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Jan Anderson, a committed Detroiter and poet, graciously collaborated with us on a projection series where she recited her poetry about Detroit. Text of the recited poems follows:
WHEN THE PEOPLE LEAVE
When the people leave
The siege begins,
And the windows fall
And the halls are spooked
And the roof rots
And the lot vacates
And the placated defacate
Until the weeds stand tall
And the ghetto palms appear
And the tears depart
And the garden grows
In the people’s hardened hearts.
DEATH IN THE FAMILY
Detroit sits motionless
Like a daughter with her mother’s lifeless body.
The place is a chamber eerily apart from space and time
A ball of light hovering above a hole.
Two forms unable to inhale the next moment or
To cling together to fill the hollow.
Only in perfect still can the echo of being still be felt
So the daughter turns to stone like the mound of clay on the table before her.
The corpse must be returned to the soil
Before energy can again be found –
The heat between them forging iron to last
Until she too is a mound bereft of anything.
Detroit is still
Like a mountain blocking the sun.
A cavern is inside, precious metals in sum.
But our loss is its loss
Such is the formlessness of grief that it blankets all things
The nothingness before it is a vacuum
Into which vitality is slowly drawn –
Such is the black hole of tragedy that all material is reformed.
When our lifeless generation is duly mourned and returned to the ages,
New life will be formed
And there will no weeping, no striking out,
Only the duty of remembering in a city that is no longer an innocent child.
THE LAST PACKARD COMPANY MAN
As a lover he didn’t read minds or chart the heart’s inner terrain with his hands.
Those hands were working hands, greasy leathery tools.
Steel was the vessel of his spirit, and everything he touched became this sort of flesh.
The last Packard Company man lived to work,
Strove to be a cog in the great machine.
His shift was the prayer that sanctified him to his wife and children,
Made them believe in God.
The City’s Committee on Plant Closings asked him who he was
and he told them that he fought two great wars building the planes that brought death to the first and second global conflicts.
The heat that forges memory is the same that bends metal.
What does a soldier do after the war is lost?
Is honor found in the hands or in the heart?
Is faith the whole, or only part?
Do you believe because it’s in your head, or is belief an act of defiance instead?
Locally committed to improving the quality of life for Coventry people
Council Plan 2013/14 End of Year Performance Report
Coventry City Council
Taken from the Council Plan end of year performance report (Cabinet, 8 July 2014) goo.gl/xwjm04
Find out more:
Council Plan: www.coventry.gov.uk/councilplan/
Performance: www.coventry.gov.uk/performance/
St Baldricks Brevard at The Avenue Viera by commercial photographer Rich Johnson of Spectacle Photo. Dedicated to the St. Baldrick's Foundation Events on the Space Coast of FL and raising awareness for Childhood Cancer. The St. Baldrick's Foundation is a volunteer-driven charity committed to funding the most promising research to find cures for childhood cancers and give survivors long and healthy lives.
St Baldricks Brevard at The Avenue Viera by commercial photographer Rich Johnson of Spectacle Photo. Dedicated to the St. Baldrick's Foundation Events on the Space Coast of FL and raising awareness for Childhood Cancer. The St. Baldrick's Foundation is a volunteer-driven charity committed to funding the most promising research to find cures for childhood cancers and give survivors long and healthy lives.
St Baldricks Brevard at The Avenue Viera by commercial photographer Rich Johnson of Spectacle Photo. Dedicated to the St. Baldrick's Foundation Events on the Space Coast of FL and raising awareness for Childhood Cancer. The St. Baldrick's Foundation is a volunteer-driven charity committed to funding the most promising research to find cures for childhood cancers and give survivors long and healthy lives.
"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has."
-- Margaret Mead
1. Pamaname, 2. For our children’s sake…?, 3. MUNDO_UNO, 4. Caught in the act..., 5. Passing On Wisdom, 6. le idee sono colori, 7. Fish boy, 8. enjoying the story, 9. Hop Skip, 10. Untitled, 11. Taheerah, 12. Untitled, 13. Habib Koite and Bamada, 14. Mahamadou Kone of Bamada, 15. Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 16. Funny, I woke up craving liver, 17. Lee & Valencia, 18. they should call it Coldorado, 19. Woman in Myanmar, 20. Queens, NY, 21. Dragonfly Zen Are Moments Of Magic Dsc03654, 22. U. Utah Phillips at the 2006 Kate Wolf Festival, 23. Closet Accordion Player ~ Barrybar, 24. L'imam de la mosquée, 25. the jaguar dance
Created with fd's Flickr Toys.
This German lady is very committed in saving street dogs and had organised the local event (medical check and castration for the dogs)
"Eyes of the Afghan Hound". Author: Katsume Azusa
Michiko and Aizawa and was on a trip to the site of the murder committed 12 years ago. Quietly, to the residential development area of Kagoshima ash continues down for ever. Two people who together kill the lover of Michiko. At the time, share a secret, and of the strong ties, spent a thick night like crazy. However, long years has carved a deep groove between a man and a woman. This journey, but was to get back the crush fiery those days. .... Breathing hot men and women trailing a wounded soul. Like come hear. Masterpiece collection of romance novels.
ABOUT THIS PROJECT
www.kickstarter.com/projects/1778447456/the-richter-co-20...
Hi, we’re Mario Guajardo and Teal Thompson! We are a couple looking to fund the rest of our Richter Co. 2012 Casual Americana Collection (Made in The U.S.A.). The Richter Co. is a clothing brand based in San Antonio, Texas. In order to finish our 2012 Collection, we need to purchase an industrial sewing machine, bring our manufacturing in-house by contracting on-site seamstresses, and buy the fabric for our Infinity Scarves, Women and Men's Modern Fit T-Shirts, and Men's Modern Fit Button Downs.
With this Project, we are committed to bringing you high quality products, made right here in the U.S.A.!!! Our Kickstarter Campaign will also help to revitalize downtown San Antonio by reigniting the passion for an industry that was once vibrant and thriving here (clothing manufacturing). Instead of manufacturing overseas, it’s important for us to offer you local, sustainable, everyday products that you look great in and are proud to wear.
Thank you for your support in helping us to complete our Richter Co. 2012 Casual Americana Collection.
With gratitude,
Mario + Teal
St Baldricks Brevard at The Avenue Viera by commercial photographer Rich Johnson of Spectacle Photo. Dedicated to the St. Baldrick's Foundation Events on the Space Coast of FL and raising awareness for Childhood Cancer. The St. Baldrick's Foundation is a volunteer-driven charity committed to funding the most promising research to find cures for childhood cancers and give survivors long and healthy lives.
U.S. Army Garrison Japan hosted “Bring Your Kids to Work Day” on July 25 on the Camp Zama, Sagamihara Family Housing Area, Sagami General Depot and Yokohama North Dock installations. Nearly 50 families participated in the event. The event provided an opportunity for school-age children of USAG-Japan employees to observe their parents’ work environment and understand their duties and responsibilities. (U.S. Army photos by Yuichi Imada)
About the United States Army Garrison Japan:
The United States Army Garrison Japan and its 16 supported installation sites are located in the island of Honshu and Okinawa in Japan. The USAG Japan mission is to support the Headquarters, U.S. Army Japan / I Corps (fwd) to ensure mission readiness and the quality of life of the Army community in a sustainable, transforming joint and combined environment.
The USAG-J area of responsibility spans 1,500 miles from north to south of Japan. Camp Zama, home for both HQ USARJ and USAG-J is located approximately 25 miles southwest of Tokyo in the cities of Zama and Sagamihara in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The Camp Zama base cluster includes Sagamihara Housing Area and Sagami General Depot.
Akasaka Press Center is located in the center of Tokyo. The Akizuki/Kure area near Hiroshima is an ammunition depot. Yokohama North Dock is a port facility in the city of Yokohama, a major commerce port and a popular shopping area. USAG Torii Station is located 980 miles southwest of Camp Zama on the island of Okinawa.
We are the Army's home in Japan and the "Garrison of Choice" for Soldiers, Civilians and their Family members. We are committed in becoming the leader in the U.S. Army Installation Management Command by providing world-class installation services.
-----
To learn more about USAG Japan, please visit:
Official Website - www.usagj.jp.pac.army.mil
Facebook - www.facebook.com/usagj
Flickr - www.flickr.com/usagj
YouTube - www.youtube.com/usagjapan
Vimeo - www.vimeo.com/usagj
Twitter - www.twitter.com/usagjapan
Slideshare - www.slideshare.net/usagj
Jan Anderson, a committed Detroiter and poet, graciously collaborated with us on a projection series where she recited her poetry about Detroit. Text of the recited poems follows:
WHEN THE PEOPLE LEAVE
When the people leave
The siege begins,
And the windows fall
And the halls are spooked
And the roof rots
And the lot vacates
And the placated defacate
Until the weeds stand tall
And the ghetto palms appear
And the tears depart
And the garden grows
In the people’s hardened hearts.
DEATH IN THE FAMILY
Detroit sits motionless
Like a daughter with her mother’s lifeless body.
The place is a chamber eerily apart from space and time
A ball of light hovering above a hole.
Two forms unable to inhale the next moment or
To cling together to fill the hollow.
Only in perfect still can the echo of being still be felt
So the daughter turns to stone like the mound of clay on the table before her.
The corpse must be returned to the soil
Before energy can again be found –
The heat between them forging iron to last
Until she too is a mound bereft of anything.
Detroit is still
Like a mountain blocking the sun.
A cavern is inside, precious metals in sum.
But our loss is its loss
Such is the formlessness of grief that it blankets all things
The nothingness before it is a vacuum
Into which vitality is slowly drawn –
Such is the black hole of tragedy that all material is reformed.
When our lifeless generation is duly mourned and returned to the ages,
New life will be formed
And there will no weeping, no striking out,
Only the duty of remembering in a city that is no longer an innocent child.
THE LAST PACKARD COMPANY MAN
As a lover he didn’t read minds or chart the heart’s inner terrain with his hands.
Those hands were working hands, greasy leathery tools.
Steel was the vessel of his spirit, and everything he touched became this sort of flesh.
The last Packard Company man lived to work,
Strove to be a cog in the great machine.
His shift was the prayer that sanctified him to his wife and children,
Made them believe in God.
The City’s Committee on Plant Closings asked him who he was
and he told them that he fought two great wars building the planes that brought death to the first and second global conflicts.
The heat that forges memory is the same that bends metal.
What does a soldier do after the war is lost?
Is honor found in the hands or in the heart?
Is faith the whole, or only part?
Do you believe because it’s in your head, or is belief an act of defiance instead?
1986 World Cup Final. Azteca Stadium, Mexico. 29th June, 1986. Argentina 3 v West Germany 2. Argentina's Diego Maradona goes around West Germany's goalkeeper Harald Schumacher and defender Karl Heinz Foerster.
After Compliments,
Dear Prospective Student,
Academy of Art & Design offers several professional courses in art, design and allied fields. We are committed to providing our students with quality & professional educational experience. Many opportunities to enhance your education are provided beyond the traditional classroom experience. You'll have the opportunity to participate in profession related organizations, specialized workshops, guest lectures, field trips, and study programs.
Selecting a career in ART & DESIGN can be the correct choice for you if you desire to be in a creative field that combines artistic abilities with technical knowledge and skills.
These are exhilarating times. Life moves fast and is ever-changing. Everyday we are bombarded with information and images that stimulates and energizes our imagination. In this exciting climate, design professionals are being called upon to bring order to the environments that we experience daily-the places we live, work and play. Academy of Art & Design is devoted to preparing students and professionals to respond and compete in this expanding field. This is an exciting time. You are on the threshold of an important decision. Clearly one of the most important decisions that you'll ever have to make. Your " CAREER."
We have also started short-term professional courses, which may be of your interest. You can take admission in any of our professional course and avail the best education in the field. We recommend that you apply early no matter what course you are interested. Call on 9987002023 / 2771 4343 to discuss getting started today or for further details, SMS your name & email id on 9892521443.
Our expert core faculties :
Prof. Salam Khan, Director - Interior Design & Space Management - Responsible for achieving the set target and developing new designs & layouts. He is a visiting lecturer at L. S. Raheja School of Architecture (Bandra), Istituti Callegari Milano (Chandivali), INIFD (Bandra), Garodia School of Professional Studies (Ghatkopar), Late Bhau Saheb Hiray College of Architecture (Bandra), S. N. D. T. (Juhu), CKT (Panvel), Bharatiya Vidyapeeth College of Architecture (Belapur) and many more reputed colleges in Mumbai & Navi Mumbai.
Ms. Shabnam Deshmukh, Director – Fashion Design & Technology – Responsible for generating good clientele for our ever growing business. She is a visiting faculty in Indian Fashion Academy (Dadar/Thane), CKT (Panvel), INIFD (Vashi) and many more reputed colleges in Mumbai & Navi Mumbai.
Kindly check our Academys details on :
www.facebook.com/academyofartanddesign
labs.google.co.in/smschannels/subscribe/DesignEducation
www.lsraheja.com/architecture/faculty.asp
Sincerely,
Ms. S. Deshmukh. - 9987002023
(Director - Academy of Art & Design )
Creative Educational & Charitable Trust’s (Govt. Regd.)
Academy of Art & Design (Govt. Regd.)
College of Fashion Design & Interior Design
C-212, 2nd Floor, Nerul Railway Station Complex,
Nerul (E), Navi Mumbai – 400706.
Tel. : +91 22 27714343 Cell. : +91 9987002023
Email : academyenquiry@yahoo.com
Website : www.designcareer.in
www.facebook.com/academyofartanddesign
Office Timings : All 7 Days of the week from 10 am to 6:30 pm
UGC Govt. of India Approved Degree Offered :
Bachelor of Science in Interior Design (3 Years)
Bachelor of Science in Fashion Design (3 Years)
Autonomous Professional Diploma Courses Offered :
Department of Interior Design & Space Management :
3 Years Professional Diploma in Interior Designing & Space Management
2 Years Advance Diploma in Interior Designing & Decoration.
1 Year Diploma in Interior Designing.
Department of Fashion Design & Apparel Management :
3 Years Professional Diploma in Fashion Designing & Apparel Management
2 Years Advance Diploma in Fashion Designing & Technology.
1 Year Diploma in Fashion Designing.
3 Months Certificate in Fashion Tailoring
3 Months Diploma in Fashion Tailoring
JOINT BASE PEARL HARBOR-HICKAM, Hawaii (May 14, 2013) Donald Green, a Pearl Harbor survivor and USS Pyro (AE1) Sailor, was remembered in a sunrise ceremony in which his ashes were committed into the waters of Pearl Harbor near the Arizona Memorial. Rear Adm. Frank Caldwell, commander of Submarine Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet, his wife Kim and Chaplain Cmdr. Jeffrey Logan helped honor Green by presiding over the ceremony. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Steven Khor/Released)
B.C. is committed to going green. More than 130 UBCM delegates crowded the room for a Green Communities plenary session where they heard from Ida Chong, Minister of Community, Sport and Cultural Development, former Premier Mike Harcourt of Quality Urban Energy Systems of Tomorrow, as well as representatives from the District of Elkford, Port Coquitlam and Dawson Creek.
179 of B.C.'s local governments, including the Islands Trust, have signed the Climate Action Charter and are working towards becoming carbon neutral. Whistler and Harrison Hot Springs are leading by example, having already achieved carbon neutrality in their operations.
From left: Greg Moore, Mayor of POCO, and Corien Speaker, CAO, District of Elkford.
Chittorgarh Fort (Hindi/Rajasthani: चित्तौड दुर्ग Chittorgarh Durg) is the largest fort in India and the grandest in the state of Rajasthan. It is a World Heritage Site. The fort, plainly known as Chittor, was the capital of Mewar and is today situated several kilometres south of Bhilwara. It was initially ruled by Guhilot and later by Sisodias, the Suryavanshi clans of Chattari Rajputs, from the 7th century, until it was finally abandoned in 1568 after the siege by Emperor Akbar in 1567. It sprawls majestically over a hill 180 m in height spread over an area of 280 ha above the plains of the valley drained by the Berach River. The fort precinct with an evocative history is studded with a series of historical palaces, gates, temples and two prominent commemoration towers. These monumental ruins have inspired the imagination of tourists and writers for centuries.
The fort was sacked three times between the 15th and 16th centuries; in 1303 Allauddin Khilji defeated Rana Ratan Singh, in 1535 Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat defeated Bikramjeet Singh and in 1567 Emperor Akbar defeated Maharana Udai Singh II who left the fort and founded Udaipur. Each time the men fought bravely rushing out of the fort walls charging the enemy but lost every time. Following these defeats, Jauhar was committed thrice by more than 13,000 ladies and children of the Rajput heroes who laid their lives in battles at Chittorgarh Fort, first led by Rani Padmini wife of Rana Rattan Singh who was killed in the battle in 1303, and later by Rani Karnavati in 1537 AD.
Thus, the fort represents the quintessence of tribute to the nationalism, courage, medieval chivalry and sacrifice exhibited by the Mewar rulers of Sisodia and their kinsmen and women and children, between the 7th and 16th centuries. The rulers, their soldiers, the women folk of royalty and the commoners considered death as a better option than dishonor in the face of surrender to the foreign invading armies.
GEOGRAPHY
Chittorgarh, located in the southern part of the state of Rajasthan, 233 km from Ajmer, midway between Delhi and Mumbai on the National Highway 8 (India) in the road network of Golden Quadrilateral. Chittorgarh is situated where National Highways No. 76 & 79 intersect.
The fort rises abruptly above the surrounding plains and is spread over an area of 2.8 km2. The highest elevation at the fort is 1,075 m. It is situated on the left bank of the Berach river (a tributary of the Banas River) and is linked to the new town of Chittorgarh (known as the 'Lower Town') developed in the plains after 1568 AD when the fort was deserted in light of introduction of artillery in the 16th century, and therefore the capital was shifted to more secure Udaipur, located on the eastern flank of Aravalli hill range. Mughal Emperor Akbar attacked and sacked this fort which was but one of the 84 forts of Mewar,but the capital was shifted to Aravalli hills where heavy artillery & cavalry were not effective. A winding hill road of more than 1 km length from the new town leads to the west end main gate, called Ram Pol, of the fort. Within the fort, a circular road provides access to all the gates and monuments located within the fort walls.
The fort that once boasted of 84 water bodies has only 22 of them now. These water bodies are fed by natural catchment and rainfall, and have a combined storage of 4 billion litres that could meet the water needs of an army of 50,000. The supply could last for four years. These water bodies are in the form of ponds, wells and step wells.
HISTORY
Chittorgarh Fort is considered to be the largest fort of India in terms of area. It is stated that the fort was constructed by the Mauryans during the 7th century AD and hence derives its name after the Mauryan ruler, Chitrangada Mori, as inscribed on coins of the period. Historical records show Chittorgarh fort as the capital of Mewar for 834 years. It was established in 734 AD by Bappa Rawal, founder ruler in the hierarchy of the Sisodia rulers of Mewar. It is also said that the fort was gifted to Bappa Rawal as part of Solanki princess’s dowry in the 8th century. The fort was looted and destroyed at the hands of Emperor Akbar in 1568 AD and subsequently never resettled but only refurbished in 1905 AD. Three important battles were fought for control of the fort; in 1303, Ala-ud-din Khilji besieged the fort; in 1535, Sultan of Gujarat Bahadur Shah besieged the fort; and in 1568, Mughal Emperor Akbar attacked the fort. Not that there were only defeats at the fort. Excluding the periods of siege, the fort had always remained in possession of the Sisodias of the Guhilot (or Gehlot/Guhila) clan of Rajputs, who descended from Bappa Rawal. There were also success stories of establishment of the fort and its reconstruction after every siege, before it was finally abandoned in 1568, all of which are narrated.
Chittor is cited in the Mahabharat epic. It is said that Bhima, the second of the Pandava brothers of Epic Mahabaharata fame, known for his mighty strength gave a powerful hit with his fist to the ground that resulted in water springing up to form a large reservoir. It is called Bhimlat kund, an artificial tank named after Bhima. Folk legend also mentions that Bhima started building the fort.
BAPPA RAWAL
The earliest history linked to the Bappa Rawal's fort is that of the Huna Kingdom of Sialkot (of Mihir Kula 515-540 AD) that was destroyed by Yashodharman. This was subsequently seized by a new dynasty of kshatriyas called Tak or Taxaka. According to historians, the Taxak Mori were the lords of Chittor from a very early period. After a few generations, the Guhilots supplanted them. From 725 to 735 AD, there were numerous defenders who appear to have considered the cause of Chittor their own, the Tak from Asirgarh. This race appears to have retained possession of Asirgarh for at least two centuries after this event and one of its chieftain Bappa Rawal was the most conspicuous leader in the lineage of Prithvi Raj. In the poems of Chandar he is called the "Standard, bearer, Tak of Asir."
SIEGE OF 1303
Ala ud din Khilji, Sultan of Delhi, rallied his forces against Mewar, in 1303 AD. The Chittorgarh fort was till then considered impregnable and grand, atop a natural hill. But his immediate reason for invading the fort was his obsessive desire to capture Rani Padmini, the unrivalled beautiful queen of Rana Ratan Singh and take her into his harem. The Rana, out of politeness, allowed the Khilji to view Padmini through a set of mirrors. But this viewing of Padmini further fired Khilji’s desire to possess her. After the viewing, as a gesture of courtesy, when the Rana accompanied the Sultan to the outer gate, he was treacherously captured. Khilji conveyed to the queen that the Rana would be released only if she agreed to join his harem. But the queen had other plans. She agreed to go to his camp if permitted to go in a Royal style with an entourage, in strict secrecy. Instead of her going, she sent 700 well armed soldiers disguised in litters and they rescued the Rana and took him to the fort. But Khilji chased them to the fort where a fierce battle ensued at the outer gate of the fort in which the Rajput soldiers were overpowered and the Rana was killed. Khilji won the battle on August 26, 1303. Soon thereafter, instead of surrendering to the Sultan, the royal Rajput ladies led by Rani Padmini preferred to die through the Rajput’s ultimate tragic rite of Jauhar (self immolation on a pyre). In revenge, Khilji killed thirty thousand Hindus. He entrusted the fort to his son Khizr Khan to rule and renamed the fort as 'Khizrabad'. He also showered gifts on his son by way of
a red canopy, a robe embroidered with gold and two standards one green and the other black and threw upon him rubies and emeralds.
He returned to Delhi after the fierce battle at the fort.
RANA HAMMIR & SUCCESSORS
Khizr Khan’s rule at the fort lasted till 1311 AD and due to the pressure of Rajputs he was forced to entrust power to the Sonigra chief Maldeva who held the fort for 7 years. Hammir Singh, usurped control of the fort from Maldeva by “treachery and intrigue” and Chittor once again regained its past glory. Hammir, before his death in 1364 AD, had converted Mewar into a fairly large and prosperous kingdom. The dynasty (and clan) fathered by him came to be known by the name Sisodia after the village where he was born. His son Ketra Singh succeeded him and ruled with honour and power. Ketra Singh’s son Lakha who ascended the throne in 1382 AD also won several wars. His famous grandson Rana Kumbha came to the throne in 1433 AD and by that time the Muslim rulers of Malwa and Gujarat had acquired considerable clout and were keen to usurp the powerful Mewar state.
RANA KUMBHA & CLAN
There was resurgence during the reign of Rana Kumbha in the 15th century. Rana Kumbha, also known as Maharana Kumbhakarna, son of Rana Mokal, ruled Mewar between 1433 AD and 1468 AD. He is credited with building up the Mewar kingdom assiduously as a force to reckon with. He built 32 forts (84 fortresses formed the defense of Mewar) including one in his own name, called Kumbalgarh. But his end came in 1468 AD at the hands of his own son Rana Udaysimha (Uday Singh I) who assassinated him to gain the throne of Mewar. This patricide was not appreciated by the people of Mewar and consequently his brother Rana Raimal assumed the reins of power in 1473. After his death in May 1509, Sangram Singh (also known as Rana Sanga), his youngest son, became the ruler of Mewar, which brought in a new phase in the history of Mewar. Rana Sanga, with support from Medini Rai (a Rajput chief of Alwar), fought a valiant battle against Mughal emperor Babar at Khanwa in 1527. He ushered in a period of prestige to Chittor by defeating the rulers of Gujarat and also effectively interfered in the matters of Idar. He also won small areas of the Delhi territory. In the ensuing battle with Ibrahim Lodi, Rana won and acquired some districts of Malwa. He also defeated the combined might of Sultan Muzaffar of Gujarat and the Sultan of Malwa. By 1525 AD, Rana Sanga had developed Chittor and Mewar, by virtue of great intellect, valour and his sword, into a formidable military state. But in a decisive battle that was fought against Babar on March 16, 1527, the Rajput army of Rana Sanga suffered a terrible defeat and Sanga escaped to one of his fortresses. But soon thereafter in another attack on the Chanderi fort the valiant Rana Sanga died and with his death the Rajput confederacy collapsed.
SIEGE OF 1534
Bahadur Shah who came to the throne in 1526 AD as the Sultan of Gujarat besieged the Chittorgarh fort in 1534. The fort was sacked and, once again the medieval dictates of chivalry determined the outcome. Following the defeat of the Rana, it is said 13,000 Rajput women committed jauhar (self immolation on the funeral pyre) and 3,200 Rajput warriors rushed out of the fort to fight and die.
SIEGE OF 1567
The final Siege of Chittorgarh came 33 years later, in 1567, when the Mughal Emperor Akbar invaded the fort. Akbar wanted to conquer Mewar, which was being ably ruled by Rana Uday Singh II, a fine prince of Mewar. To establish himself as the supreme lord of Northern India, he wanted to capture the renowned fortress of Chittor, as a precursor to conquering the whole of India. Shakti Singh, son of the Rana who had quarreled with his father, had run away and approached Akbar when the later had camped at Dholpur preparing to attack Malwa. During one of these meetings, in August 1567, Shakti Singh came to know from a remark made in jest by emperor Akbar that he was intending to wage war against Chittor. Akbar had told Shakti Singh in jest that since his father had not submitted himself before him like other princes and chieftains of the region he would attack him. Startled by this revelation, Shakti Singh quietly rushed back to Chittor and informed his father of the impending invasion by Akbar. Akbar was furious with the departure of Shakti Singh and decided to attack Mewar to humble the arrogance of the Ranas. In September 1567, the emperor left for Chittor, and on October 20, 1567, camped in the vast plains outside the fort. In the meantime, Rana Udai Singh, on the advice of his council of advisors, decided to go away from Chittor to the hills of Udaipur. Jaimal and Patta, two brave army chieftains of Mewar, were left behind to defend the fort along with 8,000 Rajput warriors under their command. Akbar laid siege to the fortress. The Rajput army fought valiantly and Akbar himself had narrowly escaped death. In this grave situation, Akbar had prayed for divine help for achieving victory and vowed to visit the shrine of the sufi saint Khwaja at Ajmer. The battle continued till February 23, 1568. On that day Jaymal was seriously wounded but he continued to fight with support from Patta. Jayamal ordered jauhar to be performed when many beautiful princesses of Mewar and noble matrons committed self-immolation at the funeral pyre. Next day the gates of the fort were opened and Rajput soldiers rushed out bravely to fight the enemies. Jayamal and Patta who fought bravely were at last killed in action. One figure estimates that 30,000 soldiers were killed in action. Akbar immediately repaired himself to Ajmer to perform his religious vow.
RETURN OF THE FORT TO MEWAR
But in 1616, Jehangir returned Chittor fort to the Rajputs, when Maharana Amar Singh was the chief of Mewar. However, the fort was not resettled though it was refurbished several centuries later in 1905 during British Raj.
PRECINCTS
The fort which is roughly in the shape of a fish has a circumference of 13 km with a maximum width of 3 km and it covers an area of 700 acres. The fort is approached through a zig zag and difficult ascent of more than 1 km from the plains, after crossing over a bridge made in limestone. The bridge spans the Gambhiri River and is supported by ten arches (one has a curved shape while the balance have pointed arches). Apart from the two tall towers, which dominate the majestic fortifications, the sprawling fort has a plethora of palaces and temples (many of them in ruins) within its precincts.
The 305 hectares component site, with a buffer zone of 427 hectares, encompasses the fortified stronghold of Chittorgarh, a spacious fort located on an isolated rocky plateau of approximately 2 km length and 155m width.
It is surrounded by a perimeter wall 4.5 kilometres long, beyond which a 45° hill slope makes it almost inaccessible to enemies. The ascent to the fort passes through seven gateways built by the Mewar ruler Rana Kumbha (1433- 1468) of the Sisodia clan. These gates are called, from the base to the hill top, the Paidal Pol, Bhairon Pol, Hanuman Pol, Ganesh Pol, Jorla Pol, Laxman Pol, and Ram Pol, the final and main gate.
The fort complex comprises 65 historic built structures, among them 4 palace complexes, 19 main temples, 4 memorials and 20 functional water bodies. These can be divided into two major construction phases. The first hill fort with one main entrance was established in the 5th century and successively fortified until the 12th century. Its remains are mostly visible on the western edges of the plateau. The second, more significant defence structure was constructed in the 15th century during the reign of the Sisodia Rajputs, when the royal entrance was relocated and fortified with seven gates, and the medieval fortification wall was built on an earlier wall construction from the 13th century.
Besides the palace complex, located on the highest and most secure terrain in the west of the fort, many of the other significant structures, such as the Kumbha Shyam Temple, the Mira Bai Temple, the Adi Varah Temple, the Shringar Chauri Temple, and the Vijay Stambh memorial were constructed in this second phase. Compared to the later additions of Sisodian rulers during the 19th and 20th centuries, the predominant construction phase illustrates a comparatively pure Rajput style combined with minimal eclecticism, such as the vaulted substructures which were borrowed from Sultanate architecture. The 4.5 km walls with integrated circular enforcements are constructed from dressed stone masonry in lime mortar and rise 500m above the plain. With the help of the seven massive stone gates, partly flanked by hexagonal or octagonal towers, the access to the fort is restricted to a narrow pathway which climbs up the steep hill through successive, ever narrower defence passages. The seventh and final gate leads directly into the palace area, which integrates a variety of residential and official structures. Rana Kumbha Mahal, the palace of Rana Kumbha, is a large Rajput domestic structure and now incorporates the Kanwar Pade Ka Mahal (the palace of the heir) and the later palace of the poetess Mira Bai (1498-1546). The palace area was further expanded in later centuries, when additional structures, such as the Ratan Singh Palace (1528–31) or the Fateh Prakash, also named Badal Mahal (1885-1930), were added. Although the majority of temple structures represent the Hindu faith, most prominently the Kalikamata Temple (8th century), the Kshemankari Temple (825-850) the Kumbha Shyam Temple (1448) or the Adbuthnath Temple (15th- 16th century), the hill fort also contains Jain temples, such as Shringar Chauri (1448) and Sat Bis Devri (mid-15th century) Also the two tower memorials, Kirti Stambh (13th-14th century) and Vijay Stambha (1433-1468), are Jain monuments. They stand out with their respective heights of 24m and 37m, which ensure their visibility from most locations of the fort complex. Finally, the fort compound is home to a contemporary municipal ward of approximately 3,000 inhabitants, which is located near Ratan Singh Tank at the northern end of the property.
GATES
The fort has total seven gates (in local language, gate is called Pol), namely the Padan Pol, Bhairon Pol, Hanuman Pol, Ganesh Pol, Jodla Pol, Laxman Pol and the main gate named the Ram Pol (Lord Rama's Gate). All the gateways to the fort have been built as massive stone structures with secure fortifications for military defense. The doors of the gates with pointed arches are reinforced to fend off elephants and cannon shots. The top of the gates have notched parapets for archers to shoot at the enemy army. A circular road within the fort links all the gates and provides access to the numerous monuments (ruined palaces and 130 temples) in the fort.
During the second siege, Prince Bagh Singh died at the Padan Pol in 1535 AD. Prince Jaimal of Badnore and his clansman Kalla were killed by Akbar at a location between the Bhairon Pol and Hanuman Pol in the last siege of the fort in 1567 (Kalla carried the wounded Jaimal out to fight). Chhatris, with the roof supported by corbeled arches, have been built to commemorate the spots of their sacrifice. Their statues have also been erected, at the orders of Emperor Akbar, to commemorate their valiant deaths. At each gate, cenotaphs of Jaimal (in the form of a statue of a Rajput warrior on horseback) and Patta have also been constructed. At Ram Pol, the entrance gate to the fort, a Chaatri was built in memory of the 15 year old Patta of Kelwa, who had lost his father in battle, and saw the sword yielding mother and wife on the battle field who fought valiantly and died at this gate. He led the saffron robed Rajput warriors, who all died fighting for Mewar’s honour. Suraj Pol (Sun Gate) provides entry to the eastern wall of the fort. On the right of Suraj Pol is the Darikhana or Sabha (council chamber) behind which lie a Ganesha temple and the zenana (living quarters for women). A massive water reservoir is located towards the left of Suraj Pol. There is also a peculiar gate, called the Jorla Pol (Joined Gate), which consists of two gates joined together. The upper arch of Jorla Pol is connected to the base of Lakshman Pol. It is said that this feature has not been noticed anywhere else in India. The Lokota Bari is the gate at the fort’s northern tip, while a small opening that was used to hurl criminals into the abyss is seen at the southern end.
VIJAY STAMBHA
The Vijay Stambha (Tower of Victory) or Jaya Stambha, called the symbol of Chittor and a particularly bold expression of triumph, was erected by Rana Kumbha between 1458 and 1468 to commemorate his victory over Mahmud Shah I Khalji, the Sultan of Malwa, in 1440 AD. Built over a period of ten years, it raises 37.2 metres over a 4.4 m2 base in nine stories accessed through a narrow circular staircase of 157 steps (the interior is also carved) up to the 8th floor, from where there is good view of the plains and the new town of Chittor. The dome, which was a later addition, was damaged by lightning and repaired during the 19th century. The Stamba is now illuminated during the evenings and gives a beautiful view of Chittor from the top.
KIRTI STAMBHA
Kirti Stambha (Tower of Fame) is a 22 metres high tower built on a 9.1 m base with 4.6 m at the top, is adorned with Jain sculptures on the outside and is older (probably 12th century) and smaller than the Victory Tower. Built by a Bagherwal Jain merchant Jijaji Rathod, it is dedicated to Adinath, the first Jain tirthankar (revered Jain teacher). In the lowest floor of the tower, figures of the various tirthankars of the Jain pantheon are seen in special niches formed to house them. These are digambara monuments. A narrow stairway with 54 steps leads through the six storeys to the top. The top pavilion that was added in the 15th century has 12 columns.
RANA KUMBHA PALACE
At the entrance gate near the Vijaya Stamba, Rana Kumbha's palace (in ruins), the oldest monument, is located. The palace included elephant and horse stables and a temple to Lord Shiva. Maharana Udai Singh, the founder of Udaipur, was born here; the popular folk lore linked to his birth is that his maid Panna DaiPanna Dhai saved him by substituting her son in his place as a decoy, which resulted in her son getting killed by Banbir. The prince was spirited away in a fruit basket. The palace is built with plastered stone. The remarkable feature of the palace is its splendid series of canopied balconies. Entry to the palace is through Suraj Pol that leads into a courtyard. Rani Meera, the famous poetess saint, also lived in this palace. This is also the palace where Rani Padmini, consigned herself to the funeral pyre in one of the underground cellars, as an act of jauhar along with many other women. The Nau Lakha Bandar (literal meaning: nine lakh treasury) building, the royal treasury of Chittor was also located close by. Now, across from the palace is a museum and archeological office. The Singa Chowri temple is also nearby.
FATEH PRAKASH PALACE
Located near Rana Khumba palace, built by Rana Fateh Singh, the precincts have modern houses and a small museum. A school for local children (about 5,000 villagers live within the fort) is also nearby.
GAUMUKH RESERVOIR
A spring feeds the tank from a carved cow’s mouth in the cliff. This pool was the main source of water at the fort during the numerous sieges.
PADMINI´S PALACE
Padmini's Palace or Rani Padmini's Palace is a white building and a three storied structure (a 19th-century reconstruction of the original). It is located in the southern part of the fort. Chhatris (pavilions) crown the palace roofs and a water moat surrounds the palace. This style of palace became the forerunner of other palaces built in the state with the concept of Jal Mahal (palace surrounded by water). It is at this Palace where Alauddin was permitted to glimpse the mirror image of Rani Padmini, wife of Maharana Rattan Singh. It is widely believed that this glimpse of Padmini's beauty besotted him and convinced him to destroy Chittor in order to possess her. Maharana Rattan Singh was killed and Rani Padmini committed Jauhar. Rani Padmini's beauty has been compared to that of Cleopatra and her life story is an eternal legend in the history of Chittor. The bronze gates to this pavilion were removed and transported to Agra by Akbar.
OTHER SIGHTS
Close to Kirti Sthamba is the Meera Temple, or the Meerabai Temple. Rana Khumba built it in an ornate Indo–Aryan architectural style. It is associated with the mystic saint-poet Mirabai who was an ardent devotee of Lord Krishna and dedicated her entire life to His worship. She composed and sang lyrical bhajans called Meera Bhajans. The popular legend associated with her is that with blessings of Krishna, she survived after consuming poison sent to her by her evil brother-in-law. The larger temple in the same compound is the Kumbha Shyam Temple (Varaha Temple). The pinnacle of the temple is in pyramid shape. A picture of Meerabai praying before Krishna has now been installed in the temple.
Across from Padmini’s Palace is the Kalika Mata Temple. Originally, a Sun Temple dated to the 8th century dedicated to Surya (the Sun God) was destroyed in the 14th century. It was rebuilt as a Kali temple.
Another temple on the west side of the fort is the ancient Goddess Tulja Bhavani Temple built to worship Goddess Tulja Bhavani is considered sacred. The Tope Khana (cannon foundry) is located next to this temple in a courtyard, where a few old cannons are still seen.
JAUHAR MELA
The fort and the city of Chittorgarh host the biggest Rajput festival called the "Jauhar Mela". It takes place annually on the anniversary of one of the jauhars, but no specific name has been given to it. It is generally believed that it commemorates Padmini’s jauhar, which is most famous. This festival is held primarily to commemorate the bravery of Rajput ancestors and all three jauhars which happened at Chittorgarh Fort. A huge number of Rajputs, which include the descendants of most of the princely families, hold a procession to celebrate the Jauhar. It has also become a forum to air one's views on the current political situation in the country.
WIKIPEDIA
We are committed to this project as our shop car. We are under the process of conducting the following:
-S52 engine swap
-body work (wrap/repaint, body kit, etc.)
-suspension (Lead Tech, Jason will be making one for this project)
-Tires/Rims
and we are open to suggestions, give us your feedback here or under the "Review" tab on our fan page www.facebook.com/brianjesselautohaus
Stay tuned for the latest updates on our launch party, and many exciting events.
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Read Coventry City Council's 2016/17 End of Year Performance report online at smarturl.it/CovPerf1617
Highway maintenance has improved, with increased public satisfaction for speed and quality of repair. The number of potholes reported has also reduced.
Fly-tipping has increased, which may be due to a combination of easier reporting, reduced enforcement action and increased disposal fees.
The city continues to have low rates of recycling for household waste and the recent growth in volume has seen a greater proportion sent to the waste-to-energy incinerator or to landfill.
Crime rates have gone up in the city, as has happened across the region. However, the city continues to have lower crime rates than Birmingham and Wolverhampton and the rate of increase has been lower than these areas.
There has been a decrease in the number of repeat incidents of domestic violence, suggesting that the support provided by the police and partner agencies and the management of repeat offenders is having an impact.
Coventry’s schools have made good progress, with primary schools being better than average and secondary schools having closed much of the gap and are more similar to comparator areas but there remain challenges to reach our target of being at or above the national average.
Healthy life expectancy is increasing. More adults are physically active. However, there are still challenges around levels of smoking and increasing rates of child obesity.
Children’s social care have seen fewer re-referrals and fewer children re-entering care. The recent Ofsted inspection highlighted the progress made, moving from ‘inadequate’ to ‘requires improvement’.
More adults using social care are receiving self-directed support and more people are receiving direct payments. Additionally, the number of regulated services rated as inadequate has reduced and more adult social care service users feel the service makes them feel safe.
We are committed to this project as our shop car. We are under the process of conducting the following:
-S52 engine swap
-body work (wrap/repaint, body kit, etc.)
-suspension (Lead Tech, Jason will be making one for this project)
-Tires/Rims
and we are open to suggestions, give us your feedback here or under the "Review" tab on our fan page www.facebook.com/brianjesselautohaus
Stay tuned for the latest updates on our launch party, and many exciting events.
Also a chance to vote and win prizes throughout the building process.
We are committed to this project as our shop car. We are under the process of conducting the following:
-S52 engine swap
-body work (wrap/repaint, body kit, etc.)
-suspension (Lead Tech, Jason will be making one for this project)
-Tires/Rims
and we are open to suggestions, give us your feedback here or under the "Review" tab on our fan page www.facebook.com/brianjesselautohaus
Stay tuned for the latest updates on our launch party, and many exciting events.
Also a chance to vote and win prizes throughout the building process.
Elgin-Ayers Farm
Warren, Clarke and Adair Counties
Operation: The Elgin-Ayers Farm has operated 700 acres for 68 years; 10% row crops, 90% pasture, plus 25 acres timber. Since the beginning of her taking over the farm, Cathy has been committed to, and a strong believer in, the CRP program. Throughout the years, Cathy has been focused on what is the best use/most responsible way to use her land going so far as to not rent land that was better NOT farmed in some cases. She is focused on keeping the land healthy for future generations.
Practices: Non-Cost Share - Soil fertility samples are collected every three years. Pasture is used by cow/calf pairs from April through October. The number of animal units are restricted to prevent overgrazing. Cost-Share - There is 160 acres in CRP (pollinator habitat).
Leadership: Cathy is on the Board of Directors for the Iowa Women of Agriculture. She serves as a Warren SWCD Commissioner and is Conservation Districts of Iowa Region 6 Director. In 2016, Cathy was one of eight women recognized by the Iowa State University Extension and Outreach program "Women Impacting the Land". Cathy is a lifetime member of FFA alumni and has judged at the district, state and national level for FFA.
After Compliments,
Dear Prospective Student,
Academy of Art & Design offers several professional courses in art, design and allied fields. We are committed to providing our students with quality & professional educational experience. Many opportunities to enhance your education are provided beyond the traditional classroom experience. You'll have the opportunity to participate in profession related organizations, specialized workshops, guest lectures, field trips, and study programs.
Selecting a career in ART & DESIGN can be the correct choice for you if you desire to be in a creative field that combines artistic abilities with technical knowledge and skills.
These are exhilarating times. Life moves fast and is ever-changing. Everyday we are bombarded with information and images that stimulates and energizes our imagination. In this exciting climate, design professionals are being called upon to bring order to the environments that we experience daily-the places we live, work and play. Academy of Art & Design is devoted to preparing students and professionals to respond and compete in this expanding field. This is an exciting time. You are on the threshold of an important decision. Clearly one of the most important decisions that you'll ever have to make. Your " CAREER."
We have also started short-term professional courses, which may be of your interest. You can take admission in any of our professional course and avail the best education in the field. We recommend that you apply early no matter what course you are interested. Call on 9987002023 / 2771 4343 to discuss getting started today or for further details, SMS your name & email id on 9892521443.
Our expert core faculties :
Prof. Salam Khan, Director - Interior Design & Space Management - Responsible for achieving the set target and developing new designs & layouts. He is a visiting lecturer at L. S. Raheja School of Architecture (Bandra), Istituti Callegari Milano (Chandivali), INIFD (Bandra), Garodia School of Professional Studies (Ghatkopar), Late Bhau Saheb Hiray College of Architecture (Bandra), S. N. D. T. (Juhu), CKT (Panvel), Bharatiya Vidyapeeth College of Architecture (Belapur) and many more reputed colleges in Mumbai & Navi Mumbai.
Ms. Shabnam Deshmukh, Director – Fashion Design & Technology – Responsible for generating good clientele for our ever growing business. She is a visiting faculty in Indian Fashion Academy (Dadar/Thane), CKT (Panvel), INIFD (Vashi) and many more reputed colleges in Mumbai & Navi Mumbai.
Kindly check our Academys details on :
www.facebook.com/academyofartanddesign
labs.google.co.in/smschannels/subscribe/DesignEducation
www.lsraheja.com/architecture/faculty.asp
Sincerely,
Ms. S. Deshmukh. - 9987002023
(Director - Academy of Art & Design )
Creative Educational & Charitable Trust’s (Govt. Regd.)
Academy of Art & Design (Govt. Regd.)
College of Fashion Design & Interior Design
C-212, 2nd Floor, Nerul Railway Station Complex,
Nerul (E), Navi Mumbai – 400706.
Tel. : +91 22 27714343 Cell. : +91 9987002023
Email : academyenquiry@yahoo.com
Website : www.designcareer.in
www.facebook.com/academyofartanddesign
Office Timings : All 7 Days of the week from 10 am to 6:30 pm
UGC Govt. of India Approved Degree Offered :
Bachelor of Science in Interior Design (3 Years)
Bachelor of Science in Fashion Design (3 Years)
Autonomous Professional Diploma Courses Offered :
Department of Interior Design & Space Management :
3 Years Professional Diploma in Interior Designing & Space Management
2 Years Advance Diploma in Interior Designing & Decoration.
1 Year Diploma in Interior Designing.
Department of Fashion Design & Apparel Management :
3 Years Professional Diploma in Fashion Designing & Apparel Management
2 Years Advance Diploma in Fashion Designing & Technology.
1 Year Diploma in Fashion Designing.
3 Months Certificate in Fashion Tailoring
3 Months Diploma in Fashion Tailoring
ODT: path or track
Bath Twp., Akron, Summit County, Ohio
Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer was born on May 21, 1960 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin to Lionel and Joyce Dahmer. Jeffrey was the first born child of two, his brother David was born seven years later. In 1966, the Dahmer family moved to Akron, Ohio because Jeff's father Lionel obtained a job as a chemist. Jeffrey had a relatively normal childhood except for the fact that he was unusually shy. And when he had a surgery for a double hernia, his isolation grew. He also had a fascination for dead animals which was unknown until his trial in 1992 (www.crimelibrary.com). Between the ages of 12 and 14 he actually collected dead animals and would cut them open to see the insides.
During high school Jeffrey had a few friends, received average grades, played tennis and even worked on the school newspaper. When he was eighteen his parents divorced and Jeff stayed with his father while his mother moved away. During that period he took his first victim. After he graduated high school in 1978, Jeffrey took his first victim. Dahmer picked up a hitchhiker named Stephen Hicks in Ohio and killed him later that night by bludgeoning him to death with a barbell.
************************
Chris Butler had a list of “musts” when he went house shopping in 2005 in Summit County, Ohio, near his hometown of Cleveland.
“I had a pretty strict list,” he says. “I play rock ’n’ roll and I was tired of having the neighbors yell at me.” The house needed to have:
● Plenty of space to accommodate his band mates.
● Distance from neighbors, so he could make music without getting angry phone calls.
● Ground-level living quarters, in case his aging mom needed to move in.
It was a tall order in this part of Ohio, outside Akron, where the style is Ralph Lauren and the real-estate market is replete with two-story colonials, Butler recalls.
What's your home worth?
Imagine his happiness, then, when his agent showed him a stunning, 2,000-square foot split-level home atop a rocky hill on a two-acre lot deep in the woods near the town of Bath. The house was a stylish, well-built 1950s specimen, with a flat roof, wrap-around deck and expansive windows overlooking Cuyahoga Valley National Park. The price — $269,000 — seemed ridiculously low.
The other shoe dropped when Butler’s real-estate agent called. The seller’s agent had made an important disclosure: The house had been the childhood home of serial murderer Jeffrey Dahmer and it was there — in 1978, while Dahmer was in his late teens — that he had committed his first murder.
Butler, a native of the region, knew that Dahmer had lived somewhere nearby. But the news that a homicide had happened in this house that he’d fallen in love with was a startling disappointment.
“My initial shock was, ‘I can’t do this,’” he says.
Then he looked at it differently: In a way — an offbeat way — the home’s bizarre and outcast persona resonated with his own. “After I got over it, it was like, ‘I can’t not do this.’ It fits my alternative lifestyle, my musician-artist nature,” he told himself.
He also understood a rule of thumb in the real-estate market: Homes that have a stigma are harder to sell. They spend more time on the market and, when they do sell, it’s usually at a discount. Some are never purchased and the owner must destroy them to recoup any of the value from the property.
The sellers of Dahmer’s childhood home were at a disadvantage, Butler sensed, so he offered even less than the low asking price and purchased the house for $245,000.
Abuse committed by officers of the country’s security forces in the context of social protests must not be left unpunished: www.oas.org/en/iachr/reports/pdfs/Venezuela2018-en.pdf
Campaign on the human rights situation in Venezuela, published along with the interactive site cidh.org/Venezuela in March 2019
Committed for Trial
('THE SUN' CABLE SERVICE.)
LOXDOX. Todav.
A London 'Magistrate- has committed for trial Henry Purkiss and his wife, who are members of the sect known as ''the Peculiar People'' on a charge of the manslaughter of their three-year-old son by neglecting to give him medical help
Evidence revealed that the boy was suffering from diphtheria.
An elder of the sect was called in, and annointed the child's throat with oil in the name of the Lord.
He laid hands on him and prayed for his recovery.
The elder save evidence that the child had previously benefited by his visits - "God honouring His word.''
We are committed to this project as our shop car. We are under the process of conducting the following:
-S52 engine swap
-body work (wrap/repaint, body kit, etc.)
-suspension (Lead Tech, Jason will be making one for this project)
-Tires/Rims
and we are open to suggestions, give us your feedback here or under the "Review" tab on our fan page www.facebook.com/brianjesselautohaus
Stay tuned for the latest updates on our launch party, and many exciting events.
Also a chance to vote and win prizes throughout the building process.
Weston Wineries is committed to cellaring and bottling fun and exciting wines showcasing Wyoming and its Western Heritage. Weston Wineries new tasting room opened on historic Main Street in downtown Sheridan in August, 2016. The tasing room is located in a beautifully restored historic building that was at one time a bank; features include the teller's cage, a patio, and more.
Link:
Main Contact:
John Harrison
Weston Wineries
Owner
P: 307.751.9463
E: john@westonventuresinc.com
122 N Main St.
Sheridan, WY 82801
#SheridanNaturally
#VisitSheridan
#ThatsWY
Photographs © 2016 Flash Parker.
Video by Salvatore Brown.
Sheridan Travel & Tourism:
Welcome to the official Sheridan Travel & Tourism Locations flickr page. For media inquiries, photo requests, or travel information, please email megan@sheridanwyoming.org or call 1(307)673-7120.
All photographs © 2016 Sheridan Travel & Tourism, and may not be used, copied, transmitted or altered in any way without express written consent. This image archive is maintained for promotional, non-commercial use only.
Website | Facebook | Twitter | Instagram
Listing Information:
Listing Date: 11/29/16
Location Name: Weston Wineries
Listing Text By: Shawn Parker, Executive Director, Sheridan Travel & Tourism
Gautama Buddha, also known as Siddhārtha Gautama,[note 3] Shakyamuni,[note 4] or simply the Buddha, was a sage[3] on whose teachings Buddhism was founded.[web 2] He is believed to have lived and taught mostly in eastern India sometime between the sixth and fourth centuries BCE.[4][note 5]
The word Buddha means "awakened one" or "the enlightened one". "Buddha" is also used as a title for the first awakened being in an era. In most Buddhist traditions, Siddhartha Gautama is regarded as the Supreme Buddha (Pali sammāsambuddha, Sanskrit samyaksaṃbuddha) of our age.[note 6] Gautama taught a Middle Way between sensual indulgence and the severe asceticism found in the Sramana (renunciation) movement[5] common in his region. He later taught throughout regions of eastern India such as Magadha and Kośala.[4][6]
Gautama is the primary figure in Buddhism and accounts of his life, discourses, and monastic rules are believed by Buddhists to have been summarized after his death and memorized by his followers. Various collections of teachings attributed to him were passed down by oral tradition and first committed to writing about 400 years later.Scholars are hesitant to make unqualified claims about the historical facts of the Buddha's life. Most accept that he lived, taught and founded a monastic order during the Mahajanapada era in India during the reign of Bimbisara, the ruler of the Magadha empire, and died during the early years of the reign of Ajatshatru who was the successor of Bimbisara, thus making him a younger contemporary of Mahavira, the Jain teacher.[7] Apart from the Vedic Brahmins, Buddha's lifetime coincided with the flourishing of other influential sramana schools of thoughts like Ājīvika, Cārvāka, Jain, and Ajñana. It was also the age of influential thinkers like Mahāvīra, Pūraṇa Kassapa , Makkhali Gosāla, Ajita Kesakambalī, Pakudha Kaccāyana, and Sañjaya Belaṭṭhaputta, whose viewpoints Buddha most certainly must have been acquainted with and influenced by.[8][9][note 7] There is also evidence to suggest that the two masters, Alara Kalama and Udaka Ramaputta, were indeed historical figures and they most probably taught Buddha two different forms of meditative techniques.[10] While the most general outline of "birth, maturity, renunciation, search, awakening and liberation, teaching, death" must be true,[11] most scholars do not consistently accept all of the details contained in traditional biographies.[12][13]
The times of Gautama's birth and death are uncertain. Most historians in the early 20th century dated his lifetime as circa 563 BCE to 483 BCE.[1][14] More recently his death is dated later, between 411 and 400 BCE, while at a symposium on this question held in 1988, the majority of those who presented definite opinions gave dates within 20 years either side of 400 BCE for the Buddha's death.[1][15][note 5] These alternative chronologies, however, have not yet been accepted by all historians.[20][21][note 9]
The evidence of the early texts suggests that Siddhārtha Gautama was born into the Shakya clan, a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the 5th century BCE.[23] It was either a small republic, in which case his father was an elected chieftain, or an oligarchy, in which case his father was an oligarch.[23] According to the Buddhist tradition, Gautama was born in Lumbini, nowadays in modern-day Nepal, and raised in Kapilavastu, which may either be in present day Tilaurakot, Nepal or Piprahwa, India.[note 1] He obtained his enlightenment in Bodh Gaya, gave his first sermon in Sarnath, and died in Kushinagara.
No written records about Gautama have been found from his lifetime or some centuries thereafter. One edict of Emperor Ashoka, who reigned from circa 269 BCE to 232 BCE, commemorates the Emperor's pilgrimage to the Buddha's birthplace in Lumbini. Another one of his edict mentions several Dhamma texts, establishing the existence of a written Buddhist tradition at least by the time of the Mauryan era and which may be the precursors of the Pāli Canon.[34][note 11] The oldest surviving Buddhist manuscripts are the Gandhāran Buddhist texts, reported to have been found in or around Haḍḍa near Jalalabad in eastern Afghanistan and now preserved in the British Library. They are written in the Kharoṣṭhī script and the Gāndhārī language on twenty-seven birch bark scrolls, and they date from the first century BCE to the third century CE.[web 10]The sources for the life of Siddhārtha Gautama are a variety of different, and sometimes conflicting, traditional biographies. These include the Buddhacarita, Lalitavistara Sūtra, Mahāvastu, and the Nidānakathā.[35] Of these, the Buddhacarita[36][37][38] is the earliest full biography, an epic poem written by the poet Aśvaghoṣa, and dating around the beginning of the 2nd century CE.[35] The Lalitavistara Sūtra is the next oldest biography, a Mahāyāna/Sarvāstivāda biography dating to the 3rd century CE.[39] The Mahāvastu from the Mahāsāṃghika Lokottaravāda tradition is another major biography, composed incrementally until perhaps the 4th century CE.[39] The Dharmaguptaka biography of the Buddha is the most exhaustive, and is entitled the Abhiniṣkramaṇa Sūtra,[40] and various Chinese translations of this date between the 3rd and 6th century CE. Lastly, the Nidānakathā is from the Theravāda tradition in Sri Lanka and was composed in the 5th century CE by Buddhaghoṣa.[41]
From canonical sources, the Jātakas, the Mahapadana Sutta (DN 14), and the Achariyabhuta Sutta (MN 123) which include selective accounts that may be older, but are not full biographies. The Jātakas retell previous lives of Gautama as a bodhisattva, and the first collection of these can be dated among the earliest Buddhist texts.[42] The Mahāpadāna Sutta and Achariyabhuta Sutta both recount miraculous events surrounding Gautama's birth, such as the bodhisattva's descent from Tuṣita Heaven into his mother's womb.Traditional biographies of Gautama generally include numerous miracles, omens, and supernatural events. The character of the Buddha in these traditional biographies is often that of a fully transcendent (Skt. lokottara) and perfected being who is unencumbered by the mundane world. In the Mahāvastu, over the course of many lives, Gautama is said to have developed supramundane abilities including: a painless birth conceived without intercourse; no need for sleep, food, medicine, or bathing, although engaging in such "in conformity with the world"; omniscience, and the ability to "suppress karma".[43][44][45] Nevertheless, some of the more ordinary details of his life have been gathered from these traditional sources. In modern times there has been an attempt to form a secular understanding of Siddhārtha Gautama's life by omitting the traditional supernatural elements of his early biographies.
Andrew Skilton writes that the Buddha was never historically regarded by Buddhist traditions as being merely human:[46]
It is important to stress that, despite modern Theravada teachings to the contrary (often a sop to skeptical Western pupils), he was never seen as being merely human. For instance, he is often described as having the thirty-two major and eighty minor marks or signs of a mahāpuruṣa, "superman"; the Buddha himself denied that he was either a man or a god; and in the Mahāparinibbāna Sutta he states that he could live for an aeon were he asked to do so.
The ancient Indians were generally unconcerned with chronologies, being more focused on philosophy. Buddhist texts reflect this tendency, providing a clearer picture of what Gautama may have taught than of the dates of the events in his life. These texts contain descriptions of the culture and daily life of ancient India which can be corroborated from the Jain scriptures, and make the Buddha's time the earliest period in Indian history for which significant accounts exist.[47] British author Karen Armstrong writes that although there is very little information that can be considered historically sound, we can be reasonably confident that Siddhārtha Gautama did exist as a historical figure.[48] Michael Carrithers goes a bit further by stating that the most general outline of "birth, maturity, renunciation, search, awakening and liberation, teaching, death" must be true.[11]The Buddhist tradition regards Lumbini, present-day Nepal, to be the birthplace of the Buddha.[49][note 1] He grew up in Kapilavastu.[note 1] The exact site of ancient Kapilavastu is unknown. It may have been either Piprahwa, Uttar Pradesh, present-day India,[32] or Tilaurakot, present-day Nepal.[50] Both places belonged to the Sakya territory, and are located only 15 miles apart from each other.[50]
Siddharta Gautama was born as a Kshatriya,[51][note 13] the son of Śuddhodana, "an elected chief of the Shakya clan",[4] whose capital was Kapilavastu, and who were later annexed by the growing Kingdom of Kosala during the Buddha's lifetime. Gautama was the family name. His mother, Queen Maha Maya (Māyādevī) and Suddhodana's wife, was a Koliyan princess. Legend has it that, on the night Siddhartha was conceived, Queen Maya dreamt that a white elephant with six white tusks entered her right side,[53][54] and ten months later[55] Siddhartha was born. As was the Shakya tradition, when his mother Queen Maya became pregnant, she left Kapilvastu for her father's kingdom to give birth. However, her son is said to have been born on the way, at Lumbini, in a garden beneath a sal tree.
The day of the Buddha's birth is widely celebrated in Theravada countries as Vesak.[56] Buddha's birth anniversary holiday is called "Buddha Purnima" in Nepal and India as Buddha is believed to have been born on a full moon day. Various sources hold that the Buddha's mother died at his birth, a few days or seven days later. The infant was given the name Siddhartha (Pāli: Siddhattha), meaning "he who achieves his aim". During the birth celebrations, the hermit seer Asita journeyed from his mountain abode and announced that the child would either become a great king (chakravartin) or a great holy man.[57] By traditional account,[which?] this occurred after Siddhartha placed his feet in Asita's hair and Asita examined the birthmarks. Suddhodana held a naming ceremony on the fifth day, and invited eight Brahmin scholars to read the future. All gave a dual prediction that the baby would either become a great king or a great holy man.[57] Kaundinya (Pali: Kondañña), the youngest, and later to be the first arahant other than the Buddha, was reputed to be the only one who unequivocally predicted that Siddhartha would become a Buddha.[58]
While later tradition and legend characterized Śuddhodana as a hereditary monarch, the descendant of the Solar Dynasty of Ikṣvāku (Pāli: Okkāka), many scholars think that Śuddhodana was the elected chief of a tribal confederacy.
Early texts suggest that Gautama was not familiar with the dominant religious teachings of his time until he left on his religious quest, which is said to have been motivated by existential concern for the human condition.[59] The state of the Shakya clan was not a monarchy, and seems to have been structured either as an oligarchy, or as a form of republic.[60] The more egalitarian gana-sangha form of government, as a political alternative to the strongly hierarchical kingdoms, may have influenced the development of the Shramana-type Jain and Buddhist sanghas, where monarchies tended toward Vedic Brahmanism.[61]Siddhartha was brought up by his mother's younger sister, Maha Pajapati.[62] By tradition, he is said to have been destined by birth to the life of a prince, and had three palaces (for seasonal occupation) built for him. Although more recent scholarship doubts this status, his father, said to be King Śuddhodana, wishing for his son to be a great king, is said to have shielded him from religious teachings and from knowledge of human suffering.
When he reached the age of 16, his father reputedly arranged his marriage to a cousin of the same age named Yaśodharā (Pāli: Yasodharā). According to the traditional account,[which?] she gave birth to a son, named Rāhula. Siddhartha is said to have spent 29 years as a prince in Kapilavastu. Although his father ensured that Siddhartha was provided with everything he could want or need, Buddhist scriptures say that the future Buddha felt that material wealth was not life's ultimate goal.[62]According to the early Buddhist texts,[web 11] after realizing that meditative dhyana was the right path to awakening, but that extreme asceticism didn't work, Gautama discovered what Buddhists call the Middle Way[web 11]—a path of moderation away from the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification, or the Noble Eightfold Path, as was identified and described by the Buddha in his first discourse, the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta.[web 11] In a famous incident, after becoming starved and weakened, he is said to have accepted milk and rice pudding from a village girl named Sujata.[web 12] Such was his emaciated appearance that she wrongly believed him to be a spirit that had granted her a wish.[web 12]
Following this incident, Gautama was famously seated under a pipal tree—now known as the Bodhi tree—in Bodh Gaya, India, when he vowed never to arise until he had found the truth.[70] Kaundinya and four other companions, believing that he had abandoned his search and become undisciplined, left. After a reputed 49 days of meditation, at the age of 35, he is said to have attained Enlightenment.[70][web 13] According to some traditions, this occurred in approximately the fifth lunar month, while, according to others, it was in the twelfth month. From that time, Gautama was known to his followers as the Buddha or "Awakened One" ("Buddha" is also sometimes translated as "The Enlightened One").
According to Buddhism, at the time of his awakening he realized complete insight into the cause of suffering, and the steps necessary to eliminate it. These discoveries became known as the "Four Noble Truths",[web 13] which are at the heart of Buddhist teaching. Through mastery of these truths, a state of supreme liberation, or Nirvana, is believed to be possible for any being. The Buddha described Nirvāna as the perfect peace of a mind that's free from ignorance, greed, hatred and other afflictive states,[web 13] or "defilements" (kilesas). Nirvana is also regarded as the "end of the world", in that no personal identity or boundaries of the mind remain. In such a state, a being is said to possess the Ten Characteristics, belonging to every Buddha.
According to a story in the Āyācana Sutta (Samyutta Nikaya VI.1) — a scripture found in the Pāli and other canons — immediately after his awakening, the Buddha debated whether or not he should teach the Dharma to others. He was concerned that humans were so overpowered by ignorance, greed and hatred that they could never recognise the path, which is subtle, deep and hard to grasp. However, in the story, Brahmā Sahampati convinced him, arguing that at least some will understand it. The Buddha relented, and agreed to teach.After his awakening, the Buddha met Taphussa and Bhallika — two merchant brothers from the city of Balkh in what is currently Afghanistan — who became his first lay disciples. It is said that each was given hairs from his head, which are now claimed to be enshrined as relics in the Shwe Dagon Temple in Rangoon, Burma. The Buddha intended to visit Asita, and his former teachers, Alara Kalama and Udaka Ramaputta, to explain his findings, but they had already died.
He then travelled to the Deer Park near Varanasi (Benares) in northern India, where he set in motion what Buddhists call the Wheel of Dharma by delivering his first sermon to the five companions with whom he had sought enlightenment. Together with him, they formed the first saṅgha: the company of Buddhist monks.
All five become arahants, and within the first two months, with the conversion of Yasa and fifty four of his friends, the number of such arahants is said to have grown to 60. The conversion of three brothers named Kassapa followed, with their reputed 200, 300 and 500 disciples, respectively. This swelled the sangha to more than 1,000.For the remaining 45 years of his life, the Buddha is said to have traveled in the Gangetic Plain, in what is now Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and southern Nepal, teaching a diverse range of people: from nobles to servants, murderers such as Angulimala, and cannibals such as Alavaka. Although the Buddha's language remains unknown, it's likely that he taught in one or more of a variety of closely related Middle Indo-Aryan dialects, of which Pali may be a standardization.
The sangha traveled through the subcontinent, expounding the dharma. This continued throughout the year, except during the four months of the Vāsanā rainy season when ascetics of all religions rarely traveled. One reason was that it was more difficult to do so without causing harm to animal life. At this time of year, the sangha would retreat to monasteries, public parks or forests, where people would come to them.The first vassana was spent at Varanasi when the sangha was formed. After this, the Buddha kept a promise to travel to Rajagaha, capital of Magadha, to visit King Bimbisara. During this visit, Sariputta and Maudgalyayana were converted by Assaji, one of the first five disciples, after which they were to become the Buddha's two foremost followers. The Buddha spent the next three seasons at Veluvana Bamboo Grove monastery in Rajagaha, capital of Magadha.
Upon hearing of his son's awakening, Suddhodana sent, over a period, ten delegations to ask him to return to Kapilavastu. On the first nine occasions, the delegates failed to deliver the message, and instead joined the sangha to become arahants. The tenth delegation, led by Kaludayi, a childhood friend of Gautama's (who also became an arahant), however, delivered the message.
Now two years after his awakening, the Buddha agreed to return, and made a two-month journey by foot to Kapilavastu, teaching the dharma as he went. At his return, the royal palace prepared a midday meal, but the sangha was making an alms round in Kapilavastu. Hearing this, Suddhodana approached his son, the Buddha, saying:
"Ours is the warrior lineage of Mahamassata, and not a single warrior has gone seeking alms."
The Buddha is said to have replied:
"That is not the custom of your royal lineage. But it is the custom of my Buddha lineage. Several thousands of Buddhas have gone by seeking alms."
Buddhist texts say that Suddhodana invited the sangha into the palace for the meal, followed by a dharma talk. After this he is said to have become a sotapanna. During the visit, many members of the royal family joined the sangha. The Buddha's cousins Ananda and Anuruddha became two of his five chief disciples. At the age of seven, his son Rahula also joined, and became one of his ten chief disciples. His half-brother Nanda also joined and became an arahant.
Of the Buddha's disciples, Sariputta, Maudgalyayana, Mahakasyapa, Ananda and Anuruddha are believed to have been the five closest to him. His ten foremost disciples were reputedly completed by the quintet of Upali, Subhoti, Rahula, Mahakaccana and Punna.
In the fifth vassana, the Buddha was staying at Mahavana near Vesali when he heard news of the impending death of his father. He is said to have gone to Suddhodana and taught the dharma, after which his father became an arahant.
The king's death and cremation was to inspire the creation of an order of nuns. Buddhist texts record that the Buddha was reluctant to ordain women. His foster mother Maha Pajapati, for example, approached him, asking to join the sangha, but he refused. Maha Pajapati, however, was so intent on the path of awakening that she led a group of royal Sakyan and Koliyan ladies, which followed the sangha on a long journey to Rajagaha. In time, after Ananda championed their cause, the Buddha is said to have reconsidered and, five years after the formation of the sangha, agreed to the ordination of women as nuns. He reasoned that males and females had an equal capacity for awakening. But he gave women additional rules (Vinaya) to follow.Dhyana and insight[edit]
A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight.[82][95][84] Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[85][81][82]
We are committed to this project as our shop car. We are under the process of conducting the following:
-S52 engine swap
-body work (wrap/repaint, body kit, etc.)
-suspension (Lead Tech, Jason will be making one for this project)
-Tires/Rims
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Also a chance to vote and win prizes throughout the building process.
We're committed to modernizing the Royal BC Museum, to protect its historic holdings and provide better access to its collections. As part of the process, the government is gathering people’s feedback through community meetings and an online forum.
The consultation runs until June 27, 2019. For more information, or to submit ideas online, visit: engage.gov.bc.ca/museummodernization/
I committed a faux pas here I think. I was taking some shots through a gate when a large angry looking woman slammed the gate in my face and yelled "Go away!". Whoops.
I've scoured the hillsides of Malibu Creek State Park, peeking under rocks n boulders for magic potions.... searching for Box turtles and lizards that might take me back to that magic place of my youth.... wandering thru power line swamp infested fields of muck.... ahhhh... memories of childhood paint my cortex in awww.... the diagonal lines behind this amazing tree struck me... and the puffy clouds that hung in its canvas sky.... frozen like cotton props dangling on wires from the heavens.... i recommend a hike, early in the morning if you wish to catch a glimpse of pixies and elves dancing in the marine layer mist. Bring your Peter Pan slippers, you may need them. All hail the almighty TREE! As intelligent as you are, perceptively speaking of course, this tree is no fool... u may even think for a second that you’re looking at it..... but just maybe it's looking at you, and laughing of course at your puny size and fumbling legs. Perhaps you may even ponder that your mobility is a luxury.... oh you poor soul you.... think again, have you ever seen such a thing, so stable, unmoving, so loyal and committed to its surroundings, so naked, so strong and so present. Open your fragile mind you selfish beast... we are not alone. Take a walk.