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The thesis of my portfolio examines and nuances the relationship between “separate but equal,” symmetry, and balance. While on a recent a road trip to Hearst Castle the Supreme Court began hearing oral arguments over marriage equality. Later, as I was touring the mansion, I was struck by the Renaissance symmetry of the façade and the interior spaces. Hence, this body of work is an aesthetic response and investigation that seeks to create situations where similar entities attempt to be “equal.”
(See the full Set to read full Concentration Statement)
A two-page August 1981 letter from Virginia Stop Equal Rights Amendment Chair Phyllis Schlafly urges voters in the 49th Virginia House district 49 support two anti-ERA candidates in the September Republican primary. The district had a total of three seats.
Specifically targeted was incumbent Delegate Martin Perper, a Republican who supported the Equal Rights Amendment.
During the campaign, Perper’s district voters were bombarded by a direct mail campaign from Republicans for Conservative Government and Schlafy’s group.
Perper lost the primary to the Schlafly-endorsed Gwendolyn Cody by less than 100 votes. Cody went on to win the general election providing a crucial anti-ERA vote.
Schlafly a right-wing activist who was nationally prominent in conservatism. She opposed feminism, gay rights, and abortion, and campaigned against the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Her role was similar to that of contemporary right-wing anti-feminist leader Erika Kirk.
Schlafly was perhaps the most prominent opponent of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) during the 1970s as the organizer of the "STOP ERA" campaign. STOP was a backronym for "Stop Taking Our Privileges". She argued that the ERA would take away gender-specific privileges enjoyed by women, including "dependent wife" benefits under Social Security, separate restrooms for males and females, and exemption from Selective Service (the military draft).
In 1972, when Schlafly began her campaign against the Equal Rights Amendment, the ERA had already been ratified by 28 of the required 38 states. Seven more states ratified the amendment after Schlafly began organizing opposition, but another five states rescinded their ratifications.
The last state to ratify the ERA was Indiana, where State Senator Wayne Townsend cast the tie-breaking vote in January 1977. Nevada, Illinois and Virginia ratified the ERA between 2017 and 2020, many years after the deadline to do so.
The Equal Rights Amendment was narrowly defeated, having only achieved ratification in a total 35 states. Political scientist Jane J. Mansbridge concluded in her history of the ERA:
“Many people who followed the struggle over the ERA believed—rightly in my view—that the Amendment would have been ratified by 1975 or 1976 had it not been for Phyllis Schlafly's early and effective effort to organize potential opponents.”
--description partially excerpted from Wikipedia
Virginia ERA campaign history
The campaign to pass the ERA in Virginia began shortly after Congress passed the 1972 constitutional amendment that provided for equal rights for women under the law. Congress also put a seven-year limit on obtaining ratification by the states.
Virginia’s politics at the time was very conservative and ratifying the ERA in the state was an uphill climb.
Pro-ERA activists at first eschewed militant tactics and concentrated on electing pro-ERA legislators and lobbying the state House and Senate. Silent vigils at the state capitol in Richmond were the main form of public demonstration.
A 2020 post by CNN’s Veronica Stracqualursi described the later campaign:
“Tensions rose as the deadline approached and Virginia still hadn’t ratified. Two NOW leaders, Marianne Fowler and Jean Marshall Clarke, were arrested at the Virginia state Capitol, protesting after a House committee voted to kill the ERA, according to a 1978 Washington Post report. Fowler refused to leave the Capitol and in frustration spat on the officer who dragged her out.
“Efforts became even more aggressive after Congress voted to extend the ratification deadline to 1982.
“A number of pro-ERA female activists, mostly from Virginia, formed “A Group of Women” and began organizing public acts of civil disobedience to draw attention to the ERA, including chaining themselves to the White House in 1981, according to Megan Taylor Shockley’s book, “Creating a Progressive Commonwealth.” A year later, on Susan B. Anthony’s birthday, 10 of the group’s women scaled the White House fence – attempting to deliver an ERA petition to President Ronald Reagan – and were arrested, Shockley wrote.
“In February 1982, Virginia fell a vote short in the state Senate of passing the ERA after a Republican senator, Nathan Miller, took a business trip to avoid voting on the amendment, Shockley wrote.
“The world doesn’t stop because the General Assembly starts,” Miller told the Post at the time.
“Fowler and another activist, Pat Winton, chased Miller down at the Richmond airport to try to prevent him from leaving, according to Shockley.
“A news report quoted Fowler as saying the senator had looked “sheepish” when they caught up with him, and he avoided them by ducking into the men’s room, Shockley wrote. Miller didn’t respond to a CNN request for an interview.
“Falling one vote short was a feeling of “intense disappointment,” McCoy told CNN, adding that they had been let down when some candidates promised support for the ERA, only to change their minds once elected.
“’We all kept up a strong front and kept our emotions in check. There had been a number of disappointments before then. There was no demonstration as a group or as individuals to show our disgust,’ she recalled.
“Activists tried to keep the ERA alive by filing suit in the Virginia Supreme Court, which did not take up the matter, according to Shockley. By the June 1982 deadline, only 35 states had ratified the ERA – three shy of the threshold needed to add it to the Constitution – and five that had previously passed it by then had rescinded their support, throwing its future into serious doubt.”
The campaign was renewed in the 21st century and after a more progressive Democratic Party took control of both Virginia legislative bodies in 2017, the ERA was passed in 2018. The ERA has now been passed by 38 states and activists are demanding that it be recognized as a valid amendment to the Constitution.
The effort now lies before the courts.
For a PDF of this two-sided 8 ½ x 11 letter, see washingtonareaspark.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/1981-0...
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHsjDVEVCy
Original held in the Elizabeth Smith collection of Virginia ERA Ratification Council Records, Virginia Commonwealth University, James Branch Cabell Library, Special Collections.
Permanent Mission of Principality of Monaco to the UN, New York, 17 September 2022.
© ITU/J. Gorlovetskaya
#13 / 118 Pictures in 2018
Pausing to perch on an afternoon hike ... He is 7, she is 3; he outweighs her by 15 pounds; he gazes at me attentively while she is scanning for a next adventure; in my heart and home they are equal! (not to mention those equally long tongues!)
Fort Buchanan, PR-An Equal Opportunity (EO) course was conducted from 18-23 Jun at the US Army Reserve headquarters. The EO program formulates, directs, and sustains a comprehensive effort to maximize human potential to ensure fair treatment for military personnel, family members, and civilians without regard to race, color, gender, religion, or national origin, and provide an environment free of unlawful discrimination and offensive behavior.
Das Diakonische Werk Berlin-Brandenburg-schlesische Oberlausitz e.V. (DWBO) hat am equal pay day 2013 seine Forderungen für mehr Wertschätzung des Pflegeberufs vorgestellt. Rund 80 Mitarbeitende aus der Pflege und Schülerinnen und Schüler aus Pflegefachschulen tanzten und sangen bei Schnee und Kälte vor dem Deutschen Bundestag: „We work hard for the money“.
Permanent Mission of Principality of Monaco to the UN, New York, 17 September 2022.
© ITU/ M. Jacobson-Gonzalez
Chromed Aluminium Extruded equal angles are used for beading, corner protection and jointing in shopfitting, stair noosing,DIY,decorating and display applications. Chome-Plated finishing resembling steel and are saline corrosion resistant.
Hight: from 10mm up to 30mm hight
Lenght: 1,00-2,00 mt
Material: Chromed Aluminium
Nepal, 2015: Pabitrya Paudyal, 13, stands in front of door – all that remains of a school in Gorkha District that was destroyed during the 25 April earthquake. On 31 May, nearly 14,000 children whose schools were destroyed or heavily damaged in the 25 April and 12 May earthquakes began having classes for the first time in five weeks, in temporary learning centres. UNICEF and partners have provided learning supplies for the children.
After Joe Smith could not be hired due to lack of work ethic he underwent extensive surgeries to make himself a hodgepodge of every minority he could think of. Ater realizing he could get away with everything he turned to a life of crime.
Boston Pride
The Boston Pride Parade is a march to celebrate and promote equal rights for the region’s GLBT gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender communities and is the premier event of Pride Week. As one of the most popular Pride Parades in the country, organizations and individuals from around New England and beyond will walk together to advocate for inclusivity, equality and respect.
The 43rd Annual Boston Pride Parade
Saturday, June 8, 2013
12noon to finish
Theme "Moving Forward...Proud, Strong, United"
Grand Marshal Mayor Thomas Menino who was elected five times as Mayor of Boston and five times as a City Councilor from Hyde Park
Pride Festival was located at City Hall Plaza from 12-6pm
For more on Boston Pride visit:
Photo
Boston, Massachusetts, New England, USA, North America
06/08/2013
In 1890, the State of Louisiana passed Act 111 that required separate accommodations for African Americans and Whites on railroads, including separate railway cars, though it specified that the accommodations must be kept "equal". Concerned, several African Americans and Whites in New Orleans formed an association, the Citizen's Committee to Test the Separate Car Act, dedicated to the repeal of that law. They raised $1412.70 ($33768.76 in 2008 USD) which they offered to the then-famous author and Radical Republican jurist, Albion W. Tourgée, to serve as lead counsel for their test case. Tourgée agreed to do it for free. Later, they enlisted Homer Plessy, who was one-eighth black (an octoroon in the now-antiquated parlance), to take part in an act of planned civil disobedience. The plan was for Plessy to be thrown off the railway car and arrested[1] not for vagrancy, which would not have led to a challenge that could reach the Supreme Court, but for violating the Separate Car Act, which could and did lead to a challenge with the high court.
The Committee hired a detective to ensure that Plessy was arrested for violating the Separate Car Act, which the Citizen's Committee wanted to challenge with the goal of having it overturned. They chose Plessy because, with his light skin color, he could buy a first class train ticket and, at the same time, be arrested when he announced, while sitting on board the train, that he had an African-American ancestor. For the Committee, this was a deliberate attempt to exploit the lack of clear racial definition in either science or law so as to argue that segregation by race was an "unreasonable" use of state power.
The intellectual roots of Plessy v. Ferguson were in part tied to the scientific racism of the era. However, the popular support for the decision was more likely a result of the racist beliefs held by most whites at the time.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
I had been meaning to go to this for several years. Slightly disappointed with the rain but during the worst of it Ladbroke Grove Tube Station Fly Over provided some cover. I have tried to equal out the genders but there were more females there.
I then went to Oxford Circus and noticed that Selfridges have opened their Christmas Shop - it's the last day of August!!