View allAll Photos Tagged absorption
April 2012
The Netherlands
Candid shots in and around the Public Transport in The Netherlands
Ricoh GRD IV
Please do not reproduce or use this picture without my explicit permission.
If you ask nicely I will probably say yes, just ask me first!
Appreciate the awards and scripted comments
But I will remove them...
All rights reserved
In this and the following post, I present spectro-radiometry of the low Sun from 380nm to 2500nm (with a small gap from 780–900nm). These exhibit strong telluric (arising in the Earth’s atmosphere) absorption bands from molecules and short-lived molecular collisional pairs.
The radiometric calibration is provided in the visible spectrum from observations with a Sekonic C-7000 SpectroMaster (the red line spectrum from 360–780nm). This is fitted using a spectral extinction model of the atmosphere that includes Rayleigh and aerosol scattering as well as ozone absorption (thin blue line). The extinction model is applied to the known solar spectral power distribution outside the Earth’s atmosphere (grey line spectrum).
An Ocean Optics NIRQuest 256 channel infrared spectrometer is then used with a relative flux calibration derived from a quartz-halogen lamp operating at 3000K and assumed to be a Planck function at that temperature (red spectrum from 900–2500nm). The vertical scale of the infrared data is determined from the extrapolated visible extinction model. The dashed black line is a Planck function at 3000K and is used to normalise the infrared spectrum to have a continuum close to unity (green line spectrum).
The main infrared absorption bands are marked. These include oxygen, water, carbon dioxide and methane as well as O2-O2 and O2-N2 Collisionally Induced Absorption (CIA) bands. The departure of the solar spectrum above the Planck function centred on 1600 nm is the result of the minimum of the H-minus (the hydrogen negative ion, H-) opacity in the solar atmosphere in this region. This results in the emitted power arising at these wavelengths from deeper in the solar atmosphere where the temperature is higher that that emitting visible light.
The deviation between the extinction model and the spectral data in the blue below about 450nm (shown as the pale blue ‘wedge’) is the result of skylight being included in the field of view of the visible radiometer. The following post explains how this can be corrected. When the Sun is low in the sky and much reduced in intensity by atmospheric scattering and absorption, the light from the sky becomes significant by comparison with direct sunlight at short wavelengths.
While the y-axis of the plot is labelled 'spectral irradiance' (which has the correct units) the radiometer is being restricted to a field with a diameter of about 20 degrees and so excludes much of the scattered skylight.
Acoustic ancient absorb absorption architect architects architectural art artwork artistic ambience accent accessory
Accessories acrylic
Bamboo board backdrop backwall background backlit bedhead bedroom build building built basket bark bar
Brochure
Carve carved cut cutout cut-out ceiling coco cocohusk coconut cocoshell capiz cnc comtemporary cork cast coat
Coating create creative creation counter casino cupboard closet console credenza category catalogue classical
Class classic circle cozy commercial common
Design detail decoration deco décor decorative divider diffuse diffused diffusion density dura durable display
Department departmental dining dine dim door dot dots dimension durapalm
Enclosure emboss embossed engrave engraving entertainment eco ecology environment environmental exhibits
Exhibition exhibiting element effect engineered elegant
Feature fixture foam form faux focus fusion fair frame fiber fiberboard fibre fibreboard future futuristic furniture
Furnish furnishing flat featurewall
Gouge gouged grille geometry geometric glass grass green gallery galleries graffiti gloss
handicraft handcraft handcrafted handmade hospitality hotel hotels headboard home house hinge hang hung HDF
high-density-fiberboard highdensityfiberboard honeycomb husk houz
interior interiordesign icon iconic inter internal industry industrial image imaging imagine imagination inspire inspired install installation installing indoor instill interlam
jigsaw
kireiboard
light lighting layer layered leather lami laminate laminates living laser lasercut library
mosaic modular material mediumdensityfiberboard mediumdensityfibreboard medium-density-fiberboard
medium-density-fibreboard MDF modern modern-tropical moulded mould mold molded manual marquet marquetry
marotte mother of pearl motherof pearl mother-of-pearl matt mural mesh mount mounted mounting
natural nature niche natural-plant-fiber
ornament ornamental ornate organic oldship office offices omarno
product products paint painted painting paintings PU PVC photo pearl plastic proof pangu panel panelite panelkam panelmax paper pulp precast palm polyresin polycarbonate pattern patterns plant partition project palette pieces
penshell
quilt quilted
resin rivershell resort reclaimed route routed routing repeat random retardant ripple resident residence residential
restaurant restaurants retail relief relieve room reference round
screen seashell shell semi sculpture sculptural surfaces source sources store stores stage slide sliding surface
sculptured system systems sustain sustainability show sound special shop shopfront shoplot suspend suspended
swivel substrate shape shapes shade shades sand sandstone sanded sanding spiral suspension strip stripe strips
substance
texture textured translucent tree transmaterial tile tropical trade TV textile trend treatment timber
veneer variety versatile varnish varnishing
wave wavy wood weave woven wall wallcover wallcovering wallcoverings white wardrobe wovin warm
wainscot wooden woodenwave
3d 3-d 3dimension 3-dimension 3form
The Hague
April 2012
The Netherlands
A rare sight, sadly the sky in the background will be filled by another unimaginative shopping boulevard in a couple of months..
Ah well, we will have to make the most of this beautifull light as long as it lasts.
Would rather have seen a nice park or piece of green on that spot to be quite honest
Urban life in the Netherlands
Ricoh GRD IV
Please do not reproduce or use this picture without my explicit permission.
If you ask nicely i will probably say yes, just ask me first!
If you happen to be in one of my frames and have any objections to this.
Please contact me!
All rights reserve
The Hague
May 2012
The Netherlands
Urban life in the Netherlands
Ricoh GRD IV
Please do not reproduce or use this picture without my explicit permission.
If you ask nicely i will probably say yes, just ask me first!
If you happen to be in one of my frames and have any objections to this.
Please contact me!
All rights reserved
This picture is all about loneliness, self-absorption, suspicion, distance, separation and betrayal.
The Kills - Love Is A Deserter
CM 10-3
Both shots taken on a tripod that was not moved between shots. Shot at F/3.5, 1/3s, ISO200, auto WB using a Nikon D3. Both manually focused on the same point. Shot in RAW then rotated and converted to TIFF using CaptureNX. Combined in GIMP.
District 789, Beijing
July 2012
China
Urban life
Canon 550D
Please do not reproduce or use this picture without my explicit permission.
If you ask nicely I will probably say yes, just ask me first!
If you happen to be in one of my frames and have any objections to this.
Please contact me!
Please no glossy awards, scripted comments and big thumbnails back to your own work.
I will remove them..
The name "Red Forest" comes from the ginger-brown colour of the pine trees after they died following the absorption of high levels of radiation from the Chernobyl accident on 26 April 1986. In the post-disaster cleanup operations, the Red Forest was bulldozed and buried in "waste graveyards". The site of the Red Forest remains one of the most contaminated areas in the world today.
Combinaison de cinq clichés réalisés le 14 septembre 2005 vers deux heures du matin, et destinée à illustrer l'absorption atmosphérique affectant la luminosité et la couleur de la Lune alors qu'elle s'approche de l'horizon. Au premier plan, le village de Blaziert voit la lumière de ses lampadaires être diffusée dans une discrète brume nocturne.
Pentax *ist Ds, poses de 15s, iso 800, Sigma 105 EX Macro, premier cliché à 1h53, puis à 2h03, puis un intervalle de trois minutes approximativement pour les trois suivants.
I overlayed five 15-seconds exposures to show the role played by atmospheric absorption, which reduces Moon's brightness and turn it red as it get closer to the horizon. This was made very late in the evening of September 13, 2005, with a Pentax *ist Ds DSLR and a Sigma 105 EX Macro lens. Iso 800 shots where taken at 1:53 am, then 2:03 and later with an approximate 3-minutes delay.
www.messersmith.name/wordpress/2012/04/22/more-macro-madn...
Life continues to be far busier than I imagined it might be here in Sedona. In fact, my hope of "simplifying" seems to be dashed. I sometimes thought that living in Madang was overly complex, considering the physical and social environment. Our most common refrain was, "It's always something!", implying that just when things seem to be in control some forgotten detail or requirement rears up and makes its obnoxious presence known. It would be ungrateful of me to complain, so I'll just make the observation that simply maintaining an existence in America is far more demanding of time, immensely more complex and requires the absorption much more information than does drifting through life in Madang. I'm barely keeping my head above water. I find that I barely or not at all understand much of what I'm doing. Most of the time I'm following the instructions of someone who's paid to guide me through some thing or another and signing on the dotted line when required. I think I'm managing the big picture, but I'm being dragged along by the nitty-gritty.
Fortunately, I can escape the circus once in a while for an hour or so of clear thinking and working my craft. It's an amazing thing to have my hands on the kind of equipment I've always dreamed of. The title implies that this post is all about macro stuff, but I have some other images today. My Canon 70-300 zoomer has been neglected lately. It's a workhorse lens with no particular glamorous features, though it performs its mundane tasks superbly, as this shot of a full moon rising behind a dead tree across the street attests:
Luna is partially obscured by a thin Cirrus cloud layer, softening the details of its topography and creating a soft halo. The tree is about 150 feet away and the moon is about 24,000 miles from the front of my lens. I might have stopped the lens down to ƒ32 and gotten them both in focus, but that would have required a tripod and a long exposure. This shot was taken at 300mm, ƒ22, 1/13 second with image stabilization. This combination just barely allowed me to capture the image hand-held.
Another task for which this workhorse lens excels is bird watching. Serious bird watchers will want more powerful zooms, but for my modest efforts this glass is my ticket to ride. We have some lovely birds visiting our back yard daily. One of my favorites is the Western Scrub Jay (Aphelocoma californica). I tossed a handful of peanuts on the ground near the bird bath in the back yard, set up the Canon on a tripod and started recording HD video while I went about my business with other things:
The Western Scrub Jay from Jan Messersmith.
After about forty minutes I copied the video file to my laptop and edited out the blank spots, added a little public domain music and some titles. You can listen to the song of the Western Scrub Jay here.
Changing lenses now, I'll blather on about my new favorite, the 100mm macro. This piece of glass is not simply a microscope for the little things. It's a great all-round lens for many situations. I like the flattening effect of the mild zoom for portraits and its tack-sharp images and very wide range of apertures make it my favorite carry-around lens. Here's an example of a "normal" shot in which the lens excels:
In the full resolution image from the camera the level of detail in this image is amazing. Even in the 2000 pixel wide shot, it conveys a lot of visual detail. A lens like this is really wasted on web images. It takes a full magazine page printed well to make it shine. I wish I was still in a position to sell some articles.
The shot above was taken at Red Rock Crossing, one of my favorite places for a calm walk in the woods. While walking down the shore of Oak Creek we came across an amazing example of fossil ripples in the red Schnebly Hill Sandstone formation:
After doing a little Googling on the subject I conclude that this example of fossil ripples is one of the best which is easy to visit. Here is a shot of another location nearby:
The 100mm focal length of the Canon macro lens is perfect for this shot. The slight foreshortening of distance accentuates the effect of the ripples in the red sandstone. We found three examples of the ripples within an area of a hundred feet or so.
Green being my favorite color and the high desert being particularly short of this shade, I'm snapping everything green that I can find:
Spring is coming on strong. I'm waiting for the rains which will hopefully paint the desert with flowers. I'm wishing for scenes reminiscent of the old Oscar-winning Walt Disney The Living Desert movie which I remember seeing when I was about ten years old, a very long time ago.
While I'm still showing big things shot with the macro lens I'll show you a mysterious (to me, anyway) series of holes in a Schnebly Hill Sandstone layer at Bell Rock, a famous formation just on the edge of The Village of Oak Creek where we live:
It's interesting to speculate what might have caused these holes. Being lined up in the same strata implies that whatever caused them was fairly brief in nature and rather unique, since I see no other examples in the area. My personal favorite explanation is that some event caused a large number of stream-rounded boulders of soft rock to be deposited more or less at once on the flat layer of material which later became the red sandstone of the area. When the Schnebly Hill Sandstone eroded, these soft rocks eroded more quickly, leaving the cavities. If you can do better than my guess, please wade in with a comment.
Here's a nice shot of an ancient looking tree on the side of Bell Rock. The 100mm macro is a great lens for this kind of shot:
But, of course, the raison d'être for this chunk of glass is the little stuff:
Popping up everywhere in the desert are a variety of tiny blossoms which appear to me to be daisies of some kind. I'm hopelessly uninformed about the local flora. I've come from a place where I knew quite a bit to a place where I know nothing.
But I I can appreciate the beauty and capture the images:
That will have to be enough for now.
Cacti are mysterious to me. I never realized there are so many kinds:
There is no shortage of new things to learn about here in the high desert.
Acoustic ancient absorb absorption architect architects architectural art artwork artistic ambience accent accessory
Accessories acrylic
Bamboo board backdrop backwall background backlit bedhead bedroom build building built basket bark bar
Brochure
Carve carved cut cutout cut-out ceiling coco cocohusk coconut cocoshell capiz cnc comtemporary cork cast coat
Coating create creative creation counter casino cupboard closet console credenza category catalogue classical
Class classic circle cozy commercial common
Design detail decoration deco décor decorative divider diffuse diffused diffusion density dura durable display
Department departmental dining dine dim door dot dots dimension durapalm
Enclosure emboss embossed engrave engraving entertainment eco ecology environment environmental exhibits
Exhibition exhibiting element effect engineered elegant
Feature fixture foam form faux focus fusion fair frame fiber fiberboard fibre fibreboard future futuristic furniture
Furnish furnishing flat featurewall
Gouge gouged grille geometry geometric glass grass green gallery galleries graffiti gloss
handicraft handcraft handcrafted handmade hospitality hotel hotels headboard home house hinge hang hung HDF
high-density-fiberboard highdensityfiberboard honeycomb husk houz
interior interiordesign icon iconic inter internal industry industrial image imaging imagine imagination inspire inspired install installation installing indoor instill interlam
jigsaw
kireiboard
light lighting layer layered leather lami laminate laminates living laser lasercut library
mosaic modular material mediumdensityfiberboard mediumdensityfibreboard medium-density-fiberboard
medium-density-fibreboard MDF modern modern-tropical moulded mould mold molded manual marquet marquetry
marotte mother of pearl motherof pearl mother-of-pearl matt mural mesh mount mounted mounting
natural nature niche natural-plant-fiber
ornament ornamental ornate organic oldship office offices omarno
product products paint painted painting paintings PU PVC photo pearl plastic proof pangu panel panelite panelkam panelmax paper pulp precast palm polyresin polycarbonate pattern patterns plant partition project palette pieces
penshell
quilt quilted
resin rivershell resort reclaimed route routed routing repeat random retardant ripple resident residence residential
restaurant restaurants retail relief relieve room reference round
screen seashell shell semi sculpture sculptural surfaces source sources store stores stage slide sliding surface
sculptured system systems sustain sustainability show sound special shop shopfront shoplot suspend suspended
swivel substrate shape shapes shade shades sand sandstone sanded sanding spiral suspension strip stripe strips
substance
texture textured translucent tree transmaterial tile tropical trade TV textile trend treatment timber
veneer variety versatile varnish varnishing
wave wavy wood weave woven wall wallcover wallcovering wallcoverings white wardrobe wovin warm
wainscot wooden woodenwave
3d 3-d 3dimension 3-dimension 3form
"Pride goes before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall." Proverbs 16:18
Remember the statement I made in my post Strongholds? Let me remind you if you don't want to click on the link. I think I said, "Not sure why I chose this book (Beth Moore's Praying God's Word: Breaking Free from Spiritual Strongholds). Like I don’t have any strongholds." I would take a big guess and say one of my #1 stronghold is PRIDE.
Here is why I think this: Beth Moore said something about pride and low self-esteem, "Pride is not the opposite of low self-esteem. Pride is the opposite of humility. We can have a serious pride problem that masquerades as low self-esteem. Pride is self-absorption whether we're absorbed with how miserable we are or how wonderful we are." (Beth Moore, Praying God's Word pg.49)
WHAT? Hold on a minute . . . could this be true?
When I think about it I believe Mrs. Moore is on to something because I have suffered from low self-esteem all my life. Not sure why because I've got a lot going for me. I was raised in a loving home (with the usual family issues that all families suffer from), parents who remained married, lived in a nice middle class neighborhood and went to good schools, enjoyed several hobbies (swimming, horseback riding, piano, violin and ballet), didn't have to worry about my needs, met the most wonderful man who became my best friend who became my husband, have two amazing daughters who are blessed with amazing gifts and abilities, the most wonderful group of friends and above all am a child of God. What more can a girl ask for? But that low self-esteem still rears its ugly head to this day.
For me, it can take the form of feeling sorry for myself because I'm not as talented, not as good looking, getting older . . . . the list is too long to type out but you get the picture. When I feel this way I start to nitpick on those around me who I perceive as having those things I see myself as not having. When this happens the nitpicking becomes talking ill about them.
Yes, I am that kind of person who can and does stoop that low . . . . . :-(
When I do this I give myself a false sense of feeling good which only lasts a short time because it is a lie. A lie based upon hurting others which is based upon pride.
Another form of pride that shows up in me is not wanting help. I have a hard time accepting help. I take pride in the fact that despite some life challenges I can do it myself. I can keep a house clean, work part-time, be a wife, be a mom of teenagers, keep my gardens looking nice have time to exercise, blog and take pictures. I can do it all all by myself thank you. And, I can do it all even when I'm sick!
It is when I am sick that I struggle with allowing others to help me without feeling guilty. I learned how to allow others to help me when I was going through treatment and could not help myself. It was a humbling experience. I had to learn that my loved ones didn't know what to do or how to help. They can't fight the cancer for me. But they could help bring me food, take care of the girls while I was at treatments or taking scans/tests and clean my house. I learned that it made them feel like they were helping me fight cancer by doing those things for me and I needed to let them do it. To this day I still struggle with this when I'm too sick to do it all. But I'm more willing to let it happen than I use to . . . still learning I guess.
The one thing about pride is that it is a specialty of Satan. He knows all about it because it is what banished him from heaven, “How you are fallen from heaven, O Day Star, son of Dawn! How you are cut down to the ground, you who laid the nations low! You said in your heart, ‘I will ascend to heaven; above the stars of God I will set my throne on high; I will sit on the mount of assembly in the far reaches of the north; I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will make myself like the Most High.’ But you are brought down to Sheol, to the far reaches of the pit" (Isaiah 14:12-15).
Satan loves to use pride to keep people from knowing Jesus and also "keep believers from being full of the Spirit is to keep us full of ourselves." This makes me mad because I don't want to fall into this trap set by Satan! And yet I always do. Hence it being one of my strongholds.
One thing I am certain is that God will knock pride out of our lives if we don't take the steps to do so ourselves. I like what my bible commentary has to say about this verse, "A tall tree attracts lightening. So God puts down those who are conceited. Stuck-up people usually suffer some humiliating experience, designed to deflate their ego. It takes only a small pin to prick a large balloon."
When I read this verse I thought of the picture I took of Mt. Rainier. I love Mt. Rainier because it is so beautiful and is always the backdrop of the area I live in. It is hard to believe that beneath the surface it really is a volcano. It reminds me of another beautiful mountain in our area - Mt. St. Helens. It too was majestic and beautiful. But on May 18, 1980 it lost its beauty as it erupted causing devastation and loss all around it. We are like these beautiful mountains. If we allow our beauty to puff us up the Lord will very well cause us to make changes in order to work the pride out of us.
The wonderful thing about God is that He will not leave us wounded by our pride. He will bring healing when we learn from the lessons He brings into our lives to change us. I was around when Mt. St. Helens erupted. I remember walking up to a park on a hill near our house to see the big ash cloud above the mountain. I saw the ash fall on my city like snow and read stories of those caught in the path of this eruption. Over the years I have also watched this mountain change and grow into a different kind of beauty. Nature has grown over the destruction and lives once again. The mountain doesn't look like it use to because it has a big chunk out of one side of it but it is still majestic in its new beauty.
I want to end this devotional thought on a positive note as I remind myself and you of what our lives should look like, "I therefore, a prisoner for the Lord, urge you to walk in a manner worthy of the calling to which you have been called, with all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another in love, eager to maintain the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. There is one body and one Spirit—just as you were called to the one hope that belongs to your call — one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all. But grace was given to each one of us according to the measure of Christ's gift" (Ephesians 4:1-7). The one thing about pride is that it eventually brings disunity which is another one of Satan's specialties.
Let us throw off the veil of pride together!
Krista Jones - 6.27.14
Taken from Stillness of the Morning Blog
Amsterdam
April 2012
The Netherlands
Candid shots in and around the Public Transport in The Netherlands
Ricoh GRD IV
Please do not reproduce or use this picture without my explicit permission.
If you ask nicely I will probably say yes, just ask me first!
Appreciate the awards and scripted comments
But I will remove them...
All rights reserved
The Hague
April 2012
The Netherlands
Urban life in the Netherlands
Ricoh GRD IV
Please do not reproduce or use this picture without my explicit permission.
If you ask nicely i will probably say yes, just ask me first!
If you happen to be in one of my frames and have any objections to this.
Please contact me!
All rights reserved
Between cosy pictures of a beautiful nature I post this dark one. Most emotional so far by me. Possibly not very delicious for most of people. Needs a deeper absorption. I hope to get only interesting comments about it.
I worked with this piece quite a lot. Very personal and energetic. I have 2 songs for this picture, because they both came in the same time into my life and I had vision how I can express my feelings of certain things. If you are a ’nice’ person and try to keep away of everything dark and incomprehensible, please leave me now. But if you have a deeper interest which songs I want to illustrate my work, please take a listen. These 2 bands are total cult bands in black metal and blackened death metal world, the first song is my main telephone ring. Melodies are super cool, the growing inside of music is amazing. Using of vocals and music instruments are gorgeous. Close your eyes for videos if you are very religious.
My final thought is about the music and picture is – if you don’t know Satan, how could you know God?
Dimmu Borgir - Sorgens Kammer Del.2
www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gt7YWwOmRo
BEHEMOTH / At The Left Hand Ov God
www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSkiT1Ypjcs
---
Faves without comments = I will block you.
Sensitivity training - experiencing how it feels when the Maximum Absorption Garment is filled with water.
Strangely glowing dark clouds float serenely in this remarkable and beautiful image taken with NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. These dense, opaque dust clouds - known as "globules" - are silhouetted against the red glow of hydrogen gas and bright stars in the busy star forming region, IC 2944. These globules were first found in IC 2944 by astronomer A.D. Thackeray in 1950.
Although globules like these have been known since Dutch-American astronomer Bart Bok first drew attention to such objects in 1947, little is known about their origin and nature, except that they are generally associated with large areas of star-formation, called "HII regions" due to the presence of hydrogen gas.
The largest of the globules in this image is actually two separate clouds that overlap along our line of sight. Each cloud is nearly 1.4 light-years (50 arcseconds) along its longest dimension, and collectively, they contain enough material to make more than 15 stars like our Sun. IC 2944, the surrounding HII region, is filled with gas and dust that is illuminated and heated by a loose cluster of O-type stars. These stars are much hotter and more massive than our Sun. IC 2944 is relatively close by, located only 5900 light-years (1800 parsecs) away in the constellation Centaurus.
02-01
Rayleigh's fish (Ray, on the left) features in my article on "How the Sun Paints the Sky", available at:
herschelsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/How-the...
He has just been given a companion, Hulburt's fish (Burt, right), to represent the colour of twilight and the origin of "The Blue Hour".
Ray is coloured by pure scattering in opalescent glass while Burt's complexion is provided by the pure absorption of a cobalt compound. The pair provide an excellent analogy for understanding the stunning beauty of the blue sky, the bands of twilight colour and the red of the setting sun.
The following post shows the transmission spectra of Burt's deep blue glass compared with a twilight sky's worth of ozone gas, both of which appear as a rich ultramarine blue with a deep red tint.
cross section: Zea may embryo
common name: corn grain
magnification: 100x
Triarch quadruple stain
Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library
Technical Questions:bioimagesoer@gmail.com
Taipei, Peace Park
Taiwan
2013
Urban Life in Taiwan
Nikon D7100 + 35mm 1.8
Latest blogpost: thecovertphotographer.wordpress.com/2013/08/29/in-transit...
Millets are a group of highly variable small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food. Millets are important crops in the semiarid tropics of Asia and Africa (especially in India, Mali, Nigeria, and Niger), with 97% of millet production in developing countries. The crop is favored due to its productivity and short growing season under dry, high-temperature conditions.
The most widely grown millet is pearl millet, which is an important crop in India and parts of Africa. Finger millet, proso millet, and foxtail millet are also important crop species. In the developed world, millets are less important. For example, in the United States, only proso millet is significant, and it is mostly grown for bird seed.
While millets are indigenous to many parts of the world, it is believed that they had an evolutionary origin in tropical western Africa, as that is where the greatest number of both wild and cultivated forms exist. Millets have been important food staples in human history, particularly in Asia and Africa. They have been in cultivation in East Asia for the last 10,000 years.
DESCRIPTION
Consumption of the minor millets has been practiced since the beginning of the ancient civilizations of the world. Generally, the millets are small-grained, annual, warm-weather cereals belonging to grass family. They are highly tolerant to extreme weather conditions such as drought and are nutritious compared to the major cereals such as rice and wheat. They contain low phytic acid and are rich in dietary fiber, iron, calcium, and B vitamins. Moreover, these millets release sugar slowly in the blood and also diminish the glucose absorption. These properties of the minor millets made the present consumers attracted to the consumption of millet.
MILLET VARIETIES
MAJOR MILLETS (the most widely cultivated species)
Eragrostideae tribe:
- Eleusine coracana: finger millet (also known as ragi, nachani,mandua or Kezhvaragu in India), fourth-most cultivated millet
Paniceae tribe:
- Panicum miliaceum: proso millet (syn. : common millet, broom corn millet, hog millet or white millet, "chena" or Chin' in Hindi, "Pani-varagu" in Tamil, "Baragu" in Kannada), third-most cultivated millet
- Pennisetum glaucum: pearl millet (also known as Sajjalu in Andhra Pradesh, Sajje in Kannada and kambu as referred by other South Indian states and bajra in Hindi), the most cultivated millet
- Setaria italica: foxtail millet, the second-most cultivated millet (also known as korralu in Andhra Pradesh and thinai in Tamil Nadu and kang or rala in Maharashtra, kakum in Hindi)
Andropogoneae tribe : Sorghum is also counted as major millets and known as jonna in Andhra Pradesh, Jolla' in Kannada, cholam in Tamil Nadu and Jowar in Hindi
MINOR MILLETS
Andropogoneae tribe:
- Coix spp.: Job's tears
Eragrostideae tribe :
- Eragrostis tef: teff
Paniceae tribe :
- Digitaria spp.: white fonio, black fonio, raishan, Polish millet
- Echinochloa spp.: Japanese barnyard millet, Indian barnyard millet (syn.: sawa millet) (also known as kodisama in Andhra Pradesh and kuthirai vaali in Tamil Nadu and bhagar or varai in Maharashtra), burgu millet
- Panicum sumatrense : little millet (also known as samalu in Telugu and samai in Tamil Nadu)
- Paspalum scrobiculatum: kodo millet (also known as varigalu in Andhra Pradesh and varagu in Tamil Nadu)
- Urochloa spp. (also known as Brachiaria): browntop millet, Guinea millet
HISTORY
Foxtail Millet is known to have been the first domesticated millet. Chinese legends attribute the domestication of millet to Shennong, the legendary Emperor of China. Similarly, millets have been mentioned in some of the oldest extant Yajurveda texts, identifying foxtail millet (priyangava), Barnyard millet (aanava) and black finger millet (shyaamaka), indicating that millet consumption was very common, pre-dating to 4500 BC, during the Indian Bronze Age. Specialized archaeologists called palaeoethnobotanists, relying on data such as the relative abundance of charred grains found in archaeological sites, hypothesize that the cultivation of millets was of greater prevalence in prehistory than rice, especially in northern China and Korea. Millets also formed important parts of the prehistoric diet in Indian, Chinese Neolithic and Korean Mumun societies. Broomcorn (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet were important crops beginning in the Early Neolithic of China. For example, some of the earliest evidence of millet cultivation in China was found at Cishan (north). Cishan dates for common millet husk phytoliths and biomolecular components have been identified around 8300–6700 BC in storage pits along with remains of pit-houses, pottery, and stone tools related to millet cultivation. Evidence at Cishan for foxtail millet dates back to around 6500 BC. A 4,000-year-old well-preserved bowl containing well-preserved noodles made from foxtail millet and broomcorn millet was found at the Lajia archaeological site in China.
Palaeoethnobotanists have found evidence of the cultivation of millet in the Korean Peninsula dating to the Middle Jeulmun pottery period (around 3500–2000 BC). Millet continued to be an important element in the intensive, multicropping agriculture of the Mumun pottery period (about 1500–300 BC) in Korea. Millets and their wild ancestors, such as barnyard grass and panic grass, were also cultivated in Japan during the Jōmon period some time after 4000 BC.
Millet made its way from China to the Black Sea region of Europe by 5000 BC. The cultivation of common millet as the earliest dry crop in East Asia has been attributed to its resistance to drought, and this has been suggested to have aided its spread.
Pearl Millet was domesticated in the Sahel region of West Africa, where its wild ancestors are found. Evidence for the cultivation of Pearl Millet in Mali dates back to 2500 BC, and Pearl Millet is found in South Asia by 2300 BC
Finger Millet is originally native to the highlands of East Africa, and was domesticated before the third millennium BC. It's cultivation had spread to South India by 1800 BC.
Research on millets is carried out by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics in Telangana, India, and by the USDA-ARS at Tifton, Georgia, United States.
PRODUCTION
Pearl millet is one of the two major crops in the semiarid, impoverished, less fertile agriculture regions of Africa and southeast Asia. Millets are not only adapted to poor, droughty, and infertile soils, but they are also more reliable under these conditions than most other grain crops. This has, in part, made millet production popular, particularly in countries surrounding the Sahara Desert in western Africa.
Millets, however, do respond to high fertility and moisture. On a per hectare basis, millet grain produced per hectare can be two to four times higher with use of irrigation and soil supplements. Improved breeds of millet improve their disease resistance and can significantly enhance farm yield productivity. There has been cooperation between poor countries to improve millet yields. For example, 'Okashana 1', a variety developed in India from a natural-growing millet variety in Burkina Faso, doubled yields. This breed was selected for trials in Zimbabwe. From there it was taken to Namibia, where it was released in 1990 and enthusiastically adopted by farmers. Okashana 1 became the most popular variety in Namibia, the only non-Sahelian country where pearl millet – locally known as mahangu – is the dominant food staple for consumers. 'Okashana 1' was then introduced to Chad. The breed has significantly enhanced yields in Mauritania and Benin.
India is the world's largest producer of millet. In the 1970s, all of the millet crops harvested in India were used as a food staple. By the 2000s, the annual millet production had increased in India, yet per capita consumption of millet had dropped by between 50% to 75% in different regions of the country. As of 2005, most millet produced in India is being used for alternative applications such as livestock fodder and alcohol production. Indian organizations are discussing ways to increase millet use as food to encourage more production; however, they have found that some consumers now prefer the taste of other grains.
In 2010, the average yield of millet crops worldwide was 0.83 tonnes per hectare. The most productive millet farms in the world were in France, with a nationwide average yield of 3.3 tonnes per hectare in 2010.
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
Millets are traditionally important grains used in brewing millet beer in some cultures, for instance by the Tao people of Orchid Island and in Taiwan. Various peoples in East Africa brew a drink from millet or sorghum known as ajono, a traditional brew of the Teso. The fermented millet is prepared in a large pot with hot water and people share the drink by sipping it through long straws.
Millet is also the base ingredient for the distilled liquor rakshi in Nepal and the indigenous alcoholic drink of the Sherpa, Tamang, Rai and Limbu people, tongba, in eastern Nepal. In Balkan countries, especially Romania and Bulgaria, millet is used to prepare the fermented drink boza.
AS A FOOD SOURCE
Millets are major food sources in arid and semiarid regions of the world, and feature in the traditional cuisine of many others. In western India, sorghum (called jowar, jola, jonnalu, jwaarie, or jondhahlaa in Gujarati, Kannada, Telugu, Hindi and Marathi languages, respectively; mutthaari, kora, or pangapullu in Malayalam; or cholam in Tamil) has been commonly used with millet flour (called jowari in western India) for hundreds of years to make the local staple, hand-rolled (that is, made without a rolling pin) flat bread (rotla in Gujarati, bhakri in Marathi, or roti in other languages). Another cereal grain popularly used in rural areas and by poor people to consume as a staple in the form of roti. Other millets such as ragi (finger millet) in Karnataka, naachanie in Maharashtra, or kezhvaragu in Tamil, "ragulu" in Telugu, with the popular ragi rottiand Ragi mudde is a popular meal in Karnataka. Ragi, as it is popularly known, is dark in color like rye, but rougher in texture.
Millet porridge is a traditional food in Russian, German, and Chinese сuisines. In Russia, it is eaten sweet (with milk and sugar added at the end of the cooking process) or savoury with meat or vegetable stews. In China, it is eaten without milk or sugar, frequently with beans, sweet potato, and/or various types of squash. In Germany, it is also eaten sweet, boiled in water with apples added during the boiling process and honey added during the cooling process.
Per capita consumption of millets as food varies in different parts of the world with consumption being the highest in Western Africa. In the Sahel region, millet is estimated to account for about 35 percent of total cereal food consumption in Burkina Faso, Chad and the Gambia. In Mali and Senegal, millets constitute roughly 40 percent of total cereal food consumption per capita, while in Niger and arid Namibia it is over 65 percent (see mahangu). Other countries in Africa where millets are a significant food source include Ethiopia, Nigeria and Uganda. Millet is also an important food item for the population living in the drier parts of many other countries, especially in eastern and central Africa, and in the northern coastal countries of western Africa. In developing countries outside Africa, millet has local significance as a food in parts of some countries, such as China, India, Burma and North Korea.
The use of millets as food fell between the 1970s and the 2000s, both in urban and rural areas, as developing countries such as India have experienced rapid economic growth and witnessed a significant increase in per capita consumption of other cereals.
People affected by gluten-related disorders, such as coeliac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity and wheat allergy sufferers, who need a gluten-free diet, can replace gluten-containing cereals in their diets with millet.
It is a common ingredient in seeded bread.
Millets are also used as bird and animal feed.
GRAZING MILLET
In addition to being used for seed, millet is also used as a grazing forage crop. Instead of letting the plant reach maturity it can be grazed by stock and is commonly used for sheep and cattle.
Millet is a C4 plant which means it has good water efficiency and utilizes high temperature and is therefore a summer crop. A C4 plant uses a different enzyme in photosynthesis from C3 plants and this is why it improves water efficiency.
In southern Australia millet is used as a summer quality pasture, utilizing warm temperatures and summer storms. Millet is frost sensitive and is sown after the frost period, once soil temperature has stabilised at 14 °C or more. It is sown at a shallow depth.
Millet grows rapidly and can be grazed 5–7 weeks after sowing, when it is 20–30 cm high. The highest feed value is from the young green leaf and shoots. The plant can quickly come to head, so it must be managed accordingly because as the plant matures the value and palatability of feed reduces.
The Japanese millets (Echinochloa esculenta) are considered the best for grazing and in particular Shirohie, a new variety of Japanese millet, is the best suited variety for grazing. This is due to a number of factors: it gives better regrowth and is later to mature compared to other Japanese millets; it is cheap – cost of seed is $2–$3 per kg and sowing rates are around 10 kg per hectare for dryland production; it is quick to establish; it can be grazed early; and it is suitable for both sheep and cattle.
Compared to forage sorghum, which is grown as an alternative grazing forage, animals gain weight faster on millet and it has better hay or silage potential, although it produces less dry matter. Lambs do better on millet compared to sorghum. Millet does not contain prussic acid which can be in sorghum. Prussic acid poisons animals by inhibiting oxygen utilisation by the cells and is transported in the blood around the body — ultimately the animal will die from asphyxia. There is no need for additional feed supplements such as sulphur or salt blocks with millet.
The rapid growth of millet as a grazing crop allows flexibility in its use. Farmers can wait until sufficient late spring / summer moisture is present and then make use of it. It is ideally suited to irrigation where livestock finishing is required.
NUTRITION
In a 100 gram serving, raw millet provides 378 calories and is a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of protein, dietary fiber, several B vitamins and numerous dietary minerals, especially manganese at 76% DV (USDA nutrient table). Raw millet is 73% carbohydrates, 4% fat and 11% protein (table).
Millet contains no gluten, so is not suitable for raising bread.
WIKIPEDIA
We ended up with 4 inches of Thinsulate insulation in the walls and ceiling. We chose Thinsulate because of its superior insulation, sound deadening, and super low moisture absorption.
Gumbo had terrible absorption issues on BaRF (Bones and Raw Food), nearly dying before we discovered that he had a significant B12 deficiency. He received weekly shots and recovered nicely (although he never regained all the weight he lost). I switched this beautiful 19yo boy back to standard cat food. Gumbo did fabulous for many months.
About a week ago, a shift in the balance of authority occurred. Mr. Grigsby picked on Gumbo relentlessly, and Gumbo laid down and took it. I repeat, Gumbo laid down and took it. Obviously something was terribly wrong. I checked, and Gumbo had his near-clonus back in his back legs. Squeeze his back legs and the muscles contract and contract and contract and contract. Gumbo's gut isn't working right, and he has developed loose stools as well. The vet put Gumbo on a ten-day course of metronidazole (finishes next weekend). And he is back on B12.
Well, today, Gumbo whacked Mr. Grigsby. Nothing fierce, merely an assertion that he still is King. . . Emperor. . . Ruler of the Home. Rather than fighting back, Mr. Grigsby acquiesced. Yep, Gumbo's still got it. And, I will say, Gumbo is a much more benevolent ruler than Mr. Grigsby one day will be.
[SOOC, f/1.6, ISO 125, shutter speed 1/500]
Cocos nucifera Linnaeus, 1753 - coconut from a coconut palm tree (public display, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA)
Plants are multicellular, photosynthesizing eucaryotes. Most species occupy terrestrial environments, but they also occur in freshwater and saltwater aquatic environments. The oldest known land plants in the fossil record are Ordovician to Silurian. Land plant body fossils are known in Silurian sedimentary rocks - they are small and simple plants (e.g., Cooksonia). Fossil root traces in paleosol horizons are known in the Ordovician. During the Devonian, the first trees and forests appeared. Earth's initial forestation event occurred during the Middle to Late Paleozoic. Earth's continents have been partly to mostly covered with forests ever since the Late Devonian. Occasional mass extinction events temporarily removed much of Earth's plant ecosystems - this occurred at the Permian-Triassic boundary (251 million years ago) and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (65 million years ago).
The most conspicuous group of living plants is the angiosperms, the flowering plants. They first unambiguously appeared in the fossil record during the Cretaceous. They quickly dominated Earth's terrestrial ecosystems, and have dominated ever since. This domination was due to the evolutionary success of flowers, which are structures that greatly aid angiosperm reproduction.
Coconuts are only produced by one species of tree - the coconut palm. Coconut palm trees are widespread along and near most tropical to subtropical, Old World and New World and Oceanic coastlines. They appear to have originated in the western and southwestern Pacific and were later introduced to the New World by Europeans.
Coconut trees have moderately thick, mostly subcylindrical, linear to curvilinear, upright to tilted trunks. The crown consists of several, very long, highly segmented leaf blades. Leaf blade segments arise from a very prominent midrib. Coconuts are the fruit of this tree. They are large, irregularly rounded, and green to yellowish-brown to brown in color, depending on the degree of ripeness.
--------------------
From museum signage:
Palm Family
Palmae
Genera: 200
Species: 3000
This family has a widespread distribution worldwide, with nearly all members restricted to tropical or subtropical regions. Palms occur in a wide range of habitats from humid lowland rainforests to semi-deserts, from mangrove swamps to high mountains.
Palms are important sources of food throughout their distribution, supplying coconuts, dates, palm oil, and sago, a major source of carbohydrate for many people living in the tropics. They also supply many useful fibers for home and furniture construction, rope, and baskets.
Slender trees, stout shrubs, or sometimes vining, stems usually unbranched.
Leaves usually large, alternate, evergreen, pinnately or palmately divided or compound, rarely entire.
Flowers regular, bisexual or unisexual, males and females found on the same or different plants, borne in paniculate inflorescences; sepals 3, free or fused; petals 3, free or fused; stamens 6, rarely many; carpels 3, free or fused basally.
Fruit a berry or drupe.
When a coconut sprouts, a shoot and roots emerge from the thick fibrous husk. Inside, a modified seedling leaf swells as it absorbs the food material stored inside the shell. After the stored food is used up, the young palm depends solely on its roots and leaves for the absorption of nourishment and photosynthesis.
Cultivated coconut palms are grown from the nuts above ground, sprouting through one of the eyes - a thin spot in the shell - as the husk splits.
When green, coconuts have a thin husk and a jellylike interior, which first turns to a clear "milk" and then builds up as the white fleshy layer. The milk is good to drink and the flesh - edible at all stages - is the source of coconut oil.
--------------------
Classification: Plantae, Angiospermophyta, Arecales, Arecaceae/Palmae
--------------------
More info. at:
Petroleum makes the world go round, doesn't it...
If this were a "Tardis" (a magical phone booth for transporting "Dr. Who") all of our transportation fantasies could come true! Maybe Algore will start working on that soon so we can all be saved from our Doomsday devices. Until then... "Fill 'er up!"
A question for you to ponder... If all the polar ice melted, would it be enough to flood the planet? Do you really believe it could? Let's leave aside the calculations about the mass of the ice versus the size of the planet for absorption of all that liquid runoff, because it's at least partially irrelevant and easy enough for even a child to prove. When's the last time you had a cup of ice water overflow because the ice melted? Ever happened to you? The proposition that polar ice melting will flood the planet could hardly be more absurd. Anyone with a glass of ice water can see it for themselves. Admittedly this only accounts for the seaborn ice that's not over the land, yet the seaborn ice is a huge factor in the overall equation accounting for from thousands to tens of thousands of square miles of ice.
Algore would've had a coronary if he'd have been around at the end of the last Ice Age wouldn't he have? All that "man made" global warming with neither a computer, nor a microphone with which to convince the lowly peons of their imminent demise. Only God knows how mankind has ever made it this far without having to move our huts out of the rising salt water. Ohhhh... maybe we just moved the huts. My bad! (...or did all "intelligent" life die at the end of the last Ice Age?)
The earth has a well established history of repeating itself in it's weather patterns, which demonstrates that it heals itself and finds an equilibrium. We've gone from warming periods to Ice Ages and back again. If it could be proven that we are in "another" warming trend, it wouldn't be a cause for alarm. Our life spans just aren't long enough to see both ends of the cycle so we are easily manipulated by the so called experts. The fact is that in the '70's they were telling us we were bringing the next Ice Age upon ourselves by our car driving/polluting ways. In all fairness, I might have missed an Ice Age between then and now... I've been known to miss things like that when I wasn't paying attention. We're a lot smarter now though, aren't we?
The "hypothetical" problem is a "manufactured" political problem about how to deal with lost titles to land (political boundaries)... it's not an environmental problem. It's about the "hypothetical" problem of people being displaced from their property by rising sea levels. I don't know anyone stupid enough to drown because they couldn't figure out how to move to higher ground. Do you know anyone like that? Think about the presumptions that have been made about your level of intelligence in order to convince you of the danger of "man made" global warming. Do they think we're daft? I think they just might... I think they're counting on it.
So... What about all this talk about "Carbon Dioxide"?
We need greenhouse gases to survive on this planet. CO2 is a greenhouse gas. They taught us in school that plants need Carbon Dioxide to live, and that they need it as humans need Oxygen to live. This is a truly symbiotic relationship. This is not a parasitic relationship. If it were a parasitic relationship we would only take and and give nothing in return. We would only drain the life out of the host organism until it died (or we died). Plants clean the air for humans, humans clean the air for plants. If we stopped producing CO2 (that's what we exhale along with animals and cars) plant life could die. It's a symbiotic relationship that we have. To add a little bit of "green" parlance to the discussion feel free to substitute the word "sustainable" for the word "symbiotic" as in this case the connotations are consistent.
Methane is another greenhouse gas that humans produce along with animals, rice paddies, and volcanoes. Yes, rice paddies produce greenhouse gases! There, I said it! Even some plant life and the earth itself produce greenhouses gases and then we have all the animals that are producing greenhouse gases 24 hours a day, 7 days a week right alongside us. Greenhouse gases are to plants what strawberry syrup is to humans! How could you even think of depriving plant life of such a treat? Have a heart! en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddy_field
Ready for another greenhouse gas? How about "water vapor"? That's right, water vapor is a greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gases are a vital part of the process of photosynthesis.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis maintains livable conditions for both plants and humans. Yes, we "need" greenhouse gases to live in this world as we know it. I shouldn't be so presumptuous about what you were taught in school... Maybe these were "Inconvenient Truths" that were never taught in your classroom. Maybe they were too busy teaching propaganda films. We've long joked about politicians who would tax us on the air we breathe if they could only figure out how to do it. Think about that, let it sink in... "Our" politicians (yours and mine) are trying to tax us on the air we breathe! Do you support them in this? Are you doing it "for the children"? Are you being manipulated???
If your friends could use a refresher on common sense send them here! ...and don't allow the politicians to steal both your tax money and your common sense!
Everyone join in! Three cheers for critical thinking skills! Pass them on! Just do it quick; they tell us that soon we'll be up to our eyeballs in seawater!
P.S. Please leave a note about where you saw this if you're so inclined. I've had many viewers outside of flickr.com and I'm curious to know where it's being seen. Thanks
Amsterdam
June 2012
The Netherlands
Urban life in the Netherlands
Ricoh GRD IV
Please do not reproduce or use this picture without my explicit permission.
If you ask nicely I will probably say yes, just ask me first!
If you happen to be in one of my frames and have any objections to this.
Please contact me!
Please no glossy awards, scripted comments and big thumbnails back to your own work.
I will remove them..
This VCOH not suitable wipe because it put together with honey
The advantage of Virgin Coconut Oil and Honey (2 in 1)
VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (PURE) + HONEY -VCOH
Processed by natural without heat and other chemical. Discovered at least 9 type fatty acid (Medium Chain Fat) namely caproic acid, caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, stearic, oleic and linoleum. Science study show it very useful to human health either baby, children, old man or woman. Suitable to be drink, swept to all body skin, can make brilliantine or can be used during with husband and wife ' relationship with smear him on the whole body.
CONTENT
70% - Virgin Coconut Oil & 30% - Honey
Nutrition Fact :
Unit
per150ml
Total sucrose
g
1.5
Glucose
g
9.0
Fructose
g
12
Water
g
6.0
Mineral
g
1.5
Carbohydrate
g
0.0
Energy
g
0.0
Protein
g
0.0
Cholesterol
g
0.0
Fat
g
80
Fat types and Its %
150ml
100%
Saturated Fats
138
92%
Monounsaturated Fats
9g
6%
Polyunsaturated Fats
3g
2%
Fatty Acid Component %
% w/w
C6
1.35
C8
9.87
C10
7.00
C12
49.81
C14
18.00
C16
6.85
C18
2.36
C18-1
4.30
C18-2
0.53
REMEDIAL EXTRAORDINARY EXPERIENCE.
Virgin Coconut oil is the best use to soften and cure dry skin and slack. When to wiped it, skin seem oily. Yet because of his nature have been absorbed easily it not leave fatty thin layer like most lotion and oil commercial. A fact of greatness virgin coconut oil over with lotion is it not only get softens the skin as lotion, but it cope dispel dead skin cell layer beside can drive new growth network that healthier
Many people certify that when applied to skin virgin coconut oil help prevent sunshine hotly (UV protection), until get help from interference like development skin cancer and whitehead because advantage ultraviolet. Crease and dry skin also caused of sunshine that too much. Virgin coconut oil also help protect skin from sunlight to damage until the body by the slow can adapt in case stated until finally may withhold to light increasingly larger. Unlike sunscreen, virgin coconut oil malfunction pursue light ultraviolet, yet facilitate body to shakedown by experience for sunlight sting, until able to increase tolerance level tandem with pass time. Yet because of different skin type, tolerance level everyone also different.
Why virgin coconut oil can stimulate remedial and recovery? This affairs because metabolic influence those owned MCFA to cell. Cellular activity, including wound healing , arranged by metabolism. When high metabolic amount, cellular activity speed up and process as remedial network hurt, poison elimination, damaged cell aggression or death cell with new cell which does to high activity. Then, his process of healing can be quickened because MCFA gives quick energy source to cell for improve metabolic and remedial ability.
The specific benefit of Virgin Coconut Oil is his ability reduce inflammation, namely get reduce inflammation chronic skin only a few days. In a study which was reported by Dr. S Sadeghi etc, pointed out that virgin coconut oil get reduce chemicals pro inflammation in the body. They suggest that virgin coconut oil use to medication serious inflammation a number of diseases. If virgin coconut oil take in nutrition, his remedies' features like those happen on the skin also occurs inside the body. Disruption that be relate with inflammation especially in channel gastrointestinal as colitis, boil, hepatitis and hemorrhoids, already remediable with the virgin coconut oil. This oil may also help reduce inflammation in the other part of body like saw to multiple sclerosis, arthritis, and inflammation to tube pulse (phlebitis) that cause hardening artery and myocardial infarction.
From description above describe that virgin coconut oil which are used in or outside body, has give many health benefit that really stunning.
The Advantage Of Virgin Coconut Oil (Pure) and (Honey)
From the Scientific Study and research made, show that combination virgin coconut oil is rich with Medium Chain Fatty Acids, it give many benefit and advantage for human health as follows :-
External Beauty:
Help reduce body weight with the increase metabolic amount
Used by the body to produce energy with the choice to be kept as other dieter fats.
Reduce psoriasis symptom , enzyme and dermatitis
Internal Health:
Increase energy and endurance physically and mental (sport athlete US & Europe use it)
Improve and reduce digestion pain problem and vitamins absorption and amino acid soluble fat.
Lunch insulin secrecy and blood glucose flow and reduce diabetes risk
Increase stress on pancreas and enzyme systems in the body and bring thyroid function
Decrease pain digestion problem and cystic fibrosis
Increase calcium absorption and magnesium that help to bone develop and strong teeth. It also protect body from osteoporosis attack.
Improve gland and prevent heart disease risk because this oil is not containing high cholesterol in the blood
Prevent atherosclerosis and stroke and help lower high-blood-pressure.
Increase Body Endurance:
Containing and help endurance system function in the body, protect the body from cancer such as breast cancer and colon cancer.
Function as antioxidant and decrease chronic inflammation
Help to protect the body from dangerous free radical that increase aging level and degenerative disease
Reduce symptoms connected with ”Prostatic Hyperplasia” (expansion prostate).
Decrease epileptics pressure and help to protect our body from kidney disease and contain of seeds infection
Help prevent lever disease and has caloric content that lower over other fats
Murder Virus, Bacteria and Fungus.
Murder virus that cause of mononucleosis, influenza, hepatitis C, chicken-pox and herpes
Murder bacteria that cause of pneumonia, earache, throat infection, teeth riddle, food poisoning, infection of the urinary tract, Meningitis and Gonorrhea.
Murder fungus that cause of Cabdida, Jock Itch, ringworm and others infection
Weaken and murder tapeworm, lice, giardia and parasite
Referent: Book “ The Healing Miracles of Coconut Oil : Dr. Bruce Fife” and Interne
1-Web refferal :www.bio-asli.com/?id=theiqbal09
2-Web refferal :www.bioasli.com/?id=theiqbal09
3-Web refferal :www.tvbioasli.com/?ref=theiqbal09
4-Web refferal :www.bioasli.co.uk/?ref=theiqbal09
5-Web refferal :www.prepaid.bioasli.com/?ref=theiqbal09
Ke borang pendaftaran : www.bio-asli.com/daftar.asp?id=theiqbal09
English Version www.bio-asli.com/eng.asp?id=theiqbal09
www.sopurecare.com/products/disposable-adult-inserts/
Sopure's disposable diaper inserts are designed to lock in moisture and give you peace of mind. You have independent maximum protection for diapers and boosters. The uniform thickness of the entire mat is specifically designed to quickly absorb moisture, helping to keep the skin clean, dry, and protected. The powerful overnight absorption and locking technology can effectively reduce the odors associated with incontinence and increase the discreteness and hygienic properties of the product. In addition to absorbing moisture from the skin, the smooth outer layer design of the disposable nappy liners also makes them comfortable to wear even on the most delicate skin.
The cleverly placed tape securely fixes these cushions in any diaper, creating a cohesive underwear feel. Every high-absorbency adult diaper liner has an odor-absorbing core, which can greatly reduce unpleasant odors, so you don't have to worry about it. Elastic edges contain sudden, unexpected flows. These most comfortable and absorbent disposable diaper liners can help you treat bladder incontinence.
Types of Disposable Adult Nappy Insert
Cheap Adult Diaper Inserts
Convenient Disposable Adult Diaper Liner
How Long Can an Adult Wear a Disposable Adult Insert?
Under normal circumstances, it is suggested to replace the disposable cloth nappy liners every 4-5 hours. Adult insert diapers with good absorption effect do not need to be replaced at night. If the elderly's urine volume is relatively large, and the water absorption of the diaper inserts for adults is not good, then it may need to be replaced every 2 hours. As one of the mature incontinence products manufacturers in China, Sopure recommends you replace the adult diaper liners according to the humidity indicator.
How Many Adult Insert Does the Average Adult Use in a Day?
As the adult insert pads need to be changed every 4-5 hours, an adult will need to change 5 to 6 adult diaper inserts per day. Of course, this can be adjusted according to the specific situation. When the urine output of the elderly is low, the use time of a single adult diaper liner can be extended. If the urine output is large, the changing time of the adult diaper liner should then be shortened correspondingly. As a professional manufacturer of disposable hygienic products, Sopure recommends users replace the adult nappy liners according to their actual needs and situations.
Safety of Sopure Disposable Adult Insert
Sopure disposable adult insert adopts a fast-absorbing core design. They can lock moisture and keep the skin dry and comfortable (for both men and women). A booster pad with adhesive is added to our adult disposable nappy liners to minimize odor and moisture absorption.
- New compact design: the upgraded design is more compact in width and length, providing better protection, so you can rest assured to get extra absorption capacity.
- Comfortable and safe: the cleverly placed tape securely fixes these cushions in any adult diaper liner, creating a feeling of cohesive underwear.
I used After Effects to make a 3D Hypercubus Cross, obviously inspired by Dali's famous painting. I found some fantastic free textures on Flickr Creative Commons created by J.L.Jones under the pseudonym SkeletalMess . Thanks Jerry for sharing your wonderful work, also available with much much more on the Shadowhouse Creations Blog.
I manipulated the textures, trimmed, rotated, lightened, darkened and recut them all to 1000x1000 pixels squares to make the sides of all the cubes. Well, the cubes actually have only the 4 visible sides. I took two shots with the virtual camera moving it sideways some, and came up with this stereo pair. Click here for a full screen version: homepage.mac.com/gaudel/WEBIMAGES/3Dhypercubuscross2500.jpg
I added the four little cubes to the Cross, changed the lighting in AfterEffects to make it glow, added a checkerboard floor made 3D with AfterEffects, and photographed Jesus and Mary Magdalene in 3D on a black stage. Mary was shot up close with a 28 mm, Jesus from a distance with a longer zoom. I assembled the pair on a black background, did a rough placement, and then adjusted them moving the left and right images in space forward and backward by sliding them sideways. There is actually a good deal of latitude. That's a pretty good start, and the depth is good. Click here to look at a full screen image:
homepage.mac.com/gaudel/WEBIMAGES/3DHYPERCUBUS2500.jpg
Now I need to add to it.
Since MM would not go behind the frame, I decided to leave her in front, enlarge the black canvas, and move the frame back. I added a new floor, the lighted globe in the night sky, the mummified Holy Spirit dove hovering, Adam's monkey skull at the foot of the Cross, and the poppy pod on an old mini cushion/scapular embroidered with IHS. Then I made the canvas even wider, and added Old Joseph in a polio brace and crutches to keep MM company... It became too much, and the Hypercubus Cross was getting lost. Click here for a full screen version:
homepage.mac.com/gaudel/WEBIMAGES/3DHYPERCUBUS+JOSEPH-SMA...
I cut out Joseph, removed the floor inside the frame, added a dark sky with red clouds I lifted off a picture on Flickr by , added another globe as a "Saturn" way back and a monstrance near the foot of the cross, moved Adam's Chimp skull forward. Finally, I went to South Alabama to visit family, and shot my first outdoor 3D pictures. A red Barn cut out from its background was dropped in the distance. All the pieces were strengthened and sharpened wit Topaz.
Perfect, I think I will leave it alone now and call it finished. How about a very special Dalinian title: "Stereoscopic Apparition of the Holy Spirit Hovering Over Mary Magdalene in Contemplation of a Vision of an Otherworldly Hypercubus Crucifixion Induced by the Absorption of Laudanum". Click here for the full screen version:
homepage.mac.com/gaudel/WEBIMAGES/3DHYPERCUBUS-3D-SHARP-Z...
Unleash your inner hunk!
Perfect for the modern man, our QZ logo vest sets the tone for day or night.
Stay and look cool with our unique heat-absorption and moisture-management fabric. Available in black, white and a selection of hot colours.
This is a measurement of the vibronic band spacing in the absorption spectrum of the ozonide ion O3- in fluorite from the Hilton mine in Cumbria. The data are from two measurements using visible (green line) and near-UV (orange line) Ocean Optics spectrometers.
The technique, described in a previous post (see first comment below), involves the normalisation of the absorbance spectra using a polynomial fit to the overall band shape and then a fitting of the period of a sinusoid to give an estimate of Delta-k = 870 +/- 5 cm-1.
A band spacing of 800 - 900 cm-1 was found by Andrews (1975, scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp/63/10/10.1063/1... ) for the O3- in Li and Na compounds.
This is the next shot, still the same dive buddy wearing the same t-shirt, but on the way up, about 10 meters deep. Here, a small bit of red light reaches us, and the shirt is a tad red. Depth makes a difference!
We did this dive to become PADI deep diving instructors, so if you like, I can now teach you to dive deep safely in the Deep Diver course with Abyss Scuba Diving in Sydney. Ask to be taught by me when you contact Abyss.
In a flash, the visible spectrum of the Sun changed from absorption to emission on March 9 during the total solar eclipse. That fleeting moment, at the beginning the total eclipse phase, is captured by telephoto lens and diffraction grating in this image from clearing skies over Ternate, Indonesia. At left, the overwhelming light from the Sun is just blocked by the lunar disk. The normally dominant absorption spectrum of the solar photosphere is hidden. What remains, spread by the diffraction grating into the spectrum of colors to the right of the eclipsed Sun, are individual eclipse images. The images appear at each wavelength of light emitted by atoms along the thin visible arc of the solar chromosphere and in an enormous prominence extending beyond the Sun's upper limb. The brightest images, or strongest chromospheric emission lines, are due to Hydrogen atoms that produce the red hydrogen alpha emission at the far right and blue hydrogen beta emission to the left. In between, the bright yellow emission image is caused by atoms of Helium, an element only first discovered in the flash spectrum of the Sun. via NASA ift.tt/1pma33F
Downtown Flint MI, on Tuesday, October 4, 2016 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) Disaster Household Distribution Program (DHHDP) activities by Genesee County Community Action Resource Department (GCCARD), are helping those in need. USDA Foods are being packaged and delivered to 17,000 households eligible for The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP) in the Flint area to help address the ongoing water crisis. DHHDP packages are prepositioned in shopping carts in the onsite distribution area that includes receptionists, commodity shelves, assistants, and checkout counters. The DHHDP consists of an additional 14-pound nutrient-targeted food package, containing foods rich in calcium, iron, and Vitamin C â which are believed to help limit the absorption of lead in the body. This number of boxes will be distributed each month for four months. The food is in addition to the regular allotment that TEFAP recipients currently receive. The packing line team included Michigan government employees volunteering their personal time produced hundreds of Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP) and TEFAP packages. CSFP works to improve the health of low- income elderly persons at least 60 years of age by supplementing their diets with nutritious USDA Foods. USDA photo by Lance Cheung.
For more information about USDA -- www.usda.gov
For more information about FNS -- www.fns.usda.gov
For more information about Disaster Nutrition Assistance Programs, including DHHDP -- www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/disaster/Disaster-Br...
For more information about CSFP -- www.fns.usda.gov/csfp/commodity-supplemental-food-program...
For more information about TEFAP -- www.fns.usda.gov/tefap/emergency-food-assistance-program-...
@USDA
I once dated a woman with children, and it was at that time that I experienced something of an epiphany. It was through observing the curious, explorative, and absorptive nature of the child that I recognized that I had long since abandoned such passion and fervour for attention to detail. It seemed that with the passage of time, things were no longer new, and I had come to take for granted the ordinary, the mundane, that which was already known, understood, and accounted for.
There is something so compelling about witnessing a child learning, for the first time, the basic truths and natural processes of the universe that they are so new to—truths and natural processes we have long since accepted (or rejected) as a matter of course. It was as though I was time travelling back into my own childhood and observing myself, for I still recalled, to varying degrees of mental clarity, many detailed memories of my own childhood. This experience revealed to me a cross-generational bond and quintessential oneness that we all seem to share. As I looked upon the newest generation behind me, it occurred to me that my parent’s generation ahead, and theirs further ahead still, had already looked behind and in front of themselves as I now was.
The child has a voracious, insatiable appetite for knowledge, play, exploration, and experience. They are brimming and burgeoning with an endless stream of questions, and they are compelled to a perception of any and all things tangible and then some. Yet, they care very little, by comparison to ourselves, about superficies. They are not yet afraid to be silly, to pursue joy for the sake pursuing joy, and they are not afraid to be themselves. There is wisdom in children, you know.
The scene of this photograph was a novelty to me. The strips of bright LED lights shifted through a myriad of vibrant colour and seemed to be activated by a series of infrared motion detectors in each corner. I was intrigued, but how best to photograph something so…”mundane?” Moments later, the little girl and her mother showed up, apparently on their way to the nearby city library. When I made this photograph, I became cognizant that in actuality, I wasn’t merely photographing the little girl—I was photographing myself.
C. V. Raman's famous paper on his observation of the colour of the sea whilst travelling by ship from England to India in 1921 is available from the Royal Society ( rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/101/708/64 ). It is a wonderful illustration of Raman's intense curiosity and analytical combination of theory and experiment. It marks the beginning of his interest in molecular scattering which, seven years later, resulted in his discovery with Krishnan of the inelastic molecular scattering that later took his name and won him the Nobel prize for physics.
There is much confusion in the literature about the causes of the colour of the sea - especially about the role of Raman scattering (of which Raman was of course unaware at this date). It is now realised, in the age of remote sensing of the ocean by satellite, that Raman scattering does play a relatively minor role in the red part of the spectrum. However the predominant effect is from molecular density fluctuations first described by Einstein and Smoluchowski in 1905 and 1906 respectively.
It is interesting to see if we really understand the colour of the ocean under a clear sky as seen from space: The Blue Planet, or the "Blue Marble" as NASA calls it.
See: visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=57723
and, more specifically, we can look at: eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/57000/57723/gl...
We should consider looking vertically downwards (the Gulf of Mexico in this case) with a high Sun - but not vertical (behind us) since we want to avoid the 'glint' (seen in this image round about the Baja peninsula). Assume the air is perfectly clear, i.e. no aerosols and no water vapour. Below the atmosphere is a calm sea of infinite depth with no suspended particulate matter: pure water.
Looking at the western globe image (actually a 'true colour' composite), we see that the Gulf water surface appears to be a very dark blue, a colour that is a combination of the light coming from the atmosphere and from the body and surface of the underlying water. Looking to the west (over the Pacific), the blue becomes lighter due predominantly to the increasing airmass as we move away from the vertical: more 'blue sky'.
The images shown above are the separate blue (left) and red (right) channels (B and R from the RGB (tiff) composite) from NASA'a western hemisphere Blue Marble. They show particularly clearly the effects of Rayleigh scattering from the clear parts of the sky and also the relatively higher luminosity emerging from the ocean in the blue part of the spectrum (compare the sea with the brightness of Florida).
The light coming from the clear sky is almost (modulo a different scattering angle) the same as a clear zenith sky seen from sea level - which is Rayleigh scattered sunlight. There will be a contribution from Raman scattering as well (the Ring Effect) but this will have little perceptible effect on the colour we see since the main result of this is a slight filling in of Fraunhofer spectral absorption lines. Since we have assumed no water vapour, the only remaining 'selective' (Raman's terminology) absorption will be due to O2, O3 and O4 which, apart from O2 in the far red, is very small. The attenuation of the scattered sunlight by extinction is small since both the Sun and our viewing angle see an airmass ~ 1. The atmosphere is essentially a single scattering screen.
The surface of the calm sea will reflect about 2% of the skylight back. The specular reflection of the Sun can sometimes bs seen as a 'glint'.
Within the body of the (pure) water we have the processes that Raman describes in his 1922 paper: selective absorption by liquid water at redder wavelengths, due to vibrational overtones in the water molecule, and elastic molecular scattering from fluctuations in the density of water molecules. This latter effect is like Rayleigh scattering from gas molecules but includes the interference resulting from phase relationships (coherence) between photons scattered by neighbouring molecules. There is also, of course the (inelastic) molecular scattering that Raman had not at that time discovered!
As in the atmosphere, the main effect of Raman scattering is to fill in absorption lines but this has little effect on the colour. Raman scattering is, however, sufficiently important in the sea that it is taken into account when measuring sea colour from satellites and retrieving information about particulate matter, including chlorophyll ( onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1029/2002GL014955/asset/... ). By down-scattering copious blue photons to redder wavelengths, the Raman scattering has its greatest fractional effect on water colour at red wavelengths where the selective absorption by water is large and the scattered red light is very weak. It is fascinating that in deep water (> a few 100m), fish have developed effective camouflage for downwelling blue light. However, some predatory fish have developed extreme red visual sensitivity that allows them to break this camouflage by using the very weak, isotropic red light that results from multiple Raman scattering of the copious blue photons (see: "The Optics of Life", Sönke Johnsen, Princeton University Press, 2012, p198).
The scattered light emerging from Sun-illuminated water comes mostly from around unit optical depth (tau) at each wavelength. The physical depth associated with tau = 1 in pure water is at its greatest value of about 50m at a blue wavelength of 480nm. This means that there is very little light emerging from deeper than a few hundred metres. In a way, the resulting spectrum is analogous to the sweep of twilight colours from red through pale apple-green to deep blue, the combination of the scattering source function tau(lam) ~ 1/lam^4, and the extinction sink function exp(-tau(lam)) results in the green-blue peak in the backscattered light that Raman describes.
This is illustrated in the plot above which is derived from Table 1 in Raman's paper where he presents the expected luminosity emerging from deep, sunlight-illuminated water expressed in terms of the brightness of a clear zenith sky (orange line) at each wavelength: corresponding to an 8km atmospheric path. In our diagram, a measurement of the flux from a blue sky (blue line) has been shown, normalised to 8km near 555nm. The green line is the product of these two curves (with the sky normalised now to unity near 555nm) and therefore represents the emergent flux/nm of light from an illuminated ocean. The weakness of the red light is due to the intrinsic absorption of water in the vibronic overtone bands - which increase in strength towards the red - and the the blue elastic scattering of water molecules in the green and blue. I reiterate that there is no Raman scattering in this plot and, if there were, it would make little difference.
So the bottom line is that the blue of the water is due predominantly to elastic molecular scattering, strongest in the blue, and to the intrinsic absorption of the red light exciting the internal vibrations of the water molecule. This results in a markedly different spectrum from that of the blue sky.
The addition of water vapor and aerosols to the atmosphere and particulate matter to the ocean will produce a range of effects that keep the Earth Resource community gainfully occupied, but I don't intend to discuss those here. However, look at some of the brilliant turquoise shallow waters on the Blue Marble!