Coventry Transport Museum opened in 1980, after it became clear that the road transport collection was outgrowing the space it occupied in the Herbert Art Gallery & Museum. The Museum’s current collection of vehicles is acknowledged as being one of the finest in the world, and the largest in public ownership.

The Museum’s collection consists of motor cars, commercial vehicles, cycles and motorcycles. In addition, extensive collections of automobilia, books, photographs and a wealth of other archive material is held and conserved at the Coventry History Centre at the Herbert Art Gallery & Museum.

Ford Model Y 1936

The balustrade of the palace has been remodeled, conserving the murals by Diego Rivera that adorn the main stairwell and the walls of the second floor.

In the stairwell is a mural depicting the history of Mexico from 1521 to 1930 and covers an area of 450 m2. These murals were painted between 1929 and 1935, jointly titled "The Epic of the Mexican People". The work is divided like a triptych with each being somewhat autonomous. The right-hand wall contains murals depicting pre-Hispanic Mexico and centers around the life of the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl.

In the middle and largest panel, the Conquest is depicted with its ugliness, such as rape and torture, as well as priests defending the rights of the indigenous people. The battle for independence occupies the uppermost part of this panel in the arch. The American and French invasions are represented below this, as well as the Reform period and the Revolution.

The left-hand panel is dedicated to early and mid-20th century, criticizing the status quo and depicting a Marxist kind of utopia.

Diego also painted 11 panels on the middle floor, such as the "Tianguis of Tlatelolco" (tianguis means "market"), and the "Arrival of Hernán Cortés in Veracruz".

My page about Mexico City on VirtualTourist: members.virtualtourist.com/m/a8215/e9cb4/

My playlist about Mexico City on my Youtube channel containing 18 videos

www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWI-hjqRF24&list=SPD1C71F63FD...

5 min 01 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWI-hjqRF24 Moscow-Paris-Mexico City flight with Adelita HD

3 min 39 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifVqW7GLGqM Mexico City around by bus part 1

4 min 02 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjE2Ee6T2Po Mexico City around by bus part 2

2 min 48 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=vY3jqm38UGs Mexico City Melia Reforma Hotel part 1

4 min 25 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QNq1trJTsM Mexico City around by bus part 3

3 min 02 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDRH8YohP2A Mexico City Melia Reforma Hotel part 2

2 min 41 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-AQXc9KCOI Mexico City around part 4

5 min 29 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ln5fyBSB3fI Mexico City National Palace Diego Rivera part 1

2 min 14 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ais3bJg_EXw Mexico City National Palace part 2

3 min 25 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaF46jNGj3E Mexico City Metropolitan

5 min 18 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gD1z9vRvjM Mexico City around part 5

1 min 24 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=rThp9iYybzk Mexico City Metropolitan Tabernacle

2 min 42 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMAKdiKiI50 Mexico City around part 6

9 min 57 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-K8qaKm3MU Mexico City Anthropology Museum

5 min 16 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JuLRtFlOT4 Mexico City Melia Reforma Hotel part 3

0 min 49 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zbAKjBSFT4 Mexico City Templo Mayor

10 min 51 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULchjze3-38 Mexico City around part 7

8 min 57 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gb__3VmpRrE Mexico City around part 8.

Roberto Burle Marx (August 4, 1909, São Paulo – June 4, 1994, Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazilian landscape architect (as well as a painter, print maker, ecologist, naturalist, artist and musician) whose designs of parks and gardens made him world famous. He is accredited with having introduced modernist landscape architecture to Brazil. He was known as a modern nature artist and a public urban space designer.

Roberto Burle Marx's father was an emigrant from the city Trier in Germany. His mother was raised from an upper class family in Brazil. Burle Marx's first landscaping inspirations came while studying painting in Germany, where he often visited the Dahlem Botanical Gardens and first learned about Brazil's native flora. Upon returning to Brazil in 1930, he began collecting plants in and around his home. He went to school at the National School of Fine Arts in Rio in 1930 where he focused on visual arts under Leo Putz and Candido Portinari. While in school he associated with several of Brazil’s future leaders in architecture and botanists who continued to be of significant influence in his personal and professional life. One of these was his professor, Brazilian Modernism’s Lucio Costa, the architect and planner who lived down the street from Burle. In 1932, Burle Marx designed his first landscape for a private residence by the architects Lucio Costa and Gregori Warchavchik. This project, the Schwartz house was the beginning of a collaboration with Costa which was enriched later by Oscar Niemeyer who designed the Brazilian Pavilion at the New York World’s Fair in 1939. Niemeyer also designed the Pampulha complex in 1942 which Marx designed gardens for.

In 1949 he acquired the 365,000m² estate Barra de Guaratiba (just outside of Rio de Janeiro). Burle Marx began taking expeditions into the Brazilian rain forest with botanists, landscape architects, architects and other researchers to gather plant specimens. He learned to practice studying plants in situ from the botanist Henrique Lahmeyer de Mello Barreto and established his garden, nursery and tropical plant collection at Guaratiba. This property was donated to the Brazilian government in 1985 and became a national monument. Now called Sítio Roberto Burle Marx, under the direction of IPHAN-Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional / Ministério da Cultura, it houses over 3,500 species of plants. The house was rebuilt in a valley on the site of a garden house belonging to the original plantation estate.

Roberto Burle Marx founded a landscape studio in 1955 and in the same year he founded a landscape company, called Burle Marx & Cia. Ltda.

Much of his work has a sense of timelessnes and perfection. His aesthetics were often nature based, for example, never mixing flower colours, utilisation of big groups of the same specimen, using native plants and making a rocky field into a relaxing garden. He was very interested in each plant's character and what effect that has on the whole garden. He opened an office in Caracas, Venezuela in 1956 and started working with architects Jose Tabacow and Haruyoshi Ono in 1968. Marx worked on commissions thorough out Brazil, Argentina, in Chile and many other South American countries, France, South Africa, Washington D.C. and Los Angeles. Additionally his artwork can be found displayed throughout the city of Rio de Janeiro “it is an open-air museum of works displaying his unmistakable style, one wholly his own” (Montero 2001 p. 29). Roberto Burle Marx’s 62 year career ended when he died June 4, 1994 two months before his 85th birthday.

He spent a lot of time in the Brazilian forests where he was able to study and explore. This enabled him to add significantly to the botanical sciences, by discovering new rocks and plants for example. At least 30 plants bear his name. Marx was also involved in efforts to protect and conserve the rain forest from the destructive commercial activities of deforestation for bananas and other crops and clear cutting of timber.

Marx’s work “can be summarized in four general design concepts—the use of native tropical vegetation as a structural element of design, the rupture of symmetrical patterns in the conception of open spaces, the colorful treatment of pavements, and the use of free forms in water features” (Vaccarino 2000, p. 17). This approach is exemplified by the Copacabana Beach promenade, where native sea breeze resistant trees and palms appear in groupings along Avenida Atlantica. These groupings punctuate Portugese stone mosaics which form a giant abstract painting where no section along the promenade is the same. This “painting” is viewed from the balconies of hotels, and offers an ever changing view for those driving along the beach. The mosaics continue the entire two and a half mile distance of the beach. The water feature, in this case, is of course the ocean and beach, which is bordered by a 30 foot wide continuous scallop patterned mosaic walk (Eliovson 1991; Montero 2001). Copacabana Beach is “the most famous in Brazil” (Eliovson 1991 p. 103).

The Burton Hoard

From: National Museum Cardiff

The Burton hoard is a group of important Bronze Age gold objects including rigs, bracelets and belts. They were uncovered by a group of metal detectorists near Wrexham and is spectacular in its range of middle Bronze Age artefacts. The Burton hoard contains pieces that are unparalleled anywhere else in the UK, including a bracelet with strands of twisted gold and a pendant consisting of a gold bi-conical bead. The quality and type of the jewellery is amazing and suggests a connection with the continent. The objects were buried together inside a pot and dates to the period 1300-1150 BC.

This image forms part of the monthly 'Curators Choice' series from Rhagor, the collections based website from Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales.

What will your favourite item be?

There are 60 wildfires burning right now across the state of Texas. Three of those are right here in San Antonio. Over 1,000 homes have been lost. Please pray for those families losing their homes, the men and women fighting these fires, and that it will finally rain and bring some relief. For those of us in town who are out of harm's way, we should be conserving water since we are already nearing stage 3 water restrictions from the drought, and the firefighters will need to be spraying freely.

If you'd like to help out, visit this website:

txwildfirerelief.org/

First mentioned in 1222, this castle was very often demolished and reconstructed through it´s rich history. The various owners often came into conflict with more powerful opposition, which led to destruction in 1312, 1389 and 1424, but it was always rebuilt and strenghtened. The county bounded to the castle was always very rich and so the castle was maintained long after most of the early medieval forts were abandoned. The owning Dietrichstein family moved to a provisional manor in the town in 1720, in 1784 the castle was stripped of all wooden roofs and it began to deteriorate rapidly, the quality stone was used in construction of new buildings and a new modern chateau finished in 1826 under the old castle. The last to abandon the ruined castle is a forester who lived there until 1948. Today it´s conserved as a monument of past times.

David Diaz of the Otsego Land Trust stands on the future site of a sizable forest buffer on a property to be purchased and transferred to the Wetland Trust for conservation along Butternut Creek in Otsego County, N.Y., on Oct. 9, 2020. Known as Mussel Flats, the 82-acre, 7000-foot stretch of creek is home to populations of yellowlamp mussel and eastern elliptio and could support other threatened wildlife. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)

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A photo credit mentioning the Chesapeake Bay Program is mandatory. The photograph may not be manipulated in any way or used in any way that suggests approval or endorsement of the Chesapeake Bay Program. Requestors should also respect the publicity rights of individuals photographed, and seek their consent if necessary.

Here's the bottom of the board, with the sole integrated circuit, U1, near the upper left corner.

Curious what it was made of, the heart would seem to be a 6-pin microcontroller.

IMGP5940

Cette momie, très bien conservée, est celle d'un homme qui vivait à l'époque ptolémaïque. Selon les usages de cette période, le corps du défunt est soigneusement enveloppé dans des bandelettes de lin dont la disposition atteint, notamment au niveau du visage, une grande qualité artistique. Il est recouvert d'un cartonnage composé de plusieurs éléments : un masque qui couvre la tête, un large collier posé sur la poitrine, un tablier déployé sur ses jambes et enfin, une enveloppe pour les pieds.

Le décor du cartonnage

Cette momie est, d'après les résultats d'un examen radiographique, celle d'un homme adulte. Son nom, écrit de façon hâtive, pourrait se lire Pachéry ou bien Nenou : sa lecture pose encore quelques problèmes. Son visage est recouvert d'un masque aux traits harmonieux au sommet duquel est représenté un scarabée ailé, symbole de renaissance. Le large collier ousekh qui couvre sa poitrine est constitué de plusieurs rangs de perles et comporte des fermoirs en forme de tête de faucon. Sur le tablier qui couvre son corps prennent place diverses scènes réparties en registres. On peut notamment voir la momie allongée sur un lit entouré des déesses Isis et Nephthys et des quatre fils d'Horus. Enfin sur la boîte à pieds prennent place deux représentations du dieu funéraire Anubis. Les textes énumèrent les noms de tous les dieux présents auxquels le défunt confie sa destinée, appelant de tous ses voeux un bel enterrement dans la nécropole.

Un corps préservé pour l'éternité

En Egypte ancienne, tout le monde n'a pas accès aux pratiques funéraires garantissant une survie éternelle et beaucoup doivent se contenter d'une simple fosse creusée dans le désert et de quelques modestes offrandes. Pour les plus chanceux, la préservation du corps est un gage supplémentaire de survie dans l'autre monde. Celui-ci offre un nouveau support aux divers éléments constituant son être vivant dispersés au moment du décès. Si les premières momies ne sont guère plus que des corps enveloppés dans des bandes de lin imprégnées de résine, les méthodes ne tarderont pas à évoluer et seront réellement au point à partir du Nouvel Empire. Le nombre de momies augmentant beaucoup par la suite, leur qualité aura tendance à décroître. Cependant, celles de l'époque gréco-romaine sont souvent remarquables par l'arrangement très subtil de leurs bandelettes. Selon les époques, la momie pouvait être recouverte d'un vêtement, d'une résille de perles, d'un masque, d'une planche décorée en bois ou d'un cartonnage. A l'époque Ptolémaïque, ce sont différents éléments en cartonnage qui sont installés sur la momie avant qu'elle ne soit déposée dans son cercueil.

Un témoignage tardif : Hérodote

L'historien Hérodote qui a visité l'Egypte vers 450 avant J.-C. nous a laissé une description très détaillée des opérations de momification. Il rapporte notamment que trois types de traitement du corps étaient proposés, variant en qualité et bien sûr en prix. Le plus élaboré comportait l'enlèvement du cerveau et des viscères susceptibles de se corrompre. Ces derniers étaient momifiés à part et conservés dans des vases dits canopes. L'intérieur du corps était ensuite lavé avec du vin de palme, puis de la myrrhe broyée et divers aromates y étaient déposés. Le corps était ensuite recouvert de natron, pendant soixante dix jours en principe, afin d'en accélérer la déshydratation. A l'issue de ce traitement, il était entouré de bandelettes de lin imprégnées de résine entre lesquelles les prêtres prenaient soin de glisser de nombreuses amulettes protectrices..Source texte: www.louvre.fr/oeuvre-notices/momie-dhomme . Musée du Louvre. Crédit Photo: François el Bacha, tous droits réservés. Visitez mon blog larabio.com Musée du Louvre. Crédit Photo: François el Bacha, tous droits réservés. Visitez mon blog larabio.com

sasrai-Movement’s sasrai Day, Earth Day, World Environment Day Slogan

If resources are preserved, happiness will be conserved.

Saving resources mean - saving the planet.

Use renewable fuels - reduce global warming.

Consume local Product - contribute to environmental preservation.

Eat more native fruits, plant more native trees

Save environment and nature – save happiness of the future generation.

Keep rivers, lakes, ponds, water body Clean - fill life with happiness

Make sure environment is healthy, ensure smooth development.

Plant native trees - in Country, Community, towns, ports and cities

Make sure environment is green, ensure pure peace.

Clogging hill cutting will stop water logging.

Stop building heaps of polythene bags – start building clean city

Elderly, children and youngster will be preserving everywhere.

In workplace, society and family, everyone will be environment friendly.

We will be preserving – happiness will be everlasting.

sasrai-Movement series Presentation in Observance of sasrai Day, Earth Day, Faith Climate Action Week, World Health Day, World Environment Day

sasrai Day –01 Boishakh/April 14 Appeal

Save Forest – Save Water – Save Earth & Life ensure Habitable Earth for Each

www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1709595609296313&set=...

Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish declined 52%

56 acres of Planet’s forests destroyed every minute

Half of Planet’s wildlife species lost last 40 years

Freshwater species decreased by an alarming 76 percent

Water and food are interdependent

One litre of water to produce one calorie of food

We will fail to feed the world until we fix the water crisis

The world’s thirst for water will grow by 50%. By 2030

https://www.facebook.com/fgaleeb/media_set?set=a.1708192856103255.1073741884.100007376703347&type=3&pnref=story

sasrai-Movement series Presentation in Observance of sasrai Day, Earth Day, Faith Climate Action Week, World Health Day, World Environment Day

sasrai Day –01 Boishakh/April 14 Appeal

Save Forest – Save Water – Save Earth & Life ensure Habitable Earth for Each

•Bangladesh has planned furnish the in Naba Barsha Dish Excluding National Fish Hilsha

•New Study Proves That People Who Don’t Believe In Climate Change Are Morons

•Global warming may be far worse than thought, cloud analysis suggests

•Global Fisheries Are Collapsing -- What Happens When There Are No Fish Left?

•Seas could rise higher than predicted, drenching coastal cities - study

•New York and London could be underwater within DECADES: Scientists say devastating climate change will take place sooner than thought

•6 Colorado Teenagers File Appeal in Fracking and Climate Lawsuit

•Scientists Warn Drastic Climate Impacts Coming Much Sooner Than Expected

•Drilling-induced earthquakes may endanger millions in 2016, USGS says

•Montreal Makes Plans To Ban All Plastic Water Bottles

•Climate Change Will Ruin Hawaii, New Study Suggests

•Global warming to scorch past milestone in 2047, study predicts

•Ocean acidity already crossed threshhold

•Every year after 2047 to be hotter than record-setting 2005, scientists predict

•Worst Mediterranean drought in 900 years has human fingerprints all over it

•Eating Less Meat Could Save 5 Million Lives, Cut Carbon Emissions by 33%

•‘We Have A Global Emergency,’ Must Slash CO2 ASAP

sasrai Day –01 Boishakh/April 14 Appeal

Save Forest – Save Water – Save Earth & Life ensure Habitable Earth for Each

650 million people, even the water they are able to find is unsafe

Water crises are among the top risks to global economic growth

Growing cities, populations, changing climate placing pressures on water

Every minute a newborn dies from infection caused by a lack of safe water and environment

42% of healthcare facilities in Africa do not have access to safe water.

Developing countries half occupied poor water, sanitation and hygiene caused disease

Around 315,000 children under-five die every year caused by dirty water and poor sanitation

That's 900 children per day or one child every two minutes.

2.3 billion people do not have access to adequate sanitation, one in three of the world's population.

In Africa, an estimated 40 billion working hours are spent fetching water

Water in Accra, Ghana, costs three times as much as in New York.

Dhaka’s water tariff of Tk 6.99 per 1,000 litres ‘lowest in the world’.

The biggest threat to the present Planet Earth is Rapid Running Out of the Resources (RRR).

sasrai-Movement must be the Central to Realizing Sustainable Global Development

Ensure Peace, Justice, Dignity, Rights, Prosperity, Security for Each

No matter Climate Changing or Not, Ice Melting or Not – We must stop Consumption Competition

www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.1045800938775669.107374...

The balustrade of the palace has been remodeled, conserving the murals by Diego Rivera that adorn the main stairwell and the walls of the second floor.

In the stairwell is a mural depicting the history of Mexico from 1521 to 1930 and covers an area of 450 m2. These murals were painted between 1929 and 1935, jointly titled "The Epic of the Mexican People". The work is divided like a triptych with each being somewhat autonomous. The right-hand wall contains murals depicting pre-Hispanic Mexico and centers around the life of the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl.

In the middle and largest panel, the Conquest is depicted with its ugliness, such as rape and torture, as well as priests defending the rights of the indigenous people. The battle for independence occupies the uppermost part of this panel in the arch. The American and French invasions are represented below this, as well as the Reform period and the Revolution.

The left-hand panel is dedicated to early and mid-20th century, criticizing the status quo and depicting a Marxist kind of utopia.

Diego also painted 11 panels on the middle floor, such as the "Tianguis of Tlatelolco" (tianguis means "market"), and the "Arrival of Hernán Cortés in Veracruz".

My page about Mexico City on VirtualTourist: members.virtualtourist.com/m/a8215/e9cb4/

My playlist about Mexico City on my Youtube channel containing 18 videos

www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWI-hjqRF24&list=SPD1C71F63FD...

5 min 01 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWI-hjqRF24 Moscow-Paris-Mexico City flight with Adelita HD

3 min 39 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifVqW7GLGqM Mexico City around by bus part 1

4 min 02 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjE2Ee6T2Po Mexico City around by bus part 2

2 min 48 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=vY3jqm38UGs Mexico City Melia Reforma Hotel part 1

4 min 25 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QNq1trJTsM Mexico City around by bus part 3

3 min 02 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDRH8YohP2A Mexico City Melia Reforma Hotel part 2

2 min 41 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-AQXc9KCOI Mexico City around part 4

5 min 29 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ln5fyBSB3fI Mexico City National Palace Diego Rivera part 1

2 min 14 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ais3bJg_EXw Mexico City National Palace part 2

3 min 25 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaF46jNGj3E Mexico City Metropolitan

5 min 18 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gD1z9vRvjM Mexico City around part 5

1 min 24 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=rThp9iYybzk Mexico City Metropolitan Tabernacle

2 min 42 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMAKdiKiI50 Mexico City around part 6

9 min 57 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-K8qaKm3MU Mexico City Anthropology Museum

5 min 16 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JuLRtFlOT4 Mexico City Melia Reforma Hotel part 3

0 min 49 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zbAKjBSFT4 Mexico City Templo Mayor

10 min 51 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULchjze3-38 Mexico City around part 7

8 min 57 sec HD Video www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gb__3VmpRrE Mexico City around part 8.

Un rail est une barre d’acier profilée. Deux files parallèles de rails mis bout à bout forment une voie ferrée. Ils reposent alors généralement sur des traverses pour conserver un écartement constant.

Les rails servent à la fois de guide et de support de roulement pour les véhicules ferroviaires comme le train et le tramway. Étant conducteurs électriques, ils peuvent aussi être utilisés pour la transmission de signaux (circuits de voie) et pour le retour des courants de traction et des auxiliaires du train (ligne train pour le chauffage et la climatisation sur les rames tractées).

Un système de transport fondé sur l’utilisation d’un seul rail est un monorail. Un (voire deux) rail(s) peut(peuvent) servir aussi à l’alimentation électrique (alimentation par troisième rail ou par troisième et quatrième rails).

À Milan ou dans les docks de Londres, l'utilisation de bandes de roulements, composées de deux files parallèles de dalles en pierres ou de madriers de bois, a été une alternative au pavage complet des chaussées pour diminuer la résistance au roulement des chariots. Au départ les bandes étaient suffisamment larges pour qu'on puisse y maintenir manuellement les véhicules. Pour pouvoir utiliser des bandes plus fines, d'abord des solives en bois puis des rails en acier, il a fallu trouver un moyen de guidage du chariot sur ces rails. Au début du chemin de fer, le système actuel à rail saillant (edge-rails) a été en concurrence avec une technologie de voie à ornières ou rail plat (tramroad ou plateway). Dans ce dernier système, le guide latéral qui permet de s'assurer que la roue reste en position sur le rail n'est pas situé sur la jante mais sur le côté du rail. Le rail plat, plus près du sol et donc plus stable, était moins onéreux à poser et on espérait pouvoir y faire circuler les chariots routiers. Il a été notamment utilisé dans les mines du pays de Galles, mais l'usage a montré qu'il était beaucoup plus sujet à l'encrassement par les dépôts de boue et son usage a été abandonné

The rail profile is the cross sectional shape of a railway rail, perpendicular to its length.

Early rails were made of wood, cast iron or wrought iron. All modern rails are hot rolled steel with a cross section (profile) approximate to an I-beam, but asymmetric about a horizontal axis (however see grooved rail below). The head is profiled to resist wear and to give a good ride, and the foot profiled to suit the fixing system.

Unlike some other uses of iron and steel, railway rails are subject to very high stresses and are made of very high quality steel. It took many decades to improve the quality of the materials, including the change from iron to steel. Minor flaws in the steel that may pose no problems in other applications can lead to broken rails and dangerous derailments when used on railway tracks.

By and large, the heavier the rails and the rest of the trackwork, the heavier and faster the trains these tracks can carry.

Rails represent a substantial fraction of the cost of a railway line. Only a small number of rail sizes are made by steelworks at one time, so a railway must choose the nearest suitable size. Worn, heavy rail from a mainline is often reclaimed and downgraded for re-use on a branchline, siding or yard.

@mkofab

Conserved remains of a gothique castle, founded in early 14th Century. It stood on the rebel side in the Hussite side, but its owner switched sides in the last phase of the conflict, and the castle was unsuccesfuly besieged by Hussites in 1434. The owning lord is mentioned a few weeks later as one of the knights, who decided the battle of Lipany, in which the Hussites were definitely crushed. The castle was used together with a newly built baroque manor until 1621, when both were plundered and burned down by imperial soldiers. The manor was quickly restored, but the castle was abandoned, and parts of it were systematically demolished, after the whole county was sold to a enterpreneur. When his son, after he inherited the castle, is elevated to a noble in 1865, he sees himslef to be a successor to the knight tradition of the castle, stops its destruction and begins conservation efforts. In the communist era the ruin was statically conserved in the then-typical way, which was not the most sensitive, it was returned together with the manor to their last owners in 1990ies, and is freely accessible today, with deep cellars and tight tunnels undergrounds.

Patrick Mannens, la personne en charge de la collection d'orchidées du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, a été une des peu de personnes privilégiées á avoir pu accéder á cette forêt de brouillard très conservée, pleine de plantes géantes de la famille Araceae, dans les Farallones de Cali. Durant un tour de 11 jours que je viens de guider. dans les départements du Valle del Cauca et du Cauca, Colombie.

Patrick Mannens, the person in charge of the orchid collection of the National Botanical Garden of Belgium, has been one of the few privileged people to access this very conserved cloud forest, full of giant Aroids, in Farallones de Cali. During an 11 days tour I just guided in Valle del Cauca and Cauca departments, Colombia.

Patrick Mannens, la persona encargada de la colección de orquídeas del Jardín Botánico Nacional de Belgica, a sido una de las pocas personas privilegiadas en poder acceder a este bosque de niebla muy conservado, lleno de plantas gigantes de la familia Araceae, en los Farallones de Cali. Durante un tour de 11 días que acabo de guiar en los departamentos del Valle del Cauca y del Cauca, Colombia.

Wood-conserving stoves are saving thousands of trees, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and greatly improving women's and children's health in Central America. Utilizing up to 50% less wood as a “traditional” open pit fireplace and reducing the amount of smoke and black carbon in the home, the wood-conserving stoves (or Justa stoves) being implemented by SHI are a radical and healthy change. Traditionally, the walls and roofs of rural homes in Central America would be caked with black soot, while smoke being inhaled by women and children would be the equivalent of smoking 2 to 5 packs of cigarettes per day. Such traditional stoves, notorious for consuming large amounts of wood, are also a main cause of respiratory infections, tuberculosis, eye disease and more. According to the World Health Organization, about 1.6 million deaths around the world were associated with indoor air pollution or the burning of biomass as cooking fuel.

Using a combination of bricks and adobes, the wood conserving stoves being installed by SHI Field Trainers and participants have been known to:

-Cut wood consumption by up to 50%

-Reduce indoor smoke by 90%, thus reducing carbon monoxide and particulate matter

-Save an average of 1.5 tons of carbon emissions per year (according to tests conducted by Trees, Water, People)

More info and how you can contribute: www.sustainableharvest.org/techniques/wood-conserving-stoves

www.arqueologiadelperu.com/neutron-scattering-helping-con...

A recent international study led by ANSTO instrument scientist Vladimir Luzin is likely to be of interest to conservationists who are trying to preserve important marble sculptures and artefacts, such as Michelangelo's famous sculpture of David.

David is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture created between 1501 and 1504, by Michelangelo [Credit: ALAMY]

"The fact of the matter is that physical weathering, deterioration and damage to marble and other architectural stones present a serious problem for the preservation of sculptures, monuments and buildings," said Luzin.David: A sculpture made from Carrara marble

Before its relocation in Galleria dell'Accademia, David, the "Giant", was symbolically displayed in the political heart of Renaissance Florence, the Piazza della Signoria. Over a period of almost three centuries, the statue was exposed to the action of weather, historical events and inappropriate restoration works. These coexisting factors prevented the appropriate preservation of a masterpiece that, already at the time of its creation, was regarded as challenging by many artists—due to the presence of taroli, imperfections of the marble.

Today David is in a highly stable condition but still presents a contemporary scientific challenge from a conservation point of view. Researchers are monitoring marble cracking of the 4.3 metre David with a system of sensors that record vibrations, rotations and environmental conditions. [1] Conservationists monitor the sculpture because it is thought that even small mechanical impacts and small temperature variations are detrimental to marble.

Geologically marble is formed by the alteration (metamorphism) of limestone under high temperature and high pressure. The metamorphic process causes a complete recrystallization of the original rock into an interlocking mosaic of calcite and/or dolomite crystals with very specific mechanical behaviour.

Carrara marble, the stone used by Michaelangelo in sculpting David, was one of the most popular types of marble in the world because of its beauty and high lustre. For centuries it was quarried from the Apuan Alps in Tuscan Italy.

The popularity of Carrara marble was due in part to the wide range of varieties available (statuary, flowered, veined, brecciated, bardiglio, etc.), to the constancy of its quality, scarcity of defects, large size of single blocks that could be extracted, excellent physical and mechanical characteristics, and long-lasting strength and beauty." [2]

The Pantheon in Rome [Credit: ANSTO]

However the suitability of marble from the Carrara area of Italy for buildings and artworks has been questioned because of 'spectacular bowing behaviour' of marble slabs on numerous modern buildings including the Amoco building in Chicago and the Grand Arche de la Defense in Paris.

A study of Carrara marble by a group of investigators led by Luzin have confirmed that microstresses caused by temperature variation and the thermo-mechanical properties of the marble itself help explain the deterioration. Co-investigators are Dimitry Nikolayev of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Moscow and Siegfried Siegesmund of theUniversity of Göttingen in Germany.

The investigators were interested in the different environmental conditions that influence marble deterioration and had to reproduce factors known to be important to the process of deterioration. Temperature effects were among those known to cause mechanical stress.

Luzin and collaborators used non-destructive neutron diffraction to confirm that thermally-induced microstress from a single thermal exposure can cause microcracking in the marble and therefore be responsible for weathering and deterioration of the marble [3].

"Neutron diffraction is a useful tool and a non-destructive method to investigate the texture, phase composition and spatial and orientation dependence of strain in a bulk marble sample," explained Luzin.

Although the commercial use of statue-grade Carrara marble is no longer allowed, an exception is made for restoration works and scientific research. Freshly cut marble from a quarry in Carrara, Italy was used for the testing.

"Although not easy, stress measurements in geological materials, such as marble are feasible and provide valuable characterisation," said Luzin.

He explained that the challenges are related to the need to measure two phases with sufficient accuracy. It is necessary to use a large gauge volume because of the coarse grain microstructure and longer measurement time in order to capture very delicate effects of microstress in calcite and dolomite—which are also very weak neutron scatterers.

The neutron high resolution powder diffractomter, Echidna, determined the amount of each phase in two cube samples of marble. In one sample, the dolomite comprised a volume fraction of 28 per cent and in the other it was 18 per cent, which is not surprising given the highly visible non-uniform distribution of dolomite in the marble.

The Kowari diffractometer was used to produce pole figures, graphical representations that capture the preferred crystallographic orientation (texture) of the calcite and dolomite. "A weak crystallographic texture in both phases was confirmed in the neutron diffraction experiment," said Luzin.

The stress experiments were carried out using the Kowari diffractometer in a specially designed sample environment unit in order to control temperature. "We took measurements of the calcite and dolomite phases at room temperature and at 80° C."

Using a technique to measure the stiffness of an elastic material, the researchers were able to accurately measure the accumulated damage after a thermal exposure that could be unambiguously attributed to microcracking.

"Evidently, a significant change in microstress caused micro-cracking in the marble sample due to temperature changes," said Luzin.

Although exaggerated temperature might not be relevant to real daily and seasonal temperature variation, smaller, more numerous natural temperature variations during long periods of time might result in even greater accumulated damage. There are historical examples of sculpture which deteriorated into a pulverised state after a century of exposure to temperature variation.

"We have a responsibility to try and preserve great works of art and architecture with non-destructive techniques and nuclear technologies give us the means to do this. Hopefully David and other important monuments can be preserved in the centuries to come," said Luzin.References[1] Giovanni Pascale, Filippo Bastianini, Roberto Carli, "Monitoring Marble cracking in the David by Michaelangelo Proc. Art'11, 10th Int. Conf. on Non-Destructive Investigations and microanalysis for the diagnostics and conservation of cultural and environmental heritage, Florence, April 13th-15th, 2011, NDT44[2] Stephano Merlino Paolo Orlandi "Carraraite and zaccagnaite, two new minerals from the Carrara marble quarries: their chemical compositions, physical properties, and structural features" American Mineralogist, Volume 86, pages 1293–1301[3] 310.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.777.148. Luzin, V; Nikolayev, D and Siegesmund, S, Temperature Induced Internal Stress in Carrara Marble, Mater. Sci. Forum 777, 148-154 (2014)Source: Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) [June 22, 2015]

Conserved remains of a gothique castle, founded in early 14th Century. It stood on the rebel side in the Hussite side, but its owner switched sides in the last phase of the conflict, and the castle was unsuccesfuly besieged by Hussites in 1434. The owning lord is mentioned a few weeks later as one of the knights, who decided the battle of Lipany, in which the Hussites were definitely crushed. The castle was used together with a newly built baroque manor until 1621, when both were plundered and burned down by imperial soldiers. The manor was quickly restored, but the castle was abandoned, and parts of it were systematically demolished, after the whole county was sold to a enterpreneur. When his son, after he inherited the castle, is elevated to a noble in 1865, he sees himslef to be a successor to the knight tradition of the castle, stops its destruction and begins conservation efforts. In the communist era the ruin was statically conserved in the then-typical way, which was not the most sensitive, it was returned together with the manor to their last owners in 1990ies, and is freely accessible today, with deep cellars and tight tunnels undergrounds.

Over 5000 years, the farmers of Andean agriculture have dynamically conserved indigenous agricultural knowledges such as landscape management such as terraces, ridges fields, water management including local irrigation systems, soil management and traditional agricultural tools, crops and livestock, which has adapted to the ecosystems of different altitudes ranging from 2,500 to 5,000 m. Social organizations have been the key factor to maintain their own norms and cultural practices for the harmonious and respectful management of their environment and contributes to their food security.

In 2011, the Andean Agriculture of Peru was designated as a GIAHS site for its unique agricultural system, and in 2021, it celebrates its 10th anniversary after designation. As the site continues to conserve its agrobiodiversity and manage landscape through the ancient traditional agriculture, they also face challenges of external influences which do not always consider the cultural and ecological values of their context.

Photo credit must be given: © FAO / Jeremy Cornejo

More information:

Andean Agriculture, Peru

Just across the border from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda’s Bwindi Impenetrable National Park draws thousands of tourists each year for its rich biodiversity and mountain gorillas. The park is also a World Heritage site and home to one of the most densely populated rural areas of the country. Population growth increases pressure on valuable forest resources and pushes communities closer and closer to gorilla habitat, threatening the endangered species’ survival. Conservation Through Public Health is a grassroots organization that aims to conserve these mountain gorillas and their habitat by improving the quality of life in nearby communities. The organization’s work ranges from monitoring diseases that threaten both humans and gorillas to educating couples on family planning methods, drawing the link between population, health, and environment.

Conservation Through Public Health celebrates its tenth anniversary this year, and founder Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka reflected at the Wilson Center on September 26, with commentary by Tricia Petruney, co-author of Growing Together: How Population and Environment Groups Can Advance PHE Through Capacity Building Partnerships, and William Pan, organizer of Population, Health, and Environment in Africa: Coordinating Strategies, at Duke University.

Read more: www.wilsoncenter.org/event/gorillas-and-family-planning-t...

Remains of the old Conservatory at Gwrych Castle.

meu amis novo bebê, de um mês, que eu ganhei do meu amor ;)

pastrychefonline.com/?p=9208 Buttermilk Mascarpone Stracciatella with Balsamic Strawberry Conserve. An intensely summery, well-balanced ice cream. It gets creaminess from mascarpone, a bit of a tang from the buttermilk and a deep, complex fruitiness from the conserve. This is a great use for strawberries that might be a bit past their prime.

Visitors attend an open house exhibition of the 75 year anniversary of Gracie Mansion Conservancy at Gracie Mansion. First Lady Chirlane McCray surprised a few guests with a photo line on Sunday, March 5th, 2017. Edwin J. Torres/Mayoral Photo Office.

Photo prise le mercredi 16 mai 2012 lors d'un repérage.

232 km 138 de la Garonne.

Altitude : 4 m.

arrivée de la 66e section du Canal (qui n'est pas un bief).

62e écluse sur le Canal à franchir par les navigants depuis son extrèmité occidentale à Toulouse.

64e écluse à l'origine sur le Canal avant les années 70 (65e si l'on compte l'écluse Notre Dame à Beziers sur l'ancien tracé)..

63e écluse si l'on ne compte pas l'écluse de Garonne, la ou a été posée la première pierre du Canal du Midi, guère usitée (mais qui a conservé ses portes éclusières) et commune aux canaux du Midi, Latéral à la Garonne et de Brienne).

62e écluse si on ôte aussi du décompte l'ancienne écluse Matabiau à Toulouse, qui a perdu sa fonction éclusière lors de la modernisation du Canal dans les années 70

Au fond a gauche la guinguette de l'écluse, avec son ambiance "chansons à textes" (Brassens etc...) mais aux tarifs onéreux (données 2012).

Sur ces liens, des photos de David Merlin sur le Canal, particulièrement entre Beziers et l'Etang de Thau :

www.david-merlin.com/phototheque/photos_canal-du-midi-v0.htm

www.david-merlin.com/phototheque/photos_canal-du-midi-v30...

www.david-merlin.com/phototheque/photos_canal-du-midi-v60...

www.david-merlin.com/phototheque/photos

Voir aussi d'autres liens photographiques ayant comme sujet le Canal du Midi :

www.flickr.com/photos/51063756@N03/sets/72157629815095294/

www.flickr.com/groups/r-r-r/discuss/72157629186932232/

www.flickr.com/photos/21252309@N06/sets/72157604226551224...

www.flickr.com/photos/26359075@N02/sets/72157619113135217...

www.flickr.com/photos/lyli12/sets/72157623917517556/with/...

www.flickr.com/photos/34489588@N08/sets/72157614766492790...

www.flickr.com/photos/reneve31/sets/72157623974357358/wit...

www.flickr.com/photos/27197968@N04/sets/72157622493028095...

www.flickr.com/photos/voldepegase/sets/72157627902747759/...

Localisation sur wikimapia :

wikimapia.org/#lat=43.3245391&lon=3.4761675&z=16&...

As part of Earth Month, Sound Transit this week sponsored a Home Conservation Fair at Union Station. The fair featured members of the agency's sustainability team along with local utilities and other organizations including Puget Sound Energy, Seattle Public Utilities and Snohomish County PUD. Seen here facing the camera is Kent Hale, Sound Transit senior environmental planner. Sunday is Earth Day 2012.

Fossil fuel energy from coal is transformed at the power plant into electrical energy which is transferred to my house and into this device which converts it from alternating current to direct current in these batteries that keep my point and shoot camera going.

The GBP bears are supervising. :o)

For the All New Scavenger Hunt #12 - Energy.

Des stalles du château de Gaillon sont conservées dans la basilique Saint-Denis près de Paris. Ce château était la résidence de loisir des archevêques de Rouen. Commandées au début du XVIe siècle par Georges d’Amboise, ces stalles ont été construites lorsque cet archevêque, devenu légat du pape et premier conseiller de Louis XII a fait transformer le château médiéval en palais de la Renaissance. Seules stalles en France à présenter de nombreux panneaux de marqueterie et une iconographie inédite, elles forment un mobilier unique, chef-d’œuvre de cette période charnière entre gothique et Renaissance, arborant une grande mixité de styles. Ces stalles sont les chaires qui étaient destinées aux trois chanoines qui officiaient dans la chapelle haute du château de Gaillon, dédiée à saint Georges. Elles étaient ceintes d’une clôture en boiset constituaient ainsi le chœur liturgique de l'édifice.

Les stalles en chêne sont composées de deux rangées disposées côté nord et sud du transept de la basilique de Saint-Denis. La rangée nord présente un ensemble de six stalles, la rangée sud de cinq stalles et une isolée. Seules douze stalles ont été créées au XVIe siècle alors que le programme iconographique en prévoyait quatorze. De 2,83 m de haut, elles composées d’un siège et d’un dorsal, ce dernier comprenant deux registres : un bas-relief surmontant un panneau de marqueterie. Tous les éléments sont sculptés ou marquetés. De manière unique, les dossiers, les dorsaux et les voussures des dais sont galbés. De même les chaires ont des largeurs variées, fixées par celles des bas-reliefs des dorsaux. Pour s’adapter, les largeurs d’autres composants ont été rectifiées. La mixité de style se retrouve dans la globalité, les interdorsaux et deux dais étant gothiques alors que les faibles reliefs sont apparentés aux grotesques de la Renaissance, les bas-reliefs et les marqueteries des dorsaux étant quant à eux à la fois d’inspiration péninsulaire et septentrionale.

Sont illustrées sur les bas-reliefs originaux des dorsaux deux scènes de la vie d’Anne et Joachim, parents de la vierge Marie, cinq scènes de la vie de saint Jean-Baptiste le précurseur et sept scènes de la vie de saint Georges selon les textes d’Évangile ou de la Légende dorée. Nombre d’autres saints sont présentés en pied, sous forme de statuettes sur les interdorsaux ou de bas-reliefs sur les soubassements des jouées, notamment les quatre évangélistes sur ces derniers. Sur les panneaux marquetés des quadrants des parcloses sont figurées les affres des enfers des condamnés selon les sept péchés capitaux, avec les planètes et leurs influences. Les représentations sont inspirées des gravures du Calendrier des bergers imprimé à cette époque.

Les miséricordes figurent des scènes des Métamorphoses d’Ovide ainsi que les arts libéraux selon la Margarita Philosophica de G. Reisch. Les artisans se sont inspirés de gravures d’ouvrages imprimés au début du XVIe siècle, par exemple le soldat romain Caius Mucius Scaevola devant le roi Étrusque Porsenna y étant représenté exposant ainsi des thématiques propres à la culture antique. De manière également tout à fait inédite, les 7 vertus, cardinales et théologales, et 7 sibylles sont figurées et représentées sur les panneaux de marqueterie du premier registre des dorsaux. Les allégories et les prophétesses sont encadrées d’architectures identiques deux à deux qui les mettent en concordance. Les sibylles ont été choisies parmi celles du manuscrit des Heures de Louis de Laval dont les auteurs ont cité les prophéties. Ces dernières proviennent du manuscrit des Institutions divines de Lactance qui était de nouveau traduit et que le cardinal a lui-même fait enluminer. Ce grand rhéteur du IVe siècle ayant quant à lui repris les oracles rédigés dans les Oracles sibyllins.

Georges Ier d’Amboise n’a pas manqué de faire valoir qu’il était le commanditaire des stalles en demandant à ce que ses armes et sa devise y figurent à de nombreuses reprises. Le légat a donné pour modèles aux artisans des stalles des enluminures ou gravures de manuscrits faisant partie de sa splendide bibliothèque, digne d'un grand érudit humaniste. Il fit venir l’Italie en choisissant la marqueterie figurative en sus de la sculpture, seule technique utilisée à l'époque en France. Sans renier la tradition en faisant figurer les saints, il a fait représenter de manière inédite leur cycle de vie, dont il a choisi des événements bien spécifiques. De plus, il a incité les fidèles à s’instruire et à étudier les auteurs antiques en faisant sculpter des allégories des arts libéraux et des personnages mythiques ou héroïques. Enfin, par le dialogue des sibylles et des vertus, il a montré que la rhétorique de Lactance était convaincante. Il a ainsi non seulement introduit en France la mode italienne dans le mobilier, le décor et les ornements du château de Gaillon, mais surtout donné corps à l’esprit humaniste en faisant de ses stalles les messagères qui appellent à une vie vertueuse, dans la foi au Christ annoncé à tous les hommes (cf. wikipédia, merci Glass Angel pour la photo).

conserve water, take a bath together.

Volunteers including Anisha Kolla, right, her brother Anchit and mother Padma harvest bell peppers at Roundabout Meadows Community Farm in Loudoun County, Va., on Sept. 9, 2020. The farm lies on land conserved by Piedmont Environmental Council to protect the area from development. (Photo by Will Parson/Chesapeake Bay Program)

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Conserved remains of a gothique castle, founded in early 14th Century. It stood on the rebel side in the Hussite side, but its owner switched sides in the last phase of the conflict, and the castle was unsuccesfuly besieged by Hussites in 1434. The owning lord is mentioned a few weeks later as one of the knights, who decided the battle of Lipany, in which the Hussites were definitely crushed. The castle was used together with a newly built baroque manor until 1621, when both were plundered and burned down by imperial soldiers. The manor was quickly restored, but the castle was abandoned, and parts of it were systematically demolished, after the whole county was sold to a enterpreneur. When his son, after he inherited the castle, is elevated to a noble in 1865, he sees himslef to be a successor to the knight tradition of the castle, stops its destruction and begins conservation efforts. In the communist era the ruin was statically conserved in the then-typical way, which was not the most sensitive, it was returned together with the manor to their last owners in 1990ies, and is freely accessible today, with deep cellars and tight tunnels undergrounds.

Peintes vers 1080-1120, les peintures romanes sont très bien conservées et extrêmement bien réali-sées. Bien que lacunaire, ce programme est riche de plusieurs thèmes iconographiques. Sur le mur est, une frise grecque avec effet de relief et différents oiseaux parcourt tout le baptistère. Entre les deux oculi, un Christ avec un nimbe crucifère se tient en majesté dans sa mandorle avec un livre ouvert où est inscrit EGO [SUM V] I [TA] : Je suis la vie (Jean, XIV, 6). Autour de lui, deux anges épousent parfaitement la forme des fenêtres, tous deux tournés vers les Apôtres désignant le Christ. Ceux-ci ne sont pas reconnaissables individuellement, hormis saint Pierre à la droite du Christ. Ils sont en mouvement et marchent sur des vagues représentants le monde sur lequel répandre la parole divine, avec au dessus d'eux une inscription en latin AS-CENDO AD PA-TREM [MEUM E] T PA-TREM [VES-TRVM, DEVM ET DEVM VES-TRVM]. VI[RI G]A[LIL] EI [QVIS S]TA[TIS AS-PI-CIENT] ES IN CELVM. HIC HIESVS QVI ASVMTVS EST A VOBIS : Je monte vers mon Père et votre Père, mon Dieu et votre Dieu. Galilée qui lève les yeux au ciel. C'est Jésus qui vous a été enlevé.

Sous le Christ la main de Dieu représentée dans un médaillon. Sur l’arc en plein cintre, un Agnus Dei et deux anges thuriféraires, avec sous cet arc des personnages non identifiables dans des médaillons. Enfin, sur le dernier registre du mur, deux cavaliers sont situés de part et d’autre, le premier complètement effacé dont ne reste que la tête du cheval. A droite, le cavalier Constantin tenant un sceptre et un orbe, et marchant dans la direction du Christ, est le seul des quatre dont l’identité nous soit parvenue. Sur cette partie du mur se superposent le cavalier roman et les dernières scènes du cycle de la vie de saint Jean-Baptiste, datant du XIIIe siècle.

Sur le mur Nord, de gauche à droite, se situent une figure profane, un paon sous chaque oculi et sous l’arc en mitre un saint anonyme, avec à droite du mur deux apôtres. Sur le mur Ouest, les peintures sont très endommagées, un paon est tou-jours visible bien que pâle, un vase ocre s'y distingue aussi (vase de vie ou pour utiliser le chrême en vue d'oindre les catéchumènes. Un deuxième paon devait se trouver à côté avec, plus bas, deux autres cavaliers dont l’un est complet, couronné et tenant un sceptre. Le quatrième et dernier cavalier est lui aussi endommagé, seul le haut de son corps étant visible tenant les rênes de son cheval.

Sur le mur Sud, deux apôtres, non complets avec sous l’oculus un paon et sous l’arc en mitre, saint Maurice d’Agaune, désigné ici par MAVRICIVS en habit de légionnaire, ses reliques étant conservées dans la cathédrale primitive. Sous le second oculus, un dragon fait face à un homme brandissant une épée, symbole du combat entre le bien et le mal. Entre ces deux figures, une inscription CIL CRIA MARCI ET VRNA : il demanda grâce et s’enfuit (plus vieille inscription connue en langue vernaculaire) (cf. fra.archinform.net).

Détail d'une coupe attique à figures rouges

Vers 480 av. J.-C.

Attribuée au peintre Antiphon

Provenance inconnue

Conservée au musée du Louvre, Paris

www.theoi.com/Gallery/M22.2.html

522

Чтоб скорее дрогнули враги, чтоб росли свинцовые удары – каждый рубль советский береги, не копейки не расходуй даром.

So that the enemies may falter sooner, so that our leaden blows may grow in strength – conserve every Soviet ruble, do not spend even a kopeck carelessly.

Cette momie, très bien conservée, est celle d'un homme qui vivait à l'époque ptolémaïque. Selon les usages de cette période, le corps du défunt est soigneusement enveloppé dans des bandelettes de lin dont la disposition atteint, notamment au niveau du visage, une grande qualité artistique. Il est recouvert d'un cartonnage composé de plusieurs éléments : un masque qui couvre la tête, un large collier posé sur la poitrine, un tablier déployé sur ses jambes et enfin, une enveloppe pour les pieds.

Le décor du cartonnage

Cette momie est, d'après les résultats d'un examen radiographique, celle d'un homme adulte. Son nom, écrit de façon hâtive, pourrait se lire Pachéry ou bien Nenou : sa lecture pose encore quelques problèmes. Son visage est recouvert d'un masque aux traits harmonieux au sommet duquel est représenté un scarabée ailé, symbole de renaissance. Le large collier ousekh qui couvre sa poitrine est constitué de plusieurs rangs de perles et comporte des fermoirs en forme de tête de faucon. Sur le tablier qui couvre son corps prennent place diverses scènes réparties en registres. On peut notamment voir la momie allongée sur un lit entouré des déesses Isis et Nephthys et des quatre fils d'Horus. Enfin sur la boîte à pieds prennent place deux représentations du dieu funéraire Anubis. Les textes énumèrent les noms de tous les dieux présents auxquels le défunt confie sa destinée, appelant de tous ses voeux un bel enterrement dans la nécropole.

Un corps préservé pour l'éternité

En Egypte ancienne, tout le monde n'a pas accès aux pratiques funéraires garantissant une survie éternelle et beaucoup doivent se contenter d'une simple fosse creusée dans le désert et de quelques modestes offrandes. Pour les plus chanceux, la préservation du corps est un gage supplémentaire de survie dans l'autre monde. Celui-ci offre un nouveau support aux divers éléments constituant son être vivant dispersés au moment du décès. Si les premières momies ne sont guère plus que des corps enveloppés dans des bandes de lin imprégnées de résine, les méthodes ne tarderont pas à évoluer et seront réellement au point à partir du Nouvel Empire. Le nombre de momies augmentant beaucoup par la suite, leur qualité aura tendance à décroître. Cependant, celles de l'époque gréco-romaine sont souvent remarquables par l'arrangement très subtil de leurs bandelettes. Selon les époques, la momie pouvait être recouverte d'un vêtement, d'une résille de perles, d'un masque, d'une planche décorée en bois ou d'un cartonnage. A l'époque Ptolémaïque, ce sont différents éléments en cartonnage qui sont installés sur la momie avant qu'elle ne soit déposée dans son cercueil.

Un témoignage tardif : Hérodote

L'historien Hérodote qui a visité l'Egypte vers 450 avant J.-C. nous a laissé une description très détaillée des opérations de momification. Il rapporte notamment que trois types de traitement du corps étaient proposés, variant en qualité et bien sûr en prix. Le plus élaboré comportait l'enlèvement du cerveau et des viscères susceptibles de se corrompre. Ces derniers étaient momifiés à part et conservés dans des vases dits canopes. L'intérieur du corps était ensuite lavé avec du vin de palme, puis de la myrrhe broyée et divers aromates y étaient déposés. Le corps était ensuite recouvert de natron, pendant soixante dix jours en principe, afin d'en accélérer la déshydratation. A l'issue de ce traitement, il était entouré de bandelettes de lin imprégnées de résine entre lesquelles les prêtres prenaient soin de glisser de nombreuses amulettes protectrices..Source texte: www.louvre.fr/oeuvre-notices/momie-dhomme . Musée du Louvre. Crédit Photo: François el Bacha, tous droits réservés. Visitez mon blog larabio.com Musée du Louvre. Crédit Photo: François el Bacha, tous droits réservés. Visitez mon blog larabio.com

To celebrate World Migratory Bird Day (WMBD) on 11 May this year, the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) will host a regional WMBD event on the shores of Lake Elementaita to raise awareness about the need to conserve the migratory birds and their habitats.

World Migratory Bird Day is commemorated in every continent, connecting people and cultures around the globe in the same respect that migratory birds do on their journeys each year. However, the impacts of people around world have led to habitat loss and degradation, greatly affecting many migratory bird species. The survival of migratory birds depends on the availability of well-connected networks of habitats along their migration routes for breeding, feeding, resting and wintering.

The 2013 World Migratory Bird DayTheme - "Networking for migratory birds"

This year's World Migratory Bird Day theme "Networking for migratory birds" aims to emphasize both ecological networks, as well as networks between organizations and individuals and their mutual importance for the long-term conservation of migratory birds. Since migration routes often cross many countries and even entire continents, an effective management strategy requires joint action in the form of international cooperation. Collective conservation actions by governments, nature conservation organizations, scientists and the general public are needed to ensure the survival of migratory birds.

World Migratory Bird Day 2013 - Regional Kenyan Event at Lake Elementaita

Lake Elementaita is an important site for migratory birds and is the venue for this year's regional World Migratory Bird Day 2013 event in Kenya that will take place on 11 May 2013 starting at 9:00am.

The event is being hosted by the government of Kenya through Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS), the focal point of the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) and the African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA) in collaboration with the African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement Secretariat (UNEP/AEWA) and with funding from the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU).

This event will be preceded by a five days International Training of Trainers (ToT) workshop on the flyway approach to the conservation and wise use of waterbirds and wetlands taking place from 6 - 10 May 2013 at the Kenya Wildlife Service Training Institute (KWSTI) in Naivasha, Kenya. The training targets participants from Eastern and Southern African countries and will use the Wings Over Wetlands (WOW) Flyway Training Kit as a central training resource. The ToT workshop and the WMBD event, both contribute to the implementation of priority awareness-raising activities as identified by the AEWA African Parties in the recently adopted AEWA Plan of Action for Africa 2012-2017.

Lake Elementaita

Lake Elementaita, important for numerous migratory waterbirds including the near threatened Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor), is a shallow alkaline lake lying on the floor of the Great Rift Valley at 1,776 m above sea level. Although the lake and a terrestrial buffer zone cover an area of about 108.8 km2, the size of the open water body fluctuates between 19 km2 and 22km2. It was designated as an Important Bird Area (IBA) in 1999 and as a Ramsar site in 2005. It was, however, not until 2010 that Lake Elementaita was proclaimed as a National Wildlife Sanctuary. The Wildlife Sanctuary encompasses the whole of Lake Elementaita and its surrounding riparian lands. In 2011, Lake Elementaita, Lake Nakuru and Lake Bogoria were inscribed by UNESCO as part of the Kenya Lakes System in the Great Rift Valley World Heritage Site.

Many human activities directly or indirectly damage sites through habitat fragmentation and degradation thereby posing a grave threat to migratory bird species. These important habitats are disappearing and with them the ecological networks that connect them. With limited access to these important sites like Lake Elementaita, birds may not survive their demanding journeys. Consequently, the management of ecological networks is crucial for the protection of avian migratory species. Lake Elementaita's status as a national Wildlife Sanctuary, IBA and Ramsar site as well as being part of the Great Rift Valley World Heritage Site shows the site's great importance as a wilderness conservation area. These protection statuses will help conserve Lake Elementaita's great environmental resources, including migratory birds, for generations to come.

What is World Migratory Bird Day?

Launched in 2006 on the edge of the Great Rift Valley in Laikipia (Kenya) - World Migratory Bird Day is an annually celebrated awareness-raising campaign aiming to inspire the worldwide conservation of both migratory birds and their habitats. The campaign is organized by the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) and the African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA); two international wildlife treaties administered by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). World Migratory Bird Day is also supported by a growing number of partners, such as BirdLife International, Wetlands International, the East Asian-Australasian Flyway Partnership (EAAFP) and the International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation (CIC).

Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) in collaboration with a number of national stakeholders including the National Museums of Kenya, Kenya Forest Service, National Environment Management Authority among other including Nature Kenya and Soysambu Conservancy will be hosting the regional WMBD event on 11 May 2013 at Lake Elementaita, Kenya.

For more information about the WMBD event at Lake Elementaita, please visit the KWS website at: www.kws.org

For more information about World Migratory Bird Day, please visit the website at: www.worldmigratorybirdday.org

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