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The Norcon pillbox was made from a concrete pipe 6ft in diameter and 4ft high, the walls were 4in of non-reinforced concrete with several cut loopholes. The pipe would be sunk into the ground over a pit that would provide a total of 6ft headroom.
The standard model had a roof made of timber, corrugated iron, and earth. Some installations were fitted with a concrete roof, others had no roof at all. The walls were given extra protection by a layer of sandbags and the exit may be via an open roof, through a hatch in the roof or through a low entrance cut into the pipe to a slit trench.
Norcon was not the only company to design a defence made from pipes. A similar design was the Croft pillbox developed by the Croft Granite, Brick and Concrete Company. However, the Norcon was by far the most common and gave its name to the general type.
Norcon Ltd was a small company specialising in the manufacture of large spun concrete pipes. In 1938, they were looking for new ways to market their products, the company experimented with producing air raid shelters. Although this venture does not appear to have been very successful, at least one very small and cramped Norcon shelter has recently been found.
In July 1940, as Norcons were being installed, one officer raised concerns after one pipe section had broken while being rolled into position and an installed Norcon had not stood up well to a concentrated burst of machine gun fire. Concerns of these sorts have understandably led to the Norcon being regarded as ''possibly the most dangerous, cheap and nasty of all pillbox designs'' certainly, it cannot have offered the protection equivalent to a conventional reinforced concrete pillbox, but according to the Chief Engineer of Eastern Command ''it would appear to be considerably better than many sandbag emplacements under construction.''
The pipe was made from a high alumina fondue cement which set quickly, making it possible to turn out about 20 units a day. Also, the fondue cement cured quickly reaching a strength in 24hrs for which Portland cement required 28 days to set. Although relatively few were actually built, Norcons were found all over the United Kingdom, from southwest England to the Orkney Islands.
The holding company Bowmaker purchased a controlling interest in Norcon Limited in 1943 and Norcon managed to show a profit, the company prospered after the end of hostilities.
With a diameter of 100 meters, the Radio Telescope Effelsberg is one of the largest fully steerable radio telescopes on earth. Its inauguration took place on May 12, 1971. Since the full start of operations in 1972, the technology has been continually improved (i.e. new surface for the antenna-dish, better reception of high-quality data, extremely low noise electronics) making it one of the most advanced modern telescopes worldwide.
stoneware
height 23 cm base diameter 5.6 cm
Vase by Dr. Carl McConnell OA made in the first period of the Pinjarra Pottery between 1958 and 1962. McConnell started pottery in Brisbane in 1948, where he studied at the Central Technical College (assisting Hatton Beck 1901-1994) and became instructor of painting and carving from 1952-1954. His first studio was set up at Norman Park in 1954. Five years later, in 1959, he opened up the "Pinjarra Pottery", where he produced a wide variety of Japanese influenced stoneware items. McConnell was one of the first potters in Australia to do so and it is in this respect that he became influential to many studio potters of the 1970s and 1980s. His honours include a Fellowship of Brisbane advanced Education and a doctorate for the Arts at Queensland University of Technology, as well as Medal of the Order of Australia (granted 2004), for service to the arts as a ceramic artist and teacher of the craft.
With a diameter of 100 meters, the Radio Telescope Effelsberg is one of the largest fully steerable radio telescopes on earth. Since operations started in 1972, the technology has been continually improved (i.e. new surface for the antenna-dish, better reception of high-quality data, extremely low noise electronics) making it one of the most advanced modern telescopes worldwide.
The telescope is employed to observe pulsars, cold gas- and dust clusters, the sites of star formation, jets of matter emitted by black holes and the nuclei (centres) of distant far-off galaxies.
Effelsberg is an important part of the worldwide network of radio telescopes. The combination of different telescopes in interferometric mode makes possible to obtain the sharpest images of the universe.
Text (C) Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
The telescope may receive radio signals from a distance of up to 12bn light years. Together with a radio telescope in the US (Green Bank, Virginia), it is the largest radio telescope in the world.
The photos show the telescope at different angles because it was turning quite a bit during our visit.
Diameter: 16MM
Power Consumption: 8W
Lumens: 650±50
Operational Voltage: AC:85-245
Colour Temperature:3000/4500/6500K
Appearance: Frosted/Transparent/Wave
Luminire Efficiency:>85%
Colour Rendering Index: >80%
Power Supply Efficiency: 87
View Angel: 120o
Operation Temperature: -20oC~+50oC
Storage Temperature: 0oC~45oC
Working Humidity: 15%~70%
Storage Humidity: 10%~90%
Main Material: Aluminum base+PC Cover
Certifications: CE, RoHS and so on
Warranty: Two Years
Note: LED T5 tube without cover and switch is also available.
Product Feature:
1.Light source: The advance SMD 3528 or 3014 provide with low energy consumption, long life and environment friendly.
2.Housing: The primal Aluminum alloy and innovative design disperses heat more efficiently
3.Switch: The on-off switch makes the light more connivance
4.PC cover: The covers transmittance rate is more than 90%
5.Fixture: The fixture is made by high quality aluminum alloy and strong structure. It is design to replace to all the conventional fluorescent.
6.Length: It is easy to carry due to the short length.
Application:
LED T5 Fluorescent Tubes are available in production line, working desks, offices, family home, hospital lighting, some special or bad situations and some special occasions that require safety.
Note:
All the items are under factory standard warranty.
Keep the item from water
Indoor used are highly recommended.
18013 Small Diameter HT 60/125 6000 N.m 1/2" input and a 1 1/2" output - Close up of the 1 1/2" output square.
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Home–Categories–Áp suất–Đồng hồ đo chênh áp–Đồng hồ đo chênh áp Dwyer–Series 4000 Capsuhelic
Mục lục nội dung
1.Product Applications. 1
2.Specifications. 1
3.Features. 1
4.Options. 1
5.Accessories. 1
6.Models & Ordering. 1
6.1. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 4XXX series. 1
6.2. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 43XX. 2
6.3. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 46XXB. 2
6.4. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 42XX. 2
6.5. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 4000-XX-MM… 2
6.6. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 4000-XXX-CM… 3
6.7. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 4300-XX-CM… 3
6.8. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 4000-XXX-PA.. 3
6.9. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 4000-XXX-PA.. 3
6.10. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 4000-XX-KPA.. 3
6.11. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 40XX, 41XX, 42XX, 43XX, 44XX, 45XX. 4
Thang đo Kilopascals – Zero Center. 4
1.Product Applications
Fluid flow
Liquid storage tanks
Filter pressure drops
Vacuum or differential pressure
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2.Specifications
Service:
Aluminum Case: Air and compatible gases and oil based liquids. Brass Case: Air and compatible gases and water based liquids.
Wetted Materials:
Consult factory.
Housing:
Die cast aluminum with impregnated hard coating, standard. Optional forged brass housing is required for water or water based fluids.Special material diaphragms available, contact factory.
Accuracy:
±3% of FS at 70°F (21.1°C). (±2% on 4000S models, ±4% on 4200, 4210, 4215, 4220, 4300, 4400, and 4500).
Pressure Limits:
-20" Hg to 500 psig. (-0.677 bar to 34.4 bar).
Temperature Limits:
20 to 200°F (-6.67 to 93.3°C).
Size:
4" (101.6 mm) diameter dial face.
Mounting Orientation:
Diaphragm in vertical position. Consult factory for other position orientations.
Process Connections:
1/4" female NPT high and low pressure taps, duplicated – one pair top for air and gas, and one pair bottom for liquids.
Weight:
3 lb, 3 oz (1.45 kg) aluminum case; 7 lb, 13 oz (3.54 kg) brass case.
Standard Accessories:
Two 1/4" NPT plugs for duplicate pressure taps, four flush mounting adapters with screws and four surface mounting screws.
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3.Features
Gage capsule permits high-pressure usage with small differentials
Zero and range adjustments outside of gage means no disassembly in normal service
Time-proven, simple, frictionless movement that permits full scale readings as low as 0.5 in w.c.
Diaphragm-actuated versus liquid filled gage supports outdoor use
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4.Options
ASF Adjustable Signal Flag
B Brass Case
Scale Overlays Red, Green, Mirrored or Combination, Specify Locations
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5.Accessories
Model Number
Description
A-309
3-way manifold valve.
A-314
Bleed fitting.
A-471
Portable kit includes plastic case, mounting bracket, A-309 3-way manifold valve, (2) A-230 high pressure hoses and all necessary fittings, assembly required, gage not included.
A-496
Flush mount bracket for Series 4000 Capsuhelic® gage.
A-610
Pipe mounting kit for 1-1/4" to 2" pipe. 5.6" x 4.6" x 1.4", 1.0 .lb
A-298
Flat aluminum bracket for flush mounting Photohelic® & Capsuhelic® gages, 603A, 605, and 3000MR.
A-370
Flush mount bracket used with: Photohelic® 3000MR/MRS, Capsuhelic®, 631B Transmitter. Bracket is then surface mounted. Steel with gray hammertone epoxy finish.
A-395
Surface mounting bracket Series 4000 Capsuhelic® gages, steel with gray hammertone epoxy finish.
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6.Models & Ordering
6.1. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 4XXX series
Thang đo Inches of Water
Model
Description
4000-0
Differential pressure gage, range 0-0.5" w.c., for vertical scale position only.
4001
Differential pressure gage, range 0-1.0" w.c., for vertical scale position only.
4002
Differential pressure gage, range 0-2.0" w.c., for vertical scale position only.
4003
Differential pressure gage, range 0-3.0" w.c., for vertical scale position only.
4004
Differential pressure gage, range 0-4.0" w.c., for vertical scale position only.
4005
Differential pressure gage, range 0-5.0" w.c., for vertical scale position only.
4006
Differential pressure gage, range 0-6.0" w.c.
4008
Differential pressure gage, range 0-8.0" w.c.
4010
Differential pressure gage, range 0-10" w.c.
4015
Differential pressure gage, range 0-15" w.c.
4020
Differential pressure gage, range 0-20" w.c.
4025
Differential pressure gage, range 0-25" w.c.
4030
Differential pressure gage, range 0-30" w.c.
4040
Differential pressure gage, range 0-40" w.c.
4050
Differential pressure gage, range 0-50" w.c.
4060
Differential pressure gage, range 0-60" w.c.
4080
Differential pressure gage, range 0-80" w.c.
4100
Differential pressure gage, range 0-100" w.c.
4150
Differential pressure gage, range 0-150" w.c.
4200
Differential pressure gage, range 0-200" w.c.
4300
Differential pressure gage, range 0-300" w.c.
4400
Differential pressure gage, range 0-400" w.c.
4500
Differential pressure gage, range 0-500" w.c.
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6.2. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 43XX
Thang đo Inches of Water – Zero Center
Model
Description
4304
Differential pressure gage, range 2-0-2" w.c., for vertical scale position only.
4310
Differential pressure gage, range 5-0-5" w.c.
4320
Differential pressure gage, range 10-0-10" w.c
4330
Differential pressure gage, range 15-0-15" w.c.
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6.3. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 46XXB
Thang đo Feet of Water
Model
Description
4616B
Differential pressure gage, range 0-16 ft w.c., available with brass case only.
4635B
Differential pressure gage, range 0-35 ft w.c., available with brass case only.
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6.4. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 42XX
Thang đo PSID
Model
Description
4201
Differential pressure gage, range 0-1 psi.
4202
Differential pressure gage, range 0-2 psi.
4203
Differential pressure gage, range 0-3 psi.
4204
Differential pressure gage, range 0-4 psi.
4205
Differential pressure gage, range 0-5 psi.
4210
Differential pressure gage, range 0-10 psi.
4215
Differential pressure gage, range 0-15 psi.
4220
Differential pressure gage, range 0-20 psi.
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6.5. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 4000-XX-MM
Thang đo MM of Water
Model
Description
4000-100MM
Differential pressure gage, range 0-100 mm w.c., for vertical scale position only.
4000-25MM
Differential pressure gage, range 0-25 mm w.c., for vertical scale position only.
4000-50MM
Differential pressure gage, range 0-50 mm w.c., for vertical scale position only.
4000-80MM
Differential pressure gage, range 0-80 mm w.c., for vertical scale position only.
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6.6. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 4000-XXX-CM
Thang đo CM of Water
Model
Description
4000-100CM
Differential pressure gage, range 0-100 cm w.c.
4000-150CM
Differential pressure gage, range 0-150 cm w.c.
4000-15CM
Differential pressure gage, range 0-15 cm w.c.
4000-200CM
Differential pressure gage, range 0-200 cm w.c.
4000-20CM
Differential pressure gage, range 0-20 cm w.c.
4000-250CM
Differential pressure gage, range 0-250 cm w.c.
4000-25CM
Differential pressure gage, range 0-25 cm w.c.
4000-300CM
Differential pressure gage, range 0-300 cm w.c.
4000-40CM
Differential pressure gage, range 0-40 cm w.c.
4000-50CM
Differential pressure gage, range 0-50 cm w.c.
4000-80CM
Differential pressure gage, range 0-80 cm w.c.
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6.7. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 4300-XX-CM
Thang đo CM of Water – Zero Center
Model
Description
4300-10CM
Differential pressure gage, range 5-0-5 cm w.c., for vertical scale position only.
4300-30CM
Differential pressure gage, range 15-0-15 cm w.c.
4300-4CM
Differential pressure gage, range 2-0-2 cm w.c., for vertical scale position only.
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6.8. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 4000-XXX-PA
Thang đo Pascals
Model
Description
4000-125PA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-125 Pa, for vertical scale position only.
4000-250PA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-250 Pa, for vertical scale position only.
4000-500PA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-500 Pa, for vertical scale position only.
4000-750PA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-750 Pa, for vertical scale position only.
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6.9. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 4000-XXX-PA
Thang đo Pascals – Zero Center
Model
Description
4000-125PA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-125 Pa, for vertical scale position only.
4000-250PA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-250 Pa, for vertical scale position only.
4000-500PA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-500 Pa, for vertical scale position only.
4000-750PA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-750 Pa, for vertical scale position only.
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6.10. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 4000-XX-KPA
Thang đo Kilopascals
Model
Description
4000-1.5KPA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-1.5 kPa.
4000-10KPA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-10 kPa.
4000-15KPA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-15 kPa.
4000-1KPA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-1 kPa, for vertical scale position only.
4000-20KPA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-20 kPa.
4000-25KPA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-25 kPa.
4000-2KPA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-2 kPa.
4000-30KPA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-30 kPa.
4000-3KPA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-3 kPa.
4000-4KPA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-4 kPa.
4000-5KPA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-5 kPa.
4000-8KPA
Differential pressure gage, range 0-8 kPa.
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6.11. Đồng hồ đo chênh áp 40XX, 41XX, 42XX, 43XX, 44XX, 45XX
Thang đo Kilopascals – Zero Center
Model
Description
4000-0
Differential pressure gage, range 0-0.5" w.c., for vertical scale position only.
4001
Differential pressure gage, range 0-1.0" w.c., for vertical scale position only.
4002
Differential pressure gage, range 0-2.0" w.c., for vertical scale position only.
4003
Differential pressure gage, range 0-3.0" w.c., for vertical scale position only.
4004
Differential pressure gage, range 0-4.0" w.c., for vertical scale position only.
4005
Differential pressure gage, range 0-5.0" w.c., for vertical scale position only.
4006
Differential pressure gage, range 0-6.0" w.c.
4008
Differential pressure gage, range 0-8.0" w.c.
4010
Differential pressure gage, range 0-10" w.c.
4015
Differential pressure gage, range 0-15" w.c.
4020
Differential pressure gage, range 0-20" w.c.
4025
Differential pressure gage, range 0-25" w.c.
4030
Differential pressure gage, range 0-30" w.c.
4040
Differential pressure gage, range 0-40" w.c.
4050
Differential pressure gage, range 0-50" w.c.
4060
Differential pressure gage, range 0-60" w.c.
4080
Differential pressure gage, range 0-80" w.c.
4100
Differential pressure gage, range 0-100" w.c.
4150
Differential pressure gage, range 0-150" w.c.
4200
Differential pressure gage, range 0-200" w.c.
4300
Differential pressure gage, range 0-300" w.c.
4300-1KPA
Differential pressure gage, range .5-0-.5 kPa, for vertical scale position only.
4300-3KPA
Differential pressure gage, range 1.5-0-1.5 kPa.
4400
Differential pressure gage, range 0-400" w.c.
4500
Differential pressure gage, range 0-500" w.c.
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>>Download datasheet<<
Xem thêm đồng hồ đo chênh lệch áp suất Dwyer
Đồng hồ đo chênh áp Dwyer
Xem thêm đồng hồ đo áp suất của những hãng khác
Một số hãng đồng hồ đo chênh áp
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The Fallen Monarch. Diameter 10 feet above the base: 15.4 feet All measurements marked thus are taken from Mariposa Grove Big Tree Survey. Prepared by E. C. Smith, Chief Engineering Aide, National Park Service, January 1942. (Measurements were made during summer of 1941.)] Within sight on the left side of the road is the Fallen Monarch. The date when this tree fell is a matter for speculation as even Indian legend fails to reveal a time when it was standing. Although the centuries have rotted the bark and sapwood away, the stone-like durability of the heartwood is a permanent monument to the majestic tree which once grew here. It was the custom in earlier days for the stagecoach filled with visitors to drive out upon the trunk to be photographed.
++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++
image by Photo George
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all rights reserved
locator: CAL_8632 txt
Our Part Number: FRT3
Diameter: 3"
Thickness : 10mm
Back Attachment: Velcro
Superior Depth, Clarity and Reflectivity.
Enhance shine of your existing pads
Immediate results, saving valuable time
For Wet & Dry usage
Virtually eliminates waves or distortion
Unique Design with Large Water Channels
Made in Korea
This 3” resin pad is ideal for use in opening steps on bare concrete.
Excellent scratch pattern for polishing old or new concrete. These
long-lasting durable pads are easy to change. Because of the 10 mm
of diamond resin, this pad has a much longer life compared to low grit
resin pads and is ideal for aggressive grinding.
For concrete & concrete flooring, a high quality job is guaranteed with
our premium diamond polishing pad. Manufactured and designed in Korea,
all our diamond products are produced under a strict quality control system;
you can expect consistent & reliable results from our high quality pads.
High quality and your satisfaction GUARANTEED!
Our Part Number: FRT3
Diameter: 3"
Thickness : 10mm
Back Attachment: Velcro
Superior Depth, Clarity and Reflectivity.
Enhance shine of your existing pads
Immediate results, saving valuable time
For Wet & Dry usage
Virtually eliminates waves or distortion
Unique Design with Large Water Channels
Made in Korea
This 3” resin pad is ideal for use in opening steps on bare concrete.
Excellent scratch pattern for polishing old or new concrete. These
long-lasting durable pads are easy to change. Because of the 10 mm
of diamond resin, this pad has a much longer life compared to low grit
resin pads and is ideal for aggressive grinding.
For concrete & concrete flooring, a high quality job is guaranteed with
our premium diamond polishing pad. Manufactured and designed in Korea,
all our diamond products are produced under a strict quality control system;
you can expect consistent & reliable results from our high quality pads.
High quality and your satisfaction GUARANTEED!
With a diameter of 100 meters, the Radio Telescope Effelsberg is one of the largest fully steerable radio telescopes on earth. Since operations started in 1972, the technology has been continually improved (i.e. new surface for the antenna-dish, better reception of high-quality data, extremely low noise electronics) making it one of the most advanced modern telescopes worldwide.
The telescope is employed to observe pulsars, cold gas- and dust clusters, the sites of star formation, jets of matter emitted by black holes and the nuclei (centres) of distant far-off galaxies.
Effelsberg is an important part of the worldwide network of radio telescopes. The combination of different telescopes in interferometric mode makes possible to obtain the sharpest images of the universe.
Text (C) Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
The telescope may receive radio signals from a distance of up to 12bn light years. Together with a radio telescope in the US (Green Bank, Virginia), it is the largest radio telescope in the world.
The photos show the telescope at different angles because it was turning quite a bit during our visit.
The Observatory is equipped with two radio telescopes (RT) – the only research capable RT in New Zealand - with dishes of size 12 m and 30 m in diameter. Both RT are of the Cassegrain system, using the main reflector (dish) and the sub-reflector which can be seeing on photos. Due to the larger structure of the 30 m RT, it is potentially vulnerable to gravity-induced structural deformation which varies as it operates at different elevation angles. Deviation from the ideal shape and misalignments between structural components can potentially result in partial loss of RT sensitivity. To study the surface quality of the main reflector, its alignment with the sub reflector, and the way these characteristics may vary, Recon Ltd was contracted to scan the surface of the telescope (the main and sub reflector) at different elevation angles.
Using a laser scanner for measuring surface quality is relatively new to Radio Astronomy and according to our knowledge has been used on very few occasions. Traditionally, two methods - Radio Frequency Holography and Photogrammetry - are widely used in radio astronomy. Both methods require specialised equipment, they are relatively time consuming, expensive and difficult to perform. The laser scanning method is easy and quick. Importantly, and unlike other methods, it allows scanning the main reflector and sub reflector surfaces jointly, therefore allowing to study the vital part of the RT “optics” as a whole. These advantages make the laser scanning heavily preferred over the other methods.
The FARO laser scanner is easy to carry and setup on the surface of the dish (weight ~5 kg). It has sufficient distance accuracy (± 1mm) and the operating range (from 0.6 m up to 320 m) for this research.
The scale of solar flares and its comparison with Jupiter is displayed in this picture. The diameter of the sun is about 10 times the diameter of Jupiter (139,820 km).
Telescope: Lunt Solar Telescope 152 mm
CCD: ZWO ASI174mm
Date: 16 Sep 2021
Position: 35.72 N, 51.41 E, Tehran, Iran
Three of the 5 plastic plugs are right near the surface and easily reached. But 2 of them are deeply countersunk. I discovered I needed a rather long bit to reach the plug. This one is 12 mm or 1.75 inches long. I also discovered the hard way that I needed to use a VERY small diameter bit. Otherwise I'd destroy the head of the plastic plug. This bit is about 1 mm in diameter.
Hail injury to apple fruit showing bruises from small-diameter hail stones. Photo courtesy of Alan R. Biggs, West Virginia University.
These are called Amaryllis, from my Mom's yard. My sister thought I should have them so she sent me the bulbs a few months ago.
The stem produces 4 large flowers each 5-6" in diameter.
They are a real challenge to photograph.
But are amazingly beautiful. 💜💗❤💖
With a diameter of 100 meters, the Radio Telescope Effelsberg is one of the largest fully steerable radio telescopes on earth. Since operations started in 1972, the technology has been continually improved (i.e. new surface for the antenna-dish, better reception of high-quality data, extremely low noise electronics) making it one of the most advanced modern telescopes worldwide.
The telescope is employed to observe pulsars, cold gas- and dust clusters, the sites of star formation, jets of matter emitted by black holes and the nuclei (centres) of distant far-off galaxies.
Effelsberg is an important part of the worldwide network of radio telescopes. The combination of different telescopes in interferometric mode makes possible to obtain the sharpest images of the universe.
Text (C) Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
The telescope may receive radio signals from a distance of up to 12bn light years. Together with a redio telescope in the US (Green Bank, Virginia), it is the largest radio telescope in the world.
The photos show the telescope at different angles because it was turning quite a bit during our visit.
The shackles to lock the wood-hole-board with alu- or wood -dowles.
Price shackles: 3Eur = 6x
Price alu-dowles: 2Eur / 1m
The ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" is a lightly armored Soviet self-propelled, radar-guided anti-aircraft weapon system (SPAAG). It was superseded by the 2K22 Tunguska (SA-19 Grison).
The acronym "ZSU" stands for Zenitnaya Samokhodnaya Ustanovka (Russian: Зенитная Самоходная Установка), meaning "anti-aircraft self-propelled system"; the "23" signifies the bore diameter in millimetres; the "4" signifies the number of gun barrels. It is named after the Shilka River in Russia. Afghan soldiers nicknamed it the "sewing machine" due to the sound of its cannons firing. It is also referred to by its nickname of "Zeus", derived from the Russian acronym.
The previous Soviet self-propelled anti-aircraft gun (SPAAG), the ZSU-57-2, was armed with two 57 mm autocannons; it was aimed optically using a basic tracking and lead calculating system. The ZSU-57-2 was not particularly successful despite its very powerful autocannons; given their large caliber, it could only carry 300 rounds, was inaccurate as it lacked radar and could not fire while on the move.
The ZPU series armed with 14.5 mm heavy machine guns carried on a towed mount for stationary, point air defence had a much higher rate of fire. The 23 mm version of this weapon system was known as the ZU-23-2, a towed mount carrying two 23 mm cannons. However, these towed or improvised truck-mounted weapons had similar disadvantages.
The development of the ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" began in 1957 along with ZSU-37-2 "Yenisei" and the vehicle was brought into service in 1965, replacing all ZSU-57-2s in air defense units toward the beginning of the 1970s. The ZSU-23-4 was intended for AA defense of military facilities, troops, and mechanized columns on the march; originally, the more powerful guns of "Yenisei" were judged to be effective at covering the inner dead-zone of Soviet surface-to-air missile systems despite the increased weight of the vehicle, but commonality prevailed. Initially, tank regiments should have had the anti-aircraft artillery battalion of "Shilka" (consisting of two batteries, four ZSU-23-4s in each). At the end of the 1960s, one battery was equipped with ZSU-23-4s and the other with ZSU-57-2s. Motorized rifle and tank regiment standard anti-aircraft batteries consisted of two platoons later (one platoon was equipped with four ZSU-23-4s and another with four mobile surface-to-air missile systems 9K31 Strela-1 or 9K35 Strela-10). The ZSU-23-4 combined a proven radar system, the non-amphibious chassis based on GM-575 tracked vehicle, and four 23 mm autocannons. This delivered a highly effective combination of mobility with heavy firepower and considerable accuracy. The ZSU-23-4 outclassed all NATO anti-aircraft guns at the time, and it is still regarded as posing a major threat for low-flying fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters.
The system was widely fielded throughout the Warsaw Pact and among other pro-Soviet states. Around 2,500 ZSU-23-4s, of the total 6,500 produced, were exported to 23 countries. The Warsaw Pact's successor states continue to manufacture and supply variants of the ZSU-23-4, notably the Ukrainian "Donets" and Polish "Biala" variants.
ZSU-23-4 units saw active service in the Yom Kippur War (1973) and other Arab-Israeli conflicts, the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988), and the First Gulf War (1990). During the Yom Kippur War, the system was particularly effective against the Israeli Air Force. Israeli pilots attempting to fly low in order to avoid SA-6 missiles were often shot down by ZSU-23-4s as in Operation Doogman 5. During the Soviet–Afghan War ZSU-23-4 units were used widely and to great effect against mujahideen positions in the mountains, the ZSU-23-4's guns being able to elevate much higher than the weapons on BMPs, BTRs, T-55s, or T-62s. They were also used to suppress defensive positions around the presidential palace during the initial coup in Kabul at the start of the Soviet-Afghan war. The Russian Army used the ZSU-23-4 for mountain combat in Chechnya.
The radar-guided ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" SPAAG, with its four 23 mm (0.90") autocannons, was a revolutionary SPAAG, proving to be an extremely effective weapon against enemy attack aircraft and helicopters under every weather and light condition. The ZSU-23-4 has a very high density, rate and accuracy of fire, as well as the capability for each of the four autocannons to fire its own type of projectile from separate belts. While it is technically possible that each cannon shoots different type of ammunition, there were two types commonly used in late 1970s: OFZT incendiary fragmentation and BZT armour-piercing tracer, which were to be loaded in 3:1 ratio—three OFZT, then one BZT, every 10th BZT round equipped with so-called "copper remover" and marked. Operators were strongly discouraged from shooting from a single barrel.
The appearance of the "Shilka" caused significant changes in NATO tactics in aircraft use at low altitude over the battlefield. Despite its present obsolescence as a modern short-range anti-aircraft weapon, the ZSU-23-4 is still deadly for enemy light armoured vehicles, infantry and firing points as an infantry-support vehicle. With its high rate of accurate fire, the ZSU-23-4 can even neutralize tanks by destroying their gun sights, radio antennas, or other vulnerable parts. ZSU-23-4s, especially late models, have excellent performance and good systems reliability.
Based on the GM-575 tracked vehicle chassis, which used components from the PT-76 light amphibious tank, the ZSU-23-4 mounts an armored turret holding four liquid-cooled 23 mm (0.9") 2A7 autocannons linked to an RPK-2 "Tobol" radar (NATO designator: "Gun Dish"). The vehicle weighs 19 tonnes (late modifications up to 21 tonnes), has a movement range of 450 km (280 mi) and a top speed of 50 km/h (31 mph). Additional firepower of late modifications can be supplied by a roof-mounted pod of six short-range SA-18 SAMs, or side-mounted SA-16s.
The crew numbers four: driver, commander, gunner and radar operator. The driver's compartment is located in the nose part of the vehicle. The fighting compartment is in the center, and the engine compartment is in the rear part of the vehicle.
The transmission consists of a multi-plate metal-contact main clutch, a manual gearbox with five forward gears, two planetary two-step steering gears with locking frictions and two final drive groups. The vehicle chassis has six single rubber tired road wheels, a rear drive sprocket with detachable sprocket rings (lantern-wheel gear) and one idler wheel per side. The first and fifth left, and sixth right road wheels have hydraulic shock absorbers. The track is 11.904 m long, 382 mm (15") wide and has 93 links.
Because of a large number of different pipes and tubes to detach during maintenance, the repair procedure for some of the vehicle's mechanisms is hard (for example, replacement or repair of a starter). The electric drive of an air outlet hatch of a gas turbine engine (part of the vehicle's electric power supply system) has an inconvenient location (at the bottom of the hull) which causes overheating and sometimes, jamming of the electric drive. On the other hand, the construction of the electric power supply system is very reliable. Changing the main engine oil and coolant is easy, as is replacement of fuel and oil filters, and sections of the air filter.
The ZSU-23-4 can cross vertical obstacles 0.7 m (2.3') high, trenches 2.5 m (8.2') wide, has a 1.0 m (3.3') fording depth and can climb 30° gradients. The ZSU-23-4 has good maneuverability and cross-country ability, but its diesel engine's power is insufficient for a vehicle of its weight. As a result, off-road acceleration capabilities are sub-par, and the vehicle lags behind MBTs and IFVs on up-hill terrain.
The ZSU-23-4 is equipped with an NBC system with an air filtration unit, fire-fighting equipment, TNA-2 navigational system, infrared vision device, R-123 radio set, R-124 intercom and electric power supply system consisting of a DGChM-1 single-shaft gas turbine engine (70 hp at 6,000 rpm) and a direct-current generator (which provides 27 V and 54 V direct current or 220 V 400 Hz alternating current).
Each water-cooled 23 mm 2A7 autocannon has a cyclic rate of 850–1,000 rounds per minute for a combined rate of fire of 3,400–4,000 rounds per minute, which gives a continuous fire time of 30–35 seconds before running out of ammunition (not considering the constraints that limit the practical rate of fire, such as barrel overheating). The welded turret has a race ring transplanted from a T-54 medium tank with a 1,840 mm (6') diameter. The 360° rotating turret is fully stabilised and capable of firing on the move. The turret rotation and autocannon elevation mechanisms provide very good speed and guidance accuracy. The hydraulically driven aiming mechanisms have been proven to be very reliable. Manual aim is used against ground targets. The quad automatic anti-aircraft gun AZP-23 "Amur" has a range of elevation from −4° to +85°. The GRAU designation for ZSU-23-4 turret with 23 mm (0.9") AZP-23 "Amur" quad automatic gun is 2A10. An armoured plate inside the turret protects crew members from fire and explosive gas during intense firing.
Ammunition capacity is 2,000 rounds stowed aboard (520 rounds per each upper autocannon and 480 rounds per each lower autocannon) loaded in 50-round or shorter belts.
The water-cooled 2A7 23mm guns of ZSU-23-4 fire the same 23×152B mm caliber ammunition as the 2A14 guns of the twin-barrel ZU-23-2 towed gun. While the 23mm Volkov-Yartsev VYa-23 aircraft gun used in the Second World War era Il-2 Sturmovik also fired ammunition of the same cartridge case dimensions, the rounds differed in loading and primer, and are thus not interchangeable with the post-war AA gun ammunition. Compared to the VYa and its ammunition, the air defence guns have slightly higher muzzle velocity, and explosive rounds also have slightly larger HE fillings. The VYa ammunition has brass cases, while 2A7/2A14 ammunition has steel cases.
Three main types of 23mm anti-aircraft ammunition were manufactured post-war: API-T, HEI and HEI-T. In addition to the original Soviet rounds, a number of ammunition manufacturers have since begun to produce ammunition for what is still a widely used caliber; these include new ammunition types such as sub-caliber armor-piercing rounds and frangible ammunition. The following table lists the main characteristics of some of the available 23×152B mm ammunition used in 23mm AA guns:
A typical loading of each ammunition belt contains 40 OFZT and 10 BZT rounds. They can be fired to a maximum horizontal range of 7 km (4.3 mi), and a vertical range of 5.1 km (3.2 mi). The effective vertical range is 1.5 km (0.93 mi) at a direct range to target of 2.5 km (1.6 mi) and target speed of 250 m/s (up to 500 m/s if a modern fire control system is used). The usual autocannon burst consists of 3–10 projectiles and target lead angle is calculated for each burst (fire without adjustment) by computer. In attacking targets on the ground, its effective range is around 2.5 km (1.6 mi). The short range of its 23 mm autocannons and relatively low explosive effect of its small-calibre projectiles mean it is less able to engage threats such as jet attack aircraft and cruise missiles than modern systems like the 2K22 Tunguska armed with more powerful 30 mm autocannons and integrated missile armaments. A special 23 mm round with composite projectiles was developed for a modern variant of SPAAG (ZSU-23-4M4) to be used against cruise missiles.
A circle is not only a group of infinite amount of points whose distance from the center is equal but also a group of infinite amount of lines whose center breaks them into two radii.
IC 289
Planetary nebula in Cassiopeia
35" diameter.
Source: Hubble Legacy Archive
hst_11956_04_wfpc2_f469n_wf
hst_11956_04_wfpc2_f502n_wf
hst_11956_04_wfpc2_f673n_wf
Kelon Split Unit with MicroGroove Technology Uses Less Material and Consumes Less Energy, Says International Copper Association
Room Air Conditioners Benefits from Smaller-Diameter Copper Tubes with Inner-Grooves
New York, NY (April 22, 2011) — The International Copper Association today announced that a 2600 W split-unit, room air-conditioner from the Kelon Corporation uses coils made with MicroGroove™ technology. The use of smaller-diameter copper tubes in the evaporators of the split units resulted in a higher coefficient of performance while reducing the total weight of tube material.
Compared to previous designs, which used slightly larger diameter copper tubes, the weight of the copper in the evaporator coils was reduced by more than one-third while the cooling capacity increased slightly. In this case, the tube diameter was incrementally decreased from 7 mm to 5 mm. The evaporator coils in the previous model required 0.85 kg of copper in comparison to only 0.56 kg in the optimized model. The coefficient of performance (COP) was raised from 3.09 to 3.16. The charge of R410a refrigerant was decreased from 840 g to 700 g.
Further reduction of tube diameter and coil material is under investigation. ICA has been cooperating with Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) and Kelon on the use of smaller diameter copper tubes in ACR products that can be manufactured using familiar methods. The cooperative projects also encompass the use of MicroGroove technology in condenser coils, and the optimization of other system parameters such as fin configuration, refrigerant volume and refrigerant flow rates.
“This project demonstrates an essential development in the design of compact high-efficiency room air conditioners,” says Nigel Cotton, Global OEM Team Leader for the ICA. “Cooperative projects are ongoing with several major OEMs who are already realizing material savings and hence greater competitiveness through MicroGroove Technology.”
The ICA will detail the optimized design of ACR products in Prague at the International Congress of Refrigeration from August 23-26. Webinars on June 15 and June 22 will outline how MicroGroove copper tubes can increase the energy efficiency of ACR products. For more information, visit www.microgroove.net.
About ICA
The International Copper Association, Ltd. (ICA) is the leading organization for promoting the use of copper worldwide. ICA’s mission is to promote the use of copper by communicating the unique attributes that make this sustainable element an essential contributor to the formation of life, to advances in science and technology, and to a higher standard of living worldwide. Visit www.copperinfo.com for more information about ICA.
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NEW old stock. Rare! BIG 4 inches ( 100mm ) wide / diameter 6Volt horn suitable to be fitted to any old or classic British or Japanese motorcycle that come in standard 6Volt electrical system. Example – Honda C70, C50, CB100, CB72, CB92, C92, CS90E, S90Z, C200, CF70, ST70, ST90 etc. Also suitable for BSA, Norton, Triumph, AJS, Matchless, Royal Enfield, Ariel etc. 3 units only.
Interested, please contact me at my cell phone: +6016 6816 008 or e-mail: twin_magneto@hotmail.com
With a diameter of 100 meters, the Radio Telescope Effelsberg is one of the largest fully steerable radio telescopes on earth. Its inauguration took place on May 12, 1971. Since the full start of operations in 1972, the technology has been continually improved (i.e. new surface for the antenna-dish, better reception of high-quality data, extremely low noise electronics) making it one of the most advanced modern telescopes worldwide.
The 70-metre diameter DSS-43 antenna, the largest of the dishes at the Tidbinilla CDSCC (Canberra Deep Space Communications Complex), has its back to the camera for this photo, viewed through the grasses beside Discovery Drive near Canberra, Australia. This 75-metre tall, 3000-ton behemoth is renowned for its work in communicating with many of NASA’s deep-space probes since its opening in 1973. The last signals from NASA’s Cassini probe were received in September 2017, 83 minutes after the spacecraft plunged into Saturn’s atmosphere. DSS-43 is kept company in this shot by two of its smaller siblings, although with diameters of 34 metres they’re hardly all that small. Apparently they give great WiFi reception!
Shot with Canon EOS 6D, Sigma 50-500mm lens @ 161mm @ f/16, 1/400 sec @ ISO 400.
Edible Parts: Root.
Edible Uses:
Bulb - raw or cooked. The bulb, which can be up to 5cm in diameter, has a mild, starchy flavor when eaten raw, but a gummy texture that reduces the enjoyment of it somewhat. When cooked, however, it develops a delicious sweet flavor somewhat like sweet chestnuts, and is a highly nutritious food. Excellent when slow baked, it can also be dried and made into a powder which can be used as a thickener in stews or mixed with cereal flours when making bread, cakes etc.. The bulbs can be boiled down to make a molasses, this was used on festival occasions by various Indian tribes. The bulbs can be harvested at any time of the year, but are probably best in early summer when the seeds are ripe. One report says that the bulbs contain inulin (a starch that cannot be digested by humans) but that this breaks down when the bulb is cooked slowly to form the sugar fructose which is sweet and easily digested. Quamash bulbs were a staple food of the N. American Indians. The tribes would move to the Quamash fields in the early autumn and, while some people harvested the bulbs, others would dig a pit, line it with boulders then fill it with wood and set fire to it. The fire would heat the boulders and the harvested bulbs would then be placed in the pit and the whole thing covered with earth and the bulbs left to cook slowly for 2 days. The pit would then be opened and the Indians would feast on the bulbs until they could no longer fit any more in their stomachs. Whatever was left would be dried and stored for winter use.
MEDICINAL USE: Birthing aid; Oxytocic.
A decoction of the roots has been used to induce labor. An infusion of the leaves has been used to treat vaginal bleeding after birth and to help expel the placenta.
red habanero pepper planet and a 36 inch diameter garden with 75 Chinese long beans and 6 tomato vines plants Square foot hydroponic gardens are self-contained growing systems and is a reliable method for circulating oxygen and nutrients
to the roots of your plants. By using a Drainback, your plants will flourish!
Perfect tuntable wheel for endless list of crafting projects. This vintage Kingspin sculpting wheel is 6" in diameter and is made of high grade cast metal for years of use. There is plenty of room under the wheel for your hand so that you can rotate it while you work.
As you can see, we are showcasing the piece as an industrial decor item. The industrial cloche is so unique as a decorative or kitchenware display and is great for displaying all sorts of things... from collectibles to food. The domed plastic cloche keeps them in place and adds to the visual pleasure.
For a painter, sculptor or decorator working in ceramics, pottery, floral arranging, model-making, clay design, cake decorating and other artistic work you will find this wheel a perfect choice.
Approximate Measurements:
10" T cloche
7" diameter wheel
Excellent vintage condition. The top spins smoothly if you plan to use it for artistic pruposes. The metal shows some signs of age and the plastic dome is slightly cloudy with one split in the plastic at the top.
Dent Bridge in Clearwater County, Idaho on the Dworshack Reservoir. Photographed on April 26, 2015 for Worldwide Pinhole Photography Day using a Voightlander 116 roll film camera converted to a pinhole. The film is expired mystery 616 film exposed at 12 ISO. The pinhole is 0.5mm diameter, I had it set at about a 135mm focal length which gave me f/270. Semi-Stand developed in Adonal (Rodinal) 1-100 for 1 hour.
red habanero pepper planet and a 36 inch diameter garden with 75 Chinese long beans and 6 tomato vines plants Square foot hydroponic gardens are self-contained growing systems and is a reliable method for circulating oxygen and nutrients
to the roots of your plants. By using a Drainback, your plants will flourish!
With a diameter of 100 meters, the Radio Telescope Effelsberg is one of the largest fully steerable radio telescopes on earth. Since operations started in 1972, the technology has been continually improved (i.e. new surface for the antenna-dish, better reception of high-quality data, extremely low noise electronics) making it one of the most advanced modern telescopes worldwide.
The telescope is employed to observe pulsars, cold gas- and dust clusters, the sites of star formation, jets of matter emitted by black holes and the nuclei (centres) of distant far-off galaxies.
Effelsberg is an important part of the worldwide network of radio telescopes. The combination of different telescopes in interferometric mode makes possible to obtain the sharpest images of the universe.
Text (C) Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
The telescope may receive radio signals from a distance of up to 12bn light years. Together with a radio telescope in the US (Green Bank, Virginia), it is the largest radio telescope in the world.
The photos show the telescope at different angles because it was turning quite a bit during our visit.
18012 Small Diameter HT 60/125 6000 N.m 1/2" input and a 1 1/2" output with an Anti Wind-Up Ratchet (AWUR) - Close up of the 1 1/2" output square.
The Dome
Facts About the Dome
•Height, from base to weather vane: 121'
•Diameter at base: 40'
•Construction begun: 1785
•Interior work completed: 1797
•Wood used in dome construction: Timber from Maryland’s Eastern Shore, supplied by Dashiell family of Cypress Swamp, Somerset County.
•Architect of the dome: Joseph Clark
•Possible model for design of the dome: Schloßturm, the dome of the free-standing tower next to the palace of Karl-Wilhelm, Markgraf of Baden, in Karlsruhe, Germany
History of the State House Dome
When the Continental Congress came to Annapolis to meet in the Old Senate Chamber from November 1783 – August 1784, they found a State House which was still unfinished. Although the Old Senate Chamber was complete, the roof was not and it had leaked during the last few winters, damaging the upstairs rooms. The dome—or cupola—atop the State House was variously described as inadequate, unimpressive, and too small for the building and, it, too, leaked.
In order to rectify the situation, Joseph Clark, an Annapolis architect and builder, was asked to repair the roof and the dome. Clark first raised the pitch of the roof to facilitate the runoff of water and covered it with cypress shingles. The crowning achievement of Clark’s work on the State House was, of course, the extraordinary dome which he designed and built. It is not known where Clark’s inspiration for the unusual design of the dome came from, but it is very similar to one in Karlsruhe, Germany called the Schloßturm.
By the summer of 1788, the exterior of the new dome was complete. It was constructed of timber and no metal nails were used in its construction and, to this day, it is held together by wooden pegs reinforced by iron straps forged by an Annapolis ironmonger.
Although the exterior of the dome was completed by 1788, the interior was not completed until 1797. Tragedy struck the project in 1793 when a plasterer named Thomas Dance fell to his death from the inside of the dome. By 1794, Joseph Clark was completely disillusioned with the project and left it to John Shaw, the noted Annapolis cabinetmaker, to oversee completion. Over the years, John Shaw did much of the maintenance work on the State House, built various items for it and, in 1797, made the desks and chairs which furnished the Old Senate Chamber.
The First Dome: 1769-1774
Just as the Articles of Confederation did not effectively govern the country, the first dome of the State House at Annapolis did not survive more than a decade of Maryland weather. In 1769, the General Assembly of Maryland passed an act to erect a new state house, securely covered with slate tile or lead. The architect was Joseph Horatio Anderson, and the undertaker or builder of the project was Charles Wallace. According to William Eddis in 1773, the work was carried on with great dispatch and when completed would “be equal to any public edifice on the American continent.”
The exact date of the completion of the first dome or cupola is not known but evidence suggests that it was completed by the year 1774. In a 1773 Act of Assembly, Charles Wallace was instructed to fix an iron rod pointed with silver or gold at least six feet above the cupola. The General Assembly also recommended that the roof be covered with copper because the slate originally specified would require frequent repairs and cause other inconveniences. According to Charles E. Peterson’s “Notes on Copper Roofing in America to 1802”, it was more than likely that local copper was put on the roof to advertise the new industry of Maryland.
The Second Dome: 1785-1794
According to the Intendent of Revenue, Daniel St. Thomas Jenifer, the first dome of the State House was a contradiction of architectural design. A survey of the timbers in 1784 revealed that they were so decayed by water damage that a new dome would be required.
“It was originally constructed contrary to all rules of architecture; it ought to have been built double instead of single, and a staircase between the two domes, leading up to the lanthorn. The water should have been carried off by eaves, instead of being drawn to the center of the building, to two small conductors, which are liableto be choked by ice, and overflowed by rains. That it was next to impossible, under present construction, that it could have been made tight”.
On February 24, 1785 Jenifer placed a notice in the Maryland Gazette for carpenters work to be made to the dome and roof under the execution of Joseph Clark
“The work We are a Doing is to put a Roof on the Governor’s House and we are going to take the Roof of the State house and it is a going to Raise it one story higher and the Doom is to be Sixty foot higher then the old one”.
Clark raised the pitch of the dome to facilitate the runoff of excess water, the chief reason the timbers rotted in the original dome.
“The Annapolis dome is in its proportions like the original Karlsruhe tower. Possibly its more classical feeling is a result of the universal trend of architectural styles rather than the influence of the altered Schloßturm. Yet the arched windows below the architrave in Annapolis, one with the lower part closed, are like the windows below the Architrave in Karlsruhe in all of which the lower parts are closed. The horizontal oval windows below the main curving section of the dome in Annapolis resemble the vertical ovals in the equivalent part of the Karlsruhe tower. The small square windows above the balustrades and the architraves themselves in both buildings are similarly placed.”
Title: Midvale Company employee Ben Longbottom checks dimensions of roll for the Armstrong Cork Company, order 11'11" (overall length), 3'7/8" diameter, May 20, 1948
Date: 1948
Photographer: John Mudd
Photo ID: 6013PB1N1735
Collection: Midvale Company Photographs (1883 - 1953)
Repository: The Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives in the ILR School at Cornell University is the Catherwood Library unit that collects, preserves, and makes accessible special collections documenting the history of the workplace and labor relations. www.ilr.cornell.edu/library/kheel
Notes:
Copyright: The copyright status of this image is unknown. It may also be subject to third party rights of privacy or publicity. Images are being made available for purposes of private study, scholarship, and research. The Kheel Center would like to learn more about this image and hear from any copyright owners who are not properly identified so that we may make the necessary corrections.
Tags: Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives,Cornell University Library,Shop Scenes, Steel Workers, Steel Plants
Precisely why they downsized their containers is currently beyond me as well as many other consumers across the nation.
18013 Small Diameter HT 60/125 6000 N.m 1/2" input and a 1 1/2" output - Close up of the 1/2" input.
Easy way to find diameter of a roll or shaft up to 2m in dia..
Wrap the tape around the circumference of a roll or shaft and read the diameter off the tape..
OK for measuring to half a mm not for precise measurements where a micrometer or vernier would be used.
Lens diameter [mm]: 70
Magnification [x]: 15
Angular field of view [deg]: 4.4
Linear field of view: 77m/1000m
Exit pupil [mm]: 4.66
Eye relief [mm]: 18
Min. focusing dist. [m]: 12.7
Twilight factor: 32.4
Brightness: 21.77
Prisms: BaK-4/Porro
Weight [g]: 1400
Waterproof: Yes
Tripod exit: yes
A small, 12in diameter circular jigsaw cut in a very simple push-fit manner with no line-cutting. The image is an HM Bateman cartoon of 1921, 'The Man Who Didn't Know'. A well dressed man arriving at the location of a dance is puzzled to find that it is now a building site for Bovis, London W1.
For more information see Wikipedia and the HM Bateman website: