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Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. AR Denarius (3.03 g, 6h). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Struck 10 BC. Laureate head right / Diana, wearing polos, advancing right, holding bow and drawing arrow from quiver. RIC I 197a; Lyon 57; RSC 172; BMCRE 490 = BMCRR Gaul 192-193; BN 1438-1442.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Statue of infant Nero in toga, with bulla, holding a scroll.
Fine-grained marble. Ca. 50 A.D.
Height 138 cm.
Inv. No. MR 337 (Ma 1210; N 1580).
Paris, Louvre Museum.
educational use only
www.mart.trento.it/antonellodamessina
Il Mart di Rovereto propone un’indagine articolata e uno sguardo originale sulla figura del grande pittore del Quattrocento e sul suo tempo, attraverso lo studio degli intrecci storico-artistici e delle controversie ancora aperte, presentati in questa sede come punti di forza attraverso i quali approfondire nuovi percorsi di interpretazione critica.
Il progetto espositivo, a cura di Ferdinando Bologna e Federico De Melis, ha l’ambizione di ricostruire l’ampia scena storica e geografica dalla quale emerge l’eccezionale individualità di Antonello: un pittore che, a metà del Quattrocento, si fa interprete di un fermento creativo mediterraneo ed europeo incentrato sull’incontro-scontro tra la civiltà fiamminga e quella italiana.
Photo by Fernando Guerra
Gaius (Caligula), with Germanicus. AD 37-41. AR Denarius (3.77 g, 6h). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. 2nd emission, AD 37-38. C • CAESAR • AVG • GERM • P • M • TR • POT •, laureate head of Gaius (Caligula) right / GERMANICVS • CAES • P • C • CAES • AVG • GERM, bare head of Germanicus right. RIC I 18; Lyon 172; RSC 2; BMCRE 19; BN 28-9. cngcoins.comFor more on Caligulan Numismatic Articles see:
Related Articles of Caligula from American Numismatic Society Library Search
Library Catalog Search (Preliminary Version)
Full Record: Barrett, Anthony A. The invalidation of currency in the Roman Empire : the Claudian demonetization of Caligula's AES. (1999)
Full Record: Bost, Jean-Pierre. Routes, cits et ateliers montaires : quelques remarques sur les officines hispaniques entre les rgnes d'Auguste en de Caligula. (1999)
Full Record: Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information de Grenoble. Grenoble : Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information : catalogue des monnaies. II. Monnaies romaines. Monnaies impriales romaines. 2. Caligula - Neron . Index. / Bernard Rmy, Frdric Bontoux, Virginie Risler. (1998)
Full Record: Gainor, John R. The image of the Julio-Claudian dynasty from coins / by John R. Gainor.
Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Monete romane imperiali del Museo G. B. Adriani. Parte 3, Caius (37-41 d.C.) / Rodolfo Martini. (2001)
Full Record: ACCLA privy to presentation by Richard Baker on Caligula. (2002)
Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 1. (2002)
Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 2. (2002)
Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 3. (2002)
Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. Caligula on the Lower Rhine : Coin finds from the Roman Fort of Albaniana (The Netherlands) / Fleur Kemmers. (2004)
Full Record: Estiot, Sylviane. Le trsor de Meussia (Jura) : 399 monnaies d'argent d'poques rpublicaine et julio-claudienne / Sylviane Estiot, Isabelle Aymar. (2002)
Full Record: Gocht, Hans. Namenstilgungen an Bronzemünzen des Caligula und Claudius / Hans Gocht. (2003)
Full Record: Gomis Justo, Marivi. Ercavica : La emision de Caligula. Estimacion del numero de cunos originales.
Full Record: Sayles, Wayne G. Fakes on the Internet. (2002)
Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. The coin finds from the Roman fort Albaniana, the Netherlands / Fleur Kemmers . (2005)
Full Record: Lopez Snchez, Fernando. La afirmacion soberana de Caligula y de Claudio y el fin de las acunaciones ciudadanas en occidente / Fernando Lopez Snchez. (2000)
Full Record: Besombes, Paul-Andr. Les monnaies hispaniques de Claude Ier des dpôts de la Vilaine (Rennes) et de Saint-Lonard (Mayenne) : tmoins de quel type de contact entre l'Armorique et la pninsule ibrique ? / Paul-Andr Besombes. (2005)
Full Record: Catalli, Fiorenzo. Le thesaurus de Sora / Fiorenzo Catalli et John Scheid.
Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Faux deniers de Caligula de la Renaissance.
Full Record: Vermeule, Cornelius. Faces of Empire (Julius Caesar to Justinian). Part II(B), More young faces : Caligula again and Nero reborn / Cornelius Vermeule. (2005)
Full Record: Geranio, Joe. Portraits of Caligula : the seated figure? / Joe Geranio. (2007)
Full Record: Aguilera Hernandez, Alberto. Acerca de un as de Caligula hallado en Zaragoza / Alberto Aguilera Hernandez. (2007)
Full Record: Butcher, K. E. T. Caligula : the evil emperor. (1985)
Full Record: Fuchs, Michaela. Frauen um Caligula und Claudius : Milonia Caesonia, Drusilla und Messalina. (1990)
Full Record: Faur, Jean-Claude. Moneda de Caligula de Museo Arqueologico Provincial de Tarragona. (1979)
Full Record: British Museum. Dept. of coins and medals. Coins of the Roman Empire in the British museum. Vol. I: Augustus to Vitellius / by Harold Mattingly. (1976)
Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. A Caligula Isotope of Hadrian. (1968)
Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. The Metamorphosis of an Allegad 'As of Hadrian.' (1968)
Full Record: Bendall, Simon. A 'new' gold quinarius of Caligula. (1985)
Full Record: Cortellini, Nereo. Le monete di Caligola nel Cohen.
Full Record: Guey, Julien. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula "Immensi Avreorvm Acervi (Sutone, Cal., 42,3).
Full Record: Guey, J. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula : Sutone, Cal. 42, 3.
Full Record: Curry, Michael R. The Aes Quadrans of Caligula. (1968)
Full Record: Jonas, Elemr. L'emploi dar "damnatio memoriae" sur l'un des "dupondius" de Calgula. (1937)
Full Record: Julian, R. W. The coins of Caligula. (1994)
Full Record: Donciu, Ramiro. Cu privire la activitatea militara a lui Caius (Caligula) in anul 40 e.n. (1983)
Full Record: Hansen, Peter. A history of Caligula's Vesta. (1992)
Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Augustus, Caligula oder Caludius? (1978)
Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Die Organisation der Münzprgung Caligulas. (1987)
Full Record: Johansen, Flemming S. The sculpted portraits of Caligula. (1987)
Full Record: Carter, G. F. Chemical compositions of copper-based Roman coins. V : imitations of Caligula, Claudius, and Nero / G. F. Carter and others. (1978)
Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. L'atelier de Lyon sous Auguste : Tibre et Caligula. (1979)
Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Les missions d'or et d'argent de Caligula dans l'atelier de Lyon. (1976)
Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Le monnayage de l'atelier de Lyon des origines au rgne de Caligula (43 avant J.-C. - 41 aprs J.-C.). (1983)
Full Record: Nony, D. Quelques as d'imitation de Caligula trouves a Bordeaux (Gironde). (1981)
Full Record: Levy, Brooks Emmons. Caligula's radiate crown. (1988)
Full Record: Poulsen, Vagn. Un nouveau visage de Caligula. (1972)
Full Record: Price, Martin Jessop. Elephant in Crete? New light ona cistophorus of Caligula. (1973)
Full Record: MacInnis, H. Frank. Ego-driven emperor commits excesses. (1979)
Full Record: McKenna, Thomas P. The case of the curious coin of Caligula : a provincial bronze restruck with legend-only dies. (1994)
Full Record: Mowat, Robert. Bronzes remarquables de Tibre, de son fils, de ses petits-fils et de Caligula. (1911)
Full Record: Koenig, Franz E. Roma, monete dal Tevere : l'imperatore Gaio (Caligola). (1988)
Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. Caligula's coins profile despot. (1993)
Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. A numismatic mystery : "the Caligula quadrans." (1994)
Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Osservazioni su contromarche ed erosioni su assi de Caligula. (1980)
Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Moneta Imperii Romani. Band 2 und 3. Die Münzprgung der Kaiser Tiberius und Caius (Caligula) 14/41 / von Wolfgang Szaivert. (1984)
Full Record: Boschung, Dietrich. Die Bildnisse des Caligula. Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Jucker, Hans. Deutsches Archaologisches Institut. Das Romische Herrscherbild. 1. Abt., Bd. 4, Die Bildnisse des Caligula / Dietrich Boschung ; mit einem Beitrag von Hans-Markus von Kaenel ; auf Grund der Vorarbeiten und Marterialsammlungen von Hans Jucker. (1989)
Full Record: Rosborough, Ruskin R. An epigraphic commentary on Suetonius's life of Gaius Caligula. A thesis...for the...Doctor of Philosophy. (1920)
Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. A propos de l'aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)
Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. Un aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)
Full Record: Ritter, Hans-Werner. Adlocutio und Corona Civica unter Caligula und Tiberius. (1971)
Full Record: Kumpikevicius, Gordon C. A numismatic look at Gaius. (1979)
Full Record: Savio, Adriano. La coerenza di Caligola nella gestione della moneta / Adriano Savio. (1988)
Full Record: Savio, Adriano. Note su alcune monete di Gaio-Caligola. (1973)
Full Record: Stylow, Armin U. Die Quadranten des Caligula als Propaganda-münzen.münzen" aus der stdtischen sammlung zu Osnabrück. (1971)
Full Record: Schwartz, Jacques. Le Monnayage Snatorial entre 37 et 42 P.C. (1951)
Full Record: Rodolfo Martini, ed. Sylloge nummorum Romanorum. Italia. Milano, Civiche Raccolte Numismatiche Vol. 1 Giulio-Claudii / a cura di Rodolfo Martini. (1990)
Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Zur Julisch-Claudischen Münzprgung. (1979)
Full Record: Vedrianus. The Roman Imperial series. V. Gaius. (1963)
Full Record: Tietze, Christian M. Kaiser Cajus Caesar, genannt Caligula. (1979)
Full Record: Wood, Susan. Diva Drusilla Panthea and the sisters of Caligula / Susan Wood. (1995)
Full Record: Sutherland, Carol Humphrey Vivian. Coinage in Roman imperial policy 31 B.C.-A.D. 68. (1951)
Full Record: Sutherland, C. H. V. The mints of Lugdunum and Rome under Gaius : an unsolved problem. (1981)
Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Familienpropaganda der Kaiser Caligula und Claudius : Agrippina Maior und Antonia Augusta auf Münzen. (1978)
Full Record: Voirol, August. Eine Warenumsatzsteuer im antiken Rom und der numismatische Beleg inher Aufhebung : Centesima rerum venalium. (1943)
Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Zur Münzprgung des Caligula von Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza). (1973)
Rudolf Hacke 'Bookbinder at Work', The Grohmann Museum, 'Man at Work' collection, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Necrópolis romana.
Vía sepulcral de la Plaza de la Villa de Madrid.
Barcelona.
Hispania Epigraphica:
www.eda-bea.es/pub/record_card_2.php?refpage=%2Fpub%2Fsea...
Drusus the Elder and Antonia (?).
Later inscripton: Ἀλφήος συν Ἀρεθῶνι (Gem of Alpheos and Arethon).
Sardonyx. Late 1st century B.C. 2.5 × 2.1 cm.
Saint-Petersburg, The State Hermitage Museum.
educational use only
Mit seiner Mutter Agrippina d. J. Aureus, Lyon. 54. AGRIPP AVG DIVI CLAVD NERONIS CAES MATER Kopf des Nero n. r., gegenüber drapierte Büste der Agrippina n. l. Rv. EX. SC in einem Eichenkranz, aussen NERONI CLAVD DIVI F CAES AVG GERM IMP TR P. 7,57 g. BN II, 115, 4. C. 6. RIC 150, 1.
A ROMAN MARBLE PORTRAIT HEAD OF A MAN
CIRCA EARLY 1ST CENTURY A.D.
Inclined and turned slightly to his right, with a cleft chin, a slender nose and a small mouth, the lips pressed together, the unarticulated eyes with heavy upper lids beneath overhanging brows, the forehead creased, the hair arranged in rows of short, overlapping curving locks, breaking at the center of the forehead to the left and right, with thick, forward curving locks in front of the prominent ears, a long neck and sagging jowls, the back of the head unfinished, suggesting placement within a columbarium niche
13¾ in. (34.9 cm.) high
Provenance
with Galerie Nefer, Zurich, 1991 (Menschliche Götter - Göttliche Menschen, Antike Bildnisse in Stein, no. 11).
with Royal-Athena Galleries, New York, 2002 (Art of the Ancient World, vol. XIII, no. 9).
Lot Notes
The style of the hair and the treatment of the details of the face are typical of the early Julio-Claudian period. According to Zanker (p. 293 in The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus), "in their facial expression and the tilt of the head these likenesses echo precisely the stereotypical formulas of portraits made to honor Augustus and the Julio-Claudian princes."
educational use only
Flavia Chysis a su madre Terentia Fuscula.
Finales del siglo II d. C.
Necrópolis romana.
Vía sepulcral de la Plaza de la Villa de Madrid.
Barcelona.
Hispania Epigraphica:
www.eda-bea.es/pub/record_card_2.php?refpage=%2Fpub%2Fsea...
PHRYGIA, Synaus. Nero, with Agrippina Junior. AD 54-68. Æ 19mm (4.72 g). Metrophanes, magistrate. Struck circa AD 55. Draped bust of Agrippina Junior vis à vis bare head of Nero left / Apollo standing right, shooting arrow from bow. RPC I 3107; SNG Copenhagen 702; SNG von Aulock 3966.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Black Basalt Portrait Medallion of Caligula, English, 18th century, probably from a set of portrait medallions of the twelve Caesars and their Empresses. Mounted in a later frame; 2" high (plaque only), 5.125" overall height.
SYRIA, Seleucis and Pieria. Antioch. Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. AR Tetradrachm (26mm, 15.00 g, 12h). Dated Actian Era 30 (2/1 BC). Laureate head right / Tyche seated right on rock outcropping, holding palm branch, foot resting on river-god Orontes swimming right; Λ (date) above. RPC I 4156; McAlee 185; Prieur 55.
roman villa from the shores of Albano Lake. 2 of Caligula's portraits were also recovered from Lake Albano.
www.mart.trento.it/antonellodamessina
Il Mart di Rovereto propone un’indagine articolata e uno sguardo originale sulla figura del grande pittore del Quattrocento e sul suo tempo, attraverso lo studio degli intrecci storico-artistici e delle controversie ancora aperte, presentati in questa sede come punti di forza attraverso i quali approfondire nuovi percorsi di interpretazione critica.
Il progetto espositivo, a cura di Ferdinando Bologna e Federico De Melis, ha l’ambizione di ricostruire l’ampia scena storica e geografica dalla quale emerge l’eccezionale individualità di Antonello: un pittore che, a metà del Quattrocento, si fa interprete di un fermento creativo mediterraneo ed europeo incentrato sull’incontro-scontro tra la civiltà fiamminga e quella italiana.
Photo by Fernando Guerra
www.mart.trento.it/antonellodamessina
Il Mart di Rovereto propone un’indagine articolata e uno sguardo originale sulla figura del grande pittore del Quattrocento e sul suo tempo, attraverso lo studio degli intrecci storico-artistici e delle controversie ancora aperte, presentati in questa sede come punti di forza attraverso i quali approfondire nuovi percorsi di interpretazione critica.
Il progetto espositivo, a cura di Ferdinando Bologna e Federico De Melis, ha l’ambizione di ricostruire l’ampia scena storica e geografica dalla quale emerge l’eccezionale individualità di Antonello: un pittore che, a metà del Quattrocento, si fa interprete di un fermento creativo mediterraneo ed europeo incentrato sull’incontro-scontro tra la civiltà fiamminga e quella italiana.
Photo by Fernando Guerra
Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. AR Cistophoric Tetradrachm (27mm, 11.57 g, 12h). Ephesus mint. Struck circa 24-20 BC. Bare head right / Garlanded and filleted altar decorated with stags standing vis-à-vis. RIC I 482; Sutherland Group VI; RPC I 2215; RSC 33.
Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. AR Denarius (3.87 g, 2h). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Struck 12 BC. Bare head right / Capricorn right, holding globe between front hooves. RIC I 174; Lyon 29; RSC 147; BMCRE 465-466 = BMCRR Gaul 177; BN 1403-1406.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Nero (54 - 68 n.Chr.) und Agrippina minor, AE (10,49 g.), Beamter: Marios Kordos, 54 - 59 n.Chr. Vs.: NERON KAISAR SEBASTOS AGRIPPINA SEBASTH, gegenständige Büsten der Agrippina (links) und des Nero (rechts). Rs.: EPI MARIOU KORDOU KOION FRUGIAS APAMEIS, Adler hält einen Kranz. BMC 143; Sear 648; RPC 3136.
JULIUS CAESAR. 47-46 BC. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.71 gm). Military mint travelling with Caesar in North Africa. Diademed head of Venus right / CAESAR, Aeneas walking left, carrying Anchises and palladium. Crawford 458/1; CRI 55; Sydenham 1013; RSC 12.
www.mart.trento.it/antonellodamessina
Il Mart di Rovereto propone un’indagine articolata e uno sguardo originale sulla figura del grande pittore del Quattrocento e sul suo tempo, attraverso lo studio degli intrecci storico-artistici e delle controversie ancora aperte, presentati in questa sede come punti di forza attraverso i quali approfondire nuovi percorsi di interpretazione critica.
Il progetto espositivo, a cura di Ferdinando Bologna e Federico De Melis, ha l’ambizione di ricostruire l’ampia scena storica e geografica dalla quale emerge l’eccezionale individualità di Antonello: un pittore che, a metà del Quattrocento, si fa interprete di un fermento creativo mediterraneo ed europeo incentrato sull’incontro-scontro tra la civiltà fiamminga e quella italiana.
Photo by Fernando Guerra
English: Julian prince. Coarse-grained marble, first Julio-Claudian era; the nose, upper lip, ears and neck are modern restorations.
Français : Prince de la dynastie julienne. Marbre à gros grains, première période julio-claudienne ; le nez, la lèvre supérieure, les oreilles e le cou sont des restaurations modernes.
Italiano: Principe della famiglia Giulia. Marmo a grandi cristalli, età augustaea; il naso, il labbro superiore, le orecchie e il collo sono restaurati.
Credit line Cesi Collection (?); Ludovisi Collection
Accession number Inv. 8636
Location Ground floor
Source/Photographer Marie-Lan Nguyen (Jastrow), 2009
Aureus. Lugdunum circa 37, 7.80 g. C CAESAR AVG GERM P M TR POT COS Bare head of Gaius r. Rev. Radiate head of Tiberius (or Augustus) r. between two stars. RIC 1. BMC 1. C 10. CBN 1. Vagi 309. Calicó 336.
This aureus belongs to an issue that is far more mysterious than generally known. It is attributed to Lugdunum, where Caligula may have struck only gold and silver during his inaugural year, and where the radiate portrait comes in two varieties: 1) without inscription and flanked by two stars (the type offered here), 2) without stars and with the inscription DIVVS AVG PATER PATRIAE (all issues attributed to Rome are of this second type). This duality invites us to speculate that the radiate portrait on the anepigraphic type offered here is actually Tiberius, and that the two stars represent Augustus and Julius Caesar – the only two men who had been deified. This becomes all the more likely if we consider that Caligula made an initial request for Tiberius’ deification, but he dropped the matter not long after he returned to Rome and learned at first hand how poor the public sentiment was for Tiberius. Along with his change of heart, Caligula may have abandoned the anepigraphic type in favour of the issue that explicitly identifies the radiate head as Divus Augustus, which he continued to strike each and every year to the end of his reign.
Nero. AD 54-68. AV Aureus (19mm, 7.34 g). Rome mint. Struck AD 64-65. Laureate head right / Nero radiate and togate standing facing, holding branch in right hand and Victory on a globe in left hand. RIC I 46; BMCRE 56; Calicó 402. The reverse depicts the Colossus, a 120 foot tall bronze statue of Nero as Sol that was created by Zenodorus for the vestibule of the Domus Aurea, or Golden House, the massive palace constructed by Nero after the fire of 64 AD. The statue was destroyed after Nero's downfall in 68, but its memory was retained in the popular name of the amphitheater constructed by the Flavians at the same site-the Colosseum.
Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. AR Denarius (17mm, 3.42 g). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Struck circa 8 BC. Laureate head right / Caius Caesar on horseback right, holding sword, shield, and reins; legionary aquila between two military standards behind. RIC I 199; BMCRE 500; RSC 40.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. Æ Dupondius(?) or As (10.96 g, 11h). “Triumphal Coinage” issue. Rome mint. M. Maecilius Tullus, moneyer. Struck 7 BC. CAESAR [•] AVGVST [•] PONT • MAX • TRIBVN IC • POT •, laureate head left, globe at point of bust; behind, Victory, touching fillet of laurel wreath and holding cornucopia / M • MAECILIVS • TVLLVS • III • VIR • A • A • A • F • F around large S • C. RIC I 434; BMCRE -; BN 650.
Ex Bourgey (5 April 1954), lot 121.
This coin, unusual because of its obverse, has been the subject of scholarly speculation. The obverse clearly shows Augustus as a victorous commander. By 7 BC, however, when this coin was struck, Augustus, now in his 50s, no longer personally commanded Rome’s armies; instead, he acted as commander-in-chief, while it fell to his stepsons, Drusus and Tiberius, to actually take the field. Drusus died in 9 BC from complications resulting from a fall. Thereafter Tiberius became Rome’s main commander until his retirement to Rhodes in 4 BC. This issue may then commemorate Tiberius’ victories in Germania, as well as his subsequent triumph and assumption of the consulship for that year (Vell. Pat. 2.97).
Leonhard Sandrock 'At the Forge', The Grohmann Museum, 'Man at Work' collection, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
English: Detail of a sitting statue of Livia Drusilla (58 BC–29 CE). Sculpted in marble in the first quarter of the 1st century. Found in Paestum (Campania, Italy) in 1860 during an excavation financed by José de Salamanca y Mayol.
Español: Detalle de una estatua sedente de Livia Drusilla (58 a.C.–29 d.C.). Esculpida en mármol en el primer cuarto del siglo I. Encontrada en Paestum (Campania, Italia) en 1860 durante una excavación financiada por el marqués de Salamanca.
Dimensions English: Statue's height: 177 cm.
Español: Altura de la estatua: 177 cm.
Credit line English: From Salamanca Collection, purchased in 1874.
Español: De la Colección Salamanca, comprada en 1874.
Accession number 2737
Location English: Level 0, Rome, room 21.
Español: Nivel 0, Roma, sala 21.
Français : Niveau 0, Rome, salle 21.
References Museum's website – Web del museo – Site du musée
Antonio García Bellido: La Livia y el Tiberio de Paestum, en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional de Madrid
Source/Photographer Luis García (Zaqarbal), 14 May 2006(2006-05-14).
Le chemin et la route communale reprenant le tracé de la voie d’Agrippa, près de Beaumont-Monteux (Drôme)
Date2007
SourceOwn work
AuthorPhilippe Ravit
used under CC Wiki guidelines
The term Via Agrippa, describes any stretch of the network of Roman roads in Gaul that were built by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, to whom Octavian entrusted the reorganization of the Gauls. In all, the Romans built 21,000 kilometres (13,000 mi) of roads in Gaul.
Agrippa's project
Agrippa's network radiated from a hub at the new strategic site of Lugdunum (Lyon). Strabo indicated the directions,[1] which were identified by Pierre Gros:[2]
a route towards the Atlantic, From Lugdunum/Lyon towards Saintes
a route towards the North Sea, via Reims, Beauvais and Amiens
a route towards the Rhine, via Langres, Trier and Cologne
and a route towards the south, to Marseille.
Though the detailed routes taken by the various stretches of the Via Agrippa are well settled on the ground, the dates of construction are still debated: in 39-38 BCE, according to the authors of the Guide romain antique;[3] 22-21 BCE, according to Pierre Gros;[4] or between 16-13 BCE, according to Paul Petit.[5]
[edit]The southern route
An ancient salt road passed to the mouths of the Rhône, keeping to the lower slopes of the hills to avoid the river's sometimes swampy flood plain. Under the impetus of Augustus, Agrippa paved a route that lay closer to the river, passing through the important Roman cities of Arles, Avignon, Montélimar, Valence, Vienne, interspersed with relay stations (mutationes) where a change of horses was maintained for official couriers. This route was augmented by the Via Antonina along the right bank of the Rhône.
Unknown
Roman, A.D. 50 - 75
Bronze
10 1/4 x 5 7/16 in.
85.AB.109
Two men wearing togas turn to look at some action to their right. As is clear from the break of the piece on the right, they are all that remains of what was once a larger bronze relief frieze. Who do these men represent, and what was the subject of the frieze? The figures are clearly different ages and show strongly individualized, almost portrait-like features. The older man carries a scroll, which probably marks him as a priest. The larger scene may have shown some kind of sacrifice to the gods. Stylistic features of the figures' clothing and hairstyles date the relief to the reign of the Roman emperor Nero.
The back of these figures is completely unfinished. This relief was probably found with the Statuette of a Goddess, probably Ceres, and the Statuette of Roma or Virtus. Together all of these pieces seem to have formed a group of relief sculpture, which may have served as appliqué decorating the same object, perhaps a chariot or a piece of furniture.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Aureus 60-61, AV 7.71 g. NERO CAESAR AVG IMP Bare head r. Rev. PONTIF MAX TR P – VII COS IIII P P EX – S C Ceres, veiled and draped, standing l. holding two corn-ears in r. hand and long vertical torch in l. RIC 23. BMC 25. C 217. CBN 33. Calicó 428.
Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. AR Denarius (2.79 g, 10h). Spanish mint (Colonia Patricia?). Struck 17-16 BC. Bare head right / Capricorn left, holding globe attached to rudder between front hooves; cornucopia on its back. RIC I 128; RSC 25.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Octavianus and Marcus Antonius. Aureus, mint moving with Octavian in South or Central Italy circa 40-39, AV 7.90 g. CAESAR – IMP Bare head of Octavian r. Rev. ANTONIVS IMP Bare head of Mark Antony r. Sydenham 1327. Barfeldt 29.19 (this coin). Babelon Julia 62 and Antonia 14. Sydenham 1327. C 5. Calicó 105 (this coin). Sear Imperators 301. Newmann, ANSAJN 2, 1990, Antony and Octavian p. 46, 39.8. Crawford 529/1.
right / Nero radiate and togate standing facing, holding branch in right hand and Victory on a globe in left hand. RIC I 46; BMCRE 56; Calicó 402. The reverse depicts the Colossus, a 120 foot tall bronze statue of Nero as Sol that was created by Zenodorus for the vestibule of the Domus Aurea, or Golden House, the massive palace constructed by Nero after the fire of 64 AD. The statue was destroyed after Nero's downfall in 68, but its memory was retained in the popular name of the amphitheater constructed by the Flavians at the same site-the Colosseum.
C. Numonius Vaala. 41 BC. AR Denarius (20mm, 3.90 g, 3h). C • NVMONIVS VAALA, bare head of Numonius Vaala (or Julius Caesar ?) right / VAALA in exergue, Roman soldier, holding sword and shield in protection, advancing left and attacking a rampart ( vallum) guarded by two soldiers, each brandishing a sword and shield. Crawford 514/2; CRI 322; Sydenham 1087 Kestner 3788; BMCRR 4216; Numonia 2.
If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:
Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/
The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at
Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.
Claudius. AD 41-54. Æ Sestertius (29.13 g, 6h). Rome mint. TI CLAVDIVS • CAESAR • AVG P M TR P • IMP • P • P •, laureate head right / NERO CLAVDIVS DRVSVS GERMAN IMP, S C across field, Arch of Nero Claudius Drusus: triumphal arch consisting of single arch and decorated piers set on raised base with four columns supporting ornate attic; attic contains central pediment decorated with simpulum and litui on either side; clippeus and ewer in flanking panels; arch surmounted by equestrian statue of Nero Claudius Drusus rearing right, spearing downward, and trophies consisting of Gallic helmets and shields flanking. RIC I 114; von Kaenel type 71; BMCRE 188; BN 213; Cohen 48.
The Arch of Nero Claudius Drusus was erected by order of the Senate sometime after the death of Drusus in 9 BC. Located on the Via Appia, it commemorated his victories along the German frontier. Eventually, the presence of the arch may have lent its name to the surrounding region, known colloquially known as the vicus Drusianus (Drusus' district). By the late fourth century AD, the arch may have survived as the arch then known as the arcus Recordationis (Arch of Remembrance).