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The student counts the money amount in each area (all nickels) and labels it with the correct amount. A key is located across the top of the sheet.
At Pevensey Castle
Pevensey Castle: a Saxon Shore fort, Norman defences, a medieval enclosure castle, and later associated remains
The monument includes Anderita Saxon Shore fort, traces of later, Norman defences, an enclosure castle, a 16th century gun emplacement and World War II defences situated on a low spur of sand and clay which now lies around 2km north west of the present East Sussex coastline at Pevensey. During the Roman and medieval periods the spur formed a peninsula projecting into a tidal lagoon and marshland, but coastal deposition and land reclamation have gradually built up the ground around it so that it is now completely land-locked. The roughly oval, north east-south west aligned Roman fort is the earliest of the structures which make up the monument and has been dated to the first half of the fourth century AD. Covering almost 4ha, the fort survives in the form of substantial ruins and buried remains. It is enclosed by a massive defensive wall with a flint and sandstone rubble core faced by coursed greensand and ironstone blocks, interspersed with red tile bonding courses. The whole is up to 3.7m thick and survives to a height of up to 8.1m. The wall was originally topped by a wall walk and parapet. Part excavation in 1906-8 showed that the wall was constructed on footings of rammed chalk and flints underpinned by oak piles and held together by a framework of wooden beams. Investigation of the internal face indicated that this was stepped upwards from a wide base so as to provide extra strength and support. Despite these precautions, a landslip on the south eastern side of the fort has resulted in the destruction of a c.180m length of the perimeter walls and, although fragments of the fallen masonry do survive, most have been removed over the years. Smaller sections of wall have also collapsed along the north western and eastern stretches. The defensive strength provided by the perimeter wall was enhanced by irregularly-spaced, externally projecting semicircular bastions with diameters of around 5m. There were originally at least 15 of these, of which 10 survive today. The fort was entered from its south western, landward approach by way of the main gateway. In front of this a protective ditch 5.5m wide was dug, and, although this became infilled over the years, a 40m stretch located towards its south eastern end has been recut and exposed. The ditch would have been spanned originally by a wooden bridge, although this no longer survives. The main gateway takes the form of a rectangular gatehouse set back between two solid semicircular bastions 8m apart. The 2.7m wide, originally arched entrance is flanked by two oblong guardrooms and the whole gateway structure projects beyond the inner face of the perimeter wall into the fort and is thought to have been originally two or even three storeys high. On the eastern side of the fort is a more simply designed subsidiary gateway, originally a 3m wide archway entrance, giving access to part of the adjacent Roman harbour, now overlain by Pevensey village. The extant archway is a modern reconstruction of the Norman rebuilding of the original entrance. Traces of a wooden causeway which led from it into the fort have been found during partial excavation. Midway along the north western stretch of perimeter wall is a now ruined postern c.2m wide, approached by a curved passage set within the wall. Part excavation between 1906-1908 indicated that the internal buildings which housed the garrison of up to 1,000 men, along with their livestock and supplies, were constructed of timber infilled with wattle and daub. A c.1m sq timber-lined Roman well was found in the south western sector of the fort, at the bottom of which were the remains of the wooden bucket with rope still attached. The well was found to have been filled with rubbish in Roman times and the presence of the bones of cattle, sheep, red deer, wild boar, wild birds, domestic dogs and cats, along with sea shells, gives some indication of the diet and lifestyle of the fort's original inhabitants. Anderita is thought to have been abandoned by its garrison by the latter half of the 4th century AD, and although little is known of its subsequent history until the 11th century, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records a massacre of Britons by the invading Saxons at the fort in AD 491. The Bayeux Tapestry states that William the Conquerer landed at Pevensey in 1066, and the Norman army are believed to have made use of the Roman fort as one of their first armed camps. The defences at Pevensey and the surrounding land were granted to King William's half-brother Robert, Count of Mortain. The medieval defences then went through at least 300 years of development, culminating in the construction of a stone built enclosure castle within the largely intact walls of the earlier Roman fort. It is thought that the first Norman defences took the form of a wooden palisade surrounded by a bank and ditch, and a c.40m length of partially infilled ditch up to 9m wide which survives across the north eastern sector of the earlier fort may indicate their original extent. Limited excavations in 1993-94 showed that the ground surface in the south eastern sector of the fort, in the vicinity of the later stone-built keep, was artificially raised some time before 1200, suggesting that a motte may also have been constructed. The original Roman gateways were rebuilt and a new ditch dug in front of the south western gate. Most of the Norman defences and interior wooden buildings will now survive in buried form beneath the later medieval castle, although herringbone-pattern repairs to the Roman masonry, by then serving as the outer bailey of the medieval defences, also date from this time. Around 1100 the defences were strengthened and the accommodation improved by the addition of a masonry keep in the south eastern sector of the earlier fort. The subject of a complex history of alteration, collapse and repair, the keep utilises part of the earlier, Roman perimeter wall and bastions. It takes the form of a rectangular block measuring c.16.8m by c.9m internally, reinforced by apsidal projections on all sides. Now surviving in ruined form up to first floor level, the keep originally took the form of a tall tower with an entrance on the first floor. A rectangular building measuring 7.6m by 6m was later constructed in the south eastern angle between the keep and the Roman wall. At around 1200 work began on the construction of a smaller, stone-built inner bailey in the south eastern sector of the earlier fort. An L-shaped ditch around 20m wide was dug to define the new enclosure, and this retains water in its northern arm. The material excavated from the ditch and from the destruction of the earlier bank was spread over much of the outer bailey to a depth of up to 1.5m. The ditch was recut during extensive renovations carried out during the early 20th century. The first structure to be built in this phase was the gatehouse to the south west which has an arched entrance between twin, semicircular external towers, now ruined. The basement chambers beneath each tower have ashlar-faced walls and barrel-vaulted ceilings, the southern chamber being entered by way of a newel staircase, the northern by a trapdoor. Both were used to house prisoners. Many subsequent alterations included the replacement, during the 15th century, of the wooden bridge over the outer ditch by a stone causeway. The originally embattled curtain wall enclosing the inner bailey was built within the ditch and inner berm around 1250. This survives almost to its full original height and is faced with coursed Greensand ashlar. Three semicircular external towers provided flanking cover from the narrow embrasures which pierce their walls. Each has a narrow staircase to a basement, a branch staircase off it into the ditch and a room and garderobe, or latrine, at ground floor level. Upper rooms were entered by way of the wall walk and were heated by fireplaces. The basement of the northernmost tower has two rib-vaulted bays, the keeled ribs resting on stiff-leaf corbels. The interior castle buildings continued to be built mainly of wood and these will survive in buried form, although the stone foundations of a chapel were exposed during partial excavation of the northern sector of the inner bailey. Around 20m south east of the chapel is a large stone-lined well at least 15.5m deep, and near this is a pile of medieval stone missile-balls, a selection of those recovered from the ditch. These were thrown from trebuchets during the four sieges of the castle. William, Count of Mortain forfeited Pevensey after an unsuccessful rebellion against Henry I in 1101 and the castle, which remained in the royal gift until the later Middle Ages, passed into the hands of the de Aquila family. The most famous siege took place in 1264-65 when the supporters of Henry III, fleeing from their defeat by the Barons at Lewes, took refuge in the castle. In 1372 the castle was given to John of Gaunt, and during his period of office was used to imprison James I, King of Scotland, who had been seized in 1406, and Joan, Queen of Navarre, accused of witchcraft by her stepson, Henry V. By 1300, the sea had gradually begun to recede from around the castle and its military importance declined as a result. Contemporary records show that the castle walls were constantly in need of expensive repair and by the end of the 14th century were not being properly maintained, although the roof leads were kept intact until the middle of the 15th century. By 1500 the castle had ceased to be inhabited and fell rapidly into decay. The threat of the Spanish Armada led to some renewed interest in the defensive value of the site, and a survey of 1587 records that the castle housed two demi-culverins, or heavy guns. These were sited on the contemporary, south east orientated, M-shaped earthen gun emplacement situated in the outer bailey around 90m north east of the main Roman gateway. This takes the form of a raised level platform c.20m long bounded on the seaward side by a slight bank c.0.4m high and around 3m wide. One of the cast iron guns, manufactured in the East Sussex Weald, is now housed within the inner bailey on a modern replica carriage. From the 17th century the castle passed through the hands of various private owners. Valued as a picturesque ruin during the 18th and 19th centuries, it features in many contemporary engravings and illustrations. In 1925 the Duke of Devonshire presented the monument to the state, and extensive repairs began with a view to opening the monument to the public. These were interrupted by the outbreak of World War II, when the castle resumed its original military purpose of protecting the south coast. The castle was refortified in May 1940 as an observation and command post. It was continuously occupied by regular troops, including Canadian forces and the United States Army Air Corps, who used it as a radio direction centre, and by the Home Guard until 1944. The World War II defences include two pillboxes and three machine gun posts of concrete faced with rubble and flints, carefully concealed and camouflaged within the earlier Roman and medieval fabric. An internal tower was built just to the south of the Roman east gateway and a blockhouse housing anti-tank weapons was built in front of the main Roman gateway. The blockhouse no longer survives. Modifications carried out to the medieval mural towers included lining the interiors with brick and inserting wooden floors. In 1945 the monument was returned to peaceful use and is now in the guardianship of the Secretary of State and open to the public.
[Historic England]
The student counts the money amount in each area (all dimes) and labels it with the correct amount. A key is located across the top of the sheet.
I love the rest stops in the U. S. They are plentiful, clean and usually picturesque. This one is at Santiam Oregon which is about eight miles north of Albany. It is almost 11 and we had been on the road for about eight hours. We stopped for breakfast just outside Portland for an hour. The weather has turned beautiful but there is still snow on the ground. In this photo you will see a homeless woman leaning against the wall. When I saw her it really struck me how fortunate I was to be on this holiday. Most people in our crowded world don't get a chance ever to leave the place they are born in. I gave her twenty dollars, wished her a good day and send a silent prayer of thanks. Then I skipped back to the car with a song in my heart!
Monday Morning Star Count - 74/75
On the home stretch! Blogged at www.urbanstitchcraft.com/main/archives/256
Surprise find during the Great Backyard Bird Count!
Our town, suburban East Brunswick NJ, for the first time, led the state in the number of submissions during this year's Great Backyard Bird Count. We submitted 63 checklists, way above our previous best! We placed second (happily and very surprisingly) in the species count with 62. This was a great accomplishment for the town's participants.
For me however, a larger surprise during this event day was seeing an adult Bald Eagle. While we had seen them in town before, primarily at the landfill on past CBCs and Big Day (in May), we had 3 sightings of Bald Eagle within a period of only 2 weeks.
This individual caught me by surprise. I had been scoping Farrington Lake from very close to the border with an adjacent town. There were good numbers of several species of water fowl on this day and I was satisfied that I had tallied all that was there. As I pulled out from the parking area (essentially in a snow bank) and onto the road, I noticed something dark on the ice. I knew it hadn't been there just 30 seconds earlier and I didn't see it approach or land. I thought first of a Turkey Vulture and wondered why it would possibly be on the edge of the ice. There was no traffic coming from either direction so I stopped and grabbed the binoculars. My surprise level soared instantly, and, with the road still clear, I backed up quickly into the same spot in the snow and ran out of the car.
I spent ten minutes at the edge of the road photographing the eagle. It twice took off from that spot at the edge of the ice, circled a few times and returned. That was interesting as there seemed to be no food (fish) on the ice and it didn't seem to have an interest in grabbing any fish near the edge. After taking about 50 shots and feeling that it wasn't going to get any closer than it was (about 200 yards), I left, very content with the encounter. It was a very good day.
Only one regret…that I couldn't move any closer. The photo is very sharp for the distance but still left much to be desired with regard to graininess. There's always next time! Still, enjoy it large and on black.
Rich
Where there used to be a building, there is no more. This is a cause way now, with tables and chairs. Little Rock has changed over the last couple of years.
Counting down the days until I can get back on the trail and run away to the middle of nowhere for the weekend... #myhappyplace #washmyspiritclean #phantomphonevibrations #solobackpacker #pnw
21 Likes on Instagram
Each year, the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary hosts the 'Sanctuary Ocean Count.' This a fun volunteer activity for residents and visitors on the islands of Oahu, Hawaii, and Kauai—and it helps to provide important population and distribution information on humpback whales around the Hawaiian Islands.
Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary
Office of National Marine Sanctuaries
(Original source: NOS Image Gallery)
[Count Egmont and Horen (i.e, Hoorn), Monument, Brussels, Belgium]
[between ca. 1890 and ca. 1900].
1 photomechanical print : photochrom, color.
Notes:
Title from the Detroit Publishing Co., catalogue J, foreign section. Detroit, Mich. : Detroit Publishing Company, c1905.
Print no. "6377".
Forms part of: Views of architecture and other sites in Belgium in the Photochrom print collection.
Format: Photochrom prints--Color--1890-1900.
Rights Info: No known restrictions on reproduction.
Repository: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Part Of: Views of architecture and other sites in Belgium (DLC) 2001696375
Persistent URL: hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsc.05660
Call Number: LOT 13422, no. 047 [item]
My Aunt made this pillow years ago. The fabric used on the back was an article of clothing worn by my Granny. She passed away many, many, many years ago. I was about 13 or so. There are many things I remember about Granny, but the one thing that sticks out the most would be her peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. She would mix the peanut butter and the jelly together in a bowl and then spread that mixture onto the bread. As kids, we were fascinated. How ingenious! I keep this pillow on my bed as a reminder of loved ones no longer with us and as a reminder to appreciate the ones who are still around.
and counting - one egg looks chipped but might just be a byproduct of laying - will check again Monday
I happened upon this sheep drive flowing past me along US Highway 14A through the Bighorn National Forest (where many livestock permits are granted for grazing rights to private individuals and larger operations). Although when I first spotted the activity I it seemed there was no human involved, there were at least five hard-working dogs assuring the sheep kept moving where they were supposed to.
The black sheep were belled.
Painted by "El Greco" and considered his finest work, can be found in the "Parroquia de Santo Tomé" in Toledo (Spain). The painting was ordered by that place and conclude between 1586-1588. Although El Greco was an admired painter in his time, lately his works were somehow not-so-much liked anymore, and was considered a eccentric artist rather than one of the best painters of western culture as he is considered today. This change, inspired by the Romanticism movement, has been developed mostly on the last 150 years.
The picture shows a legend of the burial of Gonzalo Ruiz de Toledo, lord of Orgaz. It is said that during his burial Saint Stephen and Saint Agustine descended to lift him to the heavens. It is believed that the Count of Orgaz died around 1312.
2015 BAY TO BREAKERS RACE !
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Montacute Priory was a Cluniac priory of the Benedictine order.
It was founded between 1078 and 1102 by William, Count of Mortain, in face of a threat that if he did not do so, the King would take the land from him. It was the only Somerset dependency of Cluny Abbey until 1407, when it gained independence from France. It was dissolved in 1539, though there was a short restoration under the Catholic Queen Mary.
At its height in 1262 there were 25 monks. In 1539 there were a Prior and 16 monks.
The current 'Abbey Farmhouse' was built in the 16th century as the gatehouse of the priory and has been designated as a Grade I listed building. After the dissolution of the monasteries the property became a farmhouse, but by 1633 it was 'almost desolate'. By 1782 it was a revitalised farm, remaining part of the Phelips estate until 1918. the only other surviving building is the monk's pigeon cote, however there are extensive earthworks to the south of St Catherine's Church which may be the claustral range, and a fishpond.
More than 230 cadets began the Competitive MIAD tryouts Oct. 25 and the head count dwindled throughout the daylong assessment conducted by the Department of Military Instruction. The physical assessment included a modified Army Physical Fitness Test (pushups, situps, pullups and 2-mile run), a 6.75-mile ruck march, the Indoor Obstacle Course Test and swim test. This was followed by a military assessment which included a kit assessment and military knowledge test. Scores were compiled and the top 192 cadets proceeded to the third phase, a Leadership and Character Assessment consisting of four leaderless command tasks similar to what cadets encounter at the Leader Reaction Course at Camp Buckner. One task required a squad to move into a formation—blindfolded—alphabetically by home states. Others, like the V-Plank and River Crossing were timed obstacles requiring teamwork and problem-solving. Cadets who hoped to enter the Combat Divers Qualification Course or the Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape (SERE) school had a different third phase to complete that was more oriented toward the skills required to pass those courses. In all, there are 77 slots available for cadets to attend 10 different U.S. and foreign military schools.
(Photo by: Staff Sgt. Vito T. Bryant/ USMA Public Affairs)
The seal is attached to the Charter of Kortenberg of September 27, 1312.
With this charter the Duchy of Brabant was the first state in the Low Countries, or perhaps even the first state in Europe, to give the estates the right for participation and to limit the power of the nobility. It is actually one of the first democratic decisions in feudal Europe.
Note that the charter was written in Middle Dutch and not in Latin nor in French.
The charter was signed by duke John II of Brabant (just a month before he died), many Brabantine nobles, knights and cities (Leuven, Brussels, Antwerp, ’s-Hertogenbosch, Tienen and Zoutleeuw), and even the counts of Jülich, Loon and Vianden as the duke’s vassals regarding lands held from him.
Arnold V of Loon (+1328) is depicted in full panoply of an early 14th century knight.
Note the sword being attached to Arnold’s body by a chain, possibly indicating a coat-of-plates worn over the hauberk and under the surcoat. The shield’s guige hangs around the count’s neck. Ailettes are worn on the back (!) of his shoulders. The crest, in the shape of a wyvern, is also worn on the horse’s head. Note the very large mantle falling down from the great helm’s crest. Such mantles were common (at least on seals) during the late 13th and early 14th century.
The coat of arms of Loon, ‘barry of 10 Or and gules’, is depicted on the shield, saddle and caparison of the horse.
The Chiny coat of arms of ‘gules crusily fitchy two barbels addorsed Or’ is also present on a small shield, which can be seen just above the sword.
A portrait of American actor, Kyle Secor (who famously played Det. Tim Bayliss in 'Homicide: Life on the Street'), as Andy Dufresne in 'The Shawshank Redemption' which was at The Assembly Rooms during this year's Edinburgh Fringe.
You can see more pics from the show in my The Shawshank Redemption set.
It's raining... it's pouring.... I stayed in today. Wasn't even able to go for a run unfortunately. A friend of mine suggested that I'd be putting myself at risk by possibly getting sick(er), slipping and falling, or putting myself up for some other disaster that could happen to me while running, with only two days before I leave on a plane to London. No thanks. So instead I took some photos, sorted some Christmas pressies and then took a lovely, mood enhancing nap. I've been taking nyquil (nighttime drowsy cold medicine) to fight off a cold again (third time since I've been working with kids! I've either got a weak immune system, or the soap I use isn't helping! I've been soo incredible hygienic too! ugh!) Anyway, so I've been taking it and then passing out straight away at night having the most vivid dreams. I didn't feel like it wore off this morning either as I did not want to get out of bed for the life of me. So still feeling drowsy after work, I relieved myself with a mid afternoon nap which was absolutely lovely. ;]
I'll only have two hours to get a shot in on Friday before I leave for the airport... so it'll be a simple one I reckon. Tomoz I'm meeting a friend for lunch after work, hopefully running if the weather is good, packing, baking cookies for the kids at work, buying vino presents, packing, visiting with fam and then going to a graduation celebratory drink party. Ahhh! Reckon I should start packing now... I must not over pack... I must not over pack... I must...
Day .7.
I've made it to a week! woot!
Atmosphere – “Saves The Day”
Album: God Loves Ugly
Lyrics: www.sing365.com/music/Lyric.nsf/Saves-the-Day-lyrics-Atmo...
Listen: www.youtube.com/watch?v=kd-JAAE7MPM
From the fifth floor, I schedule my meeting with the moon
Stress, let it go, so it don't completely consume.
When the vegetables fight back, and the grass starts to sting
I yell up to Heaven to get me the hell out of this dream
I fell out of my stream of self-consciousness
And I've got welts on my mind to signify all my accomplishments.
No matter whose math you use to count to ten,
Progress will never rest in the hand that has no head.
Bought my brain a cane and asked it to be my pimp
You know, to make sure I don't stuck up in my fuck-ups
A little over anxious I was to bust nuts,
And find the answers making love, out of a canvas full of touch-ups
I dipped my brush into the what, I've wept for
And wonder out loud as I can, how long I've slept for
I should rob a pet store, let the dogs wild
I should close all the schools just to make the kids smile
Seize the limit, let the sky be the moment
Put the key to the ignition I'ma ride these donuts
And when it breaks, lock the door, walk away
There won't be nothing else to talk about, nothing left to say
You will have to be a math geek to really appreciate this one.
Funny, on the day I made fun of Tara for some fancy words (ennui), I get nerdy with numbers.
Also, this can be considered a tribute to Kevin and Marcelle. Although this is a relatively simple shot, it is SOOC with on camera flash, if I did not know them, I would not have thought to figure out how to do it. Thanks guys!