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Field visit to peatlands area in Loreto during training on peatlands' emissions accounting.
Photo by Junior Raborg/CIFOR-ICRAF
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Le cimetière chinois de Nolette est un cimetière situé le territoire de la commune française de Noyelles-sur-Mer où sont inhumés les travailleurs civils chinois employés par l'armée britannique pendant la Première Guerre mondiale.
Il s'agit du plus grand cimetière chinois de France et d'Europe
Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, Noyelles abrita une importante base arrière britannique dont un grand camp de coolies (travailleurs immigrés chinois). Ils furent recrutés par l'armée britannique entre 1917 et 1919 dans le cadre du corps de travailleurs chinois (en anglais, Chinese Labour Corps), pour des tâches de manutention à l'arrière du front mais certains connaitront les zones de combat.
Ils représentent l'une des premières immigrations chinoises en France. Ils avaient l'interdiction de se mêler à la population civile du lieu. Certains resteront en France après la Grande Guerre.
Chinois en France
L'entrée du cimetière chinois de Nolette.
Ils étaient affectés à des tâches pénibles et dangereuses comme le terrassement de tranchées, le ramassage des soldats morts sur le champ de bataille, le déminage des terrains reconquis, la blanchisserie, les services de santé auprès des malades, en particulier ceux atteints de la grippe espagnole...
En 1921, le gouvernement britannique décida l'édification du cimetière chinois à Nolette. Le Major Truelove est chargé de sa réalisation sous l'autorité d'Edwin Lutyens.
Depuis 2002, le cimetière de Nolette est le lieu de célébration de la Fête de Qing Ming (Fête des Morts chinoise) en France organisée par le Conseil pour l'intégration des communautés d'origine chinoise en France.
On trouve dans le département de la Somme des tombes de coolies dans les cimetières d'Abbeville, Albert, Daours, Gézaincourt, Tincourt-Boucly et Villers-Carbonnel.
Propriété de l'État français et gérée par la Commonwealth War Graves Commission, la nécropole située près du hameau de Nolette dans la commune de Noyelles-sur-Mer a été inaugurée en 1921 par le Préfet de la Somme. 849 travailleurs chinois sont inhumés à Noyelles-sur-Mer. La plupart travaillait au camp chinois de l'armée britannique situé sur la commune entre 1917 et 1919.
Tombe de Yang Shiyue 楊十月 originaire du Shandong, mort le 12 janvier 19191.
Beaucoup sont morts d'une épidémie de choléra qui a sévi dans le camp, de la grippe espagnole en 1918-1919 ou de la tuberculose, voire tués dans les zones de combat.
Le site est caractérisée par le portail d'entrée, les inscriptions sur les tombes et les essences d'arbres (pins, cèdres...) qu'on ne rencontre pas dans les autres cimetières du Commonwealth ainsi que par l'absence de croix du Sacrifice et de pierre du Souvenir.
Les tombes de ce cimetière sont constituées de 849 stèles en marbre blanc, avec sur chacune d'elle gravée une inscription en anglais « Faithful unto Death » ou « Though dead he still liveth » ou encore « A good reputation endures for ever » ainsi que des idéogrammes chinois et parfois, très rarement, le nom en anglais ou le matricule du défunt.
Le porche monumental et le mur de l'entrée tiennent lieu de mémorial pour la quarantaine de Chinois morts sur terre ou sur mer sans tombes connues.
Des statues de lions offerts par la République populaire de Chine sont situées, non loin de la nécropole, à l'entrée de la rue qui mène au cimetière de Nolette
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Fall foliage #middleburycollege #vermont
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Middlebury, Vermont - Fall color scenics on the Middlebury College campus. (Photo © Brett Simison)
Château des ducs de Bretagne.
1207 Edification du premier château dit "de la tour neuve"
1367 Agrandissement du château de Nantes
1466 Construction du château actuel
1488 Construction de la Tour du fer a cheval
1514 Construction du petit gouvernement
1598 Signature de édit de Nantes par Henri IV
1670 Incendie du grand gouvernement
1800 Explosion de la Tour des espagnols
1862 Le château de Nantes est classé monument historique
1943 Occupation par les Allemands
Castle of the Dukes of Brittany.
1207 Erection of the first castle called "the new tower"
1367 Expansion of the castle of Nantes
1466 Construction of the present castle
1488 Construction of the Tower of horseshoe
1514 Construction of small government
1598 SignatureEdict of Nantes by Henry IV
1670 fire of the great Government
1800 Explosion of the Tour of Spain
1862 the castle of Nantes is a historical monument
1943 the German Occupation
Titus 3:5 NKJV// NOT BY WORKS OF RIGHTEOUSNESS WHICH WE HAVE DONE, BUT ACCORDING TO HIS MERCY HE SAVED US THROUGH THE WASHING OF REGENERATION AND RENEWING OF THE HOLY SPIRIT./////////////////////////////////////// The Bible is more about edification than education. The gospel of Jesus is pretty straight forward and easy to understand. It is through his death burial and resurrection that we can be saved. Salvation or sanctification is a change of heart, and a regeneration of the mind. [ Romans 12:2] AND DO NOT BE CONFORMED TO THIS WORLD, BUT BE TRANSFORMED BY THE RENEWING OF OF YOUR MIND, THAT YOU MAY PROVE WHAT IS THAT GOOD AND ACCEPTABLE AND PERFECT WILL OF GOD./ Regeneration is an act of God in which the recipient is passive; Meaning acted upon or receiving impressions from external agents or causes.. God alone awakens the person spiritually through the power of the Holy Spirit. Matthew Henry wrote/ we could as soon make a new world as make a new heart by any power of our own.// Being regenerated is the work of God and his spirit within us. It is God that turns us, then we are turned. A new person is made in the old body, Having new thoughts, desires and affections that are all centered on Godly living. [Psalm 51:10] CREATE IN ME A CLEAN HEART O GOD, AND RENEW A STEADFAST SPIRIT WITHIN ME.] Regeneration is the catalyst that allows believers to interact with the creator. It is the beginning step of an eternal walk with God. So i say today, if you decide to take time and read the gospels, and you want to accept Jesus Christ as your savior ( i hope you will) you may not feel smarter after it is all said and done, But i bet you will feel better.
Gateway Camp Verse
(Pin1) Ging1 Mahn4
Isaiah 62:10
What Dale instructed about going out of our way to treat the Mainland Chinese well resonated within me. To be sure, just as the Koreans have gone out of their way to bless me so I must step out to bless and to love my Mainland brethren.
After the first meeting, Ed and I wandered off campus and found inside a shopping mall a cha chaan teng where we had a late-night snack. And hardly had we tucked into our meals when in walked several dozen volunteers, all locals, who were overcome, it seemed, by the same munchies that infected Ed and me. It’s surprising how such a primal urge, at such a time, drives everyone to no less than the same, impossibly far location.
I thus far have met so many people that, had I not brought along my iPod, I would have already lost track of the multitudinous names flying around like fireflies at night, sparkling luminously one moment and then disappearing the next. And this is only the beginning: more and more people will arrive both today and tomorrow so I had better stay awake, alert, and writing.
I am working with a partner who really challenges me, and indeed that is why I chose to work with him. From the first words that came streaming out of his mouth, I knew he would be a special one, and as if to conifrm my conjecture, indeed, the more he spoke, the more confused I became. The challenge, I have realized after much ruminating, isn’t so much the pace of his speech as his choice of words, which fall outside a normal lexical range; that is, at least with me, when he talks, he doesn’t use familiar collocations to communicate; besides, he has an uncanny Tin Shui Wai accent; those, along with his amazing resistance to Chinglish, which impresses me, by the way, have made our communication tedious, since I am bombarded by peculiar lexical constructions that I generally never encounter in Cantonese conversation and must therefore stop our flow to clarify his speech. It’s too bad that he doesn’t speak English as I would love to hear how he structures ideas in my native language to determine whether or not this strange lexis has spilled over into his other modes of communication.
Regardless, in being with him, I have learned to be patient, and if I am truly to walk away from resentment, I must continue rather to engage him than to keep him at arm’s length. It helps us, then, that he is a congenial fellow, prone more to expressing love, much in the same way that I do by warmly grabbing a forearm or a shoulder, than to venting his frustration, which with me could certainly be great. He is verily a good guy, and so long as the Lord keeps him — I am sure Daddy will — Tin Shui Wai, that small patch of concrete moon colony, is in capable, faithful human hands.
Sau2 muhn6 je2
Mihng6 dihng6
Kyuhn4 lihk6
Lihk6 leuhng6
Chong3 yi3 adjective
Chong3 jouh6 verb
Romans 5:3-5
Not only so, but we rejoice in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; perseverance, character; and character, hope. And hope does not disappoint us, because God has poured out his love into our hearts by the Holy Spirit, whom He has given us.
I cried this morning when I read these words, because they are true, and comfort my soul as water to a dry, parched land. However many times I’ve lamented this place and its people, I am still inextricably tied to this rock, per God’s will for my life; and God really is faithful in providing a way out not from this place but from these spiritual hindrances. These past few days, what with communication failures and fatigue setting in, I could have more easily give into my rationality, in defense of my weaknesses, than resisted this bait of satan. Thank God, hence, for the words which are like fuel for the refiner’s fire that burns up all my expectations, my pride and my flesh. I can survive, nay, rejoice, indeed, because of God, who, in me, day by day teaches me to suffer long with a smile.
This is what the gateway is all about, I believe: jumping head-first out of my comfort zone to confront the nations, for my brothers and sisters and I must face each other if we are to raise the banners together. Battling through enemy strongholds of mistrust ad resentment, we demolish carnal thoughts and dig deep in the Spirit for the unity that shall overcome as much language as culture; God, after all, is bigger, even, than the battlefield. In these ways can my brethren and I love each other as ourselves, as we shall be one in the Father, with audacious power and boldness laying hands on His kingdom which advances, in this kairos moment, over all of China, including, no doubt, Hong Kong. No longer will there be curses thrown upon the nations; but rather the river of life will flow through the city, and the leaves of the tree on each side of the river will be for the healing of the nations.
1) Welcoming the Father
2) Unifying the body
3) Partnering with the Chinese
4) Serving the city
5) Supporting the Chinese
Isaac and I have worked quite hard this morning, putting up signs all over campus, and as if to reward me for my assiduity, he offered to buy me a drink, an offer which I took up. Indeed, this man’s care and concern for others, genuine, doubtlessly, fills me with joy, for, to be sure, the joy of the lord is his strength. My friend is indefatigable, always encouraging and never slighting, no matter the circumstances, rain (that has happened a lot today) or shine. Praise God!
Much like my relationship with Isaac, my relationships with my other team members have improved considerably since, even, this morning’s briefing during which, the code-switching, happening too fast and too furiously for my comfort, vexed me so terribly that if Isaac had not put a generous arm around my shoulder immediately afterwards, I surely would have blown my top in frustration at the perplexing language option. Thankfully, my team and I settled our language arrangements: Isaac, Dorcas and I will intractably speak Cantonese to each other whereas my other group mates and I will use English with as little code-switching as possible; and I, along with Ed, no doubt, am satisfied. It’s best to avoid misunderstandings.
Lihng4 Mahn4 (soul)
Sihng4 jeung2
Muhng6 Seung2 (dreams)
The Lord’s mercies are new everyday. Just now, during the morning rally, by His Spirit, hundreds of brothers and sisters received a new anointing, to be spiritual mothers and fathers of a new generation so as to minister to the next. This outpouring of the Spirit was sudden, and so captivated me that when the call came to reap, I rushed to the front to ask my father for this anointing, and naturally, my life was transformed. In the same way, the pastor called up a new generation of spiritual children to receive the love, care and support of these new parents; and likewise, so many young men and women heeded this call that verily, the pit in front of the stage was soon awash in hugs and tears between generations that, once lost, were now found. Indeed, no sooner did these people embrace their father than Dad immediately swept them up in his strong arms and showered them with audacious encouragement and support. Praise God!
An Outburst
I was angry this morning during our team time. I temporarily lost my ability to be merciful and to live in God’s grace. When my team leader began to address me in English, yet again, I couldn’t help but berate him for doing so when Cantonese, I argued, would be a more economical medium of delivery. And then I compounded this already incendiary situation by ranting about the hypocrisy of Hong Kong being a gateway to China but not a gateway into its own neighborhoods teeming with Chinese people, 97% of whom, according to one of the pastors at this camp, do not know the Lord Jesus. Cantonese will matter, I posit, if anyone dares to take on the onerous mission in this vexing place.
To be sure, even my brother announced that language was a prohibitive barrier to closer relationships with these local people, and therefore, since he neither speaks Cantonese nor is going to give learning the language a go, he is relegated to the outer walls of the gates into Hong Kong.
In hindsight, I thought I cared enough about God’s purposes for me in Hong Kong, but I realize now that I still care a lot about myself, and resentment. Though I have prayed and declared boldly that God is bigger than language and culture, I know I don’t believe it; and that’s upsetting. For the time being, I don’t verily believe in my heart that I can have deeper, closer relationships with Chinese people without the benefit of language and culture, patterns of action.
OK. This is actually an opportune start for my spiritual parentship, for now I have an opportunity to put aside my very compelling arguments for the necessity of language and culture in deep and close relationships, these conclusions born out of my reason, and to step out in faith, to trust in the Lord who, I pray, will show me deep and close relationships sans language and culture, and with whom my deep and close relationship shall obviously be the key to this victory.
I’m thinking about events at this camp that heretofore demonstrated loving relationships without language and culture, and I recalled two acts: the first happened yesterday when I spontaneously joined a line of ushers to high-five and to cheer the audience as they flooded out of the auditorium, the morning rally having scarcely finished; and the second, this was my meeting Yao, a man from the Ivory Coast, whom I befriended in those first, fleeting, if not frantic moments before the opening rally on Friday evening. That encounter was immediate and sudden, neither words nor habits needed; Yao and I simply high-fived, hugged and sat beside each other; and wow, that was terrific companionship — praise God!
Finally, however hard my diatribe may have struck my team members’ hearts, my merciful group mates still forgave me, not only on an personal level, but also, as I had sought forgiveness on behalf of all foreigners who have ever cursed locals or stood passively outside the gateway, on a corporate level, thereby releasing countless non-Chinese people into the freedom of these Hong Kong people’s forgiveness; just as brothers and sisters had so recently been reconciled to each other in my church, so local and non-local people have received the others’ freedom of forgiveness; more than a homecoming, that, indeed, is a breakthrough.
In listening to this morning’s sermon, I hear such verses as I know God is speaking to me through His word. 2Corinthians 4:16-18, this scripture in particular carries a buoyant, hopeful currency in my heart. My spirit soaks in this divine revelation as a sponge soaks in water and thus becomes malleable, able to be formed and shaped according to its holder’s will: Therefore we do not lose heart. Though outwardly we are wasting away, yet inwardly we are being renewed day by day. For our light and momentary troubles are achieving for us an eternal glory that far outweighs them all. So we fix our eyes not on what is seen, but on what is unseen. For what is seen is temporary, but what is unseen is eternal.
Disagreeable
I don’t know why my brother and I undermine each others’ comments; why we no more know consensus than the deaf music. Our interactions have been especially abrasive recently since we have spent so much time together without the benefit of our other brother to act as a natural, vociferous buffer; and as a result we argue like pieces of sand paper being rubbed against flesh, which inevitably leads to significant soreness. I feel sore now.
I think back to my outburst this morning and can appreciate my role in this evening’s embarrassing outcome; I am certainly not without fault, for I choose these days not only to venture my opinions but to do so passionately, if not emotionally. People consequently who otherwise are phlegmatic at best are put in a discomfiting position by my impassioned pleas. Besides, I recall Interrupting my brother prolifically, which understandably would not make him a happy camper; just as a hyperactive child doesn’t know when to stop pestering his sibling, so I don’t know nowadays when to hold my tongue. Indeed, I would rather not respond at all to my brother, even after he has fired off his rejoinder, than to strike him down in mid-speech.
In view of this latest incident, I have resolved to take the former course of action. To be sure, I simply stopped our petty dispute about a stupid basketball game by, awkward as it was, taking out my book and perusing it as fixedly as my tattered mind would allow. I will try my best to stay away from my brother for a spell, to create physical and spiritual space between us, so hopefully, in this way at least one of us will be able to come to his senses about this matter; better yet, now would be an opportune time for our father in his mercy to reveal to us the fault lines in our flesh so that we could surrender these tremulous spots in our soul, crucifying them to the father for our healing and the redemption of our relationship. I will pray about this.
…Praise God. If I had not separated myself from my brother’s presence, I wouldn’t have been sitting at that bench at the exact moment when Isaac came over to me in a plaintive mood. Obviously upset, he had been so recently wronged, he lamented on the verge of tears. And at that, mercy swept over my countenance, for my brother felt as aggrieved as I did earlier; and this appointment, per God’s unfailing, obstinate love, had at last come for me, convicting me to be very, very agreeable, sympathetic and kind to my fellow long-suffering brother. In this instance, thank God, language did not matter so much as empathy, carrying each others’ burdens and thus fulfilling the rule of Christ. We prayed and blessed each other in Jesus’ name, and then boldly went forward into the rally.
I suspect the enemy has infiltrated our team what with my outbursts and Isaac’s failing out as evidence. My group mates and I must be more vigilant in prayer and in digging deep into the Father’s word if we are to overcome the spies in our camp that have planted incendiary devices in our mouths and in our hearts. We certainly need such encouragement as the Lord provides for the edification and encouragement of each other, even more so, in fact, in the face of adversity, despite our fatigue and other physical ills that befall us like a hail of arrows. In faith, I’m sure, faith will see us through; and per what the pastors exhorted at the rally, we will become as if the smooth stone in David’s sling, ready to fly into the air to crush the Goliath in this world.
Sihng4 jauh6 achievement
Ngwuih misunderstanding
Nggaai2 to misunderstand
Yuhn4 leuhng6 forgive
Gaan2syun2 chosen
The Security Guard
At the morning rally, a security guard left an indelible impression on my heart what with her showing of unconditional support and her proffering of words of encouragement, which like a waterfall fell in force and power over my friends and me. To my amazement, I first saw her out of the corner of my eye stepping out of her role as a security guard to pray as a spiritual parent to two spiritual children during the morning rally’s prayer time; there she was, clad in her blue uniform, laying hands on those weeping kids; finally, I had witnessed someone courageous enough to step out of that rule of law, her boundary in Hong Kong, to be bound to that which is ethereal, the rule of Christ to carry each others’ burdens. Later, as the audience passed through the exit, I had time to confirm her love for the Lord and at that, we broke into a torrent of encouragement and followed this with a flurry of picture-taking. Indeed, never have I stumbled upon such good will from a dragon security guard in HK so I am hopeful, therefore, that this is but the the start of a greater movement within that particular demon-worshipping core, that at this time, God is opening up the heavenly armory and placing his prayer warriors inside that particular stronghold in Hong Kong to demolish every pretension that sets itself up against the knowledge of God and placing in its stead a profusion of love, gentleness and kindness. I look forward to the day when wisdom, and not languid stares, shall emanate from all the people who man the facilities in these universities.
Reconciliation
This is special. No sooner had Isaac and I stepped into the auditorium than we heard the plaintive cry of the mainland Chinese on the stage forgiving the Hong Kong people for their trespasses against their brethren from the north. A flurry of hugs, replete with a few tears, ensued. That was, as Dale announced from the stage, a delicious moment. Jesus must have been breaking out the good champagne in heaven for a rousing celebration in view of this victory.
Sex Talk – Part One
The kids finally received the sex talk this morning; a fiery pastor delivered the message which was as much shocking as informative; and gasps and wincing abounded in the audience.
While I have recently heard the sex talk at the men’s retreat, and have furthermore by God’s grace been inoculated against this particular area of struggle, it was nonetheless refreshing to hear the news, as shocking and as sensational as it was. I am willing, in addition, to believe that some of the atrocious acts that the pastor referenced, such as gruesome abortions and bizarre sexual acts, are more prevalent than my reason will believe, because my scope is limited by experience, but as the Father witnesses everything, if the Spirit has convicted this man and has told him that the world is heading closer and closer into the mouth of Jezebel in this way, I accept this. In fact, believing this is important if I am to be a good spiritual parent who will not only protect but educate the new generation from the prowling enemy that lurks these days, even, in our computers.
Prayer
The Holy Spirit fell over me this morning during my group’s team time. He convicted me to pray in Cantonese for the first time, and so I did without fear, those Chinese words pouring out of me as if perfume from an alabaster jar. Praise God: he is good; and this was the moment I have been waiting for.
I think about what happened, and am amazed at the Father’s favor; despite my critiques against this culture, and in spite of my recent lamentations, the Lord, ever faithfully, provided a way out under which I could stand and by which I could be protected from the bait of Satan. Little did I know that the escape route would, in fact, ironically, direct me to the very thing that heretofore has stood as an obstruction, a spiritual roadblock, in my mind.
A missionary on the stage just spoke into my life when she said about her experience learning Putonghua in China: the difficult part was not learning the language but learning to love those people as Jesus loves them. This will always be my mission, no matter where I am.
Keuhng4 jong3
Lai1 hei2 (pull up)
In the afternoon, my team had a reconciliation meeting during which, in small groups, each team member at last was given an opportunity to share alternately their joys and struggles. At that time, though having staved off an open rebuke for several days, I could no longer hold back this challenge to my small group: to step out in faith to be a gateway to the nations; and second, per the morning’s message, to on their guard against the sexually explicit, insidious media. I laid out my argument with much cogency, and such a response as I saw fit knocked my group mates into a stupor, because they certainly didn’t have much to say afterwards.
Oscillate between…and…
Vacillate…
Equivocated
Prevaricate
Sex Talk – Part Two
1) Jesus came to show us the Father; John1:18
2) Grace First, Truth Second; John 1:24:25; 16-18
Pahn4 mohng6 (hope)
Do you believe that Jesus can heal you? Then lay hands.
Dale and I are men who have shared similar struggles. His testimony is riveting.
Suddenly, I realized that this rally is, in fact, a continuation of yesterday morning’s sex talk, because we ended the previous rally praying more against the shame of abortion than against personal sexual immorality. Notionally, what is being discussed will enable people to really experience the love of the Father such that to change permanently our behavior. So when we are tempted:
1) Call for help; Romans 10:13
2) Escape Plan; 1Corinthians 10:13
Remember not to stand and rebuke the enemy with your own strength; move physically from the situation.
3) Run Away; 2Timothy 2:22
4) Into the Father’s Arms; Hebrews 4:14
I like this talk. This might be the first time that these young people get straight sex talk from their leaders; and there is no better time than now for these young people to break through in this particular area of struggle, just as the young men of SP broke through these obstinate barriers during our men’s retreat.
5) Confess and be Healed; James 5:16
I hope these young people find faithful accountability brothers and sisters in this service.
6) Walk in Transparent Accountable Relationships; 1John 1:7
7) Resist the Enemy; James 4:7
Community-Based Fire Prevention and Peatland Restoration Phase 2. Kayu Ara Permai Village, Siak.
Photo by Perdana Putra/CIFOR-ICRAF
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and a.sanjaya@cgiar.org
💡 HOW : 🔽
🔥 ACTION ONE (3✔️) (👨🔧Cut) Cut out the lap of the sheet :
👣 Step 1 (3✔️) : 0:02
🔥 ACTION TWO (2✔️) (👨🔧Coffe) Pour the coffee on the paper :
👣 Step 2 (2✔️) : 0:20
✅ Finish : 0:40
➕ 5 ✔️ Experience Points in making
⏳ Make in Less Than 1 Minute : www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCnt1yP-rsmkh4qyHHS_fhY69X...
ℹ️ You can use a hair dryer (Or others) for the drying step of the paper.
⚠️ Not strong and not close to the paper so as not to tear the paper.
⚠️ Not hot so as not to wrinkle the paper
⚠️ If you dry the paper with a hair dryer (Or others). Wait at least 5 minutes, so that the paper is completely impregnated with coffee.
ℹ️ Go generously on the coffee so you do not have to do both odds. If not, simply do step 2 on both sides.
ℹ️ Do not pour hot coffee on the paper. Wait until it cools to reach room temperature at the room where you are.
ℹ️ Drying varies depending on the humidity of the medium on which your paper is dried and the number of coffe you pour on the paper. It takes between 2 and 12 hours maximum to have a completely dry paper.
⚠️ Pay attention to hair, dust ... etc. This can disturb the impregnation of coffee.
✔️ Download PICTURES by L.Guidali : www.dropbox.com/sh/9fboaw8ev3r8nxi/AABPk_iz-zvB-snpDKlRtr...
✔️ Download PDF by L.Guidali : www.dropbox.com/s/nasg7i102o1q8jw/How%20to%20Make%201%20-...
✔️ Download VIDEO by L.Guidali : www.dropbox.com/s/9njyney79cq72tu/How%20to%20Make%201%20%...
🏆 Difficulty : Very Easy (Level 1 )
🎓 Skills : No special skills needed
️ Senses : 👀 Vision 👆 To Touch 💃 Proprioception
👩🏫 Intelligences : Kinesthetic Body Intelligence
🔢 Intelligence Logic Mathematics
💡 Imagination
🙇 State of Mind : 😶 Focus
😔 Patient
🤔 Perfectionist
️ Tools : 🔨 3
🔨 Coffee (Cold)
🔨 Brush
🔨 White Paper
⚠️ The materials used for the making, are not a standard for the making you make.You can use any other type of tools.
⚠️ Some steps may be repetitive or unnecessary. because you can already perform the step, or simply, is not suited to your current tools, your tastes ... etc. Please demonstrate understanding about repetitiveness or innutility according to your wishes of certain steps.
📋 WHAT :
🔨How To Make {1} Step by Step (1 Minute)
🌟 Parchment With a White Sheet and Coffee
💫 Paper/Parchment World
🌌 Stationery Galaxy
✨ Making Universe
📝 Type : Making of Parchment (📝Paper & ⚗️Liquid)
🎨 Style : How To Make Parchment With a White Paper and Coffee
️ Language : International (🇬🇧 description and steps in English, but comprehensible by the whole world)
️ You can use your playlists as filters, to find what you're looking for exactly : www.youtube.com/channel/UCb1N-vNT8Y1-qx0PdlvLRpg/playlists
⚠️ The items are sorted by the most appropriate categories. But can not be completely exhaustive on social networks. You can use our site or our application. If you want total exhaustiveness and much more.
📖 HOW MUCH :
👣 2 Steps
🔥 2 Actions
✔️ 5 Experience Points
️ 3 tools
️ 3 Senses
👩🏫 3 Intelligences
🙇 3 State of Mind
WHO :
🔨 Maked by LG
🎥 Filmed by LG : Samsung Galaxy S7
📡 Posted by LG
️ Video made by LG (Windows Movie Maker 2017)
© Etoile Copyright (Making)
© Ikson (Music)
🎵 Music Used Ikson - Together
Support Ikson :
ℹ️ How to use music : iksonmusic.wordpress.com/
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🎼 Music promoted 📂 by eMotion
️ Video Link : youtu.be/m8ugJ-qH1I8
⚠️ The description may no longer be up to date. Due to human discoveries and improvements. Pay attention to the date of publication and creation. Even works of art suffer the outrages of time
❓ WHY : Learn How To Make Parchment With a White Paper and Coffee
📍 WHERE : Pontault Combault (🇫🇷 France)
🕓 WHEN : 4 December 2017
⌚ Duration : 10 Minutes Minimum ~ 12 Hours Maximum
⚠️ The duration depends on the performance and tools used by the author. That is why this is indicated from the minimum to the maximum
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v.2.001
Foto scattata da mia madre Maria Lavinia Bovelli (1938 - 1992) nell'estate del 1966 durante le vacanze in campeggio a Mellieha sull'isola di Malta. Esattamente ci troviamo a Mellieha in Triq Ġnien Ingraw all'angolo con Triq is-Santwarju, l'edificio sulla destra è chiaramente riconoscibile anche se è stato ridipinto, come è anche lo stesso anche il panorama sul fondo. Per il resto è stato tutto trasformato da edificazioni successive. it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melleha
www.google.it/maps/@35.9611695,14.3593271,3a,90y,357.19h,...
Da una serie di diapositive trovate da mia sorella Daniela. Scansionate e ritoccate con photoshop.
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Photo taken by my mother Maria Lavinia Bovelli (1938 - 1992) in the summer of 1966, during the vacation in camping at Mellieha in the isle of Malta. Exactly we are in Mellieha in Triq Ġnien Ingraw on the corner with Triq is-Santwarju, the building on the right is clearly recognizable even if it has been repainted. The panorama on the background is also recognizable. For the rest everything has been transformed by successive edifications.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellie%C4%A7a
www.google.it/maps/@35.9611695,14.3593271,3a,90y,357.19h,...
From a series of slides found by my sister Daniela. Scanned and retouched with photoshop.
Anonymous, after an engraving after Claude-Joseph Vernet's (1714-1789) landscape titled variously:
"Landscape With Broken Rocks"
"Paisaje Quebrado"
"Vue des Environs de Rome: Le Torrent"
"Paysage"
Watercolor, pencil and wash on wove paper
12.2 x 16.5 cm drawing
13.4 x 18.6 sheet
At top: "Vernet" in cursive script
At bottom: "Paysage" in cursive script and below that "C." All annotations in pencil.
On the back is erased text in pencil that appears to be the dimensions of the watercolor.
Provenance: Noordermarkt flea market, Amsterdam, about 2011.
The artist is anonymous. It is not in Vernet's style and is much smaller than the watercolors he did as studies and preparatory sketches. Also, wove paper didn't exist until the
1780s, at the end of Vernet's life and well after he did these landscapes. The same artist may have also done the other watercolor (next one over), after "The Cascatelles of
Tivoli and the villa of Maecenas (1750)." It's in a different drawing style but is the same size, on same type of paper, and has a letter at the bottom ("B" under
"Cascatelles").
It is a copy after Plate #160, "Le Torrent," in Galerie du Musée Napoléon Vol.3 (of 11), published 1804 by Antoine Michel Filhol (the museum guide was publiched through 1813).
The plate is an engraving by Jean Desaulx after a drawing by Flemish artist Albert Gregorius. On the engraving, which is the same size as the watercolor, "Vernet" appears above
the image and "Paysage" appears below it, as it does in the engraving.
The work on which the engraving is based sits in The Museo Nacional del Prado under the name Paisaje Quebrado, dated around 1750, with dimensions 98 x 136 cm.
The authoritative "Joseph Vernet Peintre De Marine 1714 - 1789 - Etude Critique Suivie D'Un Catalogue Raisonné De Son Oeuvre Peint Avec Trois Cent Cinquante-Sept Reproductions"
by Florence Ingersoll-Smouse (1926) (shout-out to The Rijksmuseum Library!) lists the work as #462 (plate 112): "Vue des Environs de Rome: Le Torrent." It cites the Louvre's
catalog #620 (no date given, inventory #8333-3908), and the size 101 x 135 cm . However, the Louvre doesn't list this in its collection's online database. Ingersoll-Smouse says
the painting has been at the Musée Fontainebleau since 1889, but their current catalog doesn't list it either. Another catalog, compiled by Philip Conisbee in 1976 for a London
exhibition, corrects a lot of errors in Ingersoll-Smouse, but only for the shown works works, which don't include this one. Vernet painted many copies and versions of his more
popular works like Cascades of Tivoli, but they all seem to be documented. Unless the Fontainebleau has Le Torrent stashed away somewhere, this is another mistake by Ingersoll-
Smouse.
The watercolor is definitely a copy of the engraving, which is missing a flight of birds in the sky top left and a figure from the original painting--a washerwoman standing on
the rock to the left of the half-reclining woman. On the other hand, the standing man telling a story to the wo seated figures in the left foreground are clear in the watercolor
and engraving but barely appear in the painting (as displayed by the Prado's website), as if they were nearly removed by cleaning.
This sketch looks more finished than does the one for "Cascatelles," based on another engraving (#58) from the Galerie du Musée Napoléon (in Vol. 1), also the 1804 edition.
********
The only provenance the Prado gives Paisaje Quebrado is their own inventory of 1814-1818. Ditto another Vernet work in their collection, Vista de Sorrento ("Italian Gondola").
In 1781, the Prince of Asturias (later King Carlos IV of Spain) commissioned six artworks, not including Paisaje Quebrado or Italian Gondola, to decorate El Escorial, his
residence. The Prado notes this for the three of those original works it still has. Two more works donated late in the 20th century round out the Prado's Vernet collection. The
Prado's website lists all five, though Ingersoll-Smouse lists yet two more works. According to Vernet's letters in 1781, French King Louis XVI, as a goodwill gesture to the
Asturian prince, gave him two Vernet landscapes from the royal collection. The gifted works are described in some detail, but neither description fits the Paisaje or Italian
Gondola, let alone the commissioned works.
During the Revolution and under the Directorate, the Louvre became one of Europe's first public museums, displaying the treasures of France's vanquished foes were publicly
displayed for the glory of the country and the cultural edification of the people. Emperor Napoleon expanded both policies, systematically looting the best art of Europe,
apointing special military squads to collect and convey the works to Paris in Roman-style triumphs. High on the list were the treasurs of antiquity and the Renaissance, as well
as German and Flemish artists. Evidently, important French works were also sought, in order to recover them from private collections scattered throughout Europe. The palace of
the Louvre, mostly neglected since the building of Versailles, became the new home of all this plunder, carried into Paris in Roman-style triumphs.
Napoleon's first advisor, Jean-Baptiste Wicar, oversaw the looting of the Netherlands and Italy, including also the Papal States. Thus in 1795, during the invasion of the
Netherlands, France carried off the collection of Willem V, some 10,000 works, among them The Cascatelles of Tivoli. Ingersoll-Smouse places it in the Louvre until 1815.
In 1802, Napoleon appointed Dominique-Vivant (Baron) Denon, who had accompanied him in his Egyptian campaign in 1798, director of the Musée Napoléon in 1802. Denon would attend
to the looting of Spain in 1808/9 and 1813. The Escorial was specifically targeted.
In 1808, during France's invasion of Spain that installed Napoleon's brother Joseph on the throne, the French army looted the Escorial, including also the Vernets. The Spanish
Royal collection was destined for the Musee Napoleon, but Joseph managed to keep it in Spain, arguing for a regional branch of the Imperial museum. Despite holding Madrid and
other major cities, France never really controlled the country, so in 1813, Napoleon finally demanded the art be sent to France. It was in transit when Joseph unwisely engaged
the Duke of Wellington's army in Vitoria. In the ensuing rout, Joseph fled with a collection of Spanish jewels that would eventually finance his comfortable retirement in New
Jersey. Despite the 1815 Congress of Vienna specifically calling for repatriation of stolen artwork, the first peace treaty to do so. The Duke of Wellington ended up with some
12 paintings from the Spanish collection, many of which can be seen in his onetime residence Apsley House, London. It includes one of the six Escorial commissions. The other two
have been lost. The French royal gifts have apparently also been lost.
Since Paisaje Quebrado was in the Musee Napoleon as of 1804, it was probably awarded to Spain as compensation for one of the lost works. Likewise, Italian Gondola / Vista de
Sorrento, from France's stock of Vernets. These would make up for two of the Escorial paintings if not the gifts from Louis XVI.
The Apsley House catalog says the Spanish royal collection once included
12 paintings, and it gives a good explanation (war and looting) for the confusion over the Spanish collection.
***
Before I found out that the watercolor is based on the Napoleon Museum catalog engraving and not on the original painting, I spent a lot of time trying to work out how the watercolorist could have had access to both paintings, preferably without having to travel between Madrid and The Hague. Given the sheer volume of art looted by France post-Revolution and and under Napoleon, I figured the two paintings could have both been in the Louvre until 1815, Cascatelles in French hands since 1795 and Paisaje since about 1811 (actually it was in the French inventory until being awarded to Spain in 1815). That would have given my anonymous artist a 20-year window to paint both watercolors, in Paris.
I could never back up my theory, which the existence of the Napoleon catalog renders unnecessary anyway, but I may have been right about the paintings. If Spain only got Paisaje in 1815, as compensation for the other paintings lost to plunder--and Paisaje does have a Louvre inventory number--then it and Cascatelles were both in Paris for Gregorius to have sketched them for engraving, sometime between 1801 and 1805. The possibility that these watercolors are Gregorius's sketches for the engravings is unlikely, because there are no other such sketches, at least online, since he is better known for portraits of notables.
Saint-Stephen Cathedral Metz, France, is a Rayonnant Gothic edifice built with the local yellow Jaumont limestone. Like in French Gothic architecture, the building is compact, with slight projection of the transepts and subsidiary chapels. However, it displays singular, distinctive characteristics in both its ground plan and architecture compared to most of the other cathedrals. Because of topography of Moselle valley in Metz, the common west-east axis of the ground plan could not be applied and the church is oriented north-northeast. Moreover, unlike the French and German Gothic cathedrals having three portals surmounted by a rose window and two large towers, Saint-Stephen of Metz has a single porch at its western facade. One enters laterally in the edifice by another portal placed at the south-western side of the narthex, declining the usual alignment of the entrance with the choir. The nave is supported by flying buttresses and culminates at 41.41 metres high, making one of the highest naves in the world. The height of the nave is contrasted by the relatively low height of the aisles with 14.3 metres high, reinforcing the sensation of tallness of the nave. This feature permitted the architects to create large, tall expanses of stained glass. Through its history, Saint-Stephen Cathedral was subjected to architectural and ornamental modifications with successive additions of Neoclassical and Neogothic elements.
The edification of Saint-Stephen of Metz took place on an Ancient site from the 5th century. The construction of the Gothic cathedral began in 1220 within the walls of an Ottonian basilica dating from the 10th century. The integration into the cathedral's ground plan of a Gothic chapel from the 12th century at the western end resulted in the absence of a main western portal; the south-western porch of the cathedral being the entrance of the former chapel. The work was completed around 1520 and the new cathedral was consecrated on 11 April 1552. In 1755, French architect Jacques-François Blondel was awarded by the Royal Academy of Architecture to built a Neoclassical portal at the West end of the cathedral. He disengaged the cathedral's facade by razing an adjacent cloister and three attached churches and achieved the westwork in 1764. In 1877, the Saint-Stephen of Metz was heavily damaged after a conflagration due to fireworks. After this incident, it was decided the refurbishment of the cathedral and its adornments within a Neogothic style. The western facade was completely rebuilt between 1898 and 1903; the Blondel's portal was demolished and a new Neogothic portal was added.
Down the hill from Challock and Kings Wood, sitting on the junction of two ancient high roads, but now split in half by the A20, Charing is delightful.
It is nine years perhaps since I was last here. I took two shots outside, and four inside.
How could I have been so blind?
Charing is a tangle of narrow lanes and timber framed houses, with the church at the end of a narrow lane which ends in what used to be the market place. To the north of the square sits what used to be the Bishop's Palace, still an impressive collection of buildings, although now a private dwelling and a farm.
I found the church open, and was first struck by its fine decoration and impressive size.
------------------------------------------
A large church beautifully positioned next to the remains of the medieval Archbishop's Palace just off the High Street. The west tower was built in the late fifteenth century. During its construction the body of the church was destroyed in an accidental fire - started by a man shooting at pigeons on the roof. The replacement roofs are clearly dated on the tie-beams as 1592 and 1620. A fine early seventeenth-century pulpit and nice collection of eighteenth-century tablets add much to the character of the building. The south nave window is a very strange shape, basically square, with four lights of equal height surmounted by a net of elaborate triangles, quatrefoils and, unusually, an octofoil! It is of fourteenth-century date.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Charing
--------------------------------------------
CHARING
IS the adjoining parish to Westwell north-westward. It is written in Domesday, Cheringes, and in other antient records, Cerringes and Cherring.
It lies partly below and partly above the upper range of chalk hills, where there is much woodland. It is a healthy, though not a very pleasant situation, from the nature of the soils in it, all which are but poor; about the town or village, and to the summit of the hill it is chalky; above the hill a red cludgy earth covered with slints, and below the town mostly a sand. At the western boundary, next to Lenham, is Charing heath; it is watered by several small streamlets, which rising near the foot of the hills, direct their course southward into the Stour, which runs towards Ashford just below the boundary of it. The village, or town of Charing, as it is more usually called, stands at the foot of the hill, called from it Charing-hill, over which the high road leads through it from Faversham, through Smarden and Biddenden, and thence to Cranbrooke and Tenterden in the Weald. The high road likewise from Ashford, since the new turnpike has been completed, is made by new cuts to pass through this town and Lenham, instead of its former more southern circuit by Chilson park and Sandway towards Maidstone, shortening its distance considerably. Notwithstanding these roads, there is no great matter of traffic through it, the town is unpaved, and has a clean countryfied look, there is a good house in it, formerly belonging to the Poole's, whose arms were, Azure, a lion rampant, argent, semee, of fleur de lis, or. Afterwards to Dr. Ludwell, who bore for his arms, Gules, on a bend, argent, three eagles, azure, between two castles of the second; and then to the Carter's, one of whom sold it to George Norwood, esq. who resides in it. Not far from it is an antient mansion, which has been modernized formerly, called Peirce-house, now belonging to Mr. James Wakeley, who resides in it; at a small distance from the street eastward is the ruinated palace, the church and the vicarage, a pleasant habitable dwelling.
There are large ruins of the archiepiscopal palace still remaining; the antient great gateway to it is now standing, and much of the sides of the court within it, on the east side of which seems to have been the dining-room, the walls of which remain, and it is converted into a barn. On the opposite side to this are many of the offices, now made into stables. Fronting the great gateway above-mentioned, seems to have been the entrance into the palace itself, part of which, on the east side, is fitted up as a dwelling-house, at the back of which, northward, are the remains of the chapel, the walls of which are standing entire, being built of squared stone, mixed with slints; on the side wall of it are three windows, with pointed arches, and at the east end a much larger one, of the same form. Sir Nicholas Gilborne, hereafter mentioned, as having resided here in king James I.'s reign, was son of William Gilborne, esq. of London, who lies buried in St. Catherine's Creechurch, London, descended from the Gilbornes, of Ereswike, in Yorkshire, and bore for their arms, Azure, on a chevron, or, three roses gules, within a bordure of the second. (fn. 1) Sir Nicholas had two sons and several daughters; one of whom, Anne, married Charles Wheler, esq. of Tottenham, grandfather of Sir George Wheler, D. D. and prebendary of Durham, the purchaser afterwards of this manor and palace, as will be further mentioned.
The two sairs which were granted in the 21st year of king Henry VI. are now held on April 29, and October 29, for horses, cattle, and pedlary.
The parish has in it the boroughs of Town, Sandpit, East Lenham, part of Field, and Acton.
Several of our antiquaries have supposed the Roman station, mentioned in the 2d iter of Antonine by the name of Durolevum, corruptly for Durolenum, to have been in this neighbourhood; and Dr. Plot mentions his discovery of a Roman way, which seemed to have passed the Medway at Teston, and crossing Cocksheath, pointed towards Lenham hither. Most of those who have contended for this station having been hereabouts, have fixed it at Lenham. Only two of them, Mr. Talbot and Dr. Stukeley, after much hesitation, where to place it, were for its having been here at Charing; the latter founded his opinion on the Roman antiquities, which he says, have been found all about here, which Horsley accounts for, from a supposition of this having been only a notilia way, and indeed there is but little, if any, foundation for any supposition that the station above-mentioned was here at Charing; that it was a notitia way, there is great reason to suppose, as has been already mentioned before, in the description of Lenham, to which may be added, that there is in this parish, about a mile S. S. W. from the town a hamlet called Stone-street, a name, which is a certain indication of its note in former times.
Mr. Jacob, in his Plantœ Favershamienses, has taken notice of several scarce plants in this parish, to which account the reader is referred from them.
There was a family who took their name from this parish, one of whom, Adam de Cherringes, was excommunicated by archbishop Becket, and, as it should seem, to blot out the heinousness of this offence, afterwards, in the time of archbishop Baldwin, the next successor but one to Becket, founded an hospital for leprous persons, at Romney, in honour of St. Stephen and St. Thomas Becket.
Anno 26 Edward I. the king granted licence to shut up a high road leading from Charing to Ashford.
¶The vulgar tradition, that Charing cross, in Westminster, was so called from a cross, which once stood on the summit of the hill here, which being taken from hence, was carried and set up there, is entirely without foundation; for the cross, which stood where the figure of king Charles on horseback now is at Charing-cross, in the centre of the three highways, as was then usual, was made and erected there in the year 1292, anno 21 Edward I. in that village which long before had been called Cheringes, and Charing, but which afterwards was universally called, from thence, Charing-cross. (fn. 2)
CHARING is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of its own name, and is exempt from the jurisdiction of the archdeacon.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, is a handsome building, consisting of one isle and a transept, a high chancel and one small one on the south side of it. The tower, having a small beacon turret at one corner, is at the west end. There is only one bell in it. This tower was begun to be built of stone (for it was before of wood) at the latter end of king Edward IV.'s reign, as appears by the several legacies to the rebuilding of it, in the wills in the Prerogative-office, Canterbury, from 1479 to 1545, about which time only it seems to have been finished. On the stonework at the outside of it, are the arms of Brent, and a coat, being a star of many points, still remaining. In the year 1590 this church was consumed by fire, to the very stones of the building, which happened from a gun discharged at a pidgeon, then upon the roof of it; by which the windows and gravestones of the family of Brent were desaced. John Brent, sen. of Charing, in 1501, was buried in this church, before the door of the new chapel of the blessed Virgin Mary, where no burial had as yet been; and Amy Brent, of Charing, gentlewoman, by will in 1516, was buried within that chapel of her own edification. This chapel, now called Wickins chancel, was much defaced by the fire as above-mentioned. In the south cross was Burleigh chantry, mentioned before, which being burnt down in 1590, was repaired by John Darell, esq. of Calehill, then proprietor of it, whose arms are on the pews of it, as mentioned below. In king Richard II.'s time, the block on which St. John the Baptist was said to have been beheaded, was brought into England, and kept in this church. In the high chancel is a memorial for Samuel Belcher, gent. of Charing, obt. 1756, æt. 6l. and for his two wives. In the little chancel, now called Wickins chancel, are memorials for the Nethersoles and Derings; in the middle isle, for Peirce, Henman, and Ludwell; in the north cross monuments for Sir Robert Honywood, of Pett, and the Sayer family; in the south cross, memorials for Mushey Teale, M.D. in 1760, and for Mary his wife; his arms, Azure, a cockatrice regardant, sable; in chief, three martlets of the second. The pews in it are of oak, and much ornamented at their ends next the space with carvework, among which are these arms, a coat quarterly, first and sourth, A lion rampant, crowned; second, A fess indented, in chief, three mullets; third, Three bugle-horns stringed, impaling a fess, between three cross-croslets, fitchee. Another, Three bugle-horns stringed. Another, A lion rampant, crowned, or. Another, the crest of a Saracen's head, 1598.
The church of Charing was antiently appendant to the manor, and was part of the possessions of the see of Canterbury, to which it was appropriated before the 8th year of king Richard II. and it remained with it till archbishop Cranmer, anno 37 Henry VIII. granted that manor, and all his estates within this parish, and the advowsons of this rectory and vicarage, to the king; (fn. 10) and these advowsons remained in the crown till Edward VI. granted them, together with the advowson of the chapel of Egerton, and other premises in Essex, in exchange, in his first year, to the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, London. In which state they continue at this time, the dean and chapter of St. Paul's being now proprietors of this rectory appropriate, together with the advowson of the vicarage of this church.
¶King Henry VIII. in his 38th year, demised this rectory, and the chapel of Egerton, to Leonard Hetherington, gent. for twenty-one years, and the lease of it continued in his descendants till one of them sold his interest in it, in king James I.'s reign. to John Dering, esq. of Egerton, but by some means, long before his death in 1618, it had passed into the possession of Edward, lord Wotton. How long it continued in his family I have not found; but it afterwards was demised to the family of Barrell, of Rochester, with whom the demise of it remained for many years; and in one of their delcendants it remained down to the Rev. Edmund Marthall, vicar of this parish, who died in 1797, possessed of the lease of it.
This vicarage is valued in the king's books at thirteen pounds, and the yearly tenths at 1l. 6s. and is now of the clear yearly certified value of seventy-two pounds. In 1588 it was valued at fifty pounds. Communicants three hundred and twenty-six. In 1640, at eighty pounds. Communicants three hundred and seventy; and in 1700 it was valued at one hundred and ten pounds.
In 1535 this church was accounted a sinecure, which accounts for its having been formerly called a prebend.
Oneness Pentecostalism (doctrine)
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It has been suggested that Oneness vs Trinity be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)
This list of basic Oneness Pentecostal doctrine is an overview. These doctrines are UPCI specific, and can be interpreted more conservatively or liberally with respect to individual and church specific views. These doctrines are accompanied by references to most, but not all, scriptures officially used by Oneness Pentecostal churches in defense of their doctrines. [1]
Oneness Pentecostal theology is essentially rooted in the following fundamentalist beliefs:
* God exists and is perfect.
* The Holy Bible is the inspired Word of God.
* The absolute inerrancy of the Holy Bible (not necessarily including any or all translations).
* Sola Scriptura (Scripture interprets Scripture), which also leads to the following assertions by Oneness Pentecostalism in framing its theology:
o The Bible is the final authority on all doctrine.
o Doctrine and Theology must take the entire Bible into consideration, using Scripture to interpret other Scripture.
o Any apparent contradictions between Scriptures is a result of faulty interpretation of one or both Scriptures.
o Any doctrine, theology, or person that contradicts the Bible is in error.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 God
o 1.1 Father, Son, and Holy Ghost
o 1.2 The Deity of Jesus Christ
o 1.3 The Name of Jesus (Emmanuel, God with us as Savior)
* 2 Salvation
o 2.1 Salvation Is through Faith
o 2.2 Obeying (Applying) the Gospel
o 2.3 Repentance
o 2.4 Water Baptism
o 2.5 The Baptism of the Holy Ghost
* 3 References
[edit] God
Oneness Doctrine Churches hold to a conservative monotheistic view of God and stress Jesus Christ as the self revelation of God in the New Testament, who was known as Jehovah in the Old Testament. The Christian Monotheist Oneness doctrine rejects all concepts of a duality, trinity, pantheon, or other doctrines they see as representing multiple personalities of God. It rejects all concepts of Jesus Christ as anything different than being both fully God and fully man. This rejection includes views that would place the Son as only part of God, views that the Son is only a high priest and not God, or that the Son was not fully human. It declares that Jesus Christ is the only begotten Son of God. Oneness also rejects the view that any person can "obtain" the status of God either by works or by grace, maintaining that Jesus Christ did not "obtain" His status, but rather that he is God manifested in the flesh (1st Timothy 3:16).
Oneness specifically maintains:
God is One
God is absolutely and indivisibly One. [2]
God is an Invisible Spirit
God is not made of a physical body, but is an invisible spirit that can only be seen in Theophanies (eg. the burning bush) that God creates or manifests or as the incarnate Jesus Christ. [3]
[edit] Father, Son, and Holy Ghost
The Father
The title of God in Parental Relationship [4]
The Son of God
The only begotten Son of God and the One God incarnate in man. The title "Son" refers to both the man and the deity of Jesus Christ with specific emphasis on the man, but never God or the man only. [5]
The Holy Spirit
The title of God in activity as Spirit. [6]
The Father Is the Holy Ghost
Oneness maintains that the titles Father and Holy Ghost refer to the same being. [7]
[edit] The Deity of Jesus Christ
Jesus is God Incarnate
Oneness maintains that Jesus is fully God. [8]
From the Beginning of His Human Life
Oneness maintains that Jesus is fully man, and had birth, death, and resurrection. Oneness denies doctrines that state that the Son was eternally begotten, maintaining that the man was begotten on a specific day.[9]
The Divine Nature of Jesus Is the Father
Oneness maintains that the deity of Jesus is the Father. [10]
The Divine Nature of Jesus Is the Holy Spirit
Oneness maintains that the deity of Jesus is the Holy Ghost. [11]
Jesus is LORD (the LORD in the KJV)
Oneness maintains that LORD and Jesus refer to the same God who is also known as the Jehovah to "some" modern day Christians. [12]. Some believe Jehovah to be a false guess name with "hovah" in Hebrew meaning ruin or destruction, hence Je-hovah meaning God of ruin or destruction [13]
[edit] The Name of Jesus (Emmanuel, God with us as Savior)
Supreme Revelation of God in the New Testament
Oneness maintains that God revealed Himself as Jesus Christ. [14]
The Saving Name
Oneness Pentecostal theology is based primarily on "the saving Name" of Jesus Christ and recognition of Jesus as the revealed, supreme, and One True Name of God. [15]
[edit] Salvation
Oneness Pentecostal doctrine and theology maintains that salvation comes by a specific set of commands and requirements in the New Testament. It maintains that each set of requirements, as summarized by faith in Jesus Christ, repentance, water baptism by immersion in the name of Jesus Christ, and the gift of the Holy Ghost baptism, are all necessary for salvation. Each that is deemed a requirement, or necessary, is noted by their doctrine with Scripture that maintains that each was commanded for salvation and/or explained that the lack of them would result in not having salvation. Individual church interpretation can impact how these are carried out. Most Oneness Pentecostal churches maintain that the use of Jesus, Lord Jesus, Jesus Christ, Jesus Christ of Nazareth all refer to the same name, and reference the variety used in the Book of Acts. This allows room in their doctrine for personal preference of the specific utterance of the name of Jesus Christ, though officially the full name "Jesus Christ" is advocated.
Universal Need for Salvation
Oneness Pentecostals believe that all men are sinners and lost without salvation. [16]
The Atoning Work of Jesus Christ
Oneness Pentecostals maintain that the man Christ Jesus made atonement, or payment, for the sins of all people. [17]
Salvation Is by Grace
Oneness Pentecostal theology holds that salvation is impossible to obtain without God's grace. [18]
[edit] Salvation Is through Faith
Only Through Faith in Jesus Christ
Faith must be in Jesus Christ. This theology holds that there is no salvation in faith in any name, god, being, or work other than Jesus Christ. This contradicts liberal interpretations of scripture that salvation was given automatically by the atonement of Jesus Christ. Oneness Pentecostals maintain that those without faith in Jesus Christ have not received salvation. That salvation is a gift and must be received. [19]
Saving Faith Includes Obedience
Oneness Pentecostals maintain that true faith is followed by obedience and a willingness to do the Will of God.[20]
Examples of Insufficient, Mental Faith
Oneness Pentecostals reject that salvation is obtainable by what they refer to as "mental faith". Mental faith is best described as faith that has no accompanying actions other than the barest definition of believing. Mental faith is often characterized by Oneness Pentecostals as faith without any life changing repentance or obedience. This doctrine is often used to refute groups who practice salvation by the "Sinner's Prayer". Oneness Pentecostals have no issue with the "Sinner's Prayer" itself, but would dispute that it alone is sufficient saving faith. They often argue that upon questioning, a significant portion of the US population might say they believe in Jesus Christ, but that "belief" and "faith" are not necessarily synonymous, pointing out in James 2:19 that even "the devils also believe, and tremble". [21]
Saving Faith Includes the Acts 2:38 Experience
Oneness Pentecostals affirm a position that "true faith" includes acts of faith and obedience to faith. They specifically point out Acts 2:38 which says, "Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost." They maintain that if a person has true faith, they will act on it.[22]
[edit] Obeying (Applying) the Gospel
New Testament Teaching
To obtain salvation, a person must meet the requirements set forth in the New Testament. [23]
Old Testament Typology (Blood, Water, Fire or Oil)
The requirements set forth in the New Testament are based on the teachings of the Old Testament, and that the New Testament teachings fulfill the teachings of the Old Testament. [24]
[edit] Repentance
Necessity of Repentance
Oneness Pentecostals maintain that salvation is not possible without repentance. [25]
Elements of Repentance
Oneness Pentecostals define repentance generally as confession and forsaking of sin. Confession is the admittance of sin and asking of forgiveness. Forsaking of sin is the conscious decision to abstain from sinning again.[26]
[edit] Water Baptism
Significance and Necessity
The majority of Oneness Pentecostals believe that baptism is absolutely essential to salvation. A small minority believe that baptism is symbolic in nature.(Reference Global Network of Christian Ministries) [27]
For Repentant Believers
Oneness Pentecostals believe that one must have faith and repent before being baptized. This would contradict a view that salvation could come through a baptism by force.[28]
The Baptismal Mode - Immersion in Water
Oneness Pentecostal theology maintains the literal definition of baptism, being full immersion in water. They often point out that other methods have either no biblical basis, or are based inexact Old Testament rituals, and that their mode is the only one described in the New Testament. This view contradicts the use of any other substance other than water for baptism. This view contradicts any reduced amount of water in baptism, such as sprinkling or head-only immersion. [29]
The Baptismal Formula - In the Name of Jesus
Oneness Pentecostal theology in the use of "the name of Jesus" as the baptismal formula is universal among its believers by definition of Oneness Pentecostalism. [30]
The One Name in Matthew 28:19
Many Oneness Pentecostals recognize "the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost" in Matthew 28:19 as being that of Lord Jesus Christ. Oneness itself is often explained (in simplistic terms) as the recognition of the three titles as the singular name of Lord Jesus Christ (Father=Lord, Son=Jesus, and Holy Ghost=Christ). Some Oneness reject the triune Lord Jesus Christ representing the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost and baptize in the name of Jesus Christ only. These are called "Jesus Only". They note that in their own 20th century history, the baptismal name recognition and Oneness theology go hand in hand. Similarly, they note a universal use in the Book of Acts, and with the support of other historical texts of the time, maintain that proof of Oneness theology by the early Christian church was widespread and universal among the leading members. Also of note is that by their doctrinal basis that no Scripture contradicts, that Matthew 28:19, and all of the Acts accounts, including Acts 2:38, must be in full agreement with each other. They state that the only two explanations would be that the Apostles all disobeyed the command in Matthew 28:19 or that they correctly interpreted and fulfilled it, when they used the name Lord Jesus Christ. [31]
[edit] The Baptism of the Holy Ghost
Promise and Command
Pentecostals maintain that the baptism of the Holy Ghost is both a free gift and is commanded to be accepted. The Holy Ghost is explained by Pentecostal doctrine as the Spirit of God (also known as the Spirit of Christ) dwelling within a person. It is further explained as the power of God to edify (build up) the person, help them abstain from sin, and to anoint them with power to exercise the gifts of the Spirit for edification of the church in the Will of God. This differs from the incarnation of God in Jesus Christ, in that the incarnation is explained as "the fullness of the Godhead" in the body of Jesus Christ inseparably linking the deity and man, that is Jesus. Believers, according to this doctrine, can only receive a portion of the Spirit and are not permanently bonded with God as Jesus is. This doctrine explained most simply, it is God dwelling within an individual, communing with the individual, and working through that individual. Oneness doctrine maintains the Holy Ghost is the title of God in action, so they also maintain that the Holy Ghost in an individual is God in action in and through that individual. [32]
An Experience for the Church Founded on Pentecost
Pentecostals, both Oneness and Trinitarian, maintain that the Holy Ghost experience marks the formation of the Christian Church. [33]
Significance and Necessity
Pentecostal churches maintain that the Holy Ghost is necessary for salvation, and that he carries with him power for the believer to accomplish the Will of God. [34]
Speaking in Tongues Is the Initial Sign
The majority of Oneness Pentecostals maintain that the initial sign of the Holy Ghost is speaking in tongues. They recognize that reception of the Holy Ghost was evidenced, when documented in the New Testament, by the minimal requirement of speaking in tongues. They also recognize a biblical basis that the gift of tongues is a sign to unbelievers of the power of the Holy Ghost and is actively to be prayed for and practiced, especially in prayer. [35]
[edit] References
1. ^ A shortened version compiled from “An Overview of Basic Doctrines”, an overview compiled the book ‘’A Handbook of Basic Doctrines’’ by David K. Bernard. Also included are excerpts, as marked, from “Essential Doctrines of the Bible.” “Essential Doctrines of the Bible” and “An Overview of Basic Doctrines”, Thompson Chain-Reference Study Bible, Word Aflame Press, 1999, 1-12, 13-25, respectively
2. ^ Deuteronomy 6:4, Isaiah 37:16, 42:8, 43:10-11, 44:6, 8, 24, 45:5-6, 14, 18, 21-22, 46:5, 9, 48:11-12, Zechariah 14:9, Malachi 2:10, Mark 12:29, John 17:3, Romans 3:30, Galatians 3:20, I Timothy 2:5, James 2:19, Revelation 4:2
3. ^ Exodus 33:20, Luke 24:39, John 1:18, 4:24, Colossians 1:15, I Timothy 6:15-16, Hebrews 12:9, I John 4:12
4. ^ Deuteronomy 32:6, Malachi 2:10, Psalm 89:26, Isaiah 63:16, 64:8, Jeremiah 31:9, Romans 8:14-19, Galatians 1:1-4, Ephesians 4:6, Hebrews 12:9
5. ^ Psalm 2:7, Isaiah 7:14, 9:6, Matthew 1:18-23, Mark 13:32, Luke 1:35, John 14:10-11, 28, Acts 13:33, Romans 5:10, Galatians 4:4, Colossians 1:13-15, Hebrews 1:1-9
6. ^ Genesis 1:2, Ephesians 4:4, 6, Leviticus 11:44, John 4:24, Acts 5:3, 4, 9, I Corinthians 12:11, I Peter 1:16, II Peter 1:21
7. ^ Matthew 1:18, 20, Isaiah 40:13, Joel 2:27-28, Luke 1:35, Romans 8:15-16, Compare Matthew 10:20 and Mark 13:11, Compare John 14:17 and 14:23, Compare John 14:26 and II Corinthians 1:3-4, Compare I Corinthians 3:16-17 and 6:19, Compare Ephesians 1:17-20 and Romans 8:11, Compare I Timothy 6:13 and Romans 8:11, Compare II Timothy 3:16 and II Peter 1:21 Compare I Peter 1:2 and Jude 1
8. ^ Isaiah 9:6, 11:1, 10, 40:9, John 1:1, 14, Colossians 2:9-10, Micah 5:2, Matthew 1:23, John 1:1-18, John 20:28, II Corinthians 5:19, Ephesians 5:5, Colossians 1:15, 19, I Timothy 3:16, Titus 2:13, Hebrews 1:1-3, I John 5:20, Jude 4, 25, Revelation 1:7-18, 22:3-4, Compare Exodus 20:1-5 and Luke 24:52, Compare Deuteronomy 33:27 and Revelation 1:8, 18, Compare Psalm 139:7-13 and Matthew 18:20, 28:20, Compare Isaiah 35:3-6 and Matthew 11:2-6, Compare Isaiah 43:25 and Mark 2:5-12, Compare Malachi 3:6 and Hebrews 13:8, Compare I John 1:5 and John 1:4-9, Compare Revelation 19:6 and Colossians 1:16-18
9. ^ Galatians 4:4, Micah 5:2, Matthew 1:23, 2:11, Isaiah 7:14, 9:6, Luke 1:35, 2:38, Hebrews 1:6
10. ^ Isaiah 9:6, 63:16, John 8:19-27, 10:30, 10:38, 12:45, 14:8-11, Revelation 21:6-7, Colossians 2:9, I John 3:1-5, Compare John 2:19-21 and Acts 2:24, Compare John 6:40 and I Corinthians 6:14, Compare John 6:44 and John 12:32, Compare John 14:14 and John 16:23, Compare John 16:7 and John 14:26, Compare Ephesians 5:26 and Jude 1
11. ^ John 14:16-18, 16:7, Acts 16:6-7 (NIV), II Corinthians 3:17, Galatians 4:6, Ephesians 3:16-17, Philippians 1:19, Compare Matthew 28:20 and John 14:16, Compare Luke 21:15 and Mark 13:11, Compare John 2:19-21 and Romans 8:9-11, Compare Ephesians 5:26 and I Peter 1:2, Compare Colossians 1:27 and Acts 2:4, 38
12. ^ Jeremiah 23:5-6, 33:15-16, John 8:58, Acts 9:5, Isaiah 40:10, 53:1-2, Zechariah 11:3, 12, 12:1, 10, 14:3-5, Compare Genesis 17:1 and Revelation 1:8, 18, Compare Exodus 3:14 and John 8:56-59, Compare Psalm 27:1 and Acts 4:10-12, Compare Psalm 136:3 and Revelation 19:16, Compare Isaiah 33:22 and Acts 10:42, Compare Isaiah 40:3 and Matthew 3:3, Compare Isaiah 40:5 and I Corinthians 2:8 and Isaiah 42:8, 48:11, Compare Isaiah 45:21 and Acts 7:52, Compare Isaiah 45:23 and Philippians 2:10
13. ^ Strongs #1943
14. ^ Zecharaiah 14:9, John 14:13-14, Colossians 3:17, Isaiah 52:6, Acts 3:6, 16, 4:7-12 17-18, 30, Philippians 2:9-11, James 5:14
15. ^ Matthew 1:21, Acts 3:16, 4:12, 10:43, 15:14-17, 22:16, Romans 10:13, I John 2:12
16. ^ Romans 3:9-12, 23, 5:12, 19, 6:23, Psalm 53:1-3, 130:3, Ecclesiastes 7:20, Jeremiah 17:9, Galatians 3:22, Ephesians 2:1-3, I John 1:8-10
17. ^ Isaiah 53:5-6, Matthew 20:28, 26:28, Romans 3:24-25, 5:8-11, John 1:29, I Corinthians 15:1-4, II Corinthians 5:14-21, Ephesians 2:13-19, Colossians 1:19-22, 2,:13-15, I Timothy 2:5, 6, Hebrews 2:9, 9:22, 28, 10:4, 10-20, Revelation 5:8-10
18. ^ Ephesians 2:4-10, Titus 2:11-12, 3:4-7, Romans 3:24, 6:1-2, 15, 23, I corinthians 15:10, II Corinthians 12:9, Galatians 5:4, Philippians 2:13, Hebrews 12:15, I Peter 5:5, 10
19. ^ John 3:16, 8:24, 20:31, Acts 13:38-39, 16:31, Hebrews 11:6, Romans 1:16-17, 3:21-31, 10:8-11, Galatians 2:16, Ephesians 2:8
20. ^ Romans 1:5, 6:17, 10:16, 16:26, Hebrews 5:9, 11:6-10, 11:28, John 8:30-32, Acts 6:7, James 1:21-25, I Peter 1:21-23, I John 2:3-6, 5:1-8, Compare Romans 4:3 and Genesis 15:6, 22:16-18, 26:5, Compare Romans 10:6-10 and Deuteronomy 30:10-14 and Luke 6:46
21. ^ John 2:23-25, 12:42-43, James 2:14-19, Acts 8:12-23
22. ^ Mark 1:15, 16:16, Acts 2:38, 41, 8:36-39, 11:15, 17, 19:1-6, Galatians 3:14, Ephesians 1:13
23. ^ John 3:5, Acts 1:4-8, 2:38, 8:15-17, 9:17-18, 10:43-48, 16:30-34, 19:1-6, 22:16, Titus 3:5, Matthew 3:11, Luke 24:46-49, Romans 6:1-7, I Corinthians 6:11, 15:1-4, Hebrews 6:1-2, 10:15-23, I John 5:8-10
24. ^ I Corinthians 10:1-2, Exodus 12:13, 14:19-31, 19:10-11, 29:1-7, Leviticus 14:1-20, Numbers 19:1-10, 31:1-18, I Kings 18:33-39, Hebrews 9:18-20, Compare Exodus 40:6-7 and Hebrews 9:1-9, Compare Matthew 3:11 and Acts 2:3-4, Compare John 14:16-17, 26 and I John 2:20, 27, I Peter 3:20-21 and II Peter 3:5-7
25. ^ Luke 3:3-9, 13:1-5, Acts 2:38, 3:19, 17:30, 26:18, 20, Ezekiel 18:30-32, Matthew 3:1-11, Mark 1:15, Hebrews 6:1, II Peter 3:9
26. ^ Psalm 51:17, Proverbs 28:13, Matthew 5:23-24, Mark 1:4-5, Luke 3:7-9, 19:8, Acts 26:18, 20, II Corinthians 7:10
27. ^ Mark 16:16, John 3:5, Acts 2:38, 10:48, 22:16, Galatians 3:27, Numbers 19:1-5, 9, Romans 6:3-4, I Corinthians 6:11, Colossians 2:11-13, Titus 3:5, I Peter 3:20-21, I John 5:6, 8
28. ^ Luke 3:7-8, Acts 2:38, 41, 8:12, 36-37, 10:47-48, 16:14-15, 18:8, 19:5, Matthew 3:6-8, Mark 1:5, 16:16
29. ^ Matthew 3:16, John 3:23, Romans 6:4, Mark 1:5, 9-10, Acts 8:36-39, Colossians 2:12
30. ^ Acts 2:38, 8:12, 16, 10:48, 15:17, 19:3-5, 22:16, I Corinthians 1:13, Galatians 3:27, Philippians 3:27, Colossians 2:9-10, 3:17, James 2:7
31. ^ Matthew 1:21, 28:18-20, Luke 24:47, Isaiah 52:6, Zechariah 14:9, John 5:43, 14:26, Acts 2:38, 8:16, 10:48, 19:3-5, Colossians 3:17, Revelation 22:3-4
32. ^ Matthew 3:11, Acts 1:4-8, 2:38-39, Joel 2:28-29, Mark 15:17-18, Luke 11:13, 24:49, John 3:5, 7:38-39, 14:16-18, 20:22, 16:7, 13
33. ^ Matthew 16:18, John 7:39, 16:17, Acts 1:4-8, 2:1-4, 19:1-6, Hebrews 8:6-13, 9:15-17, 11:39-40, I Peter 10-12
34. ^ John 3:1-8, Acts 1:4-8, 2:1-4, 2:37-39, 3:19, 8:15-17, 9:17, 10:44-47, 11:15-18, 19:1-6, Romans 8:1-16, 23-27, 14:17, I Corinthians 6:11, 12:3, Ephesians 1:13-14, Titus 3:5, I John 3:24
35. ^ Acts 2:1-4, 33, 8:6-8, 12-20, 10:44-46, 11:15, 19:6, Isaiah 28:11-12, Mark 16:17, John 3:8, Romans 8:16, I Corinthians 14:18, 21-22
(further pictures and information you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Chronicle of the parish | parish church | parsonage
Parish Centre | Lourdes Chapel
History of the parish
1187, Wolkersdorf was for the first time as "Wolfkersdorf" in a deed of donatio by Manhard and Ulrich von Hintperch (= Himberg) mentioned. The parish Wolkersdorf appears in 1328 for the first time as a manorial establishment. The parish has always been limited to the local area. Over the centuries, the residents of the parish brought it through diligence and thrift to a modest prosperity. As to infestations, natural disasters and two plague epidemics are mentioned. The parish, located in the eastern border area of Austria, in times of war through occupation and looting had to suffer much. Mention should be made in this respect of the Turkish threat, the incursion of the Swedes during the 30 Years War, the plundering by the French under Napoleon as well as the Prussian army, which had advanced after the defeat of Austria in Hradec Králové in 1866 to the Rußbach (brook); finally the difficult time of the Soviet occupation after the Second World War should be mentioned. By order of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government of 14th November 1968 Wolkersdorf was conferred upon it the town charter. By the archbishop of Vienna the deanery Pillichsdorf on 1st January 1996 was renamed into the deanery Wolkersdorf. The parish has about 3,000 Catholics.
Parish Church
The parish church was built by Stephan von Slaet 1341-1350 and dedicated to Saint Margaret. This small gothic church (9.40 m long, 5.45 m wide, about 9 m high) is the presbytery for the today's parish church. 1727 Emperor Charles VI. the house of God by the Baroque nave had to its present size expanded (21.8 m long, 9.9 m wide, 12.5 m high). Despite the uniform external facade design, the two phases of construction are still recognizable, the Gothic presbytery and the Baroque ship. In 1754 Empress Maria Theresa the tower had built (37 m high).
Interior equipment: When you enter the church through the main gate under the tower, you are received by a bright, in cheerful colors decorated space. In the vertex of the presbytery wall the mighty Habsburg imperial eagle can be seen. The heart shield of the double eagle is surrounded by the insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece and bears the monogram Emperor Charles VI . - CVI. In the claws the eagle holds sword and scepter, while a banner the motto of the Emperor and the year of the expansion of the church shows: "Constantia et Fortitudine" (with steadiness and fortitude) 1727.
The Baroque high altar was built in 1768 in imitation marble. The structure has over the tabernacle yet a Drehtabernakel (revolving tabernacle) for exposure of the Blessed Sacrament. Above it forms a plastic, the apocalyptic Lamb of God representing, flanked by two adoring angels, the conclusion. The retabel structure fits organically into the Gothic choir. Right of the altar is on a high pedestal saint Rochus represented, on the left, in the same way the holy Sebastian. In the middle part is behind the high altar in a picture larger than life the church patron, saint Margaretha represented (the painting is signed "FB 1832" - painter unknown). The saint stands upright and holds in her left hand a cross against the dragon (symbolizing the temptation to apostasy), while Schwurhand (oath hand) and look to our Heavenly Father are elevated, which appears above her. In the right wall of the presbytery there are seating niches with small ribbed vaults in the Gothic style (around 1350) with the coat of arms of the Counts of Nuremberg worked off.
On the side altars are two late Baroque wood-carved figures (1760), saint Joseph and the most blessed Virgin Mary, erected. The pulpit in the Rococo style dates back to 1770. The Stations of the Cross - by Viennese artist Eduard Kerschbaum 1968 of basswood carved - are attached to the side walls of the nave. The organ was built in 1897 by the Viennese organ builder Johann M. Kauffmann as a mechanical cone chests organ with 16 registers.
From the church square the church staircase on a bridge (flying buttress) above the Mittelstraße (central road) leads to the parish church. In 1727, this staircase was decorated with six life-sized Baroque stone sculptures. This is probably an expression of gratitude for the successful baroque church reconstruction under Emperor Charles VI. Initiator of the edification of the saints was the then minister Christoph Leopold Edler von Guarient and Raall. The work was financed by donations from the guilds and by donations from individual citizens.
On the right side of the ascent there are statues
of saint Charles Borromeo, who was regarded as the patron saint against the plague.
of saint John of Nepomuk, who as a "bridge saint" was very revered among the people, and above
of st. Florian, who was popular as a patron of the fire and the forge.
On the left side there are the statues
of st. Joseph, who was called on as a patron for a good hour of death, and as a protector against an unprepared, sudden death,
the Mother of God as immaculately received Virgin who crushes the serpent's head, and above
of saint Leopold, the country's (Lower Austria) patron saint, who is represented as founder of churches and monasteries (church on the right arm).
Vicarage
The vicarage was built around 1727. The building with a Gothic core in 1797 was increased and adapted as parsonage. During the March battles against Napoleon, Emperor Franz I had from 16th May to 6th July 1809 here his headquarters installed. In 1997, the exterior facade was renovated.
Parish centre
By 1970 the parish center was built as a meeting place. Inside is an auditorium and seminar rooms which are used by the parochial groups. The parish center was built from 1971 to 1973 under Pastor Karl Ponweiser as a meeting place. The house is intended for cultural and pastoral events. It is used by all parish groups and for individual events (eg lectures, concerts, theatrical performances, balls) also leased.
Lourdes Chapel
At the point where yet in 1783 a cross was erected "to the glory of God and the consolation of the poor souls", the chapel was built in honor of Our Lady of Lourdes in 1890. 1909 this church was enlarged in the neo-Gothic-Romanesque style, so this first chapel is forming the presbytery for the present chapel.
In the curvature of the chancel 1971 a by Viennese artist Eduard Kerschbaum of basswood carved statue of Mary (1.3 m high) was erected. The statue is carved in the style of "lovely Madonnas" of the Gothic. The Mother of God carries in her right arm the Infant Jesus and in her left hand she holds a bunch of grapes, and she is therefore worshiped as "Wine-Producing Country Madonna", too.
www.pfarre-wolkersdorf.at/frameset.htm?http://www.pfarre-...
Down the hill from Challock and Kings Wood, sitting on the junction of two ancient high roads, but now split in half by the A20, Charing is delightful.
It is nine years perhaps since I was last here. I took two shots outside, and four inside.
How could I have been so blind?
Charing is a tangle of narrow lanes and timber framed houses, with the church at the end of a narrow lane which ends in what used to be the market place. To the north of the square sits what used to be the Bishop's Palace, still an impressive collection of buildings, although now a private dwelling and a farm.
I found the church open, and was first struck by its fine decoration and impressive size.
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A large church beautifully positioned next to the remains of the medieval Archbishop's Palace just off the High Street. The west tower was built in the late fifteenth century. During its construction the body of the church was destroyed in an accidental fire - started by a man shooting at pigeons on the roof. The replacement roofs are clearly dated on the tie-beams as 1592 and 1620. A fine early seventeenth-century pulpit and nice collection of eighteenth-century tablets add much to the character of the building. The south nave window is a very strange shape, basically square, with four lights of equal height surmounted by a net of elaborate triangles, quatrefoils and, unusually, an octofoil! It is of fourteenth-century date.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Charing
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CHARING
IS the adjoining parish to Westwell north-westward. It is written in Domesday, Cheringes, and in other antient records, Cerringes and Cherring.
It lies partly below and partly above the upper range of chalk hills, where there is much woodland. It is a healthy, though not a very pleasant situation, from the nature of the soils in it, all which are but poor; about the town or village, and to the summit of the hill it is chalky; above the hill a red cludgy earth covered with slints, and below the town mostly a sand. At the western boundary, next to Lenham, is Charing heath; it is watered by several small streamlets, which rising near the foot of the hills, direct their course southward into the Stour, which runs towards Ashford just below the boundary of it. The village, or town of Charing, as it is more usually called, stands at the foot of the hill, called from it Charing-hill, over which the high road leads through it from Faversham, through Smarden and Biddenden, and thence to Cranbrooke and Tenterden in the Weald. The high road likewise from Ashford, since the new turnpike has been completed, is made by new cuts to pass through this town and Lenham, instead of its former more southern circuit by Chilson park and Sandway towards Maidstone, shortening its distance considerably. Notwithstanding these roads, there is no great matter of traffic through it, the town is unpaved, and has a clean countryfied look, there is a good house in it, formerly belonging to the Poole's, whose arms were, Azure, a lion rampant, argent, semee, of fleur de lis, or. Afterwards to Dr. Ludwell, who bore for his arms, Gules, on a bend, argent, three eagles, azure, between two castles of the second; and then to the Carter's, one of whom sold it to George Norwood, esq. who resides in it. Not far from it is an antient mansion, which has been modernized formerly, called Peirce-house, now belonging to Mr. James Wakeley, who resides in it; at a small distance from the street eastward is the ruinated palace, the church and the vicarage, a pleasant habitable dwelling.
There are large ruins of the archiepiscopal palace still remaining; the antient great gateway to it is now standing, and much of the sides of the court within it, on the east side of which seems to have been the dining-room, the walls of which remain, and it is converted into a barn. On the opposite side to this are many of the offices, now made into stables. Fronting the great gateway above-mentioned, seems to have been the entrance into the palace itself, part of which, on the east side, is fitted up as a dwelling-house, at the back of which, northward, are the remains of the chapel, the walls of which are standing entire, being built of squared stone, mixed with slints; on the side wall of it are three windows, with pointed arches, and at the east end a much larger one, of the same form. Sir Nicholas Gilborne, hereafter mentioned, as having resided here in king James I.'s reign, was son of William Gilborne, esq. of London, who lies buried in St. Catherine's Creechurch, London, descended from the Gilbornes, of Ereswike, in Yorkshire, and bore for their arms, Azure, on a chevron, or, three roses gules, within a bordure of the second. (fn. 1) Sir Nicholas had two sons and several daughters; one of whom, Anne, married Charles Wheler, esq. of Tottenham, grandfather of Sir George Wheler, D. D. and prebendary of Durham, the purchaser afterwards of this manor and palace, as will be further mentioned.
The two sairs which were granted in the 21st year of king Henry VI. are now held on April 29, and October 29, for horses, cattle, and pedlary.
The parish has in it the boroughs of Town, Sandpit, East Lenham, part of Field, and Acton.
Several of our antiquaries have supposed the Roman station, mentioned in the 2d iter of Antonine by the name of Durolevum, corruptly for Durolenum, to have been in this neighbourhood; and Dr. Plot mentions his discovery of a Roman way, which seemed to have passed the Medway at Teston, and crossing Cocksheath, pointed towards Lenham hither. Most of those who have contended for this station having been hereabouts, have fixed it at Lenham. Only two of them, Mr. Talbot and Dr. Stukeley, after much hesitation, where to place it, were for its having been here at Charing; the latter founded his opinion on the Roman antiquities, which he says, have been found all about here, which Horsley accounts for, from a supposition of this having been only a notilia way, and indeed there is but little, if any, foundation for any supposition that the station above-mentioned was here at Charing; that it was a notitia way, there is great reason to suppose, as has been already mentioned before, in the description of Lenham, to which may be added, that there is in this parish, about a mile S. S. W. from the town a hamlet called Stone-street, a name, which is a certain indication of its note in former times.
Mr. Jacob, in his Plantœ Favershamienses, has taken notice of several scarce plants in this parish, to which account the reader is referred from them.
There was a family who took their name from this parish, one of whom, Adam de Cherringes, was excommunicated by archbishop Becket, and, as it should seem, to blot out the heinousness of this offence, afterwards, in the time of archbishop Baldwin, the next successor but one to Becket, founded an hospital for leprous persons, at Romney, in honour of St. Stephen and St. Thomas Becket.
Anno 26 Edward I. the king granted licence to shut up a high road leading from Charing to Ashford.
¶The vulgar tradition, that Charing cross, in Westminster, was so called from a cross, which once stood on the summit of the hill here, which being taken from hence, was carried and set up there, is entirely without foundation; for the cross, which stood where the figure of king Charles on horseback now is at Charing-cross, in the centre of the three highways, as was then usual, was made and erected there in the year 1292, anno 21 Edward I. in that village which long before had been called Cheringes, and Charing, but which afterwards was universally called, from thence, Charing-cross. (fn. 2)
CHARING is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of its own name, and is exempt from the jurisdiction of the archdeacon.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, is a handsome building, consisting of one isle and a transept, a high chancel and one small one on the south side of it. The tower, having a small beacon turret at one corner, is at the west end. There is only one bell in it. This tower was begun to be built of stone (for it was before of wood) at the latter end of king Edward IV.'s reign, as appears by the several legacies to the rebuilding of it, in the wills in the Prerogative-office, Canterbury, from 1479 to 1545, about which time only it seems to have been finished. On the stonework at the outside of it, are the arms of Brent, and a coat, being a star of many points, still remaining. In the year 1590 this church was consumed by fire, to the very stones of the building, which happened from a gun discharged at a pidgeon, then upon the roof of it; by which the windows and gravestones of the family of Brent were desaced. John Brent, sen. of Charing, in 1501, was buried in this church, before the door of the new chapel of the blessed Virgin Mary, where no burial had as yet been; and Amy Brent, of Charing, gentlewoman, by will in 1516, was buried within that chapel of her own edification. This chapel, now called Wickins chancel, was much defaced by the fire as above-mentioned. In the south cross was Burleigh chantry, mentioned before, which being burnt down in 1590, was repaired by John Darell, esq. of Calehill, then proprietor of it, whose arms are on the pews of it, as mentioned below. In king Richard II.'s time, the block on which St. John the Baptist was said to have been beheaded, was brought into England, and kept in this church. In the high chancel is a memorial for Samuel Belcher, gent. of Charing, obt. 1756, æt. 6l. and for his two wives. In the little chancel, now called Wickins chancel, are memorials for the Nethersoles and Derings; in the middle isle, for Peirce, Henman, and Ludwell; in the north cross monuments for Sir Robert Honywood, of Pett, and the Sayer family; in the south cross, memorials for Mushey Teale, M.D. in 1760, and for Mary his wife; his arms, Azure, a cockatrice regardant, sable; in chief, three martlets of the second. The pews in it are of oak, and much ornamented at their ends next the space with carvework, among which are these arms, a coat quarterly, first and sourth, A lion rampant, crowned; second, A fess indented, in chief, three mullets; third, Three bugle-horns stringed, impaling a fess, between three cross-croslets, fitchee. Another, Three bugle-horns stringed. Another, A lion rampant, crowned, or. Another, the crest of a Saracen's head, 1598.
The church of Charing was antiently appendant to the manor, and was part of the possessions of the see of Canterbury, to which it was appropriated before the 8th year of king Richard II. and it remained with it till archbishop Cranmer, anno 37 Henry VIII. granted that manor, and all his estates within this parish, and the advowsons of this rectory and vicarage, to the king; (fn. 10) and these advowsons remained in the crown till Edward VI. granted them, together with the advowson of the chapel of Egerton, and other premises in Essex, in exchange, in his first year, to the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, London. In which state they continue at this time, the dean and chapter of St. Paul's being now proprietors of this rectory appropriate, together with the advowson of the vicarage of this church.
¶King Henry VIII. in his 38th year, demised this rectory, and the chapel of Egerton, to Leonard Hetherington, gent. for twenty-one years, and the lease of it continued in his descendants till one of them sold his interest in it, in king James I.'s reign. to John Dering, esq. of Egerton, but by some means, long before his death in 1618, it had passed into the possession of Edward, lord Wotton. How long it continued in his family I have not found; but it afterwards was demised to the family of Barrell, of Rochester, with whom the demise of it remained for many years; and in one of their delcendants it remained down to the Rev. Edmund Marthall, vicar of this parish, who died in 1797, possessed of the lease of it.
This vicarage is valued in the king's books at thirteen pounds, and the yearly tenths at 1l. 6s. and is now of the clear yearly certified value of seventy-two pounds. In 1588 it was valued at fifty pounds. Communicants three hundred and twenty-six. In 1640, at eighty pounds. Communicants three hundred and seventy; and in 1700 it was valued at one hundred and ten pounds.
In 1535 this church was accounted a sinecure, which accounts for its having been formerly called a prebend.
October 9, 2013, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Elementary school students Lukash (10) and Sofia (8) Rosato bike to Franscis Scott Key Elementary School on International Walk and Bike to School Day. The event promotes alternative transportation, teaches children about the environmental and health benefits of walking and biking and raises awareness about bicycle and pedestrian safety.(Credit Image: © Dasha Rosato)
San Marco in Lamis Gargano Puglia italia©2015 All rights reserved
FotoSketcher lively
Nikon coolpix p 7100
San Marco in Lamis è un comune italiano di 13.928 abitanti della provincia di Foggia, in Puglia.
San Marco in Lamis è nota soprattutto per la tradizionale Processione delle "fracchie", una manifestazione religiosa popolare molto suggestiva e assai singolare, che si ripete puntualmente da circa tre secoli ogni venerdì Santo per la rievocazione della Passione di Cristo, e che, ogni anno, richiama un grande afflusso di forestieri. Le fracchie sono delle enormi fiaccole, realizzate con grossi tronchi di albero di quercia o castagno aperti longitudinalmente a forma di cono e riempiti di legna, per essere incendiate all'imbrunire e divenire quindi dei falò ambulanti che illuminano il cammino della Madonna Addolorata lungo le strade del paese alla ricerca del figlio Gesù morto.Sembra che le origini di questo rito risalgano ai primi anni del XVIII secolo, epoca di edificazione della chiesa dell'Addolorata e le sue ragioni, oltre che di ordine religioso e devozionale, vadano collegate anche ad una motivazione di ordine pratico riconducibile alle precise condizioni fisiche dell'abitato. Infatti, quando venne costruita (1717), la chiesa dell'Addolorata si trovava fuori del centro abitato e lì sarebbe rimasta fino all'ultimo ventennio del XIX secolo. Una collocazione questa che sollecitò la fantasia degli abitanti, i quali pensarono di illuminare con le "fracchie" la strada che la Madonna percorreva dalla sua chiesa fino alla Collegiata, dove era custodito il corpo del Cristo. Le “fracchie più grandi possono essere lunghe anche 13-14 metri e pesare anche 60-70 quintali di legno di quercia , castagno o abete .
da wikipedia
San Marco in Lamis is a town of 13,928 citizens in the Italian province of Foggia, Puglia, Italy.
San Marco in Lamis is a town of 13.928 citizens and comune in the province of Foggia in the Apulia region of southeast Italy. It is located in the Gargano massif area.Apart from some tourism conted to pilgrimages at the local Catholic sanctuary of St. Matthew, the economy is mostly based on agriculture.San Marco in Lamis is known for the traditional procession of "fracchie", a very popular religious manifestation suggestive and very singular, that is repeated regularly from about three centuries each friday Saint for the reenactment of the passion of Christ, and that each year draws a large influx of foreigners. The fracchie are huge torches, made with large trees oak opened longitudinally cone-shaped and filled with wood, to be burned at dusk and become so a itinerant bonfires that illuminate the journey of our Lady of Sorrows along the roads of the country in search of the son Jesus died.It seems that the origins of this rite dates back to the early 18th century, a time of edification of the Church of our Lady of sorrows and his reasons as well as religious and devotional order, should be connected to a practical motivation due to precise physical conditions of the town. In fact, when it was built (1717), the Church of our Lady of Sorrows was out of town and would remain there until the last two decades of the 19th century. A bin that solicited the imagination of the inhabitants, whom they thought to illuminate with the "fracchie" the way that she ran from her church until the collegiate, where he guarded the body of Christ. The"Fracchia" can also get the length of 13-14 meters and weigh 60-70 quintals of wood of oak. From wikipedia
San Marco in Lamis Gargano Puglia Italy© 2015 All rights reserved
FotoSketcher lively
Nikon coolpix p 7100
San Marco in Lamis è un comune italiano di 13.928 abitanti della provincia di Foggia, in Puglia.
San Marco in Lamis è nota soprattutto per la tradizionale Processione delle "fracchie", una manifestazione religiosa popolare molto suggestiva e assai singolare, che si ripete puntualmente da circa tre secoli ogni venerdì Santo per la rievocazione della Passione di Cristo, e che, ogni anno, richiama un grande afflusso di forestieri. Le fracchie sono delle enormi fiaccole, realizzate con grossi tronchi di albero di quercia o castagno aperti longitudinalmente a forma di cono e riempiti di legna, per essere incendiate all'imbrunire e divenire quindi dei falò ambulanti che illuminano il cammino della Madonna Addolorata lungo le strade del paese alla ricerca del figlio Gesù morto.Sembra che le origini di questo rito risalgano ai primi anni del XVIII secolo, epoca di edificazione della chiesa dell'Addolorata e le sue ragioni, oltre che di ordine religioso e devozionale, vadano collegate anche ad una motivazione di ordine pratico riconducibile alle precise condizioni fisiche dell'abitato. Infatti, quando venne costruita (1717), la chiesa dell'Addolorata si trovava fuori del centro abitato e lì sarebbe rimasta fino all'ultimo ventennio del XIX secolo. Una collocazione questa che sollecitò la fantasia degli abitanti, i quali pensarono di illuminare con le "fracchie" la strada che la Madonna percorreva dalla sua chiesa fino alla Collegiata, dove era custodito il corpo del Cristo. Le “fracchie più grandi possono essere lunghe anche 13-14 metri e pesare anche 60-70 quintali di legno di quercia , castagno o abete .
da wikipedia
San Marco in Lamis is a town of 13,928 citizens in the Italian province of Foggia, Puglia, Italy.
San Marco in Lamis is a town of 13.928 citizens and comune in the province of Foggia in the Apulia region of southeast Italy. It is located in the Gargano massif area.Apart from some tourism conted to pilgrimages at the local Catholic sanctuary of St. Matthew, the economy is mostly based on agriculture.San Marco in Lamis is known for the traditional procession of "fracchie", a very popular religious manifestation suggestive and very singular, that is repeated regularly from about three centuries each friday Saint for the reenactment of the passion of Christ, and that each year draws a large influx of foreigners. The fracchie are huge torches, made with large trees oak opened longitudinally cone-shaped and filled with wood, to be burned at dusk and become so a itinerant bonfires that illuminate the journey of our Lady of Sorrows along the roads of the country in search of the son Jesus died.It seems that the origins of this rite dates back to the early 18th century, a time of edification of the Church of our Lady of sorrows and his reasons as well as religious and devotional order, should be connected to a practical motivation due to precise physical conditions of the town. In fact, when it was built (1717), the Church of our Lady of Sorrows was out of town and would remain there until the last two decades of the 19th century. A bin that solicited the imagination of the inhabitants, whom they thought to illuminate with the "fracchie" the way that she ran from her church until the collegiate, where he guarded the body of Christ. The"Fracchia" can also get the length of 13-14 meters and weigh 60-70 quintals of wood of oak. From wikipedia
Children on the way to school.
Photo by Icaro Cooke Vieira/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
IGREJA MATRIZ DE BARCELOS.
A sua construção deve-se a D. Pedro, 3º conde de Barcelos, entre 1325 e 1328, estando as suas armas patentes nas arquivoltas do portal principal. No entanto as obras continuaram pelo menos até 1382
THE MOTHER CHURCH OF BARCELOS
The edification of this church was ordered by D. Pedro, the 3rd Count of Barcelos, whose coat of arms is engraved in the archivolts of the main portal; its construction began between 1325 and 1328, but the works continued until 1382.
I invite you to know my group pool:
:)*
Six of these will make a nice tetrahedron -- you have to mountain fold between the corners, of course. I plan on using two each of red, blue and yellow.
Twelve for an octahedron, thirty for an icosahedron. But we'll leave that for the CraftROBO people.
A PDF for your edification and amusement.
Maria Immaculata, Immacolata Concezione, Inmaculada Concepción, Immaculée conception, Immaculate Conception, Dogmat o Niepokalanym Poczęciu Najświętszej Maryi Panny
(further pictures and information you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Chronicle of the parish | parish church | parsonage
Parish Centre | Lourdes Chapel
History of the parish
1187, Wolkersdorf was for the first time as "Wolfkersdorf" in a deed of donatio by Manhard and Ulrich von Hintperch (= Himberg) mentioned. The parish Wolkersdorf appears in 1328 for the first time as a manorial establishment. The parish has always been limited to the local area. Over the centuries, the residents of the parish brought it through diligence and thrift to a modest prosperity. As to infestations, natural disasters and two plague epidemics are mentioned. The parish, located in the eastern border area of Austria, in times of war through occupation and looting had to suffer much. Mention should be made in this respect of the Turkish threat, the incursion of the Swedes during the 30 Years War, the plundering by the French under Napoleon as well as the Prussian army, which had advanced after the defeat of Austria in Hradec Králové in 1866 to the Rußbach (brook); finally the difficult time of the Soviet occupation after the Second World War should be mentioned. By order of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government of 14th November 1968 Wolkersdorf was conferred upon it the town charter. By the archbishop of Vienna the deanery Pillichsdorf on 1st January 1996 was renamed into the deanery Wolkersdorf. The parish has about 3,000 Catholics.
Parish Church
The parish church was built by Stephan von Slaet 1341-1350 and dedicated to Saint Margaret. This small gothic church (9.40 m long, 5.45 m wide, about 9 m high) is the presbytery for the today's parish church. 1727 Emperor Charles VI. the house of God by the Baroque nave had to its present size expanded (21.8 m long, 9.9 m wide, 12.5 m high). Despite the uniform external facade design, the two phases of construction are still recognizable, the Gothic presbytery and the Baroque ship. In 1754 Empress Maria Theresa the tower had built (37 m high).
Interior equipment: When you enter the church through the main gate under the tower, you are received by a bright, in cheerful colors decorated space. In the vertex of the presbytery wall the mighty Habsburg imperial eagle can be seen. The heart shield of the double eagle is surrounded by the insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece and bears the monogram Emperor Charles VI . - CVI. In the claws the eagle holds sword and scepter, while a banner the motto of the Emperor and the year of the expansion of the church shows: "Constantia et Fortitudine" (with steadiness and fortitude) 1727.
The Baroque high altar was built in 1768 in imitation marble. The structure has over the tabernacle yet a Drehtabernakel (revolving tabernacle) for exposure of the Blessed Sacrament. Above it forms a plastic, the apocalyptic Lamb of God representing, flanked by two adoring angels, the conclusion. The retabel structure fits organically into the Gothic choir. Right of the altar is on a high pedestal saint Rochus represented, on the left, in the same way the holy Sebastian. In the middle part is behind the high altar in a picture larger than life the church patron, saint Margaretha represented (the painting is signed "FB 1832" - painter unknown). The saint stands upright and holds in her left hand a cross against the dragon (symbolizing the temptation to apostasy), while Schwurhand (oath hand) and look to our Heavenly Father are elevated, which appears above her. In the right wall of the presbytery there are seating niches with small ribbed vaults in the Gothic style (around 1350) with the coat of arms of the Counts of Nuremberg worked off.
On the side altars are two late Baroque wood-carved figures (1760), saint Joseph and the most blessed Virgin Mary, erected. The pulpit in the Rococo style dates back to 1770. The Stations of the Cross - by Viennese artist Eduard Kerschbaum 1968 of basswood carved - are attached to the side walls of the nave. The organ was built in 1897 by the Viennese organ builder Johann M. Kauffmann as a mechanical cone chests organ with 16 registers.
From the church square the church staircase on a bridge (flying buttress) above the Mittelstraße (central road) leads to the parish church. In 1727, this staircase was decorated with six life-sized Baroque stone sculptures. This is probably an expression of gratitude for the successful baroque church reconstruction under Emperor Charles VI. Initiator of the edification of the saints was the then minister Christoph Leopold Edler von Guarient and Raall. The work was financed by donations from the guilds and by donations from individual citizens.
On the right side of the ascent there are statues
of saint Charles Borromeo, who was regarded as the patron saint against the plague.
of saint John of Nepomuk, who as a "bridge saint" was very revered among the people, and above
of st. Florian, who was popular as a patron of the fire and the forge.
On the left side there are the statues
of st. Joseph, who was called on as a patron for a good hour of death, and as a protector against an unprepared, sudden death,
the Mother of God as immaculately received Virgin who crushes the serpent's head, and above
of saint Leopold, the country's (Lower Austria) patron saint, who is represented as founder of churches and monasteries (church on the right arm).
Vicarage
The vicarage was built around 1727. The building with a Gothic core in 1797 was increased and adapted as parsonage. During the March battles against Napoleon, Emperor Franz I had from 16th May to 6th July 1809 here his headquarters installed. In 1997, the exterior facade was renovated.
Parish centre
By 1970 the parish center was built as a meeting place. Inside is an auditorium and seminar rooms which are used by the parochial groups. The parish center was built from 1971 to 1973 under Pastor Karl Ponweiser as a meeting place. The house is intended for cultural and pastoral events. It is used by all parish groups and for individual events (eg lectures, concerts, theatrical performances, balls) also leased.
Lourdes Chapel
At the point where yet in 1783 a cross was erected "to the glory of God and the consolation of the poor souls", the chapel was built in honor of Our Lady of Lourdes in 1890. 1909 this church was enlarged in the neo-Gothic-Romanesque style, so this first chapel is forming the presbytery for the present chapel.
In the curvature of the chancel 1971 a by Viennese artist Eduard Kerschbaum of basswood carved statue of Mary (1.3 m high) was erected. The statue is carved in the style of "lovely Madonnas" of the Gothic. The Mother of God carries in her right arm the Infant Jesus and in her left hand she holds a bunch of grapes, and she is therefore worshiped as "Wine-Producing Country Madonna", too.
www.pfarre-wolkersdorf.at/frameset.htm?http://www.pfarre-...
St. Josef, San Giuseppe_(padre_putativo_di_Gesù), Santo José de Nazare, Saint Joseph (Nouveau Testament), Saint Joseph the Worker
(further pictures and information you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Chronicle of the parish | parish church | parsonage
Parish Centre | Lourdes Chapel
History of the parish
1187, Wolkersdorf was for the first time as "Wolfkersdorf" in a deed of donatio by Manhard and Ulrich von Hintperch (= Himberg) mentioned. The parish Wolkersdorf appears in 1328 for the first time as a manorial establishment. The parish has always been limited to the local area. Over the centuries, the residents of the parish brought it through diligence and thrift to a modest prosperity. As to infestations, natural disasters and two plague epidemics are mentioned. The parish, located in the eastern border area of Austria, in times of war through occupation and looting had to suffer much. Mention should be made in this respect of the Turkish threat, the incursion of the Swedes during the 30 Years War, the plundering by the French under Napoleon as well as the Prussian army, which had advanced after the defeat of Austria in Hradec Králové in 1866 to the Rußbach (brook); finally the difficult time of the Soviet occupation after the Second World War should be mentioned. By order of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government of 14th November 1968 Wolkersdorf was conferred upon it the town charter. By the archbishop of Vienna the deanery Pillichsdorf on 1st January 1996 was renamed into the deanery Wolkersdorf. The parish has about 3,000 Catholics.
Parish Church
The parish church was built by Stephan von Slaet 1341-1350 and dedicated to Saint Margaret. This small gothic church (9.40 m long, 5.45 m wide, about 9 m high) is the presbytery for the today's parish church. 1727 Emperor Charles VI. the house of God by the Baroque nave had to its present size expanded (21.8 m long, 9.9 m wide, 12.5 m high). Despite the uniform external facade design, the two phases of construction are still recognizable, the Gothic presbytery and the Baroque ship. In 1754 Empress Maria Theresa the tower had built (37 m high).
Interior equipment: When you enter the church through the main gate under the tower, you are received by a bright, in cheerful colors decorated space. In the vertex of the presbytery wall the mighty Habsburg imperial eagle can be seen. The heart shield of the double eagle is surrounded by the insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece and bears the monogram Emperor Charles VI . - CVI. In the claws the eagle holds sword and scepter, while a banner the motto of the Emperor and the year of the expansion of the church shows: "Constantia et Fortitudine" (with steadiness and fortitude) 1727.
The Baroque high altar was built in 1768 in imitation marble. The structure has over the tabernacle yet a Drehtabernakel (revolving tabernacle) for exposure of the Blessed Sacrament. Above it forms a plastic, the apocalyptic Lamb of God representing, flanked by two adoring angels, the conclusion. The retabel structure fits organically into the Gothic choir. Right of the altar is on a high pedestal saint Rochus represented, on the left, in the same way the holy Sebastian. In the middle part is behind the high altar in a picture larger than life the church patron, saint Margaretha represented (the painting is signed "FB 1832" - painter unknown). The saint stands upright and holds in her left hand a cross against the dragon (symbolizing the temptation to apostasy), while Schwurhand (oath hand) and look to our Heavenly Father are elevated, which appears above her. In the right wall of the presbytery there are seating niches with small ribbed vaults in the Gothic style (around 1350) with the coat of arms of the Counts of Nuremberg worked off.
On the side altars are two late Baroque wood-carved figures (1760), saint Joseph and the most blessed Virgin Mary, erected. The pulpit in the Rococo style dates back to 1770. The Stations of the Cross - by Viennese artist Eduard Kerschbaum 1968 of basswood carved - are attached to the side walls of the nave. The organ was built in 1897 by the Viennese organ builder Johann M. Kauffmann as a mechanical cone chests organ with 16 registers.
From the church square the church staircase on a bridge (flying buttress) above the Mittelstraße (central road) leads to the parish church. In 1727, this staircase was decorated with six life-sized Baroque stone sculptures. This is probably an expression of gratitude for the successful baroque church reconstruction under Emperor Charles VI. Initiator of the edification of the saints was the then minister Christoph Leopold Edler von Guarient and Raall. The work was financed by donations from the guilds and by donations from individual citizens.
On the right side of the ascent there are statues
of saint Charles Borromeo, who was regarded as the patron saint against the plague.
of saint John of Nepomuk, who as a "bridge saint" was very revered among the people, and above
of st. Florian, who was popular as a patron of the fire and the forge.
On the left side there are the statues
of st. Joseph, who was called on as a patron for a good hour of death, and as a protector against an unprepared, sudden death,
the Mother of God as immaculately received Virgin who crushes the serpent's head, and above
of saint Leopold, the country's (Lower Austria) patron saint, who is represented as founder of churches and monasteries (church on the right arm).
Vicarage
The vicarage was built around 1727. The building with a Gothic core in 1797 was increased and adapted as parsonage. During the March battles against Napoleon, Emperor Franz I had from 16th May to 6th July 1809 here his headquarters installed. In 1997, the exterior facade was renovated.
Parish centre
By 1970 the parish center was built as a meeting place. Inside is an auditorium and seminar rooms which are used by the parochial groups. The parish center was built from 1971 to 1973 under Pastor Karl Ponweiser as a meeting place. The house is intended for cultural and pastoral events. It is used by all parish groups and for individual events (eg lectures, concerts, theatrical performances, balls) also leased.
Lourdes Chapel
At the point where yet in 1783 a cross was erected "to the glory of God and the consolation of the poor souls", the chapel was built in honor of Our Lady of Lourdes in 1890. 1909 this church was enlarged in the neo-Gothic-Romanesque style, so this first chapel is forming the presbytery for the present chapel.
In the curvature of the chancel 1971 a by Viennese artist Eduard Kerschbaum of basswood carved statue of Mary (1.3 m high) was erected. The statue is carved in the style of "lovely Madonnas" of the Gothic. The Mother of God carries in her right arm the Infant Jesus and in her left hand she holds a bunch of grapes, and she is therefore worshiped as "Wine-Producing Country Madonna", too.
www.pfarre-wolkersdorf.at/frameset.htm?http://www.pfarre-...
💡 HOW ? 🔽
🔥 ACTION ONE (5✔️) (Pencil) : (Optional) Draw the shape of the drawing with Pencil or Mechanical Pencil.If you can not draw in pencil. Then retrace with black markers. You can jump to. 👟 Step 5 : 0:26
🏃 Step 1 (2✔️) : 0:00
🏃 Step 2 (1✔️) : 0:01
🏃 Step 3 (1✔️) : 0:03
🏃 Step 4 (1✔️) : 0:05
🔥 ACTION TWO (11✔️) {Black Felt} : Redraw lines with black felt or black pen ... (or others). Do not forget to erase the pencil draw.
Or draw lines with black markers (or others) if you go directly to step 5.
🏃 Step 5 (0,5✔️) : 0:10
🏃 Step 6 (1,5✔️) : 0:13
🏃 Step 7 (1✔️) : 0:16
🏃 Step 8 (1,5✔️) : 0:18
🏃 Step 9 (0,5✔️) : 0:20
🏃 Step 10 (2✔️) : 0:22
🏃 Step 11 (4✔️) : 0:34
🔥 ACTION THREE (1✔️) (Purple Felt) : Complete the drawing with Color.
🏃 Step 12 (1✔️) : 0:45
✅ Finish : 0:57
➕ 17 ✔️ Experience Points in drawing
✔️ Download PICTURES by L.Guidali : www.dropbox.com/sh/ow5xmiliqst5nhg/AACuFkJ8YINB9g0fmLnPyZ...
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✔️ Download VIDEO by L.Guidali : www.dropbox.com/s/hi2h49dmmgqpvgr/How%20To%20Draw%2039%20...
👩🔬 eXplanation : Draw the logo structure and color the interior.
🏆 Difficulty : Easy (Level 2 )
🎓 Skills : Some Drawing Skills
️ Senses : 👀 Vision 👆 To Touch 💃 Proprioception
👩🏫 Intelligences : Kinesthetic Body Intelligence
🔢 Intelligence Logic Mathematics
💡 eMagination
🙇 State of Mind : 😶 Focus
😔 Patient
🤔 Perfectionist
️ Tools : (🔨 6)
🔨 White Paper
🔨 Black Felt (Fine)
🔨 Black Felt (Medium)
🔨 Purple Felt (Fine)
🔨 Pencil
🔨 Rubber Eraser
📋 WHAT ? 🔽
✍ How to Draw {39} Step by Step
🌟 : eDification
💫 : eDification World
🌌 : Logo Galaxy
✨ : Drawing Universe
📝 Type : Drawing (📝Paper)
🎨 Style : Drawing on a white sheet with Pencil, Black Felt & Brown pencil
️ Language : International (🇬🇧 description and steps in English, but comprehensible by the whole world)
© You are free to use our video from the moment you include the "Follow Us" section in your publication description. Do not forget other items like music ... etc
📖 HOW MUCH ? 🔽
👣 12 Steps
🔥 3 Actions
✔️ 17 Experience Points
️ 6 tools
️ 3 Senses
👩🏫 3 Intelligences
🙇 3 State of Mind
WHO ? 🔽
✍ Drawed by LG
🎥 Filmed by LG : Go Pro Hero 5
📡 Posted by LG
️ Video made by LG (Final Cut Pro)
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🎼Music promoted by eMotion
📼Video Link : youtu.be/yZFvkLaIGhU
❓ WHY ? 🔽
Learn how to draw the eDification Logo
🕓 WHEN ? 🔽 April 16, 2018
⌚ Duration : 10 Minutes Minimum ~ 2,30 Hours Maximum
⚠️ The duration depends on the performance and tools used by the author. That is why this is indicated from the minimum to the maximum
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v.2
“The man who doesn't relax and hoot a few hoots voluntarily, now and then, is in great danger of hooting hoots and standing on his head for the edification of the pathologist and trained nurse, a little later on.”
Elbert Hubbard (American editor, publisher and writer, 1856-1915)
Selexyz Dominicanen, a bookstore in Maastricht, is located in the city’s old Dominican Church. November 2009, Maastricht, Netherlands.
CASHEL ABBEY (Ambrose Colman, O.P.)
FOUNDED in 1243 by David Mac Kelly, archbishop of Cashel, "who while dean of Cashel joined the Dominicans of Cork as a member of the Order and out of that community supplied with members a little monastery which he had built at Cashel. Ware.
1250. June 13. The King writes to the archbishop of Dublin begging that the Crusade be preached in Ireland. He also writes to the archbishop of Cashel and adds that the Pope's letters, which Walter Maunsel is bringing to the archbishop, are to be placed after their publication, in the custody of the Friars Preachers of Cashel.
1256, June 30. A provincial chapter was held here. Provincial chapters were held here in 1289 and 1307.
1394, July 15. John O'Grady, archbishop of Cashel, was buried in this abbey.
1480. An accidental fire having destroyed the abbey, it was re- built by John Cantwell, the archbishop, who was constituted both patron and founder, by an instrument dated at Limerick, about 1480, and by the same instrument it was declared that he and all assisting him in the good work would be partakers of all the suffrages of the Order in Ireland.
The document purports to emanate from John Frickery, vicar-general of the Dominican Order in Ireland, William Duff de Burgo, prior of the house, and the community itself.
1535. Edward Brown, the prior, on the vigil of Easter, demised to Peter O'Cuil, priest, a messuage of Cashel for the term of sixty years, at the annual rent of six shillings and eight pence, Irish; and on April n, 1536, the said Edward demised to Walter Fleming of Cashel, two messuages and two acres, with their, appurtenances in the said town, for the term of sixty years, at the annual rent of sixteen pence; on April 8, 1540, the said Edward "surrendered" this friary, containing a church and belfry, a dormitory, a chamber with two cellars, a cemetery, two orchards, and two parks or gardens containing two acres, etc., etc.
1543, May 5. Grant to Walter Fleming, of Cashel, merchant, for 46. of the site of the monastery of Friars Preachers of Cashel.
1544, Mar. 8. This friary (tithes excepted), with its appurtenances, and four gardens in Cashel, were granted for ever to Walter Fleming, in capite, at the annual rent of two shillings and sixpence, Irish money.
In 1756 there were five fathers attached to the convent of Cashel, but only one in 1800. The death of a Father Cantwell is mentioned in the obits in 1843. The last Dominican of Cashel was Father Conway, who was still there in 1850.
THB FRIARS OF CASHEL(John O’Heyne, O.P.)
In County Tipperary is a very ancient city called Cashel, which is an archiepiscopal see and the metropolis of all Munster. In this city there is a Dominican abbey, built in 1243 by an archbishop of Cashel, David MacKelly. Another archbishop of Cashel, called John Cantwell, who lived in the time of Henry VI., repaired the same abbey almost ruined by the chances of war. Ware is my authority for this. I have not information about all the members of this community.
Of the following however I can give the names: —
Father Hackett, who was a man distinguished for knowledge and piety and was theologian to Cardinal Altieri who was afterwards Clement X. This venerable father was so humble and poor in spirit that he refused to accept a bishopric.
Father Patrick Hackett, of the same community, studied at Louvain and afterwards laboured at home with success in the vineyard of the Lord. He was prior of his convent, and was held in great esteem by the people.
Father Peter Butler was professed at Louvain for the convent of Cashel, on February 8th, 1633, and on the completion of his studies laboured hard at home for many years. Father Bernard O’Donnell studied at Louvain, and after his return in 1662, was a pious and busy worker in his convent for many years.
Father Dominic Kent was professed at Louvain for the same convent and on finishing his studies was lector of philosophy there. At home he was often prior of his convent and very proficient in preaching and teaching. He was indeed a good, mild and genial man, and above all of exemplary life. On being exiled he went to the convent of Bourges, in France, where he gave great edification. He was afterwards a chaplain in the French army, but becoming infirm returned to Louvain, where fortified by the last sacraments he died a pious death in 1703.
Father William O’Dwyer studied partly in France and taught philosophy in Louvain. At home he became prior of Waterford and was afterwards an army chaplain. He went to Rome and afterwards to Portugal and having attained the degree of bachelor of theology, died at Civita Vecchia.
Father Mark Boyton was professed at Louvain for the convent of Cashel and studied philosophy there, finishing the rest of his studies with great success at Cremona in Lombardy. I was acquainted with him from the time of his reception. He was a very amiable man and was endowed with a deep and penetrating intellect and a most retentive memory. He became a distinguished preacher in Italy, and was such a good religious; the convent of our Lady of Graces received him accordingly as a member. He was beloved by all, and was ordinary confessor of the Princess de Vaudimont of Milan. The citizens of Milan praised his preaching and likewise grieved over his early death, which took him in 1704.
Father Peter Butler was professed at Louvain for the Cashel convent, and having finished his philosophy, was expelled to return home owing to a serious illness, the conquest of the kingdom, he went to France with his father and two sisters; and having got a dispensation from the Holy See and the permission of his provincial, became a parish priest in the diocese of Poitou, that he might support his father, a nobleman and already very aged. On the death of his father he got permission to join the Canons Regular of St. Augustine ad finally departed to the Lord, full of grace and merits, le was indeed a most amiable man in every respect.
Belonging to this Cashel community are still living: —
Father Peter O’Mulyran, who studied at Louvain and in Spain. On going back to Louvain he became Ulster of novices and subprior, and on his return home was prior of Waterford. He is now living in exile at Rouen in France; and being acquainted with six languages is very useful in the service of God and religion in that famous port.
Father Anthony Kent studied at Louvain and then at Tours in France, and hindered by the general exile. On returning home, served for two years as a chaplain in the French army, he then returned to his poor cell which is better than the wealth of kings, provided that he learns from the Lord how to use it well and enjoy it.
Father James Stapleton was professed at Louvain and studied satisfactorily there. He afterwards served for some time as an army chaplain and is now living at Louvain. He is a good and open-minded religious and very laborious in questing for this college.
(further pictures and information you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Chronicle of the parish | parish church | parsonage
Parish Centre | Lourdes Chapel
History of the parish
1187, Wolkersdorf was for the first time as "Wolfkersdorf" in a deed of donatio by Manhard and Ulrich von Hintperch (= Himberg) mentioned. The parish Wolkersdorf appears in 1328 for the first time as a manorial establishment. The parish has always been limited to the local area. Over the centuries, the residents of the parish brought it through diligence and thrift to a modest prosperity. As to infestations, natural disasters and two plague epidemics are mentioned. The parish, located in the eastern border area of Austria, in times of war through occupation and looting had to suffer much. Mention should be made in this respect of the Turkish threat, the incursion of the Swedes during the 30 Years War, the plundering by the French under Napoleon as well as the Prussian army, which had advanced after the defeat of Austria in Hradec Králové in 1866 to the Rußbach (brook); finally the difficult time of the Soviet occupation after the Second World War should be mentioned. By order of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government of 14th November 1968 Wolkersdorf was conferred upon it the town charter. By the archbishop of Vienna the deanery Pillichsdorf on 1st January 1996 was renamed into the deanery Wolkersdorf. The parish has about 3,000 Catholics.
Parish Church
The parish church was built by Stephan von Slaet 1341-1350 and dedicated to Saint Margaret. This small gothic church (9.40 m long, 5.45 m wide, about 9 m high) is the presbytery for the today's parish church. 1727 Emperor Charles VI. the house of God by the Baroque nave had to its present size expanded (21.8 m long, 9.9 m wide, 12.5 m high). Despite the uniform external facade design, the two phases of construction are still recognizable, the Gothic presbytery and the Baroque ship. In 1754 Empress Maria Theresa the tower had built (37 m high).
Interior equipment: When you enter the church through the main gate under the tower, you are received by a bright, in cheerful colors decorated space. In the vertex of the presbytery wall the mighty Habsburg imperial eagle can be seen. The heart shield of the double eagle is surrounded by the insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece and bears the monogram Emperor Charles VI . - CVI. In the claws the eagle holds sword and scepter, while a banner the motto of the Emperor and the year of the expansion of the church shows: "Constantia et Fortitudine" (with steadiness and fortitude) 1727.
The Baroque high altar was built in 1768 in imitation marble. The structure has over the tabernacle yet a Drehtabernakel (revolving tabernacle) for exposure of the Blessed Sacrament. Above it forms a plastic, the apocalyptic Lamb of God representing, flanked by two adoring angels, the conclusion. The retabel structure fits organically into the Gothic choir. Right of the altar is on a high pedestal saint Rochus represented, on the left, in the same way the holy Sebastian. In the middle part is behind the high altar in a picture larger than life the church patron, saint Margaretha represented (the painting is signed "FB 1832" - painter unknown). The saint stands upright and holds in her left hand a cross against the dragon (symbolizing the temptation to apostasy), while Schwurhand (oath hand) and look to our Heavenly Father are elevated, which appears above her. In the right wall of the presbytery there are seating niches with small ribbed vaults in the Gothic style (around 1350) with the coat of arms of the Counts of Nuremberg worked off.
On the side altars are two late Baroque wood-carved figures (1760), saint Joseph and the most blessed Virgin Mary, erected. The pulpit in the Rococo style dates back to 1770. The Stations of the Cross - by Viennese artist Eduard Kerschbaum 1968 of basswood carved - are attached to the side walls of the nave. The organ was built in 1897 by the Viennese organ builder Johann M. Kauffmann as a mechanical cone chests organ with 16 registers.
From the church square the church staircase on a bridge (flying buttress) above the Mittelstraße (central road) leads to the parish church. In 1727, this staircase was decorated with six life-sized Baroque stone sculptures. This is probably an expression of gratitude for the successful baroque church reconstruction under Emperor Charles VI. Initiator of the edification of the saints was the then minister Christoph Leopold Edler von Guarient and Raall. The work was financed by donations from the guilds and by donations from individual citizens.
On the right side of the ascent there are statues
of saint Charles Borromeo, who was regarded as the patron saint against the plague.
of saint John of Nepomuk, who as a "bridge saint" was very revered among the people, and above
of st. Florian, who was popular as a patron of the fire and the forge.
On the left side there are the statues
of st. Joseph, who was called on as a patron for a good hour of death, and as a protector against an unprepared, sudden death,
the Mother of God as immaculately received Virgin who crushes the serpent's head, and above
of saint Leopold, the country's (Lower Austria) patron saint, who is represented as founder of churches and monasteries (church on the right arm).
Vicarage
The vicarage was built around 1727. The building with a Gothic core in 1797 was increased and adapted as parsonage. During the March battles against Napoleon, Emperor Franz I had from 16th May to 6th July 1809 here his headquarters installed. In 1997, the exterior facade was renovated.
Parish centre
By 1970 the parish center was built as a meeting place. Inside is an auditorium and seminar rooms which are used by the parochial groups. The parish center was built from 1971 to 1973 under Pastor Karl Ponweiser as a meeting place. The house is intended for cultural and pastoral events. It is used by all parish groups and for individual events (eg lectures, concerts, theatrical performances, balls) also leased.
Lourdes Chapel
At the point where yet in 1783 a cross was erected "to the glory of God and the consolation of the poor souls", the chapel was built in honor of Our Lady of Lourdes in 1890. 1909 this church was enlarged in the neo-Gothic-Romanesque style, so this first chapel is forming the presbytery for the present chapel.
In the curvature of the chancel 1971 a by Viennese artist Eduard Kerschbaum of basswood carved statue of Mary (1.3 m high) was erected. The statue is carved in the style of "lovely Madonnas" of the Gothic. The Mother of God carries in her right arm the Infant Jesus and in her left hand she holds a bunch of grapes, and she is therefore worshiped as "Wine-Producing Country Madonna", too.
www.pfarre-wolkersdorf.at/frameset.htm?http://www.pfarre-...
Down the hill from Challock and Kings Wood, sitting on the junction of two ancient high roads, but now split in half by the A20, Charing is delightful.
It is nine years perhaps since I was last here. I took two shots outside, and four inside.
How could I have been so blind?
Charing is a tangle of narrow lanes and timber framed houses, with the church at the end of a narrow lane which ends in what used to be the market place. To the north of the square sits what used to be the Bishop's Palace, still an impressive collection of buildings, although now a private dwelling and a farm.
I found the church open, and was first struck by its fine decoration and impressive size.
------------------------------------------
A large church beautifully positioned next to the remains of the medieval Archbishop's Palace just off the High Street. The west tower was built in the late fifteenth century. During its construction the body of the church was destroyed in an accidental fire - started by a man shooting at pigeons on the roof. The replacement roofs are clearly dated on the tie-beams as 1592 and 1620. A fine early seventeenth-century pulpit and nice collection of eighteenth-century tablets add much to the character of the building. The south nave window is a very strange shape, basically square, with four lights of equal height surmounted by a net of elaborate triangles, quatrefoils and, unusually, an octofoil! It is of fourteenth-century date.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Charing
--------------------------------------------
CHARING
IS the adjoining parish to Westwell north-westward. It is written in Domesday, Cheringes, and in other antient records, Cerringes and Cherring.
It lies partly below and partly above the upper range of chalk hills, where there is much woodland. It is a healthy, though not a very pleasant situation, from the nature of the soils in it, all which are but poor; about the town or village, and to the summit of the hill it is chalky; above the hill a red cludgy earth covered with slints, and below the town mostly a sand. At the western boundary, next to Lenham, is Charing heath; it is watered by several small streamlets, which rising near the foot of the hills, direct their course southward into the Stour, which runs towards Ashford just below the boundary of it. The village, or town of Charing, as it is more usually called, stands at the foot of the hill, called from it Charing-hill, over which the high road leads through it from Faversham, through Smarden and Biddenden, and thence to Cranbrooke and Tenterden in the Weald. The high road likewise from Ashford, since the new turnpike has been completed, is made by new cuts to pass through this town and Lenham, instead of its former more southern circuit by Chilson park and Sandway towards Maidstone, shortening its distance considerably. Notwithstanding these roads, there is no great matter of traffic through it, the town is unpaved, and has a clean countryfied look, there is a good house in it, formerly belonging to the Poole's, whose arms were, Azure, a lion rampant, argent, semee, of fleur de lis, or. Afterwards to Dr. Ludwell, who bore for his arms, Gules, on a bend, argent, three eagles, azure, between two castles of the second; and then to the Carter's, one of whom sold it to George Norwood, esq. who resides in it. Not far from it is an antient mansion, which has been modernized formerly, called Peirce-house, now belonging to Mr. James Wakeley, who resides in it; at a small distance from the street eastward is the ruinated palace, the church and the vicarage, a pleasant habitable dwelling.
There are large ruins of the archiepiscopal palace still remaining; the antient great gateway to it is now standing, and much of the sides of the court within it, on the east side of which seems to have been the dining-room, the walls of which remain, and it is converted into a barn. On the opposite side to this are many of the offices, now made into stables. Fronting the great gateway above-mentioned, seems to have been the entrance into the palace itself, part of which, on the east side, is fitted up as a dwelling-house, at the back of which, northward, are the remains of the chapel, the walls of which are standing entire, being built of squared stone, mixed with slints; on the side wall of it are three windows, with pointed arches, and at the east end a much larger one, of the same form. Sir Nicholas Gilborne, hereafter mentioned, as having resided here in king James I.'s reign, was son of William Gilborne, esq. of London, who lies buried in St. Catherine's Creechurch, London, descended from the Gilbornes, of Ereswike, in Yorkshire, and bore for their arms, Azure, on a chevron, or, three roses gules, within a bordure of the second. (fn. 1) Sir Nicholas had two sons and several daughters; one of whom, Anne, married Charles Wheler, esq. of Tottenham, grandfather of Sir George Wheler, D. D. and prebendary of Durham, the purchaser afterwards of this manor and palace, as will be further mentioned.
The two sairs which were granted in the 21st year of king Henry VI. are now held on April 29, and October 29, for horses, cattle, and pedlary.
The parish has in it the boroughs of Town, Sandpit, East Lenham, part of Field, and Acton.
Several of our antiquaries have supposed the Roman station, mentioned in the 2d iter of Antonine by the name of Durolevum, corruptly for Durolenum, to have been in this neighbourhood; and Dr. Plot mentions his discovery of a Roman way, which seemed to have passed the Medway at Teston, and crossing Cocksheath, pointed towards Lenham hither. Most of those who have contended for this station having been hereabouts, have fixed it at Lenham. Only two of them, Mr. Talbot and Dr. Stukeley, after much hesitation, where to place it, were for its having been here at Charing; the latter founded his opinion on the Roman antiquities, which he says, have been found all about here, which Horsley accounts for, from a supposition of this having been only a notilia way, and indeed there is but little, if any, foundation for any supposition that the station above-mentioned was here at Charing; that it was a notitia way, there is great reason to suppose, as has been already mentioned before, in the description of Lenham, to which may be added, that there is in this parish, about a mile S. S. W. from the town a hamlet called Stone-street, a name, which is a certain indication of its note in former times.
Mr. Jacob, in his Plantœ Favershamienses, has taken notice of several scarce plants in this parish, to which account the reader is referred from them.
There was a family who took their name from this parish, one of whom, Adam de Cherringes, was excommunicated by archbishop Becket, and, as it should seem, to blot out the heinousness of this offence, afterwards, in the time of archbishop Baldwin, the next successor but one to Becket, founded an hospital for leprous persons, at Romney, in honour of St. Stephen and St. Thomas Becket.
Anno 26 Edward I. the king granted licence to shut up a high road leading from Charing to Ashford.
¶The vulgar tradition, that Charing cross, in Westminster, was so called from a cross, which once stood on the summit of the hill here, which being taken from hence, was carried and set up there, is entirely without foundation; for the cross, which stood where the figure of king Charles on horseback now is at Charing-cross, in the centre of the three highways, as was then usual, was made and erected there in the year 1292, anno 21 Edward I. in that village which long before had been called Cheringes, and Charing, but which afterwards was universally called, from thence, Charing-cross. (fn. 2)
CHARING is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of its own name, and is exempt from the jurisdiction of the archdeacon.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, is a handsome building, consisting of one isle and a transept, a high chancel and one small one on the south side of it. The tower, having a small beacon turret at one corner, is at the west end. There is only one bell in it. This tower was begun to be built of stone (for it was before of wood) at the latter end of king Edward IV.'s reign, as appears by the several legacies to the rebuilding of it, in the wills in the Prerogative-office, Canterbury, from 1479 to 1545, about which time only it seems to have been finished. On the stonework at the outside of it, are the arms of Brent, and a coat, being a star of many points, still remaining. In the year 1590 this church was consumed by fire, to the very stones of the building, which happened from a gun discharged at a pidgeon, then upon the roof of it; by which the windows and gravestones of the family of Brent were desaced. John Brent, sen. of Charing, in 1501, was buried in this church, before the door of the new chapel of the blessed Virgin Mary, where no burial had as yet been; and Amy Brent, of Charing, gentlewoman, by will in 1516, was buried within that chapel of her own edification. This chapel, now called Wickins chancel, was much defaced by the fire as above-mentioned. In the south cross was Burleigh chantry, mentioned before, which being burnt down in 1590, was repaired by John Darell, esq. of Calehill, then proprietor of it, whose arms are on the pews of it, as mentioned below. In king Richard II.'s time, the block on which St. John the Baptist was said to have been beheaded, was brought into England, and kept in this church. In the high chancel is a memorial for Samuel Belcher, gent. of Charing, obt. 1756, æt. 6l. and for his two wives. In the little chancel, now called Wickins chancel, are memorials for the Nethersoles and Derings; in the middle isle, for Peirce, Henman, and Ludwell; in the north cross monuments for Sir Robert Honywood, of Pett, and the Sayer family; in the south cross, memorials for Mushey Teale, M.D. in 1760, and for Mary his wife; his arms, Azure, a cockatrice regardant, sable; in chief, three martlets of the second. The pews in it are of oak, and much ornamented at their ends next the space with carvework, among which are these arms, a coat quarterly, first and sourth, A lion rampant, crowned; second, A fess indented, in chief, three mullets; third, Three bugle-horns stringed, impaling a fess, between three cross-croslets, fitchee. Another, Three bugle-horns stringed. Another, A lion rampant, crowned, or. Another, the crest of a Saracen's head, 1598.
The church of Charing was antiently appendant to the manor, and was part of the possessions of the see of Canterbury, to which it was appropriated before the 8th year of king Richard II. and it remained with it till archbishop Cranmer, anno 37 Henry VIII. granted that manor, and all his estates within this parish, and the advowsons of this rectory and vicarage, to the king; (fn. 10) and these advowsons remained in the crown till Edward VI. granted them, together with the advowson of the chapel of Egerton, and other premises in Essex, in exchange, in his first year, to the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, London. In which state they continue at this time, the dean and chapter of St. Paul's being now proprietors of this rectory appropriate, together with the advowson of the vicarage of this church.
¶King Henry VIII. in his 38th year, demised this rectory, and the chapel of Egerton, to Leonard Hetherington, gent. for twenty-one years, and the lease of it continued in his descendants till one of them sold his interest in it, in king James I.'s reign. to John Dering, esq. of Egerton, but by some means, long before his death in 1618, it had passed into the possession of Edward, lord Wotton. How long it continued in his family I have not found; but it afterwards was demised to the family of Barrell, of Rochester, with whom the demise of it remained for many years; and in one of their delcendants it remained down to the Rev. Edmund Marthall, vicar of this parish, who died in 1797, possessed of the lease of it.
This vicarage is valued in the king's books at thirteen pounds, and the yearly tenths at 1l. 6s. and is now of the clear yearly certified value of seventy-two pounds. In 1588 it was valued at fifty pounds. Communicants three hundred and twenty-six. In 1640, at eighty pounds. Communicants three hundred and seventy; and in 1700 it was valued at one hundred and ten pounds.
In 1535 this church was accounted a sinecure, which accounts for its having been formerly called a prebend.
Down the hill from Challock and Kings Wood, sitting on the junction of two ancient high roads, but now split in half by the A20, Charing is delightful.
It is nine years perhaps since I was last here. I took two shots outside, and four inside.
How could I have been so blind?
Charing is a tangle of narrow lanes and timber framed houses, with the church at the end of a narrow lane which ends in what used to be the market place. To the north of the square sits what used to be the Bishop's Palace, still an impressive collection of buildings, although now a private dwelling and a farm.
I found the church open, and was first struck by its fine decoration and impressive size.
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A large church beautifully positioned next to the remains of the medieval Archbishop's Palace just off the High Street. The west tower was built in the late fifteenth century. During its construction the body of the church was destroyed in an accidental fire - started by a man shooting at pigeons on the roof. The replacement roofs are clearly dated on the tie-beams as 1592 and 1620. A fine early seventeenth-century pulpit and nice collection of eighteenth-century tablets add much to the character of the building. The south nave window is a very strange shape, basically square, with four lights of equal height surmounted by a net of elaborate triangles, quatrefoils and, unusually, an octofoil! It is of fourteenth-century date.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Charing
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CHARING
IS the adjoining parish to Westwell north-westward. It is written in Domesday, Cheringes, and in other antient records, Cerringes and Cherring.
It lies partly below and partly above the upper range of chalk hills, where there is much woodland. It is a healthy, though not a very pleasant situation, from the nature of the soils in it, all which are but poor; about the town or village, and to the summit of the hill it is chalky; above the hill a red cludgy earth covered with slints, and below the town mostly a sand. At the western boundary, next to Lenham, is Charing heath; it is watered by several small streamlets, which rising near the foot of the hills, direct their course southward into the Stour, which runs towards Ashford just below the boundary of it. The village, or town of Charing, as it is more usually called, stands at the foot of the hill, called from it Charing-hill, over which the high road leads through it from Faversham, through Smarden and Biddenden, and thence to Cranbrooke and Tenterden in the Weald. The high road likewise from Ashford, since the new turnpike has been completed, is made by new cuts to pass through this town and Lenham, instead of its former more southern circuit by Chilson park and Sandway towards Maidstone, shortening its distance considerably. Notwithstanding these roads, there is no great matter of traffic through it, the town is unpaved, and has a clean countryfied look, there is a good house in it, formerly belonging to the Poole's, whose arms were, Azure, a lion rampant, argent, semee, of fleur de lis, or. Afterwards to Dr. Ludwell, who bore for his arms, Gules, on a bend, argent, three eagles, azure, between two castles of the second; and then to the Carter's, one of whom sold it to George Norwood, esq. who resides in it. Not far from it is an antient mansion, which has been modernized formerly, called Peirce-house, now belonging to Mr. James Wakeley, who resides in it; at a small distance from the street eastward is the ruinated palace, the church and the vicarage, a pleasant habitable dwelling.
There are large ruins of the archiepiscopal palace still remaining; the antient great gateway to it is now standing, and much of the sides of the court within it, on the east side of which seems to have been the dining-room, the walls of which remain, and it is converted into a barn. On the opposite side to this are many of the offices, now made into stables. Fronting the great gateway above-mentioned, seems to have been the entrance into the palace itself, part of which, on the east side, is fitted up as a dwelling-house, at the back of which, northward, are the remains of the chapel, the walls of which are standing entire, being built of squared stone, mixed with slints; on the side wall of it are three windows, with pointed arches, and at the east end a much larger one, of the same form. Sir Nicholas Gilborne, hereafter mentioned, as having resided here in king James I.'s reign, was son of William Gilborne, esq. of London, who lies buried in St. Catherine's Creechurch, London, descended from the Gilbornes, of Ereswike, in Yorkshire, and bore for their arms, Azure, on a chevron, or, three roses gules, within a bordure of the second. (fn. 1) Sir Nicholas had two sons and several daughters; one of whom, Anne, married Charles Wheler, esq. of Tottenham, grandfather of Sir George Wheler, D. D. and prebendary of Durham, the purchaser afterwards of this manor and palace, as will be further mentioned.
The two sairs which were granted in the 21st year of king Henry VI. are now held on April 29, and October 29, for horses, cattle, and pedlary.
The parish has in it the boroughs of Town, Sandpit, East Lenham, part of Field, and Acton.
Several of our antiquaries have supposed the Roman station, mentioned in the 2d iter of Antonine by the name of Durolevum, corruptly for Durolenum, to have been in this neighbourhood; and Dr. Plot mentions his discovery of a Roman way, which seemed to have passed the Medway at Teston, and crossing Cocksheath, pointed towards Lenham hither. Most of those who have contended for this station having been hereabouts, have fixed it at Lenham. Only two of them, Mr. Talbot and Dr. Stukeley, after much hesitation, where to place it, were for its having been here at Charing; the latter founded his opinion on the Roman antiquities, which he says, have been found all about here, which Horsley accounts for, from a supposition of this having been only a notilia way, and indeed there is but little, if any, foundation for any supposition that the station above-mentioned was here at Charing; that it was a notitia way, there is great reason to suppose, as has been already mentioned before, in the description of Lenham, to which may be added, that there is in this parish, about a mile S. S. W. from the town a hamlet called Stone-street, a name, which is a certain indication of its note in former times.
Mr. Jacob, in his Plantœ Favershamienses, has taken notice of several scarce plants in this parish, to which account the reader is referred from them.
There was a family who took their name from this parish, one of whom, Adam de Cherringes, was excommunicated by archbishop Becket, and, as it should seem, to blot out the heinousness of this offence, afterwards, in the time of archbishop Baldwin, the next successor but one to Becket, founded an hospital for leprous persons, at Romney, in honour of St. Stephen and St. Thomas Becket.
Anno 26 Edward I. the king granted licence to shut up a high road leading from Charing to Ashford.
¶The vulgar tradition, that Charing cross, in Westminster, was so called from a cross, which once stood on the summit of the hill here, which being taken from hence, was carried and set up there, is entirely without foundation; for the cross, which stood where the figure of king Charles on horseback now is at Charing-cross, in the centre of the three highways, as was then usual, was made and erected there in the year 1292, anno 21 Edward I. in that village which long before had been called Cheringes, and Charing, but which afterwards was universally called, from thence, Charing-cross. (fn. 2)
CHARING is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of its own name, and is exempt from the jurisdiction of the archdeacon.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, is a handsome building, consisting of one isle and a transept, a high chancel and one small one on the south side of it. The tower, having a small beacon turret at one corner, is at the west end. There is only one bell in it. This tower was begun to be built of stone (for it was before of wood) at the latter end of king Edward IV.'s reign, as appears by the several legacies to the rebuilding of it, in the wills in the Prerogative-office, Canterbury, from 1479 to 1545, about which time only it seems to have been finished. On the stonework at the outside of it, are the arms of Brent, and a coat, being a star of many points, still remaining. In the year 1590 this church was consumed by fire, to the very stones of the building, which happened from a gun discharged at a pidgeon, then upon the roof of it; by which the windows and gravestones of the family of Brent were desaced. John Brent, sen. of Charing, in 1501, was buried in this church, before the door of the new chapel of the blessed Virgin Mary, where no burial had as yet been; and Amy Brent, of Charing, gentlewoman, by will in 1516, was buried within that chapel of her own edification. This chapel, now called Wickins chancel, was much defaced by the fire as above-mentioned. In the south cross was Burleigh chantry, mentioned before, which being burnt down in 1590, was repaired by John Darell, esq. of Calehill, then proprietor of it, whose arms are on the pews of it, as mentioned below. In king Richard II.'s time, the block on which St. John the Baptist was said to have been beheaded, was brought into England, and kept in this church. In the high chancel is a memorial for Samuel Belcher, gent. of Charing, obt. 1756, æt. 6l. and for his two wives. In the little chancel, now called Wickins chancel, are memorials for the Nethersoles and Derings; in the middle isle, for Peirce, Henman, and Ludwell; in the north cross monuments for Sir Robert Honywood, of Pett, and the Sayer family; in the south cross, memorials for Mushey Teale, M.D. in 1760, and for Mary his wife; his arms, Azure, a cockatrice regardant, sable; in chief, three martlets of the second. The pews in it are of oak, and much ornamented at their ends next the space with carvework, among which are these arms, a coat quarterly, first and sourth, A lion rampant, crowned; second, A fess indented, in chief, three mullets; third, Three bugle-horns stringed, impaling a fess, between three cross-croslets, fitchee. Another, Three bugle-horns stringed. Another, A lion rampant, crowned, or. Another, the crest of a Saracen's head, 1598.
The church of Charing was antiently appendant to the manor, and was part of the possessions of the see of Canterbury, to which it was appropriated before the 8th year of king Richard II. and it remained with it till archbishop Cranmer, anno 37 Henry VIII. granted that manor, and all his estates within this parish, and the advowsons of this rectory and vicarage, to the king; (fn. 10) and these advowsons remained in the crown till Edward VI. granted them, together with the advowson of the chapel of Egerton, and other premises in Essex, in exchange, in his first year, to the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, London. In which state they continue at this time, the dean and chapter of St. Paul's being now proprietors of this rectory appropriate, together with the advowson of the vicarage of this church.
¶King Henry VIII. in his 38th year, demised this rectory, and the chapel of Egerton, to Leonard Hetherington, gent. for twenty-one years, and the lease of it continued in his descendants till one of them sold his interest in it, in king James I.'s reign. to John Dering, esq. of Egerton, but by some means, long before his death in 1618, it had passed into the possession of Edward, lord Wotton. How long it continued in his family I have not found; but it afterwards was demised to the family of Barrell, of Rochester, with whom the demise of it remained for many years; and in one of their delcendants it remained down to the Rev. Edmund Marthall, vicar of this parish, who died in 1797, possessed of the lease of it.
This vicarage is valued in the king's books at thirteen pounds, and the yearly tenths at 1l. 6s. and is now of the clear yearly certified value of seventy-two pounds. In 1588 it was valued at fifty pounds. Communicants three hundred and twenty-six. In 1640, at eighty pounds. Communicants three hundred and seventy; and in 1700 it was valued at one hundred and ten pounds.
In 1535 this church was accounted a sinecure, which accounts for its having been formerly called a prebend.
Down the hill from Challock and Kings Wood, sitting on the junction of two ancient high roads, but now split in half by the A20, Charing is delightful.
It is nine years perhaps since I was last here. I took two shots outside, and four inside.
How could I have been so blind?
Charing is a tangle of narrow lanes and timber framed houses, with the church at the end of a narrow lane which ends in what used to be the market place. To the north of the square sits what used to be the Bishop's Palace, still an impressive collection of buildings, although now a private dwelling and a farm.
I found the church open, and was first struck by its fine decoration and impressive size.
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A large church beautifully positioned next to the remains of the medieval Archbishop's Palace just off the High Street. The west tower was built in the late fifteenth century. During its construction the body of the church was destroyed in an accidental fire - started by a man shooting at pigeons on the roof. The replacement roofs are clearly dated on the tie-beams as 1592 and 1620. A fine early seventeenth-century pulpit and nice collection of eighteenth-century tablets add much to the character of the building. The south nave window is a very strange shape, basically square, with four lights of equal height surmounted by a net of elaborate triangles, quatrefoils and, unusually, an octofoil! It is of fourteenth-century date.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Charing
--------------------------------------------
CHARING
IS the adjoining parish to Westwell north-westward. It is written in Domesday, Cheringes, and in other antient records, Cerringes and Cherring.
It lies partly below and partly above the upper range of chalk hills, where there is much woodland. It is a healthy, though not a very pleasant situation, from the nature of the soils in it, all which are but poor; about the town or village, and to the summit of the hill it is chalky; above the hill a red cludgy earth covered with slints, and below the town mostly a sand. At the western boundary, next to Lenham, is Charing heath; it is watered by several small streamlets, which rising near the foot of the hills, direct their course southward into the Stour, which runs towards Ashford just below the boundary of it. The village, or town of Charing, as it is more usually called, stands at the foot of the hill, called from it Charing-hill, over which the high road leads through it from Faversham, through Smarden and Biddenden, and thence to Cranbrooke and Tenterden in the Weald. The high road likewise from Ashford, since the new turnpike has been completed, is made by new cuts to pass through this town and Lenham, instead of its former more southern circuit by Chilson park and Sandway towards Maidstone, shortening its distance considerably. Notwithstanding these roads, there is no great matter of traffic through it, the town is unpaved, and has a clean countryfied look, there is a good house in it, formerly belonging to the Poole's, whose arms were, Azure, a lion rampant, argent, semee, of fleur de lis, or. Afterwards to Dr. Ludwell, who bore for his arms, Gules, on a bend, argent, three eagles, azure, between two castles of the second; and then to the Carter's, one of whom sold it to George Norwood, esq. who resides in it. Not far from it is an antient mansion, which has been modernized formerly, called Peirce-house, now belonging to Mr. James Wakeley, who resides in it; at a small distance from the street eastward is the ruinated palace, the church and the vicarage, a pleasant habitable dwelling.
There are large ruins of the archiepiscopal palace still remaining; the antient great gateway to it is now standing, and much of the sides of the court within it, on the east side of which seems to have been the dining-room, the walls of which remain, and it is converted into a barn. On the opposite side to this are many of the offices, now made into stables. Fronting the great gateway above-mentioned, seems to have been the entrance into the palace itself, part of which, on the east side, is fitted up as a dwelling-house, at the back of which, northward, are the remains of the chapel, the walls of which are standing entire, being built of squared stone, mixed with slints; on the side wall of it are three windows, with pointed arches, and at the east end a much larger one, of the same form. Sir Nicholas Gilborne, hereafter mentioned, as having resided here in king James I.'s reign, was son of William Gilborne, esq. of London, who lies buried in St. Catherine's Creechurch, London, descended from the Gilbornes, of Ereswike, in Yorkshire, and bore for their arms, Azure, on a chevron, or, three roses gules, within a bordure of the second. (fn. 1) Sir Nicholas had two sons and several daughters; one of whom, Anne, married Charles Wheler, esq. of Tottenham, grandfather of Sir George Wheler, D. D. and prebendary of Durham, the purchaser afterwards of this manor and palace, as will be further mentioned.
The two sairs which were granted in the 21st year of king Henry VI. are now held on April 29, and October 29, for horses, cattle, and pedlary.
The parish has in it the boroughs of Town, Sandpit, East Lenham, part of Field, and Acton.
Several of our antiquaries have supposed the Roman station, mentioned in the 2d iter of Antonine by the name of Durolevum, corruptly for Durolenum, to have been in this neighbourhood; and Dr. Plot mentions his discovery of a Roman way, which seemed to have passed the Medway at Teston, and crossing Cocksheath, pointed towards Lenham hither. Most of those who have contended for this station having been hereabouts, have fixed it at Lenham. Only two of them, Mr. Talbot and Dr. Stukeley, after much hesitation, where to place it, were for its having been here at Charing; the latter founded his opinion on the Roman antiquities, which he says, have been found all about here, which Horsley accounts for, from a supposition of this having been only a notilia way, and indeed there is but little, if any, foundation for any supposition that the station above-mentioned was here at Charing; that it was a notitia way, there is great reason to suppose, as has been already mentioned before, in the description of Lenham, to which may be added, that there is in this parish, about a mile S. S. W. from the town a hamlet called Stone-street, a name, which is a certain indication of its note in former times.
Mr. Jacob, in his Plantœ Favershamienses, has taken notice of several scarce plants in this parish, to which account the reader is referred from them.
There was a family who took their name from this parish, one of whom, Adam de Cherringes, was excommunicated by archbishop Becket, and, as it should seem, to blot out the heinousness of this offence, afterwards, in the time of archbishop Baldwin, the next successor but one to Becket, founded an hospital for leprous persons, at Romney, in honour of St. Stephen and St. Thomas Becket.
Anno 26 Edward I. the king granted licence to shut up a high road leading from Charing to Ashford.
¶The vulgar tradition, that Charing cross, in Westminster, was so called from a cross, which once stood on the summit of the hill here, which being taken from hence, was carried and set up there, is entirely without foundation; for the cross, which stood where the figure of king Charles on horseback now is at Charing-cross, in the centre of the three highways, as was then usual, was made and erected there in the year 1292, anno 21 Edward I. in that village which long before had been called Cheringes, and Charing, but which afterwards was universally called, from thence, Charing-cross. (fn. 2)
CHARING is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of its own name, and is exempt from the jurisdiction of the archdeacon.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, is a handsome building, consisting of one isle and a transept, a high chancel and one small one on the south side of it. The tower, having a small beacon turret at one corner, is at the west end. There is only one bell in it. This tower was begun to be built of stone (for it was before of wood) at the latter end of king Edward IV.'s reign, as appears by the several legacies to the rebuilding of it, in the wills in the Prerogative-office, Canterbury, from 1479 to 1545, about which time only it seems to have been finished. On the stonework at the outside of it, are the arms of Brent, and a coat, being a star of many points, still remaining. In the year 1590 this church was consumed by fire, to the very stones of the building, which happened from a gun discharged at a pidgeon, then upon the roof of it; by which the windows and gravestones of the family of Brent were desaced. John Brent, sen. of Charing, in 1501, was buried in this church, before the door of the new chapel of the blessed Virgin Mary, where no burial had as yet been; and Amy Brent, of Charing, gentlewoman, by will in 1516, was buried within that chapel of her own edification. This chapel, now called Wickins chancel, was much defaced by the fire as above-mentioned. In the south cross was Burleigh chantry, mentioned before, which being burnt down in 1590, was repaired by John Darell, esq. of Calehill, then proprietor of it, whose arms are on the pews of it, as mentioned below. In king Richard II.'s time, the block on which St. John the Baptist was said to have been beheaded, was brought into England, and kept in this church. In the high chancel is a memorial for Samuel Belcher, gent. of Charing, obt. 1756, æt. 6l. and for his two wives. In the little chancel, now called Wickins chancel, are memorials for the Nethersoles and Derings; in the middle isle, for Peirce, Henman, and Ludwell; in the north cross monuments for Sir Robert Honywood, of Pett, and the Sayer family; in the south cross, memorials for Mushey Teale, M.D. in 1760, and for Mary his wife; his arms, Azure, a cockatrice regardant, sable; in chief, three martlets of the second. The pews in it are of oak, and much ornamented at their ends next the space with carvework, among which are these arms, a coat quarterly, first and sourth, A lion rampant, crowned; second, A fess indented, in chief, three mullets; third, Three bugle-horns stringed, impaling a fess, between three cross-croslets, fitchee. Another, Three bugle-horns stringed. Another, A lion rampant, crowned, or. Another, the crest of a Saracen's head, 1598.
The church of Charing was antiently appendant to the manor, and was part of the possessions of the see of Canterbury, to which it was appropriated before the 8th year of king Richard II. and it remained with it till archbishop Cranmer, anno 37 Henry VIII. granted that manor, and all his estates within this parish, and the advowsons of this rectory and vicarage, to the king; (fn. 10) and these advowsons remained in the crown till Edward VI. granted them, together with the advowson of the chapel of Egerton, and other premises in Essex, in exchange, in his first year, to the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, London. In which state they continue at this time, the dean and chapter of St. Paul's being now proprietors of this rectory appropriate, together with the advowson of the vicarage of this church.
¶King Henry VIII. in his 38th year, demised this rectory, and the chapel of Egerton, to Leonard Hetherington, gent. for twenty-one years, and the lease of it continued in his descendants till one of them sold his interest in it, in king James I.'s reign. to John Dering, esq. of Egerton, but by some means, long before his death in 1618, it had passed into the possession of Edward, lord Wotton. How long it continued in his family I have not found; but it afterwards was demised to the family of Barrell, of Rochester, with whom the demise of it remained for many years; and in one of their delcendants it remained down to the Rev. Edmund Marthall, vicar of this parish, who died in 1797, possessed of the lease of it.
This vicarage is valued in the king's books at thirteen pounds, and the yearly tenths at 1l. 6s. and is now of the clear yearly certified value of seventy-two pounds. In 1588 it was valued at fifty pounds. Communicants three hundred and twenty-six. In 1640, at eighty pounds. Communicants three hundred and seventy; and in 1700 it was valued at one hundred and ten pounds.
In 1535 this church was accounted a sinecure, which accounts for its having been formerly called a prebend.
Wolkersdorf, Lower Austria, Kloster Maria Lourdes, Monastero di Maria Lourdes, Monasterio de María Lourdes, Monastère de Marie Lourdes, Monastery of Mary Lourdes
(further pictures and information you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Chronicle of the parish | parish church | parsonage
Parish Centre | Lourdes Chapel
History of the parish
1187, Wolkersdorf was for the first time as "Wolfkersdorf" in a deed of donatio by Manhard and Ulrich von Hintperch (= Himberg) mentioned. The parish Wolkersdorf appears in 1328 for the first time as a manorial establishment. The parish has always been limited to the local area. Over the centuries, the residents of the parish brought it through diligence and thrift to a modest prosperity. As to infestations, natural disasters and two plague epidemics are mentioned. The parish, located in the eastern border area of Austria, in times of war through occupation and looting had to suffer much. Mention should be made in this respect of the Turkish threat, the incursion of the Swedes during the 30 Years War, the plundering by the French under Napoleon as well as the Prussian army, which had advanced after the defeat of Austria in Hradec Králové in 1866 to the Rußbach (brook); finally the difficult time of the Soviet occupation after the Second World War should be mentioned. By order of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government of 14th November 1968 Wolkersdorf was conferred upon it the town charter. By the archbishop of Vienna the deanery Pillichsdorf on 1st January 1996 was renamed into the deanery Wolkersdorf. The parish has about 3,000 Catholics.
Parish Church
The parish church was built by Stephan von Slaet 1341-1350 and dedicated to Saint Margaret. This small gothic church (9.40 m long, 5.45 m wide, about 9 m high) is the presbytery for the today's parish church. 1727 Emperor Charles VI. the house of God by the Baroque nave had to its present size expanded (21.8 m long, 9.9 m wide, 12.5 m high). Despite the uniform external facade design, the two phases of construction are still recognizable, the Gothic presbytery and the Baroque ship. In 1754 Empress Maria Theresa the tower had built (37 m high).
Interior equipment: When you enter the church through the main gate under the tower, you are received by a bright, in cheerful colors decorated space. In the vertex of the presbytery wall the mighty Habsburg imperial eagle can be seen. The heart shield of the double eagle is surrounded by the insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece and bears the monogram Emperor Charles VI . - CVI. In the claws the eagle holds sword and scepter, while a banner the motto of the Emperor and the year of the expansion of the church shows: "Constantia et Fortitudine" (with steadiness and fortitude) 1727.
The Baroque high altar was built in 1768 in imitation marble. The structure has over the tabernacle yet a Drehtabernakel (revolving tabernacle) for exposure of the Blessed Sacrament. Above it forms a plastic, the apocalyptic Lamb of God representing, flanked by two adoring angels, the conclusion. The retabel structure fits organically into the Gothic choir. Right of the altar is on a high pedestal saint Rochus represented, on the left, in the same way the holy Sebastian. In the middle part is behind the high altar in a picture larger than life the church patron, saint Margaretha represented (the painting is signed "FB 1832" - painter unknown). The saint stands upright and holds in her left hand a cross against the dragon (symbolizing the temptation to apostasy), while Schwurhand (oath hand) and look to our Heavenly Father are elevated, which appears above her. In the right wall of the presbytery there are seating niches with small ribbed vaults in the Gothic style (around 1350) with the coat of arms of the Counts of Nuremberg worked off.
On the side altars are two late Baroque wood-carved figures (1760), saint Joseph and the most blessed Virgin Mary, erected. The pulpit in the Rococo style dates back to 1770. The Stations of the Cross - by Viennese artist Eduard Kerschbaum 1968 of basswood carved - are attached to the side walls of the nave. The organ was built in 1897 by the Viennese organ builder Johann M. Kauffmann as a mechanical cone chests organ with 16 registers.
From the church square the church staircase on a bridge (flying buttress) above the Mittelstraße (central road) leads to the parish church. In 1727, this staircase was decorated with six life-sized Baroque stone sculptures. This is probably an expression of gratitude for the successful baroque church reconstruction under Emperor Charles VI. Initiator of the edification of the saints was the then minister Christoph Leopold Edler von Guarient and Raall. The work was financed by donations from the guilds and by donations from individual citizens.
On the right side of the ascent there are statues
of saint Charles Borromeo, who was regarded as the patron saint against the plague.
of saint John of Nepomuk, who as a "bridge saint" was very revered among the people, and above
of st. Florian, who was popular as a patron of the fire and the forge.
On the left side there are the statues
of st. Joseph, who was called on as a patron for a good hour of death, and as a protector against an unprepared, sudden death,
the Mother of God as immaculately received Virgin who crushes the serpent's head, and above
of saint Leopold, the country's (Lower Austria) patron saint, who is represented as founder of churches and monasteries (church on the right arm).
Vicarage
The vicarage was built around 1727. The building with a Gothic core in 1797 was increased and adapted as parsonage. During the March battles against Napoleon, Emperor Franz I had from 16th May to 6th July 1809 here his headquarters installed. In 1997, the exterior facade was renovated.
Parish centre
By 1970 the parish center was built as a meeting place. Inside is an auditorium and seminar rooms which are used by the parochial groups. The parish center was built from 1971 to 1973 under Pastor Karl Ponweiser as a meeting place. The house is intended for cultural and pastoral events. It is used by all parish groups and for individual events (eg lectures, concerts, theatrical performances, balls) also leased.
Lourdes Chapel
At the point where yet in 1783 a cross was erected "to the glory of God and the consolation of the poor souls", the chapel was built in honor of Our Lady of Lourdes in 1890. 1909 this church was enlarged in the neo-Gothic-Romanesque style, so this first chapel is forming the presbytery for the present chapel.
In the curvature of the chancel 1971 a by Viennese artist Eduard Kerschbaum of basswood carved statue of Mary (1.3 m high) was erected. The statue is carved in the style of "lovely Madonnas" of the Gothic. The Mother of God carries in her right arm the Infant Jesus and in her left hand she holds a bunch of grapes, and she is therefore worshiped as "Wine-Producing Country Madonna", too.
www.pfarre-wolkersdorf.at/frameset.htm?http://www.pfarre-...
(further pictures and information you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Chronicle of the parish | parish church | parsonage
Parish Centre | Lourdes Chapel
History of the parish
1187, Wolkersdorf was for the first time as "Wolfkersdorf" in a deed of donatio by Manhard and Ulrich von Hintperch (= Himberg) mentioned. The parish Wolkersdorf appears in 1328 for the first time as a manorial establishment. The parish has always been limited to the local area. Over the centuries, the residents of the parish brought it through diligence and thrift to a modest prosperity. As to infestations, natural disasters and two plague epidemics are mentioned. The parish, located in the eastern border area of Austria, in times of war through occupation and looting had to suffer much. Mention should be made in this respect of the Turkish threat, the incursion of the Swedes during the 30 Years War, the plundering by the French under Napoleon as well as the Prussian army, which had advanced after the defeat of Austria in Hradec Králové in 1866 to the Rußbach (brook); finally the difficult time of the Soviet occupation after the Second World War should be mentioned. By order of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government of 14th November 1968 Wolkersdorf was conferred upon it the town charter. By the archbishop of Vienna the deanery Pillichsdorf on 1st January 1996 was renamed into the deanery Wolkersdorf. The parish has about 3,000 Catholics.
Parish Church
The parish church was built by Stephan von Slaet 1341-1350 and dedicated to Saint Margaret. This small gothic church (9.40 m long, 5.45 m wide, about 9 m high) is the presbytery for the today's parish church. 1727 Emperor Charles VI. the house of God by the Baroque nave had to its present size expanded (21.8 m long, 9.9 m wide, 12.5 m high). Despite the uniform external facade design, the two phases of construction are still recognizable, the Gothic presbytery and the Baroque ship. In 1754 Empress Maria Theresa the tower had built (37 m high).
Interior equipment: When you enter the church through the main gate under the tower, you are received by a bright, in cheerful colors decorated space. In the vertex of the presbytery wall the mighty Habsburg imperial eagle can be seen. The heart shield of the double eagle is surrounded by the insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece and bears the monogram Emperor Charles VI . - CVI. In the claws the eagle holds sword and scepter, while a banner the motto of the Emperor and the year of the expansion of the church shows: "Constantia et Fortitudine" (with steadiness and fortitude) 1727.
The Baroque high altar was built in 1768 in imitation marble. The structure has over the tabernacle yet a Drehtabernakel (revolving tabernacle) for exposure of the Blessed Sacrament. Above it forms a plastic, the apocalyptic Lamb of God representing, flanked by two adoring angels, the conclusion. The retabel structure fits organically into the Gothic choir. Right of the altar is on a high pedestal saint Rochus represented, on the left, in the same way the holy Sebastian. In the middle part is behind the high altar in a picture larger than life the church patron, saint Margaretha represented (the painting is signed "FB 1832" - painter unknown). The saint stands upright and holds in her left hand a cross against the dragon (symbolizing the temptation to apostasy), while Schwurhand (oath hand) and look to our Heavenly Father are elevated, which appears above her. In the right wall of the presbytery there are seating niches with small ribbed vaults in the Gothic style (around 1350) with the coat of arms of the Counts of Nuremberg worked off.
On the side altars are two late Baroque wood-carved figures (1760), saint Joseph and the most blessed Virgin Mary, erected. The pulpit in the Rococo style dates back to 1770. The Stations of the Cross - by Viennese artist Eduard Kerschbaum 1968 of basswood carved - are attached to the side walls of the nave. The organ was built in 1897 by the Viennese organ builder Johann M. Kauffmann as a mechanical cone chests organ with 16 registers.
From the church square the church staircase on a bridge (flying buttress) above the Mittelstraße (central road) leads to the parish church. In 1727, this staircase was decorated with six life-sized Baroque stone sculptures. This is probably an expression of gratitude for the successful baroque church reconstruction under Emperor Charles VI. Initiator of the edification of the saints was the then minister Christoph Leopold Edler von Guarient and Raall. The work was financed by donations from the guilds and by donations from individual citizens.
On the right side of the ascent there are statues
of saint Charles Borromeo, who was regarded as the patron saint against the plague.
of saint John of Nepomuk, who as a "bridge saint" was very revered among the people, and above
of st. Florian, who was popular as a patron of the fire and the forge.
On the left side there are the statues
of st. Joseph, who was called on as a patron for a good hour of death, and as a protector against an unprepared, sudden death,
the Mother of God as immaculately received Virgin who crushes the serpent's head, and above
of saint Leopold, the country's (Lower Austria) patron saint, who is represented as founder of churches and monasteries (church on the right arm).
Vicarage
The vicarage was built around 1727. The building with a Gothic core in 1797 was increased and adapted as parsonage. During the March battles against Napoleon, Emperor Franz I had from 16th May to 6th July 1809 here his headquarters installed. In 1997, the exterior facade was renovated.
Parish centre
By 1970 the parish center was built as a meeting place. Inside is an auditorium and seminar rooms which are used by the parochial groups. The parish center was built from 1971 to 1973 under Pastor Karl Ponweiser as a meeting place. The house is intended for cultural and pastoral events. It is used by all parish groups and for individual events (eg lectures, concerts, theatrical performances, balls) also leased.
Lourdes Chapel
At the point where yet in 1783 a cross was erected "to the glory of God and the consolation of the poor souls", the chapel was built in honor of Our Lady of Lourdes in 1890. 1909 this church was enlarged in the neo-Gothic-Romanesque style, so this first chapel is forming the presbytery for the present chapel.
In the curvature of the chancel 1971 a by Viennese artist Eduard Kerschbaum of basswood carved statue of Mary (1.3 m high) was erected. The statue is carved in the style of "lovely Madonnas" of the Gothic. The Mother of God carries in her right arm the Infant Jesus and in her left hand she holds a bunch of grapes, and she is therefore worshiped as "Wine-Producing Country Madonna", too.
www.pfarre-wolkersdorf.at/frameset.htm?http://www.pfarre-...
San Carlo Borromeo, San Carlos Borromeo, Saint-Charles-Borromée, St. Charles
(further pictures and information you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Chronicle of the parish | parish church | parsonage
Parish Centre | Lourdes Chapel
History of the parish
1187, Wolkersdorf was for the first time as "Wolfkersdorf" in a deed of donatio by Manhard and Ulrich von Hintperch (= Himberg) mentioned. The parish Wolkersdorf appears in 1328 for the first time as a manorial establishment. The parish has always been limited to the local area. Over the centuries, the residents of the parish brought it through diligence and thrift to a modest prosperity. As to infestations, natural disasters and two plague epidemics are mentioned. The parish, located in the eastern border area of Austria, in times of war through occupation and looting had to suffer much. Mention should be made in this respect of the Turkish threat, the incursion of the Swedes during the 30 Years War, the plundering by the French under Napoleon as well as the Prussian army, which had advanced after the defeat of Austria in Hradec Králové in 1866 to the Rußbach (brook); finally the difficult time of the Soviet occupation after the Second World War should be mentioned. By order of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government of 14th November 1968 Wolkersdorf was conferred upon it the town charter. By the archbishop of Vienna the deanery Pillichsdorf on 1st January 1996 was renamed into the deanery Wolkersdorf. The parish has about 3,000 Catholics.
Parish Church
The parish church was built by Stephan von Slaet 1341-1350 and dedicated to Saint Margaret. This small gothic church (9.40 m long, 5.45 m wide, about 9 m high) is the presbytery for the today's parish church. 1727 Emperor Charles VI. the house of God by the Baroque nave had to its present size expanded (21.8 m long, 9.9 m wide, 12.5 m high). Despite the uniform external facade design, the two phases of construction are still recognizable, the Gothic presbytery and the Baroque ship. In 1754 Empress Maria Theresa the tower had built (37 m high).
Interior equipment: When you enter the church through the main gate under the tower, you are received by a bright, in cheerful colors decorated space. In the vertex of the presbytery wall the mighty Habsburg imperial eagle can be seen. The heart shield of the double eagle is surrounded by the insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece and bears the monogram Emperor Charles VI . - CVI. In the claws the eagle holds sword and scepter, while a banner the motto of the Emperor and the year of the expansion of the church shows: "Constantia et Fortitudine" (with steadiness and fortitude) 1727.
The Baroque high altar was built in 1768 in imitation marble. The structure has over the tabernacle yet a Drehtabernakel (revolving tabernacle) for exposure of the Blessed Sacrament. Above it forms a plastic, the apocalyptic Lamb of God representing, flanked by two adoring angels, the conclusion. The retabel structure fits organically into the Gothic choir. Right of the altar is on a high pedestal saint Rochus represented, on the left, in the same way the holy Sebastian. In the middle part is behind the high altar in a picture larger than life the church patron, saint Margaretha represented (the painting is signed "FB 1832" - painter unknown). The saint stands upright and holds in her left hand a cross against the dragon (symbolizing the temptation to apostasy), while Schwurhand (oath hand) and look to our Heavenly Father are elevated, which appears above her. In the right wall of the presbytery there are seating niches with small ribbed vaults in the Gothic style (around 1350) with the coat of arms of the Counts of Nuremberg worked off.
On the side altars are two late Baroque wood-carved figures (1760), saint Joseph and the most blessed Virgin Mary, erected. The pulpit in the Rococo style dates back to 1770. The Stations of the Cross - by Viennese artist Eduard Kerschbaum 1968 of basswood carved - are attached to the side walls of the nave. The organ was built in 1897 by the Viennese organ builder Johann M. Kauffmann as a mechanical cone chests organ with 16 registers.
From the church square the church staircase on a bridge (flying buttress) above the Mittelstraße (central road) leads to the parish church. In 1727, this staircase was decorated with six life-sized Baroque stone sculptures. This is probably an expression of gratitude for the successful baroque church reconstruction under Emperor Charles VI. Initiator of the edification of the saints was the then minister Christoph Leopold Edler von Guarient and Raall. The work was financed by donations from the guilds and by donations from individual citizens.
On the right side of the ascent there are statues
of saint Charles Borromeo, who was regarded as the patron saint against the plague.
of saint John of Nepomuk, who as a "bridge saint" was very revered among the people, and above
of st. Florian, who was popular as a patron of the fire and the forge.
On the left side there are the statues
of st. Joseph, who was called on as a patron for a good hour of death, and as a protector against an unprepared, sudden death,
the Mother of God as immaculately received Virgin who crushes the serpent's head, and above
of saint Leopold, the country's (Lower Austria) patron saint, who is represented as founder of churches and monasteries (church on the right arm).
Vicarage
The vicarage was built around 1727. The building with a Gothic core in 1797 was increased and adapted as parsonage. During the March battles against Napoleon, Emperor Franz I had from 16th May to 6th July 1809 here his headquarters installed. In 1997, the exterior facade was renovated.
Parish centre
By 1970 the parish center was built as a meeting place. Inside is an auditorium and seminar rooms which are used by the parochial groups. The parish center was built from 1971 to 1973 under Pastor Karl Ponweiser as a meeting place. The house is intended for cultural and pastoral events. It is used by all parish groups and for individual events (eg lectures, concerts, theatrical performances, balls) also leased.
Lourdes Chapel
At the point where yet in 1783 a cross was erected "to the glory of God and the consolation of the poor souls", the chapel was built in honor of Our Lady of Lourdes in 1890. 1909 this church was enlarged in the neo-Gothic-Romanesque style, so this first chapel is forming the presbytery for the present chapel.
In the curvature of the chancel 1971 a by Viennese artist Eduard Kerschbaum of basswood carved statue of Mary (1.3 m high) was erected. The statue is carved in the style of "lovely Madonnas" of the Gothic. The Mother of God carries in her right arm the Infant Jesus and in her left hand she holds a bunch of grapes, and she is therefore worshiped as "Wine-Producing Country Madonna", too.
www.pfarre-wolkersdorf.at/frameset.htm?http://www.pfarre-...
Heiliger Florian, Saint Florian de Lorch, San Floriano, San Florian, Saint Florian, Święty Florian
(further pictures and information you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Chronicle of the parish | parish church | parsonage
Parish Centre | Lourdes Chapel
History of the parish
1187, Wolkersdorf was for the first time as "Wolfkersdorf" in a deed of donatio by Manhard and Ulrich von Hintperch (= Himberg) mentioned. The parish Wolkersdorf appears in 1328 for the first time as a manorial establishment. The parish has always been limited to the local area. Over the centuries, the residents of the parish brought it through diligence and thrift to a modest prosperity. As to infestations, natural disasters and two plague epidemics are mentioned. The parish, located in the eastern border area of Austria, in times of war through occupation and looting had to suffer much. Mention should be made in this respect of the Turkish threat, the incursion of the Swedes during the 30 Years War, the plundering by the French under Napoleon as well as the Prussian army, which had advanced after the defeat of Austria in Hradec Králové in 1866 to the Rußbach (brook); finally the difficult time of the Soviet occupation after the Second World War should be mentioned. By order of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government of 14th November 1968 Wolkersdorf was conferred upon it the town charter. By the archbishop of Vienna the deanery Pillichsdorf on 1st January 1996 was renamed into the deanery Wolkersdorf. The parish has about 3,000 Catholics.
Parish Church
The parish church was built by Stephan von Slaet 1341-1350 and dedicated to Saint Margaret. This small gothic church (9.40 m long, 5.45 m wide, about 9 m high) is the presbytery for the today's parish church. 1727 Emperor Charles VI. the house of God by the Baroque nave had to its present size expanded (21.8 m long, 9.9 m wide, 12.5 m high). Despite the uniform external facade design, the two phases of construction are still recognizable, the Gothic presbytery and the Baroque ship. In 1754 Empress Maria Theresa the tower had built (37 m high).
Interior equipment: When you enter the church through the main gate under the tower, you are received by a bright, in cheerful colors decorated space. In the vertex of the presbytery wall the mighty Habsburg imperial eagle can be seen. The heart shield of the double eagle is surrounded by the insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece and bears the monogram Emperor Charles VI . - CVI. In the claws the eagle holds sword and scepter, while a banner the motto of the Emperor and the year of the expansion of the church shows: "Constantia et Fortitudine" (with steadiness and fortitude) 1727.
The Baroque high altar was built in 1768 in imitation marble. The structure has over the tabernacle yet a Drehtabernakel (revolving tabernacle) for exposure of the Blessed Sacrament. Above it forms a plastic, the apocalyptic Lamb of God representing, flanked by two adoring angels, the conclusion. The retabel structure fits organically into the Gothic choir. Right of the altar is on a high pedestal saint Rochus represented, on the left, in the same way the holy Sebastian. In the middle part is behind the high altar in a picture larger than life the church patron, saint Margaretha represented (the painting is signed "FB 1832" - painter unknown). The saint stands upright and holds in her left hand a cross against the dragon (symbolizing the temptation to apostasy), while Schwurhand (oath hand) and look to our Heavenly Father are elevated, which appears above her. In the right wall of the presbytery there are seating niches with small ribbed vaults in the Gothic style (around 1350) with the coat of arms of the Counts of Nuremberg worked off.
On the side altars are two late Baroque wood-carved figures (1760), saint Joseph and the most blessed Virgin Mary, erected. The pulpit in the Rococo style dates back to 1770. The Stations of the Cross - by Viennese artist Eduard Kerschbaum 1968 of basswood carved - are attached to the side walls of the nave. The organ was built in 1897 by the Viennese organ builder Johann M. Kauffmann as a mechanical cone chests organ with 16 registers.
From the church square the church staircase on a bridge (flying buttress) above the Mittelstraße (central road) leads to the parish church. In 1727, this staircase was decorated with six life-sized Baroque stone sculptures. This is probably an expression of gratitude for the successful baroque church reconstruction under Emperor Charles VI. Initiator of the edification of the saints was the then minister Christoph Leopold Edler von Guarient and Raall. The work was financed by donations from the guilds and by donations from individual citizens.
On the right side of the ascent there are statues
of saint Charles Borromeo, who was regarded as the patron saint against the plague.
of saint John of Nepomuk, who as a "bridge saint" was very revered among the people, and above
of st. Florian, who was popular as a patron of the fire and the forge.
On the left side there are the statues
of st. Joseph, who was called on as a patron for a good hour of death, and as a protector against an unprepared, sudden death,
the Mother of God as immaculately received Virgin who crushes the serpent's head, and above
of saint Leopold, the country's (Lower Austria) patron saint, who is represented as founder of churches and monasteries (church on the right arm).
Vicarage
The vicarage was built around 1727. The building with a Gothic core in 1797 was increased and adapted as parsonage. During the March battles against Napoleon, Emperor Franz I had from 16th May to 6th July 1809 here his headquarters installed. In 1997, the exterior facade was renovated.
Parish centre
By 1970 the parish center was built as a meeting place. Inside is an auditorium and seminar rooms which are used by the parochial groups. The parish center was built from 1971 to 1973 under Pastor Karl Ponweiser as a meeting place. The house is intended for cultural and pastoral events. It is used by all parish groups and for individual events (eg lectures, concerts, theatrical performances, balls) also leased.
Lourdes Chapel
At the point where yet in 1783 a cross was erected "to the glory of God and the consolation of the poor souls", the chapel was built in honor of Our Lady of Lourdes in 1890. 1909 this church was enlarged in the neo-Gothic-Romanesque style, so this first chapel is forming the presbytery for the present chapel.
In the curvature of the chancel 1971 a by Viennese artist Eduard Kerschbaum of basswood carved statue of Mary (1.3 m high) was erected. The statue is carved in the style of "lovely Madonnas" of the Gothic. The Mother of God carries in her right arm the Infant Jesus and in her left hand she holds a bunch of grapes, and she is therefore worshiped as "Wine-Producing Country Madonna", too.
www.pfarre-wolkersdorf.at/frameset.htm?http://www.pfarre-...
What a bargain! I've uploaded the whole thing for the edification of the guys and gals that like the details! In the intervening years since this event, much of the content has been consigned to history or museum status! Not just the trains, either! William and Glynn's bank, the trimphone, Dinting Railway Centre, the proposed Manchester Underground Link, the list goes on. There's something for everybody within these pages! Enjoy!
Saint-Stephen Cathedral Metz, France, is a Rayonnant Gothic edifice built with the local yellow Jaumont limestone. Like in French Gothic architecture, the building is compact, with slight projection of the transepts and subsidiary chapels. However, it displays singular, distinctive characteristics in both its ground plan and architecture compared to most of the other cathedrals. Because of topography of Moselle valley in Metz, the common west-east axis of the ground plan could not be applied and the church is oriented north-northeast. Moreover, unlike the French and German Gothic cathedrals having three portals surmounted by a rose window and two large towers, Saint-Stephen of Metz has a single porch at its western facade. One enters laterally in the edifice by another portal placed at the south-western side of the narthex, declining the usual alignment of the entrance with the choir. The nave is supported by flying buttresses and culminates at 41.41 metres high, making one of the highest naves in the world. The height of the nave is contrasted by the relatively low height of the aisles with 14.3 metres high, reinforcing the sensation of tallness of the nave. This feature permitted the architects to create large, tall expanses of stained glass. Through its history, Saint-Stephen Cathedral was subjected to architectural and ornamental modifications with successive additions of Neoclassical and Neogothic elements.
The edification of Saint-Stephen of Metz took place on an Ancient site from the 5th century. The construction of the Gothic cathedral began in 1220 within the walls of an Ottonian basilica dating from the 10th century. The integration into the cathedral's ground plan of a Gothic chapel from the 12th century at the western end resulted in the absence of a main western portal; the south-western porch of the cathedral being the entrance of the former chapel. The work was completed around 1520 and the new cathedral was consecrated on 11 April 1552. In 1755, French architect Jacques-François Blondel was awarded by the Royal Academy of Architecture to built a Neoclassical portal at the West end of the cathedral. He disengaged the cathedral's facade by razing an adjacent cloister and three attached churches and achieved the westwork in 1764. In 1877, the Saint-Stephen of Metz was heavily damaged after a conflagration due to fireworks. After this incident, it was decided the refurbishment of the cathedral and its adornments within a Neogothic style. The western facade was completely rebuilt between 1898 and 1903; the Blondel's portal was demolished and a new Neogothic portal was added.
CASHEL ABBEY (Ambrose Colman, O.P.)
FOUNDED in 1243 by David Mac Kelly, archbishop of Cashel, "who while dean of Cashel joined the Dominicans of Cork as a member of the Order and out of that community supplied with members a little monastery which he had built at Cashel. Ware.
1250. June 13. The King writes to the archbishop of Dublin begging that the Crusade be preached in Ireland. He also writes to the archbishop of Cashel and adds that the Pope's letters, which Walter Maunsel is bringing to the archbishop, are to be placed after their publication, in the custody of the Friars Preachers of Cashel.
1256, June 30. A provincial chapter was held here. Provincial chapters were held here in 1289 and 1307.
1394, July 15. John O'Grady, archbishop of Cashel, was buried in this abbey.
1480. An accidental fire having destroyed the abbey, it was re- built by John Cantwell, the archbishop, who was constituted both patron and founder, by an instrument dated at Limerick, about 1480, and by the same instrument it was declared that he and all assisting him in the good work would be partakers of all the suffrages of the Order in Ireland.
The document purports to emanate from John Frickery, vicar-general of the Dominican Order in Ireland, William Duff de Burgo, prior of the house, and the community itself.
1535. Edward Brown, the prior, on the vigil of Easter, demised to Peter O'Cuil, priest, a messuage of Cashel for the term of sixty years, at the annual rent of six shillings and eight pence, Irish; and on April n, 1536, the said Edward demised to Walter Fleming of Cashel, two messuages and two acres, with their, appurtenances in the said town, for the term of sixty years, at the annual rent of sixteen pence; on April 8, 1540, the said Edward "surrendered" this friary, containing a church and belfry, a dormitory, a chamber with two cellars, a cemetery, two orchards, and two parks or gardens containing two acres, etc., etc.
1543, May 5. Grant to Walter Fleming, of Cashel, merchant, for 46. of the site of the monastery of Friars Preachers of Cashel.
1544, Mar. 8. This friary (tithes excepted), with its appurtenances, and four gardens in Cashel, were granted for ever to Walter Fleming, in capite, at the annual rent of two shillings and sixpence, Irish money.
In 1756 there were five fathers attached to the convent of Cashel, but only one in 1800. The death of a Father Cantwell is mentioned in the obits in 1843. The last Dominican of Cashel was Father Conway, who was still there in 1850.
THB FRIARS OF CASHEL(John O’Heyne, O.P.)
In County Tipperary is a very ancient city called Cashel, which is an archiepiscopal see and the metropolis of all Munster. In this city there is a Dominican abbey, built in 1243 by an archbishop of Cashel, David MacKelly. Another archbishop of Cashel, called John Cantwell, who lived in the time of Henry VI., repaired the same abbey almost ruined by the chances of war. Ware is my authority for this. I have not information about all the members of this community.
Of the following however I can give the names: —
Father Hackett, who was a man distinguished for knowledge and piety and was theologian to Cardinal Altieri who was afterwards Clement X. This venerable father was so humble and poor in spirit that he refused to accept a bishopric.
Father Patrick Hackett, of the same community, studied at Louvain and afterwards laboured at home with success in the vineyard of the Lord. He was prior of his convent, and was held in great esteem by the people.
Father Peter Butler was professed at Louvain for the convent of Cashel, on February 8th, 1633, and on the completion of his studies laboured hard at home for many years. Father Bernard O’Donnell studied at Louvain, and after his return in 1662, was a pious and busy worker in his convent for many years.
Father Dominic Kent was professed at Louvain for the same convent and on finishing his studies was lector of philosophy there. At home he was often prior of his convent and very proficient in preaching and teaching. He was indeed a good, mild and genial man, and above all of exemplary life. On being exiled he went to the convent of Bourges, in France, where he gave great edification. He was afterwards a chaplain in the French army, but becoming infirm returned to Louvain, where fortified by the last sacraments he died a pious death in 1703.
Father William O’Dwyer studied partly in France and taught philosophy in Louvain. At home he became prior of Waterford and was afterwards an army chaplain. He went to Rome and afterwards to Portugal and having attained the degree of bachelor of theology, died at Civita Vecchia.
Father Mark Boyton was professed at Louvain for the convent of Cashel and studied philosophy there, finishing the rest of his studies with great success at Cremona in Lombardy. I was acquainted with him from the time of his reception. He was a very amiable man and was endowed with a deep and penetrating intellect and a most retentive memory. He became a distinguished preacher in Italy, and was such a good religious; the convent of our Lady of Graces received him accordingly as a member. He was beloved by all, and was ordinary confessor of the Princess de Vaudimont of Milan. The citizens of Milan praised his preaching and likewise grieved over his early death, which took him in 1704.
Father Peter Butler was professed at Louvain for the Cashel convent, and having finished his philosophy, was expelled to return home owing to a serious illness, the conquest of the kingdom, he went to France with his father and two sisters; and having got a dispensation from the Holy See and the permission of his provincial, became a parish priest in the diocese of Poitou, that he might support his father, a nobleman and already very aged. On the death of his father he got permission to join the Canons Regular of St. Augustine ad finally departed to the Lord, full of grace and merits, le was indeed a most amiable man in every respect.
Belonging to this Cashel community are still living: —
Father Peter O’Mulyran, who studied at Louvain and in Spain. On going back to Louvain he became Ulster of novices and subprior, and on his return home was prior of Waterford. He is now living in exile at Rouen in France; and being acquainted with six languages is very useful in the service of God and religion in that famous port.
Father Anthony Kent studied at Louvain and then at Tours in France, and hindered by the general exile. On returning home, served for two years as a chaplain in the French army, he then returned to his poor cell which is better than the wealth of kings, provided that he learns from the Lord how to use it well and enjoy it.
Father James Stapleton was professed at Louvain and studied satisfactorily there. He afterwards served for some time as an army chaplain and is now living at Louvain. He is a good and open-minded religious and very laborious in questing for this college.
Le cimetière chinois de Nolette est un cimetière situé le territoire de la commune française de Noyelles-sur-Mer où sont inhumés les travailleurs civils chinois employés par l'armée britannique pendant la Première Guerre mondiale.
Il s'agit du plus grand cimetière chinois de France et d'Europe
Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, Noyelles abrita une importante base arrière britannique dont un grand camp de coolies (travailleurs immigrés chinois). Ils furent recrutés par l'armée britannique entre 1917 et 1919 dans le cadre du corps de travailleurs chinois (en anglais, Chinese Labour Corps), pour des tâches de manutention à l'arrière du front mais certains connaitront les zones de combat.
Ils représentent l'une des premières immigrations chinoises en France. Ils avaient l'interdiction de se mêler à la population civile du lieu. Certains resteront en France après la Grande Guerre.
Chinois en France
L'entrée du cimetière chinois de Nolette.
Ils étaient affectés à des tâches pénibles et dangereuses comme le terrassement de tranchées, le ramassage des soldats morts sur le champ de bataille, le déminage des terrains reconquis, la blanchisserie, les services de santé auprès des malades, en particulier ceux atteints de la grippe espagnole...
En 1921, le gouvernement britannique décida l'édification du cimetière chinois à Nolette. Le Major Truelove est chargé de sa réalisation sous l'autorité d'Edwin Lutyens.
Depuis 2002, le cimetière de Nolette est le lieu de célébration de la Fête de Qing Ming (Fête des Morts chinoise) en France organisée par le Conseil pour l'intégration des communautés d'origine chinoise en France.
On trouve dans le département de la Somme des tombes de coolies dans les cimetières d'Abbeville, Albert, Daours, Gézaincourt, Tincourt-Boucly et Villers-Carbonnel.
Propriété de l'État français et gérée par la Commonwealth War Graves Commission, la nécropole située près du hameau de Nolette dans la commune de Noyelles-sur-Mer a été inaugurée en 1921 par le Préfet de la Somme. 849 travailleurs chinois sont inhumés à Noyelles-sur-Mer. La plupart travaillait au camp chinois de l'armée britannique situé sur la commune entre 1917 et 1919.
Tombe de Yang Shiyue 楊十月 originaire du Shandong, mort le 12 janvier 19191.
Beaucoup sont morts d'une épidémie de choléra qui a sévi dans le camp, de la grippe espagnole en 1918-1919 ou de la tuberculose, voire tués dans les zones de combat.
Le site est caractérisée par le portail d'entrée, les inscriptions sur les tombes et les essences d'arbres (pins, cèdres...) qu'on ne rencontre pas dans les autres cimetières du Commonwealth ainsi que par l'absence de croix du Sacrifice et de pierre du Souvenir.
Les tombes de ce cimetière sont constituées de 849 stèles en marbre blanc, avec sur chacune d'elle gravée une inscription en anglais « Faithful unto Death » ou « Though dead he still liveth » ou encore « A good reputation endures for ever » ainsi que des idéogrammes chinois et parfois, très rarement, le nom en anglais ou le matricule du défunt.
Le porche monumental et le mur de l'entrée tiennent lieu de mémorial pour la quarantaine de Chinois morts sur terre ou sur mer sans tombes connues.
Des statues de lions offerts par la République populaire de Chine sont situées, non loin de la nécropole, à l'entrée de la rue qui mène au cimetière de Nolette
Improved carbonization techniques training.
Photo by Fiston Wasanga/CIFOR
If you use one of our photos, please credit it accordingly and let us know. You can reach us through our Flickr account or at: cifor-mediainfo@cgiar.org and m.edliadi@cgiar.org
(further pictures and information you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Chronicle of the parish | parish church | parsonage
Parish Centre | Lourdes Chapel
History of the parish
1187, Wolkersdorf was for the first time as "Wolfkersdorf" in a deed of donatio by Manhard and Ulrich von Hintperch (= Himberg) mentioned. The parish Wolkersdorf appears in 1328 for the first time as a manorial establishment. The parish has always been limited to the local area. Over the centuries, the residents of the parish brought it through diligence and thrift to a modest prosperity. As to infestations, natural disasters and two plague epidemics are mentioned. The parish, located in the eastern border area of Austria, in times of war through occupation and looting had to suffer much. Mention should be made in this respect of the Turkish threat, the incursion of the Swedes during the 30 Years War, the plundering by the French under Napoleon as well as the Prussian army, which had advanced after the defeat of Austria in Hradec Králové in 1866 to the Rußbach (brook); finally the difficult time of the Soviet occupation after the Second World War should be mentioned. By order of the Lower Austrian Provincial Government of 14th November 1968 Wolkersdorf was conferred upon it the town charter. By the archbishop of Vienna the deanery Pillichsdorf on 1st January 1996 was renamed into the deanery Wolkersdorf. The parish has about 3,000 Catholics.
Parish Church
The parish church was built by Stephan von Slaet 1341-1350 and dedicated to Saint Margaret. This small gothic church (9.40 m long, 5.45 m wide, about 9 m high) is the presbytery for the today's parish church. 1727 Emperor Charles VI. the house of God by the Baroque nave had to its present size expanded (21.8 m long, 9.9 m wide, 12.5 m high). Despite the uniform external facade design, the two phases of construction are still recognizable, the Gothic presbytery and the Baroque ship. In 1754 Empress Maria Theresa the tower had built (37 m high).
Interior equipment: When you enter the church through the main gate under the tower, you are received by a bright, in cheerful colors decorated space. In the vertex of the presbytery wall the mighty Habsburg imperial eagle can be seen. The heart shield of the double eagle is surrounded by the insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece and bears the monogram Emperor Charles VI . - CVI. In the claws the eagle holds sword and scepter, while a banner the motto of the Emperor and the year of the expansion of the church shows: "Constantia et Fortitudine" (with steadiness and fortitude) 1727.
The Baroque high altar was built in 1768 in imitation marble. The structure has over the tabernacle yet a Drehtabernakel (revolving tabernacle) for exposure of the Blessed Sacrament. Above it forms a plastic, the apocalyptic Lamb of God representing, flanked by two adoring angels, the conclusion. The retabel structure fits organically into the Gothic choir. Right of the altar is on a high pedestal saint Rochus represented, on the left, in the same way the holy Sebastian. In the middle part is behind the high altar in a picture larger than life the church patron, saint Margaretha represented (the painting is signed "FB 1832" - painter unknown). The saint stands upright and holds in her left hand a cross against the dragon (symbolizing the temptation to apostasy), while Schwurhand (oath hand) and look to our Heavenly Father are elevated, which appears above her. In the right wall of the presbytery there are seating niches with small ribbed vaults in the Gothic style (around 1350) with the coat of arms of the Counts of Nuremberg worked off.
On the side altars are two late Baroque wood-carved figures (1760), saint Joseph and the most blessed Virgin Mary, erected. The pulpit in the Rococo style dates back to 1770. The Stations of the Cross - by Viennese artist Eduard Kerschbaum 1968 of basswood carved - are attached to the side walls of the nave. The organ was built in 1897 by the Viennese organ builder Johann M. Kauffmann as a mechanical cone chests organ with 16 registers.
From the church square the church staircase on a bridge (flying buttress) above the Mittelstraße (central road) leads to the parish church. In 1727, this staircase was decorated with six life-sized Baroque stone sculptures. This is probably an expression of gratitude for the successful baroque church reconstruction under Emperor Charles VI. Initiator of the edification of the saints was the then minister Christoph Leopold Edler von Guarient and Raall. The work was financed by donations from the guilds and by donations from individual citizens.
On the right side of the ascent there are statues
of saint Charles Borromeo, who was regarded as the patron saint against the plague.
of saint John of Nepomuk, who as a "bridge saint" was very revered among the people, and above
of st. Florian, who was popular as a patron of the fire and the forge.
On the left side there are the statues
of st. Joseph, who was called on as a patron for a good hour of death, and as a protector against an unprepared, sudden death,
the Mother of God as immaculately received Virgin who crushes the serpent's head, and above
of saint Leopold, the country's (Lower Austria) patron saint, who is represented as founder of churches and monasteries (church on the right arm).
Vicarage
The vicarage was built around 1727. The building with a Gothic core in 1797 was increased and adapted as parsonage. During the March battles against Napoleon, Emperor Franz I had from 16th May to 6th July 1809 here his headquarters installed. In 1997, the exterior facade was renovated.
Parish centre
By 1970 the parish center was built as a meeting place. Inside is an auditorium and seminar rooms which are used by the parochial groups. The parish center was built from 1971 to 1973 under Pastor Karl Ponweiser as a meeting place. The house is intended for cultural and pastoral events. It is used by all parish groups and for individual events (eg lectures, concerts, theatrical performances, balls) also leased.
Lourdes Chapel
At the point where yet in 1783 a cross was erected "to the glory of God and the consolation of the poor souls", the chapel was built in honor of Our Lady of Lourdes in 1890. 1909 this church was enlarged in the neo-Gothic-Romanesque style, so this first chapel is forming the presbytery for the present chapel.
In the curvature of the chancel 1971 a by Viennese artist Eduard Kerschbaum of basswood carved statue of Mary (1.3 m high) was erected. The statue is carved in the style of "lovely Madonnas" of the Gothic. The Mother of God carries in her right arm the Infant Jesus and in her left hand she holds a bunch of grapes, and she is therefore worshiped as "Wine-Producing Country Madonna", too.
www.pfarre-wolkersdorf.at/frameset.htm?http://www.pfarre-...
Down the hill from Challock and Kings Wood, sitting on the junction of two ancient high roads, but now split in half by the A20, Charing is delightful.
It is nine years perhaps since I was last here. I took two shots outside, and four inside.
How could I have been so blind?
Charing is a tangle of narrow lanes and timber framed houses, with the church at the end of a narrow lane which ends in what used to be the market place. To the north of the square sits what used to be the Bishop's Palace, still an impressive collection of buildings, although now a private dwelling and a farm.
I found the church open, and was first struck by its fine decoration and impressive size.
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A large church beautifully positioned next to the remains of the medieval Archbishop's Palace just off the High Street. The west tower was built in the late fifteenth century. During its construction the body of the church was destroyed in an accidental fire - started by a man shooting at pigeons on the roof. The replacement roofs are clearly dated on the tie-beams as 1592 and 1620. A fine early seventeenth-century pulpit and nice collection of eighteenth-century tablets add much to the character of the building. The south nave window is a very strange shape, basically square, with four lights of equal height surmounted by a net of elaborate triangles, quatrefoils and, unusually, an octofoil! It is of fourteenth-century date.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Charing
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CHARING
IS the adjoining parish to Westwell north-westward. It is written in Domesday, Cheringes, and in other antient records, Cerringes and Cherring.
It lies partly below and partly above the upper range of chalk hills, where there is much woodland. It is a healthy, though not a very pleasant situation, from the nature of the soils in it, all which are but poor; about the town or village, and to the summit of the hill it is chalky; above the hill a red cludgy earth covered with slints, and below the town mostly a sand. At the western boundary, next to Lenham, is Charing heath; it is watered by several small streamlets, which rising near the foot of the hills, direct their course southward into the Stour, which runs towards Ashford just below the boundary of it. The village, or town of Charing, as it is more usually called, stands at the foot of the hill, called from it Charing-hill, over which the high road leads through it from Faversham, through Smarden and Biddenden, and thence to Cranbrooke and Tenterden in the Weald. The high road likewise from Ashford, since the new turnpike has been completed, is made by new cuts to pass through this town and Lenham, instead of its former more southern circuit by Chilson park and Sandway towards Maidstone, shortening its distance considerably. Notwithstanding these roads, there is no great matter of traffic through it, the town is unpaved, and has a clean countryfied look, there is a good house in it, formerly belonging to the Poole's, whose arms were, Azure, a lion rampant, argent, semee, of fleur de lis, or. Afterwards to Dr. Ludwell, who bore for his arms, Gules, on a bend, argent, three eagles, azure, between two castles of the second; and then to the Carter's, one of whom sold it to George Norwood, esq. who resides in it. Not far from it is an antient mansion, which has been modernized formerly, called Peirce-house, now belonging to Mr. James Wakeley, who resides in it; at a small distance from the street eastward is the ruinated palace, the church and the vicarage, a pleasant habitable dwelling.
There are large ruins of the archiepiscopal palace still remaining; the antient great gateway to it is now standing, and much of the sides of the court within it, on the east side of which seems to have been the dining-room, the walls of which remain, and it is converted into a barn. On the opposite side to this are many of the offices, now made into stables. Fronting the great gateway above-mentioned, seems to have been the entrance into the palace itself, part of which, on the east side, is fitted up as a dwelling-house, at the back of which, northward, are the remains of the chapel, the walls of which are standing entire, being built of squared stone, mixed with slints; on the side wall of it are three windows, with pointed arches, and at the east end a much larger one, of the same form. Sir Nicholas Gilborne, hereafter mentioned, as having resided here in king James I.'s reign, was son of William Gilborne, esq. of London, who lies buried in St. Catherine's Creechurch, London, descended from the Gilbornes, of Ereswike, in Yorkshire, and bore for their arms, Azure, on a chevron, or, three roses gules, within a bordure of the second. (fn. 1) Sir Nicholas had two sons and several daughters; one of whom, Anne, married Charles Wheler, esq. of Tottenham, grandfather of Sir George Wheler, D. D. and prebendary of Durham, the purchaser afterwards of this manor and palace, as will be further mentioned.
The two sairs which were granted in the 21st year of king Henry VI. are now held on April 29, and October 29, for horses, cattle, and pedlary.
The parish has in it the boroughs of Town, Sandpit, East Lenham, part of Field, and Acton.
Several of our antiquaries have supposed the Roman station, mentioned in the 2d iter of Antonine by the name of Durolevum, corruptly for Durolenum, to have been in this neighbourhood; and Dr. Plot mentions his discovery of a Roman way, which seemed to have passed the Medway at Teston, and crossing Cocksheath, pointed towards Lenham hither. Most of those who have contended for this station having been hereabouts, have fixed it at Lenham. Only two of them, Mr. Talbot and Dr. Stukeley, after much hesitation, where to place it, were for its having been here at Charing; the latter founded his opinion on the Roman antiquities, which he says, have been found all about here, which Horsley accounts for, from a supposition of this having been only a notilia way, and indeed there is but little, if any, foundation for any supposition that the station above-mentioned was here at Charing; that it was a notitia way, there is great reason to suppose, as has been already mentioned before, in the description of Lenham, to which may be added, that there is in this parish, about a mile S. S. W. from the town a hamlet called Stone-street, a name, which is a certain indication of its note in former times.
Mr. Jacob, in his Plantœ Favershamienses, has taken notice of several scarce plants in this parish, to which account the reader is referred from them.
There was a family who took their name from this parish, one of whom, Adam de Cherringes, was excommunicated by archbishop Becket, and, as it should seem, to blot out the heinousness of this offence, afterwards, in the time of archbishop Baldwin, the next successor but one to Becket, founded an hospital for leprous persons, at Romney, in honour of St. Stephen and St. Thomas Becket.
Anno 26 Edward I. the king granted licence to shut up a high road leading from Charing to Ashford.
¶The vulgar tradition, that Charing cross, in Westminster, was so called from a cross, which once stood on the summit of the hill here, which being taken from hence, was carried and set up there, is entirely without foundation; for the cross, which stood where the figure of king Charles on horseback now is at Charing-cross, in the centre of the three highways, as was then usual, was made and erected there in the year 1292, anno 21 Edward I. in that village which long before had been called Cheringes, and Charing, but which afterwards was universally called, from thence, Charing-cross. (fn. 2)
CHARING is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of its own name, and is exempt from the jurisdiction of the archdeacon.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, is a handsome building, consisting of one isle and a transept, a high chancel and one small one on the south side of it. The tower, having a small beacon turret at one corner, is at the west end. There is only one bell in it. This tower was begun to be built of stone (for it was before of wood) at the latter end of king Edward IV.'s reign, as appears by the several legacies to the rebuilding of it, in the wills in the Prerogative-office, Canterbury, from 1479 to 1545, about which time only it seems to have been finished. On the stonework at the outside of it, are the arms of Brent, and a coat, being a star of many points, still remaining. In the year 1590 this church was consumed by fire, to the very stones of the building, which happened from a gun discharged at a pidgeon, then upon the roof of it; by which the windows and gravestones of the family of Brent were desaced. John Brent, sen. of Charing, in 1501, was buried in this church, before the door of the new chapel of the blessed Virgin Mary, where no burial had as yet been; and Amy Brent, of Charing, gentlewoman, by will in 1516, was buried within that chapel of her own edification. This chapel, now called Wickins chancel, was much defaced by the fire as above-mentioned. In the south cross was Burleigh chantry, mentioned before, which being burnt down in 1590, was repaired by John Darell, esq. of Calehill, then proprietor of it, whose arms are on the pews of it, as mentioned below. In king Richard II.'s time, the block on which St. John the Baptist was said to have been beheaded, was brought into England, and kept in this church. In the high chancel is a memorial for Samuel Belcher, gent. of Charing, obt. 1756, æt. 6l. and for his two wives. In the little chancel, now called Wickins chancel, are memorials for the Nethersoles and Derings; in the middle isle, for Peirce, Henman, and Ludwell; in the north cross monuments for Sir Robert Honywood, of Pett, and the Sayer family; in the south cross, memorials for Mushey Teale, M.D. in 1760, and for Mary his wife; his arms, Azure, a cockatrice regardant, sable; in chief, three martlets of the second. The pews in it are of oak, and much ornamented at their ends next the space with carvework, among which are these arms, a coat quarterly, first and sourth, A lion rampant, crowned; second, A fess indented, in chief, three mullets; third, Three bugle-horns stringed, impaling a fess, between three cross-croslets, fitchee. Another, Three bugle-horns stringed. Another, A lion rampant, crowned, or. Another, the crest of a Saracen's head, 1598.
The church of Charing was antiently appendant to the manor, and was part of the possessions of the see of Canterbury, to which it was appropriated before the 8th year of king Richard II. and it remained with it till archbishop Cranmer, anno 37 Henry VIII. granted that manor, and all his estates within this parish, and the advowsons of this rectory and vicarage, to the king; (fn. 10) and these advowsons remained in the crown till Edward VI. granted them, together with the advowson of the chapel of Egerton, and other premises in Essex, in exchange, in his first year, to the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, London. In which state they continue at this time, the dean and chapter of St. Paul's being now proprietors of this rectory appropriate, together with the advowson of the vicarage of this church.
¶King Henry VIII. in his 38th year, demised this rectory, and the chapel of Egerton, to Leonard Hetherington, gent. for twenty-one years, and the lease of it continued in his descendants till one of them sold his interest in it, in king James I.'s reign. to John Dering, esq. of Egerton, but by some means, long before his death in 1618, it had passed into the possession of Edward, lord Wotton. How long it continued in his family I have not found; but it afterwards was demised to the family of Barrell, of Rochester, with whom the demise of it remained for many years; and in one of their delcendants it remained down to the Rev. Edmund Marthall, vicar of this parish, who died in 1797, possessed of the lease of it.
This vicarage is valued in the king's books at thirteen pounds, and the yearly tenths at 1l. 6s. and is now of the clear yearly certified value of seventy-two pounds. In 1588 it was valued at fifty pounds. Communicants three hundred and twenty-six. In 1640, at eighty pounds. Communicants three hundred and seventy; and in 1700 it was valued at one hundred and ten pounds.
In 1535 this church was accounted a sinecure, which accounts for its having been formerly called a prebend.
Le cimetière chinois de Nolette est un cimetière situé le territoire de la commune française de Noyelles-sur-Mer où sont inhumés les travailleurs civils chinois employés par l'armée britannique pendant la Première Guerre mondiale.
Il s'agit du plus grand cimetière chinois de France et d'Europe
Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, Noyelles abrita une importante base arrière britannique dont un grand camp de coolies (travailleurs immigrés chinois). Ils furent recrutés par l'armée britannique entre 1917 et 1919 dans le cadre du corps de travailleurs chinois (en anglais, Chinese Labour Corps), pour des tâches de manutention à l'arrière du front mais certains connaitront les zones de combat.
Ils représentent l'une des premières immigrations chinoises en France. Ils avaient l'interdiction de se mêler à la population civile du lieu. Certains resteront en France après la Grande Guerre.
Chinois en France
L'entrée du cimetière chinois de Nolette.
Ils étaient affectés à des tâches pénibles et dangereuses comme le terrassement de tranchées, le ramassage des soldats morts sur le champ de bataille, le déminage des terrains reconquis, la blanchisserie, les services de santé auprès des malades, en particulier ceux atteints de la grippe espagnole...
En 1921, le gouvernement britannique décida l'édification du cimetière chinois à Nolette. Le Major Truelove est chargé de sa réalisation sous l'autorité d'Edwin Lutyens.
Depuis 2002, le cimetière de Nolette est le lieu de célébration de la Fête de Qing Ming (Fête des Morts chinoise) en France organisée par le Conseil pour l'intégration des communautés d'origine chinoise en France.
On trouve dans le département de la Somme des tombes de coolies dans les cimetières d'Abbeville, Albert, Daours, Gézaincourt, Tincourt-Boucly et Villers-Carbonnel.
Propriété de l'État français et gérée par la Commonwealth War Graves Commission, la nécropole située près du hameau de Nolette dans la commune de Noyelles-sur-Mer a été inaugurée en 1921 par le Préfet de la Somme. 849 travailleurs chinois sont inhumés à Noyelles-sur-Mer. La plupart travaillait au camp chinois de l'armée britannique situé sur la commune entre 1917 et 1919.
Tombe de Yang Shiyue 楊十月 originaire du Shandong, mort le 12 janvier 19191.
Beaucoup sont morts d'une épidémie de choléra qui a sévi dans le camp, de la grippe espagnole en 1918-1919 ou de la tuberculose, voire tués dans les zones de combat.
Le site est caractérisée par le portail d'entrée, les inscriptions sur les tombes et les essences d'arbres (pins, cèdres...) qu'on ne rencontre pas dans les autres cimetières du Commonwealth ainsi que par l'absence de croix du Sacrifice et de pierre du Souvenir.
Les tombes de ce cimetière sont constituées de 849 stèles en marbre blanc, avec sur chacune d'elle gravée une inscription en anglais « Faithful unto Death » ou « Though dead he still liveth » ou encore « A good reputation endures for ever » ainsi que des idéogrammes chinois et parfois, très rarement, le nom en anglais ou le matricule du défunt.
Le porche monumental et le mur de l'entrée tiennent lieu de mémorial pour la quarantaine de Chinois morts sur terre ou sur mer sans tombes connues.
Des statues de lions offerts par la République populaire de Chine sont situées, non loin de la nécropole, à l'entrée de la rue qui mène au cimetière de Nolette
English
Saint-Malo Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Vincent-de-Saragosse de Saint-Malo) is a Roman Catholic cathedral dedicated to Saint Vincent of Saragossa, and a national monument of France, in Saint-Malo, Brittany.
It was formerly the seat of the Bishop of Saint-Malo. This see was created in 1146 when Jean de Châtillon, Bishop of Aleth, transferred his bishopric to the growing town of Saint-Malo on a more secure site across the river. The monastery of Saint Malo, founded in 1108, became the home of the bishopric and its church the new cathedral, replacing Aleth Cathedral.
It was abolished under the Concordat of 1801 and its territory divided between the dioceses of Rennes, Saint-Brieuc and Vannes.
FRENCH
La cathédrale Saint-Vincent-de-Saragosse de Saint-Malo est une ancienne cathédrale catholique romaine dédiée à saint Vincent de Saragosse, situé à Saint-Malo en Bretagne. Son architecture mélange les styles roman et gothique, et elle est classée monument historique de France1.
Elle a été le siège de l'ancien évêché de Saint-Malo depuis l'année 1146. Ce dernier fut supprimé par le concordat de 1801, et son territoire réparti entre les diocèses de Rennes, de Saint-Brieuc et de Vannes.
L'évêché de Saint-Malo fut créé en 1146, lorsque Jean de Châtillon, évêque d'Aleth depuis 1144, transféra son évêché à Saint-Malo, ville en croissance continue à l'époque, qui constituait en outre un site beaucoup plus sûr. Il fallut attendre 1146 et l'agrément du pape Eugène III, pour que le transfert puisse s'effectuer. Le monastère de Saint-Malo, fondé en 1108, devint la résidence de l'évêque et son église monastique devint cathédrale, remplaçant ainsi la cathédrale Saint-Pierre d'Aleth. Des transformations furent réalisées dont l'édification du chœur, ce qui en fit un monument totalement de style roman.
De cet édifice de style roman du XIIe siècle subsistent la nef, la croisée du transept et une travée des croisillons nord et sud, ainsi qu'une partie du cloître. Le chœur a été reconstruit au XIIIe siècle, la tour commencée au XIIe fut surélevée au XVe, de même que le collatéral sud et trois chapelles du chœur. À la fin du XVIe siècle et au début du XVIIe siècle (entre 1583 et 1607), on reconstruisit le collatéral nord, tandis que le transept nord fut agrandi. L'aile du rosaire au sud fut commencée dans les années 1620. En 1695, les canons de la flotte anglo-hollandaise détruisirent la rosace du chevet, laquelle fut remplacée par trois baies en plein-cintre.
Au XVIIIe siècle, on édifia la chapelle sud, et la tour du clocher fut surélevée. La façade fut reconstruite peu après, en style néoclassique (1772-1773).
Au XIXe siècle, Napoléon III se laissa convaincre par le curé de l'époque de faire coiffer la tour d'une grande flèche ajourée, laquelle fut entourée de quatre clochetons ajourés, construite par Frangeul Père et Fils. (Cette flèche remplaçait un petit dôme d'ardoise).
Au XXe siècle enfin, la cathédrale fut endommagée lors des combats de l'été 1944. La flèche fut pilonée par un destroyer Allemand, croyant qu'elle pourrait servir de repère aux Américains, et elle s'écroula sur la chapelle dite « du Sacré-Cœur ». Les dégâts nécessitèrent une restauration importante qui débuta dès 1944, dirigée par l'architecte Raymond Cornon, et se termina en 1972. La flèche de la cathédrale fut reconstruite en un style plus proche de celui de l'ensemble de l'édifice par l'architecte Prunet et abrite quatre cloches, ce clocher a été vivement contesté par les Malouins à l'époque, et aujourd'hui encore beaucoup de Malouins regrettent l'ancienne flèche.
Suite à la grande restauration de 1944-1972 et aux derniers embellissements, on peut dire que la cathédrale Saint-Vincent-de-Saragosse à Saint-Malo a retrouvé toute sa splendeur.
Une nouvelle grande rosace conçue par Raymond Cornon, a remplacé les trois baies du chevet et restitue le visage de la cathédrale tel qu'il était avant les destructions anglaises de 1695. Jean Le Moal orna de vitraux les fenêtres des bras du transept et du chœur réalisés par Bernard Allain. Les nouveaux vitraux de la nef ont quant à eux été réalisés par Max Ingrand.
Les grandes orgues réalisées par les facteurs Koenig, père et fils, construites en 1977 et inaugurées en 1980. Il est composé de 4 claviers et 1 pédalier et 35 jeux, cet orgue remplace celui de Louis Debierre construit en 1893 de style romantique qui fut détruit en 1944.
Le mobilier du sanctuaire comporte notamment un maître-autel, un siège de présidence et un baptistère en bronze. Ce sont des œuvres d'Arcabas père et fils.
La cathédrale abrite également les restes de l'évêque fondateur Jean de Châtillon, de Jacques Cartier et du corsaire René Duguay-Trouin.
Depuis 2003, elle abrite la statue de la Vierge à l'Enfant dite Notre-Dame de la Grand'Porte. Celle-ci restaurée se trouvait initialement au dessus de la Grand-Porte de Saint-Malo intra-muros où elle pour des raisons de protection et des intempéries remplacée par une copie.
português
A Catedral de São Vicente de Zaragoza Saint-Malo é um ex-catedral católica romana dedicada a São Vicente de Saragoça, localizado em Saint-Malo, na Bretanha. Sua arquitetura mistura os estilos românico e gótico, e é classificada como um monumento histórico na França 1.
Era o local do bispado ex-St. Malo dos 1146 anos. O último foi suprimido pela Concordata de 1801, e seu território dividido entre as dioceses de Rennes, Saint-Brieuc e Vannes.
O bispado de St. Malo foi criado em 1146, quando Jean de Châtillon, Bispo de Aleth desde 1144, transferiu sua sede em Saint-Malo, o crescimento da cidade continua na época, que era também um local muito mais seguro . Não foi até 1146 ea aprovação do Papa Eugênio III, a transferência pode ter lugar. O mosteiro de Saint-Malo, fundada em 1108, tornou-se a residência do bispo e da igreja monástica tornou-se uma catedral, substituindo a Catedral de St. Pierre Aleth. Transformações foram realizadas com a construção do coro, que fizeram um total de monumentos românicos.
Este edifício românico do século XII, permanecem a nave, o transepto e cintas abrangem o norte eo sul, e parte do claustro. A capela-mor foi reconstruído no século XIII, a torre foi iniciada no décimo segundo ao décimo quinto levantadas, bem como o corredor sul do coro e três capelas. No final do século XVI e início do século XVII (entre 1583 e 1607), que reconstruiu o corredor norte, enquanto o transepto norte foi alargada. A ala sul do Rosário foi iniciada na década de 1620. Em 1695, as armas da frota anglo-holandesa destruiu a rosácea da abside, que foi substituído por três baía semicircular.
No século XVIII, construiu a capela ao sul, ea torre sineira foi levantada. A fachada foi reconstruída logo depois, em estilo neoclássico (1772-1773).
No século XIX, Napoleão III foi persuadido pelo sacerdote do tempo para tampar a torre de uma grande seta perfurado, que foi cercado por quatro torres perfurado, Frangeul construído pelo Pai e Filho. (Esta seta substituiu uma pequena cúpula de ardósia).
Finalmente no século XX, a catedral foi danificada durante o conflito no verão de 1944. A seta foi pilonée um destróier alemão, acreditando que ele poderia servir como uma referência para os americanos, e ela caiu sobre a capela chamada de "Sagrado Coração". O dano exigiu uma grande restauração, que começou em 1944, liderado pelo arquiteto Raymond Cornon, e terminou em 1972. A torre da catedral foi reconstruída em um estilo mais próximo ao de todo o edifício pela Prunet arquiteto e casas quatro sinos, o sino foi fortemente contestada pelo St. Malo na época, e hoje grande parte do Malouins seta velha arrependimento.
Após a grande restauração de 1944-1972 e as últimas melhorias, podemos dizer que a Catedral de São Vicente de Saragoça, em Saint-Malo recuperou toda a sua glória.
Uma janela nova rosa grande desenhado por Raymond Cornon, substituiu os três baías da abside e restaura o rosto da catedral como era antes da destruição da Inglaterra em 1695. Jean Le Moal adornado com vitrais na transeptos e coro conduzido por Bernard Allain. As novas janelas na nave foram entretanto feitas por Max Ingrand.
O grande órgão feito por fatores Koenig, pai e filho, construído em 1977 e inaugurado em 1980. Tem 4 teclados e um pedal e 35 jogos, este órgão substitui o Debierre Louis construída em 1893 em estilo romântico, que foi destruída em 1944.
A mobília do santuário deve incluir um altar, um assento de cadeira e um batistério bronze. Estas são obras de Arcabas pai e filho.
A catedral também abriga os restos mortais do fundador Jean Bispo de Chatillon, Jacques Cartier e corsário René Duguay-Trouin.
Desde 2003, abriga a estátua da Virgem com o Menino conhecida como Nossa Senhora de Porte do Grand '. Ele foi inicialmente restaurados pela Grande Porte de Saint-Malo intra muros, onde por razões de protecção dos elementos e substituído por uma cópia.