decency photos on Flickr

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I could go on forever about the place where these tattoos reside, but in the interest of decency I will stop typing.

Being the tribal group closest to paved roads, Dimba have been reeducated by Christian missionaries about decency and wearing a bra is now more and more common by Alain loss

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Hakavamba village - Cunene province (Angola)

Urbex Alla Italia by Brian

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What an amazing place this is. It used to be a thermal bath house. It was built in the 19th century and what beautifully decorated. It will soon be converted into a posh hotel.

When we entered early morning we were the first explorers setting up our gear. Within an hour the place was crowded with explorers from all over Europe and it was hard to take a decent picture.

Apparently it is hard for other people to wait until others who were there earlier are done. I gave them a hard time by just standing in 'their' way while taking a shot. Have some decency people and be patient!

Please visit www.preciousdecay.com for more pictures and follow me on Facebook on www.facebook.com/Preciousdecay.urbex

DECENCY EMBROIDERED DESIGNER SALWAR SUITS FOR ALL by shrii exports

shriiexports.com/portfolio/decency-embroidered-designer-s...

Triage by Cody McLane

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[2014/01/10 19:14:00] Cody McLane (codymclane): /me decides that she likes the woman's position well-enough for now, no danger of any spewage causing her to choke. Moving to both knees, she loosens what clothing she can and than bends over to the woman's ear. Patting her cheek, she continues in a softer voice; "Lady, are you OK? You've got help here but I need you to talk to me. You're safe, nobody is gonna hurt you here." Cody manages to make her voice both soothing and commanding, something she'd learned by treating scared and badly injured soldiers who needed to co-operate with threatment for their own sake. Stroking the womans hair, she continues to speak soothingly, pretty sure by now that she wasn't gonna have to apply the anti-Zeke innoculation - and glad of it.

[2014/01/10 19:17:08] Tara Lynn (tarlyn.dagger): /me watched both women with the same amount of intent, the collapsed and the one looking her over. A lift of her brow then glance over at the others quickly in turn before taking another sniff, the empty cup still in her hand, pondering. The other hand motioning towards the passed-out one, Tara'd shake her head, "She's not dead. And she's not ..." fading off as the others chime in, her brows furrowed and shaking her head again just watching the one talking to her before turning on her toes and heading back to the bar to refill the glass and take a drink for herself this time, just leaning on the pillar again, unconcerned. A glance to Tre, and shrug of her shoulder sending a message in and of itself to her sister.

[2014/01/10 19:18:25] Evelyn (Kol): /me slowly became aware of a throbbing coming from the side of her head and let out a low, gravelly moan, hands twitching slightly as her sense started to wake once more. She will her heavy lids to open but the refused to cooperate just yet.

[2014/01/10 19:20:01] Amelia (isanaplacida): /me 's lips tugged down in a worried frown as she looked from Cody and the fallen woman and on back to Tre. A small, and obviously reluctant nod was offered after a long pause,"Yeah, fine" She finally said in reply. Mouse got an approving nod then, apparently a willingness to bash in strangers heads earned points in her opinion. Leaning over to the bar, she placed her bowl of now congealed taters onto the bar before straightening back up as she let her gaze fall back onto Cody and the fallen woman. Her arms crossing over her waist as she carefully took another small step back, just to be sure. Despite Tara's assurances that the woman wasn't a walker, or on her way to being one for that matter, she was still more than a little worried.

[2014/01/10 19:21:17] Tre (tre.marjeta): /me noted that Tara was not arsed over the girl so she'd relax ...lots. Her toe tapped on the wood and she crossed her arms under her breasts,still holding the empty water tankard. "Well I tell ya, if Jason wasn't off nursing his kicked shin, he'd be all for stripping her down, but apparently we've not too many worries in this group. Everyone calm down and let's see what Cody there can do. Shit, I may have to feed her for free after this, just so she doesn't pass out again." As she spoke,she slowly siddled her way back behind the bar, not cause she was scared the woman was going to leap up and start biting, of course not, but cause she ...liked it behind the bar.

[2014/01/10 19:21:51] Cody McLane (codymclane): /me look up at the onlookers; "I think she just fainted. Can someone get me a rag soaked in water? I need to check where she hit the floor..." Cody feels the woman stirring and continues speaking to her; "You're gonna be OK, I don't think you hurt the floor much an' I don't think you're turning Zeke on us. My name is Cody, and I'll be your medic for this evening. I'm really pretty good at this stuff, and if I mess up - you'll never complain. So come on and show us those pretty eyes so we can all breathe a little easier..."

[2014/01/10 19:23:10] Sheri Bailey: /me sees the body start to twitch and jumps back, putting both hands tightly around her bat. "Drag it into the street, we can burn it before it goes all bitey!" She motions to Amy to grab one foot, and lets go of her bat with one hand, intending to grab the other.

[2014/01/10 19:27:27] Evelyn (Kol): /me 's eyes finally roll somewhat open though she still can't quite focus her vision. "Where am I?" She grumbled. "Who are you?" It was coming back to her in foggy pieces but not enough to make sense of. She tried to left her head but winced and inhaled a hiss, feeling the throbbing ache worse when she did, opting to gingerly lay her head back down.

[2014/01/10 19:28:02] Tara Lynn (tarlyn.dagger): /me just smiled over at Tre, offering a lift of her glass then returned her gaze to the fallen girl, a soft 'tsk' under her breath and as the comment of 'strip search' hit her mind again, she'd linger over the girl's appearance, consideringly. Lots to... take under advisement. Mouse's comments bringing another shake of her head, her voice lifted only enough to carry tot he seemingly panicked girl. "Let Cody there handle it for now, she seems to have a way with things..." Catching the name mention from Tre.

[2014/01/10 19:32:04] Cody McLane (codymclane): /me slips her hand gently to Evelyn's temples, helping to cushion her a bit while inspecting her skull for crepitation and depression spots. "Rest easy lady, I'm Cody and I've had some medic training. You just kinda dropped, and we were all scared shitless. Whats the last thing you had to eat or drink?" Cody continues to assess the woman as she begins to collect the basics of a History on her. Glancing over her shoulder at the bar, she asks again; "How about that wet rag?" Seeing that people are positioning themseves closer, she moves her torso over the woman, effectively shielding her with her body until everyone agrees that she's not Trning.

[2014/01/10 19:33:06] Amelia (isanaplacida): /me 's faint frown returned as she watched Tre head back behind the bar. She seemed confident in her sisters opinion, which might have relaxed her more if she knew her sister enough to share said confidence. So far, she was just a woman she'd waved at. The medic though, well her opinion helped a tiny bit, though she was still fully prepared to help mouse turn the womans head into a pinata. At Cody's request, she gave a small shrug as if to say 'sure', before turning back towards the bar as she opened her mouth to ask Tre for just that. The words never got out, however, as she heard Mouse yell about burning and bitey. Whipping back around, and fully expecting to see the woman trying to eat something, all she could do was blink and stare when she heard her speak,"Huh." She said after a moment, seeming a bit surprised to see that the woman was not, in fact, hungry for human flesh,"I think the barbecue will have to wait a bit" She added, this last bit directed at Mouse,"Yeah, guess not" She said with a nod, and

[2014/01/10 19:33:06] Amelia (isanaplacida): a shrug, to Cody before glancing back to Tre.

[2014/01/10 19:33:16] Sheri Bailey: /me slumps as the downed woman speaks and shoots her a disgusted look. Okay, fine, no zombie. "She could still get the fever, you know," she whispers hopefully.

[2014/01/10 19:34:20] Tre (tre.marjeta): /me turned and took a towel, not really a whole one, as most of her stuff was rags, but clean rags, as clean as she could keep them. She wet it in the lukewarm water, squeezing it out so she didn't drop all over the wood, and moved to take it over to Cody. She'd grin at Tara, totally relaxed now since it appeared it wasn't a walker in their midst, and the cloth would be offered. "I've an office upstairs, but nothing ot sit on or lay on yet. As she waited for the cloth to be taken, she sighed. "There'll be no lighting anyone on fire in the street, sheesh, you do that shit in the lower regions,let's keep this part clean as we can.." Yea, Tre was a lil bossy over the upper regions, but she'd lived her long enough to be a bit overly protective and bitchy about the street in front of her bar.

[2014/01/10 19:36:59] Sheri Bailey: /me had the decency to look a little bit ashamed at least, as she fixed her eyes on the floor, and scuffed her toe. "Just tryin' to be safe..." she muttered.

[19:39:18] Cody McLane (codymclane) takes the cloth greatfully with a mouthed "thanks" in Tre's direction bfore setting back to work. Gently, almost tenderly, she wipes down the womans face and then rolls the rag up before placing it as a compress on the back of her neck. "Sweetie, you're gonan be OK. You're down at the local bar...diner...something. You'd just walked in when you seemed like you's in distress and you fainted. " Cody leans back and looks her over; "Any better?"

[19:39:51] Tara Lynn (tarlyn.dagger) just shook her head, her lips parting to murmur "Why do you look disappointed that she's -not-turning? I'm rather pleased she's ok..." subsiding to quiet again, watching as Tre took the towel over to Cody, her eyes flicking about to watch the various reactions "I'm far more concerned about making sure she stays that way."

white flower by postbear eater of worlds

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i rescued four potted plants from winter a little while ago, and stuck them in an upstairs window. they flowered (about 1cm in size) in gratitude, but since they subsist only on papal decency and plutonium i have to whore them out.

White Queen by John Holderried

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Barring further review from the judges, I'll allow it.

The White Queen (Emma Frost) has a number of different costumes, conceived by different artists. Some of them defy the laws of gravity (and presumably several local decency laws as well), so whatever the individual costumer is comfortable with should be considered acceptable.

Consider that her original costume was just lingerie - a white corset and a fur boa.

The Saint Detective Magazine (July 1955) ... Reverend Bill Proctor -- referred to himself as an "indentured slave to the state." (June 20, 2011) ...item 2.. We are not his preferred constituents. (Feb 9, 2012 at 01:54 PM) ... by marsmett talahassee

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The Internal Revenue Service, by way of a legal process called garnishment, is taking $59,386 from Proctor's commissioner salary for unpaid taxes based on income generated from 2006 through 2009, according to a June 1 letter from the county's human resources department.

The county is ordered to deduct $4,111 per month from Proctor's $72,130 annual salary until the debt is paid off.

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.......***** All images are copyrighted by their respective authors ........

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... It is inaccurate to say that I hate everything. I am strongly in favor of common sense, common honesty, and common decency. This makes me forever ineligible for public office. -- Henry Louis Mencken

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.....item 1).... FloridaToday.com ... IRS to garnish nearly $60K from Proctor's commission paycheck

11:51 PM, Jun. 20, 2011

Written by

TaMaryn Waters

FILED UNDER

News

Local News

www.floridatoday.com/article/CD/20110621/NEWS01/106210319...

By the end of this month, Leon County Commissioner Bill Proctor will receive a county paycheck that's significantly less than what he's bringing home now.

The Internal Revenue Service, by way of a legal process called garnishment, is taking $59,386 from Proctor's commissioner salary for unpaid taxes based on income generated from 2006 through 2009, according to a June 1 letter from the county's human resources department. The county is ordered to deduct $4,111 per month from Proctor's $72,130 annual salary until the debt is paid off.

Proctor, who represents District 1 and also is a political-science instructor at Florida A&M University, told the Tallahassee Democrat on Monday he feels like he's been served a "humanitarian gut check."

After quoting various Bible scriptures, he said the garnishment may make him a better commissioner. Proctor said he will be more sensitive to the needs of other residents who are living with very little or less compared to previous years.

"I will learn how to fast and learn how to pray," said Proctor, an associate minister at Bethel AME Church on Orange Avenue. "I believe there are a lot of people who make less money than me and they make it. This ain't doomsday."

Proctor, who hired an accountant to handle his tax returns, said he earns approximately $55,000 as a FAMU instructor. He said he may need to get another job to make ends meet.

No other county commissioner is bringing home a garnished check, said county spokesman Jon Brown.

Proctor's paycheck has shrunk before.

In 2005, his commissioner salary was garnished by the IRS and the U.S. Department of Education for unpaid taxes and defaulted student loans.

According to a previous Democrat article, Proctor owed the IRS $61,750 in unpaid income taxes, interest and penalties for years 1997-2002. A federal tax lien, which is a hold or claim on property until a debt is paid, was filed in the Leon County Clerk of the Circuit Court on July 18, 2005.

Proctor also still owes $82,017 in fines to the Florida Elections Commission for violations dating back to his 1998 campaign. He was charged with 178 violations, and the Elections Commission sought more than $200,000 in fines. A judge later ordered him to pay the lesser amount.

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www.floridatoday.com/article/CD/20110621/NEWS01/106210319...

(Page 2 of 2)

In October, Proctor told the Democrat he had no plans to pay the fine anytime soon and referred to himself as an "indentured slave to the state."

When asked if he plans to deal with the election fines in light of his latest garnishment, the four-term commissioner quickly said, "Man, somebody needs to forgive that."

He said the Florida Commission on Ethics voted Friday to write off more than $191,000 in bad debts and fines older than a decade against elected officials. He said the federal and state government picks and chooses who they want to save from outstanding fines.

"The government gives monies to corporations to bail them out, but I'm not in the loop," Proctor said. "I'm the one they take money from, not the one they want to give to."

Proctor said he's not aware of whether his FAMU check also is being garnished. Although he won't see a full county check for more than a year, Proctor said, "It's just money ... I've been poor before.

"There is nothing I can do to undo what the government can do to me," Proctor said. "They went to my boss and said his check belongs to us."

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img code photo... Leon County Commissioner Bill Proctor

cmsimg.floridatoday.com/apps/pbcsi.dll/bilde?Site=CD&...

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.....item 2).... WCTV NEWS ... www.wctv.tv ... www.wctv.tv/home/headlines ...

Posted: 10:35 PM Feb 9, 2012

Animal Control Returns to Wide Road Property

Animal control officers say owner making progress, will return for another inspection next week

Reporter: Mike Springer. Julie Montanaro

Email Address: michael.springer@wctv.tv

[UPDATE] Neighbors Tire of Barking Dogs

Neighbors Tire of Barking Dogs

www.wctv.tv/home/headlines/Neighbors_Tire_of_Barking_Dogs...

.....Read Comments.....****** eight (8) comments listed below ******

Comments are posted from viewers like you and do not always reflect the views of this station.

---by Wide Rd. on Feb 9, 2012 at 01:54 PM

Where is our Southside Commissioner?? Mr. Proctor, care to come do your job? His answer would be NO!! We are not his preferred constituents.

---by MissionStatement Location: county on Feb 8, 2012 at 05:12 PM

Animal Control Division Richard Ziegler, Director Animal Control Protecting Leon County's Animals & Citizens Mission Statement: Improve animal and human well-being through education, prevention, and enforcement programs and humane animal care and control services for the citizens and animals of Leon County. DOES IT LOOK LIKE HE IS LIVING UP TO THE MISSION STATEMENT....NO.

---by Nice mugshot on Feb 7, 2012 at 09:53 AM

h t t p://florida.arrests.org/Arrests/Christine_Winckelmann_3487363/

---by TOLD YA SO Location: WIDE RD on Feb 7, 2012 at 01:42 AM

THANK YOU ANIMAL CONTROL [OFFICERS ONLY] FOR NOT GIVING UP ON US THROUGH THE YEARS NOT YOU RICHARD ZIG YOU ARE A SCUM BAG LIAR AND AN ANIMAL ABUSER TO FOR ALLOWING THIS TO GO ON FOR 12 YRS OF OUR COMPLAINTS .CHRIS !!! CHRIS !!!! TOLD YA SO !!!

---by BURR Location: wide road on Feb 6, 2012 at 11:34 PM

In response to "dont hate the dogs" Yes we have spoken with her and she is very unapproachable and will cuss at you and has flipped us off driving down the road. Shes not a nice lady thats rescuing dogs. Shes a bitter lonely woman with no regards for others or her many dogs as the pictures clearly showed tonite.

---by another viewer Location: tlh on Feb 6, 2012 at 11:23 PM

Yes, she works for the Fire Dept., no she is NOT at all what is normal for them. She is in the process of suing them yet again. Trust me, they would love to be rid of her! As for the dogs, I love dogs, all dogs, but hers have been neglected for years. She has 2 homes, one of hers and one that was left to her by her mother. The dogs have taken over so badly that they are digging under the foundation and it is on the verge of collapse. Her poor child is neglected and yet she still gets away with keeping him by staying just on the right side of the line. Someone PLEASE rescue these animals and the kid! She is in serious need of mental help!!!!

---by enough is enough on Feb 4, 2012 at 07:42 PM

for over a decade Winkelmann has been breeding dogs, she would place ads in the paper selling the husky/hound mix pups. i havent seen her advertise any of the pups for sale in a few years. she did not adopt a dog from the shelter EVER! she doesn't rescue, she let them breed. this is a case of a few dogs allowed to breed for 10 yrs and producing offspring. and dont blame the evil shelter for her irresponsibility. she's been offered several vouchers to get her dogs fixed for years. which she refused to do. and now here we are. a decade and nearly a hundred dogs later...

----by Anonymous on Feb 3, 2012 at 06:35 AM

there is a nuisance law in leon county that can be enforced if the LCSO wants to,i lived in Tallahasee and had a neighbor that had 7 dogs and they would keep us up all night from the barking so we called LCSO and they came out numereous times and the person ended up getting some tickets.

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St Mary the Virgin, Dover, Kent by Jelltex

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Nearly halfway through the month, and it's the weekend again, and the the good news is that the sore throat I had on Friday went and did not return.

Which is nice.

Jools's cough, however, which seemed like it was getting better, returned slightly on Friday evening, and would again on Saturday. We had tockets to see Public Service Bradcasting again, this time in Margate, but our hearts were not in it, if I'm honest, and in the end we decided not to go in light of her coughing, but also as I said, we saw them a month back, though this would be a different show.

And Norwich were on the tellybox, what could be better than watching that?

Anything, as it turned out.

But that was for later.

We went to Tesco, a little later than usual, as we had slept in rather, then back home for breakfast before the decision on what to do for the day. Jools decided to stay home to bead and read, I would go out.

There are three churches near to home that I feel I needed to revisit, St Margaret's itself I should be able to get the key from the village shop at any time, but St Mary in Dover hasn't been open the last few times I have been in town, and Barfrestone was closed most of the year due to vandalism.

But Saturday morning there is usually a coffee morning in St Mary, so I went down armed with camera and lenses to take more shots of the details, especially of the windows.

There was a small group with the Vicar, talking in one of the chapels, so I made busy getting my shots, just happy that the church was open. I left a fiver with the vicar, and walked back to the car, passing the old guy supping from a tin of cider sitting outside the church hall.

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In the heart of the town with a prominent twelfth-century tower. From the outside it is obvious that much work was carried out in the nineteenth century. The church has major connections with the Lord Wardens of the Cinque Ports and is much used for ceremonial services. The western bays of the nave with their low semi-circular arches are contemporary with the tower, while the pointed arches to the east are entirely nineteenth century. The scale and choice of stone is entirely wrong, although the carving is very well done. However the east end, with its tall narrow lancet windows, is not so successful. The Royal Arms, of the reign of William and Mary, are of carved and painted wood, with a French motto - Jay Maintendray - instead of the more usual Dieu et Mon Droit. The church was badly damaged in the Second World War, but one of the survivors was the typical Norman font of square Purbeck marble construction. One of the more recent additions to the church is the Herald of Free Enterprise memorial window of 1989 designed by Frederick Cole.

www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Dover+1

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THE TOWN AND PORT OF DOVER.

DOVER lies at the eastern extremity of Kent, adjoining to the sea, the great high London road towards France ending at it. It lies adjoining to the parish of Charlton last-described, eastward, in the lath of St. Augustine and eastern division of the county. It is within the liberty of the cinque ports, and the juristion of the corporation of the town and port of Dover.

DOVER, written in the Latin Itinerary of Antonine, Dubris. By the Saxons, Dorsa, and Dofris. By later historians, Doveria; and in the book of Domesday, Dovere; took its name most probably from the British words, Dufir, signifying water, or Dusirrha, high and steep, alluding to the cliffs adjoining to it. (fn. 1)

It is situated at the extremity of a wide and spacious valley, inclosed on each side by high and steep hills or cliffs, and making allowance for the sea's withdrawing itself from between them, answers well to the description given of it by Julius Cæfar in his Commentaries.

In the middle space, between this chain of high cliffs, in a break or opening, lies the town of Dover and its harbour, which latter, before the sea was shut out, so late as the Norman conquest, was situated much more within the land than it is at present, as will be further noticed hereafter.

ON THE SUMMIT of one of these cliffs, of sudden and stupendous height, close on the north side of the town and harbour, stands DOVER CASTLE, so famous and renowned in all the histories of former times. It is situated so exceeding high, that it is at most times plainly to be seen from the lowest lands on the coast of France, and as far beyond as the eye can discern. Its size, for it contains within it thirty five acres of ground, six of which are taken up by the antient buildings, gives it the appearance of a small city, having its citadel conspicuous in the midst of it, with extensive fortifications, around its walls. The hill, or rather rock, on which it stands, is ragged and steep towards the town and harbour; but towards the sea, it is a perpendicular precipice of a wonderful height, being more than three hundred and twenty feet high, from its basis on the shore.

Common tradition supposes, that Julius Cæfar was the builder of this castle, as well as others in this part of Britain, but surely without a probability of truth; for our brave countrymen found Cæfar sufficient employment of a far different sort, during his short stay in Britain, to give him any opportunity of erecting even this one fortress. Kilburne says, there was a tower here, called Cæsar's tower, afterwards the king's lodgings; but these, now called the king's keep, were built by king Henry II. as will be further mentioned hereafter; and he further says, there were to be seen here great pipes and casks bound with iron hoops, in which was liquor supposed to be wine, which by long lying had become as thick as treacle, and would cleave like birdlime; salt congealed together as hard as stone; cross and long bows and arrows, to which brass was fastened instead of feathers, and they were of such size, as not to be fit for the use of men of that or any late ages. These, Lambarde says, the inhabitants shewed as having belonged to Cæfar, and the wine and salt as part of the provision he had brought with him hither; and Camden relates, that he was shewn these arrows, which he thinks were such as the Romans used to shoot out of their engines, which were like to large crossbows. These last might, no doubt, though not Cæsar's, belong to the Romans of a later time; and the former might, perhaps, be part of the provisions and stores which king Henry VIII. laid in here, at a time when he passed from hence over sea to France. But for many years past it has not been known what is become of any of these things.

Others, averse to Cæsar's having built this castle, and yet willing to give the building of it to the empire of the Romans of a later time, suppose, and that perhaps with some probability, it was first erected by Arviragus, (or Arivog, as he is called on his coin) king of Britain, in the time of Claudius, the Roman emperor. (fn. 2)

That there was one built here, during the continuance of the Roman empire in Britain, must be supposed from the necessity of it, and the circumstances of those times; and the existence of one plainly appears, from the remains of the tower and other parts of the antient church within it, and the octagon tower at the west end, in which are quantities of Roman brick and tile. These towers are evidently the remains of Roman work, the former of much less antiquity than the latter, which may be well supposed to have been built as early as the emperor Claudius, whose expedition hither was about or immediately subsequent to the year of Christ 44. Of these towers, probably the latter was built for a speculum, or watch-tower, and was used, not only to watch the approach of enemies, but with another on the opposite hill, to point out the safe entrance into this port between them, by night as well as by day.

In this fortress, the Romans seem afterwards to have kept a garrison of veterans, as we learn from Pancirollus, who tells us that a company of soldiers under their chief, called Præpositus Militum Tungricanorum, was stationed within this fortess.

Out of the remains of part of the above-mentioned Roman buildings here, a Christian church was erected, as most historians write, by Lucius, king of Britain, about the year 161; but it is much to be doubted whether there ever was such a king in Britain; if there was, he was only a tributary chief to the Roman emperor, under whose peculiar government Britain was then accounted. This church was built, no doubt, for the use of that part of the garrison in particular, who were at that time believers of the gospel, and afterwards during the different changes of the Christian and Pagan religions in these parts, was made use of accordingly, till St. Augustine, soon after the year 597, at the request of king Ethelbert, reconsecrated it, and dedicated it anew, in honour of the blessed Virgin Mary.

¶His son and successor Eadbald, king of Kent, founded a college of secular canons and a provost in this church, whose habitations, undoubtedly near it, there are not the least traces of. These continued here till after the year 691; when Widred, king of Kent, having increated the fortifications, and finding the residence of the religious within them an incumbrance, removed them from hence into the town of Dover, to the antient church of St. Martin; in the description of which hereafter, a further account of them will be given.

DOVER does not seem to have been in much repute as a harbour, till some time after Cæsar's expedition hither; for the unfitness, as well as insecurity of the place, especially for a large fleet of shipping, added to the character which he had given of it, deterred the Romans from making a frequent use of it, so that from Boleyne, or Gessoriacum, their usual port in Gaul, they in general failed with their fleets to Richborough, or Portus Rutupinus, situated at the mouth of the Thames, in Britain, and thence back again; the latter being a most safe and commodious haven, with a large and extensive bay.

Notwithstanding which, Dover certainly was then made use of as a port for smaller vessels, and a nearer intercourse for passengers from the continent; and to render the entrance to it more safe, the Romans built two Specula, or watch-towers, here, on the two hills opposite to each other, to point out the approach to it, and one likewise on the opposite hill at Bologne, for the like purpose there; and it is mentioned as a port by Antoninus, in his Itinerary, in which, ITER III. is A Londinio ad Portum Dubris, i. e. from London to the port of Dover.

After the departure of the Romans from Britain, when the port of Bologne, as well as Richborough, fell into decay and disuse, and instead of the former a nearer port came into use, first at Whitsan, and when that was stopped up, a little higher at Calais, Dover quickly became the more usual and established port of passage between France and Britain, and it has continued so to the present time.

When the antient harbour of Dover was changed from its antient situation is not known; most probably by various occurrences of nature, the sea left it by degrees, till at last the farmer scite of it became entirely swallowed up by the beach. That the harbour was much further within land, even at the time of the conquest than it is at present, seems to be confirmed by Domesday, in which it is said, that at the entrance of it, there was a mill which damaged almost every ship that passed by it, on account of the great swell of the sea there. Where the scite of this mill was, is now totally unknown, though it is probable it was much within the land, and that by the still further accumulation of the beach, and other natural causes, this haven was in process of time so far filled up towards the inland part of it, as to change its situation still more to the south-west, towards the sea.

From the time of the Norman conquest this port continued the usual passage to the continent, and to confine the intercourse to this port only, there was a statute passed anno 4 Edward IV. that none should take shipping for Calais, but at Dover. (fn. 20) But in king Henry VII.'s time, which was almost the next reign, the harbour was become so swerved up, as to render it necessary for the king's immediate attention, to prevent its total ruin, and he expended great sums of money for its preservation. But it was found, that all that was done, would not answer the end proposed, without the building of a pier to seaward, which was determined on about the middle of Henry VIII.'s reign, and one was constructed, which was compiled of two rows of main posts, and great piles, which were let into holes hewn in the rock underneath, and some were shod with iron, and driven down into the main chalk, and fastened together with iron bands and bolts. The bottom being first filled up with great rocks of stone, and the remainder above with great chalk stones, beach, &c. During the whole of this work, the king greatly encouraged the undertaking, and came several times to view it; and in the whole is said to have expended near 63,000l. on it. But his absence afterwards abroad, his ill health, and at last his death, joined to the minority of his successor, king Edward VI. though some feeble efforts were made in his reign, towards the support of this pier, put a stop to, and in the end exposed this noble work to decay and ruin.

Queen Mary, indeed, attempted to carry it on again, but neither officers nor workmen being well paid, it came to nothing, so that in process of time the sea having brought up great quantities of beach again upon it, the harbour was choaked up, and the loss of Calais happening about the same time, threatened the entire destruction of it. Providentially the shelf of beach was of itself became a natural defence against the rage of the sea, insomuch, that if a passage could be made for ships to get safely within it, they might ride there securely.

To effect this, several projects were formed, and queen Elizabeth, to encourage it, gave to the town the free transportation of several thousand quarters of corn and tuns of beer; and in the 23d of her reign, an act passed for giving towards the repair of the harbour, a certain tonnage from every vessel above twenty tons burthen, passing by it, which amounted to 1000l. yearly income; and the lord Cobham, then lordwarden, and others, were appointed commissioners for this purpose; and in the end, after many different trials to effect it, a safe harbour was formed, with a pier, and different walls and sluices, at a great expence; during the time of which a universal diligence and public spirit appeared in every one concerned in this great and useful work. During the whole of the queen's reign, the improvement of this harbour continued without intermission, and several more acts passed for that purpose; but the future preservation of it was owing to the charter of incorporation of the governors of it, in the first year of king James I. by an act passed that year, by the name of the warden and assistants of the harbour of Dover, the warden being always the lord-warden of the cinque ports for the time being, and his assistants, his lieutenant, and the mayor of Dover, for the time being, and eight others, the warden and assistants only making a quorum; six to be present to make a session; at any of which, on a vacancy, the assistants to be elected; and the king granted to them his land or waste ground, or beach, commonly called the Pier, or Harbour ground, as it lay without Southgate, or Snargate, the rents of which are now of the yearly value of about three hundred pounds.

Under the direction of this corporation, the works and improvements of this harbour have been carried on, and acts of parliament have been passed in almost every reign since, to give the greater force to their proceedings.

From what has been said before, the reader will observe, that this harbour has always been a great national object, and that in the course of many ages, prodigious sums of money have been from time to time expended on it, and every endeavour used to keep it open, and render it commodious; but after all these repeated endeavours and expences, it still labours under such circumstances, as in a very great degree renders unsuccessful all that has ever been done for that purpose.

DOVER, as has been already mentioned, was of some estimation in the time of the Roman empire in Britain, on account of its haven, and afterwards for the castle, in which they kept a strong garrison of sol. diers, not only to guard the approach to it, but to keep the natives in subjection; and in proof of their residence here, the Rev. Mr. Lyon some years since discovered the remains of a Roman structure, which he apprehended to have been a bath, at the west end of the parish-church of St. Mary, in this town, which remains have since repeatedly been laid open when interments have taken place there.

This station of the Romans is mentioned by Antonine, in his Itinerary of the Roman roads in Britain, by the name of Dubris, as being situated from the station named Durovernum, or Canterbury, fourteen miles; which distance, compared with the miles as they are now numbered from Canterbury, shews the town, as well as the haven, for they were no doubt contiguous to each other, to have both been nearer within land than either of them are at present, the present distance from Canterbury being near sixteen miles as the road now goes, The sea, indeed, seems antiently to have occupied in great part the space where the present town of Dover, or at least the northwest part of it, now stands; but being shut out by the quantity of beach thrown up, and the harbour changed by that means to its present situation, left that place a dry ground, on which the town of Dover, the inhabitants following the traffic of the harbour, was afterwards built.

This town, called by the Saxons, Dofra, and Dofris; by later historians, Doveria; and in Domesday, Dovere; is agreed by all writers to have been privileged before the conquest; and by the survey of Domesday, appears to have been of ability in the time of king Edward the Confessor, to arm yearly twenty vessels for sea service. In consideration of which, that king granted to the inhabitants, not only to be free from the payment of thol and other privileges throughout the realm, but pardoned them all manner of suit and service to any of his courts whatsoever; and in those days, the town seems to have been under the protection and government of Godwin, earl of Kent, and governor of this castle.

Soon after the conquest, this town was so wasted by fire, that almost all the houses were reduced to ashes, as appears by the survey of Domesday, at the beginning of which is the following entry of it:

DOVERE, in the time of king Edward, paid eighteen pounds, of which money, king E had two parts, and earl Goduin the third. On the other hand, the canons of St. Martin had another moiety. The burgesses gave twenty ships to the king once in the year, for fifteen days; and in each ship were twenty and one men. This they did on the account that he had pardoned them sac and soc. When the messengers of the king came there, they gave for the passage of a horse three pence in winter, and two in summer. But the burgesses found a steerman, and one other assistant, and if there should be more necessary, they were provided at his cost. From the festival of St. Michael to the feast of St. Andrew, the king's peace was in the town. Sigerius had broke it, on which the king's bailiff had received the usual fine. Whoever resided constantly in the town paid custom to the king; he was free from thol throughout England. All these customs were there when king William came into England. On his first arrival in England, the town itself was burnt, and therefore its value could not be computed how much it was worth, when the bishop of Baieux received it. Now it is rated at forty pounds, and yet the bailiff pays from thence fifty-four pounds to the king; of which twenty-four pounds in money, which were twenty in an one, but thirty pounds to the earl by tale.

In Dovere there are twenty-nine plats of ground, of which the king had lost the custom. Of these Robert de Romenel has two. Ralph de Curbespine three. William, son of Tedald, one. William, son of Oger, one. William, son of Tedold, and Robert niger, six. William, son of Goisfrid, three, in which the guildhall of the burgesses was. Hugo de Montfort one house. Durand one. Rannulf de Colubels one. Wadard six. The son of Modbert one. And all these vouch the bishop of Baieux as the protector and giver of these houses. Of that plat of ground, which Rannulf de Colubels holds, which was a certain outlaw, they agree that the half of the land was the king's, and Rannulf himself has both parts. Humphry the lame man holds one plat of ground, of which half the forfeiture is the king's. Roger de Ostrabam made a certain house over the king's water, and held to this time the custom of the king; nor was a house there in the time of king Edward. In the entrance of the port of Dovere, there is one mill, which damages almost every ship, by the great swell of the sea, and does great damage to the king and his tenants; and it was not there in the time of king Edward. Concerning this, the grandson of Herbert says, that the bishop of Baieux granted it to his uncle Herbert, the son of Ivo.

And a little further, in the same record, under the bishop's possessions likewise:

In Estrei hundred, Wibertus holds half a yoke, which lies in the gild of Dover, and now is taxed with the land of Osbert, the son of Letard, and is worth per annum four shillings.

From the Norman conquest, the cities and towns of this realm appear to have been vested either in the crown, or else in the clergy or great men of the laity, and they were each, as such, immediately lords of the same. Thus, when the bishop of Baieux, to whom the king had, as may be seen by the above survey, granted this town, was disgraced. It returned into the king's hands by forfeiture, and king Richard I. afterwards granted it in ferme to Robt. Fitz-bernard. (fn. 21)

After the time of the taking of the survey of Domesday, the harbour of Dover still changing its situation more to the south-westward, the town seems to have altered its situation too, and to have been chiefly rebuilt along the sides of the new harbour, and as an encouragement to it, at the instance, and through favour especially to the prior of Dover, king Edward I. in corporated this town, the first that was so of any of the cinque ports, by the name of the mayor and commonalty. The mayor to be chosen out of the latter, from which body he was afterwards to chuse the assistants for his year, who were to be sworn for that purpose. At which time, the king had a mint for the coinage of money here; and by patent, anno 27 of that reign, the table of the exchequer of money was appointed to be held here, and at Yarmouth. (fn. 22) But the good effects of these marks of the royal favour were soon afterwards much lessened, by a dreadful disaster; for the French landed here in the night, in the 23d year of that reign, and burnt the greatest part of the town, and several of the religious houses, in it, and this was esteemed the more treacherousk, as it was done whilst the two cardinals were here, treating for a peace between England and France; which misfortune, however, does not seem to have totally impoverished it, for in the 17th year of the next reign of king Edward II it appears in some measure to have recovered its former state, and to have been rebuilt, as appears by the patent rolls of that year, in which the town of Dover is said to have then had in it twenty-one wards, each of which was charged with one ship for the king's use; in consideration of which, each ward had the privilege of a licensed packetboat, called a passenger, from Dover across the sea to Whitsan, in France, the usual port at that time of embarking from thence.

The state of this place in the reign of Henry VIII. is given by Leland, in his Itinerary, as follows:

"Dovar ys xii myles fro Canterbury and viii fro Sandwich. Ther hath bene a haven yn tyme past and yn taken ther of the ground that lyith up betwyxt the hilles is yet in digging found wosye. Ther hath bene found also peeces of cabelles and anchores and Itinerarium Antonini cawlyth hyt by the name of a haven. The towne on the front toward the se hath bene right strongly walled and embateled and almost al the residew; but now yt is parly fawlen downe and broken downe. The residew of the towne as far as I can perceyve was never waulled. The towne is devided into vi paroches. Wherof iii be under one rose at S. Martines yn the hart of the town. The other iii stand that yt hath be walled abowt but not dyked. The other iii stand abrode, of the which one is cawled S. James of Rudby or more likely Rodeby a statione navium. But this word ys not sufficient to prove that Dovar showld be that place, the which the Romaynes cawlled Portus Rutupi or Rutupinum. For I cannot yet se the contrary but Retesboro otherwise cawlled Richeboro by Sandwich, both ways corruptly, must neades be Rutupinum. The mayne strong and famose castel of Dovar stondeth on the loppe of a hille almost a quarter of a myle of fro the towne on the lyst side and withyn the castel ys a chapel, yn the sides wherof appere sum greate Briton brykes. In the town was a great priory of blacke monkes late suppressed. There is also an hospitalle cawlled the Meason dew. On the toppe of the hye clive betwene the towne and the peere remayneth yet abowt a slyte shot up ynto the land fro the very brymme of the se clysse as ruine of a towr, the which has bene as a pharos or a mark to shyppes on the se and therby was a place of templarys. As concerning the river of Dovar it hath no long cowrse from no spring or hedde notable that descendith to that botom. The principal hed, as they say is at a place cawled Ewelle and that is not past a iii or iiii myles fro Dovar. Ther be springes of frech waters also at a place cawled Rivers. Ther is also a great spring at a place cawled …… and that once in a vi or vii yeres brasted owt so abundantly that a great part of the water cummeth into Dovar streme, but als yt renneth yn to the se betwyxt Dovar and Folchestan, but nerer to Folchestan that is to say withyn a ii myles of yt. Surely the hedde standeth so that it might with no no great cost be brought to run alway into Dovar streame." (fn. 23)

Cougate Crosse-gate Bocheruy-gate stoode with toures toward the se. There is beside Beting-gate and Westegate.

Howbeyt MTuine tol me a late that yt hath be walled abowt but not dyked.

This was the state of Dover just before the time of the dissolution of religious houses, in Henry VIII.'s reign, when the abolition of private masses, obits, and such like services in churches, occasioned by the reformation, annillilated the greatest part of the income of the priests belonging to them, in this as well as in other towns, in consequence of which most of them were deserted, and falling to ruin, the parishes belonging to them were united to one or two of the principal ones of them. Thus, in this town, of the several churches in it, two only remained in use for divine service, viz. St. Mary's and St. James's, to which the parishes of the others were united.

After this, the haven continuting to decay more than ever, notwithstanding the national assistance afforded to it, the town itself seemed hastening to impoverishment. What the state of it was in the 8th year of queen Elizabeth, may be seen, by the certificate returned by the queen's order of the maritime places, in her 8th year, by which it appears that there were then in Dover, houses inhabited three hundred and fifty-eight; void, or lack of inhabiters, nineteen; a mayor, customer, comptroller of authorities, not joint but several; ships and crayers twenty, from four tons to one hundred and twenty.

¶This probable ruin of the town, however, most likely induced the queen, in her 20th year, to grant it a new charter of incorporation, in which the manner of chusing mayor, jurats, and commoners, and of making freemen, was new-modelled, and several surther liberties and privileges granted, and those of the charter of king Edward I. confirmed likewise by inspeximus. After which, king Charles II. in his 36th year, anno 1684, granted to it a new charter, which, however, was never inrolled in chancery, and in consequence of a writ of quo warranto was that same year surrendered, and another again granted next year; but this last, as well as another charter granted by king James II. and forced on the corporation, being made wholly subservient to the king's own purposes, were annulled by proclamation, made anno 1688, being the fourth and last year of his reign: but none of the above charters being at this time extant, (the charters of this corporation, as well as those of the other cinque ports, being in 1685, by the king's command, surrendered up to Col. Strode, then governor of Dover castle, and never returned again, nor is it known what became of them,) Dover is now held to be a corporation by prescription, by the stile of the mayor, jurats, and commonalty of the town and port of Dover. It consists at present of a mayor, twelve jurats, and thirty-six commoners, or freemen, together with a chamberlain, recorder, and town-clerk. The mayor, who is coroner by virtue of his office, is chosen on Sept. 8, yearly, in St. Mary's church, and together with the jurats, who are justices within this liberty, exclusive of all others, hold a court of general sessions of the peace and gaol delivery, together with a court of record, and it has other privileges, mostly the same as the other corporations, within the liberties of the cinque ports. It has the privilege of a mace. The election of mayor was antiently in the church of St. Peter, whence in 1581 it was removed to that of St. Mary, where it has been, as well as the elections of barons to serve in parliament, held ever since. These elections here, as well as elsewhere in churches, set apart for the worship of God, are certainly a scandal to decency and religion, and are the more inexcusable here, as there is a spacious court-hall, much more fit for the purposes. After this, there was another byelaw made, in June, 1706, for removing these elections into the court-hall; but why it was not put in execution does not appear, unless custom prevented it—for if a decree was of force to move them from one church to another, another decree was of equal force to remove them from the church to the courthall. Within these few years indeed, a motion was made in the house of commons, by the late alderman Sawbridge, a gentlemand not much addicted to speak in favour of the established church, to remove all such elections, through decency, from churches to other places not consecrated to divine worship; but though allowed to be highly proper, yet party resentment against the mover of it prevailed, and the motion was negatived by a great majority.

The mayor is chosen by the resident freemen. The jurats are nominated from the common-councilmen by the jurats, and appointed by the mayor, jurats, and common-councilmen, by ballot.

THE CHURCH OF ST. Mary stands at some distance from the entrance into this town from Canterbury, near the market-place. It is said to have been built by the prior and convent of St. Martin, (fn. 47) in the year 1216; but from what authority, I know not.—Certain it is, that it was in king John's reign, in the gift of the king, and was afterwards given by him to John de Burgh; but in the 8th year of Richard II.'s reign, anno 1384, it was become appropriated to the abbot of Pontiniac. After which, by what means, I cannot discover, this appropriation, as well as the advowson of the church, came into the possession of the master and brethren of the hospital of the Maison Dieu, who took care that the church should be daily served by a priest, who should officiate in it for the benefit of the parish. In which state it continued till the suppression of the hospital, in the 36th year of king Henry VIII.'s reign, when it came into the hands of the crown, at which time the parsonage was returned by John Thompson, master of the hospital, to be worth six pounds per annum.

Two years after which, the king being at Dover, at the humble entreaty of the inhabitants of this parish, gave to them, as it is said, this church, with the cemetery adjoining to it, to be used by them as a parochial church; at the same time he gave the pews of St. Martin's church for the use of it; and on the king's departure, in token of possession, they sealed up the church doors; since which, the patronage of it, which is now esteemed as a perpetual curacy, the minister of it being licensed by the archbishop, has been vested in the inhabitants of this parish. Every parishioner, paying scot and lot, having a vote in the chusing of the minister, whose maintenance had been from time to time, at their voluntary option, more or less. It is now fixed at eighty pounds per annum. Besides which he has the possession of a good house, where he resides, which was purchased by the inhabitants in 1754, for the perpetual use of the minister of it. It is exempt from the jurisdiction of the archdeacon. (fn. 48)

There is a piece of ground belonging, as it is said, to the glebe of this church, rented annually at ten pounds, which is done by vestry, without the minister being at all concerned in it. In 1588 here were eight hundred and twenty-one communicants. This parish contains more than five parts out of six of the whole town, and a greater proportion of the inhabitants.

The church of St. Mary is a large handsome building of three isles, having a high and south chancel, all covered with lead, and built of flints, with ashler windows and door cases, which are arched and ornamented. At the west end is the steeple, which is a spire covered with lead, in which are eight bells, a clock, and chimes. The pillars in the church are large and clumsy; the arches low and semicircular in the body, but eliptical in the chancel; but there is no separation between the body and chancel, and the pews are continued on to the east end of the church. In the high chancel, at the eastern extremity of it, beyond the altar, are the seats for the mayor and jurats; and here the mayor is now chosen, and the barons in parliament for this town and port constantly elected.

In 1683, there was a faculty granted to the churchwardens, to remove the magistrates seats from the east end of the church to the north side, or any other more convenient part of it, and for the more decent and commodious placing the communion table: in consequence of which, these seats were removed, and so placed, but they continued there no longer than 1689, when, by several orders of vestry, they were removed back again to where they remain at present.

The mayor was antiently chosen in St. Peter's church; but by a bye-law of the corporation, it was removed to this church in 1583, where it has ever since been held. In 1706, another bye law was made, to remove, for the sake of decency, all elections from this church to the court-hall, but it never took place. More of which has been mentioned before.

From the largeness, as well as the populousness of this parish, the church is far from being sufficient to contain the inhabitants who resort to it for public worship, notwithstanding there are four galleries in it, and it is otherwise well pewed. This church was paved in 1642, but it was not ceiled till 1706. In 1742, there was an organ erected in it. The two branches in it were given, one by subscription in 1738, and the other by the pilots in 1742.

Thomas Toke, of Dover, buried in the chapel of St. Katharine, in this church, by his will in 1484, gave seven acres of land at Dugate, under Windlass-down, to the wardens of this church, towards the repairs of it for ever.

¶The monuments and memorials in this church and church yard, are by far too numerous to mention here. Among them are the following: A small monument in the church for the celebrated Charles Churchill, who was buried in the old church-yard of St. Martin in this town, as has been noticed before; and a small stone, with a memorial for Samuel Foote, esq. the celebrated comedian, who died at the Ship inn, and had a grave dug for him in this church, but was afterwards carried to London, and buried there. A monument and several memorials for the family of Eaton; arms, Or, a sret, azure. A small tablet for John Ker, laird of Frogden, in Twit dale, in Scotland, who died suddenly at Dover, in his way to France, in 1730. Two monuments for Farbrace, arms, Azure, a bend, or, between two roses, argent, seeded, or, bearded vert. A monument in the middle isle, to the memory of the Minet family. In the north isle are several memorials for the Gunmans, of Dover; arms,. … a spread eagle, argent, gorged with a ducal coronet, or. There are others, to the memory of Broadley, Rouse, and others, of good account in this town.

www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-kent/vol9/pp475-548

Martin Luther King Jr. Pastor Artifacts by Wayne Hsieh

3

"Our whole campaign in Alabama has been centered around the right to vote. In focusing the attention of the nation and the world today on the flagrant denial of the right to vote, we are exposing the very origin, the root cause, of racial segregation in the Southland...the segregation of the races was really a political stratagem employed by the emerging Bourbon interests in the South to keep the southern masses divided and southern labor the cheapest in the land... it may be said of the Reconstruction era that the southern aristocracy took the world and gave the poor white man Jim Crow...And when his wrinkled stomach cried out for the food that his empty pockets could not provide, (Yes, sir) he ate Jim Crow, a psychological bird that told him that no matter how bad off he was, at least he was a white man, better than the black man. (Right sir) And he ate Jim Crow. (Uh huh) And when his undernourished children cried out for the necessities that his low wages could not provide, he showed them the Jim Crow signs on the buses and in the stores, on the streets and in the public buildings. (Yes, sir) And his children, too, learned to feed upon Jim Crow, (Speak) their last outpost of psychological oblivion. (Yes, sir)...

Thus, the threat of the free exercise of the ballot by the Negro and the white masses alike (Uh huh) resulted in the establishment of a segregated society. They segregated southern money from the poor whites; they segregated southern mores from the rich whites; (Yes, sir) they segregated southern churches from Christianity (Yes, sir); they segregated southern minds from honest thinking; (Yes, sir) and they segregated the Negro from everything. (Yes, sir) That’s what happened when the Negro and white masses of the South threatened to unite and build a great society: a society of justice where none would pray upon the weakness of others; a society of plenty where greed and poverty would be done away; a society of brotherhood where every man would respect the dignity and worth of human personality. (Yes, sir)

Today I want to tell the city of Selma, (Tell them, Doctor) today I want to say to the state of Alabama, (Yes, sir) today I want to say to the people of America and the nations of the world, that we are not about to turn around. (Yes, sir) We are on the move now. (Yes, sir)

Yes, we are on the move and no wave of racism can stop us. (Yes, sir) We are on the move now. The burning of our churches will not deter us. (Yes, sir) The bombing of our homes will not dissuade us. (Yes, sir) We are on the move now. (Yes, sir) The beating and killing of our clergymen and young people will not divert us. We are on the move now. (Yes, sir) The wanton release of their known murderers would not discourage us. We are on the move now. (Yes, sir) Like an idea whose time has come, (Yes, sir) not even the marching of mighty armies can halt us. (Yes, sir) We are moving to the land of freedom. (Yes, sir)

Let us therefore continue our triumphant march (Uh huh) to the realization of the American dream. (Yes, sir) Let us march on segregated housing (Yes, sir) until every ghetto or social and economic depression dissolves, and Negroes and whites live side by side in decent, safe, and sanitary housing. (Yes, sir) Let us march on segregated schools (Let us march, Tell it) until every vestige of segregated and inferior education becomes a thing of the past, and Negroes and whites study side-by-side in the socially-healing context of the classroom.

Let us march on poverty (Let us march) until no American parent has to skip a meal so that their children may eat. (Yes, sir) March on poverty (Let us march) until no starved man walks the streets of our cities and towns (Yes, sir) in search of jobs that do not exist. (Yes, sir) Let us march on poverty (Let us march) until wrinkled stomachs in Mississippi are filled, (That's right) and the idle industries of Appalachia are realized and revitalized, and broken lives in sweltering ghettos are mended and remolded.

Let us march on ballot boxes, (Let’s march) march on ballot boxes until race-baiters disappear from the political arena.

Let us march on ballot boxes until the salient misdeeds of bloodthirsty mobs (Yes, sir) will be transformed into the calculated good deeds of orderly citizens. (Speak, Doctor)

Let us march on ballot boxes (Let us march) until the Wallaces of our nation tremble away in silence.

Let us march on ballot boxes (Let us march) until we send to our city councils (Yes, sir), state legislatures, (Yes, sir) and the United States Congress, (Yes, sir) men who will not fear to do justly, love mercy, and walk humbly with thy God.

Let us march on ballot boxes (Let us march. March) until brotherhood becomes more than a meaningless word in an opening prayer, but the order of the day on every legislative agenda.

Let us march on ballot boxes (Yes) until all over Alabama God’s children will be able to walk the earth in decency and honor.

There is nothing wrong with marching in this sense. (Yes, sir) The Bible tells us that the mighty men of Joshua merely walked about the walled city of Jericho (Yes) and the barriers to freedom came tumbling down...

The battle is in our hands. And we can answer with creative nonviolence the call to higher ground to which the new directions of our struggle summons us. (Yes, sir) The road ahead is not altogether a smooth one. (No) There are no broad highways that lead us easily and inevitably to quick solutions. But we must keep going.

In the glow of the lamplight on my desk a few nights ago, I gazed again upon the wondrous sign of our times, full of hope and promise of the future. (Uh huh) And I smiled to see in the newspaper photographs of many a decade ago, the faces so bright, so solemn, of our valiant heroes, the people of Montgomery. To this list may be added the names of all those (Yes) who have fought and, yes, died in the nonviolent army of our day: Medgar Evers, (Speak) three civil rights workers in Mississippi last summer, (Uh huh) William Moore, as has already been mentioned, (Yes, sir) the Reverend James Reeb, (Yes, sir) Jimmy Lee Jackson, (Yes, sir) and four little girls in the church of God in Birmingham on Sunday morning. (Yes, sir) But in spite of this, we must go on and be sure that they did not die in vain. (Yes, sir) The pattern of their feet as they walked through Jim Crow barriers in the great stride toward freedom is the thunder of the marching men of Joshua, (Yes, sir) and the world rocks beneath their tread. (Yes, sir)

My people, my people, listen. (Yes, sir) The battle is in our hands. (Yes, sir) The battle is in our hands in Mississippi and Alabama and all over the United States. (Yes, sir) I know there is a cry today in Alabama, (Uh huh) we see it in numerous editorials: "When will Martin Luther King, SCLC, SNCC, and all of these civil rights agitators and all of the white clergymen and labor leaders and students and others get out of our community and let Alabama return to normalcy?"

But I have a message that I would like to leave with Alabama this evening. (Tell it) That is exactly what we don’t want, and we will not allow it to happen, (Yes, sir) for we know that it was normalcy in Marion (Yes, sir) that led to the brutal murder of Jimmy Lee Jackson. (Speak) It was normalcy in Birmingham (Yes) that led to the murder on Sunday morning of four beautiful, unoffending, innocent girls. It was normalcy on Highway 80 (Yes, sir) that led state troopers to use tear gas and horses and billy clubs against unarmed human beings who were simply marching for justice. (Speak, sir) It was normalcy by a cafe in Selma, Alabama, that led to the brutal beating of Reverend James Reeb.

It is normalcy all over our country (Yes, sir) which leaves the Negro perishing on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of vast ocean of material prosperity. It is normalcy all over Alabama (Yeah) that prevents the Negro from becoming a registered voter. (Yes) No, we will not allow Alabama (Go ahead) to return to normalcy. [Applause]

The only normalcy that we will settle for (Yes, sir) is the normalcy that recognizes the dignity and worth of all of God’s children. The only normalcy that we will settle for is the normalcy that allows judgment to run down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream. (Yes, sir) The only normalcy that we will settle for is the normalcy of brotherhood, the normalcy of true peace, the normalcy of justice.

And so as we go away this afternoon, let us go away more than ever before committed to this struggle and committed to nonviolence. I must admit to you that there are still some difficult days ahead... I must admit to you that there are still jail cells waiting for us, and dark and difficult moments. But if we will go on with the faith that nonviolence and its power can transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows, we will be able to change all of these conditions.

And so I plead with you this afternoon as we go ahead: remain committed to nonviolence. Our aim must never be to defeat or humiliate the white man, but to win his friendship and understanding. We must come to see that the end we seek is a society at peace with itself, a society that can live with its conscience. And that will be a day not of the white man, not of the black man. That will be the day of man as man. (Yes)

I know you are asking today, "How long will it take?" (Speak, sir) Somebody’s asking, "How long will prejudice blind the visions of men, darken their understanding, and drive bright-eyed wisdom from her sacred throne?" Somebody’s asking, "When will wounded justice, lying prostrate on the streets of Selma and Birmingham and communities all over the South, be lifted from this dust of shame to reign supreme among the children of men?" Somebody’s asking, "When will the radiant star of hope be plunged against the nocturnal bosom of this lonely night, (Speak, speak, speak) plucked from weary souls with chains of fear and the manacles of death? How long will justice be crucified, (Speak) and truth bear it?" (Yes, sir)

I come to say to you this afternoon, however difficult the moment, (Yes, sir) however frustrating the hour, it will not be long, (No sir) because "truth crushed to earth will rise again." (Yes, sir)

How long? Not long, (Yes, sir) because "no lie can live forever." (Yes, sir)

How long? Not long, (All right. How long) because "you shall reap what you sow." (Yes, sir)

How long? (How long?) Not long: (Not long)...

How long? Not long, because the arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice. (Yes, sir)...

How long? Not long, (Not long) because:

Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord; (Yes, sir)

He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored; (Yes)

He has loosed the fateful lightning of his terrible swift sword; (Yes, sir)

His truth is marching on. (Yes, sir)

He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat; (Speak, sir)

He is sifting out the hearts of men before His judgment seat. (That’s right)

O, be swift, my soul, to answer Him! Be jubilant my feet!

Our God is marching on. (Yeah)

Glory, hallelujah! (Yes, sir) Glory, hallelujah! (All right)

Glory, hallelujah! Glory, hallelujah!

His truth is marching on. [Applause]"

-Rev Martin Luther King Jr. , 25 March 1965, Montgomery, Ala.