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Field and Tilt Armor (1590)
•Consists Of:
A.Burgonet
B.Gorget
C.right pauldron
D.backplate
E.breastplate and tassets
F.Lance rest
G.Right vambrace
H.Right gauntlet
I.Locking gauntlet
J.Gauntlet linings
K.Left pauldron
L.Left vambrace
M.Right tasset plate
N.Left tasset plate
O.Right cuisse and poleyn
P.Right greave and sabaton
Q.Knuckle plate
R.Knuckle plate
S.Knuckle plate
T.Armet
U.left gauntlet
V.left cuisse and poleyn
W.left greave and sabaton
•Place: England, Greenwich
•Location: Leeds, Tournament Gallery
•Object Number: II.40
•Object Title: Field and tilt armor
•Date: 1590
•Provenance: Probably transferred from Greenwich, 1649.
•Physical Description:
A.The skull of the burgonet (A) is of one piece with a medial roped comb and a peak. At the lower rear is a small neck guard attached by three rivets. Attached by internal hinges at either side are large, roughly square cheekpieces. The main edges have roped inward turns with recessed borders containing replacement round headed iron rivets in place of the original lining rivets. Each cheekpiece is embossed at the center with a decorative rosette of five petals, round ended, and five pointed sepals between them. To the rear of this at either side is a pierced stud for the falling buffe, and below it, original at the left, restored at the right, is a rectangular block with a roped edge for the same purpose. The recessed border on the peak is plain, and there is a row of rivets around the base of the skull, the one at the right corner an original flush rivet retaining a trace of the original lining band. At the rear of the skull is a plain iron plume holder with cusped and scalloped side edges, attached by four rivets. The exterior is bright and slightly patinated. There is a small riveted repair at the right of the peak, a long crack at the left of the skull above the cheekpiece and a shorter one beside it, at the corner of the peak. The roping on the comb is corroding through in several places. At the lower left corner of the skull at the neck is a crack and a vacant rivet hole from the original neck guard.
B.The gorget (B) is formed of a main plate with three lames above front and rear. The main edges of the upper lames have roped inward turns bordered by double incised lines and a row of modern brass lining rivet retaining a modern buff leather lining band, and the subsidiary edges are bordered by double incised lines. The lower main edge is scalloped and bordered by single incised lines, with a modern round headed rivet retaining a leather lining band in each scallop. The upper lames are hinged at the left and fastened by two modern sprung studs at the right, and the main plates are joined at the left by a modern brass pierced stud and nail at the left and a modern iron mushroom headed stud and keyhole slot at the right. The plates are articulated by three internal leathers at front and rear, attached to each lame by pairs of rivets. Rows of original decorative rivets follow the lines of the outermost leather rivets at either side. The exterior is bright and rubbed. The rear lames are numbered with 3, 2 and 1 dots from the top down. No numbering is visible on the front lames.
C.The right pauldron (C) is formed of five lames overlapping upwards. The main edges have roped inward turns, the roping symmetrical with two dots at the center, with recessed borders containing modern brass lining rivets, and the subsidiary edges are bordered by double incised lines. At the center front of the upper lame is an embossed bulge for the collar bone. The front edge is cut away for the lance, and the rear edge is fully rounded. The lames are articulated by three double width and one single width internal leathers of modern buff. A modern leather lining band and replica lining are fitted. At the lower edge is a modern strap and buckle for fastening round the vambrace. At the center of the upper edge is a large hole for the stud on the shoulder strap, an adjacent hole from a previous configuration, and a modern bifurcated pin on a brown lace for securing it. The exterior is bright and rubbed.
D.The backplate (D) is formed of one piece, shaped to the shoulders, with a low, flat neck, and a flange at the waist. The main edges have symmetrically roped inward turns with broad recessed borders. The center of the waist flange has a cusp. At either shoulder is a hinged steel shoulder strap, pierced with three holes for the breastplate stud, with a small adjacent hole with a pin on a brown lace, fitted with a large pierced stud for the pauldron (on a hinged plate riveted to a lobe at the right), and attached inside the backplate by three rivets. At either side is a pierced stud for the breastplate hasp. It is decorated with pairs of incised lines running down the center and from either arm to the waist center, these so rubbed as to be hardly visible. The exterior is bright with some patination. There are riveted repairs inside each side edge. There are cracks at the center right of the flange edge and center left of the neck edge, a large area of lamination inside the flange towards the right and a crack at the angle of the flange towards the left.
E.The breastplate (and tassets, (E)) has a low-neck medial ridge and a deep peascod, with a flange at the waist. At either arm is a gusset attached by a rivet at the bottom and a sliding rivet at the top. At either side is a modern hinged hasp pierced with three holes, to fasten the backplate, and a small loop at the end with a pin on a brown lace. At the right of center is a set of five pierced lugs and a key for the lance rest. At the center is a filler for the hole for the grandguard stud, attached by a modern nut and washers. Modern to the flange is attached a single fauld plate by a modern sliding rivet at either side. The tassets are each attached by two hinged hasps. Each tasset is of three lames, overlapping upwards. Each is articulated by a leather at the center and inside, and by sliding rivets on the outside. Those on the left tasset are of modern buff leather, but those on the right are older but not original, being attached by brass (rather than brass capped iron) rivets. Leather lining bands of the same vintage are attached to both tassets by similar rivets. Each tasset has a turning pin at the inner end of its lower lame and a stud at the outer, for attachment of the extension lames. The main edges have symmetrically roped inward turns, about triple crests on the breastplate, with recessed borders on the tassets, and the subsidiary edges are bordered by double incised lines. The exterior is bright, rubbed and slightly patinated. A long crack runs around the angle of the flange, and the upper lame of the left tassets has a riveted repair at its inner end. Painted inside 21-8 (for 21 lb., 8 oz), 13/3.
F.The lance rest (F) is of steel, comprising a round ended flat plate pierced at the inner end with a slot for the key, riveted to a vertical plate with a scrolled lower corner, and cut with five slots to engage the lugs on the breastplate, and the two sections are joined by a scrolled angle bracket. The surfaces are all bright.
G.The right vambrace (G) comprises an upper cannon and turner with three lames above, a bracelet couter with one articulating lame above and below, and two lames above and below the inside of the joint, and a lower cannon formed of two plates hinged at the outside and fastened by a sprung stud and swivel hook inside, with a separate articulated cuff plate on the front plate. The main edges have roped inward turns, the roping symmetrical with one dot at the center, with recessed borders. The subsidiary edges are bordered by double incised lines. The upper section has a modern buff leather tab and is articulated by dark modern leathers at the front and center, and by sliding rivets (replaced by nuts and bolts) at the rear. The couter is made in two parts, the front section with its inner and outer wings attached by two modern brass rivets at the inside and one at the outside. The exterior is bright and slightly patinated. At the front of the cuff is a small hole. Above this is riveted with two brass rivets the base of a modern brown leather strap, probably for display purposes. At the inside of the turner are two holes, one slightly enlarged.
H.The right gauntlet (H) has a cuff of two pieces, joined by two rivets at either side, and slightly flaring. Inside the wrist is a wrist plate shaped to the thumb and two articulating lames. Outside are three metacarpal lames, a fourth which is extended to include the base of the thumb defense, and a fifth which is shaped to the knuckles. All these overlap upwards and are articulated by rivets at either side. The knuckle plate and the single carpal lame were restored in 1978. The thumb is protected by three scales and the fingers by 6, 7, 7 and 6 scales respectively, a few of which may be original, all riveted to modern leathers. The main edges have plain inward turns with recessed borders containing modern brass lining rivets at the cuff edge, and original brass-capped iron rivets with washers, and a flush rivet at either end, retaining fragments of the original leather lining band on the wrist plate. Inside the gauntlet is sewn a modern leather cuff and a glove. The exterior is bright and slightly patinated. The cuff edge at the inner corner of the inside plate, and the wrist plate by the thumb, are damaged.
I.The left pauldron (K) is formed of five lames overlapping upwards. The main edges have roped inward turns, the roping symmetrical with two dots at the center, with recessed borders containing modern brass lining rivets, and the subsidiary edges are bordered by double incised lines. At the center front of the upper lame is an embossed bulge for the collar bone. The front and rear edges are fully rounded. The lames are articulated by three double width and one single width internal leathers of modern buff. A modern leather lining band and replica lining are fitted. At the lower edge is a modern strap and buckle for fastening round the vambrace. At the center of the upper edge is a large hole for the stud on the shoulder strap, and a modern bifurcated pin on a brown lace for securing it. The exterior is bright and rubbed.
J.The left vambrace (L) comprises an upper cannon and turner with three lames above, a bracelet couter with one articulating lame above and below, and two lames above and below the inside of the joint, and a lower cannon formed of two plates hinged at the outside and fastened by a sprung stud and swivel hook inside, with a separate articulated cuff plate on the front plate. The main edges have roped inward turns, the roping symmetrical with one dot at the center, with recessed borders. The subsidiary edges are bordered by double incised lines. The upper section has a modern buff leather tab and is articulated by dark modern leathers at the front and center, and by sliding rivets (replaced by nuts and bolts) at the rear. The couter has a pierced stud for attachment of a pasguard. The couter is made in two parts, the front section with its inner and outer winds attached by a brass capped iron rivet at the inside and outside. The exterior is bright and slightly patinated. At the front of the cuff is a hole, with an adjacent nick in the edge of the main plate.
K.The right cuisse (and poleyn, O) is formed of eight lames overlapping upwards, articulated by a modern black leather on pairs of rivets at the center, sliding rivets (all modern) at the outside and riveted solidly, entirely with modern rivets, at the inside, with additional restraining leathers at either edge. The poleyn has a main plate with a wing at the outside, and two articulating lames below. The lower of these has a flat main edge, with a keyhole slot at the outside and a large hole for a stud at the inside. All the elements are joined by original brass capped iron rivets with washers except for the outside rivet on the lower lame, which has a more modern but still old brass rivet and washer. The main edges have roped inward turns, symmetrical with central chevrons, and recessed borders, forming a heart-shaped center on the wing. The subsidiary edges are bordered by double incised lines, quite rubbed across the center. At the center top is a modern buff leather tab for pointing the cuisse, and at either side at the top and on the poleyn main plate are modern buff leather straps and buckles with modern brass figure-8 buckles. The exterior is bright and slightly patinated. The fifth lame has some damage to its edges in the recessed borders at either side.
L.The right greave (and sabaton, P) extends to the sole of the foot, with front and rear plates articulated at the ankle by three lames at the front and four at the rear, all overlapping upwards. The sabaton is of ten lames, overlapping towards the fifth lame. The toe plate is shaped into a waisted square end and is extended underneath to retain the shoe. The articulating lames on the greave and the sabaton lames are also joined by their original internal leathers, all on pairs of flush iron rivets, with pairs of brass capped iron rivets on the toe and heel plates. At the heel is a spur, lacking its rowel (a six-pointed piece of leather is in place) with a decoratively cusped scalloped and angled neck, and sides riveted to the rear heel plate. At either side of the heel plate, at the lower edge, is a rivet hole for an under-sole strap, now lost. The greave is hinged at the outside with three original hinges, all attached with brass capped iron rivets, and fastened by pierced studs and swivel hooks at the top and bottom, and by a sprung stud at the middle. The sabaton lames are articulated by brass capped iron rivets at either side. The main edges have roped inward turns, the upper edge of the rear plate of the greave with a recessed border. The subsidiary edges are bordered by double incised lines. The exterior is bright and slightly patinated. The stud at the inside of the upper edge is replaced and fitted on a riveted repair. At the lower rear of the heel is a crack and a soldered repair, now salting.
M.The left gauntlet (U) has a cuff is of two pieces, joined by one rivet at either side, and slightly flaring. Inside the wrist is a single wrist plate shaped to the thumb. Outside are three metacarpal lames, a fourth which is extended to include the base of the thumb defense, and a fifth which is shaped to the knuckles. All these overlap upwards and are articulated by rivets at either side. The knuckle plate and the single carpal lame were restored in 1978. The thumb is protected by three scales and the fingers by 6, 7, 7 and 6 scales respectively, a few of which may be original, all riveted to modern leathers. The main edges have plain inward turns bordered by double incised lines and modern brass lining rivets at the cuff edge, and original iron rivets with washers, and a flush rivet at the thumb end on the wrist plate. Inside the gauntlet is sewn a modern leather cuff and a glove. The exterior is bright and slightly patinated. The wrist plate has a large riveted repair, as does the fourth metacarpal lame where it is extended for the thumb. The cuff edge has several areas of minor damage, and a suspension hole at the inner center.
N.The left cuisse (and poleyn, V) cuisse is formed of eight lames articulated by a modern black leather on pairs of rivets at the center, sliding rivets (all modern) at the outside and riveted solidly, entirely with modern rivets, at the inside, with additional restraining leathers at either edge. The poleyn has a main plate with a wing at the outside, and two articulating lames below. The lower of these has a flat main edge, with a keyhole slot at the outside and a large hole for a stud at the inside. All the elements are joined by original brass capped iron rivets with washers. The main edges have roped inward turns, symmetrical with central chevrons, and recessed borders, forming a heart-shaped center on the wing. The subsidiary edges are bordered by double incised lines. At the center top is a modern buff leather tab for pointing the cuisse, and at either side at the top and on the poleyn main plate are modern buff leather straps and buckles with modern brass figure-8 buckles. The exterior is bright and slightly patinated. The cuisse lames are numbered inside I-VIII.
O.The left greave (and sabaton, W) extends to the sole of the foot, with front and rear plates articulated at the ankle by three lames at the front and four at the rear, all overlapping upwards. The sabaton is of ten lames, overlapping towards the fifth lame. The toe plate is shaped into a waisted square end and is extended underneath to retain the shoe. The articulating lames on the greave and the sabaton lames are also joined by their original internal leathers, all on pairs of flush iron rivets, with pairs of brass capped iron rivets on the toe and heel plates. At the heel is a spur, lacking its rowel (a six-pointed piece of leather is in place) with a decoratively cusped scalloped and angled neck, and sides riveted to the rear heel plate. At either side of the heel plate, at the lower edge, is a rivet hole for an under-sole strap, now lost. The greave is hinged at the outside with three original hinges, all attached with brass capped iron rivets, and fastened by pierced studs and swivel hooks at the top and bottom, and by a sprung stud at the middle. The sabaton lames are articulated by brass capped iron rivets and washers at either side, with a modern rivet and washer on the fifth lame. The main edges have roped inward turns, the upper edge of the rear plate of the greave with a recessed border. The subsidiary edges are bordered by double incised lines. The exterior is bright and slightly patinated. The stud at the inside of the upper edge is replaced.
•Dimensions:
oDimensions: burgonet height 300 mm, width 224 mm, depth 330 mm, gorget height 185 mm, width 351 mm, depth 290 mm, right pauldron height 254 mm, width 270 mm, depth 310 mm, backplate height 398 mm, width 404 mm, depth 170 mm, breastplate height 560 mm, width 405 mm, tassets 320 x 200 mm, lance rest length 104 mm, height 70 mm, width 61 mm, right vambrace length 525 mm, right gauntlet length 354 mm, width 145 mm, left pauldron height 254 mm, width 270 mm, depth 345 mm, left vambrace length 506 mm, right cuisse and poleyn length 395 mm, width 182 mm, right greave and sabaton height 456 mm, foot length 275 mm, left gauntlet length 360 mm, width 135 mm, left cuisse and poleyn length 380 mm, width 182 mm, left greave and sabaton height 450 mm, foot length 275 mm, B,C,D,E,F,G,I,K,L,O,P,T,U,V,W as mounted overall height: 1795 mm; width: 870 mm; depth: 630 mm. Armor as mounted without helmet: c.1580 mm.
oWeight: burgonet 2485 g, gorget 1875 g, right pauldron 1860 g, backplate 3160 g, breastplate and tassets 7950 g, lance rest 296 g, right vambrace 1835 g, right gauntlet 810 g, left pauldron 2360 g, left vambrace 1805 g, right cuisse and poleyn 1155 g, right greave and sabaton 1575 g, left gauntlet 790 g, left cuisse and poleyn 1300 g, left greave and sabaton 1570 g, total as mounted 25501g (25.5 kg, 56 lb. 6 oz)
•Component Parts:
oRight cuisse and poleyn
oGorget
oGauntlet
oLeft pauldron
oKnuckle plate
oLeft greave and sabaton
oLeft vambrace
oBackplate
oLeft cuisse and poleyn
oRight vambrace
oKnuckle plate
oGauntlet linings
oRight gauntlet
oKnuckle plate
oLeft gauntlet
oRight tasset plate
oBreastplate and tassets
oArmet
oLance rest
oRight greave and sabaton
oRight pauldron
oLeft tasset plate
oBurgonet
•Inscriptions and Marks: No marks, other than constriction marks cited above.
•Associations:
oPlaces: England, Greenwich
•Bibliographic References
oA.R. Dufty and W. Reid, European Armor in the Tower of London, 1968, plate XLVI.
oC. Paggiarino, The Royal Armories, masterpieces of medieval and renaissance arms and armor, Milan, 2011 volume 2
•Notes:
oThe so-called “William the Conqueror” armor, from its use in the Line of Kings at the Tower.
A pointy bow and a pointy stern are the hallmarks of these "double enders," as they were called. When the federal prohibition of fishing-vessel motorization ended with Alaska Statehood, these boats were mechanized, with a propeller-shaft being added alongside the stern skeg near the rudder.
The entire fleet of double-enders was retired as newer vessels were designed with engines incorporated into the design and within a decade, few of these girls could still be found on the fishing grounds.... and hence, the glorious era of sailing ships in Alaska came to a sudden end.
Konecranes Double girder Goliath cranes are designed specifically for handling waste containers from barges onto vehicles that take the waste into the controversial Belvedere Incinerator plant for processing, then the cranes return the empty containers onto the barges.
MP24305
Double Arch, Arches National Park, Utah. I kept looking for the cave Indiana Jones found here, but couldn't seem to locate it.
With our Double Gun, fighters can leverage the power of full-body resistance (from the hands and feet) to gain upper – and lower-body training. For fighters, this added resistance translates into faster and more explosive hands, quicker movement in takedowns, technical self-correction, and stronger offensive and defensive movements in the round. With the Slastix pulling from all four extremities, the body is required to work even harder to balance – especially when exerting the amount of force required for striking. stroo.ps/double
Phalacrocorax auritus and some Heermann's Gulls during an off-an-on feeding frenzy,
Cayucos, California
I always feel like they're just waiting for one of the bunch to take off in any direction and they will all follow, as if anyone decisive must know something.
Seen in Monkgate on a diverted number 1 service, these Volvo B7TL Alexander ALX400's are supposed to be 10 minutes apart but have instead reverted to Firstgroup's standard service reliability. Both buses even have the same adverts!
Although on divert, these buses did honor the stops along the divert route. Sometimes when the number 1's double up like this, one of them will serve the Eastfield Avenue loop in Haxby whilst the other will not in order to get ahead. This doesn't happen very often though.
This would have been a better picture, but as is always the way some ugly small car has to get in the way.
Lovely white flowers ( I think are Gymnema Sylvestre) photographed in pair on Chaturshringi Hills in Pune-India.
From Wikipedia:
Gymnema sylvestre R.Br. is a herb native to the tropical forests of southern and central India where it has been used as a naturopathic treatment for diabetes for nearly two millennium.
Sanskrit Name : Meshasringi, Madhinasini or madhoolika,
Marathi: मेष शिंगी, लोखंडी, Hindi: Gurmar, Tamil and Malayalam are Sirukurinchaan(சிறுகுரிஞ்சான்), Amudhapushpam, Chakkarakkolli.
The Hindi word Gur-mar (Madhunaashini in Sanskrit, Chakkarakolli in Tamil), literally means sugar destroyer. Meshasringa (Sanskrit) translates as "ram's horn", a name given to the plant from the shape of its fruits. Gymnema probably derives from the Latin word meaning naked and sylvestre means from the forest.
I saw a double rainbow this morning in the park. Pretty special. No I didn't cry - I laughed a little.
Being there, seeing and taking action.
It takes all three to get a photo like this.
Call it serendipity, luck, timing, what you may, it still takes more. Being aware of the present moment, open to seeing what's going on, and of course, having a camera available and being ready to use it.
Sissy likes to look out our windows. In fact, show me any cat that doesn't do this exact behavior and more than once a day, and that's a very old and tired cat. House cats may be sedentary 97% of the time, but they make up for it in the remaining 3%. The birds in the tree branches just outside the window have a fascination for Sissy especially of our two cats. She has the heart of a huntress.
She pays attention, and sees.
Double Windmill Quilt
Designed and folded by Marcela Brina
More details in: www.artisbellus.com/2011/08/origami-quilts-double-windmil...
The statue of D. José on the foreground, and the top of the Arch of Triumph on the background. This square, by the river Tagus in Lisbon, is known both as "Terreiro do Paço" and "Praça do Comércio", interchangeably. A double identity.
#AB_FAV_SPRING_🌷
A sneak preview of Spring, a whiff of fresh fragrance, it gives hope... in these still Winter days.
Wishing you a bright day and thank you for your ongoing support, it means a lot, M, (*_*)
For more: www.indigo2photography.com
IT IS STRICTLY FORBIDDEN (BY LAW!!!) TO USE ANY OF MY images or TEXT on websites, blogs or any other media without my explicit permission.
If you do, without accreditation, it is STEALING © All rights reserved
NARCISSI, yellow, orange, corolla, macro, double, Daffodils, petals, flower, portrait, Spring, studio, colour, black-background, design, square, NikonD7000, "Magda indigo"
Double Exposure.
This door hand all of these paint hand prints on it.
Shot up close and back a bit...double exposure to see what would happen.
Holga 120 on iLford xp2 400 iso film.