óseo en la parte superior de su cráneo.
Incluso la cola tenía un anillo de huesos para su protección.
Doedicurus incluso poseía una gran maza en el extremo de la cola que se la utilizaba para luchar con otros Doedicurus y defenderse de sus depredadores.
Los Gliptodontes también tenía el tamaño de su lado, muchos como el género tipo Glyptodon, eran del tamaño de un Volkswagen Beetle (escarabajo).
En el momento en que evolucionaron, el principal depredador en la isla-continente de América del Sur fue el forusrácido (Phorusrhacidae) , que era un ave no voladora gigante y carnívora. Los gliptodontes eran herbívoros.
Al igual que muchos otros xenartros, no tenían incisivos o caninos, pero tenían una serie de muelas capaces de moler la dura vegetación. También tenían muy profundas mandíbulas, con grandes proyecciones óseas hacia abajo que anclaban poderosos músculos masticatorios.
Estas especies de gliptodóntidos vivían en sudamérica desde hace algunos millones de años atrás, desapareciendo completamente, junto con una enorme cantidad de géneros y especies de otros grandes mamíferos, hace unos 8.500 años, es decir, inicios del Holoceno, con claras evidencias de haber sido consumidos por los aborígenes.
Básicamente, se han propuesto tres explicaciones acerca de esta gigantesca extinción.
La primera es que el hombre fue un factor decisivo en la desaparición de esas especies, al producir una "sobrematanza" muy intensa durante un corto período.
La segunda es que la actividad de estas antiguas sociedades desencadenó en el medio ambiente modificaciones de una magnitud tal que las especies en cuestión no habrían podido superarlas (incendios, extinción de especies presas y las consecuencias que esos faltantes generaban en la vegetación, etc.).
La última es que el papel de la intervención humana fue en este sentido el de un simple "golpe de gracia" , dentro de un proceso natural de reducciones poblacionales.
En el aspecto físico los gliptodontes recordaban a los Ankylosauridae (anquilosaurianos), una familia de dinosaurios que vivieron entre156 y 65 millones de años atrás; como así también a la Meiolania, un género extinto de tortugas que sobrevivieron los últimos ejemplares hasta hace solo 2.000 años en Nueva Caledonia; ambos son ejemplos de evolución convergente, en donde linajes independientes concluyen en formas similares.
(3 de noviembre de 2009)
Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la ciudad de La Plata,
provincia de Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA.
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fotografía fotografías foto fotos photo photos imaje imajes imágenes imagen imajenes imajen picture pictures , Pansrade trögdjur , Gürteltiere , Bältdjur , Trögdjur , Páncélos vendégízületesek , Vendégízületesek , 犰狳科 , 貧齒目 , アリクイ目 , アルマジロ科 , Xenartri , Cingolati , mammiferos cingolatos , Gordeldieren , armadillos , quirquinchos , mulitas , tatues , tatús , Tatou , Mammifère Argentine , Faune endémique d'Amérique du Sud , Fauna de Argentina , Fauna de la Argentina , Fauna argentina , Mamíferos de Argentina , Mamíferos de la Argentina , Mamíferos argentinos , Animales argentinos , Animales de Argentina , Animales de la Argentina , Mammals of Argentina , Argentina's mammals , Argentine mammals , Argentinian mammals , Argentine mammalians , Argentina´s animals , Argentine animals , Argentinian animals , Animals of Argentina , Pleistocene megafauna , Mammals of Pleistocene , Pleistocene mammals , Pleistocene mammalians , Pleistocene extinctions , Mamíferos del Pleistoceno , Mamíferos do Pleistoceno , Prehistoric mammals of South America , Animais pré-históricos , Extinct mammals , Extinct animals , Mammifère préhistorique , pampas sud-américaines , Prehistoric mammals of South America , Prehistoric mammals of Argentina , Argentina´s Prehistoric mammals , Argentinian , Argentine Prehistoric mammals , Animales extinguidos de Argentina , Animales extinguidos de la Argentina , Mamíferos extintos de Argentina , Especies extintas en la prehistoria , Quaternary Extinctions , Prehistoric sloths , Zahnarme , Ausgestorbenes Säugetier , Pelosi , Mammiferi fossili , Mammifère préhistorique , Glyptodonten , Gepanzerte Nebengelenktiere , glittodontidi , gliptodontidi , Gordeldieren , Glyptodonfélék , Gliptodòntid , chudozubí , Gliptodòntids ,Gliptodonty , Глиптодонттар , Глиптодонты , 雕齒獸科 ,
Superdomain: Neomura
Domain: Eukaryota
(unranked): Unikonta
(unranked): Obazoa
(unranked): Opisthokonta
(unranked) Holozoa
(unranked) Filozoa
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
(unranked): Bilateria
(unranked): Protostomia
Superphylum: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Conchifera
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Littorinimorpha
Superfamily: Stromboidea
Family: †Thersiteidae
Genus: †Thersitea
Species: †T. ponderosa
The Valley is covered with mineral deposits that mark the location of extinct fumaroles. Black staining around these spots typically reflect magnetite or hematite. White zones may be enriched in silica and clay minerals. Orange to yellow staining indicates minerals such as limonite, geothite, or sulfur. NPS photo by M. Fitz.
Black Snowdrift or Black Glacier of Tronador mountain, a extinct stratovolcano in the southern Andes at the border between Argentina and Chile near the city of Bariloche, in Nahuel Huapi National Park, of Río Negro province, in Argentina 's patagonia
Imagen escaneada de una fotografía en papel.
( 25 de enero de 2002 )
Ventisquero Negro del Cerro Tronador , Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi,
departamento Bariloche, suroeste de la provincia de Río Negro,
en la región patagónica de ARGENTINA.
Es uno de los diez glaciares que ocupan la cumbre del Cerro Tronador, cerca de San Carlos de Bariloche.
Su denominación se debe a que el glaciar, a lo largo de su recorrido, incorpora sedimentaciones que le dan un color oscuro característico, diferenciándolo de los otros glaciares, que son normalmente blancos inmaculados.
Es posible caminar sobre él con ayuda de grampones; no se requiere tener experiencia previa, pero es necesaria la compañía de un guía autorizado.
Se localiza aproximadamente a 41°12′17″S 71°50′00″O / -41.20472, -71.833333, a una altitud de 1.000 msnm.
El cerro Tronador tiene una elevación de 3.478 msnm y lleva ese nombre debido a los rugidos que producen los desprendimientos de bloques de nieve.
Este glaciar en retroceso es alimentado por las constantes y estruendosas avalanchas de hielo que se desmoronan desde el glaciar Río Manso, unos 700 m más arriba, en la montaña.
En este glaciar nace el Río Manso superior, que naciendo en la Argentina desemboca en el Océano Pacífico de Chile.
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fotografía fotografías foto fotos photo photos imaje imajes imágenes imagen imajenes imajen picture pictures , Stratovolcanoes of Chile , Subduction volcanoes , Volcanoes of Argentina , Mountains of Argentina , Mountains of Chile , Geography of Río Negro Province , Geography of Los Lagos Region , Polygenetic volcanoes, Glaciares de Argentina , Glaciares de la Argentina, Glaciares argentinos , Atractivos turísticos en San Carlos de Bariloche, Turismo en San Carlos de Bariloche , vacaciones en Río Negro , vacaciones en San Carlos de Bariloche, Ecoturismo en Río Negro , Reservas provinciales de Río Negro , Reservas del Río Negro , Nature reserves of Río Negro , Nature reserves in Río Negro , Patagonia argentina , Argentina´s Tourism , Argentine Tourism , Argentinian Tourism , Atractivos turísticos de Río Negro, Atractivos turísticos de San Carlos de Bariloche, Atractivos turísticos en Río Negro , Atractivos turísticos en San Carlos de Bariloche , turismo en Río Negro , turismo en Bariloche, turismo de Bariloche, Imperdibles de Bariloche, Lugares para visitar , Sitios para conocer , Lugares para conocer , Atractivos turísticos en la cordillera del Río Negro , Turismo en la provincia de Río Negro , vacaciones en Río Negro , vacaciones en Argentina , vacaciones en la región de Bariloche , patagonia andina , patagonia argentina , Argentina´s Tourism , Argentine Tourism , Argentinian Tourism , Tourism in Argentina , Tourism in patagonia Argentina , turismo en la patagonia norte , que hacer en El Bolsón , Río Negro Turismo , Argentina sitios a visitar, productos turisticos, servicios, Fotos de San Carlos de Bariloche, Cordillera del Río Negro , Geografía de Bariloche, El Bolsón´s Tourism , Bariloche's Tourism , Río Negro Tourism , Tourism in San Carlos de Bariloche , Tourism in El Bolsón ,Tourism in Río Negro 's patagonia , Andes in Argentina , Geography of Río Negro Province , Geography of patagonia , Argentine Andes , Argentina geography stubs , image province argentine du Río Negro , Province de Río Negro , turismo en la patagonia cordillerana , que hacer en la comarca andina del paralelo 42 , Argentina geography stubs , Geography of Río Negro Province , Zone protégée d'Argentine , Province de Río Negro , Tourisme en Argentine , argentinischen Provinz Río Negro , Atlantikküste , Halbinsel Südamerika , Weltnaturerbe Amerika , Patagônia , Acidentes geográficos da Argentina América do Sul , riserva naturale ,Geografie van Argentinië , Natuur in Argentinië , Argentinië , prowincji Río Negro w Argentynie , Argentynie , Półwyspy Ameryki Południowej , Geografia Argentyny , Montañas de Chile , Montañas Chilenas , Cumbres de Chile , Cumbres Chilenas , Cerros de Chile , Cerros Chilenos , Montañas de la provincia de Río Negro , Geografía de la Región de Los Lagos ,Montañas de Argentina , Montañas de la Argentina , Montañas Argentinas , Cumbres de Argentina , Cumbres de la Argentina , Cumbres Argentinas , Cerros de Argentina , Cerros de la Argentina , Cerros Argentinos , Volcanes en Argentina , Volcanes de Argentina , Volcanes de la Argentina , Volcanes Argentinos , Volcanes de Chile , Volcanes Chilenos , Volcanes en Chile , Waterfalls , Waterfalls in Argentina , Waterfalls of Argentina , Cascadas de Argentina , Cascadas de la Argentina , Cascadas argentinas , Ríos de Chile , Ríos de la provincia de Río Negro , Ríos de la vertiente del Pacífico en Argentina ,
BIG5. Elephant. Pilanesberg Game Reserve. South Africa. Jun/2021
Elephant
Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Three species are currently recognised: the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), the African forest elephant (L. cyclotis), and the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Elephantidae is the only surviving family of the order Proboscidea; other, now extinct, members of the order include deinotheres, gomphotheres, mammoths, and mastodons.
All elephants have several distinctive features, the most notable of which is a long trunk (also called a proboscis), used for many purposes, particularly breathing, lifting water, and grasping objects. Their incisors grow into tusks, which can serve as weapons and as tools for moving objects and digging. Elephants' large ear flaps help to control their body temperature. Their pillar-like legs can carry their great weight. African elephants have larger ears and concave backs while Asian elephants have smaller ears and convex or level backs.
Elephants are herbivorous and can be found in different habitats including savannahs, forests, deserts, and marshes. They prefer to stay near water. They are considered to be a keystone species due to their impact on their environments. Other animals tend to keep their distance from elephants while predators, such as lions, tigers, hyenas, and any wild dogs, usually target only young elephants (or "calves"). Elephants have a fission–fusion society in which multiple family groups come together to socialise. Females ("cows") tend to live in family groups, which can consist of one female with her calves or several related females with offspring. The groups are led by an individual known as the matriarch, often the oldest cow.
Males ("bulls") leave their family groups when they reach puberty and may live alone or with other males. Adult bulls mostly interact with family groups when looking for a mate and enter a state of increased testosterone and aggression known as musth, which helps them gain dominance and reproductive success. Calves are the centre of attention in their family groups and rely on their mothers for as long as three years. Elephants can live up to 70 years in the wild. They communicate by touch, sight, smell, and sound; elephants use infrasound, and seismic communication over long distances. Elephant intelligence has been compared with that of primates and cetaceans. They appear to have self-awareness and show empathyfor dying or dead individuals of their kind.
Source: Wikipedia
Elefante
Os elefantes são animais herbívoros, alimentando-se de ervas, gramíneas, frutas e folhas de árvores. Dado o seu tamanho, um elefante adulto pode ingerir entre 70 a 150 kg de alimentos por dia. As fêmeas vivem em manadas de 10 a 15 animais, lideradas por uma matriarca, compostas por várias reprodutoras e crias de variadas idades. O período de gestação das fêmeas é longo (20 a 22 meses), assim como o desenvolvimento do animal que leva anos a atingir a idade adulta. Os filhotes podem nascer com 90 kg. Os machos adolescentes tendem a viver em pequenos bandos e os machos adultos isolados, encontrando-se com as fêmeas apenas no período reprodutivo.
Devido ao seu porte, os elefantes têm poucos predadores. Exercem uma forte influência sobre as savanas, pois mantêm árvores e arbustos sob controle, permitindo que pastagens dominem o ambiente. Eles vivem cerca de 60 anos e morrem quando seus molares caem, impedindo que se alimentem de plantas.
Os elefantes-africanos são maiores que as variedades asiáticas e têm orelhas mais desenvolvidas, uma adaptação que permite libertar calor em condições de altas temperaturas. Outra diferença importante é a ausência de presas de marfim nas fêmeas dos elefantes asiáticos.
Durante a época de acasalamento, o aumento da produção de testosterona deixa os elefantes extremamente agressivos, fazendo-os atacar até humanos. Acidentes com elefantes utilizados em rituais geralmente são causados por esse motivo. Cerca de 400 humanos são mortos por elefantes a cada ano.
Elefante é o termo genérico e popular pelo qual são denominados os membros da família Elephantidae, um grupo de mamíferos proboscídeoselefantídeos, de grande porte, do qual há três espécies no mundo atual, duas africanas (Loxodonta sp.) e uma asiática (Elephas sp.). Há ainda os mamutes (Mammuthus sp.), hoje extintos. Até recentemente, acreditava-se que havia apenas duas espécies vivas de elefantes, o elefante-africano e o elefante-asiático, uma espécie menor. Entretanto, estudos recentes de DNA sugerem que havia, na verdade, duas espécies de elefante-africano: Loxodonta africana, da savana, e Loxodonta cyclotis, que vive nas florestas. Os elefantes são os maiores animais terrestres da actualidade, com a massa entre 4 a 6 toneladas e medindo em média quatro metros de altura, podem levantar até 10.000 kg. As suas características mais distintivas são as presas de marfim
Fonte: Wikipedia
Pilanesberg Game Reserve
The Pilanesberg Game Reserve is located north of Rustenburg in North West Province in South Africa. The park borders with the entertainment complex Sun City. The park is currently administered by the North West Parks and Tourism Board.
The area is fringed by three concentric ridges or rings of hills, of which the formation rises from the surrounding plains. Pilanesberg is named after a Tswana chief, Pilane, the 'Pilanesberg Alkaline Ring Complex' is the park's primary geological feature. This vast circular geological feature is ancient even by geological standards as it is the crater of a long extinct volcano and the result of eruptions some 1,200 million years ago. It is one of the largest volcanic complexes of its type in the world, the rare rock types and formations make it a unique geological feature. A number of rare minerals occur in the park.
Scattered throughout the park are various sites that originate from the Iron Age and Stone Age and show the presence of man from those periods in these areas.
The park has an area of 572 square kilometres (221 sq mi). One can travel through in a standard road vehicle as although most of the 188 kilometres of track are not surfaced, they are well maintained.
The Pilanesberg is not in a location which the Big Five animals would naturally inhabit, however they have been brought into the 550 square kilometres of African bushland
Source: Wikipedia
A Reserva de Pilanesberg
A Reserva de Pilanesberg está localizada ao norte de Rustenburg, na Província Noroeste, na África do Sul. O parque faz fronteira com o complexo de entretenimento Sun City. O parque é atualmente administrado pelo North West Parks and Tourism Board.
A área é orlada por três cristas concêntricas ou anéis de colinas, das quais a formação se eleva das planícies circundantes. Pilanesberg é nomeado em homenagem a um chefe Tswana, Pilane, o 'complexo alcalino circular de Pilanesberg' é característica geológica primária do parque. Esta vasta característica geológica circular é antiga, mesmo para os padrões geológicos, pois é a cratera de um vulcão extinto e o resultado de erupções há cerca de 1.200 milhões de anos. É um dos maiores complexos vulcânicos do seu tipo no mundo, os raros tipos de rochas e formações fazem dele uma característica geológica única. Um número de minerais raros são encontrados no parque.
Espalhados por todo o parque estão vários locais que se originam da Idade do Ferro e da Idade da Pedra e mostram a presença do homem em tais períodos nessas áreas.
O parque tem uma área de 572 quilômetros quadrados (221 sq mi). Pode-se viajar através de um veículo normal, embora a maioria dos 188 quilômetros de estradas não sejam pavimentadas, elas estão bem conservados.
O Pilanesberg não é um local que os animais “Big Five” naturalmente habitam, no entanto, eles foram trazidos para os 550 quilômetros quadrados de mata nativa africana.
Fonte: Wikipedia (tradução livre)
The Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus americanus) of Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York – This unique sea-dwelling rabbit, which is actually a close relative of the sea lion, was officially discovered and investigated by Henry Hudson when he first visited this land to colonize the area by order of the Dutch government. It was named New Amsterdam -- today’s New York City. This island was named after he saw the beach covered with strange swimming wild rabbits. The word “Coney Island” means “wild rabbit island” in Dutch (originally Conyne Eylandt, or Konijneneiland in modern Dutch spelling). Sea rabbits were also referred mermaid rabbit, merrabbit, rabbit fish or seal rabbit in the natural history documents in the 17th century. The current conservation status, or risk of extinction, of the sea rabbit is Extinct in the Wild.
This website features two species of sea rabbits, which have been taken care of by Dr. Takeshi Yamada (山田武司) at the Coney Island Sea Rabbit Repopulation Center, which is a part of the Marine biology department of the Coney Island University in Brooklyn, New York. They are – Coney Island Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus americanus) called “Seara” and Coney Island Tiger-striped Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus konjinicus) called “Stripes”.
The photographs and videos featured in this website chronicle adventures of the Coney Island sea rabbits and the world as seen by them. This article also documented efforts of Dr. Takeshi Yamada for bringing back the nearly extinct sea rabbits to Coney Island in the City of New York and beyond. Dr. Yamada produced a series of public lectures, workshops, original public live interactive fine art performances and fine art exhibitions about sea rabbits at a variety of occasions and institutions in the City of New York and beyond. Dr. Yamada is an internationally active educator, book author, wildlife conservationist and high profile artist, who lives and works in Brooklyn, New York.
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Sea Rabbit
Other Common Names: Coney Island Sea Rabbit, Beach Rabbit, Seal Rabbit, mer-rabbit, merrabbit, Atlantic Sea Rabbit.
Latin Name: Monafluffchus americanus
Origin: Atlantic coast of the United States
Description of the specimen: In the early 17th century’s European fur craze drove the fleet of Dutch ships to the eastern costal area of America. Then Holland was the center of the world just like the Italy was in the previous century. New York City was once called New Amsterdam when Dutch merchants landed and established colonies. Among them, Henry Hudson is probably the most recognized individual in the history of New York City today. “This small island is inhabited by two major creatures which we do not have in our homeland. The one creature is a large arthropod made of three body segments: the frontal segment resembles a horseshoe, the middle segment resembles a spiny crab and its tail resembles a sharp sword. Although they gather beaches here in great numbers, they are not edible due to their extremely offensive odor. Another creature which is abundant here, has the head of wild rabbit. This animal of great swimming ability has frontal legs resemble the webbed feet of a duck. The bottom half of the body resembles that of a seal. This docile rabbit of the sea is easy to catch as it does not fear people. The larger male sea rabbits control harems of 20 to 25 females. The meat of the sea rabbit is very tender and tasty.” This is what Hadson wrote in his personal journal in 1609 about the horseshoe crab and the sea rabbit in today’s Coney Island area of Brooklyn, New York. Sadly, just like the Dodo bird and the Thylacine, the sea rabbit was driven to extinction by the European settlers’ greed. When Dutch merchants and traders arrived here, sea rabbits were one of the first animals they hunted down to bring their furs to homeland to satisfy the fur craze of the time. To increase the shipment volume of furs of sea rabbit and beavers from New Amsterdam, Dutch merchants also started using wampum (beads made of special clam shells) as the first official currency of this country.
At the North Eastern shores of the United States, two species of sea rabbits were commonly found. They are Coney Island Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus americanus) and Coney Island Tiger-striped Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus konjinicus). Sadly, due to their over harvesting in the previous centuries, their conservation status became “Extinct in the Wild” (ET) in the Red List Endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Currently, these sea rabbits are only found at breeding centers at selected zoos and universities such as Coney Island Aquarium and Coney Island University in Brooklyn, New York. The one shown in this photograph was named "Seara" and has been cared by Dr. Takeshi Yamada at Coney Island University.
The sea rabbit is one of the families of the Pinniped order. Pinnipeds (from Latin penna = flat and pes/pedis = foot) are sea-mammals: they are homeothermic (i.e having high and regulated inner temperature), lung-breathing (i.e dependant on atmospheric oxygen) animals having come back to semi aquatic life. As soon as they arrive ashore, females are caught by the nearest adult male. Males can maintain harems of about 20 females on average. Several hours to several days after arriving ashore, pregnant females give birth to eight to ten pups with a dark brown fur. As soon as birth occurs, the mother’s special smell and calls help her pups bond specifically to her. The mother stays ashore with her pup for about one week during which the pup gains weight. During the first week spent with her newborn, the mother becomes receptive. She will be impregnated by the bull, which control the harem. Implantation of the embryo will occur 3 months later, in March-April. During the reproductive period, the best males copulate with several tens females. To do so, males have to stay ashore without feeding in order to keep their territory and their harem. In mid-January, when the last females have been fecundated, males leave at sea to feed. Some of them will come back later in March-April for the moult. The other ones will stay at sea and will come back on Coney Island only in next November. After fecundation, the mother goes at sea for her first meal. At sea, mothers feed on clams, crabs, shrimps, fish (herring, anchovy, Pollock, capelin etc.) and squids. When she is back, the mother recovers her pups at the beach she left them. Suckling occurs after auditive and olfactory recognition had occured. In March-April, the dark brown fur is totally replaced by an adult-like light brownish grey fur during the moult that lasts 1-2 months. This new fur is composed by 2 layers. Externally, the guard fur is composed by flat hairs that recover themselves when wet. By doing so, they make a water-proof barrier for the under fur. The underfur retains air when the seal is dry. Because of isolating properties of the air, the underfur is the insulating system of the fur. In March-April, the fur of adults is partially replaced. First reproduction occurs at 1-yr old in females. Males are physiologically matures at 1 year old but socially matures at +2 years old.
NOTE: The name of Coney Island is commonly thought to be derived from the Dutch Konijn Eylandt or Rabbit Island as apparently the 17th century European settlers noted many rabbits running amuck on the island.
www.takeshiyamada.weebly.com/performances.html
www.takeshiyamada.weebly.com/sea-rabbit-center.html
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For any questions, please email contact Takeshi Yamada, Art & Rogue Taxidermy, Museum of World Wonders, official website. www.takeshiyamada.weebly.com/
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For any questions, please contact Dr. Takeshi Yamada. His email address is posted in the chapter page (the last page or the first page).
(Updated April 7, 2015)
CABALLO FÓSIL SUDAMERICANO ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Cavalo fóssil sulamericano - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
A mounted skeleton of Southamerican extinct Horse ........................
†Hippidion (= †Hippidium)
Orden: Perissodactyla (Perisodáctilos) ... Familia: Equidae (Équidos)
Ejemplar que vivió hace 10.000 años en Luján,
provincia de Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA.
Hippidion es un género de equinos primitivos, endémico de América del Sur, encontrado desde el Plioceno tardío en sedimentos de la edad mamífero Uquiense, en la localidad de Uquía, Jujuy, Argentina.
Desciende de equinos que formaron parte del grupo de mamíferos invasores que ingresaron a la América del Sur sobre el final del Terciario, como consecuencia del levantamiento del istmo de Panamá, que generó la conexión entre ambas Américas a través de este "puente panameño", acontecimiento ocurrido aproximadamente unos 3 millones de años antesdel presente, y que unió definitivamente las faunas de América del Norte con las del Sur.
Se distingue por la retracción de la hendidura nasal hasta el nivel de M2 o posterior a M3.
Como resultado de esta retracción, el nasal se estrecha y se alarga formando una especie de estilete.
Esto afecta la conformación del cráneo donde, debido a la retracción de la hendidura nasal, los huesos nasales se proyectan libremente formando una visera o saliente pronunciada.
Por otra parte, es notable la conformación de las extremidades, proporcionalmente cortas y anchas, que le confieren al animal un aspecto macizo y robusto que el caballo doméstico.
Con un peso cercano a los 400 kilos.
Un gran número de sus restos se hallaron en sitios arqueológicos, y se corroboró su utilización como fuente de alimento, aunque este caballo primitivo no llegó a ser domesticado por los aborígenes.
Estos paleoindios convivieron con los équidos durante 4.000 años, cazándolos tan intensamente que las especies no soportaron semejante presión de captura y terminaron por extinguirse.
En la Argentina fueron abundantes, especialmente en las pampas, pero cubrieron casi todo el país y sus vecinos, habitando incluso en el altiplano andino o puneño, siendo encontrado en ambientes por sobre los 4.000 metros, por ejemplo en el Salar del Surire, en el sector altiplánico chileno.
El género †Hippidion está compuesto por tres especies:
Hippidion saldiasi Roth, 1899 (= Onohippidium saldiasi)
Es la especie más pequeña y robusta del género.
Estaba adaptada a condiciones ambientales extremas, vivió en épocas recientes (13.000 a 8.000 años antes del presente) en la Región Patagónica argentina, y sectores limítrofes del sur de Chile; y tal vez, también en la Puna jujeña.
Hippidion principale (Lund,1845)
Esta es la especie que caracteriza al género, descripta en base a restos encontrados el la localidad brasileña de Lagoa Santa.
Es la especie más grande del género.
Fue encontrado también en Tarija Bolivia (los mayores de la especie); en Buenos Aires Argentina; Chacabuco Chile; y en el departamento Artigas del Uruguay (los menores de la especie).
Entre las especies que han entrado en su sinonimia se encuentran: Hippidion chilensis, Hippidion bonaerense, y Onohippidium munizi.
Hippidion devillei (Gervais, 1855)
Es una especie de tamaño intermedio entre las otras dos.
Se distingue por la retracción de la escotadura nasal a nivel del mesostilo del M2.
El perfil es convexo, sin inflexión naso-frontal.
Fue encontrada primeramente en Tarija Bolivia; en la quebrada de Humahuaca Jujuy, y en Buenos Aires Argentina, con ejemplares algo distintos, y un poco mayores.
También se encontró en la localidad de Tirapata, en el Perú.
Entre las especies que han entrado en su sinonimia se encuentran: Hippidion bolivianum, Hypohippidion humahuaquense, Onohippidium devillei, y Onohippidium peruanum.
La provincia de Buenos Aires fue el hábitat de, por lo menos dos especies:
Hippidion principale ; vivia en el Lujanense (Pleistoceno tardío al Holoceno temprano), encontrado en: Lobería, Mercedes, Arroyo Seco, etc.
Hippidion devillei ; era un equino abundante en el Ensenadense (Pleistoceno temprano), encontrado en: Olivos, Puerto de La Plata, etc.
( 1 de febrero de 2010 )
Museo de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia,
ciudad de Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA.
◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘◘
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I'd like you to know there is little planning in my churchcrawling, I see there are one or two churches I had yet to visit, set the sat nav and set off, never sure if the church is open or redundant.
St Mary and the Holy Cross is situated on a crossroads, I couldn't miss it, so parked up, got the cameras out and a lady in the car behind got out:
"can I help you?"
I have come to visit the church.
"what for?"
I explained the Kent Church Project, gave her a moo card, and she was happy enough.
She had come to clean and had a key for the door.
Which is handy.
Hard to get a good exterior shot due to trees on the south side and the bright sunlight, low at this time of year. I tried.
When you first enter, you see how tall and narrow, and long, the chancel is, compared to to the nave. Quite startling, and yet to the warden, it was normal.
Ahead of me was another fine chancel and altar, though not as fine as Ospringe, it goes without saying....
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A most satisfying church in a delightful setting. Originally Norman with plenty of stonework surviving, it was extended in the thirteenth century by the lengthening of the chancel and by the addition of north and south chapels that only run half the length of the chancel. A fifteenth century tower completes the ensemble. There followed years of decline and the chapels became ruinous until two restorations in the nineteenth century. The first was carried out by a local builder, but the second – in 1872- was by the renowned architect William Butterfield who created the character of the church as we see it today. He rebuilt the chapels and chancel windows. The nave windows he beautified by what are known as `Butterfield dumplings` created by cutting away the plaster like a pie crust to show the stonework underneath. Several of his contemporaries did similar things but here he carried it off to great effect. All the stalls and altar rails are his too – and of extremely high craftsmanship. The north chancel window is by Alexander Gibbs to Butterfield`s design. However the east window is a rarity. This is a Butterfield design to be made by the firm of Burlisson and Grylls – the only time it is thought they made a window to his design. A more typical window by the same firm is in the west wall of the church.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Milstead
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MILSTED
IS the next adjoining parish south-eastward from Bredgar. It lies on high ground, obscurely among the hills, and surrounded by woods, there being no thoroughfare of any account through it; the situation is not much different from that of Bredgar adjoining to it. The parish is but small, containing about eight hundred acres of land, of which about fifty are wood. The soil in the upper or southern part is poor, consisting partly of chalk, and partly of a red cludgy earth, the whole of which is much covered with flints; in the centre and northern part it is something more sertile and kindly for tillage. The church stands nearly in the middle of the parish, having the mansion of Hogshaws almost adjoining the east end of the church-yard, at the west part of which the parsonage stands. At no great distance from hence northward, in the vale, is all that there is of a village in the parish; near the southeast boundary is Torry-hill, belonging to Mr. Osborne Tylden, who resides in it; near the western boundary is Broadoak forstall, and the hamlet called from it. On this forstall there stands a remarkable large juniper tree, being near fifteen feet high, and near eight feet before it has any branches,
THE MANOR OF MILTON claims paramount over the greatest part of this parish, subordinate to which is THE MANOR OF MILSTED, which in the beginning of the reign of Edward I. was in the possession of Thomas Abelyn, who died possessed of it in the 4th year of that reign, then holding it as one messuage, and one carucate and an half of land, in Milsted, and pasture for three hundred sheep in the marsh of Elmele, of the king, in capite, by knight's service. He was succeeded in it by Nicholas Abelyn, who died two years afterwards, holding it by the like service. Soon after which it appears to have come into the possession of the family of Savage; one of whom, John le Siuvage, obtained a grant of free-warren in the 23d year of the above reign, for his lands in Milsted and other places; but before the 20th year of king Edward III. this names seems to have been extinct here; for at the making the black prince a knight, the heirs of John Savage paid aid for this manor. Indeed, it seems from the beginning of that reign, to have been in the name of Mocking, (fn. 1) from which it passed into that of Hoggeshaw, and Elmeline, late the wife of Sir Thomas Hoggeshaw, died in the 50th year of it, possessed of the manor of Milsted, held of the king in capite, as one knight's see.
Their son Edmund Hoggeshaw, succeeded to the possession of it, which had now, from their continuing owners of it, acquired the name of Milsted, alias Hoggeshaws, by which it has been known ever since. He died in the 12th year of king Richard II. s. p. upon which Joane, one of his sisters and coheirs, entitled her husband, Thomas Lovel, esq. to it, whose son Thomas, in the 12th year of king Henry IV. held a court for this manor; one of his decendants sold it to Robert Greaves, who died in the 9th year of king Henry VII. holding it in manner as above mentioned, Katherine, wife of George Sole, being his daughter and next heir. Soon after which, it became the property of Roger Wake, who died in the 19th year of king Henry VII. when this manor, with the advowson of the church of Milsted passed by his will to Margaret his daughter, whose husband, John Barnard, esq. entered into the possession of it. At length his grandson of the same name, dying an insant in the 14th year of king Henry VIII. it became vested, by the limitations in the will of Roger Wake above-mentioned, in his right heirs, who conveyed their interest in it to Sir Thomas Nevyle, and he passed it away by sale to Sir Robert Southwell, who in the 4th year of Edward VI. passed away, by fine then levied, the manor of Hoggeshaws, alias Milsted, and the advowson of the church of Milsted, then held of the king in capite, to Thomas Henman, senior, and his heirs. His son, Alan Henman, of Lenham, in the 12th year of that reign, sold it to Thomas Thomson, of Sandwich, jurat, for the use of Agnes, his daughter, who entitled her husband, John Toke, gent. of Goddington, to the possession of it. She survived her husband, and by her will in 1629, devised it to her eldest son Nicholas Toke, esq. of Great Chart, who in 1631, anno 7 Charles I. passed away both manor and advowson to Edward Chute, esq. of Bethersden, whose son George had married Eleanor Toke, his eldest daughter, and he anno 9 Charles I. conveyed it by fine then levied to Richard Tylden, gent. of Great Chart, and William Tylden, then an insant, his son. The family of Tylden had antiently possessions in the parishes of Brenchley, Otterden, Kennington, and Tilmanstone, in this county; one of them William Tylden, paid aid for lands in this county, in the 20th year of king Edward III. In the reign of queen Elizabeth, a branch of them was settled in the parish of Wormsell, one of whom, William Tylden, died there in 1613. His direct descendant, Richard Tylden, esq. of Great Chart, who bore for his arms, Azure, a saltier, ermine, between four phoens, or, purchased this manor and advowson as above-mentioned, whose eldest son William Tylden, gent. was of Hoggeshaws, as was his son Richard, who dying in 1763, was buried with his ancestors in the Tylden chancel, in this church. By Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Thomas Osborne, esq. of Hartlip, he left one son RichardOsborne, and three daughters, Hannah married to Edward Belcher, of Ulcomb; Mary to Thomas Bland, clerk, and Philippa, who died unmarried. Richard Osborne Tylden, esq. succeeded his father in this estate, and left his widow surviving (who re-married the Rev. Edward Smith, rector of Milsted, and died in 1776) and by her four sons, Richard, of whom hereafter; Osborne, of Torry-hill, esq. in this parish, who married the only daughter of John Withins, esq. of Surry; the Rev. Richard Cooke, rector of Milsted and Frinsted, and Manby May; and one daughter Elizabeth married to Mr. Valyer Baker, Surgeon, of Sittingborne. Richard Tylden, esq. succeeded on his mother's death to the possession of this manor, and now resides here; he married Miss Catherine Rolse, of Ashford, who died in 1783.
The last court held for this manor, being a courtbaron, was in the year 1632.
HIGHAM-COURT, now usually called Great Higham, is a manor in this parish, which was antiently the property of a family of the name of Nottingham, whence it acquired, as appears by antient writings, the name of Nottingham-court.
They resided at Bayford, in Sittingborne, so early as the reign of king Edward I. Robert de Nottingham, owner of this estate in the reign of Edward III. was sheriff in the 48th year of it, and kept his shrievalty at Bayford, in which year he died, and was found at his death to hold lands in Doddington, Tenham, Milsted, Tong, Bredgar, and Sittingborne, all which descended to his only son John Nottingham, who died s. p. leaving his daughter his sole heir, who marrying Simon Cheney, of Cralle, in Sussex, second son of Sir Richard Cheney, of Shurland, he became entitled to this manor. The Nottinghams bore for their arms, as Philipott says, Gules, two pales wavy, argent; which coat, impaled with Cheney, was in one of the windows of Milsted church. On the roof of the cloysters of Canterbury cathedral, are carved the arms of Nottingham, Gules, on a bend, argent, three escallops, azure; but of what kindred to these of Milsted, I have not found. In his descendants this manor continued down till Richard Cheney, esq. and his son John, in the year 1676, joined in the conveyance of it to Mr. Thomas Lushington, of Sittingborne, whose great-grandson, the Rev. Mr. James Stephen Lushington, is the present owner of this manor. (fn. 2)
Charities.
JOHN WIATT, of Milsted, by will in 1722, gave a moiety of several pieces of land in Milsted, Frinsted, and Wormesell, containing about twenty acres, towards the teaching of four poor children of this parish to read and write, vested in the minister and churchwardens, and of the annual produce of 2l. 4s.
There are five alms-houses belonging to this parish, on the eastern side of it, next to Kingsdown.
The poor constantly relieved are about nine; casually forty.
MILSTED is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Sittingborne.
¶The church, which is dedicated to St. Mary and the Holy Cross is but small, and consists of one isle and one chancel, with a low square tower at the west end of it, in which hang three bells. On the north side is another small chancel, belonging to the Tyldens, in which many of them lie buried. On the south side there was another chancel, belonging to Higham-court, which was pulled down, by the mutual consent of the proprietor and parishioners in 1672.
In the church-yard, near the south porch, there is a very antient tomb-stone, having on it a cross botony, fuchee, carved in relief.
The church of Milsted was given by king John to Wydon the clerk, who held it, as appears by the Testa de Nevill, in the next reign of king Henry III. Whether he was lord likewise of Milsted manor I have not found; but from the next reign of king Edward I. to the present time, this church seems to have had the same possessors, and as such, the advowson of it is now the property of Richard Tylden, esq. of Hoggeshaws.
In 1578 there were fifty-five communicants. In 1640 eighty-seven, when it was valued at fifty pounds per annum.
It is a discharged living in the king's books, of the clear yearly certified value of forty four pounds, the yearly tenths being 17s. 6d. The glebe land consists of only three acres.
takeshiyamada.weebly.com/
The Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus americanus) of Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York – This unique sea-dwelling rabbit, which is actually a close relative of the sea lion, was officially discovered and investigated by Henry Hudson when he first visited this land to colonize the area by order of the Dutch government. It was named New Amsterdam -- today’s New York City. This island was named after he saw the beach covered with strange swimming wild rabbits. The word “Coney Island” means “wild rabbit island” in Dutch (originally Conyne Eylandt, or Konijneneiland in modern Dutch spelling). Sea rabbits were also referred mermaid rabbit, merrabbit, rabbit fish or seal rabbit in the natural history documents in the 17th century. The current conservation status, or risk of extinction, of the sea rabbit is Extinct in the Wild.
This website features two species of sea rabbits, which have been taken care of by Dr. Takeshi Yamada (山田武司) at the Coney Island Sea Rabbit Repopulation Center, which is a part of the Marine biology department of the Coney Island University in Brooklyn, New York. They are – Coney Island Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus americanus) called “Seara” and Coney Island Tiger-striped Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus konjinicus) called “Stripes”.
The photographs and videos featured in this website chronicle adventures of the Coney Island sea rabbits and the world as seen by them. This article also documented efforts of Dr. Takeshi Yamada for bringing back the nearly extinct sea rabbits to Coney Island in the City of New York and beyond. Dr. Yamada produced a series of public lectures, workshops, original public live interactive fine art performances and fine art exhibitions about sea rabbits at a variety of occasions and institutions in the City of New York and beyond. Dr. Yamada is an internationally active educator, book author, wildlife conservationist and high profile artist, who lives and works in Brooklyn, New York.
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Sea Rabbit
Other Common Names: Coney Island Sea Rabbit, Beach Rabbit, Seal Rabbit, mer-rabbit, merrabbit, Atlantic Sea Rabbit.
Latin Name: Monafluffchus americanus
Origin: Atlantic coast of the United States
Description of the specimen: In the early 17th century’s European fur craze drove the fleet of Dutch ships to the eastern costal area of America. Then Holland was the center of the world just like the Italy was in the previous century. New York City was once called New Amsterdam when Dutch merchants landed and established colonies. Among them, Henry Hudson is probably the most recognized individual in the history of New York City today. “This small island is inhabited by two major creatures which we do not have in our homeland. The one creature is a large arthropod made of three body segments: the frontal segment resembles a horseshoe, the middle segment resembles a spiny crab and its tail resembles a sharp sword. Although they gather beaches here in great numbers, they are not edible due to their extremely offensive odor. Another creature which is abundant here, has the head of wild rabbit. This animal of great swimming ability has frontal legs resemble the webbed feet of a duck. The bottom half of the body resembles that of a seal. This docile rabbit of the sea is easy to catch as it does not fear people. The larger male sea rabbits control harems of 20 to 25 females. The meat of the sea rabbit is very tender and tasty.” This is what Hadson wrote in his personal journal in 1609 about the horseshoe crab and the sea rabbit in today’s Coney Island area of Brooklyn, New York. Sadly, just like the Dodo bird and the Thylacine, the sea rabbit was driven to extinction by the European settlers’ greed. When Dutch merchants and traders arrived here, sea rabbits were one of the first animals they hunted down to bring their furs to homeland to satisfy the fur craze of the time. To increase the shipment volume of furs of sea rabbit and beavers from New Amsterdam, Dutch merchants also started using wampum (beads made of special clam shells) as the first official currency of this country.
At the North Eastern shores of the United States, two species of sea rabbits were commonly found. They are Coney Island Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus americanus) and Coney Island Tiger-striped Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus konjinicus). Sadly, due to their over harvesting in the previous centuries, their conservation status became “Extinct in the Wild” (ET) in the Red List Endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Currently, these sea rabbits are only found at breeding centers at selected zoos and universities such as Coney Island Aquarium and Coney Island University in Brooklyn, New York. The one shown in this photograph was named "Seara" and has been cared by Dr. Takeshi Yamada at Coney Island University.
The sea rabbit is one of the families of the Pinniped order. Pinnipeds (from Latin penna = flat and pes/pedis = foot) are sea-mammals: they are homeothermic (i.e having high and regulated inner temperature), lung-breathing (i.e dependant on atmospheric oxygen) animals having come back to semi aquatic life. As soon as they arrive ashore, females are caught by the nearest adult male. Males can maintain harems of about 20 females on average. Several hours to several days after arriving ashore, pregnant females give birth to eight to ten pups with a dark brown fur. As soon as birth occurs, the mother’s special smell and calls help her pups bond specifically to her. The mother stays ashore with her pup for about one week during which the pup gains weight. During the first week spent with her newborn, the mother becomes receptive. She will be impregnated by the bull, which control the harem. Implantation of the embryo will occur 3 months later, in March-April. During the reproductive period, the best males copulate with several tens females. To do so, males have to stay ashore without feeding in order to keep their territory and their harem. In mid-January, when the last females have been fecundated, males leave at sea to feed. Some of them will come back later in March-April for the moult. The other ones will stay at sea and will come back on Coney Island only in next November. After fecundation, the mother goes at sea for her first meal. At sea, mothers feed on clams, crabs, shrimps, fish (herring, anchovy, Pollock, capelin etc.) and squids. When she is back, the mother recovers her pups at the beach she left them. Suckling occurs after auditive and olfactory recognition had occured. In March-April, the dark brown fur is totally replaced by an adult-like light brownish grey fur during the moult that lasts 1-2 months. This new fur is composed by 2 layers. Externally, the guard fur is composed by flat hairs that recover themselves when wet. By doing so, they make a water-proof barrier for the under fur. The underfur retains air when the seal is dry. Because of isolating properties of the air, the underfur is the insulating system of the fur. In March-April, the fur of adults is partially replaced. First reproduction occurs at 1-yr old in females. Males are physiologically matures at 1 year old but socially matures at +2 years old.
NOTE: The name of Coney Island is commonly thought to be derived from the Dutch Konijn Eylandt or Rabbit Island as apparently the 17th century European settlers noted many rabbits running amuck on the island.
www.takeshiyamada.weebly.com/performances.html
www.takeshiyamada.weebly.com/sea-rabbit-center.html
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www.flickr.com/photos/searabbits23/
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit22
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit021/
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit20
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit19
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit18
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit17
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit16
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit15
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit14
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit13
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit12
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit11
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit10
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit9
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit8
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit7
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit6
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit5
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit4
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit3
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit2
www.flickr.com/photos/searabbit1
www.flickr.com/photos/diningwithsearabbits03
www.flickr.com/photos/diningwithsearabbits02
www.flickr.com/photos/diningwithsearabbits01
www.flickr.com/photos/yamadaimmortalized2/
www.flickr.com/photos/takeshiyamadaimmortalized/
www.flickr.com/photos/yamadabellhouse2014/
www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders3/
www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders2
www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders/
www.flickr.com/photos/takeshiyamadapaintings/
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For any questions, please email contact Takeshi Yamada, Art & Rogue Taxidermy, Museum of World Wonders, official website. www.takeshiyamada.weebly.com/
================================================
For any questions, please contact Dr. Takeshi Yamada. His email address is posted in the chapter page (the last page or the first page).
(Updated April 7, 2015)
The Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus americanus) of Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York – This unique sea-dwelling rabbit, which is actually a close relative of the sea lion, was officially discovered and investigated by Henry Hudson when he first visited this land to colonize the area by order of the Dutch government. It was named New Amsterdam -- today’s New York City. This island was named after he saw the beach covered with strange swimming wild rabbits. The word “Coney Island” means “wild rabbit island” in Dutch (originally Conyne Eylandt, or Konijneneiland in modern Dutch spelling). Sea rabbits were also referred mermaid rabbit, merrabbit, rabbit fish or seal rabbit in the natural history documents in the 17th century. The current conservation status, or risk of extinction, of the sea rabbit is Extinct in the Wild.
This website features two species of sea rabbits, which have been taken care of by Dr. Takeshi Yamada (山田武司) at the Coney Island Sea Rabbit Repopulation Center, which is a part of the Marine biology department of the Coney Island University in Brooklyn, New York. They are – Coney Island Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus americanus) called “Seara” and Coney Island Tiger-striped Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus konjinicus) called “Stripes”.
The photographs and videos featured in this website chronicle adventures of the Coney Island sea rabbits and the world as seen by them. This article also documented efforts of Dr. Takeshi Yamada for bringing back the nearly extinct sea rabbits to Coney Island in the City of New York and beyond. Dr. Yamada produced a series of public lectures, workshops, original public live interactive fine art performances and fine art exhibitions about sea rabbits at a variety of occasions and institutions in the City of New York and beyond. Dr. Yamada is an internationally active educator, book author, wildlife conservationist and high profile artist, who lives and works in Brooklyn, New York.
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Sea Rabbit
Other Common Names: Coney Island Sea Rabbit, Beach Rabbit, Seal Rabbit, mer-rabbit, merrabbit, Atlantic Sea Rabbit.
Latin Name: Monafluffchus americanus
Origin: Atlantic coast of the United States
Description of the specimen: In the early 17th century’s European fur craze drove the fleet of Dutch ships to the eastern costal area of America. Then Holland was the center of the world just like the Italy was in the previous century. New York City was once called New Amsterdam when Dutch merchants landed and established colonies. Among them, Henry Hudson is probably the most recognized individual in the history of New York City today. “This small island is inhabited by two major creatures which we do not have in our homeland. The one creature is a large arthropod made of three body segments: the frontal segment resembles a horseshoe, the middle segment resembles a spiny crab and its tail resembles a sharp sword. Although they gather beaches here in great numbers, they are not edible due to their extremely offensive odor. Another creature which is abundant here, has the head of wild rabbit. This animal of great swimming ability has frontal legs resemble the webbed feet of a duck. The bottom half of the body resembles that of a seal. This docile rabbit of the sea is easy to catch as it does not fear people. The larger male sea rabbits control harems of 20 to 25 females. The meat of the sea rabbit is very tender and tasty.” This is what Hadson wrote in his personal journal in 1609 about the horseshoe crab and the sea rabbit in today’s Coney Island area of Brooklyn, New York. Sadly, just like the Dodo bird and the Thylacine, the sea rabbit was driven to extinction by the European settlers’ greed. When Dutch merchants and traders arrived here, sea rabbits were one of the first animals they hunted down to bring their furs to homeland to satisfy the fur craze of the time. To increase the shipment volume of furs of sea rabbit and beavers from New Amsterdam, Dutch merchants also started using wampum (beads made of special clam shells) as the first official currency of this country.
At the North Eastern shores of the United States, two species of sea rabbits were commonly found. They are Coney Island Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus americanus) and Coney Island Tiger-striped Sea Rabbit (Monafluffchus konjinicus). Sadly, due to their over harvesting in the previous centuries, their conservation status became “Extinct in the Wild” (ET) in the Red List Endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Currently, these sea rabbits are only found at breeding centers at selected zoos and universities such as Coney Island Aquarium and Coney Island University in Brooklyn, New York. The one shown in this photograph was named "Seara" and has been cared by Dr. Takeshi Yamada at Coney Island University.
The sea rabbit is one of the families of the Pinniped order. Pinnipeds (from Latin penna = flat and pes/pedis = foot) are sea-mammals: they are homeothermic (i.e having high and regulated inner temperature), lung-breathing (i.e dependant on atmospheric oxygen) animals having come back to semi aquatic life. As soon as they arrive ashore, females are caught by the nearest adult male. Males can maintain harems of about 20 females on average. Several hours to several days after arriving ashore, pregnant females give birth to eight to ten pups with a dark brown fur. As soon as birth occurs, the mother’s special smell and calls help her pups bond specifically to her. The mother stays ashore with her pup for about one week during which the pup gains weight. During the first week spent with her newborn, the mother becomes receptive. She will be impregnated by the bull, which control the harem. Implantation of the embryo will occur 3 months later, in March-April. During the reproductive period, the best males copulate with several tens females. To do so, males have to stay ashore without feeding in order to keep their territory and their harem. In mid-January, when the last females have been fecundated, males leave at sea to feed. Some of them will come back later in March-April for the moult. The other ones will stay at sea and will come back on Coney Island only in next November. After fecundation, the mother goes at sea for her first meal. At sea, mothers feed on clams, crabs, shrimps, fish (herring, anchovy, Pollock, capelin etc.) and squids. When she is back, the mother recovers her pups at the beach she left them. Suckling occurs after auditive and olfactory recognition had occured. In March-April, the dark brown fur is totally replaced by an adult-like light brownish grey fur during the moult that lasts 1-2 months. This new fur is composed by 2 layers. Externally, the guard fur is composed by flat hairs that recover themselves when wet. By doing so, they make a water-proof barrier for the under fur. The underfur retains air when the seal is dry. Because of isolating properties of the air, the underfur is the insulating system of the fur. In March-April, the fur of adults is partially replaced. First reproduction occurs at 1-yr old in females. Males are physiologically matures at 1 year old but socially matures at +2 years old.
NOTE: The name of Coney Island is commonly thought to be derived from the Dutch Konijn Eylandt or Rabbit Island as apparently the 17th century European settlers noted many rabbits running amuck on the island.
www.takeshiyamada.weebly.com/performances.html
www.takeshiyamada.weebly.com/sea-rabbit-center.html
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www.flickr.com/photos/searabbits23/
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www.flickr.com/photos/yamadaimmortalized2/
www.flickr.com/photos/takeshiyamadaimmortalized/
www.flickr.com/photos/yamadabellhouse2014/
www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders3/
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www.flickr.com/photos/museumofworldwonders/
www.flickr.com/photos/takeshiyamadapaintings/
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For any questions, please email contact Takeshi Yamada, Art & Rogue Taxidermy, Museum of World Wonders, official website. www.takeshiyamada.weebly.com/
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For any questions, please contact Dr. Takeshi Yamada. His email address is posted in the chapter page (the last page or the first page).
(Updated April 7, 2015)
From a time when all cinemas used film, now a very rare sight in UK cinemas.
You had to be fit to lift 2000 ft reels of film six feet or so into the projector.
If you were really fit you asked the manager to buy a Philips projector that could easily take a 3000 ft reel or even up to 1800m, after that it all went down hill when the entire film could be loaded into a tower next to the projector, use a mechanical lifter for those reels of film, or go totally mad with a platter/cake stand.
Best retire and let them go digital, sell the projectors for scrap (if you can find someone to lug them down the flights of stone steps (they left a Bauer and Philips - still there in 2022, but they managed to lug the Kalees' away together with a more modern Kinoton unit which was lifted by just two people).
nl
'Endangered and Extinct' by creative recycling artist Val Hunt, an exhibition at Gloucester Cathedral, Saturday 26 September-Sunday 1 November 2020 in the Cloisters
From the Cathedral's website:
"This exhibition presents a subtle message about recycling and preservation, raising awareness of why the creatures on show are endangered or extinct...
Having worked for the past 29 years as a professional maker, Val Hunt continues to be amazed at the versatility of creative recycling. There is an enormous variety of discarded material just waiting to be reconstructed and given a new identity, especially Val's favourite material of drinks can metal. Intricate constructions and interesting textures are key elements found in her work, humour is also an added ingredient whenever possible.
Through experimentation, ingenuity and skill her work is always changing as she discovers new techniques and ways of constructing recycled materials to signal a new meaning. Her works recycles a diverse selection of throwaway material, from these she creates a fascinating selection of large and small sculptural pieces which are both appealing and informative.
Despite her use of manufactured materials, her main inspiration comes from the natural world. Val has a special interest in endangered and extinct species and most of her work reflects this. She makes animals, exotic birds, dinosaurs, insects and species of flora all on the edge or now extinct.
The increasing awareness of the effects of pollution, climate change, plastic in the Ocean and environment destruction on the habitat have influenced Val's work. She now dedicates her making to highlighting the plight of species that are on the edge or gone forever in her touring educational exhibition 'Endangered and Extinct'...
Val's work has been shown in exhibitions around the UK, Denmark, Japan, United Emirates, USA and toured overseas with the British Council. She has work in many permanent collections."
Superdomain: Neomura
Domain: Eukaryota
(unranked): Unikonta
(unranked): Obazoa
(unranked): Opisthokonta
(unranked) Holozoa
(unranked) Filozoa
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
Clade: ParaHoxozoa
Clade: Bilateria
Clade: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Clade: Eugnathostomata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Subclass: Elasmobranchii
Infraclass: Euselachii
Superorder: Squalomorphii
Order: Hexanchiformes
Family: Hexanchidae
Genus: Hexanchus
Species: H. tusbairicus†
Arthur Bilger
Founder and CEO, WorkingNation
Teresa Ghilarducci
Bernard L. and Irene Schwartz Professor of Economics, The New School for Social Research; Director, Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis and The New School Retirement Equity Lab
Paul Irving
Chairman, Center for the Future of Aging, Milken Institute; Chairman, Encore.org; Distinguished Scholar-in-Residence, University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology
Kathleen Kennedy Townsend
Director, Retirement Security, Economic Policy Institute; Senior Advisor, Rock Creek Group; former Lieutenant Governor, State of Maryland
Penny Pennington
Managing Partner, Edward Jones