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The plumage of most kingfishers is bright, with green and blue being the most common colours. The brightness of the colours is neither the product of iridescence or pigments, but is instead caused by the structure of the feathers, which causes scattering of blue light (the Tyndall effect).
The kingfishers have long, dagger-like bills. The bill is usually longer and more compressed in species that hunt fish, and shorter and more broad in species that hunt prey off the ground. The largest and most atypical bill is that of the shovel-billed kookaburra, which is used to dig through the forest floor in search of prey. They generally have short legs, although species that feed on the ground have longer tarsi. Most species have four toes, three of which are forward-pointing.
The irises of most species are dark brown. The kingfishers have excellent vision; they are capable of binocular vision and are thought in particular to have good colour vision. They have restricted movement of their eyes within the eye sockets, instead using head movements to track prey. In addition, they are capable of compensating for the refraction of water and reflection when hunting prey underwater, and are able to judge depth under water accurately. They also have nictitating membranes that cover the eyes to protect them when they hit the water; the pied kingfisher has a bony plate which slides across the eye when it hits the water.
5 in 1 here. The Kaibab Plateau, House Rock Valley, Vermilion Cliffs, Echo Cliffs, and Marble Canyon
Taken from the coastal village of Ogmore by sea, Shot at 380mm to enlarge the Sun and compress Porthcawl and the Hills of Swansea
Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, Oceanville, NJ, USA
DSC_0406 - Processed in CaptureNX 2 2.4.7 & GIMP 2.8.6
File:DSC_0406original.NEF
File Size:17.5 MB
Image Size:L (6000 x 4000)
Date Shot:6/24/2016 18:42:15.90
Image Quality:Compressed RAW (12-bit)
Device:Nikon D3300
Lens:VR 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G
Focal Length:55mm
Focus Mode:Manual
AF-Area Mode:Single
VR:OFF
Aperture:f/13
Shutter Speed:1/160s
Exposure Mode:Manual
Exposure Comp.:0EV
Metering:Spot
ISO Sensitivity:ISO 100
White Balance:Cloudy, 0, 0
Basc:[VI] VIVID
Sharpening:5
Contrast:+1
Saturation:-1