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Water Supply Inscription- Julio Claudian by Joe Geranio

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Much information can be gained from the limited text. It would appear that the branches that intrude upon the text at certain points indicate branches of the aqueduct that are serving a particular property. The information conveyed by the text is: property supplied, owner of the property, and units of water or time allotted.

Starting at the top and moving clockwise, the texts read:

C. Iuli Caesa[ris]

C. Bicolei Rufi

Squaterian(o)

aqua una

One unit of water for the Squaterian property of C. Bicoleus Rufus, freedman? (or manager?) of C. Iulius Caesar

M. Vi[...]

aquae

? units of water, to the property of M. Vi[psanius Agrippa?...]

C. Iuli Caesar[is]

C. Bicolei [Rufus?]

aqu[a... ab hora]

sex[ta ad]

occa[sum solis]

? units of water, from the sixth hour to sundown, for the property of C. Bicoleus, freedman? (or manager?) of C. Iulius Caesar

C. Iuli Hymeti

Aufidiano

aquae duae

ab hora secunda

ad horam sextam

Two units of water, from the second hour to the sixth hour, for the Aufidian property of C. Iulius Hymetus

[...] Augusti l(ibertus) Thyrsi

[a]quae duae

[...secu]nda ad horam

[...] quarto pridie

Two units of water, from the second hour to the ? hour, for the property of Thyrsus, freedman of Augustus, on the third day before and the day before (the beginning of each month).

Each property is allocated a number of units of water and/or a time allotment, sometimes limited to certain days. This reveals a complex and organized system of water allotment.

It is interesting to note the names of Julius Caesar, Augustus, and Agrippa(?) present in each entry of this text. These names do not refer to the well-known historical figures, but rather to their freedmen who, as was customary, assumed the names of the masters who had manumitted them. These properties were most likely owned or managed by imperial freedmen or overseers of imperial properties.

The name Bicoleus appears twice. He does not appear to be a freedman of C. Iulius Caesar because at his manumission he should have adopted the praenomen and nomen of his patron. He would then be called C. Iulius Rufus. He also does not appear to be a slave, since slaves had only one name. He may perhaps be a vilicus or overseer of the estate.

An inscription from Lamasba, in modern day Algeria, conveys similar information about the hours (and days) allotted for individual use of aqueduct water. It does not have a visual component, but is a very formal and comprehensive list. For the full text and further information, see CIL VIII 18587 and B. D. Shaw, in: Antiquitès africaines (1982), 61-103. See also R. Taylor in: Life of the Average Roman (1999).

Text from news wire

If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:

Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/

The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at

portraitsofcaligula.com/

Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.

Germanicus Glass Medallion by Joe Geranio

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Molded glass medallion of Germanicus (c. 20-40 CE), brother of Claudius and husband of Agrippina the Elder. Germanicus is shown surrounded by the heads of three of his six children portrayed as infants. VROMA

716 Nero and Poppea Aureus by Joe Geranio

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Nero. AD 54-68. AV Aureus (19mm, 7.32 g, 6h). Rome mint. Struck circa AD 64-65. Laureate head right / AVGVSTVS AVGVSTA, Nero, radiate, and Poppaea Sabina, veiled, standing left, each holding patera; Nero also holding scepter, Poppaea holding double cornucopias. RIC I 44; Calicó 401.

Martin Meyer-Pyritz 'Fabric Dyer', The Grohmann Museum roof top sculptures, 'Man at Work' collection, Milwaukee, Wisconsin by Hanne Therkildsen

Martin Meyer-Pyritz 'Fabric Dyer', The Grohmann Museum roof top sculptures, 'Man at Work' collection, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

2332 antonia 11 by Joe Geranio

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Claudius für Antonia.. Dupondius 41/50, zur Erinnerung an die Mutter des Kaisers. Büste / Kaiser in Toga mit Simpulum. RIC 92; C. 6. 12.86 g.

76 Claudius Denarius by Joe Geranio

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Roman Sculpture by Joe Geranio

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Photo courtesy David Emery

gelato shop_detail1 by Anna Bain

Rendition of Caligula's Pleasure Barge by Joe Geranio

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Think about the size of this ship on a small lake like Nemi!! That crazy Caligula!

Berlin: Altes Museum Ceasar and Cleopatra by stuartpaterson

Nymphéas by Claude Monet by Filip Maljković

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Nymphéas by Claude Monet (1914-1917), Marmottan Museum, Paris

Augustus 3.57 g. Rome Mint by Joe Geranio

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Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. AR Denarius (3.57 g, 12h). Rome mint. Q. Rustius, moneyer. Struck 19/8 BC. Jugate, draped busts right of Fortuna Victrix, wearing round helmet and Fortuna Felix, diademed, set on bar with ram’s head finials / Ornamented altar inscribed FOR•RE. RIC I 322; RSC 513; BMCRE 2-4 = BMCRR Rome 4580-4582; BN 221-228.

If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:

Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/

The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at

portraitsofcaligula.com/

Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.

266 Caligula Vesta As 17 by Joe Geranio

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GAIUS CALIGULA.. 37-41 AD. Æ As (10.72 gm). Struck 37-38 AD. C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT, bare head left / VESTA above, S C across field, Vesta seated left, holding patera and sceptre. RIC I 38; BMCRE 46; BN 54; Szaivert 9-6; Cohen 27. For more on Caligulan Numismatic Articles see: Coins courtesy cngoins.com

Related Articles of Caligula from American Numismatic Society Library Search

Library Catalog Search (Preliminary Version)

Full Record: Barrett, Anthony A. The invalidation of currency in the Roman Empire : the Claudian demonetization of Caligula's AES. (1999)

Full Record: Bost, Jean-Pierre. Routes, cits et ateliers montaires : quelques remarques sur les officines hispaniques entre les rgnes d'Auguste en de Caligula. (1999)

Full Record: Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information de Grenoble. Grenoble : Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information : catalogue des monnaies. II. Monnaies romaines. Monnaies impriales romaines. 2. Caligula - Neron . Index. / Bernard Rmy, Frdric Bontoux, Virginie Risler. (1998)

Full Record: Gainor, John R. The image of the Julio-Claudian dynasty from coins / by John R. Gainor.

Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Monete romane imperiali del Museo G. B. Adriani. Parte 3, Caius (37-41 d.C.) / Rodolfo Martini. (2001)

Full Record: ACCLA privy to presentation by Richard Baker on Caligula. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 1. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 2. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 3. (2002)

Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. Caligula on the Lower Rhine : Coin finds from the Roman Fort of Albaniana (The Netherlands) / Fleur Kemmers. (2004)

Full Record: Estiot, Sylviane. Le trsor de Meussia (Jura) : 399 monnaies d'argent d'poques rpublicaine et julio-claudienne / Sylviane Estiot, Isabelle Aymar. (2002)

Full Record: Gocht, Hans. Namenstilgungen an Bronzemünzen des Caligula und Claudius / Hans Gocht. (2003)

Full Record: Gomis Justo, Marivi. Ercavica : La emision de Caligula. Estimacion del numero de cunos originales.

Full Record: Sayles, Wayne G. Fakes on the Internet. (2002)

Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. The coin finds from the Roman fort Albaniana, the Netherlands / Fleur Kemmers . (2005)

Full Record: Lopez Snchez, Fernando. La afirmacion soberana de Caligula y de Claudio y el fin de las acunaciones ciudadanas en occidente / Fernando Lopez Snchez. (2000)

Full Record: Besombes, Paul-Andr. Les monnaies hispaniques de Claude Ier des dpôts de la Vilaine (Rennes) et de Saint-Lonard (Mayenne) : tmoins de quel type de contact entre l'Armorique et la pninsule ibrique ? / Paul-Andr Besombes. (2005)

Full Record: Catalli, Fiorenzo. Le thesaurus de Sora / Fiorenzo Catalli et John Scheid.

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Faux deniers de Caligula de la Renaissance.

Full Record: Vermeule, Cornelius. Faces of Empire (Julius Caesar to Justinian). Part II(B), More young faces : Caligula again and Nero reborn / Cornelius Vermeule. (2005)

Full Record: Geranio, Joe. Portraits of Caligula : the seated figure? / Joe Geranio. (2007)

Full Record: Aguilera Hernandez, Alberto. Acerca de un as de Caligula hallado en Zaragoza / Alberto Aguilera Hernandez. (2007)

Full Record: Butcher, K. E. T. Caligula : the evil emperor. (1985)

Full Record: Fuchs, Michaela. Frauen um Caligula und Claudius : Milonia Caesonia, Drusilla und Messalina. (1990)

Full Record: Faur, Jean-Claude. Moneda de Caligula de Museo Arqueologico Provincial de Tarragona. (1979)

Full Record: British Museum. Dept. of coins and medals. Coins of the Roman Empire in the British museum. Vol. I: Augustus to Vitellius / by Harold Mattingly. (1976)

Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. A Caligula Isotope of Hadrian. (1968)

Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. The Metamorphosis of an Allegad 'As of Hadrian.' (1968)

Full Record: Bendall, Simon. A 'new' gold quinarius of Caligula. (1985)

Full Record: Cortellini, Nereo. Le monete di Caligola nel Cohen.

Full Record: Guey, Julien. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula "Immensi Avreorvm Acervi (Sutone, Cal., 42,3).

Full Record: Guey, J. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula : Sutone, Cal. 42, 3.

Full Record: Curry, Michael R. The Aes Quadrans of Caligula. (1968)

Full Record: Jonas, Elemr. L'emploi dar "damnatio memoriae" sur l'un des "dupondius" de Calgula. (1937)

Full Record: Julian, R. W. The coins of Caligula. (1994)

Full Record: Donciu, Ramiro. Cu privire la activitatea militara a lui Caius (Caligula) in anul 40 e.n. (1983)

Full Record: Hansen, Peter. A history of Caligula's Vesta. (1992)

Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Augustus, Caligula oder Caludius? (1978)

Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Die Organisation der Münzprgung Caligulas. (1987)

Full Record: Johansen, Flemming S. The sculpted portraits of Caligula. (1987)

Full Record: Carter, G. F. Chemical compositions of copper-based Roman coins. V : imitations of Caligula, Claudius, and Nero / G. F. Carter and others. (1978)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. L'atelier de Lyon sous Auguste : Tibre et Caligula. (1979)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Les missions d'or et d'argent de Caligula dans l'atelier de Lyon. (1976)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Le monnayage de l'atelier de Lyon des origines au rgne de Caligula (43 avant J.-C. - 41 aprs J.-C.). (1983)

Full Record: Nony, D. Quelques as d'imitation de Caligula trouves a Bordeaux (Gironde). (1981)

Full Record: Levy, Brooks Emmons. Caligula's radiate crown. (1988)

Full Record: Poulsen, Vagn. Un nouveau visage de Caligula. (1972)

Full Record: Price, Martin Jessop. Elephant in Crete? New light ona cistophorus of Caligula. (1973)

Full Record: MacInnis, H. Frank. Ego-driven emperor commits excesses. (1979)

Full Record: McKenna, Thomas P. The case of the curious coin of Caligula : a provincial bronze restruck with legend-only dies. (1994)

Full Record: Mowat, Robert. Bronzes remarquables de Tibre, de son fils, de ses petits-fils et de Caligula. (1911)

Full Record: Koenig, Franz E. Roma, monete dal Tevere : l'imperatore Gaio (Caligola). (1988)

Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. Caligula's coins profile despot. (1993)

Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. A numismatic mystery : "the Caligula quadrans." (1994)

Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Osservazioni su contromarche ed erosioni su assi de Caligula. (1980)

Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Moneta Imperii Romani. Band 2 und 3. Die Münzprgung der Kaiser Tiberius und Caius (Caligula) 14/41 / von Wolfgang Szaivert. (1984)

Full Record: Boschung, Dietrich. Die Bildnisse des Caligula. Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Jucker, Hans. Deutsches Archaologisches Institut. Das Romische Herrscherbild. 1. Abt., Bd. 4, Die Bildnisse des Caligula / Dietrich Boschung ; mit einem Beitrag von Hans-Markus von Kaenel ; auf Grund der Vorarbeiten und Marterialsammlungen von Hans Jucker. (1989)

Full Record: Rosborough, Ruskin R. An epigraphic commentary on Suetonius's life of Gaius Caligula. A thesis...for the...Doctor of Philosophy. (1920)

Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. A propos de l'aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)

Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. Un aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)

Full Record: Ritter, Hans-Werner. Adlocutio und Corona Civica unter Caligula und Tiberius. (1971)

Full Record: Kumpikevicius, Gordon C. A numismatic look at Gaius. (1979)

Full Record: Savio, Adriano. La coerenza di Caligola nella gestione della moneta / Adriano Savio. (1988)

Full Record: Savio, Adriano. Note su alcune monete di Gaio-Caligola. (1973)

Full Record: Stylow, Armin U. Die Quadranten des Caligula als Propaganda-münzen.münzen" aus der stdtischen sammlung zu Osnabrück. (1971)

Full Record: Schwartz, Jacques. Le Monnayage Snatorial entre 37 et 42 P.C. (1951)

Full Record: Rodolfo Martini, ed. Sylloge nummorum Romanorum. Italia. Milano, Civiche Raccolte Numismatiche Vol. 1 Giulio-Claudii / a cura di Rodolfo Martini. (1990)

Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Zur Julisch-Claudischen Münzprgung. (1979)

Full Record: Vedrianus. The Roman Imperial series. V. Gaius. (1963)

Full Record: Tietze, Christian M. Kaiser Cajus Caesar, genannt Caligula. (1979)

Full Record: Wood, Susan. Diva Drusilla Panthea and the sisters of Caligula / Susan Wood. (1995)

Full Record: Sutherland, Carol Humphrey Vivian. Coinage in Roman imperial policy 31 B.C.-A.D. 68. (1951)

Full Record: Sutherland, C. H. V. The mints of Lugdunum and Rome under Gaius : an unsolved problem. (1981)

Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Familienpropaganda der Kaiser Caligula und Claudius : Agrippina Maior und Antonia Augusta auf Münzen. (1978)

Full Record: Voirol, August. Eine Warenumsatzsteuer im antiken Rom und der numismatische Beleg inher Aufhebung : Centesima rerum venalium. (1943)

Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Zur Münzprgung des Caligula von Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza). (1973)

Antony and Octavian AR Denarius by Joe Geranio

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Mark Antony and Octavian. 41 BC. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.89 g, 12h). Ephesus mint. M. Barbatius Pollio, moneyer. M. ANT. IMP AVG. III. VIR. R. PC. M. BARBAT. Q. P, bare head of Antony right / CAESAR. IMP. PONT. III. VIR. R. P. C., bare head of Octavian right, wearing slight beard. Crawford 517/2; CRI 243; Sydenham 1181; Kestner 3793-3795; BMCRR East 100; RSC 8a.

After the assassination of Julius Caesar, his power was divided between Mark Antony, the Dictator’s second-in-command and presumed heir, and Gaius Octavius, Caesar’s great-nephew and legal heir. To unite themselves against the assassins, led by Brutus and Cassius, Antony and Octavian, as he was now known, united themselves in what would eventually come to be known as the “Second Triumvirate”. Such a union was at best a tenuous relationship, as both individuals vied to acquire supreme power over the other. Antony, the older of the two, clearly believed himself the senior member. Octavian, on the other hand, at 19 and as Caesar’s legal heir, supposed otherwise. This denarius with each portrait on either side demonstrates Antony’s perceptions in the developing iconography of the new regime: the portrait of Antony may be taken as the obverse reserved for the chief ruler, which Antony believed himself to be, while that of Octavian, on the reverse and much younger with the traces of his first beard still remaining, is the subordinate. While the triumvirate was renewed in 40 BC and sealed through the marriage of Octavian’s sister to Antony, the political arrangement continued to sour, resulting in civil war and the ultimate destruction of Antony at Actium

The Triumvirs. Mark Antony. Autumn 32-spring 31 BC. AR Denarius by Joe Geranio

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The Triumvirs. Mark Antony. Autumn 32-spring 31 BC. AR Denarius (15mm, 3.72 g, 6h). Legionary issue. Patrae(?) mint. Praetorian galley right / Aquila right between two signa; LEG V across lower field. Crawford 544/18; CRI 354; Sydenham 1221; RSC 32. courtesy cngcoins.com

Apollo Sauroktonos by Praxiteles - copia nei Musei Vaticani- Salla delle statue, IV century B.C. by M.Pardy

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GAIUS CALIGULA. 37-41 AD. Æ As by Joe Geranio

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GAIUS CALIGULA. 37-41 AD. Æ As (11.21 gm). Struck 37/38 AD. C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT, bare head left / VESTA, S C across field, Vesta seated left, holding patera and sceptre. RIC I 38; BMCRE 46; Cohen 27. For more on Caligulan Numismatic Articles see: Coins courtesy cngoins.com