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I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the outcast.
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
Allah’s peace be upon Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), the glorious Prophet of Islam, and on his Companions and his followers.
TASAWWUF
"There is no doubt that Tasawwuf is an important branch of Islam. The word itself may have been derived form the Arabic word "Soof" (Wool) or from "Safa" (cleanliness), but its foundation lies in one’s personal sincerity in seeking Allah’s nearness and trying to live a life pleasing to Him. Study of the Quran, the Hadith, and the practical life of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and his faithful Companions provide unmistakable support to this reality." (Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A)
SUFISM, AN ESSENTIAL PART OF ISLAM
Doubts exist not only in the minds of the Muslim faithful but also among the Ulema, notably the exoteric about Tasawwuf and its votaries. Often they lead to misunderstanding, as if Shariah and Tariqah were two separate entries, or that Tasawwuf was some obscure discipline foreign to Islam, or that it was altogether above the established laws and injunctions of our Religion. To help remove these misgivings and to reassure seekers, as well as scholars, our Sheikh Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), Sheikh Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia, wrote Al-Jamal Wal Kamal, Aqaid-O-Kamalaat Ulmai-e-Deoband, Binat-e-Rasool (S.A.W), Daamad-e-Ali (R.A), Dalael-us-Salook, Ejaad-e-Mazhab Shia, Hayat-un-Nabi (S.A.W), Hayat Barzakhia, Ilm-o-Irfan, Niffaz-e-Shariat Aur Fiqah-e-Jaferia, Saif-e-Owaisi, Shikast-e-Ahdai Hussain and Tahkeek Halal Haram books.
BIOGRAPHY
Sheikh Allah Yar Khan was born in Chakrala, a remote village of Mianwali District of Pakistan, in 1904. He completed his religious education in 1934. The very year, he met Shaykh Abdul Rahim, who took him to the shrine of Shaykh Allah Deen Madni. By Divine Will his spiritual connection was right away established with the saint of the 10th century Hijra (sixteenth century) and he started receiving spiritual beneficence. His sublime education in Sufism, signifying progressive spiritual growth and advancement, continued for about twenty-five years. In 1962 he was directed to carry out the propagation of Prophetic blessings - a noble mission that he accomplished with singular enthusiasm and devotion for a period spanning half a century. Anybody who visited him was duly rewarded with a share of spiritual bliss as per his/her sincerity and capacity. Shaykh Allah Yar Khan's mission produced men and women of deep spiritual vision and distinction.
Although Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A) have lived a major portion of his life as a scholar, with the avowed mission of illuminating the truth of Islam and the negation of fallacious sects, and this would appear quite removed from Tasawwuf, yet the only practical difference between the two, namely the use of the former as a media to expound the truth, and the latter to imbue people with positive faith. Nevertheless, people are amazed that a man, who until the other day, was known as a dialectician and a preacher of Islam, is not only talking of Mystic Path, but is also claiming spiritual bonds with the veteran Sufi Masters of the Past. This amazement is obviously out of place in the view of Quranic injunction: This is the bounty of Allah which He gives to whom He wills. (62:4)
THE PURIFICATION OF THE SOUL
The purification of the soul always formed part of the main mission of the Prophets; that is, the dissemination and propagation of the Devine Message. This responsibility later fell directly on the shoulders of the true Ulema in the Ummah of the last Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), who, as his genuine successors, have continued to shed brave light in every Dark Age of materialism and sacrilege. In the present age of ruinous confusion, the importance of this responsibility has increased manifold; of the utter neglect of Islam by Muslims has not only driven them to misery, but also grievously weakened their bonds of faith in Allah and His Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). The decay in their belief and consequent perversion in their conduct has reached a stage that any attempt to pull them out of the depth of ignominy and the heedless chaos of faithlessness, attracts grave uncertainties and apprehensions rather than a encouraging will to follow the Shariah, to purify the soul and to reform within. The Quranic Verse: Layers upon layers of darkness… (24:40) provides the nearest expression of their present state.
SHARIAH & SUFISM
Any action against the Sunnah (Prophet’s way of life) cannot be called Sufism. Singing and dancing, and the prostration on tombs are not part of Sufism. Nor is predicting the future and predicting the outcome of cases in the courts of law, a part of Sufism. Sufis are not required to abandon their worldly possessions or live in the wilderness far from the practical world. In fact these absurdities are just its opposites. It is an established fact that Tazkiyah (soul purification) stands for that inner purity which inspires a person’s spirit to obey the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). If a false claimant of Sufism teaches tricks and jugglery, ignoring religious obligations, he is an impostor. A true Sheikh will lead a believer to the august spiritual audience of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). If you are fortunate enough to be blessed with the company of an accomplished spiritual guide and Sheikh of Sufism, and if you follow his instructions, you will observe a positive change in yourself, transferring you from vice to virtue.
ISLAM, AS A COMPLETE CODE OF LIFE
Islam, as a complete code of life or Deen, was perfected during the life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). He was the sole teacher and his mosque was the core institution for the community. Although Islam in its entirety was practiced during that blessed era, the classification and compilation of its knowledge into distinct branches like ‘Tafsir’ (interpretation of the Quran), Hadith (traditions or sayings of the holy Prophet- SAWS), Fiqh (Islamic law), and Sufism (the soul purification) were undertaken subsequently. This Deen of Allah passed from the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) to his illustrious Companions in two ways: the outward and the inward. The former comprised the knowledge defined by speech and conduct, i.e., the Quran and Sunnah. The latter comprised the invisible blessings or the Prophetic lights transmitted by his blessed self. These blessings purified the hearts and instilled in them a passionate desire to follow Islam with utmost love, honesty and loyalty.
WHAT’S SUFISM
Sufism is the attempt to attain these Barakah (Blessings). The Companions handed down Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) teachings as well as blessings to the Taba’een. Their strong hearts were capable of infusing these blessings into the hearts of their followers. Both aspects of Islam were similarly passed on by the Taba’een to the Taba Taba’een. The compilation of knowledge and its interpretation led to the establishment of many schools of religious thought; famous four being the Hanafi, the Hanbali, the Maliki, and the Shafa'i, all named after their founders. Similarly, in order to acquire, safeguard and distribute his blessings, an organized effort was initiated by four schools of Sufism: The Naqshbandia, the Qadria, the Chishtia, and the Suharwardia. These schools were also named after their organizers and came to be known as Sufi Orders. All these Orders intend to purify the hearts of sincere Muslims with Prophetic lights. These Sufi Orders also grew into many branches with the passage of time and are known by other names as well. The holy Quran has linked success in this life and the Hereafter with Tazkiyah (soul purification). He, who purified, is successful. (87: 14) Sufi Orders of Islam are the institutions where the basics of Tazkiyah (soul purification) and its practical application are taught. They have graded programs in which every new seeker is instructed in Zikr-e Lisani (oral Zikr) and is finally taught the Zikr-e Qalbi (Remembrance in heart).
ZIKR-E QALBI
However, in the Naqshbandia Order, Zikr-e Qalbi is practiced from the very beginning. Adherence to the Sunnah (Prophet’s way of life) is greatly emphasized in this Order, because the seeker achieves greater and quicker progress through its blessings. The essence of Zikr is that the Qalb should sincerely accept Islamic beliefs and gain the strength to follow the Sunnah with even greater devotion. ‘If the heart is acquainted with Allah and is engaged in His Zikr; then it is filled with Barakaat-e Nabuwwat (Prophetic blessings) which infuse their purity in the mind and body. This not only helps in controlling sensual drives but also removes traces of abhorrence, voracity, envy and insecurity from human soul. The person therefore becomes an embodiment of love, both for the Divine and the corporeal. This is the meaning of a Hadith, “There is a lump of flesh in the human body; if it goes astray the entire body is misguided, and if it is reformed the entire body is reformed. Know that this lump is the Qalb”.’
PAS ANFAS
Recent History Khawajah Naqshband (d. 1389 CE) organized the Naqshbandia Order at Bukhara (Central Asia). This Order has two main branches – the Mujaddidia and the Owaisiah. The former is identified with Sheikh Ahmed Sirhindi, known as Mujaddid Alif Sani (literally: reviver of the second Muslim millennium), a successor to Khawajah Baqi Billah, who introduced the Order to the Indo- Pakistan sub-continent. The Owaisiah Order employs a similar method of Zikr but acquires the Prophetic blessings in the manner of Khawajah Owais Qarni, who received this beneficence from the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) without a formal physical meeting. The Zikr employed by the Naqshbandia is ‘Zikr-e Khafi Qalbi’ (remembrance of Allah’s Name within the heart) and the method is termed ‘Pas Anfas’, which (in Persian) means guarding every breath. The Chain of Transmission of these Barakah, of course, emanates from the holy Prophet- SAWS.
SPIRITUAL BAI’AT (OATH OF ALLEGIANCE
It is necessary in all Sufi Orders that the Sheikh and the seekers must be contemporaries and must physically meet each other for the transfer of these blessings. However, the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order goes beyond this requirement and Sufis of this Order receive these Barakah regardless of physical meeting with their Sheikh or even when the Sheikh is not their contemporary. Yet, it must be underscored that physical meeting with the Sheikh of this Order still holds great importance in dissemination of these Barakah. Sheikh Sirhindi writes about the Owaisiah Order in his book ‘Tazkirah’: ‘It is the most sublime, the most exalted, and the most effective…and the highest station of all others is only its stepping stone.’ By far the greatest singular distinction of the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order is the honor of Spiritual Bai’at (Oath of Allegiance) directly at the blessed hands of the holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W).
SHEIKH HAZRAT MOULANA ALLAH YAR KHAN (R.A)
The Reviver Sheikh Allah Yar Khan was born in Chikrala, a remote village of Mianwali District of Pakistan, in 1904. He completed his religious education in 1934. The same year, he met Sheikh ‘Abdul Rahim, who took him to the shrine of Sheikh Allah Deen Madni. By Divine Will his spiritual connection was immediately established with the saint of the 10th century Hijra (sixteenth century CE) and he started receiving spiritual beneficence. His sublime education in Sufism, signifying progressive spiritual growth and advancement, continued for about twenty-five years, after which he was directed to undertake the propagation of Prophetic blessings - a noble mission that he accomplished with singular zeal and dedication for a period spanning half a century. Anybody who visited him was duly rewarded with a share of spiritual bliss commensurate with his/her sincerity and capacity. Sheikh Allah Yar Khan’s mission produced men and women of deep spiritual vision and eminence. He authored eighteen books, the most distinguished being Dalael us-Sulook (Sufism - An Objective Appraisal), Hayat-e Barzakhiah (Life Beyond Life) and Israr ul- Haramain (Secrets of the two holy Mosques). He was undoubtedly one of the most distinguished Sufi saints of the Muslim Ummah and a reviver of the Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order. He passed away on 18 February 1984 in Islamabad at the age of eighty.
THE CHAIN OF TRANSMISSION OF NAQSHBANDIA OWAISIAH
1. Hazrat Muhammad ur-Rasool Allah (Sall Allah-o Alaihi wa Sallam), 2. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (Radhi Allah-o Unho), 3. Hazrat Imam Hassan Basri (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 4. Hazrat Daud Tai (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 5. Hazrat Junaid Baghdadi (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 6. Hazrat Ubaid Ullah Ahrar (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 7. Hazrat Abdur Rahman Jami (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 8. Hazrat Abu Ayub Muhammad Salih (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 9. Hazrat Allah Deen Madni (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi), 10. Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (Rahmat Ullah Alaihi).
THE SPIRIT OR RUH
The spirit or Ruh of every person is a created reflection of the Divine Attributes and it originates in Alam-e Amar (Realm of Command). Its food is the Light of Allah or the Divine Refulgence, which it acquires from the Realm of Command through the holy Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s choicest favors and peace be upon him), whose status in the spiritual world is like that of the sun in the solar system. The Quran refers to him as the ‘bright lamp’. Indeed, he is the divinely selected channel of all Barakah. All Exalted Messengers themselves receive these Barakah from him.
LATAIF
The human Ruh also possesses vital organs like the physical body; through which it acquires its knowledge, food and energy. These are called Lataif (singular Latifah: subtlety). Scholars of various Sufi Orders have associated them with specific areas of the human body. The Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order identifies these Lataif as follows. First - Qalb: This spiritual faculty is located within the physical heart. Its function is Zikr. Its strength increases one’s capacity for Allah’s Zikr. Second – Ruh: The site of this Latifah, which is a distinct faculty of the human Ruh, is on the right side of the chest at the level of Qalb. Its primary function is concentration towards Allah. Third – Sirri: This is located above the Qalb and functions to make possible Kashf. Forth – Khaffi: This is located above the Ruh and functions to perceive the omnipresence of Allah. Fifth – Akhfa: This is located in the middle of chest, at the centre of the first four Lataif and makes it possible for the Ruh to perceive the closeness of Allah, Who is closer to us than our own selves. Sixth – Nafs: This Latifah is located at the forehead and functions to purify the human soul. Seventh – Sultan al-Azkar: This Latifah is located at the top centre of the head and serves to absorb the Barakah of Allah into the entire body, so that every cell resonates with Zikr.
FIVE EXALTED MESSENGERS OF GOD
There are Five Exalted Messengers among the many known and unknown Messengers of Allah. They are Hazrat Muhammad, Hazrat Nuh (Noah), Hazrat Ibrahim (Abraham), Hazrat Musa (Moses), and Hazrat Esa (Jesus), peace be upon them all. Hazrat Adam is the first Prophet of Allah and the father of mankind. Each Latifah is associated with a particular Prophet. The Barakah and lights from Hazrat Adam (peace be upon him), descend on the first Latifah Qalb; its lights are reflected from the first heaven and are yellowish. The second Latifah is associated with Hazrat Nuh and Hazrat Ibrahim (peace be upon them). Its lights descend from the second heaven and appear as golden red. The lights descending upon the third Latifah are from Hazrat Musa (peace be upon him) and are white. One the fourth Latifah, the lights of Hazrat Esa (peace be upon him) descend from the fourth heaven and are deep blue. The fifth Latifah receives its Barakah directly from the holy Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s choicest favors and peace be upon him). The lights associated with this Latifah are green, descend from the fifth heaven, and overwhelm all the first four Lataif. The Lights descending upon the sixth and seventh Lataif are the Divine Lights, whose color and condition cannot be determined. These are like flashes of lightening that defy comprehension. If Allah blesses a seeker with Kashf, he can observe all of this. The vision is slightly diffused in the beginning, but gradually the clarity improves.
SULOOK
Stages of the Path After all seven Lataif of a seeker have been illuminated with Divine Lights through Tawajjuh of the Sheikh and his Ruh has acquired the ability to fly, the Sheikh initiates its journey on the sublime Path of Divine nearness. The Path is known as Sulook, and its stages are not hypothetical imaginations but real and actually existing stations on the spiritual Path. These are also referred to as Meditations, because a seeker mentally meditates about a station while his/her Ruh actually ascends towards it. The first three stations that form the base of whole Sulook are described as; Ahadiyyat, a station of Absolute Unity of Divinity. It is above and beyond the seven heavens. It is so vast a station that the seven heavens and all that they encompass are lost within Ahadiyyat as a ring is lost in a vast desert. Its lights are white in color. Maiyyat station denotes Divine Company, ‘He is with you, wherever you might be.’ This station is so vast that Ahadiyyat along with the seven heavens beneath are lost within it as a ring is lost in a desert. Its lights are green in color. Aqrabiyyat station denotes Divine Nearness, ‘He is nearer to you than your life- vein.’ Again, Aqrabiyyat is vast as compared to Maiyyat in the same proportion. Its lights are golden red and are reflected from the Divine Throne. It is indeed the greatest favor of Almighty Allah that He blesses a seeker with an accomplished Sheikh, who takes him to these sublime stations. The final station that a seeker attains to during his/her lifetime becomes his/her Iliyyeen (blessed abode) in Barzakh and his/her Ruh stays at this station after death.
ZIKR
Why is Zikr Necessary for Everyone? Allah ordains every soul in the Quran to Perform Zikr. This not only means reciting the Quran and Tasbeeh but also Zikr-e Qalb. It is only through Zikr-e Qalbi that Prophetic Lights reach the depths of human soul and purify it from all vice and evil. Zikr infuses a realization of constant Divine Presence and a seeker feels great improvement in the level of sincerity and love towards Allah and the holy Prophet- SAWS. Such levels of sincerity, love and feelings of Divine Presence can never be obtained without Zikr. It would be a mistake to believe that Zikr may be a requirement only for the very pious and virtuous people. Zikr provides the Prophetic blessings which are in effect the life line of every human soul. It transforms even the most corrupted humans into virtuous souls by bringing out the best in them. The fact is that Zikr is the only way to achieve true contentment and satisfaction in life. The holy Quran has pointed to this eternal fact that it is only through Zikr Allah that hearts can find satisfaction. Such satisfaction and peace are the ultimate requirements of every person, regardless of religion, race and ethnicity. Practicing Zikr regularly removes all traces of anxiety and restlessness, and guides the human soul to eternal bliss and peace.
KHALIFA MAJAZEEN
Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), during his life time in 1974, presented a nomination list to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), during Maraqba, of expected Khalifa Majazeen for Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) approved some names, deleted some of the names, and added down the name of Major Ghulam Muhammad as also Khalifa Majaaz of Silsila Naqshbandia Awaisia (which was not previously included in the list)
The approved names at that time included:
1. Mr. Muhammad Akram Awan Sahib,
2. Mr. Sayed Bunyad Hussain Shah Sahib,
3. Mr. Major Ahsan Baig Sahib,
4. Mr. Col. Matloob Hussain Sahib,
5. Mr. Major Ghulam Muhammad Sahib of Wan Bhachran Mianwali,
6. Mr. Molvi Abdul Haq Sahib,
7. Mr. Hafiz Abdul Razzaq Sahib,
8. Mr. Hafiz Ghulam Qadri Sahib,
9. Mr. Khan Muhammad Irani Sahib,
10. Mr. Maolana Abdul Ghafoor Sahib,
11. Mr. Syed Muhammad Hassan Sahib of Zohb.
These Majazeen were authorized to; held Majalis of Zikar (Pas Anfas) in their respective areas, arrange Majalis of Zikar in neighboring areas, train them on the way of Sulook, prepare them for Spiritual Bai’at (Oath of Allegiance), and present them to Sheikh Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan for Spiritual Bai’at at the Hand of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), in the life of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A), and were all equal in status as Khalifa Majaaz of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A).
Presently we are following Hazrat Major ® Ghulam Muhammad Sahib, Khalifa Majaaz of Hazrat Moulana Allah Yar Khan (R.A).
And what a beaut piece of gear she is. I love this time of year, the angles of the Milky Way are great to play with!
52 Photos in 2017 Challenge: 6. Equipment
One of several shops in Ackland St, ST Kilda, which sells a variety of nice cakes.
One of the essential food groups (you know - burgers, fries, chocolate, crisps, and other equally healthy stuff).
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As we had travelled to Eastwell, it only seemed right that we tried Westwell. This was locked on my only previous visit, so did not hold out much hope.
We park opposite the fine looking village pub, and I walk to the church, through the churchyard and find the door unlocked, and inside what caught my eye was a stunning triple arch mid-way down the nave, quite an unexpected feature.
For the most eye catching feature, other than the triple arch, is the wooden buttress in the south aisle, apparently keeping the church standing.
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A particularly rewarding church which throughout the Middle Ages belonged to Christ Church, Canterbury, which spent large sums of money on it. The chancel, by far the most elaborate part of the building, is separated from the nave by a screen of three trefoil headed arches supported on very tall cylindrical pillars. That this was not the rood screen may be seen by the notches cut into it that originally carried the wooden screen set at a lower level in between. The chancel is vaulted in stone, held together today by essential iron tie-bars. The sedilia, of three seats, set under battlements, are unusual in having the two easternmost seats on the same level, with just the third a few inches lower. The east window contains some medieval glass depicting the Tree of Jesse, while in the north chapel is some heraldic glass of Richard II's reign. There are some plain poppy-head stalls in the arcaded panels. In 1967 two flagons were sold to the Goldsmiths' Company to raise money for essential repairs to save this church from total collapse.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Westwell
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WESTWELL
LIES the next parish westward from Eastwell, taking its name of Wells, by which only it is mentioned in Domesday, from the springs which rise in and near it, and the addition of West from its situation, and to distinguish it from the adjoining parish of Eastwell.
THE PARISH, though it lies in a healthy part of the county, yet from its situation, partly in a variety of barren soils, and the rest of it low and watry, among a continuance of moorish, brooks and meadow land, is far from being pleasant, the greatest part of it is situated below the upper range of chalk hills, called the Downhills, which here cross this parish, part of which extends above them, where it is covered with coppice woods, among which is that called Long Beech wood, further notice of which will be taken hereafter, where the soil is a poor reddish, earth, mixed with slint stones. At the foot of these hills is a long slip of barren pasture land, called Westwell downs, which is uninclosed, and full of road tracks, over which the chalk soil of the hills continues, and for some distance below them, at the north-east side of the parish, is Eastwell park, part of which is within the bounds of it; not far from which is the village of Westwell, having the church and vicarage within it, and not far from it the court-lodge and park-house. From the village southward the parish is watered by several streams, which run from hence into the river Stour below Hothfield and Great Chart, where the land consists mostly of meadow ground, a moorish but fertile soil. Towards the west is a heath, called Westwell leacon, round which there is a hamlet of houses, where, and on that side of the parish next to Hothfield heath, it is a barren soil, mostly a deep sand.
THE MANOR of WESTWELL was part of the antient possessions of the church of Canterbury, but by whom, or when given, I have not found; but in the division made by archbishop Lanfranc of the revenues of it, this manor was allotted to the share of the monks, and was by them appointed ad cibum eorum, i. e. for the use of their refectory; accordingly it is thus entered in the survey of Domesday, under the general title of their lands:
The archbishop himself holds Welle. In the time of king Edward the Confessor it was taxed at seven sulings, and now for five. The arable land is eighteen carucates, in demesne there are four, and twenty-one villeins, with five borderers having twelve carucates and an half. There are seven servants, and one mill of thirty pence, and twenty acres of meadow. Wood sussicient for the pannage of twenty hogs. In the time of king Edward the Confessor it was worth seventeen pounds and eleven shillings and four-pnece, when he received it as much, now twenty-four pounds and four-pence, and yet it pays forty pounds.
But their title to this manor seems to have been very precarious, for it was continually contested; till at length, in the 8th year of king Henry III. Peter de Bending, who laid claim to it, acknowledged it to be their right, for which they gave him a sum of money, and their manor of Little Chart in see-farm, as therein mentioned. (fn. 1) The original deed being in the Surrenden library, with the seal annexed, being a coat of three bars, the legend, Sigil Petri de Bondingies. And three years afterwards Stephen, son of John Heringod, for a consideration, released to them all his title to it, which he prosecuted by writ of right, in the king's court, the original of which is likewise in the above library, the seal appendant, a coat, being a bordure of six fishes, one in chief and in base fessways, and two on each side bendways; the legend, Sigill ni de Herengot. The large price paid for these releases shews, not only the value of this manor, but likewise the doubtful title by which the prior and convent held it, nor did they even after this remain quiet in their possession of it, till on a process before the justices itinerant, in the 25th year of that reign, the prior pleaded, that he had the manor by the gift of the king's predecessors, who gave it to his church, as free as they themselves held it, in pure and perpetual alms; so that it never afterwards was parted, not was it partible. And further, that the king, who gave it to his predecessors, did not hold it by the name of gavelkind. And the jury found for the prior, &c. (fn. 2) who after this seems to have remained in the uninterrupted possession of it, and in the 7th of the next reign of king Edward I. he claimed and had allowed, before J. de Reygate and associates, justices itinerant, among other liberties, that of a market in the parish of Westwell, on a Wednesday weekly throughout the year. In the 1st year of king Edward II. he obtained a charter of free-warren for his manor here. In the 6th year of it there appears to have been a park within the prior's manor here, for he was then presented before H. de Stanton and his sociates, justices itinerant, at Canterbury, for obstructing a common footpath, which led through the middle of his park, from Hothfield to the court of Elcheston, (useque ad forum de Elscheston). And the jury found, that a prior his predecessor at some time inclosed the park, and afterwards the inclosure of it being broken in the time of war, there was a passing of the neighbours through the middle of it, to the above court, by the prior's leave, for almost thirty years, until the prior that then was again inclosed it; and they say, that it was not a common pathway, and therefore, &c. (fn. 3) In which state it continued till the dissolution of the priory in the 31st year of king Henry VIII. when it came, with the rest of the possessions of the monastery, into the king's hands, where this manor remained, till, in the 34th year of his reign, when he by agreement that year, granted it, with its appurtenances, and the land and wood in this parish, commonly called Westwellpark, the parsonage appropriate, and the advowson of the church, and the wood called Long beech wood, in this parish and Challock, with the lodge built on it, all parcel of the late priory, in exchange for other premises, to archbishop Cranmer, to hold by knight's service. Which grant was afterwards confirmed by the king, under the great seal. At which time there appears to have been land here, parcel of this manor, called the Vyneyarde. (fn. 4) After which, the above premises remained with the see of Canterbury, till the 3d year of queen Elizabeth, when the queen, being enabled so to do by act of parliament, took into her hands this manor and park of Westwell, among others, and annexed them to the crown, and recompenced archbishop Parker with other estates in lieu of them. After which, she, in her 10th year, granted the manor to John Fletcher and William Atkinson, for a term of years. In which state it continued till king Charles I. in his 4th year, granted it, together with the park in see, to Edward Ditchfield, John Highlord, Humphry Clark, and Francis Moss, and they immediately afterwards vested their interest in them in Sir John Tuston, knight and baronet, of Hothfield, whose eldest son Sir Nicholas Tuston, knight and baronet, having been created Lord Tuston and Earl of Thanet, died possessed of this manor, with the lands formerly the park of Westwell, the farm of which, now called the Park, claims an exemption from the payment of small tithes, in the 8th year of that reign, anno 1635, and in his descendants, earls of Thanet, it has continued down to the right hon. Sackvile, earl of Thanet, the present owner of them.
A court leet and court baron is regularly held for this manor.
RIPLEY-COURT, now usually called Ripple, is a manor here, which was formerly made more eminent from its affording a surname to a family of good rank in these parts, who resided at it; one of which, Richard de Ripley, died possessed of it in the 30th year of king Edward I. and Philipott says, in an old deed he is called Miles Archiepi, as holding this manor of the archbishop by knight's service. But before the latter end of king Edward III.'s reign the Brockhulls were become possessors of it, and they were succeeded by the Idens, a family of great antiquity and good estate about Iden, in Sussex, and Rolvenden, in this county; and in them it continued down to Alexander Iden, esq. who resided here in the 28th year of Henry VI. the latter half of which year he was sheriff, being appointed on the death of William Cromer, esq. who had been put to death by the rebel John Cade, and his followers, on the 4th of July that year; (fn. 5) but Cade being at length deserted by them, was forced to fly alone, and concealed himself among the woods belonging to this estate, and the king promised by proclamation one thousand marcs reward, to any one who would bring him, dead or alive. A few days after which, he was discovered by Iden the sheriff there, who attempting to take him, on his resistance, flew him, and cutting off his head, carried that with the body up to London, to the king's council, who gave him thanks, and ordered the reward to be paid him. He afterwards married Elizabeth, daughter of James, lord Say and Seal, and widow of William Cromer, esq. above-mentioned, and was sheriff again in the 35th year of that reign, in whose descendant, who bore for their arms, Azure, a fess, between three closed helmets, or, this manor continued till it was at length alienated to Darell, of Calchill, whose descendant George Darell, esq. in the last year of king Edward VI. conveyed it to Baker, in which name it remained till Giles Baker passed it away to Christopher Towers, esq. who alienated it to Sackville, earl of Thanet, whose great-grandson the right hon. Sackville, earl of Thaner, is now entitled to it.
BEAMONSTON, usually called Beamston, and in Domesday, Betmonteston, is a manor, which lies partly in this parish, and partly in Challock, in the borough of its own name, and within the bounds of the hundred of Wye, the scite of the court-lodge of it, which has been many years down, being, as is supposed, in that part of Eastwell-park within this parish. At the time of taking the general survey of Domesday, this manor was part of the possessions of Odo, bishop of Baieux, under the general title of whose lands it is thus entered in it:
Ralf de Curbespine holds of the bishop, Betmontestun. It was taxed at one suling. The arable land is six carucates. In demesne there are two, and thirteen villeins, with one borderer having three carucates. There are thirty three acres of meadow, and wood for the pannage of forty hogs. Of this manor Hugo de Montfort holds, between wood and pasture, what was worth in the time of king Edward the Confessor six pounds, and afterwards and now, as much. Ailric held it of king Edward.
Four years afterwards the bishop was disgraced, and all his possessions were consiscated to the crown, of which it was afterwards held by a family who took their surname from it; one of whom, John, son of Roger de Beamston, held it of the honor of Say in the reign of king Henry III. but in the next reign of king Edward I. Stephen de la Hay held it by knight's service of that honor, and his descendant William de la Hay died possessed of it in the 8th year of Edward III. After which it came into the possession of Thomas at More, who owned it in the 20th year of that reign, holding it as above-mentioned, from which name it was sold to Laurance de Amias, whose descendant, J. Amyas alienated it, in the reign of king Henry VIII. to Sir Thomas Moile, of Eastwell, who dying in 1560, without male issue, Catherine his daughter and coheir carried it in marriage to Sir Thomas Finch, afterwards of Eastwell, in whose descendants, earls of Winchelsea, this manor continued down to Daniel, earl of Winchelsea and Nottingham, who dying in 1769, without male issue, gave it, together with his other estates in this county, to his nephew George Finch Hatton, esq. now of Eastwell, the present proprietor of it.
SHOTTENDEN is situated in the eastern part of this parish, in the borough of Shottenden, and within the bounds of the hundred of Wye. It was, in the beginning of the reign of Henry VI. become the property of cardinal archbishop Kempe, who in the 10th year of that reign settled it, among other premises, on his new-founded college of Wye, with which it staid till the dissolution of that foundation in the 36th year of Henry VIII. when it came into the hands of the crown, where it remained till queen Elizabeth, in her 1st year, granted it, with the royal manor of Wye, and other premises, to her kingsman Henry, lord Hunsdon, to hold in capite by knight's service, and his grandson, Henry, earl of Dover, soon after 1628, alienated it to Sir Thomas Finch, of Eastwell, afterwards earl of Winchelsea, whose descendant Daniel, earl of Winchelsea and Nottingham, in 1769, devised it to his nephew George Finch Hatton, esq. of Eastwell, the present owner of it.
NASH-COURT is a manor here, lying at a small distance westward from Shottenton, which, as appears by old deeds, was once in the possession of a family who were at first written At-Nash, and afterwards Nash only. (fn. 6) They were extinct here before the 32d year of king Edward III. for it appears by the close-roll of that year, that Alanus de Hanekin then held it, but before the latter end of the next reign of Richard II. one of this family had alienated it to Thomas Brockhull, esq. of Calehill, whose son Henry Brockhull, in the beginning of king Henry IV's reign, passed it away to John Darell, esq. afterwards of Calehill, steward to archbishop Chicheley, and younger brother of Sir William Darell, of Littlecete, in Wiltshire, in whose descendants it continued down to George Darell, esq. of Calehill, who in the last year of king Edward VI. sold it to Sharpe, of Ninhouse, in Great Chart, whose descendants afterwards constantly resided here, many of whom, as appears by their wills in the Prerogative-office, Canterbury, lie buried in the north chancel of this church; and it is now in the possession of one of them, Mr. William Sharpe, gent. of Westwell. A court baron is held for this manor.
At a small distance northward from Nash, is a house and lands called Gig-Nash, formerly the property of Giles Baldock, who resided at it in 1531. It afterwards passed into the name of Bourne, and was sold by the heirs of Nicholas Bourne, of Westwell, to William Sharpe, of Nash, above-mentioned, who now owns it.
DEAN-COURT is a manor, in the north-east part of this parish, above the hill, next to Challock, in which parish most of the demesne lands belonging to it lie. It was, at the time of taking the survey of Domesday, in the year 1080, part of the possessions of Odo, bishop of Baieux, the Conqueror's half-brother, under the general title of whose lands it is entered in it as follows:
Adelold held Dene of the bishop. It was taxed at one suling. The arable land is two carucates. In demesne there is one carucate, and four borderers, and two servants, ana one acre of meadow, and wood for the pannage of nine hogs. Of this suling Ralph de Curbespine holds one yoke and an half, which is and was worth separately ten shillings. Adelold had half a suling and half a yoke, and in the time of king Edward the Confessor it was worth forty shillings, and afterwards twenty shillings, now forty shillings. This land is in the king's hands. Ulnod and Wana and Aluuard and Ulueron held this land of king Edward, and it was divided in three places.
Four years afterwards the bishop was disgraced, and all his estates were consiscated to the crown. After which, this manor was held by the family of Hoese, afterwards called Hussey, one of whom, Henry de Hoese, died possessed of it in the 18th year of king Edward I. and his son Henry did homage for it in the 30th year of that reign, to John Peckham, archbishop of Canterbury, of whom he then held it, together with lands in Sturmouth, and in his descendants it continued down to Henry Hussey, who in the reign of king Henry VIII. sold it to Sackville; after which it came into the possession of William Herbert, earl of Pembroke, who in the 7th year of king Edward VI. exchanged it with the king for other premises, and it remained in the crown till the 4th and 5th of Philip and Mary, when it was granted to Thomas and John White, and others, to hold in capite by knight's service, (fn. 7) who joined in the sale of it to Millen, in which name it remained in the reign of king Charles II. and from one of them it was afterwards alienated to Young, of Charing, who by deed settled it on Elizabeth Poole, daughter of Mr. Poole, of Charing, who marrying Dr. John Ludwell, M.D. late of Oriel college, Oxford, entitled him to it for his life, and surviving him she became again possessed of it in her own right, and at her death in 1765, by her last will, devised it to her kinsman George Carter, esq. of Kennington, whose son, the Rev. George Carter, now of Kenningston, is the present possessor of this manor.
DIGS-COURT, usually called Digges, lies about three-quarters of a mile westward from the church, which was so called from the eminent family of Digge, or Digges, as they were afterwards called, who were owners of it, and frequently resided here, being stiled sometimes of Barham, where their principal seat was, and sometimes of Westwell, as appeared by several of their antient evidences; and in the reign of king Edward III. there was one of them, Adomarus de Digge, who frequently wrote himself of Westwell, but whether the same person who was a judge in the preceding reign of king Edward II. I am not certain; soon after which, by Elizabeth, daughter of his descendant John Digge, of Barham, this seat went in marriage to Henry Anchor, esq. of Losenham, whose descendant of the same name, had two sons, Thomas, who succeeded him at Losenham, and Robert, who was afterwards of this seat of Digges-court; of which he died possessed in 1512, and was buried in Westwell church; (fn. 8) and in his descendants, who constantly resided here, it continued till it was, at the latter end of the last century, sold by one of them to Godden, and he, in the year 1700, alienated it to William Bokenham, esq. of Rochester, whose representatives, in 1719, joined in the sale of it to Henry May, esq. recorder of Chichester, who by will devised it to his kinsman Thomas May, esq. of Godmersham, who afterwards took the name of Knight, and died possessed of it in 1781, as did his son of the same name in 1794, s.p. and by his will devised it to his widow Mrs. Catherine Knight, now of Canterbury, the present owner of it.
LEYTON, alias LEYTON, is a small manor here, situated at a small distance northward from Diggscourt, which was part of the possessions of the see of Canterbury, and remained so till archbishop Cranmer, in the 31st year of king Henry VIII. conveyed it to the king, which sale was ratisfied by the prior and convent of Christ-church; but it did not remain long in the crown, for the king, in his 23d year, afterwards confirmed under his great sea, exchanged it again with the archbishop for other premises; and the king discharged the archbishop from all tenths, and all other outgoings whatever, payable to him from it. Since which this manor has continued parcel of the possessions of the see of Canterbury to this time.
The family of Honywood have been lesses of this manor for a considerable length of time. Filmer Honywood, esq. now of Markshall, is the present lessee of it.
PERRINTON, or as it is now vulgarly called, Perrytown, is another manor in this parish, of which I find no mention till the reign of king Edward I. in the 5th year of which, Philip de Columbers died possessed of it, holding it of the king in capite. After which it became the property of the family of Aldon; one of whom, Thomas de Aldon, died possessed of it in the 43d year of Edward III. How long it continued in that name, I have not found; but it most probably afterwards came into the possession of the Pyries, afterwards called and written Perry, from whom this manor, as well as Perry-court, in Wye, both assumed their names. Of the heirs of Geossire de Pyire, this manor seems to have been purchased by cardinal archbishop Kempe, in the beginning of king Henry VI's reign, who, in the 10th year of it, settled it, among other premises, on his new founded college of Wye, with which it said till the dissoultion of it, in the 36th year of Henry VIII, when this manor came into the hands of the crown, whence it was immediately afterwards granted, with the small adjoining manor of Broke, and other premises, to Thomas Cawarden, to hold in capite by knight's service; (fn. 9) from him they passed to Moyle, and from thence again to Sir John Baker of Sissinghurst. and his descendant Sir John Baker, knight and baronet, in 1657, alienated the manor of Peryton to Nathaniel Powell, esq. of Eweherst, in Sussex, afterwards, in 1661, created a baronet, one of whose descendants passed it away to Kingsford, from which name it was sold to Chapman, and it is now the property of Mr. William Chapman, of this parish.
WOLTON, alias WODITON, is a place here, which was originally parcel of the inheritance of a family called Wolton, or Woditon. Ivo de Woditon held it in the year 1236, and left it to his son John de Wolton, who had a son Richard, who in the 20th year of king Edward III. held both this manor and that of Wootton by Barham, and in his successor of that name this estate remained till the latter end of king Henry VI.'s reign, and then some part of it was sold to John Hampton, and he, about the beginning. of king Edward IV.'s reign, passed it away to Richard Rasel, who resided here, and died possessed of it, as appears by his will, in the 23d year of that reign; but there was some part of it which remained unsold, until William Wolton, at his death in 1540, ordered it to be vested in seossees, in trust, to discharge his debts; and they accordingly conveyed it to Rasel, who then became possessed of the entire fee of it; in whose descendants it remained at the restoration of king Charles II. But whereabouts it is situated, and who have been the proprietors of it since, I have not been able, after the most diligent enquiries, to find out.
LONGBEECH wood is a large tract of woodland, lying above the hill, on the north side of this parish, partly in it, and partly in Challock. It contains about 1100 acres, and was formerly part of the possessions of the priory of Christ-church, and on the dissolution of it, in the 31st year of king Henry VIII.'s reign, came into the hands of the crown, where it remained till the king, in his 34th year, granted it, by the description of all the wood and underwood, commonly called Long-beech, in Westwell and Challock, with the lodge there upon builded, and the soil and ground of the same wood, called Longbeech wood, parcel of the late monastery of Christ-church, (fn. 10) among other premises, in exchange to archbishop Carnmer; notwithstanding which, archbishop Parker, in the year 1570, was sued in the exchequer, for selling some part of this wood, under pretence of its being the queen's and though it was determined in his favour, yet the archbishop was obliged to relinquish his right to it, and Sir James Crosts, comptroller of the queen's household, had a grant of it from her, in her 17th year, and continued in the possession of it till archbishop Whitgist, on his first advancement to the see found, such favour with the queen, as to recover the possession of it. Since which it has remained parcel of the estates belonging to the archbishopric, and does so at this time. In 1643 it was rented of the archbishop by John Boys, gent. at the yearly rent of forty pounds. Since which the lease of it has been for some time in the family of Dering, of Surrenden. Sir Edward Dering, bart, is the present lessee of it.
Charities.
STEPJHEN HULES, rent. of Westwell, by will in 1678, gave to the poor of this parish for ever, two acres of land, and two tenements at Gignash, in this parish, which are not let, but are appropriated to the poor; supposed to be worth six pounds per annum.
JAMES TAYLOR, gent. by will in 1699, gave to the poor of this parish a parcel of land in Little Chart and Westwell, containing one acre, and now called Poor's meadow, which is not let, but is applied to the poor, and is supposed to be worth 1l. per annum.
The poor constantly relieved are about thirty-three, casually twenty-five.
WESTWELL is within the ECCESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Charing, and is exempt from the jurisdiction of the archdeacon.
The Church, which is dedicated to St. Mary, is a large handsome building, consisting of three isles, two small chancels, and a high chancel, having a tall spire steeple shingled, at the west end of it. The pillars on each side the middle isle are slim and very beautiful, and between this isle and the chancel they are uncommonly elegant. In the middle window of the high chancel are good remains of painted glass, being four ovals, in each a figure sitting, crowned, with a scepter, and the rest filled with a bordure, &c. Within the altar-rails is a memorial for John Tucker, A. M. rector of Ringwold, and under master of the king's school, Canterbury; a man of a most worthy character, who died in 1776, universally esteemed and lamented. Without the rails are two stones, robbed of their brasses, one having had the figure of a priest, with his mitre and robes; the other, the stem of a cross, and at top, the half-figure of a priest. There are six stalls at the west end of the chancel, for the use of the members of the priory of Christ-church, during their residence here, and others of the clergy who might be present at divine service. On the south side is a confessionary-seat of stone, and one beside it, and a rich for holy water. At the east end of the south isle are four inches for statues. In the north chancel is a memorial for Mary Wolgate, virgin, daughter of John Woltage, of Borden, obt, 1634; and an inscription on brass on a gravestone, for John Sharp, of Nash, obt. 1607. In a window on the north side of the north isle, in a chancel, is a shield of arms, Azure, a cross, between four martlets, or, impaling, Azure, three crowns, or; another, Quarterly, azure, a cross between four martlets, or; and gules, a lion rampant, argent; and in another window are some good remains of figures. In a window of the north isle are the arms of the priory of Canterbury, and a shield, Argent, a cross, gules. In the south chancel is a stone, coffinshaped, about two feet long, with a cross flory on it. Robert at Ligh, by will in 1525. devised for a pair of organnys in this church, ten marcs; and Roger Baker, of this parish, by his will proved in 1553, devised forty marcs towards the reparation of the steeple of Westwell.
This church was antiently an appendage to the manor of Westwell, and as such was part of the possessions of the priory of Christ church, to which it was appropriated in the 21st year of king Richard II. towards the support of the sabric of that church, to which archbishop Arundel consented; for which the prior gave up to him the patronage of St. Mary Aldermary church, London; (fn. 11) and the same was confirmed by Henry IV. in his 2d year. After which this parsonage appropriate, together with the advowson of the vicarage, remained part of the possessions of that pirory till the dissoultions of it, in the 31st year of king Henry VIII. when it came, with the manor, into the king's hands, where it staid but a small time, for the king, in his 34th year, confirmed afterwards under his great seal, granted in exchange, among other premises. the manor of Westwell, with other lands here, and the parsonage of Westwell appropriate to the above late monastery, and the advowson to the archbishop of Canterbury. And the king exonarated and discharged the archbishop from the tenth part of the yearly value of the said premises, which he was entitled to by the act, made in the 26th year of his reign, In which state it has continued ever since, the archbishop being the present owner of the parsonage appropriate, and of the advowson of the vicarage of this church.
In 1643 John, earl of Thanet, was lessee of this parsonage. It was afterwards in the name of Gurney, and since, partly by purchase and partly by marriage, the lease became vested in the Rev. John Tucker, late of Canterbury, deceased, whose son, of the same name, is now entitled to it.
The vicarage of Westwell was endowed in the year 1298, the year after the appropriation of the church, with the consent of Henry de Northwode, then rector of this church, and yet no vicar seems to have been inducted for some years afterwards, though a portion had been before assigned to the vicar by the rector, of which the prior of Christ-church, the see of Canterbury being then vacant, granted his letters testimonial in 1293. (fn. 12)
It is valued in the king's books at thirteen pounds, and the yearly tenths at 1l. 6s. 14s. In 1588 it was va yearly certified value of 691. 14s. In 1588 it was valued at fifty pounds. Communicants three hundred and ninety-eight. In 1640 it was valued at sixtynine pounds. Communicants the same. In 1661, archbishop Juxon augmented this vicarage ten pounds per annum out of the great tithes. Archbishop Tenison gave fifty pounds towards putting the vicaragehouse, which was then much gone to ruin, in better repair. There is only half an acre of glebe to it.
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Used in diffusion, essential oils have a very wide power of action. As the body does not develop
they can take advantage of their many beneficial effects on an ongoing basis. Several studies
have shown that essential oils are able to attack very powerful microbes, destroying them and
thus preventing their proliferation. Essential oils also fight effectively against bacterial infections than viral or parasitic. They are:
Antibacterial
Essential oils have a power of electromagnetic attraction on the molecular organisms that are found
in the ambient air. Various factors, like pollution or a lot of people in one place, drastically reduce the number of negative ions in the ambient air, which then takes care of bacteria (positive ions) that can cause various infections. Diffuse essential oils fight against these bacteria since they charge in the air negative ions that neutralize the positive ions.
These results do not surprise the researcher Monique Lacroix, who studies the antibacterial properties of oils
at the Institut Armand-Frappier in Laval: “We have seen that at very low concentrations, oils essential can eliminate bacteria. The concentration of the mixture increases the efficiency. Sprayed on a wall, the oil is in direct contact with the bacteria. The chances of eliminating it are therefore better. “His team has studied more than 200 essential oils rich in phenols to find the ones that are most effective against pathogenic bacteria, such as E. coli, salmonella and staph: Thyme, oregano, clove and cinnamon would be among the most promising.
The antibacterial effect of essential oils has also been proven in an English hospital. Researchers from the University of Manchester have highlighted the highly antibacterial effect of essential oils. An oil diffuser has been installed for 9 months in 2 rooms of a hospital. Result: a 90% decrease in bacteria in the air and a reduction number of infections were found.
Fungal
They prevent and treat fungal infections caused by microscopic fungi. (Ex: Cedar, Melissa,
Geranium, Palmarosa.)
Antiseptics
They prevent and fight infections by destroying germs and stopping their reproduction.
(Ex: Lemon, Cajeput, Lavender, Pine)
Antiviral
They stop the development of viruses, highly sensitive to its aromatic molecules and stimulate the immune system.(Ex: Tea Tree, Eucalyptus, Lavender, Rosemary, Thyme.)
Purifying
Disseminated in the atmosphere they cleanse and deodorize the air. They disinfect and prevent contagion
while perfuming pleasantly. (Ex: Lime, Grapefruit, Petit Grain, Fir.)
Revitalizing
Because of their rapid penetration ability, they revitalize weak cells in the body. They act
at the level of global energy, regulate the activity of the glands, promote the secretion of hormones and balance the nervous system. (Ex: Basil, Cypress, Mint, Clary Sage)
Mosquito repellent
Essential oils are well known to make life hard for all kinds of insects and they have proven themselves
as a repellent, mosquito repellent and anti-parasitic agent. They constitute a natural alternative to different
products on the market that are not always safe for health and the environment. The
essential oils have a preventive effect by discouraging insects from invading a place, in addition to being repulsive and
to drive them out of a place they have already invested. They have the advantages, and even more, of a classic repellent,
without the harmful and sometimes dangerous consequences for the health of a product that may contain elements
toxic. Considered a highly effective bio-repellent agent, essential oils keep mites at bay,
fleas and lice. Diffused in the ambient air, they would protect in particular attacks of mosquitoes,
by masking the smell of CO2 emanating from the human body. Their pleasant scent added to their efficient action, make
essential oils an essential natural alternative.
The essential oils recognized as the most effective mosquito repellent are: Lemongrass, Eucalyptus,
Lavender, Lavandin, Rose Geranium and Peppermint.
The different olfactory notes
In aromatherapy, it must be taken into account that odors evaporate at different speeds in order to elaborate
a balanced fragrance. A fragrance evolves, transforms and evaporates. The system of the pyramid (the pyramid of perfumes) takes into account these peculiarities by classifying the essences in three notes:
The top note It consists of the lightest materials. It’s the smell that you smell first and disappear most quickly.
This note does not stay long but, as it is the first one we feel, it is decisive in the signature of a composition. Fresh and lively this note consists mainly of citrus fruits and lavender, a
flower, which is an exception in this category.
The heart note
It consists of molecules with medium volatility. It persists a little longer than the top note. It is it gives body and determines the character of a composition. It plays the role of liaison between the top note and
the bottom note. It mainly includes flowers and herbs.
The bottom note
It is made up of the heaviest essences. It is she whose smell is the most persistent, the scent that remains
delicately when the other notes have vanished. Used in minute quantities, because of its power, its role
principal is to fix the other notes. It is indispensable in a composition and helps to give a touch
balanced final. This note is drawn mainly from bark or scented roots.
The post What is aromatherapy and Essential oils? appeared first on BIOPHYTOPHARM.
Three top business women from Galway, Cork and Dublin win Network Ireland Business Women of the Year Awards
Friday, 21 October, 2011: The Galway founder of the successful travel pack for flyers, an internationally renowned hairdresser from Cork and the Head of Prudential Supervision at the Irish Banking Federation were presented with Network Ireland 2011 Business Women of the Year Awards, sponsored by Celebrity Cruises, today at Dublin Castle.
The winner of the Network Ireland Business Women of the Year Awards were
Ms Mary Kershaw, President Network Ireland.
Business Woman of the Year Awards Candidates for the New Business Award were Ms Louisa Condon, The Ant Team, North Tipperary.
Jo Rzymowska, Associate Vice President and General Manager, UK and Ireland Royal Caribbean International, Celebrity Cruises and Azamara Club Cruises.
Mary Doyle â Irish Banking Federation, Dublin.- NETWORK BUSINESSWOMAN (Employee) OF THE YEAR
Ms Julia McAndrew, the founder of Compleat Travel Essentials Packs,- NETWORK BUSINESSWOMAN NEW BUSINESS OF THE YEAR
Valerie Cahill â Ikon Hair Design in Cork - NETWORK BUSINESSWOMAN (Self Employed) OF THE YEAR
Ms Julia McAndrew, the founder of Compleat Travel Essentials Packs, the new Galway company that sells to over 4,000 retail and hotel customers, a range of specially prepared packs containing essential toiletries for those flying and travelling throughout the world, won the Network Businesswoman (New Business) of the Year. Ms Valerie Cahill, CEO Ikon Hair Design in Cork, the award winning hair styling company in Cork, won the Network Businesswoman (Self Employed) of the Year and Ms Mary Doyle, Head of Prudential Supervision at the Irish Banking Federation, Dublin won the Network Businesswoman (Employee) of the Year.
The âTrish Murphy Honorary Awardâ was presented by Network Ireland to the successful business woman, Ms Norma Smurfit, for her tireless commitment and work for a large number of charities. This is the inaugural year of this award in honour of Trish Murphy, a past Network Dublin President who contributed significantly to the organisation and also for charity. Sadly she passed away last year prematurely at the age of 53 from cancer.
Ms Mary Kershaw, President Network Ireland, an organisation representing over 3,000 women in business, said that the theme for this yearâs awards was âLocal Talent for Global Opportunitiesâ.
âOur members aspire to successfully developing their businesses by providing high quality products and services and raising the profile of their company brands among their target markets. Todayâs awards ceremony recognises their achievements. We also recognised the great charity work of Ms Norma Smurfit. She is an inspiration for business women throughout the country,â Mary said.
Celebrity Cruises (1800 932 619, www.celebritycruises.ie, the multi award-winning* cruise company sponsored the Network Ireland 2011 Business Woman of the Year Awards ceremony. Jo Rzymowska, Associate Vice President and General Manager, UK and Ireland Royal Caribbean International, Celebrity Cruises and Azamara Club Cruises presented the awards and commented: âCelebrity Cruises is known for enjoyable holidays built around innovation, the highest standards of quality of service and enthusiasm. The members of Network Ireland share these same values and so, Celebrity Cruises is delighted to sponsor this important event,â she said.
Network Ireland encourages women to do business, market their skills and expertise with the support of other members throughout the country. It represents over 3,000 women working in a wide range of industry sectors.
Members are recognised as serious contributors to the Irish economy and decision-making bodies. Network Ireland also liaises with national and international organisations as well as key Government and State bodies throughout Europe.
The award winners each received a specially sculpted piece of crystal crafted by the Irish Glass Company, which was founded by glass blowers from the former Waterford Glass company.
*Celebrity cruises recent awards in Ireland include:
âBest Luxury Cruise Companyâ - Irish Travel Trade Awards (ITTA)
âBest Luxury Cruise Lineâ - Irish Travel Agents Association Awards (ITAA)
ENDS
FOR MEDIA ENQUIRIES, PLEASE CONTACT:
Network Ireland â David Curtin @086 28 32 123
Celebrity Cruises - Andrew Campbell-Edie (partnership.pr1@gmail.com) +353 (0)857 286711, Louise James (louisejames@rccl.com) and Surinder Manku (smanku@rccl.com) on +44 (0)1932 834 200
Notes on winners
NETWORK BUSINESSWOMAN (New Business) OF THE YEAR
Julia McAndrew â Network Galway
Julia McAndrew is a mother and an established business woman which involves a lot of travel. She saw at first hand the need for Compleat Travel Essentials Packs â specially prepared packs that contain essential toiletries for those flying and travelling a lot.
She spent a lot of time sourcing and trying out products before she found the quality of the products she was looking for, for example the wipes are organic & bio-degradable, the deodorant is natural and endorsed by the cancer treatment centre and the shaving cream is for the most sensitive skin, 3 in 1, pre, post and shave, needing no water for the best shave ever. Due to customer feedback sheâs now launching a unisex pack and a pack for children.
Now over 4,000 customers worldwide choose Compleat Travel Essential packs to feel fresh and clean no matter where they are. Compleat Travel Essentials Packs are now selling in Hotels, Pharmacies, Hospital Shops, WH Smith and Airport shops. She is already in talks with companies in the UK and the European Airports.
NETWORK BUSINESSWOMAN (Self Employed) OF THE YEAR
Valerie Cahill â Ikon Hair Design in Cork
In 1997 Valerie opened Ikon Hair Design in Cork, on the first floor of 10 Princes Street with three team members. Ikon is now a multi awarding winning salon and the team has grown to thirteen.
Valerie and her husband Decky are looking forward to opening their new salon in Cork in November 2011. She has been involved in the Irish Hairdressing Industry for the last 27 years. She started as an apprentice in Victor Franks in 1984 where she qualified and took up the role as trainer and manager till 1997.
Valerie believes that in an industry that is known for its creativity and flair, it is important to get the balance right between the creative and the business side of things. It is something Valerie and the team have been working on over the past few years.
In 2008/ 2009 Ikon embarked on a 2 year program in London with Alan Austin Smith, The Ambassador / Salon Programme focusing on the team and the business and developing both.
In 2011, Valerie took up the position as The Munster Educator for Joico, doing what she loves most and is incredibly passionate about, teaching the JCut and Colour System. In 2011 she became a member of the Irish Hairdressing Executive Committee.
Valerie Finnegan Cahill juggles motherhood (Finn 11years & Jack 6 years) and business every day. Valerie is also involved in The Niall Mellon Township Trust Charity; this year (November) will be her third trip to South Africa where she helps to build houses in the townships of Capetown.
NETWORK BUSINESSWOMAN (Employee) OF THE YEAR
Mary Doyle â Irish Banking Federation, Dublin.
As Head of Prudential Supervision at the Irish Banking Federation, Mary is responsible for liaising with the industry and relevant parties, to determine policies for the evolving range of Risk and Corporate Governance regulations now impacting on banking. She manages the overall technical work programme for Risk and Governance, both key aspects of current bank regulation, and assists in the development of related sector policy positions.
Her career path on the technical side has always involved being ahead of and part of future developments. Initially as an economist, Mary was always looking for examples of future growth sectors for investment. It also included strategic matters; corporate planning and marketing rules.
She regularly attends local and international conferences, seminars, as well as networking events on such matters. Her most recent positions relate to banking regulations, again a rapidly evolving area, where she is now involved in planning such training events for the banking industry with local and overseas speakers. She interacts with the banking industry on evolving regulations, to achieve a practical, workable regulatory framework within the Irish and EU framework.
Mary is an experienced economist with a broad understanding of business and banking as well as being a media commentator on financial markets. Having been a founding member of Network Dublin she has made a long standing contribution to Network Dublin for over 25 years and believes strongly in the networking concept. She has adapted well to new experiences and challenges, working in the UK, EU, Africa, and primarily Ireland. Throughout all this she uses her networking skills in all aspects of her life. She is Economic Consultant to Nigerian Development Bank for World Bank and was nominated by Network to the Minister for Health for the Board of Health Insurance Authority, a position she held for 10 years.
Ten Network Ireland Branches represent 500 firms nationwide in Dublin, Louth, Cork, Limerick, Tipperary North, Kildare, Waterford, Galway, Mayo
and Clare. The businesswomen nominated for the Network Ireland 2011 Business Woman of the Year Awards include:
Candidates for the Employee Award
Ms Lynda Murphy, My Waterford
Ms Eithne Cosgrave, Sales & Marketing Director, Hotel Westport, Mayo
Ms Mairead OâBrien, Accounts Manager, Nash 19, Cork
Ms Lorraine Scully, Sherry FitzGerald Kavanagh, Galway
Ms Maura McMahon, Limerick Chamber of Commerce
Ms Mary Doyle, Irish Banking Federation, Dublin
Candidates for the Existing Business Award
Ms Foinagh Ryan, Ryanâs Jewellers, Limerick
Ms Kathleen Delahan, Patient School of Motoring, Kildare
Dr Eithne Brenner, The Brenner Clinic and Faceworks, Waterford
Ms Caroline Gordon, Accountant & Registered Auditor, Mayo
Ms AnnMarie Walsh, The Tipperary Kitchen, North Tipperary
Ms Valerie Cahill, MD, IKON Hair Design Cork
Ms Jenny Beale, Brigitâs Garden, Galway
Ms Pat Reda, PJ Reda Executive Search & HR Consulting, Dublin
Ms Ann Marie Horgan, Allpets Veterinery Hospital, Louth
Candidates for the New Business Award
Ms Martina Ginty, MD Glitz & Glam Ltd, Kildare
Ms Jennifer Cody Murphy, Beautilicious, Waterford
Ms Jenny Brennan, Virtual Office Worx, Mayo
Ms Louisa Condon, The Ant Team, North Tipperary
Ms Joan Walsh, MD, Partnership Europe, Cork
Ms Julie McAndrew, Compleat Travel Essentials, Galway
Ms Juliet OâConnor, The Zip Yard, Dublin
Ms Dorothy Walsh, Dorothy J Walsh, & Co Solicitors, Co. Louth
Ms Anne Maria Moore, Beech Lodge Care Facility & Retirement Village, Limerick
Notes about Celebrity Cruises
Celebrity Cruisesâ iconic âXâ is the mark of the worldâs top-rated premium cruise line, with spacious, stylish interiors; dining experiences elevated to an art form; personalized service, with a guest-to-staff ratio of nearly 2:1; unexpected, trendsetting onboard activities, all designed to provide an unmatchable experience for vacationersâ precious time.
Celebrity sails to Alaska, Australia/New Zealand, Bermuda, California, Canada/New England, the Caribbean, Europe, Hawaii, the Pacific Coast, Panama Canal, South America, and year-round in the Galapagos Islands. Celebrity also offers immersive cruisetour experiences in Alaska, Australia/New Zealand, Canada, Europe and South America. One of the fastest-growing major cruise lines, Celebrityâs fleet currently consists of 10 ships, with one additional Solstice Class ship scheduled to join the fleet: Celebrity Reflection in autumn 2012.