View allAll Photos Tagged extented
Through the window, this Kress extented on to main street like so many did.
Built in 1934, this three-story Art Deco building has facades on Fifth and Sixth streets. Designed by Edward F. Sibbert, it
is typical of his work in the early 1930s. The facade is pale brick and terracotta with darker polychrome terracotta spandrels between second- and third-story windows and abstract ornament above the third story and on the parapet coping. Elaborate sales area decor includes srylized acanthus leaf capitals on columns and pilasters, decorative grills, travertine wainscoting, and custom-made light fixtures. In 1957 a two-story addition was built with an entrance placed diagonally, facing the corner on Sixth Street. The addition, although brick and terracotta like the existing building, is largely unornamented. The store closed in 1974, and the building is vacant. The ciry hopes to renovate it.
Meridian Downtown Historic District NRHP #06001249
Credit to: National Building Museum
Urban extents illustrate the shape and area of urbanized places. Urbanized localities are defined as places with with 5,000 or more inhabitants that are delineated by stable night-time lights. For poorly lit areas, alternate sources are used to estimate the extent of cities.
The extent of the clinker 'growth' can clearly be seen - even at this point, some had broken away as we removed grate segments.
Urban extents illustrate the shape and area of urbanized places. Urbanized localities are defined as places with with 5,000 or more inhabitants that are delineated by stable night-time lights. For poorly lit areas, alternate sources are used to estimate the extent of cities.
A shot of Marc Churchill doing a fs ollie out of the extention in the bowl at Bridlington skatepark in East Yorkshire. Its a shame about the blurring on his from foot and the front of the board, im sure i shot this at 1/500 and that normally totally freezes everything. Shot on my Bronica SQ-a with come fuji NPH 160 film. After i shot this i really thought it was going to be out of focus, it was quite a quick shot.
Although the extent of damage is not fully clear yet, preliminary reports indicate localized flooding and wind damage in some areas, particularly in Eastern and Northern Samar. But overall, the impact is fortunately not as bad as initially feared. However, details of some areas remain sketchy due to access constraints, and Typhoon Hagupit is still moving across the country - though it has considerably weakened.
Photo credit: Save the Children
With a high overcast the sky was pretty un-photogenic, so I cropped out as much as possible. To see the full extent of the anticline (with white sky), see the next photo.
Taken NE of Winkelman, Arizona where the Gila River cuts through southern end of the Spring Mountains.
(_A031319-_A031323)
See where this picture was taken. [?]
EXIF data (from first image on left):
---- File ----
FileName : _A031319.JPG
---- EXIF ----
ImageDescription : OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA
Make : OLYMPUS IMAGING CORP.
Model : E-510
Orientation : Horizontal (normal)
XResolution : 314
YResolution : 314
ResolutionUnit : inches
Software : Version 1.3
ModifyDate : 2008:10:03 13:20:23
WhitePoint : 0.313 0.329
PrimaryChromaticities : 0.64 0.33 0.21 0.71 0.15 0.06
YCbCrCoefficients : 0.299 0.587 0.114
YCbCrPositioning : Co-sited
ExposureTime : 1/125
FNumber : 8.0
ExposureProgram : Manual
ISO : 200
ExifVersion : 0221
DateTimeOriginal : 2008:10:03 13:20:23
CreateDate : 2008:10:03 13:20:23
ComponentsConfiguration : YCbCr
ExposureCompensation : 0
MaxApertureValue : 3.5
MeteringMode : Multi-segment
LightSource : Unknown
Flash : Auto, Did not fire
FocalLength : 23.0 mm
UserComment :
FlashpixVersion : 0100
ColorSpace : Uncalibrated
ExifImageWidth : 3648
ExifImageHeight : 2736
InteropIndex : R03 - DCF option file (Adobe RGB)
InteropVersion : 0100
FileSource : Digital Camera
CustomRendered : Normal
ExposureMode : Manual
WhiteBalance : Auto
DigitalZoomRatio : 1
SceneCaptureType : Standard
GainControl : Low gain up
Contrast : Normal
Saturation : Normal
Sharpness : Soft
Gamma : 2.2
Compression : JPEG (old-style)
XResolution : 72
YResolution : 72
ResolutionUnit : inches
ThumbnailOffset : 12992
ThumbnailLength : 10228
---- MakerNotes ----
SpecialMode : Normal, Sequence: 0, Panorama: (none)
CameraID : OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA
EquipmentVersion : 0100
CameraType2 : S0010
SerialNumber : D62564996
InternalSerialNumber : 4046803008997001
FocalPlaneDiagonal : 21.6 mm
BodyFirmwareVersion : 1.300
LensType : Olympus Zuiko Digital ED 14-42mm F3.5-5.6
LensSerialNumber : 212432221
LensFirmwareVersion : 1.003
MaxApertureAtMinFocal : 3.5
MaxApertureAtMaxFocal : 5.6
MinFocalLength : 14
MaxFocalLength : 42
MaxApertureAtCurrentFocal : 4.7
LensProperties : 0xc043
Extender : None
ExtenderSerialNumber :
ExtenderModel :
ExtenderFirmwareVersion : 0
FlashType : None
FlashModel : None
FlashFirmwareVersion : 0
FlashSerialNumber :
CameraSettingsVersion : 0100
PreviewImageValid : Yes
PreviewImageStart : 6584864
PreviewImageLength : 408988
ExposureMode : Manual
AELock : Off
MeteringMode : Pattern+AF
MacroMode : Off
FocusMode : MF
FocusProcess : AF Used
AFSearch : Ready
AFAreas : Center (121,121)-(133,133)
FlashMode : Off
FlashExposureComp : 0
WhiteBalance2 : Auto
WhiteBalanceTemperature : Auto
WhiteBalanceBracket : 0 0
CustomSaturation : 0 (min -5, max 5)
ModifiedSaturation : Off
ContrastSetting : 0 (min -5, max 5)
SharpnessSetting : -1 (min -5, max 5)
ColorSpace : Adobe RGB
SceneMode : Standard
NoiseReduction : Noise Reduction
DistortionCorrection : Off
ShadingCompensation : Off
CompressionFactor : 2.7
Gradation : Normal
PictureMode : Natural
PictureModeSaturation : 0 (min -2, max 2)
PictureModeContrast : 0 (min -2, max 2)
PictureModeSharpness : 0 (min -2, max 2)
PictureModeBWFilter : n/a
PictureModeTone : n/a
NoiseFilter : Low
DriveMode : Single Shot
PanoramaMode : Off
ImageQuality2 : SHQ
ManometerPressure : 0 kPa
ManometerReading : 0 m, 0 ft
RawDevVersion : 0100
RawDevExposureBiasValue : 0
RawDevWhiteBalanceValue : 0
RawDevWBFineAdjustment : 0
RawDevGrayPoint : 0 0 0
RawDevSaturationEmphasis : 0 0 0
RawDevMemoryColorEmphasis : 0
RawDevContrastValue : 0 0 0
RawDevSharpnessValue : 0 0 0
RawDevColorSpace : sRGB
RawDevEngine : High Speed
RawDevNoiseReduction : (none)
RawDevEditStatus : Original
RawDevSettings : (none)
ImageProcessingVersion : 0111
WB_RBLevels : 470 368
ColorMatrix : 232 64 -40 -28 338 -52 -4 -66 328
BlackLevel2 : 73 72 73 73
GainBase : 256
CropLeft : 28 0
CropTop : 26 0
CropWidth : 3648
CropHeight : 2736
NoiseReduction2 : (none)
DistortionCorrection2 : Off
ShadingCompensation2 : Off
FaceDetect : Off
FaceDetectArea : (Binary data 159 bytes, use -b option to extract)
FocusInfoVersion : 0100
SceneDetect : 0
ZoomStepCount : 10
FocusStepCount : 321
FocusDistance : 1.545 m
AFPoint : Center (vertical)
ExternalFlash : Off
ExternalFlashBounce : Bounce or Off
ExternalFlashZoom : 0
InternalFlash : Off
ManualFlash : Off
SensorTemperature : 512
ImageStabilization : On, Mode 1
This is where the Metrolink extention will be, it will run from Piccadilly Station to Ashton-under-Lyne via Sportcity and along Asthon New Road in Clayton and will also cut through the very heart of nearby Droylsden.
Taken on Saturday 10th July
Image available for purchase from www.ballaratheritage.com.au
Victorian Heritage Register information
Extent of Registration
1. All the buildings marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
B1 Bathhouse consisting of the original bathhouse (1895), brick extension (1922) and brick chimney (1936)
B2 Pavilion and Kiosk (1907, 1939)
B3 Sound Shell (1971)
B4 Caretaker's Cottage (early 20th Century)
2. All of the structures marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
S1 Soda Spring
S2 Locarno Spring
S3 Sulphur Spring
3. The tree marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
T1 Sequioadendron giganteum
4. All the land marked L1 on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director including Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve Crown Land Parcel P109606, Mineral Springs and Public Park Reserve Crown Land Parcel P109666 and Hepburn Springs Spa Complex Parcel 31D24
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is approximately 30 hectares of public land adjacent to Hepburn Springs township that includes the Hepburn Mineral Springs Spa Complex. The reserve contains a series of mineral springs that have been in continuous public use for drinking and bathing since the mid-19th century are the best known of the large concentration of more than 100 mineral springs in Victoria's Central Highlands first systematically inventoried by the Geological Survey of Victoria in 1910 under Director of E.J. Dunn (1904 - 1912). A reserve of 0.5 hectares was first created on the site in 1868 to protect the springs from surrounding gold mining activities. The extent of the reserve was increased to its present size in the early 20th century as a result of local pressure for protection of the mineral springs local pressure and on the recommendation of Dunn that a network of Mineral Springs Reserves of standard size be established throughout Victoria.
Although the local community, in particular the Swiss-Italian migrants, had regularly used the springs since at least the 1870s, it was the construction of the rail line to nearby Daylesford in 1880 that markedly increased the accessibility of the springs to tourists who came in increasing numbers to 'take the waters'. By the 1890s a bath house had been established at the springs offering a range of hydrotherapies, reflecting the popularity of health tourism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The popularity of the Springs continued through the first decades of the 20th century and into the inter-war years, but declined rapidly after the Second World War. In the 1980s resurgence in the popularity of the Hepburn Mineral Springs led to substantial renovation of the spa bath house. The Reserve continues to be a major Victorian tourist destination.
The topography of the Reserve is dominated by a gully, through which Spring Creek runs and along which the Reserves' three main springs, the Soda, Locarno and Sulphur springs are located. The springs have been modified over time, with infrastructure in place from the early 20th century to permit water to be collected by efficient and sanitary means for use in the bath house and for drinking. The Locarno Spring, identified in 1914 and named in honour of a prominent Swiss-Italian community member, is permanently set aside for public use. Members of the local Swiss community were also responsible for construction of the swimming pool on Spring Creek in the south of the reserve in the late 1920s (H1865).
The landscape, once reflecting mining activities, is now a picturesque combination of regrowth native vegetation and exotic trees on the higher land while along the creek are cultivated parklands of lawn, exotic deciduous trees and conifers and ornamental plantings and paving, much of which is Castlemaine slate. Many of the exotic trees were planted by local communities in an effort to beautify the reserve, provide shade in summer and create a landscape reminiscent of European spa centres. The main lawn area or Picnic Park, is dominated by a single Sierra Redwood (Sequioadentrum giganteum) specimen planted in 1901 to commemorate Federation.
Within the garden landscape along the creek are a number of buildings associated with the recreational use of the mineral springs since late 19th century including the only extant 19th century mineral springs bathhouse in Victoria. This brick building was erected in 1895 and extended in the 1920s with the addition of further baths and waiting room (1922) followed by a boiler house. This structure continued in use until the late 1980s when major renovations and additions were undertaken creating the Hepburn Springs Spa Complex in which external fabric of the original bath house and 1920s extension was retained along with a brick chimney from the boiler house. To the south of the bath house a timber pavilion was erected in 1897 to provide shelter for visitors. This was replaced in 1908 by the extant Edwardian red brick hexagonal pavilion in which community dances and other social functions were held in the inter-war period and which continues to serve as a shelter for visitors. An adjoining kiosk, also in red brick was added on the north side of the pavilion in 1939.
There are a number of other buildings in the Reserve including the caretakers cottage, a single storey weatherboard cottage probably dating to the early 20th century, and the Sound Shell, a small concrete block structure in the Picnic Park erected in 1971 by the Hepburn Springs Progress Association to provide an open air performance space.
How is it significant?
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic, social, aesthetic and scientific significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it Significant?
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of historical significance as an intact and authentic expression of 19th and early 20th century nature and health tourism in Victoria, made popular through the development of the country rail network and also reflected in the construction of the Mount Buffalo Chalet in 1910 (H0901) and development of the Buchan Caves Reserve in the first decades of the 20th century (H1978). The rapid rise in the popularity of the Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve in the late 19th century was specifically related to the then popular belief in the recuperative and invigorating powers of 'taking the waters'.
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic significance as the best known and most popular of Victoria's mineral springs, in continuous use since at least the 1870s. Hepburn Springs is the only mineral spa development with a surviving 19th century bath house.
Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of scientific significance for the geological feature of the mineral springs themselves, each of which has a unique chemical composition, and for the Reserve's association with the establishment of the network of Mineral Reserves in Victoria in the early 20th century through the Geological Survey of Victoria and its Director E. J Dunn (1904 - 1912).
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of aesthetic significance as a constructed picturesque and evocative cultural landscape combining exotic, European, plantings with indigenous vegetation, exhibiting a high degree of authenticity especially in the largely intact pavilion and surviving fabric of the 19th century bath house set amid the garden landscape.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance to the people of Victoria as a highly popular place of recreation and source of mineral water for public use.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance for its association with European migrant communities in Victoria, in particular the Swiss-Italian community who recognised the therapeutic value of the springs in the 19th century, who continue to have a strong attachment to the place and who contribute to the conservation of the springs through community action.
There are two separate parks which may be related but in general most tourist guides are unaware of this fact to the extent that some claim that Anna Livia is located in the park beside the the Museum Luas Tram Stop.
The major park, the one normally associated with the museum, is officially the Croppies Acre 1798 Memorial Park while the smaller park featuring Anna Livia and a small pond is the Croppies Memorial Park. The distinction is important because the larger park has been closed to the public for extended periods.
For many years due to anti-social behaviour, mainly drugs related, the major memorial park was off-limits to the public. There was also problems with homeless people occupying parts of the park. Even today, there was a tent towards one corner of the park. One cannot blame the homeless for taking advantage of the available space.
On Tuesday, 14th June at 2:00 p.m. the Croppies Acre 1798 Memorial Park, Wolfe Tone Quay, Dublin 7 was once again open to the public but I did not get a chance to visit until today. Having been conditioned to the park being always closed I found the fact that the gates were partly opened a little bit unsettling and as I was the only person [if one ignores the tent and one person who left immediately I arrived] in the park I was a bit worried that an official might come along and lock the gates without informing me. This has happened to me in the past elsewhere.
Following discussions in 2013 with the Office of Public Works it was agreed that the management of the 4.3 acre Park would transfer from the Office of Public Works to Dublin City Council.
Dublin City Council’s Parks and Landscape Services have carried out an extensive works programme to upgrade the park and make it more accessible for the citizens of Dublin and visitors to the city.
The works include a new circulatory path system, upgrading of the existing pedestrian gates and the provision of a new pedestrian gate at the south west end of the park. Existing memorial structures have been upgraded and general landscape improvement works have been carried out. The total cost of the works, were in the order of €120,000.
To be fair the park was in excellent condition when I visited today but the presence of a tent was a bit worrying as was the careless attitude to properly opening the gates.
The name ‘Croppy’ was used in Ireland in the 1790s and was a reference to the rebels who closely cropped their hair to mimic the French Revolutionaries of the period who cut their hair in contrast to the aristocracy who wore powdered wigs.
Historically the Croppies Acre was located on land under common pasturage and part of what was termed ‘Oxmantown Green’.
In the 17th century, a portion was later presented to the Viceroy, the Duke of Ormond to build a palace, however this was never built and the site was sold to the City Authorities for a Barracks. Built in 1704, it served as a military base for 250 years, it was formally the Royal Barracks and later Collins Barracks.
The Esplanade where the Croppies Acre is located today was fully constructed by the 1850s, complete with boundary walls and ornate railings. During the Great Famine, the Esplanade was the site of a food kitchen. By the 1900s, the land was levelled to form two football pitches for the military. In 1997, the Decorative Arts Section of the National Museum was opened in Collins Barracks and the Memorial Park was subsequently designed and laid out in 1998.
Image available for purchase from www.ballaratheritage.com.au
Victorian Heritage Register information
Extent of Registration
1. All the buildings marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
B1 Bathhouse consisting of the original bathhouse (1895), brick extension (1922) and brick chimney (1936)
B2 Pavilion and Kiosk (1907, 1939)
B3 Sound Shell (1971)
B4 Caretaker's Cottage (early 20th Century)
2. All of the structures marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
S1 Soda Spring
S2 Locarno Spring
S3 Sulphur Spring
3. The tree marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
T1 Sequioadendron giganteum
4. All the land marked L1 on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director including Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve Crown Land Parcel P109606, Mineral Springs and Public Park Reserve Crown Land Parcel P109666 and Hepburn Springs Spa Complex Parcel 31D24
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is approximately 30 hectares of public land adjacent to Hepburn Springs township that includes the Hepburn Mineral Springs Spa Complex. The reserve contains a series of mineral springs that have been in continuous public use for drinking and bathing since the mid-19th century are the best known of the large concentration of more than 100 mineral springs in Victoria's Central Highlands first systematically inventoried by the Geological Survey of Victoria in 1910 under Director of E.J. Dunn (1904 - 1912). A reserve of 0.5 hectares was first created on the site in 1868 to protect the springs from surrounding gold mining activities. The extent of the reserve was increased to its present size in the early 20th century as a result of local pressure for protection of the mineral springs local pressure and on the recommendation of Dunn that a network of Mineral Springs Reserves of standard size be established throughout Victoria.
Although the local community, in particular the Swiss-Italian migrants, had regularly used the springs since at least the 1870s, it was the construction of the rail line to nearby Daylesford in 1880 that markedly increased the accessibility of the springs to tourists who came in increasing numbers to 'take the waters'. By the 1890s a bath house had been established at the springs offering a range of hydrotherapies, reflecting the popularity of health tourism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The popularity of the Springs continued through the first decades of the 20th century and into the inter-war years, but declined rapidly after the Second World War. In the 1980s resurgence in the popularity of the Hepburn Mineral Springs led to substantial renovation of the spa bath house. The Reserve continues to be a major Victorian tourist destination.
The topography of the Reserve is dominated by a gully, through which Spring Creek runs and along which the Reserves' three main springs, the Soda, Locarno and Sulphur springs are located. The springs have been modified over time, with infrastructure in place from the early 20th century to permit water to be collected by efficient and sanitary means for use in the bath house and for drinking. The Locarno Spring, identified in 1914 and named in honour of a prominent Swiss-Italian community member, is permanently set aside for public use. Members of the local Swiss community were also responsible for construction of the swimming pool on Spring Creek in the south of the reserve in the late 1920s (H1865).
The landscape, once reflecting mining activities, is now a picturesque combination of regrowth native vegetation and exotic trees on the higher land while along the creek are cultivated parklands of lawn, exotic deciduous trees and conifers and ornamental plantings and paving, much of which is Castlemaine slate. Many of the exotic trees were planted by local communities in an effort to beautify the reserve, provide shade in summer and create a landscape reminiscent of European spa centres. The main lawn area or Picnic Park, is dominated by a single Sierra Redwood (Sequioadentrum giganteum) specimen planted in 1901 to commemorate Federation.
Within the garden landscape along the creek are a number of buildings associated with the recreational use of the mineral springs since late 19th century including the only extant 19th century mineral springs bathhouse in Victoria. This brick building was erected in 1895 and extended in the 1920s with the addition of further baths and waiting room (1922) followed by a boiler house. This structure continued in use until the late 1980s when major renovations and additions were undertaken creating the Hepburn Springs Spa Complex in which external fabric of the original bath house and 1920s extension was retained along with a brick chimney from the boiler house. To the south of the bath house a timber pavilion was erected in 1897 to provide shelter for visitors. This was replaced in 1908 by the extant Edwardian red brick hexagonal pavilion in which community dances and other social functions were held in the inter-war period and which continues to serve as a shelter for visitors. An adjoining kiosk, also in red brick was added on the north side of the pavilion in 1939.
There are a number of other buildings in the Reserve including the caretakers cottage, a single storey weatherboard cottage probably dating to the early 20th century, and the Sound Shell, a small concrete block structure in the Picnic Park erected in 1971 by the Hepburn Springs Progress Association to provide an open air performance space.
How is it significant?
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic, social, aesthetic and scientific significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it Significant?
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of historical significance as an intact and authentic expression of 19th and early 20th century nature and health tourism in Victoria, made popular through the development of the country rail network and also reflected in the construction of the Mount Buffalo Chalet in 1910 (H0901) and development of the Buchan Caves Reserve in the first decades of the 20th century (H1978). The rapid rise in the popularity of the Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve in the late 19th century was specifically related to the then popular belief in the recuperative and invigorating powers of 'taking the waters'.
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic significance as the best known and most popular of Victoria's mineral springs, in continuous use since at least the 1870s. Hepburn Springs is the only mineral spa development with a surviving 19th century bath house.
Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of scientific significance for the geological feature of the mineral springs themselves, each of which has a unique chemical composition, and for the Reserve's association with the establishment of the network of Mineral Reserves in Victoria in the early 20th century through the Geological Survey of Victoria and its Director E. J Dunn (1904 - 1912).
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of aesthetic significance as a constructed picturesque and evocative cultural landscape combining exotic, European, plantings with indigenous vegetation, exhibiting a high degree of authenticity especially in the largely intact pavilion and surviving fabric of the 19th century bath house set amid the garden landscape.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance to the people of Victoria as a highly popular place of recreation and source of mineral water for public use.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance for its association with European migrant communities in Victoria, in particular the Swiss-Italian community who recognised the therapeutic value of the springs in the 19th century, who continue to have a strong attachment to the place and who contribute to the conservation of the springs through community action.
لاتنسوا دعم الشارع لمرسي .SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 2012
Mursi between international acceptance and among Islamic reference.
President Mursi humanly and regardless of their religion Islamic man loved by all to the extent that his opponents also love him .. Authorized man acceptable, also see him internally that sort Fund ie it elected by the people internally .. but talk comes through the reservation world and this explained Finally, through the recent events to the effects of the film offending Islam and president's remarks Mursi and interview those statements universally kind of fear of what is brought by the growth of the Islamic movement states revolutions Arab Spring .. and here we say when he met the clergy world-wide meeting on the background of so-called dialogue of religions and resulted from the results met the audience attic a peaceful coexistence between countries of the world and respect for religions of peoples to each other without exposure to the rituals of one of one of the rituals and worship different peoples for worship others .. no freedom of beliefs .. and if it was said by the West to designate religious extremism or terrorism فمردود it also within the West itself and what happened from the events in Norway to address Christian man to kill more than seventy spirit and Nbaraih Court has reasons of that psychopath this unfortunate very unfortunate in what logic and any custom Away law be Nbaraih man killed more than seventy spirit innocent without his fault Aogerm do that heinous crime in the other Nbaraih arbitrator .. I want to say and the other as they call our Egyptian vernacular that such phenomena exist in all countries of the world and Aacol because he linked CONNECT religion Aoaqidh or religion As I said before and I as a Muslim I condemn what happened Balnroih and affected so heavily influenced by a human being regardless of belief or to convert to a religion never but ماأريد to say is that religion is for God and the world for all without link up or contraindications Hrasah a Mainade by Islam Kmatkd religion and land are all human beings live faithful cooperation and love for architecture to land Mainade expe President Mohamed Morsi, which his reference Islamic counted for him to not take attic man Friendly and loving in all his speeches find that the feelings of humanity flowing from verbal lying nascent peace for everyone and fear stemming from the phenomenon of phobias Islam must fall back in the presence of Mercy as head of the largest Muslim country in the Middle East and that his hand only Labida contain bogeyman Iran to the West .. only one who can contain genie Iranian and lured him pretext of love in Islam and is the specter of war and Nazeera for the world should be to the world and particularly the State of America to extend the fledgling with confidence and love of President Meyers and dealing with the treatment of a friend and ally and away from the manifestations of apathy Egyptian-American relationship for the benefit of the world.
Urban extents illustrate the shape and area of urbanized places. Urbanized localities are defined as places with with 5,000 or more inhabitants that are delineated by stable night-time lights. For poorly lit areas, alternate sources are used to estimate the extent of cities.
Britney Spears and her posse arrive at Johnny Rockets in Calabasas where britney has stains on her pants, an ill fitting bra and some new hair extentions. At least she is trynig to pull it together even though she is eating junk food! September 9, 2010 X17online.com exclusive
Number:
175374
Date created:
1891
Extent:
1 photographic print on cabinet card mount : albumen ; 5.5 x 4.5 in.
Rights:
Photograph may be subject to copyright restrictions. Contact the Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives for reproduction permissions.
Subjects:
Johns Hopkins Hospital School of Nursing--People
Robb, Isabel Hampton
Nursing students--Maryland--Baltimore--1890-1900
Nurses--Maryland--Baltimore--1890-1900
Cabinet cards
Portrait photographs
Notes: Individual student cabinet card portraits for this class year were originally matted and framed inside a larger class montage. Due to age, the embrittled outer mat and dried acidic adhesive were noticeably causing damage to the individual cabinet card prints. Archives staff removed the individual cabinet cards from the outer mat, removed dried adhesive, and rehoused the prints in new archival paper enclosures.
The south coast of Svalbard has iced up, which hasn't happened for years, even though the current total Arctic ice cover is consistent with the trend towards declining extent. There might be something in the reports that the north Atlantic drift is weakening.
Construction of the present cathedral
On 10 June 1194, another fire caused extensive damage to Fulbert's cathedral. The true extent of the damage is unknown, though the fact that the lead cames holding the west windows together survived the conflagration intact suggests contemporary accounts of the terrible devastation may have been exaggerated. Either way, the opportunity was taken to begin a complete rebuilding of the choir and nave in the latest style. The undamaged western towers and façade were incorporated into the new works, as was the earlier crypt, effectively limiting the designers of the new building to the same general plan as its predecessor. In fact the present building is only marginally longer than Fulbert's cathedral.
One of the unusual features of Chartres cathedral is the speed with which it was built – a factor which helped contribute to the consistency of its design. Even though there were innumerable changes to the details, the plan remains remarkably consistent. The major change occurred six years after work began when the seven deep chapels around the choir opening off a single ambulatory were turned into shallow recesses opening off a double-aisled ambulatory.[11]
Australian architectural historian John James, who made a detailed study of the cathedral, has estimated that there were about 300 men working on the site at any one time, although it has to be acknowledged that our knowledge of working practices at this time is somewhat limited. Normally medieval churches were built from east to west so that the choir could be completed first and put into use (with a temporary wall sealing off the west end) while the crossing and nave were completed. Canon Delaporte argued that building work started at the crossing and proceeded outwards from there,[12] but the evidence in the stonework itself is unequivocal, especially within the level of the triforium: the nave was at all times more advanced than ambulatory bays of the choir, and this has been confirmed by dendrochronology.
The history of the cathedral has been plagued by more theories than any other, a singular problem for those attempting to discover the truth. For example Louis Grodecki argued that the lateral doors of the transept portals were cut through the walls at a later date,[13] and van der Meulan that they had wanted to rebuild the western portals (then only 50 years old).[14] None of these theories refer back to the actual stonework, and it is only when you have done so, as John James did exhaustively in 1969, that you realize that the construction process was in fact simple and logical.
It is important to remember that the builders were not working on a clean site but would have had to clear back the rubble and surviving parts of the old church as they built the new. Nevertheless, work progressed rapidly. The south porch with most of its sculpture was installed by 1210, and by 1215 the north porch had been completed and the western rose installed.[15] The nave high vaults were erected in the 1220s, the canons moved into their new stalls in 1221 under a temporary roof at the level of the clerestory, and the transept roses were erected over the subsequent two decades. The high vaults over the choir were not built until the last years of the 1250s, as has just been discovered.[16] The cathedral was then dedicated in 1260 by King Louis whose coat of arms was painted over the apsidal boss.
Each arm of the transept was originally meant to support two towers, two more were to flank the choir, and there was to have been a central lantern over the crossing – nine towers in all. Plans for a crossing tower were abandoned in 1221 and the crossing was vaulted over. Work on the remaining six towers continued at a slower pace for some decades, until it was decided to leave them without spires (as at Laon Cathedral and elsewhere). The cathedral was consecrated in 1260, in the presence of King Louis IX.
The extent to which hedge funds should be regulated is one of the key issues facing MEPs on the Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee. In the spring they must square the circle and find consensus around a directive on to what extent to regulate such "alternative investment funds". Many on the left want more regulation whilst the right fears such steps will stifle the industry or force it out of the EU. Parliament's rapporteur for the issue is Jean-Paul Gauzès, from the centre-right EPP group.
www.europarl.europa.eu/news/public/story_page/042-66078-3...
©European Parliament/Pietro Naj-Oleari
Built 1911, replacing the 1867 building, closed 1969, now offices.
“recommend. . . to make provision in the Estimates for. the year 1866, to an extent not exceeding £1,000, for the purpose of building-a Police Station and cells in Hindmarsh, and providing for one-half the cost of two police-constables to be stationed in that locality. . . This locality was thickly populated. . . The Hon. A Blyth had no doubt that Hindmarsh required a Police Station, but there were other places which equally required it. Before granting a Police Station so near the Gaol and the railway, he thought the claims of Mount Pleasant in this respect should be considered.” [Adelaide Express 16 Nov 1865[
“Drawings of Works Commenced. Hindmarsh Police Station.” [Advertiser 5 Jul 1866]
“the Hindmarsh and Bowden Home Mission interested themselves with the Central Destitute Board with a view of the aged and destitute poor obtaining Government rations in the district, and some members of the Mission applied for a room at the Police Station for the monthly use of the Destitute Board to issue rations, but they found that only two rooms were provided at the station for the officer in charge, with a wife and several children.” [Register 13 Feb 1883]
“Public Buildings. . . also, including old buildings where extensive additions have been made during the year. . . Hindmarsh Police Station— Additions, &c. [£]200.” [Register 31 Dec 1883]
“Hindmarsh Police Station. . . the members for West Torrens (Messrs. Gould and Brooker) waited upon the Chief Secretary and asked that a more suitable site might be chosen for the Hindmarsh Station, which was now awkwardly situated in a back street near the Port-road.” [Register 24 Feb 1891]
“On July 24 Mr. John Isbell, a colonist of nearly 40 years, and resident of Hindmarsh for that time, died at Robert-street, Hindmarsh, at the age of 62 years. For some years he carried on a business as blacksmith on the block of land on which the Hindmarsh police station stands. He leaves a wife, two sons, one daughter, and ten grandchildren.” [Chronicle 1 Aug 1896]
“Hindmarsh Police Station. . . the living accommodation for the head officer and his subordinates was so disgraceful. . . not only bad but inadequate. . . The enclosure used as a kitchen by the present occupiers was of galvanized iron and badly ventilated. . . the building — which was erected 40 years ago. . . No bath or conveniences of that kind were provided on any part of the premises and for a wash the tap and sink at the rear were the only places available.” Register 14 Apr 1907]
“A long while ago it was announced that money had been voted for making additions to the Hindmarsh Police Station buildings, but so far not a stone has been turned. . . It is said that £1,400 will be spent, and another story added to the present structure.” [Register 26 Jan 1910]
“Tenders have been received for the alterations to the Hindmarsh police station, but as they are higher than was anticipated owing, it is said, to present trade conditions, ít ís not known what the Government will do. . . The alterations will be extensive, and when the building is completed it will be almost entirely new. The office on the ground floor. . . [and] two rooms. . . for the single constables. A new story will be added, and there will be five rooms. . . The new front will be imposing, with a bold colonnade, over which the upper floor will project, supported by iron stanchions and reinforced concrete. The present cells will be demolished and new ones erected at the rear.” [Advertiser 7 May 1910]
“good progress with the new police station at Hindmarsh. The old building has been demolished, and the-erection of the new premises has been begun. . . During alterations a dwelling house adjacent to the police station has been secured by the department, and Sergeant Radford and his rnen are settled in their temporary home.” [Daily Herald 20 Jul 1910]
“The Hindmarsh Police-station has been converted into a two-storey building. . . The upper rooms are for the use of the officer in charge and his family, and those below for the other members of the force. New cells have been built some distance away from the main building at the rear. The officer in charge is Sergeant Radford, and he has three constables under his charge. He has the oversight of the Thebarton and Kilkenny stations.” [Advertiser 2 Jun 1911]
“Hindmarsh. . . it was proposal to erect a lamp pillar on the footpath alongside the watertable in front of the police station. . . Granted.” [Register 13 Jun 1911]
Image available for purchase from www.ballaratheritage.com.au
Victorian Heritage Register information
Extent of Registration
1. All the buildings marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
B1 Bathhouse consisting of the original bathhouse (1895), brick extension (1922) and brick chimney (1936)
B2 Pavilion and Kiosk (1907, 1939)
B3 Sound Shell (1971)
B4 Caretaker's Cottage (early 20th Century)
2. All of the structures marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
S1 Soda Spring
S2 Locarno Spring
S3 Sulphur Spring
3. The tree marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
T1 Sequioadendron giganteum
4. All the land marked L1 on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director including Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve Crown Land Parcel P109606, Mineral Springs and Public Park Reserve Crown Land Parcel P109666 and Hepburn Springs Spa Complex Parcel 31D24
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is approximately 30 hectares of public land adjacent to Hepburn Springs township that includes the Hepburn Mineral Springs Spa Complex. The reserve contains a series of mineral springs that have been in continuous public use for drinking and bathing since the mid-19th century are the best known of the large concentration of more than 100 mineral springs in Victoria's Central Highlands first systematically inventoried by the Geological Survey of Victoria in 1910 under Director of E.J. Dunn (1904 - 1912). A reserve of 0.5 hectares was first created on the site in 1868 to protect the springs from surrounding gold mining activities. The extent of the reserve was increased to its present size in the early 20th century as a result of local pressure for protection of the mineral springs local pressure and on the recommendation of Dunn that a network of Mineral Springs Reserves of standard size be established throughout Victoria.
Although the local community, in particular the Swiss-Italian migrants, had regularly used the springs since at least the 1870s, it was the construction of the rail line to nearby Daylesford in 1880 that markedly increased the accessibility of the springs to tourists who came in increasing numbers to 'take the waters'. By the 1890s a bath house had been established at the springs offering a range of hydrotherapies, reflecting the popularity of health tourism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The popularity of the Springs continued through the first decades of the 20th century and into the inter-war years, but declined rapidly after the Second World War. In the 1980s resurgence in the popularity of the Hepburn Mineral Springs led to substantial renovation of the spa bath house. The Reserve continues to be a major Victorian tourist destination.
The topography of the Reserve is dominated by a gully, through which Spring Creek runs and along which the Reserves' three main springs, the Soda, Locarno and Sulphur springs are located. The springs have been modified over time, with infrastructure in place from the early 20th century to permit water to be collected by efficient and sanitary means for use in the bath house and for drinking. The Locarno Spring, identified in 1914 and named in honour of a prominent Swiss-Italian community member, is permanently set aside for public use. Members of the local Swiss community were also responsible for construction of the swimming pool on Spring Creek in the south of the reserve in the late 1920s (H1865).
The landscape, once reflecting mining activities, is now a picturesque combination of regrowth native vegetation and exotic trees on the higher land while along the creek are cultivated parklands of lawn, exotic deciduous trees and conifers and ornamental plantings and paving, much of which is Castlemaine slate. Many of the exotic trees were planted by local communities in an effort to beautify the reserve, provide shade in summer and create a landscape reminiscent of European spa centres. The main lawn area or Picnic Park, is dominated by a single Sierra Redwood (Sequioadentrum giganteum) specimen planted in 1901 to commemorate Federation.
Within the garden landscape along the creek are a number of buildings associated with the recreational use of the mineral springs since late 19th century including the only extant 19th century mineral springs bathhouse in Victoria. This brick building was erected in 1895 and extended in the 1920s with the addition of further baths and waiting room (1922) followed by a boiler house. This structure continued in use until the late 1980s when major renovations and additions were undertaken creating the Hepburn Springs Spa Complex in which external fabric of the original bath house and 1920s extension was retained along with a brick chimney from the boiler house. To the south of the bath house a timber pavilion was erected in 1897 to provide shelter for visitors. This was replaced in 1908 by the extant Edwardian red brick hexagonal pavilion in which community dances and other social functions were held in the inter-war period and which continues to serve as a shelter for visitors. An adjoining kiosk, also in red brick was added on the north side of the pavilion in 1939.
There are a number of other buildings in the Reserve including the caretakers cottage, a single storey weatherboard cottage probably dating to the early 20th century, and the Sound Shell, a small concrete block structure in the Picnic Park erected in 1971 by the Hepburn Springs Progress Association to provide an open air performance space.
How is it significant?
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic, social, aesthetic and scientific significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it Significant?
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of historical significance as an intact and authentic expression of 19th and early 20th century nature and health tourism in Victoria, made popular through the development of the country rail network and also reflected in the construction of the Mount Buffalo Chalet in 1910 (H0901) and development of the Buchan Caves Reserve in the first decades of the 20th century (H1978). The rapid rise in the popularity of the Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve in the late 19th century was specifically related to the then popular belief in the recuperative and invigorating powers of 'taking the waters'.
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic significance as the best known and most popular of Victoria's mineral springs, in continuous use since at least the 1870s. Hepburn Springs is the only mineral spa development with a surviving 19th century bath house.
Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of scientific significance for the geological feature of the mineral springs themselves, each of which has a unique chemical composition, and for the Reserve's association with the establishment of the network of Mineral Reserves in Victoria in the early 20th century through the Geological Survey of Victoria and its Director E. J Dunn (1904 - 1912).
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of aesthetic significance as a constructed picturesque and evocative cultural landscape combining exotic, European, plantings with indigenous vegetation, exhibiting a high degree of authenticity especially in the largely intact pavilion and surviving fabric of the 19th century bath house set amid the garden landscape.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance to the people of Victoria as a highly popular place of recreation and source of mineral water for public use.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance for its association with European migrant communities in Victoria, in particular the Swiss-Italian community who recognised the therapeutic value of the springs in the 19th century, who continue to have a strong attachment to the place and who contribute to the conservation of the springs through community action.
"The American Cemetery at Colleville-sur- Mer is situated on the top of the cliff overlooking the famous Omaha Beach. The cemetery, 172 acres in extent, is one of fourteen American World War II Cemeteries constructed on foreign soil. Beyond the reception building, you will see a magnificent semi-circular memorial. Centered in the open arc of the memorial is a bronze statue which represents “The Spirit of American Youth rising from the waves”. In the extension of the ornamental lake there is a central path leading to the 10 grave plots where 9 387 soldiers are buried among which are 4 women and 307 unknown soldiers.
The crosses are oriented Westwards, towards their native land. The precisely aligned headstones against the immaculately maintained emerald green lawn and the omnipresence of the sea convey an unforgettable feeling of peace and serenity. At the crossing of the main paths laid in the form of a Latin Cross, the Chapel shelters a black marble altar on which is the inscription : “I give them eternal life and they shall never perish”. In the garden of the missing located behind the memorial is a semi-circular wall containing the names of 1 557 missing in the region.
The little haven of verdure invites you to meditation and memory. The Normandy American Cemetery is maintained by the American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC), an independent agency created in 1923 by the Congress of the United States of America and attached to the executive branch of the US Gouvernment. The Commission is responsible for commemorating the services and achievements of the United States Armed Forces through the execution of suitable memory shrines, for designing, constructing, operating and maintaining permanent US military cemeteries and memorials in foreign countries. No one enters the Colleville Cemetery by chance, it must be a voluntary process. The visitor prepares himself to penetrate with attention and contemplation a piece of United States in France."
www.musee-memorial-omaha.com/en/partenaire/american-cemet...
www.abmc.gov/cemeteries-memorials/europe/normandy-america...
"Located between Arromanches and Grandcamp Maisy, on the Normandy coast, the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial is a haven of peace which encourages contemplation. Here, in a beautifully green space perched upon a cliff overlooking Omaha Beach, about 10,000 perfectly aligned white crosses point towards America. In fact, within 173 acres, the cemetery of Omaha gives a home to the fallen American soldiers who sacrificed their lives in the name of freedom during World War II, namely the first episode of the battle of Normandy, “Operation Overlord” which commenced on 6th June 1944.
As well as this cemetery, the Omaha Beach site – a codename for one of the 5 ally landing sectors – is home to a semi-circle memorial, where at the centre is a bronze statue titled The Spirit of American Youth Rising from the Waves. A chapel and orientation table stand just a stone’s throw away, pointing towards the beaches where the allied forces landed in 1944. Discover the museum here which puts into perspective the daily life of these soldiers in France, who fought for liberty. Film, reconstitutions, uniform collections, weapons and vehicles will throw you into the heart of the history of the Normandy landings.
Outside of Omaha Beach, the landing beaches of Sword Beach, Juno Beach, Gold Beach and Utah Beach were the centre stage for the largest airborne military operation in history. Amongst these places of remembrance, Omaha Beach is the place where The Allies lost the majority of their troops. It is also a small corner of America on French turf: given to the US, these Normand territories are managed by the American Battle Monuments Commission."
us.france.fr/en/discover/normandy-visit-omaha-beach-ameri...
The present parish of Ash, more than 7,000 acres in extent and one of the largest in Kent, was once only a part of the great manor of Wingham. Originally a royal manor, Wingham was given by King Athelstan of Kent to the See of Canterbury about 850 : it covered the present parishes of Ash, Goodnestone, Nonington, Wingham and parts of Staple and Womenswold.
In a list of churches probably made in 1071, in which 'Aesce' is said to belong to Wingham, mention is also made of an apparently more important church 'de Raette', as well as one at 'Fleota' belonging to the manor of Folkestone. If, as seems likely, 'de Raette' refers to Richborough, this is the only record of that church; but the chapel of Fleet, actually within the 3rd century Roman walls of Richborough Castle, continued in use until the 16th century. Leland in the time of Henry VIII wrote that 'withyn the castel is a lytle paroche Chirch of S. Augustine'. it was believed that when St. Augustine first stepped ashore in England in 597 the impression of his foot was miraculously left upon a stone. This relic was afterwards kept in this chapel dedicated to him, and pilgrims flocked there upon the anniversary of the landing to pray and to recover their health. Excavations have uncovered the ground plan of the chapel, and confirm that it was pre-Norman in origin. Excavations in the northwest comer of the Roman fort have also, revealed the foundations and font of an even earlier church of c.400, one of the earliest Christian structures known in Britain.
By the 13th century there was another chapel in the northwest of the parish, at Overland, where complaint was made in 1294 that 'there used to be a baptistery and seven years ago it was taken away and is at Esse'. Edward Hasted. writing about 1790, said that the chapel had been 'for some time in ruins ... having been desecrated about the beginning of this century'. Its exact site has now been lost : some carved stonework which may come from it is at Knell; a few more pieces are in the church.
In 1282 Ash became a separate parish. In the deed founding a College of Canons at Wingham and dividing that parish into four, Archbishop Peckham explained, 'We have turned our eyes to the church of Wingham as it were to a fruitful vineyard..... which cannot be easily cultivated by the labours of one husbandman... from the great extent of the parish as well as its numerous population'. He assigned to Wingham parish church the chapel of Overland : to Ash he gave the chapel of Fleet. It was the duty of the canons of Wingham College, to whom the tithes of Ash were paid, to provide a vicar. In 1535 the parishioners of Ash complained, 'There has always been a vicar here to serve the cure till for the last 22 years the said Canons have usurped the vicarage to their own use ... within a quarter of a year we have had seven curates, which has caused much strife as we are 500 residents.'
In 1547 Wingham College was suppressed by Henry VIII, and its possessions forfeited to the Crown. In 1549, "the late chapel called Richborough Chapel in Ash Parish with its burial ground, buildings, lead, glass, iron, stones and tiles except the bells and leaden roof", and "'the late Chapel of Overland in Ash parish next Sandwich in width 22 feet in length 34 feet, with its burial ground of half a rod, buildings, etc.", were both sold to William Hyde and Hugh Cartwright.
The right of presentation to the benefice of Ash was granted by Queen Mary to the Archbishop in 1558, and three years later Queen Elizabeth I gave the rectory-the right to the great tithes-to the See of Canterbury. The Archbishop is still the patron of the living today.
In the 19th century the need again arose for chapels in the more distant parts of the parish. In 1842 Holy Trinity Church at Ware was built, and Westmarsh was formed into a separate ecclesiastical parish in 1849. The corrugated-iron mission room of St. Augustine's, Richborough, was opened in 1888. It was followed in 1892 by a similar room at Goldstone, rebuilt in 1904. But by the 1960s the motor car had made these separate buildings less necessary. In 1967 the parish of Westmarsh was re-united with Ash; St. Augustine's, Richborough, was closed in 1969, and Holy Trinity Church in 1970.
hard working at weekend #eyelashes #extention #beauty #makeup #leemee #inhomeservice #sacramento #Davis #individuallashes #natural #cheapprice .#individual #lashes lovely customer today in Sacramento . call me to make appt curl 15, thickness 0.15
Aerial insect detection survey summary report, "Extent of Damage in Oregon in 1979 by Reporting Area and B.F." This page shows tree damage summarized for ranger districts on the Deschutes National Forest in Oregon.
Note: Acreage was calculated by planimeter and/or dot-counting the insect and disease polygons on paper aerial survey maps. Volumes were then calculated using numbers of dead trees, tree species, and an average volume/tree/Reporting Area. These data were summarized in Fort Collins, Colorado.
This process was replaced with a Geographic Information System (GIS) in Region 6 in 1988. All of these early reports were eventually replaced by more precise geospatial data.
Date: February 1, 1979
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Source: Aerial Survey Program collection.
For geospatial data collected during annual aerial forest insect and disease detection surveys see: www.fs.usda.gov/detail/r6/forest-grasslandhealth/insects-...
For related historic program documentation see:
archive.org/details/AerialForestInsectAndDiseaseDetection...
Johnson, J. 2016. Aerial forest insect and disease detection surveys in Oregon and Washington 1947-2016: The survey. Gen. Tech. Rep. R6-FHP-GTR-0302. Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection. 280 p.
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: ROME'S INVISIBLE CITY | BBC & ScanLAB Project - The extent of 10 full resolution scans at Roman Forum of Rome - View the Forum of Caesar in Rome. BBC (26|01|2016).
ROME'S INVISIBLE CITY | BBC & ScanLAB Project - The extent of 10 full resolution scans at Roman Forum of Rome - View the Forum of Caesar in Rome. BBC (26|01|2016).
Roman Forum: The Roman Forum was scanned in two Half day sessions, the first being a combination of 10 Full resolution Scans above ground from various locations outside of the Forum, due to capture being restricted to outside the Forum. The second being a combination of 14 scans moving along the sewer system below the forum. Due to the scale of the site and without viable access we used natural references to tie together the scans.
Rome’s Invisible City. BBC’s ONE’s 60 minute special Rome’s Invisible City follows ScanLAB Projects and presenters Alexander Armstrong and Dr Michael Scott as they explore the hidden underground secrets of Ancient Rome. The show explores Roman infrastructure and ingenuity, all below ground level. We journeyed via the icy, crystal clear waters of subterranean aqueducts that feed the Trevi fountain and two thousand year old sewers which still function beneath the Roman Forum today, to decadent, labyrinthine catacombs. Our laser scans map these hidden treasures, revealing for the first time the complex network of tunnels, chambers and passageways without which Rome could not have survived as a city of a million people.
FONTE | SOURCE:
-- BBC, ROME (26|01|2016).
www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b05xxl4t
-- ScanLAB Project (2016).
Construction of the present cathedral
On 10 June 1194, another fire caused extensive damage to Fulbert's cathedral. The true extent of the damage is unknown, though the fact that the lead cames holding the west windows together survived the conflagration intact suggests contemporary accounts of the terrible devastation may have been exaggerated. Either way, the opportunity was taken to begin a complete rebuilding of the choir and nave in the latest style. The undamaged western towers and façade were incorporated into the new works, as was the earlier crypt, effectively limiting the designers of the new building to the same general plan as its predecessor. In fact the present building is only marginally longer than Fulbert's cathedral.
One of the unusual features of Chartres cathedral is the speed with which it was built – a factor which helped contribute to the consistency of its design. Even though there were innumerable changes to the details, the plan remains remarkably consistent. The major change occurred six years after work began when the seven deep chapels around the choir opening off a single ambulatory were turned into shallow recesses opening off a double-aisled ambulatory.[11]
Australian architectural historian John James, who made a detailed study of the cathedral, has estimated that there were about 300 men working on the site at any one time, although it has to be acknowledged that our knowledge of working practices at this time is somewhat limited. Normally medieval churches were built from east to west so that the choir could be completed first and put into use (with a temporary wall sealing off the west end) while the crossing and nave were completed. Canon Delaporte argued that building work started at the crossing and proceeded outwards from there,[12] but the evidence in the stonework itself is unequivocal, especially within the level of the triforium: the nave was at all times more advanced than ambulatory bays of the choir, and this has been confirmed by dendrochronology.
The history of the cathedral has been plagued by more theories than any other, a singular problem for those attempting to discover the truth. For example Louis Grodecki argued that the lateral doors of the transept portals were cut through the walls at a later date,[13] and van der Meulan that they had wanted to rebuild the western portals (then only 50 years old).[14] None of these theories refer back to the actual stonework, and it is only when you have done so, as John James did exhaustively in 1969, that you realize that the construction process was in fact simple and logical.
It is important to remember that the builders were not working on a clean site but would have had to clear back the rubble and surviving parts of the old church as they built the new. Nevertheless, work progressed rapidly. The south porch with most of its sculpture was installed by 1210, and by 1215 the north porch had been completed and the western rose installed.[15] The nave high vaults were erected in the 1220s, the canons moved into their new stalls in 1221 under a temporary roof at the level of the clerestory, and the transept roses were erected over the subsequent two decades. The high vaults over the choir were not built until the last years of the 1250s, as has just been discovered.[16] The cathedral was then dedicated in 1260 by King Louis whose coat of arms was painted over the apsidal boss.
Each arm of the transept was originally meant to support two towers, two more were to flank the choir, and there was to have been a central lantern over the crossing – nine towers in all. Plans for a crossing tower were abandoned in 1221 and the crossing was vaulted over. Work on the remaining six towers continued at a slower pace for some decades, until it was decided to leave them without spires (as at Laon Cathedral and elsewhere). The cathedral was consecrated in 1260, in the presence of King Louis IX.
Image available for purchase from www.ballaratheritage.com.au
Victorian Heritage Register information
Extent of Registration
1. All the buildings marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
B1 Bathhouse consisting of the original bathhouse (1895), brick extension (1922) and brick chimney (1936)
B2 Pavilion and Kiosk (1907, 1939)
B3 Sound Shell (1971)
B4 Caretaker's Cottage (early 20th Century)
2. All of the structures marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
S1 Soda Spring
S2 Locarno Spring
S3 Sulphur Spring
3. The tree marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
T1 Sequioadendron giganteum
4. All the land marked L1 on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director including Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve Crown Land Parcel P109606, Mineral Springs and Public Park Reserve Crown Land Parcel P109666 and Hepburn Springs Spa Complex Parcel 31D24
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is approximately 30 hectares of public land adjacent to Hepburn Springs township that includes the Hepburn Mineral Springs Spa Complex. The reserve contains a series of mineral springs that have been in continuous public use for drinking and bathing since the mid-19th century are the best known of the large concentration of more than 100 mineral springs in Victoria's Central Highlands first systematically inventoried by the Geological Survey of Victoria in 1910 under Director of E.J. Dunn (1904 - 1912). A reserve of 0.5 hectares was first created on the site in 1868 to protect the springs from surrounding gold mining activities. The extent of the reserve was increased to its present size in the early 20th century as a result of local pressure for protection of the mineral springs local pressure and on the recommendation of Dunn that a network of Mineral Springs Reserves of standard size be established throughout Victoria.
Although the local community, in particular the Swiss-Italian migrants, had regularly used the springs since at least the 1870s, it was the construction of the rail line to nearby Daylesford in 1880 that markedly increased the accessibility of the springs to tourists who came in increasing numbers to 'take the waters'. By the 1890s a bath house had been established at the springs offering a range of hydrotherapies, reflecting the popularity of health tourism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The popularity of the Springs continued through the first decades of the 20th century and into the inter-war years, but declined rapidly after the Second World War. In the 1980s resurgence in the popularity of the Hepburn Mineral Springs led to substantial renovation of the spa bath house. The Reserve continues to be a major Victorian tourist destination.
The topography of the Reserve is dominated by a gully, through which Spring Creek runs and along which the Reserves' three main springs, the Soda, Locarno and Sulphur springs are located. The springs have been modified over time, with infrastructure in place from the early 20th century to permit water to be collected by efficient and sanitary means for use in the bath house and for drinking. The Locarno Spring, identified in 1914 and named in honour of a prominent Swiss-Italian community member, is permanently set aside for public use. Members of the local Swiss community were also responsible for construction of the swimming pool on Spring Creek in the south of the reserve in the late 1920s (H1865).
The landscape, once reflecting mining activities, is now a picturesque combination of regrowth native vegetation and exotic trees on the higher land while along the creek are cultivated parklands of lawn, exotic deciduous trees and conifers and ornamental plantings and paving, much of which is Castlemaine slate. Many of the exotic trees were planted by local communities in an effort to beautify the reserve, provide shade in summer and create a landscape reminiscent of European spa centres. The main lawn area or Picnic Park, is dominated by a single Sierra Redwood (Sequioadentrum giganteum) specimen planted in 1901 to commemorate Federation.
Within the garden landscape along the creek are a number of buildings associated with the recreational use of the mineral springs since late 19th century including the only extant 19th century mineral springs bathhouse in Victoria. This brick building was erected in 1895 and extended in the 1920s with the addition of further baths and waiting room (1922) followed by a boiler house. This structure continued in use until the late 1980s when major renovations and additions were undertaken creating the Hepburn Springs Spa Complex in which external fabric of the original bath house and 1920s extension was retained along with a brick chimney from the boiler house. To the south of the bath house a timber pavilion was erected in 1897 to provide shelter for visitors. This was replaced in 1908 by the extant Edwardian red brick hexagonal pavilion in which community dances and other social functions were held in the inter-war period and which continues to serve as a shelter for visitors. An adjoining kiosk, also in red brick was added on the north side of the pavilion in 1939.
There are a number of other buildings in the Reserve including the caretakers cottage, a single storey weatherboard cottage probably dating to the early 20th century, and the Sound Shell, a small concrete block structure in the Picnic Park erected in 1971 by the Hepburn Springs Progress Association to provide an open air performance space.
How is it significant?
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic, social, aesthetic and scientific significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it Significant?
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of historical significance as an intact and authentic expression of 19th and early 20th century nature and health tourism in Victoria, made popular through the development of the country rail network and also reflected in the construction of the Mount Buffalo Chalet in 1910 (H0901) and development of the Buchan Caves Reserve in the first decades of the 20th century (H1978). The rapid rise in the popularity of the Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve in the late 19th century was specifically related to the then popular belief in the recuperative and invigorating powers of 'taking the waters'.
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic significance as the best known and most popular of Victoria's mineral springs, in continuous use since at least the 1870s. Hepburn Springs is the only mineral spa development with a surviving 19th century bath house.
Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of scientific significance for the geological feature of the mineral springs themselves, each of which has a unique chemical composition, and for the Reserve's association with the establishment of the network of Mineral Reserves in Victoria in the early 20th century through the Geological Survey of Victoria and its Director E. J Dunn (1904 - 1912).
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of aesthetic significance as a constructed picturesque and evocative cultural landscape combining exotic, European, plantings with indigenous vegetation, exhibiting a high degree of authenticity especially in the largely intact pavilion and surviving fabric of the 19th century bath house set amid the garden landscape.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance to the people of Victoria as a highly popular place of recreation and source of mineral water for public use.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance for its association with European migrant communities in Victoria, in particular the Swiss-Italian community who recognised the therapeutic value of the springs in the 19th century, who continue to have a strong attachment to the place and who contribute to the conservation of the springs through community action.
Image available for purchase from www.ballaratheritage.com.au
Victorian Heritage Register information
Extent of Registration
1. All the buildings marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
B1 Bathhouse consisting of the original bathhouse (1895), brick extension (1922) and brick chimney (1936)
B2 Pavilion and Kiosk (1907, 1939)
B3 Sound Shell (1971)
B4 Caretaker's Cottage (early 20th Century)
2. All of the structures marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
S1 Soda Spring
S2 Locarno Spring
S3 Sulphur Spring
3. The tree marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
T1 Sequioadendron giganteum
4. All the land marked L1 on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director including Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve Crown Land Parcel P109606, Mineral Springs and Public Park Reserve Crown Land Parcel P109666 and Hepburn Springs Spa Complex Parcel 31D24
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is approximately 30 hectares of public land adjacent to Hepburn Springs township that includes the Hepburn Mineral Springs Spa Complex. The reserve contains a series of mineral springs that have been in continuous public use for drinking and bathing since the mid-19th century are the best known of the large concentration of more than 100 mineral springs in Victoria's Central Highlands first systematically inventoried by the Geological Survey of Victoria in 1910 under Director of E.J. Dunn (1904 - 1912). A reserve of 0.5 hectares was first created on the site in 1868 to protect the springs from surrounding gold mining activities. The extent of the reserve was increased to its present size in the early 20th century as a result of local pressure for protection of the mineral springs local pressure and on the recommendation of Dunn that a network of Mineral Springs Reserves of standard size be established throughout Victoria.
Although the local community, in particular the Swiss-Italian migrants, had regularly used the springs since at least the 1870s, it was the construction of the rail line to nearby Daylesford in 1880 that markedly increased the accessibility of the springs to tourists who came in increasing numbers to 'take the waters'. By the 1890s a bath house had been established at the springs offering a range of hydrotherapies, reflecting the popularity of health tourism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The popularity of the Springs continued through the first decades of the 20th century and into the inter-war years, but declined rapidly after the Second World War. In the 1980s resurgence in the popularity of the Hepburn Mineral Springs led to substantial renovation of the spa bath house. The Reserve continues to be a major Victorian tourist destination.
The topography of the Reserve is dominated by a gully, through which Spring Creek runs and along which the Reserves' three main springs, the Soda, Locarno and Sulphur springs are located. The springs have been modified over time, with infrastructure in place from the early 20th century to permit water to be collected by efficient and sanitary means for use in the bath house and for drinking. The Locarno Spring, identified in 1914 and named in honour of a prominent Swiss-Italian community member, is permanently set aside for public use. Members of the local Swiss community were also responsible for construction of the swimming pool on Spring Creek in the south of the reserve in the late 1920s (H1865).
The landscape, once reflecting mining activities, is now a picturesque combination of regrowth native vegetation and exotic trees on the higher land while along the creek are cultivated parklands of lawn, exotic deciduous trees and conifers and ornamental plantings and paving, much of which is Castlemaine slate. Many of the exotic trees were planted by local communities in an effort to beautify the reserve, provide shade in summer and create a landscape reminiscent of European spa centres. The main lawn area or Picnic Park, is dominated by a single Sierra Redwood (Sequioadentrum giganteum) specimen planted in 1901 to commemorate Federation.
Within the garden landscape along the creek are a number of buildings associated with the recreational use of the mineral springs since late 19th century including the only extant 19th century mineral springs bathhouse in Victoria. This brick building was erected in 1895 and extended in the 1920s with the addition of further baths and waiting room (1922) followed by a boiler house. This structure continued in use until the late 1980s when major renovations and additions were undertaken creating the Hepburn Springs Spa Complex in which external fabric of the original bath house and 1920s extension was retained along with a brick chimney from the boiler house. To the south of the bath house a timber pavilion was erected in 1897 to provide shelter for visitors. This was replaced in 1908 by the extant Edwardian red brick hexagonal pavilion in which community dances and other social functions were held in the inter-war period and which continues to serve as a shelter for visitors. An adjoining kiosk, also in red brick was added on the north side of the pavilion in 1939.
There are a number of other buildings in the Reserve including the caretakers cottage, a single storey weatherboard cottage probably dating to the early 20th century, and the Sound Shell, a small concrete block structure in the Picnic Park erected in 1971 by the Hepburn Springs Progress Association to provide an open air performance space.
How is it significant?
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic, social, aesthetic and scientific significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it Significant?
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of historical significance as an intact and authentic expression of 19th and early 20th century nature and health tourism in Victoria, made popular through the development of the country rail network and also reflected in the construction of the Mount Buffalo Chalet in 1910 (H0901) and development of the Buchan Caves Reserve in the first decades of the 20th century (H1978). The rapid rise in the popularity of the Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve in the late 19th century was specifically related to the then popular belief in the recuperative and invigorating powers of 'taking the waters'.
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic significance as the best known and most popular of Victoria's mineral springs, in continuous use since at least the 1870s. Hepburn Springs is the only mineral spa development with a surviving 19th century bath house.
Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of scientific significance for the geological feature of the mineral springs themselves, each of which has a unique chemical composition, and for the Reserve's association with the establishment of the network of Mineral Reserves in Victoria in the early 20th century through the Geological Survey of Victoria and its Director E. J Dunn (1904 - 1912).
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of aesthetic significance as a constructed picturesque and evocative cultural landscape combining exotic, European, plantings with indigenous vegetation, exhibiting a high degree of authenticity especially in the largely intact pavilion and surviving fabric of the 19th century bath house set amid the garden landscape.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance to the people of Victoria as a highly popular place of recreation and source of mineral water for public use.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance for its association with European migrant communities in Victoria, in particular the Swiss-Italian community who recognised the therapeutic value of the springs in the 19th century, who continue to have a strong attachment to the place and who contribute to the conservation of the springs through community action.
Alan Westin who defined privacy as “the claim of individuals, groups, or institutions to determine for themselves when, how, and to what extent information about them is communicated to others” explained that “just as a social balance favoring disclosure and surveillance over privacy is a functional necessity for totalitarian systems, so a balance that ensures strong citadels of individual and group privacy and limits both disclosure and surveillance is a prerequisite for liberal democratic societies. The democratic society relies on publicity as a control over government, and on privacy as a shield for group and individual life.”
It was, therefore, surprising to have the former Attorney General assert that privacy is not a Fundamental Right. Privacy is a guarantee of due process providing an assurance that the government operates within the law and guarantees a fair procedure.
In fact whether the Constitution was read as a textualist would (Justice Scalia defined textulaism as an interpretation “guided by the text and not by intentions or ideals external to it, and by the original meaning of the text, not by its evolving meaning over time”) or whether it was construed as a Living Constitution that favours a broad not a conservative or mechanical approach “not condemning civilized society to remain under the regimen of its barbarous ancestors” the conclusion is inescapable that privacy is in fact guaranteed by the Constitution.
Privacy can be best understood by identifying an “intruder”. N A Moreham,Senior Lecturer in Law, Victoria University of Wellington in a scholarly article on privacy quoted Stanley Ben who described an intruder as one who “fails to show a proper respect for persons; he is treating people as objects or specimens — like “dirt” — and not as subjects with sensibilities, ends, and aspirations of their own, morally responsible for their own decisions, and capable, as mere specimens are not, of reciprocal relations with the observer. These resentments suggest a possible ground for a prima facie claim not to be watched, at any rate in the same manner as one watches a thing or an animal. For this is to “take liberties”, to act impudently, to show less than a proper regard for human dignity.”
Denial of privacy thus robs one of dignity. But the right to live with dignity has been held to be a core constitutional value by our Supreme Court and guaranteed by Article 21. And as privacy is an assurance of dignity the guarantee of privacy cannot but be implicit in the Constitution.
Even otherwise as Edward Bloustein says: “The man who is compelled to live every minute of his life among others and whose every need, thought, desire, fancy or gratification is subject to public scrutiny, has been deprived of his individuality …. Such an individual merges with the mass. His opinions, being public, tend never to be different; his aspirations, being known, tend always to be conventionally accepted ones” Visibility itself provides a powerful method of enforcing norms and as Westin tellingly puts it “naked to ridicule and shame they will be put in control of those who know their secrets.” As Moreham said freedom of expression – again guaranteed by the Constitution – would lose much of its value if people do not have the chance to learn to think for themselves and have anything unique, creative and controversial to express. Similarly freedom of action and belief – also guaranteed by the Constitution – will be lost where one is kept under the spotlight and on the stage in perpetuity robbing life of its spontaneity sparkle and exuberance, pillaging imagination of its resourcefulness, curbing individual genius and even idiosyncrasies, and enforcing conformity.
The right to privacy though unspecified is yet clearly reflected in the language of the Constitution and the existing state of law also clearly showed that the society believed that such a right existed. Merely being alive and alert to this fact even without being activist was sufficient to acknowledge the same.
The utter incongruity of the exercise of constituting a Bench of Nine Judges to decide if Privacy was a Fundamental Right at the instance of the Government which denied the proposition is apparent in the wholehearted endorsement of the decision as a vindication of its stance. What then was the need to rely upon the judgments on M.P.Sharma and Kharak Singh to insist that larger benches of the Supreme Court had held privacy not to be Fundamental Right, insisting that the framers of the Constitution had expressly excluded the right from the list of Fundamental Rights and asserting that the right was merely a common law right – an argument of the Attorney General which sat rather uncomfortably with that of the Additional Solicitor General that the right was recognized in different statutes? It could have been conceded that Sharma and Kharak Singh did not lay down the law correctly, that on a contemporaneous not historical exposition of law the want of explicit inclusion of privacy as a Fundamental Right could not be considered decisive and that a common law right was elevated to the status of a Fundamental Right and clearly emerged from the guarantee of Article 21 and other facets of freedom guaranteed by Part III of the Constitution.
Split verdicts often create doubts about verdicts and are open to criticism of policy and expediency trumping law. The Supreme Court spoke in one voice in recognizing the right to privacy. The unanimous decision of the Supreme Court is a momentous moment in India’s legal history decisively showing that existence of the right to privacy as an undisputed reality and vindicating India’s position as a confident, mature and vibrant liberal democratic state.
Since the times of the Babenberg to 1850, the territorial extent of the City of Vienna remained virtually unchanged, so that also until 1850 the story of the inner city with the history of the city is identical. Only with the introduction of the municipal districts 1 to 8 on March 6, 1850 the former City of Vienna was turned into the 1st district of Vienna, the "Inner City".
Still in 1857 the "city" has been extended to the spaces of the fortifications, the town moat and the glacis, that were designated for urban development. Of the bastions few remains have been preserved to this day: Parts of Mölkerbastei, of the Augustinerbastei at the Albertina, the Coburgbastei and the Dominikanerbastei. The glacis, the free area outside the city walls, in former times as well as the bastions a popular promenade ground was quickly developed - with the exception of Josefstädter Glacis between the Castle gate and the Schotten gate that still for over a decade has been used as exercise and parade ground.
On the site of the former fortification complex the ring road was built. In its course emerged a chain of representative public buildings, as whose first one the Court Opera was completed in 1869. However, the construction of the ring road was not made in one go; its last section could only be tackled after the demolition of Franz Joseph's barracks at Stubenring in 1898. In addition to the large public buildings - Opera, Burgtheater, Parliament, University, Museums, Stock Exchange, etc. - built the high nobility and the upper middle class along the boulevard their ring street palaces "Ringstraßenpalais". The already 1862 completed and in 1945 destroyed court Heinrichhof opposite the Opera was the first ever major construction of Ring street era.
Remarkably enough, arose at the Ring road no religious building, apart from the Votive Church, which has already been built earlier and no longer belongs to the 1st District.
Given the huge construction project of the Ring road one easily forgets the massive construction activity, in the 19th century also changing the internal parts of the district. By doing so, towards the preservation of the existing city image, which had evolved over time, no consideration was given, and culturally and historically unique buildings fell victim to the pickaxe. So was in 1825 the Katzensteigtor (Cat path gate) (Seitenstetten alley 6) demolished, still stemming from the 12th century. All still existing Gothic town towers but one (in the courtyard of the house FIeischmarkt/Meat market 9) had been removed, but also entire complexes of buildings were demolished, so in 1821/22 the old court Passauer Hof below Mary on the Strand, the court Federlhof 1845, the old court Lazenhof 1852. The ditch in 1840 in the West was deprived of its ending, in 1866 in the East, with the result that the old elephant house was razed. The complex of the Brandstätte (Fire site) was totally remodeled in 1874-75, the Minorite monastery demolished, the area of the Civil hospital in 1882/83 anew parcelled out. The built here court Philipphof was hit in 1945 by a bomb and in the course of this died over 50 people.
Consequently, the representative old housing stock of Inner City, apart from a number but extremely remarkable noble palace, is greatly reduced. On the other hand, especially from the 19th century a sufficient number of impressive buildings have been preserved.
Today, the 1st district is primarily an office, business and shopping district: because of its numerous attractions, it is also the destination of swarms of foreign tourists. The street Kärntner Straße is one of the most popular shopping and strolling streets of Vienna, a considerable contribution was provided through the creation of a pedestrian zone (1971). The city center which was already in danger to become deserted as a pure business district after work hours, since the opening of the first pedestrian zone and the opening of various restaurants in the northern part of the center, the so-called "Bermuda Triangle", has a very active nightlife.
Seit den Zeiten der Babenberger bis 1850 blieb der territoriale Umfang der Stadt Wien praktisch unverändert, sodass auch bis 1850 die Geschichte der Inneren Stadt mit der Geschichte der Stadt ident ist. Erst mit der Einführung der Gemeindebezirke 1 bis 8 am 6. März 1850 wurde aus der bisherigen Stadt Wien der 1. Wiener Gemeindebezirk, die „Innere Stadt".
Noch 1857 wurde die "Stadt" um die zur Verbauung freigegebenen Flächen der Befestigungsanlagen, des Stadtgrabens und des Glacis erweitert. Von den Basteien haben sich bis heute geringe Reste erhalten: Teile der Mölkerbastei, der Augustinerbastei bei der Albertina, der Coburgbastei und der Dominikanerbastei. Das Glacis, die freie Fläche vor den Stadtmauern, ehedem ebenso wie die Basteien ein beliebter Promenadengrund, wurde rasch verbaut - mit Ausnahme des Josefstädter Glacis zwischen Burg- und Schottentor, das noch über ein Jahrzehnt als Exerzier- und Paradeplatz benutzt wurde.
Auf dem Gelände der einstigen Befestigungsanlagen wurde die Ringstraße errichtet. in ihrem Verlauf entstand eine Kette repräsentativer öffentlicher Gebäude, als deren erstes 1869 die Hofoper fertiggestellt wurde. Gleichwohl erfolgte der Bau der Ringstraße nicht in einem Zug; ihr letzter Abschnitt konnte erst nach dem Abbruch der Franz-Josephs-Kaserne am Stubenring 1898 in Angriff genommen werden. Neben den großen öffentlichen Gebäuden - Oper, Burgtheater, Parlament, Universität, Museen, Börse usw. - errichteten der Hochadel und das Großbürgertum entlang der Prachtstraße ihre "Ringstraßenpalais". Der bereits 1862 fertiggestellte, 1945 zerstörte Heinrichhof gegenüber der Oper war überhaupt der erste Großbau der Ringstraßenära.
Bemerkenswerterweise entstand an der Ringstraße kein Sakralbau, sieht man von der Votivkirche ab, die jedoch bereits etwas früher errichtet wurde und nicht mehr zum 1. Bezirk gehört.
Angesichts des Riesenbauprojektes der Ringstraße vergisst man gerne auf die gewaltige Bautätigkeit, die im 19. Jahrhundert auch die Innenteile des Bezirkes veränderte. Dabei wurde auf die Erhaltung des gewachsenen Stadtbildes so gut wie keine Rücksicht genommen, und kulturhistorisch einmalige Bauwerke fielen der Spitzhacke zum Opfer. So wurde 1825 das Katzensteigtor (Seitenstettengasse 6) abgerissen, das noch aus dem 12. Jahrhundert stammte. Alle noch bestehenden gotischen Stadttürme bis auf einen (im Hof des Hauses FIeischmarkt 9) wurden abgetragen, aber auch ganze Baukomplexe wurden demoliert, so 1821/22 der alte Passauer Hof unterhalb Maria am Gestade, der Federlhof 1845, der alte Lazenhof 1852. Der Graben wurde 1840 im Westen seines Abschlusses beraubt, 1866 im Osten, wobei das alte Elefantenhaus geschleift wurde. Der Komplex der Brandstätte wurde 1874/75 total umgestaltet, das Minoritenkloster abgetragen, das Areal des Bürgerspitals 1882/83 neu parzelliert. Der hier gebaute Philipphof wurde 1945 von einer Bombe getroffen und es starben dabei über 50 Menschen.
So kommt es, dass der repräsentative alte Hausbestand der Inneren Stadt, von einer Reihe allerdings äußerst bemerkenswerter Adelspalais abgesehen, sehr reduziert ist. Andererseits haben sich gerade aus dem 19. Jahrhundert eine genügende Anzahl eindrucksvoller Bauten erhalten.
Heute ist der 1. Bezirk vor allem ein Büro-, Geschäfts- und Einkaufsbezirk: er ist wegen seiner zahlreichen Sehenswürdigkeiten auch Ziel von Scharen ausländischer Touristen. Die Kärntner Straße ist eine der beliebtesten Einkaufs- und Bummelstraßen Wiens, wozu vor allem die Einrichtung einer Fußgängerzone (1971) wesentlich beitrug. Die Innenstadt, die schon in Gefahr stand, als reines Büroviertel nach Geschäftsschluss zu veröden, weist seit der Eröffnung der ersten Fußgängerzone und der Eröffnung diverser Lokale im nördlichen Teil des Zentrums, dem sogenannten „Bermudadreieck“ ein sehr aktives Nachtleben auf.
Urban extents illustrate the shape and area of urbanized places. Urbanized localities are defined as places with with 5,000 or more inhabitants that are delineated by stable night-time lights. For poorly lit areas, alternate sources are used to estimate the extent of cities.
Little jumping spider on a finger. Was shot with extention tubes and an reversed Canon FD 28mm f/2.8 lens on Canon EOS M.
Urban extents illustrate the shape and area of urbanized places. Urbanized localities are defined as places with with 5,000 or more inhabitants that are delineated by stable night-time lights. For poorly lit areas, alternate sources are used to estimate the extent of cities.
Title: Monuments in St. John's-Malta
Date: [c.1860-1880]
Extent: 1 photograph: b&w ; (21x27.5cm)
Notes: From a two album set of photographs documenting a voyage to and tour of duty in India. Some were taken by Shepherd and Robertson Photographic Studio.
Format: Photograph
Rights Info: No known restrictions on access
Repository: Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 1A5, library.utoronto.ca/fisher
Part of: MS Coll. 292 Gilpin-Brown, Edward papers.
Finding Aid located at: www.library.utoronto.ca/fisher/collections/findaids/gilpi...
To what extent do we conform? Here is a quiz for you based on the famous and ingenious conformity experiment by Solomon Asch in 1951 to investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform
The research involved groups of college students with 8 members each. Each member viewed a card with a line on it, followed by another with three lines labeled A, B, and C (see figure). One of these lines was the same as that on the first card, and the other two lines were clearly longer or shorter (i.e., a near-100% rate of correct responding was expected). Each participant was then asked to say aloud which line matched the length of that on the first card.
What a ridiculously straightforward task! Wouldn’t everyone get the right answer immediately?
Here is the ingenious design of the experiment. 7 of these 8 people were actors, who were given detailed instructions on how to behave, and one was the innocent “subject”, whose behaviour was the focus of the research. For easy comprehension, let us call this subject Mickey.
All actors were introduced to Mickey as other random participants. The group was seated such that Mickey always responded last (Poor Mickey!)The exercise was repeated 18 times with each group, with different cards.
First two rounds, all the actors gave the right answer, and so did Mickey.
Third round, all the actors gave the same wrong response.
Can you imagine Mickey’s confusion? Do you think Mickey would hold on to the right answer? Or change his to the wrong one?
The exercise was made confusing for Mickey with the actors sometimes giving the wrong and sometimes giving the right answer. Overall, in 12 out of the 18 rounds, the actors gave the same wrong answer.
Over the 12 trials, 75 % of the participants conformed at least once.
Asch put it this way: "That intelligent, well-meaning, young people are willing to call white black is a matter of concern."
Asch performed several variations of this experiment. Can you guess the answers and respond with your comments?
· If one of the seven people gave the right answer, and six others gave the wrong answer, what do you guess would change in the outcome?
· If the group size was three, instead of 8 what would change?
· If the group size was 20, what could change?
· If the group had to give their answer in writing, and not verbally, what could change?
· What would change if the subject went first?
Quite interesting isn’t it! What implications can you infer for psychological safety? www.navgati.in/transactional-analysis/
No man has dominated horse racing to the extent of the Irish trainer Vincent O'Brien, a hero in his own country and one of the few people in sport who could accurately be described as a legend. From humble origins O'Brien achieved unsurpassed success in horse racing. He dominated both National Hunt and Flat, winning the Derby six times, the Cheltenham Gold Cup four, as well as three Champion Hurdles and an astonishing three consecutive Grand Nationals with different horses.
Since his first winner in 1943, horse racing has changed utterly, from a sport to a multi-million pound industry. O'Brien, the son of a County Cork farmer and small-time trainer, did not just move with the changes, he was at the forefront of them, nowhere more so than with his involvement with the owner Robert Sangster. In the late 1970s and early '80s they paid millions of dollars for the progeny of the stallion Northern Dancer and his sons, syndicating the successful ones for as high as $40m. Their partnership and subsequent rivalry with the Maktoum brothers of Dubai transformed the bloodstock world.
Born in April 1917, he was the eldest of four children from his father Dan's second marriage. He grew up around horses and could recite the pedigrees of his father's horses when still small enough to sit on his lap. His passion for thoroughbreds meant that O'Brien, regarded as an intelligent but recalcitrant pupil, left school aged 15.
Towards the end of his time as a trainer, O'Brien trained just over 10 horses each season at Ballydoyle. It was a low-key end to a high-flying career, but appropriate to O'Brien's character. The world of racing can be lurid and flamboyant, but O'Brien was quiet and shy, a devoted family man whose genius with horses made him one of the greatest ever trainers.
Richard Griffiths