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Caligula (37-41) Denarius (3,79g), Rome mint, 37-38 Rv.: DIVVS AVG PATER PATRIAE, RIC 16 (R2), RSC 2.
Praetorium Agrippinae (Valkenburg) was founded in the winter of 39/40 by the emperor Caligula (37-41), who visited the area of the Lower Rhine in 40. The presence of the emperor is certain, as a barrel has been excavated that once contained wine from the emperor's personal vineyards. The settlement was named after Caligula's mother: its full name means 'the Headquarter of Agrippina'. The fort offered accommodation to a squadron of cavalry.
Augustus in pose of Jupiter from Thessaloniki, 27–14 BCE, Marble, Archaological Museum, Thessalon’ki , Greece
Educational Use Only
Lot Description
A ROMAN MARBLE BUST OF GAIUS OR LUCIUS CAESAR
CIRCA 10 B.C.
With head turned slightly to the left, short wavy hair characteristically arranged in parted locks over the forehead, the eyes with unarticulated pupils, mounted
13 in. (33 cm.) high
Christies Auctions
Provenance
Wilhelm Horn (1870-1959); acquired from Dr Lederer, 1930.
Exhibited
Antiken aus rheinischem Privatbesitz, Rheinischen Landesmuseum, Bonn, 1973-1974.
Lot Notes
PUBLISHED:
K. A. Neugebauer, Antiken in Deutschem Privatbesitz, Berlin, 1938, p. 17, no. 31, pl. 16.
Antiken aus rheinischem Privatbesitz, Rheinischen Landesmuseum, Bonn, 1973-1974, pp. 214-215, no. 356, pl. 161.
This bust was acquired by the German dealer Dr Lederer in February 1930 from an art dealer in Paris for 4,525 DM.; he did so on the advice of Professor Blumel of the Altes Museum in Berlin who accompanied him at the time. Wilhelm Horn purchased the bust a few days later on Dr Lederer's return from Paris and the identity of the portrait has been a subject of discussion ever since.
Blumel was of the opinion that it was a portrait of the young Augustus; he had had a cast made of a similar head of a young Augustus in the Vatican collection for the the Altes Museum. Professor Zahn, also of Berlin, was of the same opinion because of the great similarity to Augustus as a young man. The fact that juvenile portraits of Augustus existed was reported by the Roman author and secretary to the Emperor Hadrian, Suetonius, in his work "The Twelve Caesars", in chapter 7 on Augustus were he refers to a bronze statuette, "... it shows him [Augustus] as a boy. I have presented the statuette to the Emperor Hadrian who has placed it among the household-gods in his bedroom".
A letter dated 30 June 1930 from the Director of the Museé d'Art et d'Histoire in Geneva identified the portrait as Gaius or Lucius Caesar and cited a very similar portrait (acquired in Italy and from the Sarasin collection) in his own museum as a comparison (museum no. 8935, published in the Geneva Catalogue of Ancient Sculpture, 1923, no. 125, p. 92). In January 1938, Professor Kehler from Budapest visited the Horns and also pronounced it to be a portrait of Lucius, and an excellent work.
More recent opinions have tended to identify the portrait as Gaius Caesar. For a discussion of this bust and its identification with references, see Antiken aus rheinischen Privatbesitz.
Lucius Caesar (20 B.C.-4 A.D.) and Gaius Caesar (17 B.C.-2 A.D.) were the sons of Agrippa and were adopted in 17 B.C. by Augustus. They were intended as Augustus' successors, but Lucius died at Marseilles on his way to the armies in Spain, while Gaius died in Lycia.
Private Auction for Educational Use only
Fragmento de un friso dórico de un monumento funerario, decorado con máscaras de teatro.
Cultura romana.
Siglo I d. C.
Procedente de Montjuïc, Barcelona.
Museo Arqueológico de Barcelona.
PHRYGIA, Prymnessus. Tiberius. AD 14-37. Æ 19mm (6.21 g). Kaikilios Plokamos, magistrate. Laureate head right / Dikaiosyne advancing left, holding scales and grain ears. RPC I 3202.10 (this coin?); von Aulock Phrygiens II, 990-998 corr. (Augustus); SNG Copenhagen 665.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
PHRYGIA, Cadi. Claudius. AD 41-54. Æ 21mm (5.52 g). Demetrios Artema, stephanephorus. Laureate head right / Zeus standing left, holding eagle and scepter. RPC I 3062; SNG Copenhagen 246-247; SNG von Aulock 3685.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Engraved gem: Diomedes with the Palladion
1st century A.D.
Roman
Carnelian
h. 1.5 cm., w. 1.4 cm. (9/16 x 9/16 in.)
Gift of Frank Jewett Mather, Jr.
Object Number: y1940-361
EDUCATIONAL GUIDELINES ONLY
Nero. AD 54-68. Æ Sestertius (27.45 g, 7h). Rome mint. Struck AD 64. NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG GERM P M TR P IMP P P, laureate head left / ANNONA AVGVSTI CERES, Annona standing right, right hand on hip, holding cornucopia in left, facing Ceres seated left, feet on low stool, holding grain ears in right hand over modius on garlanded altar, and torch cradled in left; ship's stern in background. RIC I 99; WCN 77; BMCRE -; BN 259 var. (laureate head right).
Kleomeles (signed)
Description English: Detail of signature on a statue of Marcellus, formerly known as “Germanicus”, of the Hermes Ludovisi type. Greek marble, Roman artwork of the 1st century CE, after a 5th century BC prototype with substitution of a Roman portrait head.
Français : Détail de la signature sur la statue de Marcellus précédemment identifiée comme « Germanicus », du type d'Hermès Ludovisi. Marbre grec, œuvre romaine du Ier siècle ap. J.-C. d'après un type grec du Ve siècle av. J.-C., avec substitution d'un portrait romain.
Dimensions H. 1.8 m (5 ft. 10 ¾ in.)
Credit line From the villa of Pope Sixtus V in the Esquiline Hill, then the Villa Montalto-Negroni; purchased by Louis XIV in 1664 and installed in the gardens of Versailles; transfered to the Napoleon Museum in 1802
Accession number Ma 1207 (MR 315)
Location Department of Greek, Etruscan and Roman Antiquities, Denon wing, ground floor, room 23
Source/Photographer Jastrow (2007)
Cup in the shape of a donkey's head*
Greek, Late Archaic Period, about 480 B.C.
the Brygos Painter
Place of Manufacture: Athens, Attica, Greece
Ceramic, Red Figure
English: Marble bust of Agrippina the Younger (15–59 AD) from Emerita Augusta (present-day Mérida, Badajoz, Spain). Sculpted in the second half of the 1st century CE.
Español: Busto en mármol de Agripina la menor (15–59 d.C.) procedente de Emerita Augusta (actual Mérida, Badajoz, España). Esculpido en la segunda mitad del siglo I d.C.
References English: Museum's caption
Español: Ficha del museo
Source/Photographer Luis García (Zaqarbal), 5 March 2006(2006-03-05).
A ROMAN AGATE CAMEO
CIRCA 1ST CENTURY A.D.
The oval stone carved in three layers, brown on white on brown, with a goat in profile to the left on a groundline, the natural banding of the stone exploited to give a multicolored appearance to its fleece; mounted as a ring in a modern gold setting
in. (1.5 cm.) wide; ring size 8
educational use only
ROMAN HOLLOW BRONZE HEAD OF A FEMALE
Possibly an empress, depicted with a down-turned mouth, incised eyes and lids, with pierced pupils, the thick hair dressed in curled sections from the fringe to the crown, a few wisps escaping infront of the large ears.
1st Century AD
H. 1 5/8 in. (4.2 cm.) RAG
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Tiberius. AD 14-37. Æ Sestertius (33mm, 23.58 g). Rome mint. Struck AD 35-36. Empty horse-drawn quadriga right, its side panels decorated with Victory and captives / Large S C. RIC I 60.
From CNG: This issue, commemorating the birth of twin sons to Drusus, the son of the second emperor Tiberius, and his wife Livilla, was part of the series issued in AD 22 to promote the dynastic solidity of Tiberius’ family. One of the twins died in infancy, but the other, Tiberius Gemellus (meaning "twin") was named an heir along with his cousin Gaius (Caligula). Within a year of Caligula’s accession, however, the new emperor had Tiberius Gemellus murdered.
From Richard Beal (Roma): "This sestertius was struck in 22/23, nearly three years after the death of Germanicus, Tiberius’ nephew and first heir. In the interim Tiberius had named no heir, but with the nine coins in his dated aes of 22/23 he announces a ‘Tiberian dynasty’ that includes his son Drusus, his daughter-in-law (and niece) Livilla, and his twin grandsons Tiberius Gemellus and Germanicus Gemellus, whose heads decorate the crossed cornucopias on this sestertius.
Since it is the only coin in the aes of 22/23 without an obverse inscription, we must presume its design was believed sufficient to communicate the fact that the twin boys were portrayed. Though this type usually is thought to celebrate the birth of the twins, that event had occurred two and one half years before this coin was struck. Rather, it is best seen in light of early Julio-Claudian dynastic rhetoric in which male heirs were celebrated as twins (even if they were not literally twins, or even biological brothers) and were routinely likened to the Dioscuri, the heavenly twins Castor and Pollux.
The crossed-cornucopias design is familiar on ancient coinage, and here the cornucopias, grape clusters, grape leaves and pine cones seemingly allude to Bacchus or Liber in a reference to fecundity. In terms of dynastic appeal, the design boasts of the prosperity and fruitfulness of the Tiberian line, with the caduceus symbolizing Mercury as the messenger of the gods and the bringer of good fortune.
Despite the hopefulness represented by this series of coins, tragedy struck on two fronts. The ‘Tiberian dynasty’ collapsed within months of its being announced when both Drusus and his son Germanicus Gemellus (the boy whose head is shown on the right cornucopia) died in 23.
Poor fates awaited the remaining two members: Drusus’ wife Livilla became increasingly associated with Tiberius’ prefect Sejanus, and she died shamefully in the aftermath of his downfall in 31, and the second grandson, Tiberius Gemellus, survived long enough to be named co-heir of Tiberius with Caligula, but after Tiberius’ death he was pushed into a subsidiary role and soon was executed by Caligula, who would not tolerate a second heir to the throne." - Ars Antiqua, 2008 CNGCOINS>COM
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Homeless (2003)
Daci Shen
This painting depicts a scene in which a little girl comes home from school only to find her parents gone. The two pieces of white paper on the door are official notices stating that the house has been condemned by the "610 Office," a Gestapo-like organization set up specifically to target Falun Gong. The red paper on the door reads "Truthfulness, Compassion, Tolerance."
Praetorium Agrippinae (Valkenburg) was founded in the winter of 39/40 by the emperor Caligula (37-41), who visited the area of the Lower Rhine in 40. The presence of the emperor is certain, as a barrel has been excavated that once contained wine from the emperor's personal vineyards. The settlement was named after Caligula's mother: its full name means 'the Headquarter of Agrippina'. The fort offered accommodation to a squadron of cavalry.
Praetorium Agrippinae on the Peutinger map
An important problem is that the settlement is shown on the Peutinger map (a medieval copy of a fourth-century original) with a symbol that nearly always signifies a civil settlement with a bathhouse - but the settlement at Valkenburg is definitely military. This puzzle is still unsolved. One possible solution, however, can be excluded: that there is a still undiscovered civil settlement in the neighborhood. The excavations at Valkenburg are among the largest in the Lower Rhine area and it is impossible that the archaeologists have simply overlooked a civil settlement on the boards of the river.
Map of the auxiliary fort at Valkenburg
The fort was occupied until the third quarter of the third century and was reconstructed several times, for example after it had been destroyed during the Batavian revolt (69-70).
Claudius, with Agrippina Junior. AD 41-54. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.49 g). Rome mint. Struck AD 50. Laureate head of Claudius right / Laureate and draped bust of Agrippina right. RIC I 81; RSC 4.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Octavian.
Marble. Late 1st century B.C.
Rome, Roman National Museum, Palazzo Massimo alle Terme.
educational use only
Carl Stock 'Tanner', The Grohmann Museum roof top sculptures, 'Man at Work' collection, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
PHRYGIA, Sebaste. Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. Æ 17mm (4.65 g). Sosthenes, magistrate. Bare head right / Zeus seated left, holding eagle and scepter. RPC I 3153; SNG Copenhagen -; SNG von Aulock -.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Ref Divus Claudius Aureus, RIC 4 [Nero], Cohen 31, BMC 4
Divus Claudius AV Aureus. Lyons mint, under Nero, 54-55 AD. DIVVS CLAVDIVS AVGVSTVS, laureate head left / tensa with a temple-like pedament surmounted by figures of Victories and horses, all drawn by four horses right; EX S C in ex. Cohen 31, Calico 354a.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
ROMAN BRONZE ASKLEPIOS
God of medicine and healing, partially draped in himation.
Very fine bronze figure, based on a Hellenistic statuary type.
1st-2nd Century AD
H. 4 1/2 in. (11.5 cm.)
Gods & Mortals II, no. 48
Art of the Ancient World, 2000, no. 45
educational use only
GAUL, Nemausus. Augustus, with Agrippa. 27 BC-AD 14. Æ As (25mm, 11.19 g, 3h). Struck circa 16-10 BC. Back to back heads of Agrippa, wearing combined rostral crown and laurel wreath, and Augustus, bare; c/m: DD with palm branch between, all within circular incuse / Chained crocodile standing right; palm branch behind, wreath with long ties above. RPC I 523; RIC I 155; SNG Copenhagen 698; for c/m: Martini, Locarno 10.
A ROMAN BRONZE BUST OF A BOY
julio-claudian, circa 1st century a.d.
His head turned sharply to his left, the sensitivley modelled face with lidded eyes, a rounded nose, small chin and pudgy cheeks, full lips turned down at the corners, his hair a mass of thick, wavy locks, his garment buttoned along both sleeves, pierced twice on the chest for attachment, possibly to a fulcrum
4in. (10.2cm.) high
educational use only
LYDIA, Nicaea. Gaius and Lucius Caesar. Caesars, 17 BC-AD 4 and 17 BC-AD 2, respectively. Æ 18mm (5.34 g, 12h). Aratus, grammateus. Jugate bare heads of Gaius and Lucius right / Demos standing left; ARATOS down right field. RPC I 2564.12 = Lindgren & Kovacs 719 (this coin); SNG München 208; SNG Copenhagen 106.
Tiberius. As Caesar, AD 4-14. Æ As (23mm, 10.97 g, 1h). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Struck AD 13-14. Laureate head right / Front elevation of the Altar of Lugdunum, decorated with the corona civica between laurels, flanked by stylized male figures; to left and right, Victories on columns, facing one another. RIC I 245 (Augustus); Lyon 114. cngcoins.com
Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.48 g). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Struck 15-13 BC. Bare head right / Apollo standing left, holding lyre and plectrum. RIC I 171a; BMCRE 461; RSC 144. VF, obverse banker’s mark.
Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. AR Denarius (3.70 g, 11h). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Struck 11 BC. Bare head right / Diana standing facing, head right, holding spear and bow; dog at feet to left. RIC I 182; Lyon 35; RSC 168; BMCRE 487 = BMCRR Gaul 189; BN 1414-1416.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Lot 79, Marble Portrait head of the Emperor Claudius, Roman Imperial, A.D. 41-54, 16 inches high
Lot 79 is an impressive marble portrait head of the Emperor Claudius, Roman Imperial, A.D. 41-54. It is 16 inches high and has an estimate of $300,000 to $500,000. It sold for $629,000.
educational use only
The Caesarians. Julius Caesar. Late 46-early 45 BC. Æ Dupondius (32mm, 11.44 g, 12h). Rome mint. Draped and winged bust of Victory right / Minverva advancing left, carrying trophy, spears, and shield with gorgoneion; snake at feet to left. Crawford 476/1a; CRI 62; Sydenham 1025. cngcoins.com
Gaius (Caligula). AD 37-41. AR Denarius (18mm, 3.58 g). Rome mint. Struck AD 37. Bare head of Caligula right / Radiate head of Divus Augustus right between two stars. RIC I 2; BMCRE 4; RSC 11 cngcoins.com
For more on Caligulan Numismatic Articles see:
Related Articles of Caligula from American Numismatic Society Library Search
Library Catalog Search (Preliminary Version)
Full Record: Barrett, Anthony A. The invalidation of currency in the Roman Empire : the Claudian demonetization of Caligula's AES. (1999)
Full Record: Bost, Jean-Pierre. Routes, cits et ateliers montaires : quelques remarques sur les officines hispaniques entre les rgnes d'Auguste en de Caligula. (1999)
Full Record: Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information de Grenoble. Grenoble : Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information : catalogue des monnaies. II. Monnaies romaines. Monnaies impriales romaines. 2. Caligula - Neron . Index. / Bernard Rmy, Frdric Bontoux, Virginie Risler. (1998)
Full Record: Gainor, John R. The image of the Julio-Claudian dynasty from coins / by John R. Gainor.
Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Monete romane imperiali del Museo G. B. Adriani. Parte 3, Caius (37-41 d.C.) / Rodolfo Martini. (2001)
Full Record: ACCLA privy to presentation by Richard Baker on Caligula. (2002)
Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 1. (2002)
Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 2. (2002)
Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 3. (2002)
Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. Caligula on the Lower Rhine : Coin finds from the Roman Fort of Albaniana (The Netherlands) / Fleur Kemmers. (2004)
Full Record: Estiot, Sylviane. Le trsor de Meussia (Jura) : 399 monnaies d'argent d'poques rpublicaine et julio-claudienne / Sylviane Estiot, Isabelle Aymar. (2002)
Full Record: Gocht, Hans. Namenstilgungen an Bronzemünzen des Caligula und Claudius / Hans Gocht. (2003)
Full Record: Gomis Justo, Marivi. Ercavica : La emision de Caligula. Estimacion del numero de cunos originales.
Full Record: Sayles, Wayne G. Fakes on the Internet. (2002)
Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. The coin finds from the Roman fort Albaniana, the Netherlands / Fleur Kemmers . (2005)
Full Record: Lopez Snchez, Fernando. La afirmacion soberana de Caligula y de Claudio y el fin de las acunaciones ciudadanas en occidente / Fernando Lopez Snchez. (2000)
Full Record: Besombes, Paul-Andr. Les monnaies hispaniques de Claude Ier des dpôts de la Vilaine (Rennes) et de Saint-Lonard (Mayenne) : tmoins de quel type de contact entre l'Armorique et la pninsule ibrique ? / Paul-Andr Besombes. (2005)
Full Record: Catalli, Fiorenzo. Le thesaurus de Sora / Fiorenzo Catalli et John Scheid.
Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Faux deniers de Caligula de la Renaissance.
Full Record: Vermeule, Cornelius. Faces of Empire (Julius Caesar to Justinian). Part II(B), More young faces : Caligula again and Nero reborn / Cornelius Vermeule. (2005)
Full Record: Geranio, Joe. Portraits of Caligula : the seated figure? / Joe Geranio. (2007)
Full Record: Aguilera Hernandez, Alberto. Acerca de un as de Caligula hallado en Zaragoza / Alberto Aguilera Hernandez. (2007)
Full Record: Butcher, K. E. T. Caligula : the evil emperor. (1985)
Full Record: Fuchs, Michaela. Frauen um Caligula und Claudius : Milonia Caesonia, Drusilla und Messalina. (1990)
Full Record: Faur, Jean-Claude. Moneda de Caligula de Museo Arqueologico Provincial de Tarragona. (1979)
Full Record: British Museum. Dept. of coins and medals. Coins of the Roman Empire in the British museum. Vol. I: Augustus to Vitellius / by Harold Mattingly. (1976)
Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. A Caligula Isotope of Hadrian. (1968)
Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. The Metamorphosis of an Allegad 'As of Hadrian.' (1968)
Full Record: Bendall, Simon. A 'new' gold quinarius of Caligula. (1985)
Full Record: Cortellini, Nereo. Le monete di Caligola nel Cohen.
Full Record: Guey, Julien. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula "Immensi Avreorvm Acervi (Sutone, Cal., 42,3).
Full Record: Guey, J. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula : Sutone, Cal. 42, 3.
Full Record: Curry, Michael R. The Aes Quadrans of Caligula. (1968)
Full Record: Jonas, Elemr. L'emploi dar "damnatio memoriae" sur l'un des "dupondius" de Calgula. (1937)
Full Record: Julian, R. W. The coins of Caligula. (1994)
Full Record: Donciu, Ramiro. Cu privire la activitatea militara a lui Caius (Caligula) in anul 40 e.n. (1983)
Full Record: Hansen, Peter. A history of Caligula's Vesta. (1992)
Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Augustus, Caligula oder Caludius? (1978)
Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Die Organisation der Münzprgung Caligulas. (1987)
Full Record: Johansen, Flemming S. The sculpted portraits of Caligula. (1987)
Full Record: Carter, G. F. Chemical compositions of copper-based Roman coins. V : imitations of Caligula, Claudius, and Nero / G. F. Carter and others. (1978)
Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. L'atelier de Lyon sous Auguste : Tibre et Caligula. (1979)
Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Les missions d'or et d'argent de Caligula dans l'atelier de Lyon. (1976)
Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Le monnayage de l'atelier de Lyon des origines au rgne de Caligula (43 avant J.-C. - 41 aprs J.-C.). (1983)
Full Record: Nony, D. Quelques as d'imitation de Caligula trouves a Bordeaux (Gironde). (1981)
Full Record: Levy, Brooks Emmons. Caligula's radiate crown. (1988)
Full Record: Poulsen, Vagn. Un nouveau visage de Caligula. (1972)
Full Record: Price, Martin Jessop. Elephant in Crete? New light ona cistophorus of Caligula. (1973)
Full Record: MacInnis, H. Frank. Ego-driven emperor commits excesses. (1979)
Full Record: McKenna, Thomas P. The case of the curious coin of Caligula : a provincial bronze restruck with legend-only dies. (1994)
Full Record: Mowat, Robert. Bronzes remarquables de Tibre, de son fils, de ses petits-fils et de Caligula. (1911)
Full Record: Koenig, Franz E. Roma, monete dal Tevere : l'imperatore Gaio (Caligola). (1988)
Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. Caligula's coins profile despot. (1993)
Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. A numismatic mystery : "the Caligula quadrans." (1994)
Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Osservazioni su contromarche ed erosioni su assi de Caligula. (1980)
Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Moneta Imperii Romani. Band 2 und 3. Die Münzprgung der Kaiser Tiberius und Caius (Caligula) 14/41 / von Wolfgang Szaivert. (1984)
Full Record: Boschung, Dietrich. Die Bildnisse des Caligula. Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Jucker, Hans. Deutsches Archaologisches Institut. Das Romische Herrscherbild. 1. Abt., Bd. 4, Die Bildnisse des Caligula / Dietrich Boschung ; mit einem Beitrag von Hans-Markus von Kaenel ; auf Grund der Vorarbeiten und Marterialsammlungen von Hans Jucker. (1989)
Full Record: Rosborough, Ruskin R. An epigraphic commentary on Suetonius's life of Gaius Caligula. A thesis...for the...Doctor of Philosophy. (1920)
Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. A propos de l'aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)
Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. Un aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)
Full Record: Ritter, Hans-Werner. Adlocutio und Corona Civica unter Caligula und Tiberius. (1971)
Full Record: Kumpikevicius, Gordon C. A numismatic look at Gaius. (1979)
Full Record: Savio, Adriano. La coerenza di Caligola nella gestione della moneta / Adriano Savio. (1988)
Full Record: Savio, Adriano. Note su alcune monete di Gaio-Caligola. (1973)
Full Record: Stylow, Armin U. Die Quadranten des Caligula als Propaganda-münzen.münzen" aus der stdtischen sammlung zu Osnabrück. (1971)
Full Record: Schwartz, Jacques. Le Monnayage Snatorial entre 37 et 42 P.C. (1951)
Full Record: Rodolfo Martini, ed. Sylloge nummorum Romanorum. Italia. Milano, Civiche Raccolte Numismatiche Vol. 1 Giulio-Claudii / a cura di Rodolfo Martini. (1990)
Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Zur Julisch-Claudischen Münzprgung. (1979)
Full Record: Vedrianus. The Roman Imperial series. V. Gaius. (1963)
Full Record: Tietze, Christian M. Kaiser Cajus Caesar, genannt Caligula. (1979)
Full Record: Wood, Susan. Diva Drusilla Panthea and the sisters of Caligula / Susan Wood. (1995)
Full Record: Sutherland, Carol Humphrey Vivian. Coinage in Roman imperial policy 31 B.C.-A.D. 68. (1951)
Full Record: Sutherland, C. H. V. The mints of Lugdunum and Rome under Gaius : an unsolved problem. (1981)
Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Familienpropaganda der Kaiser Caligula und Claudius : Agrippina Maior und Antonia Augusta auf Münzen. (1978)
Full Record: Voirol, August. Eine Warenumsatzsteuer im antiken Rom und der numismatische Beleg inher Aufhebung : Centesima rerum venalium. (1943)
Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Zur Münzprgung des Caligula von Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza). (1973)