View allAll Photos Tagged extented
A short night vid taken just before midnight at Salford showing 47500 being prepared ready to be lifted back on the track.
The whole process of seting the cranes up ready to re-rail her had already taken all night and it was freezing cold so we didn't hang about to see the 47 been lifted up in the air and back on the rails!
A sad end to a celebrity loco as can't see this one been fixed after the extent of the damage she has received!:(
Thai police cadets embarked on the first-ever training on ending violence against women and girls to increase their knowledge on the nature, extent, and seriousness on crimes perpetrated against women and show commitment as change agent towards ending the global pandemic.
Following the advocacy to end violence against women supported by Her Royal Highness Princess Bajrakitiyabha, UN Women Goodwill Ambassador, the Office of the Attorney General and the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) have joined hands with the Police Cadet Academy in organizing the Training Workshop: New Generation to End Violence against Women for the 285 third-year Police Cadet students from today and will call for 80 volunteering students to continue with the training for another two days. The training curriculum includes role of police in justice system, police as change agent, and attitude and behavioral change. The workshop is part of Thailand’s commitment to contribute to the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon UNiTE Campaign to End Violence against Women.
Experiences worldwide have shown that recruitment of women police officers and resourcing of gender desks must be part of a broader strategy to train and incentivize all police to adequately respond to women’s needs. Women being present in justice services can help to enhance accountability and create a system that is responsible to women.
In Thailand, a National Survey in 2009 found that 365,230 ever-married women faced physical violence from intimate partners, especially young women aged 15-19 years. But the number of ever-partnered women facing violence against women remains unknown. Under-reporting of crimes against women is a serious problem in all regions.
Photo: UN Women/Panya Janjira
Inle Lake (Burmese: အင်းလေးကန်, pronounced: [ʔɪ́ɴlé kàɴ]) is a freshwater lake located in the Nyaungshwe Township of Taunggyi District of Shan State, part of Shan Hills in Myanmar (Burma). It is the second largest lake in Myanmar with an estimated surface area of 116 km2, and one of the highest at an elevation of 880 m. During the dry season, the average water depth is 2.1 m, with the deepest point being 3.7 m, but during the rainy season this can increase by 1.5 m.
The watershed area for the lake lies to a large extent to the north and west of the lake. The lake drains through the Nam Pilu or Balu Chaung on its southern end. There is a hot spring on its northwestern shore.
Although the lake is not large, it contains a number of endemic species. Over twenty species of snails and nine species of fish are found nowhere else in the world. Some of these, like the silver-blue scaleless Sawbwa barb, the crossbanded dwarf danio, and the Lake Inle danio, are of minor commercial importance for the aquarium trade. It hosts approximately 20,000 brown and black head migratory seagulls in November, December and January.
In June 2015, it becomes the Myanmar's first designated place of World Network of Biosphere Reserves. It was one of 20 places added at at the Unesco's 27th Man and the Biosphere (MAB) International Coordinating Council (ICC) meeting.
PEOPLE AND CULTURE
The people of Inle Lake (called Intha), some 70,000 of them, live in four cities bordering the lake, in numerous small villages along the lake's shores, and on the lake itself. The entire lake area is in Nyaung Shwe township. The population consists predominantly of Intha, with a mix of other Shan, Taungyo, Pa-O (Taungthu), Danu, Kayah, Danaw and Bamar ethnicities. Most are devout Buddhists, and live in simple houses of wood and woven bamboo on stilts; they are largely self-sufficient farmers.
Most transportation on the lake is traditionally by small boats, or by somewhat larger boats fitted with single cylinder inboard diesel engines. Local fishermen are known for practicing a distinctive rowing style which involves standing at the stern on one leg and wrapping the other leg around the oar. This unique style evolved for the reason that the lake is covered by reeds and floating plants making it difficult to see above them while sitting. Standing provides the rower with a view beyond the reeds. However, the leg rowing style is only practiced by the men. Women row in the customary style, using the oar with their hands, sitting cross legged at the stern.
Fish caught from the lake - the most abundant kind is called nga hpein locally (Inle carp, Cyprinus intha) - are a staple of the local diet. A popular local dish is htamin gyin - 'fermented' rice kneaded with fish and/or potato - served with hnapyan gyaw (literally twice fried - Shan tofu). In addition to fishing, locals grow vegetables and fruit in large gardens that float on the surface of the lake. The floating garden beds are formed by extensive manual labor. The farmers gather up lake-bottom weeds from the deeper parts of the lake, bring them back in boats and make them into floating beds in their garden areas, anchored by bamboo poles. These gardens rise and fall with changes in the water level, and so are resistant to flooding. The constant availability of nutrient-laden water results in these gardens being incredibly fertile. Rice cultivation is also significant.
Hand-made goods for local use and trading are another source of commerce. Typical products include tools, carvings and other ornamental objects, textiles, and cheroots. A local market serves most common shopping needs and is held daily but the location of the event rotates through five different sites around the lake area, thus each of them hosting an itinerant market every fifth day. When held on the lake itself, trading is conducted from small boats. This 'floating-market' event tends to emphasize tourist trade much more than the other four.
The Inle lake area is renowned for its weaving industry. The Shan-bags, used daily by many Burmese as a tote-bag, are produced in large quantities here. Silk-weaving is another very important industry, producing high-quality hand-woven silk fabrics of distinctive design called Inle longyi. A unique fabric from the lotus plant fibers is produced only at Inle lake and is used for weaving special robes for Buddha images called kya thingahn (lotus robe).
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
Inle Lake is suffering from the environmental effects of increased population and rapid growth in both agriculture and tourism. During the 65-year period from 1935 to 2000, the net open water area of Inle Lake decreased from 69.10 km² to 46.69 km², a loss of 32.4%, with development of floating garden agriculture, which occurs largely on the west side of the lake (a practice introduced in the 1960s).
Lumber removal and unsustainable cultivation practices (slash and burn farming techniques) on the hills surrounding the lake are causing ever-increasing amounts of silt and nutrients to run off into the rivers that feed the lake, especially along its western and northern watershed areas. This silt fills up the lake; the nutrients encourage the growth of weeds and algae. More important however is the development of floating garden agriculture, largely along the western side of the lake. This practice encroaches into the diminishing area of the lake, since over time, the floating beds become solid ground. About 93% (nearly 21 km²) of the recent loss in open water area of the lake, largely along its western side, is thought to be due to this agricultural practice. Direct environmental impacts associated with these combined agricultural activities within the wetlands and surrounding hills of the lake include sedimentation, eutrophication, and pollution.
The water hyacinth, a plant not native to the lake, also poses a major problem. It grows rapidly, filling up the smaller streams and large expanses of the lake, robbing native plants and animals of nutrients and sunlight. At one time, all boats coming into Nyaung Shwe were required to bring in a specified amount of water hyacinth. Over the past twenty years, large-scale use of dredges and pumps has been employed with some success in controlling the growth of this plant. On a smaller scale, public awareness education and small-scale control have also been successful.
Another cause for concern is the planned introduction of non-native fish species, such as the Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)] intended to improve fishery.
Sanitation in the villages around the lake is an ongoing concern for public health authorities, due to untreated sewage (with 72% of households using open pits, not latrines) and waste water flowing into the lake. To ensure fresh and clean water, some villages now have enclosed wells and public access to the well water. Some studies of the lake's surface
water quality indicates that the water is not safe for consumption. Water from Inle Lake has dissolved oxygen ranges lower than those necessary for fisheries and aquatic life, while nitrite, nitrate and phosphate ranges are unusually high.
Noise pollution is also a noticeable issue. The noise from the cheaper poorly muffled diesel engines driving the stern drive propellers is significant, and can be a distraction to the otherwise tranquil lake.
The summer of 2010 registered very high temperatures causing the water level of the lake to drop so low, the lowest in nearly 50 years, that drinking water had to be fetched from elsewhere and the floating market was in danger of disappearing. One other serious consequence was that the hydroelectric plant at Lawpita, where the former capital Yangon received its power supply from, could not operate at its full capacity.
TOURISM
The best time of the year to visit is during September and October. The ceremonial Hpaung Daw U Festival, which lasts for almost three weeks, is closely followed by the Thadingyut festival of lights. Inthas and Shan turn out in their best clothes in great numbers to celebrate the Buddhist Lent. Traditional boat racing, with dozens of leg-rowers in Shan dress in a team on each boat, is a famous event during the Hpaung Daw U Festival.
Inle Lake is a major tourist attraction, and this has led to some development of tourist infrastructure. Many small and large privately owned hotels and tour operations have arisen during the past few years. Local shops are flooded with consumer items, both local and foreign. The nearest airport is Heho Airport which is 35 km away. There are flights from both Yangon and Mandalay. Yangon is 660 km away by road, Mandalay 330 km.
CUISINE
Inle cuisine is different from Shan cuisine, as it incorporates local natural produce. The most well-known Inle dish would be the Htamin jin - a rice, tomato and potato or fish salad kneaded into round balls dressed and garnished with crisp fried onion in oil, tamarind sauce, coriander and spring onions often with garlic, Chinese chives roots (ju myit), fried whole dried chili, grilled dried fermented beancakes (pè bouk) and fried dried tofu (topu jauk kyaw) on the side.
WIKIPEDIA
(Definition:the extent to which visual elements of a composition tied together with color, shape, image, lines of sight, theme, etc.)
In this example, the font, color and images all capture the audiences attention. All of the images are connected with the meaning of the photo.
Probably the best single decker in the world....
The Optare Delta was a single-decker bus body produced on the DAF SB220 chassis and was probably the best single-decker of recent times, as it wasn’t compromised to an extent by the correct and current need to build in accessibility. They were built at a former Leyland Bus factory, once the home of Charles H Roe of Leeds, by the then newly formed Optare. Leyland Bus had announced in 1984 it was rationalising production of buses as demand fell because of the ending of the bus grant and impending deregulation and Roe, sadly, was a casualty of that rationalisation.
However, a group of former employees led by former plant director Russell Richardson and backed by West Yorkshire Enterprise Board bought over the assets and the factory, launching the fledgling new business as ‘Optare’, from the Greek ‘To choose’.
Launching a bus business at such a fallow time for new orders was a brave move and initially it was helped to an extent by Leyland Bus, who allowed it to compete outstanding orders for West Yorkshire PTE to Roe’s design on Leyland Olympians. This gave Optare some much needed breathing room to get organised and on its feet.
It’s first new product, as such, was a heavy duty midi-bus, built on both the Dennis Domino (a shortened Dennis Dominator chassis) and Leyland Cub. They were built for both West Yorkshire and South Yorkshire PTEs. These were uncompromisingly square in design and gave no hint at the design flare that was in the company.
Optare then went down a different route from other bodybuilders by promoting the concept of ‘one-stop’ shopping. Prior to this, if you wanted a bus, you bought a chassis from a manufacturer and then sourced a bodybuilder to build on it. Optare went down a different path. They gave you compete product on a particular chassis and sold it as such, so you dealt with one company rather than two. Optare was responsible for all aspects, such as warranty and parts. It wasn’t a true integral bus but it was close as you could get to one.
It’s first product was the stylish Citypacer, which was built on the Volkswagen LT-Van chassis. This was probably the most stylish mini-bus on the market - if not the cheapest - and it proved there was true design flair in the company. Sadly, it turned out the Volkswagen part was the only flaw in the product - the vehicles were slightly underpowered and struggled when carrying heavy loads - but it still was a fine good-looking product. The next was the Starrider, which was built on a Mercedes-Benz van chassis. These were slightly bigger mini-buses for the extra-capacity compared to the Citypacer. They didn’t do as well as the Citypacer but that wasn’t down to any flaw with the product but more to do with changes in the market, as the Dennis Dart started to take hold,
Optare’s first full size bus was the Optare Delta. These were built exclusively on the DAF Bus SB220 chassis and initially, that chassis was only available with Optare bodywork. Optare produced a very stylish body, known for its distinctive sloping front window. A common feature about the bus that it has a distinctive one-piece windscreen with a sloped windowline and a separately mounted destination display. Initially, the buses carried supplementary DAF badges too but later in production they were replaced by just Optare badges, again to give the hint of something very integral.
Coupled with the legendary reliability of the DAF chassis - some went over a half a million miles without an engine failure - the stylish Delta was probably the best single-deck bus you could buy at that time. It wasn’t the cheapest bus on the market by far but it laid the foundations for Optare as a builder of stylish semi-integral buses. The Delta sold well, to various operators from Reading Buses to Go North East as well as British Airways, who took some with three doors for airside work. A total of 324 were built with the last being built in 1999, well into the low-floor era. The success of the Optare/DAF combination led Optare becoming part of United Bus in 1990, a pan-European collection of bus builders to take on the European giants but that crashed into administration in 1993. A management buy-out saw Optare return to independent ownership as a result.
During the United Bus episode, Optare launched the Spectra, a double decker built on a DAF chassis which owed a small part to the Metrobus and the Vecta, a midi-bus based on the MAN 11.180 chassis, both using styling ques from the Delta but with a more upright front. It also acquired the rights to build the Metrorider from MCW and this took Optare into fully integral buses.
Following the United Bus crash, it led to concerns over the supply of DAF chassis and the Delta body was adapted for the Dennis Lance to produce the Sigma. This was basically a Delta with a Vecta front and although no where near as successful as the Delta, it got Optare through a difficult time. The last adaptation of the Delta was the Prisma. This was built on the Mercedes-Benz 0405 chassis but in a break with convention, it had the generic Mercedes front end bolted on to the standard Delta body, which reduced its appeal, although the GRT Group, one of constituent parts of Firstbus bought several of the type, mainly for its Scottish companies.
Blackpool Transport was an early user of Optare buses, building up a fleet of Citypacers in a striking black/yellow livery branded as Handy Buses. It took its first Deltas in 1990 on a G-plate and ordered several chassis each year over the next four years, eventually building up the largest fleet of these stylish vehicles in the UK. It also acquired three with its purchase of Fylde Borough Transport giving it an eventual fleet of 31. They served Blackpool well and into the Metro Coastlines era, The last Deltas for Blackpool survived into the millennium but were withdrawn from frontline service by 2010.
As far as I’m aware this bus, 133 (H3FBT) is the only survivor from Blackpool’s large fleet. It was actually one of three acquired by Fylde Borough Transport, which was obviously impressed by neighbouring Blackpool’s buses. These were the only full-size buses purchased by Fylde new and when Blackpool Transport acquired the business they fitted in well with the native examples and I believe they were the last former Fylde buses on fleet strength. They differed slightly from Blackpool’s native examples in terms of interior trim for example and when they were refurbished in the early 2000’s, the opportunity was taken to bring them into line with the rest. Also added was a rear number display, similar to the rest of the buses in Blackpool’s fleet. An interesting fact about this particular bus was it was the last bus repainted at Fylde’s Squires Gate depot before it closed and that was into the livery it’s preserved in now.
Urban extents illustrate the shape and area of urbanized places. Urbanized localities are defined as places with with 5,000 or more inhabitants that are delineated by stable night-time lights. For poorly lit areas, alternate sources are used to estimate the extent of cities.
Urban extents illustrate the shape and area of urbanized places. Urbanized localities are defined as places with with 5,000 or more inhabitants that are delineated by stable night-time lights. For poorly lit areas, alternate sources are used to estimate the extent of cities.
Went to the local Nail and Wax salon and had eyelash extensions done. They cost $25 and last about 4 weeks.
Burning to treat Dendroctonus brevicomis. Devil's Garden Extention area. Modoc National Forest, California.
Note: Probably Al Wagner pictured.
Photo by: K.A. Salman
Date: May 19, 1930
Credit: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.
Collection: Bureau of Entomology Collection; La Grande, Oregon.
Image: BUR-7330
A hand-colored version of this image is available here: www.flickr.com/photos/151887236@N05/36955227110/in/datepo...
To learn more about this photo collection see:
Wickman, B.E., Torgersen, T.R. and Furniss, M.M. 2002. Photographic images and history of forest insect investigations on the Pacific Slope, 1903-1953. Part 2. Oregon and Washington. American Entomologist, 48(3), p. 178-185
For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources
Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth
Image available for purchase from www.ballaratheritage.com.au
Victorian Heritage Register information
Extent of Registration
1. All the buildings marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
B1 Bathhouse consisting of the original bathhouse (1895), brick extension (1922) and brick chimney (1936)
B2 Pavilion and Kiosk (1907, 1939)
B3 Sound Shell (1971)
B4 Caretaker's Cottage (early 20th Century)
2. All of the structures marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
S1 Soda Spring
S2 Locarno Spring
S3 Sulphur Spring
3. The tree marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
T1 Sequioadendron giganteum
4. All the land marked L1 on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director including Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve Crown Land Parcel P109606, Mineral Springs and Public Park Reserve Crown Land Parcel P109666 and Hepburn Springs Spa Complex Parcel 31D24
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is approximately 30 hectares of public land adjacent to Hepburn Springs township that includes the Hepburn Mineral Springs Spa Complex. The reserve contains a series of mineral springs that have been in continuous public use for drinking and bathing since the mid-19th century are the best known of the large concentration of more than 100 mineral springs in Victoria's Central Highlands first systematically inventoried by the Geological Survey of Victoria in 1910 under Director of E.J. Dunn (1904 - 1912). A reserve of 0.5 hectares was first created on the site in 1868 to protect the springs from surrounding gold mining activities. The extent of the reserve was increased to its present size in the early 20th century as a result of local pressure for protection of the mineral springs local pressure and on the recommendation of Dunn that a network of Mineral Springs Reserves of standard size be established throughout Victoria.
Although the local community, in particular the Swiss-Italian migrants, had regularly used the springs since at least the 1870s, it was the construction of the rail line to nearby Daylesford in 1880 that markedly increased the accessibility of the springs to tourists who came in increasing numbers to 'take the waters'. By the 1890s a bath house had been established at the springs offering a range of hydrotherapies, reflecting the popularity of health tourism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The popularity of the Springs continued through the first decades of the 20th century and into the inter-war years, but declined rapidly after the Second World War. In the 1980s resurgence in the popularity of the Hepburn Mineral Springs led to substantial renovation of the spa bath house. The Reserve continues to be a major Victorian tourist destination.
The topography of the Reserve is dominated by a gully, through which Spring Creek runs and along which the Reserves' three main springs, the Soda, Locarno and Sulphur springs are located. The springs have been modified over time, with infrastructure in place from the early 20th century to permit water to be collected by efficient and sanitary means for use in the bath house and for drinking. The Locarno Spring, identified in 1914 and named in honour of a prominent Swiss-Italian community member, is permanently set aside for public use. Members of the local Swiss community were also responsible for construction of the swimming pool on Spring Creek in the south of the reserve in the late 1920s (H1865).
The landscape, once reflecting mining activities, is now a picturesque combination of regrowth native vegetation and exotic trees on the higher land while along the creek are cultivated parklands of lawn, exotic deciduous trees and conifers and ornamental plantings and paving, much of which is Castlemaine slate. Many of the exotic trees were planted by local communities in an effort to beautify the reserve, provide shade in summer and create a landscape reminiscent of European spa centres. The main lawn area or Picnic Park, is dominated by a single Sierra Redwood (Sequioadentrum giganteum) specimen planted in 1901 to commemorate Federation.
Within the garden landscape along the creek are a number of buildings associated with the recreational use of the mineral springs since late 19th century including the only extant 19th century mineral springs bathhouse in Victoria. This brick building was erected in 1895 and extended in the 1920s with the addition of further baths and waiting room (1922) followed by a boiler house. This structure continued in use until the late 1980s when major renovations and additions were undertaken creating the Hepburn Springs Spa Complex in which external fabric of the original bath house and 1920s extension was retained along with a brick chimney from the boiler house. To the south of the bath house a timber pavilion was erected in 1897 to provide shelter for visitors. This was replaced in 1908 by the extant Edwardian red brick hexagonal pavilion in which community dances and other social functions were held in the inter-war period and which continues to serve as a shelter for visitors. An adjoining kiosk, also in red brick was added on the north side of the pavilion in 1939.
There are a number of other buildings in the Reserve including the caretakers cottage, a single storey weatherboard cottage probably dating to the early 20th century, and the Sound Shell, a small concrete block structure in the Picnic Park erected in 1971 by the Hepburn Springs Progress Association to provide an open air performance space.
How is it significant?
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic, social, aesthetic and scientific significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it Significant?
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of historical significance as an intact and authentic expression of 19th and early 20th century nature and health tourism in Victoria, made popular through the development of the country rail network and also reflected in the construction of the Mount Buffalo Chalet in 1910 (H0901) and development of the Buchan Caves Reserve in the first decades of the 20th century (H1978). The rapid rise in the popularity of the Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve in the late 19th century was specifically related to the then popular belief in the recuperative and invigorating powers of 'taking the waters'.
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic significance as the best known and most popular of Victoria's mineral springs, in continuous use since at least the 1870s. Hepburn Springs is the only mineral spa development with a surviving 19th century bath house.
Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of scientific significance for the geological feature of the mineral springs themselves, each of which has a unique chemical composition, and for the Reserve's association with the establishment of the network of Mineral Reserves in Victoria in the early 20th century through the Geological Survey of Victoria and its Director E. J Dunn (1904 - 1912).
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of aesthetic significance as a constructed picturesque and evocative cultural landscape combining exotic, European, plantings with indigenous vegetation, exhibiting a high degree of authenticity especially in the largely intact pavilion and surviving fabric of the 19th century bath house set amid the garden landscape.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance to the people of Victoria as a highly popular place of recreation and source of mineral water for public use.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance for its association with European migrant communities in Victoria, in particular the Swiss-Italian community who recognised the therapeutic value of the springs in the 19th century, who continue to have a strong attachment to the place and who contribute to the conservation of the springs through community action.
Urban extents illustrate the shape and area of urbanized places. Urbanized localities are defined as places with with 5,000 or more inhabitants that are delineated by stable night-time lights. For poorly lit areas, alternate sources are used to estimate the extent of cities.
The extent to which the weir is visible from this spot depends upon the time of year as a range of plants obstructs the view from late spring onwards. For this reason I chose to use the foliage to make a natural frame for the subject, leaving what is unseen to the imagination of the viewer. Exposure: 1.6 sec at f/36 with a focal length of 80mm.
(Check out All Sizes to see the full extent of the damage.)
Ok, I get that when it comes to daycare messes happen. Two year olds are messy eaters, and stains will occur no matter what you do (well, unless you take off the kid's shirt, which when you think about it really isn't a bad idea, now is it, hmm?).
I accept that I have to stain treat at least 75% of Margaret's outfits that go to daycare. I'm fine with that. I've become very adept at removing spots from cuffs, from around buttons, the occasional drip or drab down the front.
But this, this just seems completely beyond the pale. I really have no idea what they bathed my kid in for lunch, we didn't send any soy sauce or rum and Cokes with her that day, that's for sure.
To say I was livid when this dress came home is an understatement, especially considering I KNOW the daycare has bibs that they're supposed to put on the kids at every meal, and I KNOW that they often take the kids' shirts off when they have something messy, AND we send a tee shirt in her lunch bag EVERY DAY to be put over her clothes. What the hell happened? Why didn't we at least get a note "So sorry about Margaret's dress, we had the kids wrestle in chocolate pudding today."?
This has been washed twice, soaked in Zout, so if you can, imagine this being even worse initially. I'm most pissed off that this is one of the handful of outfits that I actually paid full price for because I loved it so much, and now it's trashed.
I'm going to try soaking it for a few days in Woolite (I read the suggestion somewhere) to see if that helps, and if it doesn't I'll try Oxy-Clean even though I know it'll fade the colors.
I got my hands on a dozen long-sleeved tee shirts and I send one every day along with a note on her lunch bag reading, "PLEASE: Use a bib or the enclosed shirt for ALL meals, snacks, and messy activities. Thanks!" It's helped for now, but it's only been a week so we'll see where we're at in a month or so.
Okay, rant over, go on with your lives.
Note the extent of Brumel Loch, now drained, to the east of Lochmaben. Viaduct at the Cheese Factory is named. Kinnel Mill marked to north of Lochmaben
Image available for purchase from www.ballaratheritage.com.au
Victorian Heritage Register information
Extent of Registration
1. All the buildings marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
B1 Bathhouse consisting of the original bathhouse (1895), brick extension (1922) and brick chimney (1936)
B2 Pavilion and Kiosk (1907, 1939)
B3 Sound Shell (1971)
B4 Caretaker's Cottage (early 20th Century)
2. All of the structures marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
S1 Soda Spring
S2 Locarno Spring
S3 Sulphur Spring
3. The tree marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
T1 Sequioadendron giganteum
4. All the land marked L1 on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director including Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve Crown Land Parcel P109606, Mineral Springs and Public Park Reserve Crown Land Parcel P109666 and Hepburn Springs Spa Complex Parcel 31D24
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is approximately 30 hectares of public land adjacent to Hepburn Springs township that includes the Hepburn Mineral Springs Spa Complex. The reserve contains a series of mineral springs that have been in continuous public use for drinking and bathing since the mid-19th century are the best known of the large concentration of more than 100 mineral springs in Victoria's Central Highlands first systematically inventoried by the Geological Survey of Victoria in 1910 under Director of E.J. Dunn (1904 - 1912). A reserve of 0.5 hectares was first created on the site in 1868 to protect the springs from surrounding gold mining activities. The extent of the reserve was increased to its present size in the early 20th century as a result of local pressure for protection of the mineral springs local pressure and on the recommendation of Dunn that a network of Mineral Springs Reserves of standard size be established throughout Victoria.
Although the local community, in particular the Swiss-Italian migrants, had regularly used the springs since at least the 1870s, it was the construction of the rail line to nearby Daylesford in 1880 that markedly increased the accessibility of the springs to tourists who came in increasing numbers to 'take the waters'. By the 1890s a bath house had been established at the springs offering a range of hydrotherapies, reflecting the popularity of health tourism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The popularity of the Springs continued through the first decades of the 20th century and into the inter-war years, but declined rapidly after the Second World War. In the 1980s resurgence in the popularity of the Hepburn Mineral Springs led to substantial renovation of the spa bath house. The Reserve continues to be a major Victorian tourist destination.
The topography of the Reserve is dominated by a gully, through which Spring Creek runs and along which the Reserves' three main springs, the Soda, Locarno and Sulphur springs are located. The springs have been modified over time, with infrastructure in place from the early 20th century to permit water to be collected by efficient and sanitary means for use in the bath house and for drinking. The Locarno Spring, identified in 1914 and named in honour of a prominent Swiss-Italian community member, is permanently set aside for public use. Members of the local Swiss community were also responsible for construction of the swimming pool on Spring Creek in the south of the reserve in the late 1920s (H1865).
The landscape, once reflecting mining activities, is now a picturesque combination of regrowth native vegetation and exotic trees on the higher land while along the creek are cultivated parklands of lawn, exotic deciduous trees and conifers and ornamental plantings and paving, much of which is Castlemaine slate. Many of the exotic trees were planted by local communities in an effort to beautify the reserve, provide shade in summer and create a landscape reminiscent of European spa centres. The main lawn area or Picnic Park, is dominated by a single Sierra Redwood (Sequioadentrum giganteum) specimen planted in 1901 to commemorate Federation.
Within the garden landscape along the creek are a number of buildings associated with the recreational use of the mineral springs since late 19th century including the only extant 19th century mineral springs bathhouse in Victoria. This brick building was erected in 1895 and extended in the 1920s with the addition of further baths and waiting room (1922) followed by a boiler house. This structure continued in use until the late 1980s when major renovations and additions were undertaken creating the Hepburn Springs Spa Complex in which external fabric of the original bath house and 1920s extension was retained along with a brick chimney from the boiler house. To the south of the bath house a timber pavilion was erected in 1897 to provide shelter for visitors. This was replaced in 1908 by the extant Edwardian red brick hexagonal pavilion in which community dances and other social functions were held in the inter-war period and which continues to serve as a shelter for visitors. An adjoining kiosk, also in red brick was added on the north side of the pavilion in 1939.
There are a number of other buildings in the Reserve including the caretakers cottage, a single storey weatherboard cottage probably dating to the early 20th century, and the Sound Shell, a small concrete block structure in the Picnic Park erected in 1971 by the Hepburn Springs Progress Association to provide an open air performance space.
How is it significant?
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic, social, aesthetic and scientific significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it Significant?
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of historical significance as an intact and authentic expression of 19th and early 20th century nature and health tourism in Victoria, made popular through the development of the country rail network and also reflected in the construction of the Mount Buffalo Chalet in 1910 (H0901) and development of the Buchan Caves Reserve in the first decades of the 20th century (H1978). The rapid rise in the popularity of the Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve in the late 19th century was specifically related to the then popular belief in the recuperative and invigorating powers of 'taking the waters'.
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic significance as the best known and most popular of Victoria's mineral springs, in continuous use since at least the 1870s. Hepburn Springs is the only mineral spa development with a surviving 19th century bath house.
Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of scientific significance for the geological feature of the mineral springs themselves, each of which has a unique chemical composition, and for the Reserve's association with the establishment of the network of Mineral Reserves in Victoria in the early 20th century through the Geological Survey of Victoria and its Director E. J Dunn (1904 - 1912).
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of aesthetic significance as a constructed picturesque and evocative cultural landscape combining exotic, European, plantings with indigenous vegetation, exhibiting a high degree of authenticity especially in the largely intact pavilion and surviving fabric of the 19th century bath house set amid the garden landscape.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance to the people of Victoria as a highly popular place of recreation and source of mineral water for public use.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance for its association with European migrant communities in Victoria, in particular the Swiss-Italian community who recognised the therapeutic value of the springs in the 19th century, who continue to have a strong attachment to the place and who contribute to the conservation of the springs through community action.
Urban extents illustrate the shape and area of urbanized places. Urbanized localities are defined as places with with 5,000 or more inhabitants that are delineated by stable night-time lights. For poorly lit areas, alternate sources are used to estimate the extent of cities.
Due to the extent of copying which exists primarily in the Chinese toy industry and also the fact castings are rarely discontinued in the name of fashion it does mean certain types of vehicle which would have disappeared many years ago can still be found on the shelves of our stores literally decades later! Matchbox first introduced its Leyland Titan way back in 1981 and continued in the range until around the start of the Millennium. Realtoy then did their own unlicensed copy and then others such as HTI who bring us their version via the Chinese toy maker Daxiang. Technically this is a direct copy of the Realtoy casting rather than the Matchbox which means a slightly more generic front end with larger headlamps and oversized wheels. A charming new/old relic from a bygone era which can just about still be found in Wilkinson stores as of June 2017 though this one was bought back in May 2016. Mint and boxed.
Can we talk about mental health? Can we talk about how isolation has caused so many of us to spiral right into the very long line of individuals seeking mental health services.
There was a time all I needed was some down time with my camera and that was the extent of therapy for me. In fact, I've always joked that Canon was my therapist and photography was my therapy...I'll be in therapy for the rest of my life. This was my truth. I could escape with my camera and I'd be good.
However today, after being isolated way longer than anyone, I do see a therapist once a week. I've missed one session and it was like misplacing my keys for a week.
I don't like stereotypes but truth be told many Blacks do not seek out something like therapy which everyone can benefit from, but the bottom line is cost. Cost keeps most Blacks from seeking mental health services, followed by poor selection or availability of Black therapists. Even when we find one it still comes down to cost. I'm sure there's guilt and the shame factors but I personally do not believe that those things are the primary reasons why Black folks don't seek out therapy. Considerations? Oh absolutely, primary reasons? Fuck that lie.
Let's face it, as a Black man living in America, I am completely clear of a bunch of things and I'd be starving if I ate all the lies they say about me and my people.
Shit, I haven't even mentioned the trust factor. You mean you want me to sit in therapy looking into the eyes of a person that represents the very people who have inflected the most pain. Yeah, that aint gonna happen.
Therapy is about trust and it very much requires a safe place. If I don't trust you, then there is no safe place and the benefits of therapy will never truly take place.
So do you give up and not seek out mental health services? Nope, nope, absolutely not, you find the therapist that works for you, which means getting clear with what you want and need from therapy and finding the best possible match.
It took me serval attempts before I found someone and she wasn't Black, but she was clutch in the moment. I kept seeking and reaching out to friends. Then I hit the jackpot and landed not only a Black therapist, but a brotha, who specializes in brothas, plus its a sliding scale.
My sessions feel safe and I have this connection with my therapist and this feeds into the trust and safety components that are a complete must for me
Our sessions have been challenging, rewarding and eye opening. The cool thing is that he feels like a friend. it feel natural. I guess what I am saying is that is feels right. Yeah, that is what I am saying. This is right for me and I have no reservations or hesitations.
I think everyone should have a therapist, I most certainly believe that Black people can benefit and deserve access to mental health services they can afford and come with choices that support who they are where they are.
If therapy is truly good for everyone, and I know it is, then we should do all that we can to make certain folks like me aren't left behind or forced to settle.
I'm in therapy. So fuckin what. It's normal and for me, most importantly, ME ME ME, I'm deserving and worthy of quality therapy services that are tailored for me and administered by someone who looks like me.
An extremely rare World WarTwo (one of few in England) 5.25-inch Battery, consisting of three Gun Emplacements, located within the western extent of Weybourne Anti-Aircraft Training Camp, the site is centred on TG 0975 4381. The group consists of a Command Post building and three 5.25-inch Gun Emplacements, one of which was constructed in the post World War Two phase of the camp, potentially post 1953. A national plan was devised in 1944 to construct 5.25-inch batteries across Britain, although the Weybourne guns may have been installed as late as 1946, although there are no available aerial photographs of the camp in between 1941 and June 1946, so it is possible that the guns were constructed earlier. However on the 1946 aerial photographs there are obvious signs of relatively recent construction and activity around the site.
The Command Post building is centred on TG 0982 4387 and measures 55ft 9in by 19ft 8in. This building now houses the Environmental Centre operated by the University of East Anglia.
The eastern emplacement is centred on TG 0977 4381, a circular encasement, 39ft 4in in diameter, surrounds the gun and a 18ft long magazine is located to the immediate southeast. The central emplacement is centred on TG 0972 4381 and the post war gun is located at TG 0968 4382. A loop of access trackway runs to the south, which continues to the south towards the airstrip.
The site of the World War Two and post war Weybourne Anti-Aircraft Training Camp located alongside the cliffs at Weybourne to the north west of the village. The camp originally started out as a temporary summer camp for the Anti-Aircraft Division of the Territorial Army in 1935. At first the majority of the camp consisted of wooden and tented structures, although in 1937 it was decided to make the camp permanent and more fixed structures and defences were erected. The camp closed in 1959. During World War Two the camp was surrounded by a perimeter Anti-Tank Ditch and defended by a system of Gun Emplacements and Barbed Wire obstructions. The interior of the camp consisted of groups of Nissen huts and barracks and other military buildings. The cliff top to the north was covered by a line of Heavy Anti-Aircraft Guns and Batteries, Slit Trenches and Pillboxes.
RAF Weybourne was a World War Two Anti-Aircraft Establishment, ''X'' Flt, No. 1 Anti-Aircraft Co-Operation Unit were based at the station between 16th May and 14th September 1939, with ''T'' Flt, No. 1 Anti-Aircraft Co-Operation Unit there between 25th February and 29th April 1942. No. 6 Anti-Aircraft Co-Operation Unit were based there between 7th December 1942 and 30th November 1943. Associated with the Anti-Aircraft Gunnery, the station operated the De Havilland DH-82B Queen Bee target drone aircraft, a radio-controlled target tug version of the Tiger Moth II.
Although the published closure date known for this airfield relates to the World War Two airfield, the Army maintained an Anti-Aircraft Training Camp across from RAF Weybourne using Bofors 40mm Anti-Aircraft Guns linked to AA4 Mk.7 Gun-Laying Radar. When that closed in 1958 the radars were transferred to the RAF. A very small permanent detachment was maintained there using the obsolete radar into the 1980's for cross-tell training, decoy work and to extend low level coverage. In the late 1980's, after the obsolete radars were removed, trials were carried out to confirm the site's suitability for deployment of the new mobile radars that were coming into service.
A Marconi Type 91 ''Martello'' radar was moved from RAF Trimingham to Weybourne in September 1996, operated by 432 Signals Unit acting as a Ready Platform (along with RAF Hopton and RAF Trimingham) for the IUKADGE Series II (United Kingdom Air Defence Ground Environment) Radar System controlled from the R3 Underground Control Centre at RAF Neatishead. In October 1997 the Type 91 at RAF Weybourne was de-built, replaced when the Type 93 at RAF Trimingham became operational.
Information sourced from -
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Weybourne
www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?ui...
Taken in the underground extention of the Texas State Capitol in Austin.
You are looking out a window into a commons area that is illuminated by a skylight window at ground-level.
Britney Spears and her posse arrive at Johnny Rockets in Calabasas where britney has stains on her pants, an ill fitting bra and some new hair extentions. At least she is trynig to pull it together even though she is eating junk food! September 9, 2010 X17online.com exclusive
Urban extents illustrate the shape and area of urbanized places. Urbanized localities are defined as places with with 5,000 or more inhabitants that are delineated by stable night-time lights. For poorly lit areas, alternate sources are used to estimate the extent of cities.
Creator: Unknown
Title: Untitled [Album Description/Provenance]
Date: Unknown
Extent: 1 leaf, manuscript (26.5x35)
Notes: From an album of photographs of China taken by Robert John Davidson. Title transcribed from caption when available. Manuscript 1 reads:
"These photos are believed to have been taken by Robert John Davidson before 1900-a complete copy of which was accepted by Queen Victoria. We think they must have been either stolen or lost from Chungking or Chengtu during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900 - How they fell into the hands of Mr. Kemp is not known but I found them in a Chinese second hand store in Shanghai in 1927 & bought them for 2.00. Mother"
Second Manuscript reads:
"Syd. S Kemp 1916 S/S Kangwah. All up river photos over 20 years old. Scarce"
Format: Manuscript Leaf
Rights Info: No known restrictions on access
Repository: Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 1A5, library.utoronto.ca/fisher
Part of: MS. Coll. 446 Clairmonte (Eileen) Papers.
Finding Aid located at: www.library.utoronto.ca/fisher/collections/findaids/clair...
My Former Primary School...Mad....Erected In 1887...In Recent Years A further Extention Has Been Added...The Old Boiler House Went In The Nineties...Lisson Green Estate Looms In The Rear....Also Photos On My Stream...
The castle has been the seat of the Percy family since Norman times. By 1138 the original motte and bailey castle, with wooden buildings, was replaced with stone buildings and walls. In 1309 the keep and defences were made even stronger by Henry de Percy. The castle then stayed unchanged for 400 years. By the 18th century it had fallen into ruins. The keep however was then turned into a gothic style mansion by Robert Adam. In the 19th century the Duke of Northumberland carried out more restoration of the castle.
—————————————————————————
ALNWICK CASTLE, THE CASTLE, STABLE COURT AND COVERED RIDING SCHOOL INCLUDING WEST WALL OF RIDING SCHOOL
Heritage Category: Listed Building
Grade: I
List Entry Number: 1371308
National Grid Reference: NU 18685 13574
Details
This list entry was subject to a Minor Amendment on 05/10/2011
NU 1813 NE 2/1 NU 1813 SE 1/1 20.2.52. 5330
Alnwick Castle The Castle, Stable Court and Covered Riding School including West Wall of Riding School
GV I
Alnwick Castle has work of every period on the line of the original motte and bailey plan. By 1138 a strong stone built border castle with a shell keep in place of the motte, formed the nucleus of the present castle with 2 baileys enclosing about 7 acres. The curtain walls and their square towers rest on early foundations and the inner gatehouse has round-headed arches with heavy chevron decoration. The Castle was greatly fortified after its purchase by Henry de Percy 1309 - the Barbican and Gatehouse, the semi-circular towers of the shell keep, the octagonal towers of the inner gateway and the strong towers of the curtain wall date from the early to mid C14. Ruinous by the C18, the 1st Duke had it rehabilitated and extended by James Prince and Robert Adam, the latter being mainly concerned with the interior decoration, very little of which remains except for fireplaces in the Housekeeper's and the Steward's Rooms and for inside the present Estates Office range. Capability Brown landscaped the grounds, filling in the former moat (formed by Bow Burn). The 4th Duke employed Anthony Salvin 1854-65 at the cost of £1/4 million to remove Adam's fanciful Gothic decoration, to restore a serious Gothic air to the exterior and to redesign the state rooms in an imposing grand Italian manner. The Castle is approached from Bailliff gate through the crenellated Barbican and Gatehouse (early C14): lion rampant (replica) over archway, projecting square side towers with corbelled upper parts, fortified passage over dry moat to vaulted gateway flanked by polygonal towers. Stone figures on crenellations here, on Aveners Tower, on Record Tower and on Inner Gateway were carved circa 1750-70 by Johnson of Stamfordham and probably reflect an earlier similar arrangement. In the Outer Bailey to the, north are the West Garrett (partly Norman), the Abbott's Tower (circa 1350) with a rib vaulted basement, and the Falconer's Tower (1856). To the south are the Aveners Tower [C18], the Clock Tower leading into the Stable Yard, the C18 office block, the Auditor's Tower (early Clk) and the Middle Gateway (circa 1309-15) leading to the Middle Bailey. The most prominent feature of the Castle on the west side is the very large Prudhoe Tower by Salvin and the polygonal apse of the chapel near to it. In the Middle Bailey, to the south are the Warders Tower (1856) with the lion gateway leading by a bridge to the grand stairs into the walled garden, the East Garrett and the Record Tower (C14, rebuilt 1885). In the curtain wall to the north are 2 blocked windows probably from an early C17 building now destroyed and the 'Bloody Gap', a piece of later walling possibly replacing a lost truer; next a small C14 watch tower (Hotspur's Seat); next the Constable's Tower, early C14 and unaltered with a gabled staircase turret; close by is the Postern Tower, early C14, also unaltered.'To the north-west of the Postern Tower is a large terrace made in the C18, rebuilt 1864-65, with some old cannon on it. The Keep is entered from the Octagon Towers (circa 1350) which have 13 heraldic shields below the parapet, besides the agotrop3ic figures, and a vaulted passage expanded from the Norman gateway (fragments of chevron on former outer arch are visible inside). The present arrangement of the inner ward is largely Salvin's work with a covered entrance with a projecting storey and lamp-bracket at the rear of the Prudhoe Tower and a corbelled corridor at 1st floor level on the east. Mediaeval draw well on the east wall, next to the original doorway to the keep, now a recess The keep, like the curtain walls, is largely mediaeval except for some C18 work on the interior on the west and for the Prudhoe Tower and the Chapel. The interior contrasts with the rugged mediaeval exterior with its sumptuous Renaissance decoration, largely by Italians - Montiroli, Nucci, Strazza, Mantavani and inspired from Italian sources. The chapel with its family gallery at the east end has 4 short rib vaulted bays and a shallow 3-light apse; side walls have mosaics, covered now with tapestry. The grand staircase With its groin vaulted ceiling leads to the Guard Chamber from which an ante-room leads west into the Library (in the Prudhoe Tower) and east into the Music Room (fireplace with Dacian captives by Nucci). Further on are the Red Drawing Room (caryatid fireplace by Nucci) and the Dining Room (ceiling design copied from St Lorenzo f.l.m. in Rome and fireplace with bacchante by Strazza and faun by Nucci). South of the Middle Gateway are Salvin's impressive Kitchen quarters where the oven was designed to burn a ton of coal per day. West of the Stable Courtyard, with C19 Guest Hall at the south end, is the C19 covered riding school, with stable to north of it, and with its west wall forming the east side of Narrowgate. The corner with Bailliffgate has an obtuse angled tower of 2 storeys, with a depressed ogee headed doorway from the street, and merlons.
Listing NGR: NU1863413479
historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/137130...
—————————————————————————
ALNWICK CASTLE
Heritage Category: Park and Garden
Grade: I
List Entry Number: 1001041
National Grid Reference: NU1739315366, NU2254414560
Details
Extensive landscape parks and pleasure grounds developed from a series of medieval deer parks, around Alnwick Castle, the seat of the Percy family since the C14.
Between 1750 and 1786, a picturesque landscape park was developed for Hugh, first Duke of Northumberland, involving work by James Paine, Robert Adam, and the supervision of work by Lancelot Brown (1716-83) and his foremen Cornelius Griffin, Robson, and Biesley in the 1760-80s, working alongside James and Thomas Call, the Duke's gardeners. During the C19 each successive Duke contributed and elaborated on the expansive, planned estate landscape, within which the landscape park was extended. This was accompanied by extensive C19 garden works, including a walled, formal flower garden designed in the early C19 by John Hay (1758-1836), and remodelled mid C19 by William Andrews Nesfield (1793-1881).
NOTE This entry is a summary. Because of the complexity of this site, the standard Register entry format would convey neither an adequate description nor a satisfactory account of the development of the landscape. The user is advised to consult the references given below for more detailed accounts. Many Listed Buildings exist within the site, not all of which have been here referred to. Descriptions of these are to be found in the List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest produced by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport.
HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT
In the C13, Hulne Park, West Park, and Cawledge were imparked within the Forest of Alnwick. Hulne Park lay to the north-west of Alnwick Castle and Cawledge to the south and south-east. By the late Middle Ages, Hulne Park extended to 4000 acres (c 1620ha) enclosed by some 13 miles (c 21km) of wall. It was stocked with some 1000 fallow deer and a tower at Hulne Priory served as a hunting lodge. The parks formed the basis of Alnwick Park, landscaped by Sir Hugh Smithson (1714-86) who in 1750 became Earl of Northumberland, inheriting his father-in-law's northern estates. Prior to this, from 1748 he and his wife, Elizabeth Seymour (1716-76), had lived at Stanwick, Yorkshire (qv) and at Syon Park, London (qv), where they had already established a reputation for gardening, attested by Philip Miller's dedication, in 1751, of his Gardener's Dictionary to the Earl.
Together they embarked on an ambitious scheme to restore the Castle, develop the grounds and estate, and restore the Percy family traditions and identity at Alnwick. Those employed at Alnwick were also involved elsewhere on the Northumberland estates: James Paine, architect at Syon House, Daniel Garrett, architect at Northumberland House, the Strand (1750-3), Robert Adam, architect at Syon (1762-9), Lancelot Brown, landscape architect at Syon Park (1754-72).
In 1751, Thomas Call (1717-82), who had been the Earl's gardener at Stanwick, prepared a scheme for the parklands and pleasure grounds, including a plan for Brizlee Hill (the south part of Hulne Park). Call and his relation James, working at Alnwick by 1756, were responsible for the development of Hulne Park over twenty years. The date and extent of Lancelot Brown's involvement at Alnwick is uncertain, although his foremen Griffin, Robson, and Biesley worked at Alnwick with teams of men between 1771and 1781 and records shown that they also worked alongside Call and his men (in 1773 for example, Call had a team of sixty men and Biesley one of seventy-eight).
Hulne Park was developed as a picturesque pleasure ground with extensive rides, follies, and the enhancement of natural features. A characteristic of the Duke's scheme was his recognition of antiquarian sites within the landscape, which were embellished. Thus in 1755, Hulne Priory was purchased to become the focal point of Hulne Park. A garden was made within the cloister walls and, from c 1763, the priory became the gamekeeper's residence, with a menagerie of gold and silver pheasants. Statues of friars cut by the mason Matthew Mills were set in the landscape. In 1774, a medieval commemorative cross to Malcolm Canmore (listed grade II), situated at the northern entrance to the North Demesne, was restored.
Following the Duchess' death in 1776, the Duke decorated all her favourite locations with buildings, some being ideas she had noted in her memoranda. Work also included other notes and ideas the Duchess had had, including the ruin at Ratcheugh Crag and some ninety-eight drives and incidents.
Plans for the parklands at the North Demesne, Denwick, and Ratcheugh Crags were developed in the late 1760s, although in the case of the North Demesne some parkland planting had been undertaken by 1760, and the major work undertaken in the early 1770s is that attributed to Brown, mainly on stylistic grounds.
During the C19, under the second Duke (1742-1817) the parks were extended, this including the purchase of Alnwick Abbey and part of its estate. The complex of drives was also extended and this was accompanied by extensive plantations, including the large Bunker Hill plantation central to the north area of Hulne Park, named to commemorate the Duke's action in 1775 in the War of American Independence. Most significantly, between 1806 and 1811, building centred on construction of a perimeter wall, defining the boundary of Hulne Park, and lodges and gateways at entrances to the parks. The carriage drives were extended, necessitating the construction of bridges over the River Aln. These schemes were implemented by estate workers, local masons, and David Stephenson, the Duke's architect.
As the Castle had no formal flower gardens, John Hay was commissioned between 1808 and 1812 to design pleasure gardens to the south-east of the Castle, linking it with a new walled garden at Barneyside, furnished with a range of hothouses, glasshouses, and pine pits. These were extended in the 1860s when Anthony Salvin, employed in the restoration of the Castle, built a gateway between the inner bailey and the pleasure gardens. Nesfield designed a scheme for the walled gardens to be developed as an ornamental flower and fruit garden, with a large central pool, conservatory, and a series of broad terraces and parterres. The Alnwick scheme can be compared to Nesfield's in the precincts of Arundel Castle, West Sussex (qv), in 1845.
Alnwick Castle, parks and estate remain (2000) in private ownership, the latest significant developments being the replanting and restoration of the North Demesne (1990s) and plans to completely remodel the walled garden.
SUMMARY DESCRIPTION
Alnwick Castle parks cover a tract of countryside encircling Alnwick town on its west, north, north-east, and south sides. The land is a mixture of contrasting landscape types, with high heather moorland and the rough crags of the Northumbrian Sandstone Hills sweeping down to the improved pasture lands along the wooded Aln valley. The parks exploit the boundaries of these distinctive landforms where the rugged moorland gives way to the pastoral, rolling landscape of the Aln, on its route to the sea. In the west parklands the river is confined between hills, and in places has incised deep, narrow valleys while in the east the landscape is more open.
The registered area of 1300ha is bounded on its north-east side by the Hulne Park wall, west of the Bewick to Alnwick Road (B6346). The west side of the area here registered follows field boundaries to the west of Shipley Burn, starting at Shipley Bridge, and then turns south-west at a point c 1km south of the bridge. It then runs for south-west for c 2.3km, to the west of Hulne Park, before crossing the River Aln and running parallel to Moorlaw Dean for c 1.2km, on the west side of the burn. The southern area is defined by Hulne Park wall running around the south point of Brizlee Wood then in a line due east, south of Cloudy Crags drive, to cross the Stocking Burn and reach Forest Lodge. The boundary then defines the north-western extent of Alnwick town and, crossing the Canongate Bridge, the southernmost extent of the Dairy Grounds.
To the east of the Castle the registered area takes in the entire North Demesne bounded on its north by Long Plantation, a perimeter belt which lies on the south side of Smiley Lane and then extends eastwards to meet the junction of the B1340 and A1 trunk road. The A1 has effectively cut through the North Demesne from north to south and, although physically divorcing the two areas, they are still visually conjoined. Defined on its north side within the hamlet of Denwick by tree belts, the park extends eastwards for 1km before cutting across southwards to meet the River Aln at Lough House. This latter stretch is bounded by a perimeter belt. The south boundary of the North Demesne follows the river in part, before meeting the Alnwick to Denwick road (B1340). To the south, the Castle gardens are delimited from the town by property boundaries along Bondgate. An outlying area of designed landscape at Ratcheugh is also included.
A complex series of drives is laid throughout the parks, particularly in Hulne Park. A series of thirty standing stones stand at the beginning of the drives or where they converge. These are inscribed with the names of the drives and act as signposts.
Alnwick Castle (1134 onwards, c 1750-68 by James Paine and Robert Adam, 1854-6 by Anthony Salvin, listed grade I) lies on the high ground on the south side of the Aln valley, commanding views to the north, east, and west. To the south is Alnwick town but the landscape is designed so that the town is not in view of the Castle. The principal views from the Castle lie over the North Demesne.
The North Demesne originally included Denwick Park (they have now been divided by the A1 road), and together these 265ha form the core parkland designed by Brown. Perimeter tree belts define the park, and clumps and scatters of specimen trees ornament the ground plan. The Aln has been dammed to give the appearance of an extensive, natural serpentine lake, with bridges as focal points: the Lion Bridge (John Adam 1773, listed grade I) and Denwick Bridge (1766, probably also by Adam, listed grade I). A programme of replanting and restoration of the North Demesne is under way (late 1990s).
The medieval deer park of Hulne extended to the north of the Shipley Road (outside the area here registered). Hulne Park is now 1020ha and is in agricultural and forestry use. The principal entrance from Alnwick town is Forest Lodge, the only extant part of Alnwick Abbey. Hulne Park is completely enclosed by an early C19 perimeter wall, c 3m high with shaped stone coping and buttresses every 20m. Nearly 5km of wall lies alongside roads, 5km across fields, and 5km defines perimeter woodland and moorland from the enclosed park.
The park design consists of a series of oval-shaped enclosures, defined by tree belts vital for shelter. The highest point is in the west area of the park, from where there are long-distance views east to the sea. The River Aln winds its way through the park via a series of contrasting steep valleys and flatter lands. The valleys are emphasised by planting on the upper slopes, while the lower areas are encircled with designed plantations to emphasise the river's meanders and ox-bow lakes.
Picturesque incidents survive at Nine Year Aud Hole, where the statue of a hermit (late C18, listed grade II) stands at the entrance to a natural cave along Cave Drive, and at Long Stone, a monolith standing high on the west side of Brizlee Hill, with panoramic views over Hulne Park to the north-west. The picturesque highlight is Hulne Priory (original medieval buildings, C18 alterations and enhancements, all listed grade I), which includes a summerhouse designed by Robert Adam (1778-80, listed grade I) and statues of praying friars erected in the Chapter House (late C18). The Priory's picturesque qualities are well appreciated from Brizlee Tower (Robert Adam, listed grade I), built in 1781 to commemorate the creation of the Alnwick parks by the first Duke and Duchess, a Latin inscription stating:
Circumspice! Ego omnia ista sum dimensus; Mei sunt ordines, Mea descriptio Multae etiam istarum arborum Mea manu sunt satae. [Look about you. I have measured all these things; they are my orders; it is my planning; many of these trees have been planted by my own hand.]
Brizlee is sited on a high point which can be seen in views north-west from the Castle, mirroring views north-east to the 'Observatory' on Ratcheugh Crag, a sham ruined castle sited as an eyecatcher on high ground and built by John Bell of Durham in 1784 (plans to further elaborate it were designed by Robert Adam).
Another principal feature of Hulne Park is a series of regular, walled enclosures (the walls set in ditches with banks cast up inside the compounds) which line Farm Drive, the central road through the park, north-westwards from Moor Lodge. This functioned as the third Duke's menagerie, and is still pasture.
The 15ha Dairy Ground links Hulne Park and the North Demesne. It principally consists of the Aln valley north-west of the Castle, stretching between Canongate Bridge and Lion Bridge, laid out as pleasure gardens. Barbara's Bank and the Dark Walk are plantations laid out with walks on the steep slopes with a Curling Pond to the north of the Aln.
The walled garden of 3ha lies to the south-east of the Castle, reached by the remains of C19 pleasure gardens laid out on the slopes above Barneyside. After the Second World War use of the glasshouses ceased, and until recently (late 1990s) the Estate Forestry Department used it. The earthwork terraces and remnants of specimen planting of Nesfield's scheme survive.
REFERENCES
Note: There is a wealth of material about this site. The key references are cited below.
The Garden, 5 (1874), pp 100-1, 188; 20 (1881), pp 155-6 Gardeners' Chronicle, ii (1880), pp 523-4, 587; ii (1902), pp 273-4 J Horticulture and Cottage Gardener 15, (1887), pp 296-8 P Finch, History of Burley on the Hill (1901), p 330 Country Life, 65 (22 June 1929), pp 890-8; 66 (6 July 1929), pp 16-22; 174 (4 August 1983), p 275 D Stroud, Capability Brown (1975), pp 103-4 Garden History 9, (1981), pp 174-7 Capability Brown and the Northern Landscape, (Tyne & Wear County Council Museums 1983), pp 19, 22-3, 27, 42 Restoration Management Plan, Alnwick Castle, (Land Use Consultants 1996) C Shrimpton, Alnwick Castle, guidebook, (1999)
Description written: August 2000 Resgister Inspector: KC Edited: June 2003
historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/100104...
See also:-
Urban extents illustrate the shape and area of urbanized places. Urbanized localities are defined as places with with 5,000 or more inhabitants that are delineated by stable night-time lights. For poorly lit areas, alternate sources are used to estimate the extent of cities.
Biography:
Luang Pu Boon was born on the 3rd July in B.E.2391 at Nakorn Chai Sri district of Nakorn Pathom province. When he was an infant, he was seriously ill to the extent of stop breathing. His relatives thought that he was dead and was almost wanted to bury him, but miraculously he recovered and later was named “Boon” (meaning wholesomeness / merit) by his parents.
Luang Pu Boon was ordained as a novice at the age of 13. He began to study and practice incantation from Palad Thong of Wat Khong Karam and Palad Parn of Wat Tuk Ta. He later successfully completed the subject "Maha Jindamanee Mantra Kom". Even the Supreme Patriarch Pear (Sangkarat Pear Wat Suthat) who was a close friend of Luang Pu Boon had often learn about incantation from Luang Pu Boon at Wat Klang Bang Kaew.
The Phra Pathom Jedee of Nakorn Pathom province was a huge Pagoda built since B.E 234 which housed the holy relics of the Buddha. In the olden days, it was a common practice to elect a number of famous monks to protect the relics from evil forces. Luang Pu Boon was one of elected monks to provide protection in West direction.
Luang Pu Boon had created a number of amulets during his lifetime and some of the popular pieces are as follows:
1) Rian Chao Sua - it was made since B.E.2478 and it is the most expensive of Luang Pu Boon's amulets and can be considered to be one of the top five of molded coin in Thailand. The Rian Chao Sua were made of Nur Ngern or Nur Thong Daeng material.
2) Amulets made from Phong Ya Jindamanee. These Phong Ya Jindamanee powder was very difficult to make and had to undergo incantation performed by Luang Pu Boon. The special effect of Jindamanee powder had to do with the effective healing of patients with various illnesses and diseases. It was well known among the villagers of Nakorn Pathom that the patients recovered miraculously after they were treated with Jindamanee powder. There were many amulet moulds made from Phong Ya Jindamanee powder such as Sean-Loan-Sadung klub, Leela Nang-Talun, Soom-Rakang, Soom-Kong, Soom-Laem , Soom Ratana-Tri, Soom-Rasa Mee and etc..
3) Sean-Loan-Sadung-Klub made of Nur Din materials. These amulets have special features in the forms of their mould design is opposite to that of Man-Vi-Chai. Luang Pu Boon used many broken pieces of Phra-Phong-Suparn as a mixture of the soil material and Luang Pu Boon making potent by magic incantation in reverse order starting from the end to the beginning. It was believe that these amulets possess special spiritual effects of turning misfortune into good luck .
4) Phra Chaiwat / Phra Kring
5) The famous Biagae which is the trade mark of Wat Klang Bang Kaew which can ward evil spirits and protect its owners from black magics.
Image available for purchase from www.ballaratheritage.com.au</a
Victorian Heritage Register information
Extent of Registration
1. All the buildings marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
B1 Bathhouse consisting of the original bathhouse (1895), brick extension (1922) and brick chimney (1936)
B2 Pavilion and Kiosk (1907, 1939)
B3 Sound Shell (1971)
B4 Caretaker's Cottage (early 20th Century)
2. All of the structures marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
S1 Soda Spring
S2 Locarno Spring
S3 Sulphur Spring
3. The tree marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
T1 Sequioadendron giganteum
4. All the land marked L1 on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director including Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve Crown Land Parcel P109606, Mineral Springs and Public Park Reserve Crown Land Parcel P109666 and Hepburn Springs Spa Complex Parcel 31D24
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is approximately 30 hectares of public land adjacent to Hepburn Springs township that includes the Hepburn Mineral Springs Spa Complex. The reserve contains a series of mineral springs that have been in continuous public use for drinking and bathing since the mid-19th century are the best known of the large concentration of more than 100 mineral springs in Victoria's Central Highlands first systematically inventoried by the Geological Survey of Victoria in 1910 under Director of E.J. Dunn (1904 - 1912). A reserve of 0.5 hectares was first created on the site in 1868 to protect the springs from surrounding gold mining activities. The extent of the reserve was increased to its present size in the early 20th century as a result of local pressure for protection of the mineral springs local pressure and on the recommendation of Dunn that a network of Mineral Springs Reserves of standard size be established throughout Victoria.
Although the local community, in particular the Swiss-Italian migrants, had regularly used the springs since at least the 1870s, it was the construction of the rail line to nearby Daylesford in 1880 that markedly increased the accessibility of the springs to tourists who came in increasing numbers to 'take the waters'. By the 1890s a bath house had been established at the springs offering a range of hydrotherapies, reflecting the popularity of health tourism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The popularity of the Springs continued through the first decades of the 20th century and into the inter-war years, but declined rapidly after the Second World War. In the 1980s resurgence in the popularity of the Hepburn Mineral Springs led to substantial renovation of the spa bath house. The Reserve continues to be a major Victorian tourist destination.
The topography of the Reserve is dominated by a gully, through which Spring Creek runs and along which the Reserves' three main springs, the Soda, Locarno and Sulphur springs are located. The springs have been modified over time, with infrastructure in place from the early 20th century to permit water to be collected by efficient and sanitary means for use in the bath house and for drinking. The Locarno Spring, identified in 1914 and named in honour of a prominent Swiss-Italian community member, is permanently set aside for public use. Members of the local Swiss community were also responsible for construction of the swimming pool on Spring Creek in the south of the reserve in the late 1920s (H1865).
The landscape, once reflecting mining activities, is now a picturesque combination of regrowth native vegetation and exotic trees on the higher land while along the creek are cultivated parklands of lawn, exotic deciduous trees and conifers and ornamental plantings and paving, much of which is Castlemaine slate. Many of the exotic trees were planted by local communities in an effort to beautify the reserve, provide shade in summer and create a landscape reminiscent of European spa centres. The main lawn area or Picnic Park, is dominated by a single Sierra Redwood (Sequioadentrum giganteum) specimen planted in 1901 to commemorate Federation.
Within the garden landscape along the creek are a number of buildings associated with the recreational use of the mineral springs since late 19th century including the only extant 19th century mineral springs bathhouse in Victoria. This brick building was erected in 1895 and extended in the 1920s with the addition of further baths and waiting room (1922) followed by a boiler house. This structure continued in use until the late 1980s when major renovations and additions were undertaken creating the Hepburn Springs Spa Complex in which external fabric of the original bath house and 1920s extension was retained along with a brick chimney from the boiler house. To the south of the bath house a timber pavilion was erected in 1897 to provide shelter for visitors. This was replaced in 1908 by the extant Edwardian red brick hexagonal pavilion in which community dances and other social functions were held in the inter-war period and which continues to serve as a shelter for visitors. An adjoining kiosk, also in red brick was added on the north side of the pavilion in 1939.
There are a number of other buildings in the Reserve including the caretakers cottage, a single storey weatherboard cottage probably dating to the early 20th century, and the Sound Shell, a small concrete block structure in the Picnic Park erected in 1971 by the Hepburn Springs Progress Association to provide an open air performance space.
How is it significant?
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic, social, aesthetic and scientific significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it Significant?
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of historical significance as an intact and authentic expression of 19th and early 20th century nature and health tourism in Victoria, made popular through the development of the country rail network and also reflected in the construction of the Mount Buffalo Chalet in 1910 (H0901) and development of the Buchan Caves Reserve in the first decades of the 20th century (H1978). The rapid rise in the popularity of the Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve in the late 19th century was specifically related to the then popular belief in the recuperative and invigorating powers of 'taking the waters'.
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic significance as the best known and most popular of Victoria's mineral springs, in continuous use since at least the 1870s. Hepburn Springs is the only mineral spa development with a surviving 19th century bath house.
Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of scientific significance for the geological feature of the mineral springs themselves, each of which has a unique chemical composition, and for the Reserve's association with the establishment of the network of Mineral Reserves in Victoria in the early 20th century through the Geological Survey of Victoria and its Director E. J Dunn (1904 - 1912).
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of aesthetic significance as a constructed picturesque and evocative cultural landscape combining exotic, European, plantings with indigenous vegetation, exhibiting a high degree of authenticity especially in the largely intact pavilion and surviving fabric of the 19th century bath house set amid the garden landscape.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance to the people of Victoria as a highly popular place of recreation and source of mineral water for public use.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance for its association with European migrant communities in Victoria, in particular the Swiss-Italian community who recognised the therapeutic value of the springs in the 19th century, who continue to have a strong attachment to the place and who contribute to the conservation of the springs through community action.
Urban extents illustrate the shape and area of urbanized places. Urbanized localities are defined as places with with 5,000 or more inhabitants that are delineated by stable night-time lights. For poorly lit areas, alternate sources are used to estimate the extent of cities.
Urban extents illustrate the shape and area of urbanized places. Urbanized localities are defined as places with with 5,000 or more inhabitants that are delineated by stable night-time lights. For poorly lit areas, alternate sources are used to estimate the extent of cities.
Dr. Walter Sparks, Peter Fountian (in charge of Potato Research in Tasmania, Aus.), and Ray Hueneman (Dir. of Research and Development J.R. Simplot Co.) in front of the Aberdeen Research Potato Storage. 1959.
Britney Spears and her posse arrive at Johnny Rockets in Calabasas where britney has stains on her pants, an ill fitting bra and some new hair extentions. At least she is trynig to pull it together even though she is eating junk food! September 9, 2010 X17online.com exclusive
Notes in a antique sketch book. The writing is just as artistic as the drawings.
Visit the etsy shop listed in my profile for this image.
[UPDATE]
Dublin City Council (DCC) yesterday informed Luas about the extent and consequences of the structural damage caused to the fire damaged buildings adjacent to the Red Line Luas tracks on Benburb Street, Dublin 7.
DCC's Consultant Structural Engineer confirmed that the buildings are unstable and it is not possible to secure the buildings as they had originally planned.
Furthermore DCC informed Luas that it will be Friday 23rd March or indeed Monday March 26th before Luas can resume a full Red Line service.
[QUESTION]
The Luas website refere to a fire on Queen Street but they show a photograph of this location which is in fact Benburb Street. Was there a second incident on Queen Street or are the Luas people confused?
[UPDATE]
At a meeting this morning, Tuesday March 20th, Dublin City Council, Buildings Department confirmed work had commenced on the site and a progress meeting will be held at 4pm on Wednesday March 21st. Following this meeting Luas will update passengers on the service for the rest of the week.
I had a discussion with an official at a Luas today and he indicated that it could take until Friday before the service is restored. However, everyone was trying their best to restore service by Thursday.
====================================
Red Line Service Tuesday March 20th 2012: Please note the Red Line will operate between Tallaght/ Saggart and Heuston Stop only. There will be no service from Heuston to the city centre. The frequency will change also, 7 - 10 minutes in the peak. 15- 20 minutes off peak. Luas passengers are therefore advised to leave extra time to travel. Luas tickets are valid on Dublin Bus.
Monday March 19th: Please be advised the Luas Red Line service is currently running between Tallaght/Saggart and Blackhorse Stop only. As a result there is no tram service between Blackhorse Stop and the city centre.
This service disruption is due to a fire in the city centre on Saturday morning March 17th on Queen Street.
Luas has been requested to turn off the power to the overhead lines in the affected area as buildings in the immediate vicinity of the track need to be protected and or demolished and a safety cordon is in operation.
The Laxminarayan Temple, also known as the Birla Mandir is a Hindu temple up to large extent dedicated to Laxminarayan in Delhi, India. Laxminarayan usually refers to Vishnu, Preserver in the Trimurti, also known as Narayan, when he is with his consort Lakshmi. The temple, inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi, was built by Jugal Kishore Birla from 1933 and 1939. The side temples are dedicated to Shiva, Krishna and Buddha.
It was the first large Hindu temple built in Delhi. The temple is spread over 7.5 acres, adorned with many shrines, fountains, and a large garden with Hindu and Nationalistic sculptures, and also houses Geeta Bhawan for discourses. The temple is one of the major attractions of Delhi and attracts thousands of devotees on the festivals of Janmashtami and Diwali.
HISTORY
The construction of temple dedicated to Laxmi Narayana started in 1933, built by industrialist and philanthropist, Baldeo Das Birla and his son Jugal Kishore Birla of Birla family, thus, the temple is also known as Birla Temple. The foundation stone of the temple was laid by Maharaj Udaybhanu Singh. The temple was built under guidance of Pandit Vishwanath Shastri. The concluding ceremony and Yagna was performed by Swami Keshwa Nandji. The famous temple is accredited to have been inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1939. At that time, Mahatma Gandhi kept a condition that the temple would not be restricted to the upper-caste Hindus and people from every caste would be allowed inside.
This is the first of a series of temples built by the Birlas in many cities of India, which are also often called Birla Temple.
ARCHITECTURE
Its architect was Sris Chandra Chatterjee, a leading proponent of the "Modern Indian Architecture Movement." The architecture was influenced heavily by the principles of the Swadeshi movement of the early twentieth century and the canonical texts used. The movement did not reject the incorporation of new construction ideas and technologies. Chatterjee extensively used modern materials in his buildings. The three-storied temple is built in the northern or Nagara style of temple architecture. The entire temple is adorned with carvings depicting the scenes from golden yuga of the present universe cycle. More than hundred skilled artisans from Benares, headed by Acharya Vishvanath Shastri, carved the icons of the temple. The highest shikhara of the temple above the sanctum sanctorum is about 160 feet high. The temple faces the east and is situated on a high plinth. The shrine is adorned with fresco paintings depicting his life and work. The icons of the temple are in marble brought from Jaipur. Kota stone from Makarana, Agra, Kota, and Jaisalmer was used in the construction of the temple premises. The Geeta Bhawan to the north of the temple is dedicated to Lord Krishna. Artificial landscape and cascading waterfalls add to the beauty of the temple.
TEMPLE
The main temple houses statues of Lord Narayan and Goddess Lakshmi. There are other small shrines dedicated to Lord Shiva, Lord Ganesha and Hanuman. There is also a shrine dedicated to Lord Buddha. The left side temple shikhar (dome) houses Devi Durga, the goddess of Shakti, the power. The temple is spread over an area of 30,000 m2 approximately and the built up area is 2,100 m2.
LOCATION
The temple is located on the Mandir Marg, situated west of the Connaught Place in New Delhi. The temple is easily accessible from the city by local buses, taxis and auto-rickshaws. Nearest Delhi Metro station is R. K. Ashram Marg metro station, located about 2 km away. Also on the same road lies the New Delhi Kalibari.
WIKIPEDIA
Since the times of the Babenberg to 1850, the territorial extent of the City of Vienna remained virtually unchanged, so that also until 1850 the story of the inner city with the history of the city is identical. Only with the introduction of the municipal districts 1 to 8 on March 6, 1850 the former City of Vienna was turned into the 1st district of Vienna, the "Inner City".
Still in 1857 the "city" has been extended to the spaces of the fortifications, the town moat and the glacis, that were designated for urban development. Of the bastions few remains have been preserved to this day: Parts of Mölkerbastei, of the Augustinerbastei at the Albertina, the Coburgbastei and the Dominikanerbastei. The glacis, the free area outside the city walls, in former times as well as the bastions a popular promenade ground was quickly developed - with the exception of Josefstädter Glacis between the Castle gate and the Schotten gate that still for over a decade has been used as exercise and parade ground.
On the site of the former fortification complex the ring road was built. In its course emerged a chain of representative public buildings, as whose first one the Court Opera was completed in 1869. However, the construction of the ring road was not made in one go; its last section could only be tackled after the demolition of Franz Joseph's barracks at Stubenring in 1898. In addition to the large public buildings - Opera, Burgtheater, Parliament, University, Museums, Stock Exchange, etc. - built the high nobility and the upper middle class along the boulevard their ring street palaces "Ringstraßenpalais". The already 1862 completed and in 1945 destroyed court Heinrichhof opposite the Opera was the first ever major construction of Ring street era.
Remarkably enough, arose at the Ring road no religious building, apart from the Votive Church, which has already been built earlier and no longer belongs to the 1st District.
Given the huge construction project of the Ring road one easily forgets the massive construction activity, in the 19th century also changing the internal parts of the district. By doing so, towards the preservation of the existing city image, which had evolved over time, no consideration was given, and culturally and historically unique buildings fell victim to the pickaxe. So was in 1825 the Katzensteigtor (Cat path gate) (Seitenstetten alley 6) demolished, still stemming from the 12th century. All still existing Gothic town towers but one (in the courtyard of the house FIeischmarkt/Meat market 9) had been removed, but also entire complexes of buildings were demolished, so in 1821/22 the old court Passauer Hof below Mary on the Strand, the court Federlhof 1845, the old court Lazenhof 1852. The ditch in 1840 in the West was deprived of its ending, in 1866 in the East, with the result that the old elephant house was razed. The complex of the Brandstätte (Fire site) was totally remodeled in 1874-75, the Minorite monastery demolished, the area of the Civil hospital in 1882/83 anew parcelled out. The built here court Philipphof was hit in 1945 by a bomb and in the course of this died over 50 people.
Consequently, the representative old housing stock of Inner City, apart from a number but extremely remarkable noble palace, is greatly reduced. On the other hand, especially from the 19th century a sufficient number of impressive buildings have been preserved.
Today, the 1st district is primarily an office, business and shopping district: because of its numerous attractions, it is also the destination of swarms of foreign tourists. The street Kärntner Straße is one of the most popular shopping and strolling streets of Vienna, a considerable contribution was provided through the creation of a pedestrian zone (1971). The city center which was already in danger to become deserted as a pure business district after work hours, since the opening of the first pedestrian zone and the opening of various restaurants in the northern part of the center, the so-called "Bermuda Triangle", has a very active nightlife.
Seit den Zeiten der Babenberger bis 1850 blieb der territoriale Umfang der Stadt Wien praktisch unverändert, sodass auch bis 1850 die Geschichte der Inneren Stadt mit der Geschichte der Stadt ident ist. Erst mit der Einführung der Gemeindebezirke 1 bis 8 am 6. März 1850 wurde aus der bisherigen Stadt Wien der 1. Wiener Gemeindebezirk, die „Innere Stadt".
Noch 1857 wurde die "Stadt" um die zur Verbauung freigegebenen Flächen der Befestigungsanlagen, des Stadtgrabens und des Glacis erweitert. Von den Basteien haben sich bis heute geringe Reste erhalten: Teile der Mölkerbastei, der Augustinerbastei bei der Albertina, der Coburgbastei und der Dominikanerbastei. Das Glacis, die freie Fläche vor den Stadtmauern, ehedem ebenso wie die Basteien ein beliebter Promenadengrund, wurde rasch verbaut - mit Ausnahme des Josefstädter Glacis zwischen Burg- und Schottentor, das noch über ein Jahrzehnt als Exerzier- und Paradeplatz benutzt wurde.
Auf dem Gelände der einstigen Befestigungsanlagen wurde die Ringstraße errichtet. in ihrem Verlauf entstand eine Kette repräsentativer öffentlicher Gebäude, als deren erstes 1869 die Hofoper fertiggestellt wurde. Gleichwohl erfolgte der Bau der Ringstraße nicht in einem Zug; ihr letzter Abschnitt konnte erst nach dem Abbruch der Franz-Josephs-Kaserne am Stubenring 1898 in Angriff genommen werden. Neben den großen öffentlichen Gebäuden - Oper, Burgtheater, Parlament, Universität, Museen, Börse usw. - errichteten der Hochadel und das Großbürgertum entlang der Prachtstraße ihre "Ringstraßenpalais". Der bereits 1862 fertiggestellte, 1945 zerstörte Heinrichhof gegenüber der Oper war überhaupt der erste Großbau der Ringstraßenära.
Bemerkenswerterweise entstand an der Ringstraße kein Sakralbau, sieht man von der Votivkirche ab, die jedoch bereits etwas früher errichtet wurde und nicht mehr zum 1. Bezirk gehört.
Angesichts des Riesenbauprojektes der Ringstraße vergisst man gerne auf die gewaltige Bautätigkeit, die im 19. Jahrhundert auch die Innenteile des Bezirkes veränderte. Dabei wurde auf die Erhaltung des gewachsenen Stadtbildes so gut wie keine Rücksicht genommen, und kulturhistorisch einmalige Bauwerke fielen der Spitzhacke zum Opfer. So wurde 1825 das Katzensteigtor (Seitenstettengasse 6) abgerissen, das noch aus dem 12. Jahrhundert stammte. Alle noch bestehenden gotischen Stadttürme bis auf einen (im Hof des Hauses FIeischmarkt 9) wurden abgetragen, aber auch ganze Baukomplexe wurden demoliert, so 1821/22 der alte Passauer Hof unterhalb Maria am Gestade, der Federlhof 1845, der alte Lazenhof 1852. Der Graben wurde 1840 im Westen seines Abschlusses beraubt, 1866 im Osten, wobei das alte Elefantenhaus geschleift wurde. Der Komplex der Brandstätte wurde 1874/75 total umgestaltet, das Minoritenkloster abgetragen, das Areal des Bürgerspitals 1882/83 neu parzelliert. Der hier gebaute Philipphof wurde 1945 von einer Bombe getroffen und es starben dabei über 50 Menschen.
So kommt es, dass der repräsentative alte Hausbestand der Inneren Stadt, von einer Reihe allerdings äußerst bemerkenswerter Adelspalais abgesehen, sehr reduziert ist. Andererseits haben sich gerade aus dem 19. Jahrhundert eine genügende Anzahl eindrucksvoller Bauten erhalten.
Heute ist der 1. Bezirk vor allem ein Büro-, Geschäfts- und Einkaufsbezirk: er ist wegen seiner zahlreichen Sehenswürdigkeiten auch Ziel von Scharen ausländischer Touristen. Die Kärntner Straße ist eine der beliebtesten Einkaufs- und Bummelstraßen Wiens, wozu vor allem die Einrichtung einer Fußgängerzone (1971) wesentlich beitrug. Die Innenstadt, die schon in Gefahr stand, als reines Büroviertel nach Geschäftsschluss zu veröden, weist seit der Eröffnung der ersten Fußgängerzone und der Eröffnung diverser Lokale im nördlichen Teil des Zentrums, dem sogenannten „Bermudadreieck“ ein sehr aktives Nachtleben auf.
www.stadt-wien.at/wien/wiener-bezirke/1-bezirk-innere-sta...
lots of work to guide the development of signs that suited all mineral springs settings, were durable and easy to read. Unfortunately aesthetic consideration in exact placement can't always be assumed.
Victorian Heritage Register information
Extent of Registration
1. All the buildings marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
B1 Bathhouse consisting of the original bathhouse (1895), brick extension (1922) and brick chimney (1936)
B2 Pavilion and Kiosk (1907, 1939)
B3 Sound Shell (1971)
B4 Caretaker's Cottage (early 20th Century)
2. All of the structures marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
S1 Soda Spring
S2 Locarno Spring
S3 Sulphur Spring
3. The tree marked as follows on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director
T1 Sequioadendron giganteum
4. All the land marked L1 on Diagram 2098 held by the Executive Director including Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve Crown Land Parcel P109606, Mineral Springs and Public Park Reserve Crown Land Parcel P109666 and Hepburn Springs Spa Complex Parcel 31D24
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is approximately 30 hectares of public land adjacent to Hepburn Springs township that includes the Hepburn Mineral Springs Spa Complex. The reserve contains a series of mineral springs that have been in continuous public use for drinking and bathing since the mid-19th century are the best known of the large concentration of more than 100 mineral springs in Victoria's Central Highlands first systematically inventoried by the Geological Survey of Victoria in 1910 under Director of E.J. Dunn (1904 - 1912). A reserve of 0.5 hectares was first created on the site in 1868 to protect the springs from surrounding gold mining activities. The extent of the reserve was increased to its present size in the early 20th century as a result of local pressure for protection of the mineral springs local pressure and on the recommendation of Dunn that a network of Mineral Springs Reserves of standard size be established throughout Victoria.
Although the local community, in particular the Swiss-Italian migrants, had regularly used the springs since at least the 1870s, it was the construction of the rail line to nearby Daylesford in 1880 that markedly increased the accessibility of the springs to tourists who came in increasing numbers to 'take the waters'. By the 1890s a bath house had been established at the springs offering a range of hydrotherapies, reflecting the popularity of health tourism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The popularity of the Springs continued through the first decades of the 20th century and into the inter-war years, but declined rapidly after the Second World War. In the 1980s resurgence in the popularity of the Hepburn Mineral Springs led to substantial renovation of the spa bath house. The Reserve continues to be a major Victorian tourist destination.
The topography of the Reserve is dominated by a gully, through which Spring Creek runs and along which the Reserves' three main springs, the Soda, Locarno and Sulphur springs are located. The springs have been modified over time, with infrastructure in place from the early 20th century to permit water to be collected by efficient and sanitary means for use in the bath house and for drinking. The Locarno Spring, identified in 1914 and named in honour of a prominent Swiss-Italian community member, is permanently set aside for public use. Members of the local Swiss community were also responsible for construction of the swimming pool on Spring Creek in the south of the reserve in the late 1920s (H1865).
The landscape, once reflecting mining activities, is now a picturesque combination of regrowth native vegetation and exotic trees on the higher land while along the creek are cultivated parklands of lawn, exotic deciduous trees and conifers and ornamental plantings and paving, much of which is Castlemaine slate. Many of the exotic trees were planted by local communities in an effort to beautify the reserve, provide shade in summer and create a landscape reminiscent of European spa centres. The main lawn area or Picnic Park, is dominated by a single Sierra Redwood (Sequioadentrum giganteum) specimen planted in 1901 to commemorate Federation.
Within the garden landscape along the creek are a number of buildings associated with the recreational use of the mineral springs since late 19th century including the only extant 19th century mineral springs bathhouse in Victoria. This brick building was erected in 1895 and extended in the 1920s with the addition of further baths and waiting room (1922) followed by a boiler house. This structure continued in use until the late 1980s when major renovations and additions were undertaken creating the Hepburn Springs Spa Complex in which external fabric of the original bath house and 1920s extension was retained along with a brick chimney from the boiler house. To the south of the bath house a timber pavilion was erected in 1897 to provide shelter for visitors. This was replaced in 1908 by the extant Edwardian red brick hexagonal pavilion in which community dances and other social functions were held in the inter-war period and which continues to serve as a shelter for visitors. An adjoining kiosk, also in red brick was added on the north side of the pavilion in 1939.
There are a number of other buildings in the Reserve including the caretakers cottage, a single storey weatherboard cottage probably dating to the early 20th century, and the Sound Shell, a small concrete block structure in the Picnic Park erected in 1971 by the Hepburn Springs Progress Association to provide an open air performance space.
How is it significant?
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic, social, aesthetic and scientific significance to the State of Victoria
Why is it Significant?
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of historical significance as an intact and authentic expression of 19th and early 20th century nature and health tourism in Victoria, made popular through the development of the country rail network and also reflected in the construction of the Mount Buffalo Chalet in 1910 (H0901) and development of the Buchan Caves Reserve in the first decades of the 20th century (H1978). The rapid rise in the popularity of the Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve in the late 19th century was specifically related to the then popular belief in the recuperative and invigorating powers of 'taking the waters'.
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of historic significance as the best known and most popular of Victoria's mineral springs, in continuous use since at least the 1870s. Hepburn Springs is the only mineral spa development with a surviving 19th century bath house.
Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of scientific significance for the geological feature of the mineral springs themselves, each of which has a unique chemical composition, and for the Reserve's association with the establishment of the network of Mineral Reserves in Victoria in the early 20th century through the Geological Survey of Victoria and its Director E. J Dunn (1904 - 1912).
The Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve is of aesthetic significance as a constructed picturesque and evocative cultural landscape combining exotic, European, plantings with indigenous vegetation, exhibiting a high degree of authenticity especially in the largely intact pavilion and surviving fabric of the 19th century bath house set amid the garden landscape.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance to the people of Victoria as a highly popular place of recreation and source of mineral water for public use.
Hepburn Springs Mineral Reserve is of social significance for its association with European migrant communities in Victoria, in particular the Swiss-Italian community who recognised the therapeutic value of the springs in the 19th century, who continue to have a strong attachment to the place and who contribute to the conservation of the springs through community action.
VHR citation
BLOCK ARCADE
Location
280 - 286 COLLINS STREET 96 - 102 ELIZABETH STREET MELBOURNE, Melbourne City
Google Maps and Google Streetview
Victorian Heritage Register (VHR) Number
H0032
Heritage Overlay Number
HO596
a Level of Significance
Registered
Extent of Registration 1. All the building known as the Block Arcade marked B1 on Diagram 32 held by the Executive Director.
2. All the land marked L1 on Diagram 32 held by the Executive Director, being the land described in Certificate of Titles Vol. 4645 Fol. 875, part of Vol. 9409 Fol. 669, Vol. 9924 Fol. 206, Vol. 9409 Fol. 669 and Vol. 4645 Fol. 874.
Statement of Significance
What is significant?
The Block Arcade was developed by financier Benjamin Fink. The Collins Street section of the building was completed in February 1892 and is similar in style to the Milano Galleria Vittorio Arcade in Italy. The new shopping arcade was designed by David.C.Askew of the architectural firm Twentyman and Askew. The cost of erection was £46 233. The bluestone footings for the building came from the original structure on the site, the Briscoe & Company Bulk Store. The site of 96-102 Elizabeth Street was purchased by the City Property Company Ltd in January 1892. Architect David Askew was called upon to continue his style for the arcade and this area was completed in October the following year. The Block Arcade comprises of arcade shops with mezzanine levels above for social rooms and offices, shops to Collins Street, Block Place and Elizabeth Street and four levels of office space above. The arcade forms an L-shape with a polygonal planned space with a glazed roof at the corner of the L. The kink in the plan was due to the shape of the original block subdivision and the location of Block Place, the lane behind. Linking the two spaces is an elaborately patterned mosaic floor of tiles, which were imported from Europe. When the arcade was constructed the Building and Engineering Journal noted that the flooring contained the largest area of mosaics yet laid down in Australia. In 1907, scenic artist Philip Goatcher for the Singer Sewing Machine Company decorated the ceiling of their premises on the east corner of the Collins Street entry to the arcade. The other shop to Collins Street, which housed the first Kodak shop in Melbourne contains an elaborate pressed metal ceiling. The facades to Collins and Elizabeth Street are designed in the Victorian Mannerist style with elaborate stucco decoration. Particular facade elements include; triangular and segmental pediments; rustication and an exaggerated cornice with brackets. Features of the upstairs office spaces include timber joinery around lift entries, tessellated tiles to the lobby spaces, elaborate leadlight windows and decorative plasterwork to arches in the corridors. There is also one surviving communal timber telephone box situated in a corridor.
How is it significant?
The Block Arcade is of architectural, aesthetic, social and historical importance to the State of Victoria.
Why is it significant?
The Block Arcade is of architectural and aesthetic importance as an excellent intact example of a shopping arcade. The design draws on early and influential European models and as such is important in its ability to demonstrate the essential and typical qualities of those designs and the continuity of the tradition of covered shopping streets. The Elizabeth and Collins Street facades are fine examples of the Mannerist style demonstrating many of the characteristic elements, such as a combination of triangular and segmental pediments and rustication. The Block Arcade is of architectural and aesthetic significance as it features lavish interior decoration, including an extraordinary mosaic tile floor. Based on the Milan Galleria Vittoria, it has a glass roof over the arcade with a glass dome at is corner. Its internal spaces, with their high quality finishes, have been maintained and the arcade remains a grand and prestigious retailing precinct. Attention to detail has also been carried through to the office spaces on the levels above the arcade.
The Block Arcade is of social and historical importance as the grandest and most fashionable amongst what became an extensive network of retail arcades that provided an alternative pedestrian route to Melbourne's major streets. Many of the arcades constructed in Melbourne before the turn of the century have not survived or have been altered considerably. The Block Arcade is important as an essential element in the social institution of doing The Block. This was a friendly expression referring to the stylish shopping trend of the late 19th century which involved starting in Collins Street at Swanston, then moving west to Elizabeth, north to Little Collins Street and back to Swanston. The Block was the place to be seen and those who frequented the popular thoroughfare, its shops and tea houses were often recorded by caricaturists in the city's social pages.
Year Construction Started 1891
Architectural Style Victorian Period (1851-1901) Mannerist
Heritage Act Categories Heritage place
Municipality MELBOURNE CITY; MELBOURNE CITY
VHR H0032 Statement of signficance
What is significant?
The Block Arcade was developed by financier Benjamin Fink. The Collins Street section of the building was completed in February 1892 and is similar in style to the Milano Galleria Vittorio Arcade in Italy. The new shopping arcade was designed by David.C.Askew of the architectural firm Twentyman and Askew. The cost of erection was £46 233. The bluestone footings for the building came from the original structure on the site, the Briscoe & Company Bulk Store. The site of 96-102 Elizabeth Street was purchased by the City Property Company Ltd in January 1892. Architect David Askew was called upon to continue his style for the arcade and this area was completed in October the following year. The Block Arcade comprises of arcade shops with mezzanine levels above for social rooms and offices, shops to Collins Street, Block Place and Elizabeth Street and four levels of office space above. The arcade forms an L-shape with a polygonal planned space with a glazed roof at the corner of the L. The kink in the plan was due to the shape of the original block subdivision and the location of Block Place, the lane behind. Linking the two spaces is an elaborately patterned mosaic floor of tiles, which were imported from Europe. When the arcade was constructed the Building and Engineering Journal noted that the flooring contained the largest area of mosaics yet laid down in Australia. In 1907, scenic artist Philip Goatcher for the Singer Sewing Machine Company decorated the ceiling of their premises on the east corner of the Collins Street entry to the arcade. The other shop to Collins Street, which housed the first Kodak shop in Melbourne contains an elaborate pressed metal ceiling. The facades to Collins and Elizabeth Street are designed in the Victorian Mannerist style with elaborate stucco decoration. Particular facade elements include; triangular and segmental pediments; rustication and an exaggerated cornice with brackets. Features of the upstairs office spaces include timber joinery around lift entries, tessellated tiles to the lobby spaces, elaborate leadlight windows and decorative plasterwork to arches in the corridors. There is also one surviving communal timber telephone box situated in a corridor.
How is it significant?
The Block Arcade is of architectural, aesthetic, social and historical importance to the State of Victoria.
Why is it significant?
The Block Arcade is of architectural and aesthetic importance as an excellent intact example of a shopping arcade. The design draws on early and influential European models and as such is important in its ability to demonstrate the essential and typical qualities of those designs and the continuity of the tradition of covered shopping streets. The Elizabeth and Collins Street facades are fine examples of the Mannerist style demonstrating many of the characteristic elements, such as a combination of triangular and segmental pediments and rustication. The Block Arcade is of architectural and aesthetic significance as it features lavish interior decoration, including an extraordinary mosaic tile floor. Based on the Milan Galleria Vittoria, it has a glass roof over the arcade with a glass dome at is corner. Its internal spaces, with their high quality finishes, have been maintained and the arcade remains a grand and prestigious retailing precinct. Attention to detail has also been carried through to the office spaces on the levels above the arcade.
The Block Arcade is of social and historical importance as the grandest and most fashionable amongst what became an extensive network of retail arcades that provided an alternative pedestrian route to Melbourne's major streets. Many of the arcades constructed in Melbourne before the turn of the century have not survived or have been altered considerably. The Block Arcade is important as an essential element in the social institution of doing The Block. This was a friendly expression referring to the stylish shopping trend of the late 19th century which involved starting in Collins Street at Swanston, then moving west to Elizabeth, north to Little Collins Street and back to Swanston. The Block was the place to be seen and those who frequented the popular thoroughfare, its shops and tea houses were often recorded by caricaturists in the city's social pages.
Source Victorian heritage database: vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/places/result_detail/730?print=true & vhd.heritage.vic.gov.au/vhd/heritagevic_new#detail_places...
Urban extents illustrate the shape and area of urbanized places. Urbanized localities are defined as places with with 5,000 or more inhabitants that are delineated by stable night-time lights. For poorly lit areas, alternate sources are used to estimate the extent of cities.
Urban extents illustrate the shape and area of urbanized places. Urbanized localities are defined as places with with 5,000 or more inhabitants that are delineated by stable night-time lights. For poorly lit areas, alternate sources are used to estimate the extent of cities.
Creator: Mark Gayn
Title: [Ferry across Saigon River]
Date: June, 1966
Extent: 1 photograph: black and white (20 x 25cm)
Notes: Photograph of the port of Saigon with passengers waiting to be ferried across the Saigon river.
Format: Photograph
Rights info: No known restrictions on access
Repository: Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada M5S 1A5, library.utoronto.ca/fisher
Part of: Ms Coll 215 (Mark Gayn Collection): Photographs Vietnam 1965-73
A cloud radar probes the extent and composition of clouds to determine cloud boundaries during the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) in south Florida. The 2002 field campaign was a joint experiment with NASA for the purpose of studying cirrus clouds generated by tropical convection. The ARM team performed most of its research for the campaign at the western ground site in Everglades City.
Terms of Use: Our images are freely and publicly available for use with the credit line, “Image courtesy of the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility.”
Image courtesy of Jim Mather and Connor Flynn.