View allAll Photos Tagged containerization
I photographed quite a bit of TOFC during the late 80's and early 90's for modelling purposes. Good thing I did, since the scene has radically changed to primarily containerized traffic over the past twenty years. A pair of BN trailers take a ride west through Altoona in May 1988.
1108 & 1107 leading 2SK2 empty containerized grain from Minto to Murtoa, passing Hoppers Crossing. 01/12/20
The now defunct Toronto Harbour Commission (THC) began construction of the peninsula in the late 1950s. Its originally foreseen purpose was to provide a breakwater for Toronto's Outer Harbour, which itself was expected to be necessary to handle the increase in shipping on the Great Lakes after the Saint Lawrence Seaway opened in 1959. However, owing to the containerization revolution of the 1960s, the need for an outer harbour never arose, and all cargo ships calling at Toronto still use the Inner Harbour, while the Outer Harbour sees only pleasure boat traffic.
The need for the headland, however, did not disappear. In the 1960s and 1970s, development in Toronto proceeded rapidly, and the Leslie Street Spit was a convenient place to dump the endless supply of rubble and earth generated by all the building projects in the city. (from wikipedia)
Heat distortion helps create a surreal scene reminiscent of the ATSF when containerized cargo made its way up from the ports on the former Harbor Sub.
1108-1107 with 2SK2 empty QUBE containerized grain boxes from Minto (near Sydney) to Marmalake (Murtoa) approaching Tallarook taken on Tuesday 1/12/2020.
Transport or transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles and operations. Transport is important since it enables trade between people, which in turn establishes civilizations.
Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, including roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations) and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance.
Vehicles traveling on these networks may include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, people, helicopters and aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode.
Passenger transport may be public, where operators provide scheduled services, or private. Freight transport has become focused on containerization, although bulk transport is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause air pollution and use large amounts of land. While it is heavily subsidized by governments, good planning of transport is essential to make traffic flow and restrain urban sprawl.
Europe, Spain, Valancia, La Marina de València, Tinglado , Frame
Captured here is the Tinglado 2 warehouse from the previous post, now shot within the edifice, the typical iron/glass architecture is clearly on display and apart from the articulated masonry there is no Art Nouveau decoration on the inside.
The Tinglado warehouses were created during the time of the expanding international (intercontinental) markets at the beginning of the 20th century. Local rice, cereals and wine of the region (La Huerta) needed logistical harbour facilities.
Somewhere in the 80s, due to containerization of freight the warehouses lost their function like in all the major Western harbor towns. And are being renovated now. Their new function wil be recreational and commercial. Valencia has two other ‘Modernista’monuments, the Colon and Central Markets (here) are the others
PortMiami, formally the Dante B. Fascell Port of Miami, is a major seaport located in Biscayne Bay in Miami, Florida. It is the largest passenger port in the world, and one of the largest cargo ports in the United States. It is connected to Downtown Miami by Port Boulevard—a causeway over the Intracoastal Waterway—and to the neighboring Watson Island via the PortMiami Tunnel. The port is located on Dodge Island, which is the combination of three historic islands (Dodge, Lummus and Sam's Islands) that have since been combined into one. It is named in honor of 19 term Florida Congressman Dante Fascell.
As of 2011, PortMiami accounts for 176,000 jobs and has an annual economic impact in Miami of $18 billion.
In the early 1900s, Government Cut was dredged along with a new channel to what now is known as Bicentennial Park in downtown Miami[4]. This new access to the mainland created the Main Channel which greatly improved the shipping access to the new port. From these original dredging spoils which were disposed on the south side of the new Main Channel, new islands were inadvertently created which later became Dodge, Lummus and Sam's Island along with several other smaller islands.
As the port grew through the years as a result of the improved shipping access and growth of the South Florida community, it also needed additional lands to expand its operation. As such, on April 5, 1960 the Dade County Board of Commissioners approved Resolution No. 4830, "Joint Resolution Providing for Construction of Modern Seaport Facilities at Dodge Island Site" which on April 6, 1960 the City of Miami approved the same as City Resolution No. 31837 to construct the new Port of Miami. Soon thereafter, work began on constructing the new port on Dodge Island by expanding the island and joining it other islands in the general vicinity. Then upon construction of the new seawalls, transit shed 'A', the administration building and a new vehicle and railroad bridge, the operations were transferred from the mainland port to the new port on Dodge Island. Thereafter through the years, additional fill material from dredging enlarged the islands of Lummus and Sam's along with the filling of the North, South and NOAO slips, creating the new port which is built on a completely man made island.
PortMiami boasts the title "cruise capital of the world", and is the busiest cruise/passenger port in the world. It accommodates the operations of such major cruise lines as Carnival, Royal Caribbean and Norwegian Cruise Line. It was home of the largest cruise ships in the world until 2009, when Port Everglades became home to Oasis of the Seas and its sister ship, Allure of the Seas. Currently the following ships are based in Miami: Carnival Vista, Carnival Sensation, Carnival Glory, Carnival Victory, Carnival Splendor, Enchantment of the Seas, Empress of the Seas, Navigator of the Seas, Norwegian Getaway, Norwegian Escape, Norwegian Sky, Disney Magic.
In 2018, PortMiami became homeport for five more modern megaliners: Mariner of the Seas, Allure of the Seas, Symphony of the Seas, Carnival Horizon, and Norwegian Bliss.
As the "Cargo Gateway of the Americas", the port primarily handles containerized cargo with small amounts of breakbulk, vehicles and industrial equipment. It is the largest container port in the state of Florida and ninth in the United States. As a world-class port, PortMiami is among an elite group of ports in the world which cater to both cruise ships and containerized cargo.
PortMiami is an important contributor to the local south Florida and state economies. Over four million cruise passengers pass through the Port, 7.4 million tons of cargo and over 1 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) (FY 2004/2005) of intermodal container traffic move through the seaport per year. This combination of cruise and cargo activities supports approximately 176,000 jobs, and has an economic impact in Miami-Dade County of over $17 billion, $14 billion of which is generated by its cargo operations.
The port currently operates eight passenger terminals, six gantry cranes wharves, seven Ro-Ro (Roll-on-Roll-off) docks, four refrigerated yards for containers, break bulk cargo warehouses and nine gantry container handling cranes. In addition, the port tenants operate the cruise and cargo terminals which includes their cargo handling and support equipment.
To retain the port's competitive rank as a world-class port, in 1997 the port undertook a redevelopment program of over $250 million which is well underway to accommodate the changing demands of cruise vessel operators, passengers, shippers and carriers. To further resolve accessibility, the PortMiami Tunnel was constructed in 2010 and completed in 2014, providing direct vehicle access from the port to the interstate highway system via State Road 836, thereby bypassing congestion in downtown Miami.
As part of the massive PortMiami redevelopment program, new ultramodern cruise terminals, roadways and parking garages have been constructed. Additionally, a new gantry crane dock and container storage yards have been constructed along with the electrification of the gantry crane docks to include the conversion of several cranes has been completed. In addition, the Port acquired two state-of-the-art super post-panamax gantry cranes which are amongst the largest in the world; able to load and unload 22 container (8 foot wide each), or nearly 200 foot, wide mega container ships. This, along with the planned Deep Dredge Project, would make it possible for PortMiami to facilitate even the future largest containerships in the world, the Maersk Triple E Class. The new and restructured roadway system with new lighting, landscaping and signage greets visitors to the 'Cruise Capital of the World and Cargo Gateway of the Americas'. The roadways will change again with the completion of the PortMiami Tunnel. And to enhance cargo port accessibility, the newly constructed Security Gates opened at the end of 2006 to increase the processing rate for container trucks and help eliminate the daily traffic backups.
In March 2018, Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings unveiled details on the new NCL-dedicated terminal at PortMiami. The company intends to open it by fall 2019.
In July 2018, MSC Cruises announced its plans to build Terminal AAA for its upcoming World-class cruise ships.[
Credit for the data above is given to the following website:
Princes Pier was constructed between 1912 and 1915 to supplement the adjacent Station Pier in Port Melbourne. It served as a major passenger, cargo and military terminal for much of the twentieth century, in particular the arrival point for new migrants during the post-war period.
As the containerization boom took over, the pier became unused. The poor timber condition led to the pier being closed to the public in the early 1990s.
Between the late 1990s and 2004, the pier encountered many fires outbreaks, which destroyed much of the pier.
Recognising the historic maritime heritage of the pier, in 2007 the Victorian government provided funding to fully restore the pier. In 2011 the pier was reopen back to the public.
The piles of the old pier was preserved for heritage and served as a sculptural centrepiece.
After falling a little short on my last attempt to build a micro freight terminal, I decided to give it another try. This time, I used a smaller scale (1:305 instead of 1:200) and narrowed the scope a little so that I could include all of the details that were missing from the first one.
This diorama is a section of a small, manned freight terminal, designed to handle both containerized and RO-RO cargo. A Panamax class container ship is docked at the quay and is ready to be unloaded. In the staging areas of the terminal are the cargo from a recently unloaded RO-RO ship, including a fleet of new cars and some heavy equipment (including a few ultra-class, 400-ton mining trucks). Yard trucks and reach stackers are busy moving containers around the yard, and there are two fully loaded freight trains on the rail spurs ready to pull out.
PortMiami, formally the Dante B. Fascell Port of Miami, is a major seaport located in Biscayne Bay in Miami, Florida. It is the largest passenger port in the world, and one of the largest cargo ports in the United States. It is connected to Downtown Miami by Port Boulevard—a causeway over the Intracoastal Waterway—and to the neighboring Watson Island via the PortMiami Tunnel. The port is located on Dodge Island, which is the combination of three historic islands (Dodge, Lummus and Sam's Islands) that have since been combined into one. It is named in honor of 19 term Florida Congressman Dante Fascell.
As of 2011, PortMiami accounts for 176,000 jobs and has an annual economic impact in Miami of $18 billion.
In the early 1900s, Government Cut was dredged along with a new channel to what now is known as Bicentennial Park in downtown Miami[4]. This new access to the mainland created the Main Channel which greatly improved the shipping access to the new port. From these original dredging spoils which were disposed on the south side of the new Main Channel, new islands were inadvertently created which later became Dodge, Lummus and Sam's Island along with several other smaller islands.
As the port grew through the years as a result of the improved shipping access and growth of the South Florida community, it also needed additional lands to expand its operation. As such, on April 5, 1960 the Dade County Board of Commissioners approved Resolution No. 4830, "Joint Resolution Providing for Construction of Modern Seaport Facilities at Dodge Island Site" which on April 6, 1960 the City of Miami approved the same as City Resolution No. 31837 to construct the new Port of Miami. Soon thereafter, work began on constructing the new port on Dodge Island by expanding the island and joining it other islands in the general vicinity. Then upon construction of the new seawalls, transit shed 'A', the administration building and a new vehicle and railroad bridge, the operations were transferred from the mainland port to the new port on Dodge Island. Thereafter through the years, additional fill material from dredging enlarged the islands of Lummus and Sam's along with the filling of the North, South and NOAO slips, creating the new port which is built on a completely man made island.
PortMiami boasts the title "cruise capital of the world", and is the busiest cruise/passenger port in the world. It accommodates the operations of such major cruise lines as Carnival, Royal Caribbean and Norwegian Cruise Line. It was home of the largest cruise ships in the world until 2009, when Port Everglades became home to Oasis of the Seas and its sister ship, Allure of the Seas. Currently the following ships are based in Miami: Carnival Vista, Carnival Sensation, Carnival Glory, Carnival Victory, Carnival Splendor, Enchantment of the Seas, Empress of the Seas, Navigator of the Seas, Norwegian Getaway, Norwegian Escape, Norwegian Sky, Disney Magic.
In 2018, PortMiami became homeport for five more modern megaliners: Mariner of the Seas, Allure of the Seas, Symphony of the Seas, Carnival Horizon, and Norwegian Bliss.
As the "Cargo Gateway of the Americas", the port primarily handles containerized cargo with small amounts of breakbulk, vehicles and industrial equipment. It is the largest container port in the state of Florida and ninth in the United States. As a world-class port, PortMiami is among an elite group of ports in the world which cater to both cruise ships and containerized cargo.
PortMiami is an important contributor to the local south Florida and state economies. Over four million cruise passengers pass through the Port, 7.4 million tons of cargo and over 1 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) (FY 2004/2005) of intermodal container traffic move through the seaport per year. This combination of cruise and cargo activities supports approximately 176,000 jobs, and has an economic impact in Miami-Dade County of over $17 billion, $14 billion of which is generated by its cargo operations.
The port currently operates eight passenger terminals, six gantry cranes wharves, seven Ro-Ro (Roll-on-Roll-off) docks, four refrigerated yards for containers, break bulk cargo warehouses and nine gantry container handling cranes. In addition, the port tenants operate the cruise and cargo terminals which includes their cargo handling and support equipment.
To retain the port's competitive rank as a world-class port, in 1997 the port undertook a redevelopment program of over $250 million which is well underway to accommodate the changing demands of cruise vessel operators, passengers, shippers and carriers. To further resolve accessibility, the PortMiami Tunnel was constructed in 2010 and completed in 2014, providing direct vehicle access from the port to the interstate highway system via State Road 836, thereby bypassing congestion in downtown Miami.
As part of the massive PortMiami redevelopment program, new ultramodern cruise terminals, roadways and parking garages have been constructed. Additionally, a new gantry crane dock and container storage yards have been constructed along with the electrification of the gantry crane docks to include the conversion of several cranes has been completed. In addition, the Port acquired two state-of-the-art super post-panamax gantry cranes which are amongst the largest in the world; able to load and unload 22 container (8 foot wide each), or nearly 200 foot, wide mega container ships. This, along with the planned Deep Dredge Project, would make it possible for PortMiami to facilitate even the future largest containerships in the world, the Maersk Triple E Class. The new and restructured roadway system with new lighting, landscaping and signage greets visitors to the 'Cruise Capital of the World and Cargo Gateway of the Americas'. The roadways will change again with the completion of the PortMiami Tunnel. And to enhance cargo port accessibility, the newly constructed Security Gates opened at the end of 2006 to increase the processing rate for container trucks and help eliminate the daily traffic backups.
In March 2018, Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings unveiled details on the new NCL-dedicated terminal at PortMiami. The company intends to open it by fall 2019.
In July 2018, MSC Cruises announced its plans to build Terminal AAA for its upcoming World-class cruise ships.[
Credit for the data above is given to the following website:
A diorama of a small intermodal freight terminal, including a quay with several harbor cranes, a small container ship being eased into place by a pair of harbor tugs, a rail yard with a pair of gantry cranes, a number of road trucks and yard trucks, straddle carriers, reach stackers, and some warehouses and covered storage areas.
The total size of the diorama is roughly 270x200 studs and it contains more than 26,000 parts. I would have included several hundred more containers and a few more vehicles, but I hit the limit of what LDD could support, at least on my PC.
Even if I had been able to include those details, I still would have fallen short of accurately representing a real containerized freight terminal. The largest container ports in the world move over 30 million TEUs per year - that's about 40,000 40-ft containers per day, or about one every two seconds. Even a relatively small port would be capable of handling several thousand containers per day. Given the size limitations, though, I tried to include all of the important details.
I may post some individual close-ups of some of the vehicles and buildings over the next few days.
Anacortes. Blue North & Coastal Standard at Dakota Creek.
Coastal Standard carries palletized frozen product below decks with space for containerized or breakbulk cargo topside. Moving cargo on and off the ship is done by the sideport loading system built by TTS of Bergen, Norway.
The earliest archaeological evidence of human habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC The Yelamu group of the Ohlone people resided in a few small villages when an overland Spanish exploration party, led by Don Gaspar de Portolá, arrived on November 2, 1769, the first documented European visit to San Francisco Bay. The first maritime presence occurred on August 5, 1775, when San Carlos—commanded by Juan Manuel de Ayala—became the first ship to anchor in the bay. The following year, on March 28, 1776, the Spanish established the Presidio of San Francisco, followed by a mission, Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores), established by the Spanish explorer Juan Bautista de Anza.
Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the area became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the mission system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, William Richardson, a naturalized Mexican citizen of English birth, erected the first independent homestead, near a boat anchorage around what is today Portsmouth Square. Together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7, 1846, during the Mexican–American War, and Captain John B. Montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, and Mexico officially ceded the territory to the United States at the end of the war in 1848. Despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography.
Juana Briones de Miranda, considered the "Founding Mother of San Francisco"
The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers (known as "forty-niners", as in "1849"). With their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of great wealth was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons, and hotels; many were left to rot, and some were sunk to establish title to the underwater lot. By 1851, the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870, Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land. Buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings.
California was quickly granted statehood in 1850, and the U.S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate and a fort on Alcatraz Island to secure the San Francisco Bay. Silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, and gambling.
Entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush. Early winners were the banking industry, with the founding of Wells Fargo in 1852 and the Bank of California in 1864. Development of the Port of San Francisco and the establishment in 1869 of overland access to the eastern U.S. rail system via the newly completed Pacific Railroad (the construction of which the city only reluctantly helped support) helped make the Bay Area a center for trade. Catering to the needs and tastes of the growing population, Levi Strauss opened a dry goods business and Domingo Ghirardelli began manufacturing chocolate. Chinese immigrants made the city a polyglot culture, drawn to "Old Gold Mountain", creating the city's Chinatown quarter. In 1870, Asians made up 8% of the population. The first cable cars carried San Franciscans up Clay Street in 1873. The city's sea of Victorian houses began to take shape, and civic leaders campaigned for a spacious public park, resulting in plans for Golden Gate Park. San Franciscans built schools, churches, theaters, and all the hallmarks of civic life. The Presidio developed into the most important American military installation on the Pacific coast. By 1890, San Francisco's population approached 300,000, making it the eighth-largest city in the United States at the time. Around 1901, San Francisco was a major city known for its flamboyant style, stately hotels, ostentatious mansions on Nob Hill, and a thriving arts scene. The first North American plague epidemic was the San Francisco plague of 1900–1904.
At 5:12 am on April 18, 1906, a major earthquake struck San Francisco and northern California. As buildings collapsed from the shaking, ruptured gas lines ignited fires that spread across the city and burned out of control for several days. With water mains out of service, the Presidio Artillery Corps attempted to contain the inferno by dynamiting blocks of buildings to create firebreaks. More than three-quarters of the city lay in ruins, including almost all of the downtown core. Contemporary accounts reported that 498 people lost their lives, though modern estimates put the number in the several thousands. More than half of the city's population of 400,000 was left homeless. Refugees settled temporarily in makeshift tent villages in Golden Gate Park, the Presidio, on the beaches, and elsewhere. Many fled permanently to the East Bay.Rebuilding was rapid and performed on a grand scale. Rejecting calls to completely remake the street grid, San Franciscans opted for speed. Amadeo Giannini's Bank of Italy, later to become Bank of America, provided loans for many of those whose livelihoods had been devastated. The influential San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association or SPUR was founded in 1910 to address the quality of housing after the earthquake. The earthquake hastened development of western neighborhoods that survived the fire, including Pacific Heights, where many of the city's wealthy rebuilt their homes. In turn, the destroyed mansions of Nob Hill became grand hotels. City Hall rose again in splendid Beaux Arts style, and the city celebrated its rebirth at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition in 1915.
During this period, San Francisco built some of its most important infrastructure. Civil Engineer Michael O'Shaughnessy was hired by San Francisco Mayor James Rolph as chief engineer for the city in September 1912 to supervise the construction of the Twin Peaks Reservoir, the Stockton Street Tunnel, the Twin Peaks Tunnel, the San Francisco Municipal Railway, the Auxiliary Water Supply System, and new sewers. San Francisco's streetcar system, of which the J, K, L, M, and N lines survive today, was pushed to completion by O'Shaughnessy between 1915 and 1927. It was the O'Shaughnessy Dam, Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, and Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct that would have the largest effect on San Francisco. An abundant water supply enabled San Francisco to develop into the city it has become today.
The Bay Bridge, shown here under construction in 1935, took forty months to complete.
In ensuing years, the city solidified its standing as a financial capital; in the wake of the 1929 stock market crash, not a single San Francisco-based bank failed. Indeed, it was at the height of the Great Depression that San Francisco undertook two great civil engineering projects, simultaneously constructing the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge and the Golden Gate Bridge, completing them in 1936 and 1937, respectively. It was in this period that the island of Alcatraz, a former military stockade, began its service as a federal maximum security prison, housing notorious inmates such as Al Capone, and Robert Franklin Stroud, the Birdman of Alcatraz. San Francisco later celebrated its regained grandeur with a World's fair, the Golden Gate International Exposition in 1939–40, creating Treasure Island in the middle of the bay to house it.
During World War II, the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard became a hub of activity, and Fort Mason became the primary port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater of Operations. The explosion of jobs drew many people, especially African Americans from the South, to the area. After the end of the war, many military personnel returning from service abroad and civilians who had originally come to work decided to stay. The United Nations Charter creating the United Nations was drafted and signed in San Francisco in 1945 and, in 1951, the Treaty of San Francisco re-established peaceful relations between Japan and the Allied Powers.
Urban planning projects in the 1950s and 1960s involved widespread destruction and redevelopment of west-side neighborhoods and the construction of new freeways, of which only a series of short segments were built before being halted by citizen-led opposition. The onset of containerization made San Francisco's small piers obsolete, and cargo activity moved to the larger Port of Oakland. The city began to lose industrial jobs and turned to tourism as the most important segment of its economy. The suburbs experienced rapid growth, and San Francisco underwent significant demographic change, as large segments of the white population left the city, supplanted by an increasing wave of immigration from Asia and Latin America. From 1950 to 1980, the city lost over 10 percent of its population.
The Transamerica Pyramid was the tallest building in San Francisco until 2016, when Salesforce Tower surpassed it.
Over this period, San Francisco became a magnet for America's counterculture. Beat Generation writers fueled the San Francisco Renaissance and centered on the North Beach neighborhood in the 1950s. Hippies flocked to Haight-Ashbury in the 1960s, reaching a peak with the 1967 Summer of Love. In 1974, the Zebra murders left at least 16 people dead. In the 1970s, the city became a center of the gay rights movement, with the emergence of The Castro as an urban gay village, the election of Harvey Milk to the Board of Supervisors, and his assassination, along with that of Mayor George Moscone, in 1978.
Bank of America completed 555 California Street in 1969 and the Transamerica Pyramid was completed in 1972, igniting a wave of "Manhattanization" that lasted until the late 1980s, a period of extensive high-rise development downtown. The 1980s also saw a dramatic increase in the number of homeless people in the city, an issue that remains today, despite many attempts to address it. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake caused destruction and loss of life throughout the Bay Area. In San Francisco, the quake severely damaged structures in the Marina and South of Market districts and precipitated the demolition of the damaged Embarcadero Freeway and much of the damaged Central Freeway, allowing the city to reclaim The Embarcadero as its historic downtown waterfront and revitalizing the Hayes Valley neighborhood.
The two recent decades have seen booms driven by the internet industry. First was the dot-com boom of the late 1990s, startup companies invigorated the San Francisco economy. Large numbers of entrepreneurs and computer application developers moved into the city, followed by marketing, design, and sales professionals, changing the social landscape as once poorer neighborhoods became increasingly gentrified. Demand for new housing and office space ignited a second wave of high-rise development, this time in the South of Market district. By 2000, the city's population reached new highs, surpassing the previous record set in 1950. When the bubble burst in 2001, many of these companies folded and their employees were laid off. Yet high technology and entrepreneurship remain mainstays of the San Francisco economy. By the mid-2000s (decade), the social media boom had begun, with San Francisco becoming a popular location for tech offices and a common place to live for people employed in Silicon Valley companies such as Apple and Google.
The Ferry Station Post Office Building, Armour & Co. Building, Atherton House, and YMCA Hotel are historic buildings among dozens of historical landmarks in the city according to the National Register of Historic Places listings in San Francisco.
The San Francisco Peninsula
San Francisco is located on the West Coast of the United States at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula and includes significant stretches of the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay within its boundaries. Several picturesque islands—Alcatraz, Treasure Island and the adjacent Yerba Buena Island, and small portions of Alameda Island, Red Rock Island, and Angel Island—are part of the city. Also included are the uninhabited Farallon Islands, 27 miles (43 km) offshore in the Pacific Ocean. The mainland within the city limits roughly forms a "seven-by-seven-mile square", a common local colloquialism referring to the city's shape, though its total area, including water, is nearly 232 square miles (600 km2).
There are more than 50 hills within the city limits. Some neighborhoods are named after the hill on which they are situated, including Nob Hill, Potrero Hill, and Russian Hill. Near the geographic center of the city, southwest of the downtown area, are a series of less densely populated hills. Twin Peaks, a pair of hills forming one of the city's highest points, forms an overlook spot. San Francisco's tallest hill, Mount Davidson, is 928 feet (283 m) high and is capped with a 103-foot (31 m) tall cross built in 1934. Dominating this area is Sutro Tower, a large red and white radio and television transmission tower.
The nearby San Andreas and Hayward Faults are responsible for much earthquake activity, although neither physically passes through the city itself. The San Andreas Fault caused the earthquakes in 1906 and 1989. Minor earthquakes occur on a regular basis. The threat of major earthquakes plays a large role in the city's infrastructure development. The city constructed an auxiliary water supply system and has repeatedly upgraded its building codes, requiring retrofits for older buildings and higher engineering standards for new construction.[88] However, there are still thousands of smaller buildings that remain vulnerable to quake damage. USGS has released the California earthquake forecast which models earthquake occurrence in California.
San Francisco's shoreline has grown beyond its natural limits. Entire neighborhoods such as the Marina, Mission Bay, and Hunters Point, as well as large sections of the Embarcadero, sit on areas of landfill. Treasure Island was constructed from material dredged from the bay as well as material resulting from the excavation of the Yerba Buena Tunnel through Yerba Buena Island during the construction of the Bay Bridge. Such land tends to be unstable during earthquakes. The resulting soil liquefaction causes extensive damage to property built upon it, as was evidenced in the Marina district during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Most of the city's natural watercourses, such as Islais Creek and Mission Creek, have been culverted and built over, although the Public Utilities Commission is studying proposals to daylight or restore some creeks.
Construction of Tower Bridge circa 1880-1914
This is one of the background for this game, and it looks so historically correct I had to try snap it.
London's enclosed docks disappeared between the late 1960s and the early 1980s because they could not handle the larger ships and new technologies of containerization.
Lovely to see this in a game.
PortMiami, formally the Dante B. Fascell Port of Miami, is a major seaport located in Biscayne Bay in Miami, Florida. It is the largest passenger port in the world, and one of the largest cargo ports in the United States. It is connected to Downtown Miami by Port Boulevard—a causeway over the Intracoastal Waterway—and to the neighboring Watson Island via the PortMiami Tunnel. The port is located on Dodge Island, which is the combination of three historic islands (Dodge, Lummus and Sam's Islands) that have since been combined into one. It is named in honor of 19 term Florida Congressman Dante Fascell.
As of 2011, PortMiami accounts for 176,000 jobs and has an annual economic impact in Miami of $18 billion.
In the early 1900s, Government Cut was dredged along with a new channel to what now is known as Bicentennial Park in downtown Miami[4]. This new access to the mainland created the Main Channel which greatly improved the shipping access to the new port. From these original dredging spoils which were disposed on the south side of the new Main Channel, new islands were inadvertently created which later became Dodge, Lummus and Sam's Island along with several other smaller islands.
As the port grew through the years as a result of the improved shipping access and growth of the South Florida community, it also needed additional lands to expand its operation. As such, on April 5, 1960 the Dade County Board of Commissioners approved Resolution No. 4830, "Joint Resolution Providing for Construction of Modern Seaport Facilities at Dodge Island Site" which on April 6, 1960 the City of Miami approved the same as City Resolution No. 31837 to construct the new Port of Miami. Soon thereafter, work began on constructing the new port on Dodge Island by expanding the island and joining it other islands in the general vicinity. Then upon construction of the new seawalls, transit shed 'A', the administration building and a new vehicle and railroad bridge, the operations were transferred from the mainland port to the new port on Dodge Island. Thereafter through the years, additional fill material from dredging enlarged the islands of Lummus and Sam's along with the filling of the North, South and NOAO slips, creating the new port which is built on a completely man made island.
PortMiami boasts the title "cruise capital of the world", and is the busiest cruise/passenger port in the world. It accommodates the operations of such major cruise lines as Carnival, Royal Caribbean and Norwegian Cruise Line. It was home of the largest cruise ships in the world until 2009, when Port Everglades became home to Oasis of the Seas and its sister ship, Allure of the Seas. Currently the following ships are based in Miami: Carnival Vista, Carnival Sensation, Carnival Glory, Carnival Victory, Carnival Splendor, Enchantment of the Seas, Empress of the Seas, Navigator of the Seas, Norwegian Getaway, Norwegian Escape, Norwegian Sky, Disney Magic.
In 2018, PortMiami became homeport for five more modern megaliners: Mariner of the Seas, Allure of the Seas, Symphony of the Seas, Carnival Horizon, and Norwegian Bliss.
As the "Cargo Gateway of the Americas", the port primarily handles containerized cargo with small amounts of breakbulk, vehicles and industrial equipment. It is the largest container port in the state of Florida and ninth in the United States. As a world-class port, PortMiami is among an elite group of ports in the world which cater to both cruise ships and containerized cargo.
PortMiami is an important contributor to the local south Florida and state economies. Over four million cruise passengers pass through the Port, 7.4 million tons of cargo and over 1 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) (FY 2004/2005) of intermodal container traffic move through the seaport per year. This combination of cruise and cargo activities supports approximately 176,000 jobs, and has an economic impact in Miami-Dade County of over $17 billion, $14 billion of which is generated by its cargo operations.
The port currently operates eight passenger terminals, six gantry cranes wharves, seven Ro-Ro (Roll-on-Roll-off) docks, four refrigerated yards for containers, break bulk cargo warehouses and nine gantry container handling cranes. In addition, the port tenants operate the cruise and cargo terminals which includes their cargo handling and support equipment.
To retain the port's competitive rank as a world-class port, in 1997 the port undertook a redevelopment program of over $250 million which is well underway to accommodate the changing demands of cruise vessel operators, passengers, shippers and carriers. To further resolve accessibility, the PortMiami Tunnel was constructed in 2010 and completed in 2014, providing direct vehicle access from the port to the interstate highway system via State Road 836, thereby bypassing congestion in downtown Miami.
As part of the massive PortMiami redevelopment program, new ultramodern cruise terminals, roadways and parking garages have been constructed. Additionally, a new gantry crane dock and container storage yards have been constructed along with the electrification of the gantry crane docks to include the conversion of several cranes has been completed. In addition, the Port acquired two state-of-the-art super post-panamax gantry cranes which are amongst the largest in the world; able to load and unload 22 container (8 foot wide each), or nearly 200 foot, wide mega container ships. This, along with the planned Deep Dredge Project, would make it possible for PortMiami to facilitate even the future largest containerships in the world, the Maersk Triple E Class. The new and restructured roadway system with new lighting, landscaping and signage greets visitors to the 'Cruise Capital of the World and Cargo Gateway of the Americas'. The roadways will change again with the completion of the PortMiami Tunnel. And to enhance cargo port accessibility, the newly constructed Security Gates opened at the end of 2006 to increase the processing rate for container trucks and help eliminate the daily traffic backups.
In March 2018, Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings unveiled details on the new NCL-dedicated terminal at PortMiami. The company intends to open it by fall 2019.
In July 2018, MSC Cruises announced its plans to build Terminal AAA for its upcoming World-class cruise ships.[
Credit for the data above is given to the following website:
XA-VCS - Bombardier (Canadair) CRJ-200ER/SF - Aeronaves T.S.M.
(leased from Frontera Flight Holdings)
at Hamilton International Airport (YHM)
c/n 7341 - built in 1999 for Air Wisconsin (operating for United Express/US Air Express and American Eagle)
converted to freighter by AEI in 2018 -
leased to Aeronaves T.S.M. since 11/2018
The Aeronautical Engineers Inc. AEI CRJ200 SF “Large Cargo Door” Conversion consists of the installation of a 94"x70" cargo door on the left side of the fuselage, installation of a 9G rigid cargo/smoke barrier and modification of the main deck to a Class E cargo compartment. After conversion the aircraft has the capability to carry containerized and or bulk cargo up to 6.7 tonnes.
N353SA - Saab SF-340B/SF - Castle Aviation
at Hamilton International Airport (YHM)
c/n 340B-351 - built in 1993 for Formosa Airlines -
operated in Canada by Calm Air as C-FSPB between 2005 and 2012 -
converted to freighter and leased to Castle 02/2022
Castle's SF-340 are not containerized - loading and unloading has to be done by hand and takes some time.
It's a sunny Friday, May 27, 1988, and the skies have cleared over Corner Brook, Newfoundland.
TerraTransport 929 switches its train of containers on narrow gauge flatcars that have arrived from the east.
TerraTransport 929 and the rest of the railroad's motive power was a fleet of General Motors Division (GMD) NF210 diesel-electric locomotives. Between 1956 and 1960, GMD's plant at London, Ontario built 38 of these three foot six inch (1,067 mm) gauge locomotives for Canadian National Railways' narrow gauge network on the island province of Newfoundland.
The NF210's had a C-C wheel arrangement, with three-axle trucks with all axles powered, and could develop 1,200 horsepower.
When CN spun off its Newfoundland rail and bus operations to TerraTransport around 1980, the fleet of NF210 locomotives – minus two that had been wrecked at Corner Brook in 1966 – passed into TerraTransport's hands.
Containerization on this island operation was seen as a way of eliminating some of the inefficiencies inherent to traffic traveling between Newfoundland and the mainland. Prior to the appearance of the containers, a railcar originating on the island would have its lading transferred from narrow gauge box cars onto the ferry at Port-aux-Basques; upon arrival on the mainland after the seven-hour passage across the Cabot Strait to North Sydney, the lading would again have to be transferred – this time onto a standard gauge boxcar – before it could continue by rail to its destination.
Though TerraTransport's move to containers streamlined the operation, this railway operation like any other located on an island is inherently inefficient. The inherent inefficiency of narrow gauge was evident to this observer: containers on the island were stacked one to a narrow gauge flatcar, while on the mainland the same containers would be packed two-high ("double stacked") on a standard gauge flatcar.
Once highways were improved and extended to all population centers on the island of Newfoundland, the rail operations had little advantage over road transport. Ultimately, time ran out for the railway on Newfoundland. The entire TerraTransport rail operation ended operation in fall 1988, only four months after these pictures were taken.
When the railway shut down, most of the NF210 fleet was sold to overseas buyers. Several of the fleet – including the 929 – wound up in Chile.
Wisps of fog can be seen over the railroad yard and harbor on the dreary afternoon of Thursday, May 26, 1988 as three TerraTransport NF210 narrow gauge diesel engines switch the yard at Corner Brook, Newfoundland.
The 936, 938, and 945's combined 3,600 horsepower jockey a combination of containers on flat cars and pulpwood cars on the railroad's three foot six inch (1,067 mm) gauge track.
The pulpwood cars are likely destined to the giant Bowater paper mill nearby in Corner Brook. Easily the town's biggest industry, the mill was undoubtedly also part of the reason this archaic railway lasted as long as it did.
Containerization on this island operation was seen as a way of eliminating some of the inefficiencies inherent to traffic traveling between Newfoundland and the mainland. Prior to the appearance of the containers, a railcar originating on the island would have its lading transferred from narrow gauge box cars onto the ferry at Port-aux-Basques; upon arrival on the mainland after the seven-hour passage across the Cabot Strait to North Sydney, the lading would again have to be transferred – this time onto a standard gauge boxcar – before it could continue by rail to its destination.
The containers eliminated much of this manpower-intensive and hence costly operation. Subsequently, at Port-aux-Basques, each container would be transferred in one operation from a narrow gauge flatcar onto a standard gauge flatcar, and then shoved onto the ferry (which had standard gauge rails) by a standard gauge locomotive at Port-aux-Basques.
The adoption of containers streamlined the movement of freight to and from the mainland. Though TerraTransport's move to containers reduced the cost of the operation, any rail operation on an island is inherently inefficient because any transfer, even a simplified one at port, is less efficient than a line haul from origin to destination. Furthermore, the inherent inefficiency of narrow gauge was evident to this observer: containers on the island were stacked one to a narrow gauge flatcar, while on the mainland the same containers would be packed two-high ("double stacked") on a standard gauge flatcar.
Once highways were improved and extended to all population centers on the island of Newfoundland, the rail operations had little advantage over road transport. Ultimately, time ran out for the railway on Newfoundland. The entire TerraTransport rail operation ended operation in fall 1988, only four months after these pictures were taken. In subsequent years, the rail was torn out. The three NF210 diesels in this picture were sold to a buyer in Chile.
Following our visit to the 1896 three-masted barque Rickmer Rickers, we fast-forwarded 65 years to the 1961 general cargo ship Cap San Diego, another ship museum at the port of Hamburg.
Even though I'm not an engineer, I've always been fascinated by transportation and logistics, and seeing a cargo ship's engine room, cargo holds, bridge and living quarters was interesting.
xxxx
In December 1961, the Hamburg-Südamerikanische Dampfschifffahrts-Gesellschaft Eggert & Amsinck launched the brand-new general cargo ship cap San Diego. The vessel was built by Deutsche Werft AG right in Hamburg-Finkenwerder.
During its first voyage in 1962. Cap San Diego sailed to Montreal, Baltimore, New York, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Santos, Antwerp, Rotterdam and Bremen before returning to Hamburg, each such round trip takes about 60 days. However, just a few years after its launch, marine bulk cargo transportation, or more specifically, break-bulk cargo transportation, was already rapid moving to the more efficient containerization, and general cargo ships like Cap San Diego were becoming obsolete rapidly.
By 1986, the ship was reaching the end of her useful life and scheduled to be broken up and scrapped. At that point, The Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg decided to buy the Hamburg-built ship and restored her to a floating museum that we see today.
A diorama of a small intermodal freight terminal, including a quay with several harbor cranes, a small container ship being eased into place by a pair of harbor tugs, a rail yard with a pair of gantry cranes, a number of road trucks and yard trucks, straddle carriers, reach stackers, and some warehouses and covered storage areas.
The total size of the diorama is roughly 270x200 studs and it contains more than 26,000 parts. I would have included several hundred more containers and a few more vehicles, but I hit the limit of what LDD could support, at least on my PC.
Even if I had been able to include those details, I still would have fallen short of accurately representing a real containerized freight terminal. The largest container ports in the world move over 30 million TEUs per year - that's about 40,000 40-ft containers per day, or about one every two seconds. Even a relatively small port would be capable of handling several thousand containers per day. Given the size limitations, though, I tried to include all of the important details.
More pictures to come over the next few days.
Stopped in Didcot Station for a driver change. Hauling an extremely long containerized train full of what looks like London's waste.
Running from Northolt Sidings to Severnside Sita depot. Rep. No 669S
This late season chrysalis was formed on 06OCT22. The monarch butterfly may emerge as early as Sunday, 16OCT22 (10 days is within normal range) and I usually release them on the same day they emerge. With three days of cold temperatures (27-55° F.) after the 16th, I'll have to decide whether to release it (and hope it can beat the low probability of survival) or let it live its short life in captivity with the comfortable of containerized tropical milkweed plants and warm indoor temperature. Webster Groves, Missouri.
Racing off the Barwon River bridge, located between Marshall and South Geelong, G524 leads T400 as 9232 empty cement heading for North Geelong yard, this would be the final Boral cement train in Victoria.
This movement occurred as a wagon transfer from the Waurn Ponds loading site to North Geelong yard for storage. The night prior, G524 hauled the final loaded cement train from Waurn Ponds to Somerton. Cement consigned to/from Mildura, usually attached to 9101/9102 Merbein Freights, will now be containerized, bringing an end to the use of the broad gauge cement wagon fleet.
Wednesday 23rd December 2015
After falling a little short on my last attempt to build a micro freight terminal, I decided to give it another try. This time, I used a smaller scale (1:305 instead of 1:200) and narrowed the scope a little so that I could include all of the details that were missing from the first one.
This diorama is a section of a small, manned freight terminal, designed to handle both containerized and RO-RO cargo. A Panamax class container ship is docked at the quay and is ready to be unloaded. In the staging areas of the terminal are the cargo from a recently unloaded RO-RO ship, including a fleet of new cars and some heavy equipment (including a few ultra-class, 400-ton mining trucks). Yard trucks and reach stackers are busy moving containers around the yard, and there are two fully loaded freight trains on the rail spurs ready to pull out.
When I was over on the River Line back on 6/1, little did I realize that that I was going to shoot one of the last runs of this train, Q711. With this train back on NS, no more do dedicated containerized trash trains travel the River Line, as the trash from NYC is now added to the Q439, all part of CSX's plan to make two mile long knuckle / drawbar breaking trains.
After falling a little short on my last attempt to build a micro freight terminal, I decided to give it another try. This time, I used a smaller scale (1:305 instead of 1:200) and narrowed the scope a little so that I could include all of the details that were missing from the first one.
This diorama is a section of a small, manned freight terminal, designed to handle both containerized and RO-RO cargo. A Panamax class container ship is docked at the quay and is ready to be unloaded. In the staging areas of the terminal are the cargo from a recently unloaded RO-RO ship, including a fleet of new cars and some heavy equipment (including a few ultra-class, 400-ton mining trucks). Yard trucks and reach stackers are busy moving containers around the yard, and there are two fully loaded freight trains on the rail spurs ready to pull out.
Damn boxes are everywhere.
BNSF's Pasha Stevedore to California Steel Industries LCAL1911 "Loaded Slab" inches towards the small patch of street running at the 43 Switch as it builds it's train at the Pasha Stevedore on Mormon Island. Once the train is in one piece and air tested the Conductor and Brakeman will meet up with the head-end at Goodwin before they head east for Fontana. The Covered Hoppers belong to Pasha's neighbor US Borax which is also is a shipper with the BNSF (PHL works the facility).
This train as a whole represents a smaller portion of the Port of Los Angeles' operations, with Pasha being the only one out of the four Break-bulk terminals that receive rail service.
The head end of northbound UP freight is on the US side of the border with an American crew on board. They are beginning to make the slow pull through the US Customs and Border Protection R-VACIS equipment. The consist of automobile frames and finished automobiles built in Mexico is indicative of a lot of the non-containerized northbound traffic. The bottleneck that the cross border rail traffic causes in Laredo is amazing to watch. When I was in the area there were grade crossings on the UP side that were continuously blocked by trains waiting to go to Mexico for the entire day. On the KCS side there were crossings blocked for as long as 2.5 hours. The KCS mainline turns to the east with 17 grade crossings in a row as it cuts across downtown. Trains that get delayed at the border basically split the city in half.
Laredo, Texas
November 17, 2017
After falling a little short on my last attempt to build a micro freight terminal, I decided to give it another try. This time, I used a smaller scale (1:305 instead of 1:200) and narrowed the scope a little so that I could include all of the details that were missing from the first one.
This diorama is a section of a small, manned freight terminal, designed to handle both containerized and RO-RO cargo. A Panamax class container ship is docked at the quay and is ready to be unloaded. In the staging areas of the terminal are the cargo from a recently unloaded RO-RO ship, including a fleet of new cars and some heavy equipment (including a few ultra-class, 400-ton mining trucks). Yard trucks and reach stackers are busy moving containers around the yard, and there are two fully loaded freight trains on the rail spurs ready to pull out.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busan_Tower
Busan Tower is a 120-metre-high tower at Yongdusan Park, located in Jung-gu, Busan, South Korea.
Busan Tower was built in 1973. It's only used for entertainment purposes and doesn't have any transmitting equipment which sets the tower apart from many other towers with observation decks primarily built as TV- and radio towers. The deck features panoramic view and a small cafe, it's only accessible during working hours via two high-speed elevators. The base of the tower is interconnected with a few galleries and souvenir shops. The tower is usually mentioned in tourist guides as a good place to get a view of the city's port.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Busan
The Port of Busan (Hangul: 부산항; Hanja: 釜山港) is the largest port in South Korea, located in the city of Busan, South Korea. The Port of Busan was established in 1876 as a small port with strict trading between Korea, China and Japan. It is situated at the mouth of the Nakdong River (Hangul: 낙동강) facing the Tsushima Island of Japan. During the Korean War (1950-1953), Busan was among the few places North Korea did not invade, causing war refugees to flee to the city of Busan. At that time Busan’s port was crucial to receive war materials and aid, such as fabrics and processed foods to keep the economy stable. In the 1970s, a rise in the footwear and veneer industries caused factory workers to migrate to Busan, bringing Busan’s population from 1.8 million to 3 million.
The Port of Busan continued to grow and by 2003 the port was the fourth largest container port in the world. South Korea accounted for 0.7% of global trade in 1970, but by 2003 it went up to 2.5%. 50% of the Busan’s manufacturing jobs are related to exports, and 83% of the country’s exports are containerized, making Busan the country’s largest container and general cargo port. Compared to the Port of Busan, Inchon port handles only 7% of containers. Easy access to the Port of Busan between Japan, Singapore, and Hong Kong contribute to its vast growth.
Currently the Port of Busan is the fifth busiest container port in the world and the tenth busiest port in North-east Asia. It is developed, managed, and operated by the Busan Port Authority (BPA) established in 2004. Today the Port of Busan consists of four ports- North Port, South Port, Gamcheon Port, and Dadaepo Port, an International Passenger Terminal and the Gamman container terminal. The North Port provides passenger handling facilities and cargo, and with Gamcheon Port’s help more cargo volumes can be handled (Ship Technology). The South Port is home to the Busan Cooperative Fish Market which is the largest fishing base in Korea, and it handles 30% of the total marine volume. The Dadaepo Port located west of the Busan Port, mainly handles coastal catches.
In 2007 the Busan Port handled cargo containing fertilizers, meat, scrap metal, petroleum and other gases, crude petroleum, coal, leather, fats and oils, iron ore, rough wood, natural sand, milling industry products, and sugar. In 2016, South Korea exported a total of $515B and imported $398B. Top exports of South Korea are integrated circuits, cars, refined petroleum, passenger and cargo ships, and vehicle parts. South Korea exports the most to China, the United States, Vietnam, Hong Kong, and Japan. Imports to South Korea mainly come from China, Japan, the United States, Germany, and other Asian countries. In 2017 Busan processed more than 20 million TEUS, twenty-foot equivalents (a measure used to estimate the compacity of container ships).
Its location is known as Busan Harbor.
It's a sunny Friday, May 27, 1988, and the skies have cleared over Corner Brook, Newfoundland.
TerraTransport 929 switches its train of containers on narrow gauge flatcars that have arrived from the east.
TerraTransport 929 and the rest of the railroad's motive power was a fleet of General Motors Division (GMD) NF210 diesel-electric locomotives. Between 1956 and 1960, GMD's plant at London, Ontario built 38 of these three foot six inch (1,067 mm) gauge locomotives for Canadian National Railways' narrow gauge network on the island province of Newfoundland.
The NF210's had a C-C wheel arrangement, with three-axle trucks with all axles powered, and could develop 1,200 horsepower.
When CN spun off its Newfoundland rail and bus operations to TerraTransport around 1980, the fleet of NF210 locomotives – minus two that had been wrecked at Corner Brook in 1966 – passed into TerraTransport's hands.
Containerization on this island operation was seen as a way of eliminating some of the inefficiencies inherent to traffic traveling between Newfoundland and the mainland. Prior to the appearance of the containers, a railcar originating on the island would have its lading transferred from narrow gauge box cars onto the ferry at Port-aux-Basques; upon arrival on the mainland after the seven-hour passage across the Cabot Strait to North Sydney, the lading would again have to be transferred – this time onto a standard gauge boxcar – before it could continue by rail to its destination.
Though TerraTransport's move to containers streamlined the operation, this railway operation like any other located on an island is inherently inefficient. The inherent inefficiency of narrow gauge was evident to this observer: containers on the island were stacked one to a narrow gauge flatcar, while on the mainland the same containers would be packed two-high ("double stacked") on a standard gauge flatcar.
Once highways were improved and extended to all population centers on the island of Newfoundland, the rail operations had little advantage over road transport. Ultimately, time ran out for the railway on Newfoundland. The entire TerraTransport rail operation ended operation in fall 1988, only four months after these pictures were taken. In subsequent years, the rail was torn out.
When the railway shut down, most of the NF210 fleet was sold to overseas buyers. Several of the fleet – including the 929 – wound up in Chile.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busan_Tower
Busan Tower is a 120-metre-high tower at Yongdusan Park, located in Jung-gu, Busan, South Korea.
Busan Tower was built in 1973. It's only used for entertainment purposes and doesn't have any transmitting equipment which sets the tower apart from many other towers with observation decks primarily built as TV- and radio towers. The deck features panoramic view and a small cafe, it's only accessible during working hours via two high-speed elevators. The base of the tower is interconnected with a few galleries and souvenir shops. The tower is usually mentioned in tourist guides as a good place to get a view of the city's port.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Busan
The Port of Busan (Hangul: 부산항; Hanja: 釜山港) is the largest port in South Korea, located in the city of Busan, South Korea. The Port of Busan was established in 1876 as a small port with strict trading between Korea, China and Japan. It is situated at the mouth of the Nakdong River (Hangul: 낙동강) facing the Tsushima Island of Japan. During the Korean War (1950-1953), Busan was among the few places North Korea did not invade, causing war refugees to flee to the city of Busan. At that time Busan’s port was crucial to receive war materials and aid, such as fabrics and processed foods to keep the economy stable. In the 1970s, a rise in the footwear and veneer industries caused factory workers to migrate to Busan, bringing Busan’s population from 1.8 million to 3 million.
The Port of Busan continued to grow and by 2003 the port was the fourth largest container port in the world. South Korea accounted for 0.7% of global trade in 1970, but by 2003 it went up to 2.5%. 50% of the Busan’s manufacturing jobs are related to exports, and 83% of the country’s exports are containerized, making Busan the country’s largest container and general cargo port. Compared to the Port of Busan, Inchon port handles only 7% of containers. Easy access to the Port of Busan between Japan, Singapore, and Hong Kong contribute to its vast growth.
Currently the Port of Busan is the fifth busiest container port in the world and the tenth busiest port in North-east Asia. It is developed, managed, and operated by the Busan Port Authority (BPA) established in 2004. Today the Port of Busan consists of four ports- North Port, South Port, Gamcheon Port, and Dadaepo Port, an International Passenger Terminal and the Gamman container terminal. The North Port provides passenger handling facilities and cargo, and with Gamcheon Port’s help more cargo volumes can be handled (Ship Technology). The South Port is home to the Busan Cooperative Fish Market which is the largest fishing base in Korea, and it handles 30% of the total marine volume. The Dadaepo Port located west of the Busan Port, mainly handles coastal catches.
In 2007 the Busan Port handled cargo containing fertilizers, meat, scrap metal, petroleum and other gases, crude petroleum, coal, leather, fats and oils, iron ore, rough wood, natural sand, milling industry products, and sugar. In 2016, South Korea exported a total of $515B and imported $398B. Top exports of South Korea are integrated circuits, cars, refined petroleum, passenger and cargo ships, and vehicle parts. South Korea exports the most to China, the United States, Vietnam, Hong Kong, and Japan. Imports to South Korea mainly come from China, Japan, the United States, Germany, and other Asian countries. In 2017 Busan processed more than 20 million TEUS, twenty-foot equivalents (a measure used to estimate the compacity of container ships).
Its location is known as Busan Harbor.
The Port of Miami styled as "PortMiami" but formally the Dante B. Fascell Port of Miami, is a major seaport located in Biscayne Bay at the mouth of the Miami River in Miami, Florida. It is the largest passenger port in the world, and one of the largest cargo ports in the United States. It is connected to Downtown Miami by Port Boulevard—a causeway over the Intracoastal Waterway—and to the neighboring Watson Island via the PortMiami Tunnel.
The port is located on Dodge Island, which is the combination of three historic islands (Dodge, Lummus, and Sam's Islands) that have since been combined into one. It is named in honor of 19 terms Florida Congressman Dante Fascell.
As of 2018, PortMiami accounts for approximately 334,500 jobs and has an annual economic impact of $43 billion to the state of Florida.
In the early 1900s, Government Cut was dredged along with a new channel to what now is known as Bicentennial Park in downtown Miami. This new access to the mainland created the Main Channel which greatly improved the shipping access to the new port. From these original dredging spoils which were disposed of on the south side of the new Main Channel, new islands were inadvertently created which later became Dodge, Lummus, and Sam's Island along with several other smaller islands.
PortMiami's improved shipping access and growth of the South Florida community led to an expansion of the port. On April 5, 1960, Resolution No. 4830, "Joint Resolution Providing for Construction of Modern Seaport Facilities at Dodge Island Site" was approved by the Dade County Board of Commissioners. On April 6, 1960, the City of Miami approved City Resolution No. 31837 to construct the new port. The new port on Dodge Island required expansion of the island by joining it together with the surrounding islands. After the seawalls, administrative buildings, and a vehicle and railroad bridge were completed, Port of Miami operations was moved to the new Dodge Island port. Additional fill material enlarged the connected Lummus and Sam's islands as well as the North, South, and NOAO slips, creating a completely man-made island for PortMiami.
In 1993, the first dredge of PortMiami occurred, deepening it to 42 feet. In 2006, a $40 million project to expand the South Harbor finished. In 2011, a project to reconnect PortMiami to the mainland via railroad began. In 2013, a dredging project began to deepen the harbors around PortMiami from 44 to 52 feet. In April 2019, the Miami-Dade Tourism and Ports Committee approved a deal for Royal Caribbean Cruises to build a new office and parking garage on Dodge Island.
PortMiami is an important contributor to local south Florida and state economies. As a world-class port, PortMiami is among an elite group of ports in the world that cater to both cruise ships and containerized cargo.
PortMiami boasts the title "cruise capital of the world", and is the busiest cruise/passenger port in the world. It accommodates the operations of major cruise lines such as Carnival, Royal Caribbean, Norwegian, Disney, and MSC, among others. Over 5.5 million cruise passengers pass through the port each year (FY2018/2019).
The largest cruise ship in the world by gross tonnage, the Symphony of the Seas, is currently homeported at PortMiami. As of October 2019, the following cruise ships are homeported at PortMiami: Carnival Conquest, Carnival Horizon, Carnival Sensation, Carnival Victory, Empress of the Seas, Navigator of the Seas, Symphony of the Seas, Norwegian Breakaway, Norwegian Sky, MSC Armonia, and MSC Seaside.
As of October 2019, there are currently seven actively operating passenger cruise terminals at PortMiami: A, C, D, E, F, G, and J. One facility that is purpose-built for a specific company is currently in use, with four more of these types of facilities in their planning or construction stages.
Credit for the data above is given to the following website:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PortMiami
© All Rights Reserved - you may not use this image in any form without my prior permission.
Guemes Channel. Curtis Wharf.
Built in Anacortes, Washington by Dakota Creek Industries, delivered to Coastal Transportation In Feb. 2016.
Coastal Standard carries palletized frozen product below decks with space for containerized or breakbulk cargo topside. Moving cargo on and off the ship is done by the sideport loading system built by TTS of Bergen, Norway.
It's the dreary afternoon of Thursday, May 26, 1988 while three TerraTransport NF210 narrow gauge diesel engines switch the yard at Corner Brook, Newfoundland under overcast skies.
The 936, 938, and 945's combined 3,600 horsepower jockey a combination of containers on flat cars and pulpwood cars on the railroad's three foot six inch (1,067 mm) gauge track.
The pulpwood cars are likely destined to the giant Bowater paper mill nearby in Corner Brook. Easily the town's biggest industry, the mill was undoubtedly also part of the reason this archaic railway lasted as long as it did.
Containerization on this island operation was seen as a way of eliminating some of the inefficiencies inherent to traffic traveling between Newfoundland and the mainland. Prior to the appearance of the containers, a railcar originating on the island would have its lading transferred from narrow gauge box cars onto the ferry at Port-aux-Basques; upon arrival on the mainland after the seven-hour passage across the Cabot Strait to North Sydney, the lading would again have to be transferred – this time onto a standard gauge boxcar – before it could continue by rail to its destination.
The containers eliminated much of this manpower-intensive and hence costly operation. Subsequently, at Port-aux-Basques, each container would be transferred in one operation from a narrow gauge flatcar onto a standard gauge flatcar, and then shoved onto the ferry (which had standard gauge rails) by a standard gauge locomotive at Port-aux-Basques.
The adoption of containers streamlined the movement of freight to and from the mainland. Though TerraTransport's move to containers reduced the cost of the operation, any rail operation on an island is inherently inefficient because any transfer, even a simplified one at port, is less efficient than a line haul from origin to destination. Furthermore, the inherent inefficiency of narrow gauge was evident to this observer: containers on the island were stacked one to a narrow gauge flatcar, while on the mainland the same containers would be packed two-high ("double stacked") on a standard gauge flatcar.
Once highways were improved and extended to all population centers on the island of Newfoundland, the rail operations had little advantage over road transport. Ultimately, time ran out for the railway on Newfoundland. The entire TerraTransport rail operation ended operation in fall 1988, only four months after these pictures were taken. In subsequent years, the rail was torn out. The three NF210 diesels in this picture were sold to a buyer in Chile.
Having suffered earlier failures to both C class at Singleton, C504 and C507 drift down the hill under Hermitage Rd with 8448 containerized grain to Newcastle, with HL203 and 1107 banking from the rear.
A very clean Class 37.710 heads a train of ex works 'Cawoods' containers on route to Coedbach Washery from Seaforth. The hoppers were used for the transportation of containerized coal from South Wales to Seaforth Docks near Birkenhead
ORIGINAL SLIDE TAKEN WITH A CANON A1 CAMERA
The Panama Canal Railway was pulling cars mostly laden with Maersk Line containers.
In 2103 there was much media attention to an announcement that Maersk would stop using the Panama Canal and transfer their shipping to the Suez Canal as a cost saving plan. Subsequently they have not cancelled all Panama traffic but it looks like they are using the railroad to lessen the transit cost (oops, assuming too much, like is the railway cheaper?).
11 MARCH 2013 - BLOOMBERG
(Maersk Line, the world’s biggest container shipping company, will stop plying through the Panama Canal to move goods from Asia to the U.S. east coast as bigger ships help the company move it profitably through Suez Canal.
Maersk Line will send vessels through Suez Canal that can carry as many as 9,000 20-foot boxes at a time, instead of using two 4,500-box-vessels through Panama Canal, Soeren Skou, chief executive officer of Maersk Line, said in Singapore today. The last sailing through Panama will be on April 7 and the first service through Suez will be a week later, the company said in an e-mail statement.
“The economics are much, much better via the Suez Canal simply because you have half the number of ships,” Skou said. “One of the reasons for why this is happening now is that the cost for passing through the Panama Canal has gone up. At the end of the day, it comes down to cost.”
Shipping lines, including Maersk Line and Neptune Orient Lines Ltd., have cut costs, reduced speed of their fleet and sold some vessels to contend with freight rates that are below break-even levels. Maersk Line, based in Copenhagen, has said pressure on charges will remain this year.
Fees for ships to go through the Panama Canal have tripled in the past five years to $450,000 per passage for a vessel carrying 4,500 containers, Skou said. The distance from China to the U.S. east coast via the Suez Canal is about 4 percent to 5 percent more, he said.
A $5.25 billion expansion of Panama Canal, the waterway handling 5 percent of global trade, will open by June 2015, six months later than originally planned. The canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and is used by as many as 14,000 vessels a year.
Whether Maersk will use the Panama Canal after the expansion will depend on the economics, Skou said.
Kyunghee Park, Copyright 2013 Bloomberg.
22 APRIL 2013 - BUSINESS INSIGHT IN LATIN AMERICA
"Maersk not abandoning Panama, but shifting Asia-US east coast trades to Suez"
While global shipping line Maersk is reducing its transits through the Panama Canal, it is not altogether abandoning the route, Ariel Frias, marketing and communications manager for Maersk Central America and Caribbean told BNamericas.
"This is a shift in one route on the basis of achieving economies of scale. It doesn't mean that Maersk is abandoning Panama," said Frias.
At the beginning of April, Maersk stopped sending Asia-US east coast cargo through the Panama Canal, opting instead to use the Suez Canal.
The reason for the switch is "very basic," according to Frias. Maersk can deploy vessels of up to 9,000TEUS along the Suez Canal while the maximum capacity along the Panama Canal is 5000TEUS. As a result, the unit cost to use the Suez Canal is much lower and "this creates significant economies of scale," said Frias.
There are many other Maersk services that will continue to be served through the Panama Canal, such as the Oceania service that supplies the Oceania-US east coast route as well as exports from South and Central America to northern Europe and the Mediterranean.
In real terms, the switch for the Asia-US east coast route will mean just a 14% decrease in annual Maersk transits across the Panama Canal, said the manager.
In 2012, Maersk carried out 533 transits through the Panama Canal, approximately 15% of total containerized trade through the canal.
Maersk also accounted for roughly 15% of the canal's total US$960mn revenue for the container segment in 2012, according to the manager.
Switching the TP7 vessels (that serve the Asia-US east coast route) to the Suez Canal will mean a drop of just two transits per week (of a current total of 10 or 11) through the Panama Canal.
Frias confirmed that Maersk would reassess the route switch once the expanded Panama Canal is operational by June 2015.
NOTE: This date will not be met and opening is slated now early to mid 2016. Hmmmmmm!!
"The Suez route is 4%-7% longer than the Panama Canal route and so, all things equal, if you can deploy the same vessel size on both routes, the shorter distance through Panama will make it a more attractive option."
Fees to pass through the Panama Canal have tripled in the last five years and while Frias confirmed that it "is an important factor in our cost analysis,* the most important reason behind Maersk's switch to the Suez Canal is "the lower unit cost."
"We will sail the Suez with 9,000 TEUS until we have a similar alternative with Panama," concluded Frias.
05 JULY 2104 - SHIPWATCH
"The Panama Canal: Maersk Line will return"
Maersk Line will return to the Panama Canal, partly due to demands from major American customers, says the Canal administration of the important route in an exclusive interview with ShippingWatch.
It's a sunny Friday, May 27, 1988, and the skies have cleared over Corner Brook, Newfoundland.
TerraTransport 929 switches its train of containers on narrow gauge flatcars that have arrived from the east.
TerraTransport 929 and the rest of the railroad's motive power was a fleet of General Motors Division (GMD) NF210 diesel-electric locomotives. Between 1956 and 1960, GMD's plant at London, Ontario built 38 of these three foot six inch (1,067 mm) gauge locomotives for Canadian National Railways' narrow gauge network on the island province of Newfoundland.
The NF210's had a C-C wheel arrangement, with three-axle trucks with all axles powered, and could develop 1,200 horsepower.
When CN spun off its Newfoundland rail and bus operations to TerraTransport around 1980, the fleet of NF210 locomotives – minus two that had been wrecked at Corner Brook in 1966 – passed into TerraTransport's hands.
It's a sunny Friday, May 27, 1988, and the skies have cleared over Corner Brook, Newfoundland.
TerraTransport 929 switches its train of containers on narrow gauge flatcars that have arrived from the east.
TerraTransport 929 and the rest of the railroad's motive power was a fleet of General Motors Division (GMD) NF210 diesel-electric locomotives. Between 1956 and 1960, GMD's plant at London, Ontario built 38 of these three foot six inch (1,067 mm) gauge locomotives for Canadian National Railways' narrow gauge network on the island province of Newfoundland.
The NF210's had a C-C wheel arrangement, with three-axle trucks with all axles powered, and could develop 1,200 horsepower.
When CN spun off its Newfoundland rail and bus operations to TerraTransport around 1980, the fleet of NF210 locomotives – minus two that had been wrecked at Corner Brook in 1966 – passed into TerraTransport's hands.
Containerization on this island operation was seen as a way of eliminating some of the inefficiencies inherent to traffic traveling between Newfoundland and the mainland. Prior to the appearance of the containers, a railcar originating on the island would have its lading transferred from narrow gauge box cars onto the ferry at Port-aux-Basques; upon arrival on the mainland after the seven-hour passage across the Cabot Strait to North Sydney, the lading would again have to be transferred – this time onto a standard gauge boxcar – before it could continue by rail to its destination.
Though TerraTransport's move to containers streamlined the operation, this railway operation like any other located on an island is inherently inefficient. The inherent inefficiency of narrow gauge was evident to this observer: containers on the island were stacked one to a narrow gauge flatcar, while on the mainland the same containers would be packed two-high ("double stacked") on a standard gauge flatcar.
Once highways were improved and extended to all population centers on the island of Newfoundland, the rail operations had little advantage over road transport. Ultimately, time ran out for the railway on Newfoundland. The entire TerraTransport rail operation ended operation in fall 1988, only four months after these pictures were taken. In subsequent years, the rail was torn out.
When the railway shut down, most of the NF210 fleet was sold to overseas buyers. Several of the fleet – including the 929 – wound up in Chile.
A diorama of a small intermodal freight terminal, including a quay with several harbor cranes, a small container ship being eased into place by a pair of harbor tugs, a rail yard with a pair of gantry cranes, a number of road trucks and yard trucks, straddle carriers, reach stackers, and some warehouses and covered storage areas.
The total size of the diorama is roughly 270x200 studs and it contains more than 26,000 parts. I would have included several hundred more containers and a few more vehicles, but I hit the limit of what LDD could support, at least on my PC.
Even if I had been able to include those details, I still would have fallen short of accurately representing a real containerized freight terminal. The largest container ports in the world move over 30 million TEUs per year - that's about 40,000 40-ft containers per day, or about one every two seconds. Even a relatively small port would be capable of handling several thousand containers per day. Given the size limitations, though, I tried to include all of the important details.
I'll post pictures with different points of view and some close-ups over the next few days.
On Madison Avenue, on a Sunday morning.
As seen in "Gothamist,": gothamist.com/news/early-addition-containerized-trash-but...