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Dad was asked a lot of questions. It was a blast sharing information with the boys who listen to every word. One of the joys of being a parent.
Arthur Kinoy, a civil rights attorney and Rutgers University professor, is shown August 17, 1966 in Washington, D.C. explaining to journalists how he was ejected from a hearing of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) earlier in the day and arrested.
,
Kinoy was debating a legal issue with committee chair Rep. Joe Pool (D-TX) when he was seized by U.S. marshals and dragged choking and screaming from the hearing room and charged with disorderly conduct.
Attorneys for other witnesses denounced the arrest as “terror and intimidation” and walked out of the hearing creating a legal problem for the committee since witnesses were guaranteed legal counsel “of their own choice” and cannot be forced to testify in the absence of counsel.
A witness friendly to the committee, Phillip A. McCombs, assistant editor of the right-wing National Review, began testifying about pro-National Liberation Front figures in the anti-Vietnam War movement and mentioned the name of Walter Teague, an organizer of the U.S. Committee to Aid the National Liberation Front.
Kinoy and his law partner William Kunstler objected saying they were entitled to cross-examine the witness because the testimony would otherwise “defame” Teague.
Pool ruled against the objections, but Kinoy kept pressing the point and that’s when the marshals seized him.
Other attorneys denounced the “brutal,” “inexcusable,” “unprecedented” treatment of Kinoy.
Kinoy was found guilty August 19, 1966 and addressed the judge before sentencing “I make no plea for mercy. I have no regrets or remorse for what I have done. I would do it again and again and again.” Kinoy was fined $50.
It took two years and three court-proceedings, but Kinoy was exonerated by the U.S. Court of Appeals August 6, 1968. Over 1,000 lawyers had earlier submitted a friend-of-court brief on Kinoy’s behalf.
The Court ruled that Pool had violated the committee’s own rules by ordering the ejection on his own rather than obtaining concurrence from a majority of the committee.
The Court further held that the committee had not pursued a case against Kinoy at any stage for contempt and therefore it was “difficult to understand how or why an independent tribunal can lawfully proceed.”
The court noted that Kinoy had been charged under a statute that prohibits congregation and assembly and the “use of loud and boisterous talking.” However, the court said, “whatever groups may be included in the definition of unlawful assembly, a lawyer permitted to represent his clients at a hearing of a House subcommittee is not one of them.”
Arthur Kinoy biography:
Arthur Kinoy (September 29, 1920-September 19, 2003) was brought up in Brooklyn by Jewish immigrants. He graduated with honors from Harvard University in 1941 and served with the U.S. Army in North Africa and Italy where he was among the troops at Anzio that were nearly pushed back into the sea by German Nazi forces.
After the war, he graduated from Columbia University law school in 1947 where he was editor of its law review. He went to work for the United Electrical Workers (UE), a union that left the Congress of Industrial Organizations rather than be expelled as the Second Red Scare heated up.
Kinoy had a long career as a civil rights and civil liberties attorney from the early 1950s until shortly before his death in 2003.
He made the last legal appeal for Julius and Ethel Rosenberg in 1953. Kinoy lost and the Rosenberg’s were executed. He claimed he won the appeal legally, but was defeated by the judge’s cowardice.
He remembered that case in a 1982 interview, “We found some statutes that said even if a person were found guilty of espionage, capital punishment could not be applied unless the espionage was committed in a time of war. The judge, Jerome Frank, who was a liberal, a New Deal supporter, said, ‘I cannot go over the heads of my bosses.’ We were furious…And later we were listening to the car radio as the Rosenbergs were taken to the electric chair. This was just disastrous.”
He defended communists and others charged with advocating the overthrow of the U.S. government during the McCarthy era and represented clients before the HUAC and the Senate Internal Security Committee.
He became law partners with William Kunstler, another prominent defender of radical causes and civil rights.
Kinoy established an important legal principle in the struggle for Black civil rights when he persuaded a reluctant Virginia judge that plaintiffs could take civil rights complaints to federal court under laws passed after the U.S. Civil War.
He argued six cases before the U.S. Supreme Court, winning five.
These included a reversal of U.S. Rep. Adam Clayton Powell’s expulsion from Congress and a bar against U.S. President Richard Nixon from eavesdropping on antiwar activists for alleged national security reasons without a warrant.
In 1965 he successfully argued the case of Dombrowski v. Pfister before the Supreme Court establishing that federal district judges could stop enforcement of laws that had a “chilling effect” on free speech.
Perhaps his most famous case was that of the Chicago 7 where five of the defendants had been convicted for crossing state lines to incite a riot at the 1968 Democratic Convention. Kinoy won a reversal of the convictions on appeal.
He was a law professor at Rutgers from 1964-1991 and when he reached mandatory retirement age, his students waged a campaign to keep him on. When he was finally forced out Henry Furst, an attorney and former student, said “Over his 25 years he is the reason many students came to Rutgers—to study with him, it’s like killing Socrates.”
He was a co-founder of the Center for Constitutional Rights and his last case was a victory over New York City police on a racial profiling issue.
Kinoy, a man of small stature, was known for his aggressiveness in the courtroom.
He explained in a 1992 interview in the Progressive:
“When people are fighting back or fighting to extend their own immediate rights, we learned that when you took the offensive in the courtroom, you were saying, ‘We’re not running away!’ When people saw that you were challenging the conspiracy of the establishment against them and we said, ‘They’re going to be the defendants! They’re the ones who are violating the fundamental laws of the land.’ It had a morale effect. What mattered to the leaders was not whether we ultimately won, but whether it made the people fight harder and begin to demonstrate. That would have an effect upon the courts.”
Kinoy was active in attempting to establish a third party to challenge the establishment Democratic and Republic Parties and described himself as a “scientific socialist.” In 1983 he published a book on his life entitled Rights on Trial, The Odyssey of a People’s Lawyer.
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHsk72YVXD
The photographer is unknown. The image is an Associated Press photograph housed in the D.C. Library Washington Star Collection.
The Membranes performing at the Universe Explained at Gorilla, Manchester, on Saturday 20th July 2013
Digital camera sbap of Sacredness
www.flickr.com/photos/psychoactivartz/4536712083/sizes/l/
www.flickr.com/photos/psychoactivartz/4275957066/sizes/l/...
It is da dedication of its use to da pursuit of da Divine ......
.......which renders it a catalyst to worship
...............~~~~~~~~~
"Da inherent imagination and spiritual receptivity is definitely influenced by dis differential chemical endowment.".
"The Hôtel Biron is a jewel of Parisian rocaille architecture, with its park that covers nearly three hectares, adding to its immense attraction and explaining the museum’s very high attendance. In total, it welcomes over 700,000 visitors every year.
Late in 2005, the architect Pierre Louis Faloci finished the restoration of the chapel building, making possible the reopening of a temporary exhibition room.
Stretching over three hectares, the grounds are divided into a rose garden, north of the Hôtel Biron, and a large ornamental garden, to the south, while a terrace and hornbeam hedge backing onto a trellis concealed a relaxation area, at the bottom of the garden. Pierced by three openings, this trellis reflects the design and proportions of the three bay windows on the mansion’s garden façade. Two thematic walks were also laid out: in the east, plants thrive amidst the rockery in the “Garden of Orpheus”, and, in the west, water is omnipresent in the “Garden of Springs”.
Rodin started to place selected works in the overgrown garden that he liked so much in 1908, together with some of the antiques from his personal collection. Male and female torsos, copies made in the Roman or modern period, after Greek works, were presented in these natural surroundings, their contours dappled by the sunlight: “Nature and Antiquity are the two great sources of life for an artist. In any event, Antiquity implies nature. It is its truth and its smile.” (Rodin)
The first bronzes were erected in the gardens before World War I. Since 1993, they have been regularly cleaned and treated so as to preserve their original patinas."
"The Musée Rodin in Paris, France, is a museum that was opened in 1919, dedicated to the works of the French sculptor Auguste Rodin. It has two sites: the Hôtel Biron and surrounding grounds in central Paris and just outside Paris at Rodin's old home, the Villa des Brillants at Meudon (Hauts-de-Seine). The collection includes 6,600 sculptures, 8,000 drawings, 8,000 old photographs, and 7,000 objets d’art. The museum receives 700,000 visitors annually.
While living in the Villa des Brillants, Rodin used the Hôtel Biron as his workshop from 1908 and subsequently donated his entire collection of sculptures (along with paintings by Vincent van Gogh and Pierre-Auguste Renoir that he had acquired) to the French State on the condition that they turn the buildings into a museum dedicated to his works.
The Musée Rodin contains most of Rodin's significant creations, including The Thinker, The Kiss, and The Gates of Hell. Many of his sculptures are displayed in the museum's extensive garden. The museum is one of the most accessible museums in Paris. It is located near a Metro stop, Varenne, in a central neighborhood, and the entrance fee is very reasonable. The gardens around the museum building contain many of the famous sculptures in natural settings. Behind the museum building are a small lake and casual restaurant.
Additionally, the Metro stop, Varenne, features some of Rodin's sculptures on the platform. The building is served by Métro (line 13: Varenne or Invalides), RER (line C: Invalides), and bus (69, 82, 87, 92).
The museum has also a room dedicated to the works of Camille Claudel. Some paintings by Monet, Renoir, and Van Gogh that were in Rodin's personal collections are also presented. The Musée Rodin collections are very diverse, as Rodin used to collect besides being an artist."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musée_Rodin
.....
Explain differentiation This third module of the Teaching series we investigate the planning and design of classes. Professor Eamon Murphy of the Department of Social Sciences at Curtin University devotes an entire chapter of Lecturing at University (1998) to emphasise his view that careful planning is the most important aspect of lecturing.
Explainer: While I wish I could fully dress, wig-up and make-up regularly, those days are rare. So I post these AI renderings. FYI: the photos are AI generated, from actual photos of me, enhanced slightly with FaceApp and then dressed from outfits I see and love on the interweb. Enjoy them or not! I do, that's all that matters! Love, Crystal
Finally, I'm back. The norovirus got me. Despite a gorgeous sunny weekend, I was no good to anyone...and no where near the camera. :(
But, now that we're on the mend, Phoebe thought she should explain exactly why she needs to use lip balm. (Yep, she's three, and she likes lip balm.) Is this normal?
Normal or not, I'm glad I've documented it!
Happy Sunday...and good health to all!
...Cry to hear folks chatter
And I know you cheat...
...Right or wrong, don't matter
When you're with me, sweet...
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Press L to view this as it should.
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*All Rights Reserved
All works are protected by copyright, and are not to used for any purpose unless direct prior written consent has been given by me.
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The Postcard
A postcard that was published by the Stecher Lithographic Co. of Rochester, New York. There is no reference on the card to explain the presence of what look like very large aerials behind the houses in the drawing.
The card was posted in Lowell, Massachusetts on Friday the 27th. August 1920 to:
Mrs. V. E. Williams,
Madison,
Maine.
Lock Box 1184.
The message on the divided back of the card was as follows:
"Dear Sister,
How are you today?
We are fine, and having
some great weather, why
don't you come down!
Love and best wishes
to all.
Sister Idris".
Sociedad Radio Argentina
So what else happened on the day that Idris posted the card to her sister?
Well, on the 27th. August 1920, the first radio broadcast from what one source describes as "The oldest radio station in the world" began at 9:00 in the evening.
The Sociedad Radio Argentina aired a live performance of Richard Wagner's opera Parsifal from the Teatro Coliseo in Buenos Aires. Only about 20 homes in the broadcast area had radios at the time.
A Guatemalan Election
Also on the 27th. August 1920, four days of voting began in Guatemala for a new president, and Carlos Herrera, the acting president since April, was approved for a six-year term.
However, Herrera served only 15 months before being overthrown in a coup d'état.
The Jailing of Cork Mayor MacSwiney
Also on that day, Irish-American longshoremen in New York City, and many of their co-workers, showed their disagreement with the jailing of Cork Mayor Terence MacSwiney by refusing to work on freight ships that were coming from or going to Great Britain.
Terence James MacSwiney (28th. March 1879 – 25th. October 1920) was an Irish playwright, author and politician. He was elected as Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork during the Irish War of Independence in 1920.
He was arrested by the British Government on charges of sedition, and imprisoned in Brixton Prison. His death there in October 1920 after 74 days on hunger strike brought him and the Irish Republican campaign to international attention.
Terence MacSwiney - The Early Years
Born at 23, North Main Street, Cork, Ireland, MacSwiney was one of eight children. His father, John MacSwiney, had volunteered in 1868 to fight as a papal guard against Garibaldi. John became a schoolteacher in London, and later opened a tobacco factory in Cork.
Following the failure of this business, John MacSwiney emigrated to Australia in 1885, leaving Terence and the other children in the care of their mother and his eldest daughter.
MacSwiney's mother, Mary Wilkinson, was an English Catholic with strong Irish nationalist opinions. Terence was educated at the North Monastery school in Cork city, but left at fifteen to help support the family.
Terence became an accountancy clerk, but continued his studies and matriculated successfully. He continued in full-time employment while he studied at the Royal University (now University College Cork), graduating with a degree in Mental and Moral Science in 1907.
In 1908 he founded the Cork Dramatic Society with Daniel Corkery, and wrote a number of plays for them. His first play 'The Last Warriors of Coole' was produced in 1910. His fifth play 'The Revolutionist' (1915) took the political stand made by a single man as its theme.
In addition to his work as a playwright, Terence also wrote pamphlets on Irish history.
Terence MacSwiney's Political Activity
MacSwiney's writings in the newspaper 'Irish Freedom' brought him to the attention of the Irish Republican Brotherhood. He was one of the founders of the Cork Brigade of the Irish Volunteers in 1913, and was President of the Cork branch of Sinn Féin.
He founded a newspaper, 'Fianna Fáil', in 1914, but it was suppressed after only 11 issues. In April 1916, he was intended to be second in command of the Easter Rising in Cork and Kerry, but stood his forces down on the order of Eoin MacNeill.
Following the rising, he was imprisoned by the British Government under the Defence of the Realm Act in Reading and Wakefield Gaols until December 1916. In February 1917 he was deported from Ireland and imprisoned in Shrewsbury and Bromyard internment camps until his release in June 1917.
It was during his exile in Bromyard that he married Muriel Murphy of the Cork distillery-owning family. In November 1917, he was arrested in Cork for wearing an Irish Republican Army uniform, and, inspired by the example of Thomas Ashe, went on a hunger strike for three days prior to his release.
In the 1918 general election, MacSwiney was returned unopposed to the first Dáil Éireann as Sinn Féin representative for Mid Cork.
After the murder of his friend Tomás MacCurtain, who was the Lord Mayor of Cork, on the 20th. March 1920, MacSwiney was elected as Lord Mayor in his place.
On the 12th. August 1920, Terence was arrested in Cork for possession of “seditious articles and documents", and also for possession of a cipher key. He was summarily tried by a court on the 16th. August and sentenced to two years' imprisonment at Brixton Prison in South London, England.
Terence MacSwiney's Hunger Strike and Death
In prison Terence immediately started a hunger strike in protest at his internment and the fact that he was tried by a military court. Eleven other Irish Republican prisoners in Cork Jail went on hunger strike at the same time.
On the 26th. August, the British Government stated that:
"The release of the Lord Mayor would have
disastrous results in Ireland, and would
probably lead to a mutiny of both military
and police in the south of Ireland."
MacSwiney's hunger strike gained world attention. The British Government was threatened with a boycott of British goods by Americans, while four countries in South America appealed for the Pope to intervene.
Protests were held in Germany and France as well. An Australian politician, Hugh Mahon, was expelled from the Australian parliament for "seditious and disloyal utterances at a public meeting", after protesting against the actions of the British Government.
Food was often placed near Terence to persuade him to give up the hunger-strike. Attempts at force-feeding MacSwiney were undertaken in the final days of his strike, however to no avail.
On the 20th. October 1920 Terence fell into a coma, and died five days later after 74 days on hunger strike. He was 41 years of age when he died. His body lay in St. George's Cathedral, Southwark in London where 30,000 people filed past it.
Fearing large-scale demonstrations in Dublin, the authorities diverted his coffin directly to Cork, and his funeral in the Cathedral of St. Mary and St Anne on the 31st. October attracted huge crowds.
MacSwiney is buried in the Republican plot in Saint Finbarr's Cemetery in Cork. Arthur Griffith delivered the graveside oration.
Bobby Sands
Sixty years later, another Irish Republican died following a hunger strike.
Robert Gerard Sands (9th. March 1954 - 5th. May 1981) was a member of the Provisional Irish Republican Army who died on hunger strike while imprisoned at HM Maze Prison in Northern Ireland.
Sands helped to plan the 1976 bombing of the Balmoral Furniture Company in Dunmurry, which was followed by a gun battle with the Royal Ulster Constabulary. Sands was arrested while trying to escape, and sentenced to 14 years for firearms possession.
He was the leader of the 1981 hunger strike in which Irish republican prisoners protested against the removal of Special Category Status. During Sands' strike, he was elected to the British Parliament as an Anti H-Block candidate.
Bobby's death at Maze Prison in Northern Ireland at the age of 27, and those of nine other hunger strikers, was followed by a new surge in IRA recruitment and activity. International media coverage brought attention to the hunger strikers, and the republican movement in general, attracting both praise and criticism.
It is some years, maybe 5 or more, since we last visited the cathedral in Canterbury. In the spring, I found the entrance to St Augustine's Abbey, so the plan yesterday was to visit them both.
I arrived just after ten, soon after it opened its doors, and was shocked to find that the multi-entry you used to get after paying your entrance fee had been discontinued. When I tried to ask the young man at the ticket office, he wasn't really able to speak much English to explain this to me, repeatedly holding one finger up at me as I asked the questions. £10.50, is not bad, I guess, especially as photography is allowed everywhere, except in the crypt, so I don't mind paying.
The site has been a place of worship probably since Roman times, and in the grounds of St Augustine's, just a short distance away, remains of a 7th century church still remain. What we see now in the cathedral is largely Norman, but with many improvements over the centuries.
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Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England and forms part of a World Heritage Site. It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury, leader of the Church of England and symbolic leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion; the archbishop, being suitably occupied with national and international matters, delegates the most of his functions as diocesan bishop to the Bishop suffragan of Dover. Its formal title is the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Christ at Canterbury.
Founded in 597, the cathedral was completely rebuilt from 1070 to 1077. The east end was greatly enlarged at the beginning of the twelfth century, and largely rebuilt in the Gothic style following a fire in 1174, with significant eastward extensions to accommodate the flow of pilgrims visiting the shrine of Thomas Becket, the archbishop who was murdered in the cathedral in 1170. The Norman nave and transepts survived until the late fourteenth century, when they were demolished to make way for the present structures.
Christianity had started to become powerful in the Roman Empire around the third century. Following the conversion of Augustine of Hippo in the 4th century, the influence of Christianity grew steadily .[2] The cathedral's first archbishop was Augustine of Canterbury, previously abbot of St. Andrew's Benedictine Abbey in Rome. He was sent by Pope Gregory the Great in 596 as a missionary to the Anglo-Saxons. Augustine founded the cathedral in 597 and dedicated it to Jesus Christ, the Holy Saviour.[3]
Augustine also founded the Abbey of St. Peter and Paul outside the city walls. This was later rededicated to St. Augustine himself and was for many centuries the burial place of the successive archbishops. The abbey is part of the World Heritage Site of Canterbury, along with the cathedral and the ancient Church of St Martin.
Bede recorded that Augustine reused a former Roman church. The oldest remains found during excavations beneath the present nave in 1993 were, however, parts of the foundations of an Anglo-Saxon building, which had been constructed across a Roman road.[5][6] They indicate that the original church consisted of a nave, possibly with a narthex, and side-chapels to the north and south. A smaller subsidiary building was found to the south-west of these foundations.[6] During the ninth or tenth century this church was replaced by a larger structure (49 m. by 23 m.) with a squared west end. It appears to have had a square central tower.[6] The eleventh century chronicler Eadmer, who had known the Saxon cathedral as a boy, wrote that, in its arrangement, it resembled St Peter's in Rome, indicating that it was of basilican form, with an eastern apse.[7]
During the reforms of Dunstan, archbishop from 960 until his death in 988,[8] a Benedictine abbey named Christ Church Priory was added to the cathedral. But the formal establishment as a monastery seems to date only to c.997 and the community only became fully monastic from Lanfranc's time onwards (with monastic constitutions addressed by him to prior Henry). Dunstan was buried on the south side of the high altar.
The cathedral was badly damaged during Danish raids on Canterbury in 1011. The Archbishop, Alphege, was taken hostage by the raiders and eventually killed at Greenwich on 19 April 1012, the first of Canterbury's five martyred archbishops. After this a western apse was added as an oratory of St. Mary, probably during the archbishopric of Lyfing (1013–1020) or Aethelnoth (1020–1038).
The 1993 excavations revealed that the new western apse was polygonal, and flanked by hexagonal towers, forming a westwork. It housed the archbishop's throne, with the altar of St Mary just to the east. At about the same time that the westwork was built, the arcade walls were strengthened and towers added to the eastern corners of the church.
The cathedral was destroyed by fire in 1067, a year after the Norman Conquest. Rebuilding began in 1070 under the first Norman archbishop, Lanfranc (1070–77). He cleared the ruins and reconstructed the cathedral to a design based closely on that of the Abbey of St. Etienne in Caen, where he had previously been abbot, using stone brought from France.[9] The new church, its central axis about 5m south of that of its predecessor,[6] was a cruciform building, with an aisled nave of nine bays, a pair of towers at the west end, aiseless transepts with apsidal chapels, a low crossing tower, and a short choir ending in three apses. It was dedicated in 1077.[10]
The Norman cathedral, after its expansion by Ernulf and Conrad.
Under Lanfranc's successor Anselm, who was twice exiled from England, the responsibility for the rebuilding or improvement of the cathedral's fabric was largely left in the hands of the priors.[11] Following the election of Prior Ernulf in 1096, Lanfranc's inadequate east end was demolished, and replaced with an eastern arm 198 feet long, doubling the length of the cathedral. It was raised above a large and elaborately decorated crypt. Ernulf was succeeded in 1107 by Conrad, who completed the work by 1126.[12] The new choir took the form of a complete church in itself, with its own transepts; the east end was semicircular in plan, with three chapels opening off an ambulatory.[12] A free standing campanile was built on a mound in the cathedral precinct in about 1160.[13]
As with many Romanesque church buildings, the interior of the choir was richly embellished.[14] William of Malmesbury wrote: "Nothing like it could be seen in England either for the light of its glass windows, the gleaming of its marble pavements, or the many-coloured paintings which led the eyes to the panelled ceiling above."[14]
Though named after the sixth century founding archbishop, The Chair of St. Augustine, the ceremonial enthronement chair of the Archbishop of Canterbury, may date from the Norman period. Its first recorded use is in 1205.
Martyrdom of Thomas Becket
Image of Thomas Becket from a stained glass window
The 12th-century choir
A pivotal moment in the history of the cathedral was the murder of the archbishop, Thomas Becket, in the north-west transept (also known as the Martyrdom) on Tuesday, 29 December 1170, by knights of King Henry II. The king had frequent conflicts with the strong-willed Becket and is said to have exclaimed in frustration, "Who will rid me of this turbulent priest?" The knights took it literally and murdered Becket in his own cathedral. Becket was the second of four Archbishops of Canterbury who were murdered (see also Alphege).
The posthumous veneration of Becket made the cathedral a place of pilgrimage. This brought both the need to expand the cathedral and the wealth that made it possible.
Rebuilding of the choir
Tomb of the Black Prince
In September 1174 the choir was severely damaged by fire, necessitating a major reconstruction,[15] the progress of which was recorded in detail by a monk named Gervase.[16] The crypt survived the fire intact,[17] and it was found possible to retain the outer walls of the choir, which were increased in height by 12 feet (3.7 m) in the course of the rebuilding, but with the round-headed form of their windows left unchanged.[18] Everything else was replaced in the new Gothic style, with pointed arches, rib vaulting and flying buttresses. The limestone used was imported from Caen in Normandy, and Purbeck marble was used for the shafting. The choir was back in use by 1180 and in that year the remains of St Dunstan and St Alphege were moved there from the crypt.[19]
The master-mason appointed to rebuild the choir was a Frenchman, William of Sens. Following his injury in a fall from the scaffolding in 1179 he was replaced by one of his former assistants, known as "William the Englishman".
The shrine in the Trinity Chapel was placed directly above Becket's original tomb in the crypt. A marble plinth, raised on columns, supported what an early visitor, Walter of Coventry, described as "a coffin wonderfully wrought of gold and silver, and marvellously adorned with precious gems".[22] Other accounts make clear that the gold was laid over a wooden chest, which in turn contained an iron-bound box holding Becket's remains.[23] Further votive treasures were added to the adornments of the chest over the years, while others were placed on pedestals or beams nearby, or attached to hanging drapery.[24] For much of the time the chest (or "ferotory") was kept concealed by a wooden cover, which would be theatrically raised by ropes once a crowd of pilgrims had gathered.[21][23] Erasmus, who visited in 1512–4, recorded that, once the cover was raised, "the Prior ... pointed out each jewel, telling its name in French, its value, and the name of its donor; for the principal of them were offerings sent by sovereign princes."[25]
The income from pilgrims (such as those portrayed in Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales) who visited Becket's shrine, which was regarded as a place of healing, largely paid for the subsequent rebuilding of the cathedral and its associated buildings. This revenue included the profits from the sale of pilgrim badges depicting Becket, his martyrdom, or his shrine.
The shrine was removed in 1538. Henry VIII summoned the dead saint to court to face charges of treason. Having failed to appear, he was found guilty in his absence and the treasures of his shrine were confiscated, carried away in two coffers and twenty-six carts.
Monastic buildings
Cloisters
A bird's-eye view of the cathedral and its monastic buildings, made in about 1165[27] and known as the "waterworks plan" is preserved in the Eadwine Psalter in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge.[28] It shows that Canterbury employed the same general principles of arrangement common to all Benedictine monasteries, although, unusually, the cloister and monastic buildings were to the north, rather than the south of the church. There was a separate chapter-house.[27]
The buildings formed separate groups around the church. Adjoining it, on the north side, stood the cloister and the buildings devoted to the monastic life. To the east and west of these were those devoted to the exercise of hospitality. To the north a large open court divided the monastic buildings from menial ones, such as the stables, granaries, barn, bakehouse, brew house and laundries, inhabited by the lay servants of the establishment. At the greatest possible distance from the church, beyond the precinct of the monastery, was the eleemosynary department. The almonry for the relief of the poor, with a great hall annexed, formed the paupers' hospitium.
The group of buildings devoted to monastic life included two cloisters. The great cloister was surrounded by the buildings essentially connected with the daily life of the monks,-- the church to the south, with the refectory placed as always on the side opposite, the dormitory, raised on a vaulted undercroft, and the chapter-house adjacent, and the lodgings of the cellarer, responsible for providing both monks and guests with food, to the west. A passage under the dormitory lead eastwards to the smaller or infirmary cloister, appropriated to sick and infirm monks.[27]
The hall and chapel of the infirmary extended east of this cloister, resembling in form and arrangement the nave and chancel of an aisled church. Beneath the dormitory, overlooking the green court or herbarium, lay the "pisalis" or "calefactory," the common room of the monks. At its north-east corner access was given from the dormitory to the necessarium, a building in the form of a Norman hall, 145 ft (44 m) long by 25 broad (44.2 m × 7.6 m), containing fifty-five seats. It was constructed with careful regard to hygiene, with a stream of water running through it from end to end.[27]
A second smaller dormitory for the conventual officers ran from east to west. Close to the refectory, but outside the cloisters, were the domestic offices connected with it: to the north, the kitchen, 47 ft (14 m) square (200 m2), with a pyramidal roof, and the kitchen court; to the west, the butteries, pantries, etc. The infirmary had a small kitchen of its own. Opposite the refectory door in the cloister were two lavatories, where the monks washed before and after eating.
[27]
Priors of Christ Church Priory included John of Sittingbourne (elected 1222, previously a monk of the priory) and William Chillenden, (elected 1264, previously monk and treasurer of the priory).[29] The monastery was granted the right to elect their own prior if the seat was vacant by the pope, and — from Gregory IX onwards — the right to a free election (though with the archbishop overseeing their choice). Monks of the priory have included Æthelric I, Æthelric II, Walter d'Eynsham, Reginald fitz Jocelin (admitted as a confrater shortly before his death), Nigel de Longchamps and Ernulf. The monks often put forward candidates for Archbishop of Canterbury, either from among their number or outside, since the archbishop was nominally their abbot, but this could lead to clashes with the king and/or pope should they put forward a different man — examples are the elections of Baldwin of Forde and Thomas Cobham.
Early in the fourteenth century, Prior Eastry erected a stone choir screen and rebuilt the chapter house, and his successor, Prior Oxenden inserted a large five-light window into St Anselm's chapel. [30]
The cathedral was seriously damaged by an earthquake of 1382, losing its bells and campanile.
From the late fourteenth century the nave and transepts were rebuilt, on the Norman foundations in the Perpendicular style under the direction of the noted master mason Henry Yevele.[31] In contrast to the contemporary rebuilding of the nave at Winchester, where much of the existing fabric was retained and remodelled, the piers were entirely removed, and replaced with less bulky Gothic ones, and the old aisle walls completely taken down except for a low "plinth" left on the south side. [32][6] More Norman fabric was retained in the transepts, especially in the east walls,[32] and the old apsidal chapels were not replaced until the mid-15th century.[30] The arches of the new nave arcade were exceptionally high in proportion to the clerestory.[30] The new transepts, aisles and nave were roofed with lierne vaults, enriched with bosses. Most of the work was done during the priorate of Thomas Chillenden (1391–1411): Chillenden also built a new choir screen at the east end of the nave, into which Eastry's existing screen was incorporated.[30] The Norman stone floor of the nave, however survived until its replacement in 1786.
From 1396 the cloisters were repaired and remodelled by Yevele's pupil Stephen Lote who added the lierne vaulting. It was during this period that the wagon-vaulting of the chapter house was created.
A shortage of money, and the priority given to the rebuilding of the cloisters and chapter-house meant that the rebuilding of the west towers was neglected. The south-west tower was not replaced until 1458, and the Norman north-west tower survived until 1834, when it was replaced by a replica of its Perpendicular companion.[30]
In about 1430 the south transept apse was removed to make way for a chapel, founded by Lady Margaret Holland and dedicated to St Michael and All Angels. The north transept apse was replaced by a Lady Chapel, built in 1448–55.[30]
The 235-foot crossing tower was begun in 1433, although preparations had already been made during Chillenden's priorate, when the piers had been reinforced. Further strengthening was found necessary around the beginning of the sixteenth century, when buttressing arches were added under the southern and western tower arches. The tower is often known as the "Angel Steeple", after a gilded angel that once stood on one of its pinnacles.
Decided to post in full resolution for your enjoyment and readability purposes...
Oh and look carefully - there are three artifacts in this photo!
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Enjoy this picture of the Insitu ScanEagle UAV. This one helped rescue Captain Phillips in 2009 from Somali pirates by providing from the USS Bainbridge real-time aerial footage of the lifeboat Captain Phillips was kept hostage in.
Decided to post this drone picture on 18 February because the day before, the Washington State House passed drone regulation legislation. If my State Senate passes EHB 2789, the drone industry will dramatically expand in a safe, thoughtful way.
One might like the Insitu website on this fine UAV.
Can't explain...
Anything...
Not even how im feeling...
My emotions are so messed up lately...
Im not myself, But sometimes im more than myself.
I don't sleep.
Im just not me, Then who am i?
I act stuck up and mean, But thats not me.
Whats gotten into me...
I need to find myself, But i can't.
I push everyone close to me away...
I need them more than ever rightnow.
sometimes i feel like my heart
is beating extremlyy fast like im having
a heart attack, almost like im dying,
i've been told these are panic attacks
bah i get them most frequently grr
Random Fact: that peace sign headband i wear that almost everyday. :)
At the whiteboard, Lieutenant Hocine Fenane gives instructions and explains the steps of a reconnaissance dive. The goal? Visit a shipwrecked British frigate that was sunk during WWII.
With a budget of 1.5 million euros as part of the P3A Support Programme for the implementation of the Association Agreement between Algeria and the European Union, Algeria, France, and Spain have instituted an institutional partnership to “assist in strengthening Algerian civil defence capabilities”. This partnership, which began in January 2017, covers activities for a period of two years.
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Au tableau, le lieutenant Hocine Fenane donne les instructions et présente le déroulé d’une plongée de reconnaissance. Objectif : visiter l’épave d’une frégate britannique coulée durant la seconde guerre mondiale.
Grâce à un budget de 1,5 million d’euros dans le cadre du Programme d’Appui à la mise en œuvre de l’Accord d’Association (P3A) entre l’Algérie et l’Union européenne, l’Algérie, la France et l’Espagne ont mis en œuvre un jumelage institutionnel pour « l’Appui au renforcement des capacités de la Protection civile algérienne ». Ce jumelage, lancé en janvier 2017 couvre des activités sur une durée de deux ans.
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يقف الرّائد حسين فنان أمام السّبورة لتقديم التّعليمات واستعراض مراحل عمليّة الغوص الاستكشافي التي تهدف إلى زيارة حطام فرقاطة بريطانيّة غرقت خلال الحرب العالميّة الثانية.
أنجزت كلّ من الجزائر وفرنسا واسبانيا مشروع توأمة مؤسّساتيّة "لدعم قدرات الحماية المدنيّة الجزائريّة" بميزانيّة تساوي 1,5 مليون يورو تمّ رصدها من خلال برنامج دعم تنفيذ اتّفاقيّة الشراكة (P3A) بين الجزائر و الاتحاد الأوروبي وقد انطلق المشروع في شهر جانفي/يناير 2017 و هو يشمل أنشطة تستمرّ على امتداد سنتين.
Let me explain what's happening. Here is a bride in Lahore. She has been through the Mehndi the night before and today is the wedding day. She has spent some hours at the beauty parlor but more tiring was the professional photo shoot. Nevertheless she consents to a few 'natural shots' by a close relative after the photographer leaves.
I hadn't been able to take out the M4 and 35mm Nikkor in awhile, so brought it with me on several occasions. Was trying to focus on the pictures in my mind rather than what was in front of me, basically to construct things differently. I had seen a number of flickeranians who really impressed me with their work where I could feel what they were doing, from images in Los Angeles to the tri-state area to South East Asia. I keep trying and thank those who keep inspiring!
Pres. O. wants war in Syria and says he can wage war with who he wants, but says congress can vote on it if they like. The nobel peace prize war hawk does not car what the US Congress, Russia, or the UN thinks, he is dictator.
Alex Jones explains the Syria war KiskiPlanter 2013. LISTEN TO THIS!
www.youtube.com/watch?v=IObkolEBJYY
Adam Kinzinger: Wants War War War!
(Trying to stop more war: KiskiPlanter-News September 3, 2013)
Rep. Alan grayson: Some good questions on war in Syria. Seems to be a no vote.
(KiskiPlanter-News September 3, 2013)
Rep. Tom Cotton, R,Arkanas. War War War. Weary of people being war weary. Wants war now.
(KiskiPlanter-News September 3, 2013)
Jaun Vargus. D, California: asks:"Are you being truthful because I because I need you to promise your not lying because people are afraid of anther Iraq". Will likely vote yes since Obama's people said they are telling truth.Vargus is dumbest questioner I saw.
(KiskiPlanter-News September 3, 2013)
Rep George Holding: Can we be hurt by retaliation? Can Russia hurt us and is Russia a superpower. Sec of State John Kerry responds that Russia will not get involved.
(KiskiPlanter-News September 3, 2013)
Brad Schneider D, Illinois. Confused questions. Asks will Russia get involved. Sec of State John Kerry responds No. At one point Kerry says it’s safe.
(KiskiPlanter-News September 3, 2013)
Randy Weber R. Texas: Says intervention is bad option. Millions to a billion $ per day cost. Asks for guarantee of peace, Sec of State John Kerry responds no guarantee of peace
(KiskiPlanter-News September 3, 2013)
Rep. Ami Bera: Thanks obama for graciously letting congress vote before taking war action. Similar clueless questions like Rep. Castro asked.
(KiskiPlanter-News September 3, 2013)
Scott Perry R, PA. Asks if Pres. Obama will listen to a no vote to start a war in Syria. Sec of State John Kerry responds Obama will make war regardless of congress.
(KiskiPlanter-News September 3, 2013)
Tulsi Gabbard.D, Hawiie Former Military medical. Says Obama's path has unclear objective, that does not make sense. Looks like a no vote. Thank you.
(KiskiPlanter-News September 3, 2013)
Ron Desantis. Asks if this strike will scare Assade, what is replacement. Sec of State John Kerry responds Assade is secular; we need rebels that support minority groups.
(KiskiPlanter-News September 3, 2013)
Rep. Castro, is open to Missile strike. Basically asks Sec of State John Kerry for pre made answers to repeat to his electors. Not a statesmen, just place holder that will vote to war with a total stranger he knows nothing about.
(KiskiPlanter-News September 3, 2013)
Luke Messer: Thanks Obama for graciously including the congress in deciding. yes to war, based on the liar Sec of State John Kerry. Nothing to say but blaw blaw.
(KiskiPlanter-News September 3, 2013)
Rep Doug Collins R. Georgia.Rep Doug Collins R. Georgia. Asks some "take up time" type questions.
(KiskiPlanter-News September 3, 2013).
Rep. Ted Yoho, R. Flordia: Some good questions on war in Syria. Seems to be a no vote.Thank you!
(KiskiPlanter-News September 3, 2013)
Explaining about the model you have made.
On my first visit, the morning was spent with a lady asking me various questions on how happy I was, what did l like playing with and several other similar matters.
A legend supposed to explain the origin of this pilgrimage has given rise to controversies between critical and traditional schools, especially in recent times. A vehicle by which the legend was disseminated and pilgrims drawn to the site was The Miracles of Our Lady of Rocamadour, written ca. 1172, an example of the miracula, or books of collected miracles, which had such a wide audience in the Middle Ages.
According to the founding legend, Rocamadour is named after the founder of the ancient sanctuary, Saint Amator, identified with the Biblical Zacheus, the tax collector of Jericho mentioned in Luke 19:1-10, and the husband of St. Veronica, who wiped Jesus' face on the way to Calvary. Driven out of Palestine by persecution, St. Amadour and Veronica embarked in a frail skiff and, guided by an angel, landed on the coast of Aquitaine, where they met Bishop St. Martial, another disciple of Christ who was preaching the Gospel in the south-west of Gaul.
After journeying to Rome, where he witnessed the martyrdoms of St. Peter and St. Paul, Amadour, having returned to France, on the death of his spouse, withdrew to a wild spot in Quercy where he built a chapel in honour of the Blessed Virgin, near which he died a little later.
This account, like most other similar legends, does not make its first appearance till long after the age in which the chief actors are deemed to have lived.
The name of Amadour occurs in no document previous to the compilation of his Acts, which on careful examination and on an application of the rules of the cursus to the text cannot be judged older than the 12th century. It is now well established that Saint Martial, Amadour's contemporary in the legend, lived in the 3rd not the 1st century, and Rome has never included him among the members of the Apostolic College.
The mention, therefore, of St. Martial in the Acts of St. Amadour would alone suffice, even if other proof were wanting, to prove them doubtful. The untrustworthiness of the legend has led some recent authors to suggest that Amadour was an unknown hermit or possibly St. Amator, Bishop of Auxerre, but this is mere hypothesis, without any historical basis.
The origin of the sanctuary of Rocamadour, lost in antiquity, is thus set down along with fabulous traditions which cannot bear up to sound criticism. After the religious manifestations of the Middle Ages, Rocamadour, as a result of war and the French Revolution, had become almost deserted. In the mid-nineteenth century, owing to the zeal and activity of the bishops of Cahors, it seems to have revived, and pilgrims and tourists are beginning to crowd there again.
Members of the American High School Theatre Festival presenting excerpts of their show "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" on and around one of the Virgin Money free stages on The Mile
For those interested, this is our rain barrel system. We took video to explain it, haven't gotten around to editing it yet.
We have 7-55 gallon barrels all hooked together. They fill at the same time and drain together. We have one spigot to fill watering cans and a pump with another spigot for use with the hose or sprinkler.
There's an overflow as well, they're all hooked together and overflow into the downspout if they're full. We have a clear tube at the end so we can see how much water we have. The system is also easily expandable if we want to add more barrels, we think we can fit 7-10 more across the back of the garage.
One of the best things about this system is the cost. We only spent about $120 for the entire system (including deck). The deck was built with lumber we removed from the deck on our house, we wanted a smaller sized deck on the house. The barrels are food grade plastic barrels and cost us only $10 each (you want to make sure you don't get barrels that had chemicals in them). We spent about $50 on other materials, posts, PVC (we also had some of that sitting around that we used up).
Mia explains why it is so much fun to be in Ms. Cephus' class. "She is always funny, but you learn a lot!"