Gulf Disaster

 

Benched in Southern California

www.whistleblowers.org

LARGE

Organizers of the Saturday 1 in 5 Million protest in Belgrade said that this week’s gathering was organized to recall everything that happened over the past year.

 

“We marched forward to victory at the (Belgrade University) Rectorate, when we freed (Krusik munitions plant whistleblower) Aleksandar Obradovic, protected (sexual harassment victim) Marija Lukic, stood by the public and whistleblowers,” a press release said.

 

Valentina Rekovic, an activist with the 1 in 5 Million organization which organizes the protests, said that the next gathering would be on January 4 “to continue the marathon until every person in Serbia has been freed”. “(President) Aleksandar Vucic said So What if police Minister Nebojsa Stefanovic lied about the Krusik scandal. It’s no So What to us and never will be,” Rekovic told the crowd in front of the RTS building adding that the RTS staff would be freed for a start “because it’s no So What to us and should not be So What to them,” she said.

 

The protesters put up large stickers with the words So What and the names of a number of scandals involving the authorities on the entrance to the RTS. The stickers said: Jovanjica (a farm visited by state officials where the police found a marijuana plantation), Krusik (where a whistleblower revealed dubious deals), Blocks in Belgrade (the disputed costly reconstruction of a central city square), Oliver Ivanovic (the assassinated Kosovo Serb opposition leader), Marija Lukic (sexual harassment victim), Milan Jovanovic (a journalist whose home was burned over his reporting of corruption in the local authorities).

rs.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a556413/Belgrade-protest-recal...

Bad cop.

A circus performer and dancer after an accident.

Drugs, the law and an offer that is (not) refused.

Pain of conscience...

Just a little practice with the flash gun.

 

A whistleblower (whistle-blower or whistle blower) is a person who exposes misconduct, alleged dishonest or illegal activity occurring in an organisation. The alleged misconduct may be classified in many ways; for example, a violation of a law, rule, regulation and/or a direct threat to public interest, such as fraud, health and safety violations, and corruption. Whistleblowers may make their allegations internally (for example, to other people within the accused organisation) or externally (to regulators, law enforcement agencies, to the media or to groups concerned with the issues).

 

Whistleblowers frequently face reprisal, sometimes at the hands of the organisation or group which they have accused, sometimes from related organisations, and sometimes under law.

 

Questions about the legitimacy of whistleblowing, the moral responsibility of whistleblowing, and the appraisal of the institutions of whistleblowing are part of the field of political ethics.

Cheyenne, Wyoming

A young man / coach blowing a whistle.

7 /100... 100 x: The 2015 Edition... Wk 4..

Negative Space Project

"# 55... In Profile... 115 Pictures in 2015."

This is a real UFO whistleblower. When i saw it on the opposite side of the sunset ( double sunset ) I whistled and said " WOW" It was a phenomenal show of light on the cloud. Threre is no Ai or trickery used on this photo.

Bridgnorth ~ SVR

I’ll first cover the audio, then I’ll cover the image processing. This was from last Friday, 4-5-19, three weeks after filing, a three-page complaint of this type of harassment and whistleblower retaliation, directly to the Superintendent.

It starts with me being woke, from a sound sleep at 12:15 am. This is done by a guy stomping back and forth pass my room, also throwing in a cough at my door. This is repeated until I wake. It let up for a couple of days, then they replaced the stomping with more coughing loudly at my door and door slamming. I had less than four hours sleep, so it set me up to be tired and hopefully short-tempered for work, I get up at 4:30 am.. At work, I get my daily dose of Workplace Mobbing; you know, being blocked at every doorway and corridor, redoing my work because of employees, looking for the equipment I need to complete my task, a note or two being taped to a wall telling employees where and how to harass me, baiting me at every chance, just a typical day in Yosemite.

Also, in my complaint, I mentioned my neighbors intentionally leaving all kinds of things in our four-foot hallway. Many of the same things still in hallway from three weeks ago. So, I mentioned it to a Senior manager that morning at work. The last part of the audio is when I get home from work. I’m setting in my room typing another, 3 page complaint to the Superintendent, because no one has reached out to me from the last one (I didn’t expect it). As I type away; I get the loud door cough, then a woman walks up to the outside of my door and yells “JUST MOVE”. This is all baiting; in hopes I act out. This was last Friday, and the crap stayed in the hall all weekend. I’m talking a pile of 1-2 ft bars, bags, baskets all kinds of crap. It’s left there until I complain; which in their minds justifies the retaliation, and this is how the cycle of hate continues. I can post these day after day, hours, weeks and year after year. These are the types of people I've seen promoted year after year. And, in turn these managers hire likeminded people. This was recorded legally, in the privacy of my room, but I’m sure the perps here are scurrying around trying to cover their butts and spin things back on me (It’s the American Way). ). I filed my complaint on 3-14-19 and another on 4-5-19. I had people stomping and fake coughing pass my door until 1:30 am this morning, then from 6:00 am this morning until I got up at 8:30 am, same yesterday. It was my day off and you can forget about me sleeping in; today is 4-10-19. I don’t pretend to know all the complexities of running a National Park. I do know this vile, toxic hate and mobbing can be stopped and these people can be held accountable. I’ve witnessed this for over 10 years now, why hasn't it been stopped?

Peeps, this is what some call Gang Stalking, Community Stalking and Workplace mobbing. These people will move a Mountain to deny it, try to make me the cause of it. Because of the Stigma, loss of job and livelihood, many are afraid to even mention it. This is spreading hate by means of conspired mobbing, harassment and intimidation. This is how people are being forced out of jobs, neighborhoods and communities. It’s become the American Way, of getting rid of someone. Here in Yosemite; I get it at work and when I get home. In the last 10 years, I’ve seen many good people being forced out or leaving Yosemite because of it.

So, wish me luck; I have laundry to do tomorrow and recently someone splashed bleach on a pair of my expensive pants. Then, my neighbor leaves a bottle of bleach in the hallway for a week-and-a-half, among many other things. But that was all just a coincidence, right? Now, are you starting to see the truth a little more Clearly?

 

Now to the image; this again is 9 images, RAW format, bracketed in 1 stop increment. Editing with Photomatix Pro 6 and Lightroom CC, minimal editing.

 

Yosemite will remain Extremely Toxic and Corrupt until there is common sense and accountability. Why is that so hard to understand? Until then, you may want to leave your dignity at the gate.

 

Yosemite’s current Superintendent is: Michael T Reynolds

 

Nominated Director National Parks Services is: David Vela

 

• The truth about Yosemite 2016 to current: www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Yosemite-Chief-Retiring-Ami...

 

More recent is a scathing article about Yosemite; published in the San Fransisco Chronicle on 6-2-2019.

 

More Audio Truth about Yosemite National Park: flic.kr/p/2hJ7Rye

 

Thank you and Flickr for giving me the opportunity to expose the Truth. Doing so, is becoming more dangerous each and every day, in the United States.

 

& Whistle Blower

benched los angeles county, ca

12/09

Apostasy (/əˈpɒstəsi/; Greek: ἀποστασία apostasía, "a defection or revolt") is the formal disaffiliation from, abandonment of, or renunciation of a religion by a person. It can also be defined within the broader context of embracing an opinion that is contrary to one's previous religious beliefs.[1] One who undertakes apostasy is known as an apostate. Undertaking apostasy is called apostatizing (or apostasizing – also spelled apostacizing). The term apostasy is used by sociologists to mean the renunciation and criticism of, or opposition to, a person's former religion, in a technical sense, with no pejorative connotation.

 

Occasionally, the term is also used metaphorically to refer to the renunciation of a non-religious belief or cause, such as a political party, social movement, or sports team.

 

Apostasy is generally not a self-definition: few former believers call themselves apostates due to the term's negative connotation.

 

Many religious groups and some states punish apostates; this may be the official policy of a particular religious group or it may simply be the voluntary action of its members. Such punishments may include shunning, excommunication, verbal abuse, physical violence, or even execution.[2]

  

Contents

1Sociological definitions

2Human rights

3History

4Atrocity stories

5Apostasy and contemporary criminal law

6Religious views

6.1Baháʼí Faith

6.2Christianity

6.2.1Penalties

6.2.2Jehovah's Witnesses

6.2.3Latter-day Saints

6.3Hinduism

6.4Buddhism

6.5Islam

6.6Judaism

6.7Other religious movements

7Examples

7.1Historical persons

7.2Recent times

8See also

9Notes

10References

11Further reading

12External links

Sociological definitions

The American sociologist Lewis A. Coser (following the German philosopher and sociologist Max Scheler[citation needed]) defines an apostate as not just a person who experienced a dramatic change in conviction but "a man who, even in his new state of belief, is spiritually living not primarily in the content of that faith, in the pursuit of goals appropriate to it, but only in the struggle against the old faith and for the sake of its negation."[3][4]

 

The American sociologist David G. Bromley defined the apostate role as follows and distinguished it from the defector and whistleblower roles.[4]

 

Apostate role: defined as one that occurs in a highly polarized situation in which an organization member undertakes a total change of loyalties by allying with one or more elements of an oppositional coalition without the consent or control of the organization. The narrative documents the quintessentially evil essence of the apostate's former organization chronicled through the apostate's personal experience of capture and ultimate escape/rescue.

Defector role: an organizational participant negotiates exit primarily with organizational authorities, who grant permission for role relinquishment, control the exit process and facilitate role transmission. The jointly constructed narrative assigns primary moral responsibility for role performance problems to the departing member and interprets organizational permission as commitment to extraordinary moral standards and preservation of public trust.

Whistle-blower role: defined here as when an organization member forms an alliance with an external regulatory agency through personal testimony concerning specific, contested organizational practices that the external unit uses to sanction the organization. The narrative constructed jointly by the whistle blower and regulatory agency depicts the whistle-blower as motivated by personal conscience, and the organization by defense of the public interest.

Stuart A. Wright, an American sociologist and author, asserts that apostasy is a unique phenomenon and a distinct type of religious defection in which the apostate is a defector "who is aligned with an oppositional coalition in an effort to broaden the dispute, and embraces public claims-making activities to attack his or her former group."[5]

 

Human rights

See also: Religious conversion

The United Nations Commission on Human Rights, considers the recanting of a person's religion a human right legally protected by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights:

 

The Committee observes that the freedom to 'have or to adopt' a religion or belief necessarily entails the freedom to choose a religion or belief, including the right to replace one's current religion or belief with another or to adopt atheistic views ... Article 18.2[6] bars coercion that would impair the right to have or adopt a religion or belief, including the use of threat of physical force or penal sanctions to compel believers or non-believers to adhere to their religious beliefs and congregations, to recant their religion or belief or to convert.[7]

 

History

As early as the 3rd century AD, apostasy against the Zoroastrian faith in the Sasanian Empire was criminalized. The high priest, Kidir, instigated pogroms against Jews, Christians, Buddhists, and others in an effort to solidify the hold of the state religion.[8]

 

As the Roman Empire adopted Christianity as its state religion, apostasy became formally criminalized in the Theodosian Code, followed by the Corpus Juris Civilis (the Justinian Code).[9] The Justinian Code went on to form the basis of law in most of Western Europe during the Middle Ages and so apostasy was similarly persecuted to varying degrees in Europe throughout this period and into the early modern period. Eastern Europe similarly inherited many of its legal traditions regarding apostasy from the Romans, but not from the Justinian Code.[citation needed]

 

Atrocity stories

The term "atrocity story" is controversial as it relates to the differing views amongst scholars about the credibility of the accounts of former members.

 

Bryan R. Wilson, Reader Emeritus of Sociology of the University of Oxford, says apostates of new religious movements are generally in need of self-justification, seeking to reconstruct their past and to excuse their former affiliations, while blaming those who were formerly their closest associates. Wilson, thus, challenges the reliability of the apostate's testimony by saying that the apostate

 

must always be seen as one whose personal history predisposes him to bias with respect to both his previous religious commitment and affiliations

 

and

 

the suspicion must arise that he acts from a personal motivation to vindicate himself and to regain his self-esteem, by showing himself to have been first a victim but subsequently to have become a redeemed crusader.

 

Wilson also asserts that some apostates or defectors from religious organisations rehearse atrocity stories to explain how, by manipulation, coercion or deceit, they were recruited to groups that they now condemn.[10]

 

Jean Duhaime of the Université de Montréal writes, referring to Wilson, based on his analysis of three books by apostates of new religious movements, that stories of apostates cannot be dismissed only because they are subjective.[11]

 

Danny Jorgensen, Professor at the Department of Religious Studies of the University of Florida, in his book The Social Construction and Interpretation of Deviance: Jonestown and the Mass Media argues that the role of the media in constructing and reflecting reality is particularly apparent in its coverage of cults. He asserts that this complicity exists partly because apostates with an atrocity story to tell make themselves readily available to reporters and partly because new religious movements have learned to be suspicious of the media and, therefore, have not been open to investigative reporters writing stories on their movement from an insider's perspective. Besides this lack of information about the experiences of people within new religious movements, the media is attracted to sensational stories featuring accusations of food and sleep deprivation, sexual and physical abuse, and excesses of spiritual and emotional authority by the charismatic leader.[12]

 

Michael Langone argues that some will accept uncritically the positive reports of current members without calling such reports, for example, "benevolence tales" or "personal growth tales". He asserts that only the critical reports of ex-members are called "tales", which he considers to be a term that clearly implies falsehood or fiction. He states that it wasn't until 1996 that a researcher conducted a study[13] to assess the extent to which so called "atrocity tales" might be based on fact.[13][14][15]

 

Apostasy and contemporary criminal law

Further information: Application of sharia law by country, Use of capital punishment by nation, and Freedom of religion

In the following countries, apostasy is a criminal offence:

 

Afghanistan – criminalized under Article 1 of the Afghan Penal Code, may be punishable by death.[16]

Brunei – criminalized under Section 112(1) of the Bruneian Syariah Penal Code, punishable by death in case of non-repentance.[17][18] However, Brunei has a moratorium on the death penalty.[19]

Iran – while there are no provisions that criminalize apostasy in Iran, apostasy may be punishable by death under Iranian Sharia law, in accordance with Article 167 of the Iranian Constitution.[20]

Malaysia – while not criminalized on a federal level, apostasy is criminalized in six out of thirteen states: Kelantan, Malacca, Pahang, Penang, Sabah and Terengganu. In Kelantan and Terengganu, apostasy is punishable by death in case of non-repentance, but this is unenforceable due to restriction in federal law.[21]

Maldives – criminalized under Section 1205 of the Maldivian Penal Code, may be punishable by death[22][23]

Mauritania – criminalized under Article 306 of the Mauritanian Penal Code, punishable by death in case of non-repentance. When discovered, secret apostasy requires capital punishment, irrespective of repentance.[24]

Qatar – criminalized under Article 1 of the Qatari Penal Code, may be punishable by death.[24]

Saudi Arabia – while there is no penal code in Saudi Arabia, apostasy may be punishable by death under Saudi Sharia law.[24]

United Arab Emirates – criminalized under Article 158 of the Emirati Penal Code, may be punishable by death.[25]

Yemen – criminalized under Article 259 of the Yemeni Penal Code, punishable by death in case of non-repentance.[24]

From 1985 to 2006, the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom listed a total of four cases of execution for apostasy in the Muslim world: one in Sudan (1985), two in Iran (1989, 1998), and one in Saudi Arabia (1992).[26]

 

Religious views

Baháʼí Faith

See also: Covenant-breaker, Freedom of religion in Iran, and List of former Baháʼís

Both marginal and apostate Baháʼís have existed in the Baháʼí Faith community[27] who are known as nāqeżīn.[28]

 

Muslims often regard adherents of the Baháʼí Faith as apostates from Islam,[29] and there have been cases in some Muslim countries where Baháʼís have been harassed and persecuted.[30]

 

Christianity

 

Judas betrays Jesus with a kiss. Judas Iscariot, one of the Twelve Apostles, became an apostate.[31]

Main article: Apostasy in Christianity

See also: Apostata capiendo and Backsliding

The Christian understanding of apostasy is "a willful falling away from, or rebellion against, Christian truth. Apostasy is the rejection of Christ by one who has been a Christian ...", though the Reformed Churches teach that biblically this is impossible (perseverance of the saints),[32] in contrast to Lutherans, Catholics, Methodists, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox Christians who teach that salvation can be lost (conditional preservation of the saints).[33][34] "Apostasy is the antonym of conversion; it is deconversion."[35] B. J. Oropeza states that apostasy is a "phenomenon that occurs when a religious follower or group of followers turn away from or otherwise repudiate the central beliefs and practices they once embraced in a respective religious community."[36] The Ancient Greek noun ἀποστασία apostasia ("rebellion, abandonment, state of apostasy, defection")[37] is found only twice in the New Testament (Acts 21:21; 2 Thessalonians 2:3).[38] However, "the concept of apostasy is found throughout Scripture."[39] The Dictionary of Biblical Imagery states that "There are at least four distinct images in Scripture of the concept of apostasy. All connote an intentional defection from the faith."[40] These images are: Rebellion; Turning Away; Falling Away; Adultery.[41]

 

Rebellion: "In classical literature apostasia was used to denote a coup or defection. By extension the Septuagint always uses it to portray a rebellion against God (Joshua 22:22; 2 Chronicles 29:19)."[41]

Turning away: "Apostasy is also pictured as the heart turning away from God (Jeremiah 17:5-6) and righteousness (Ezekiel 3:20). In the OT it centers on Israel's breaking covenant relationship with God through disobedience to the law (Jeremiah 2:19), especially following other gods (Judges 2:19) and practicing their immorality (Daniel 9:9-11) ... Following the Lord or journeying with him is one of the chief images of faithfulness in the Scriptures ... The ... Hebrew root (swr) is used to picture those who have turned away and ceased to follow God ('I am grieved that I have made Saul king, because he has turned away from me,' 1 Samuel 15:11) ... The image of turning away from the Lord, who is the rightful leader, and following behind false gods is the dominant image for apostasy in the OT."[41]

Falling away: "The image of falling, with the sense of going to eternal destruction, is particularly evident in the New Testament ... In his [Christ's] parable of the wise and foolish builder, in which the house built on sand falls with a crash in the midst of a storm (Matthew 7:24-27) ... he painted a highly memorable image of the dangers of falling spiritually."[42]

Adultery: One of the most common images for apostasy in the Old Testament is adultery.[41] "Apostasy is symbolized as Israel the faithless spouse turning away from Yahweh her marriage partner to pursue the advances of other gods (Jeremiah 2:1-3; Ezekiel 16) ... 'Your children have forsaken me and sworn by god that are not gods. I supplied all their needs, yet they committed adultery and thronged to the houses of prostitutes' (Jeremiah 5:7, NIV). Adultery is used most often to describe the horror of the betrayal and covenant breaking involved in idolatry. Like literal adultery it does include the idea of someone blinded by infatuation, in this case for an idol: 'How I have been grieved by their adulterous hearts ... which have lusted after their idols' (Ezekiel 6:9)."[41]

Speaking with specific regard to apostasy in Christianity, Michael Fink writes:

 

Apostasy is certainly a biblical concept, but the implications of the teaching have been hotly debated.[43] The debate has centered on the issue of apostasy and salvation. Based on the concept of God's sovereign grace, some hold that, though true believers may stray, they never totally fall away. Others affirm that any who fall away were never really saved. Though they may have "believed" for a while, they never experienced regeneration. Still others argue that the biblical warnings against apostasy are real and that believers maintain the freedom, at least potentially, to reject God's salvation.[44]

 

In the recent past, in the Roman Catholic Church the word was also applied to the renunciation of monastic vows (apostasis a monachatu), and to the abandonment of the clerical profession for the life of the world (apostasis a clericatu) without necessarily amounting to a rejection of Christianity.[45]

 

Penalties

Classical canon law viewed apostasy as distinct from heresy and schism. Apostasy a fide, defined as total repudiation of the Christian faith, was considered as different from a theological standpoint from heresy, but subject to the same penalty of death by fire by decretist jurists.[46] The influential 13th-century theologian Hostiensis recognized three types of apostasy. The first was conversion to another faith, which was considered traitorous and could bring confiscation of property or even the death penalty. The second and third, which was punishable by expulsion from home and imprisonment, consisted of breaking major commandments and breaking the vows of religious orders, respectively.[47]

 

A decretal by Boniface VIII classified apostates together with heretics with respect to the penalties incurred. Although it mentioned only apostate Jews explicitly, it was applied to all apostates, and the Spanish Inquisition used it to persecute both the Marrano Jews, who had been converted to Christianity by force, and to the Moriscos who had professed to convert to Christianity from Islam under pressure.[48]

 

Temporal penalties for Christian apostates have fallen into disuse in the modern era.[48]

 

Jehovah's Witnesses

Main article: Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs § Apostasy

Jehovah's Witness publications define apostasy as the abandonment of the worship and service of God, constituting rebellion against God, or rejecting "Jehovah's organization".[49] They apply the term to a range of conduct, including open dissent with the religion's doctrines, celebration of "false religious holidays" (including Christmas and Easter), and participation in activities and worship of other religions.[50] Members of the religion who are accused of apostasy are typically required to appear before a congregational judicial committee, by which they may be "disfellowshipped"—the most severe of the religion's disciplinary procedures that involves expulsion from the religion and shunning by all congregants, including immediate family members not living in the same home.[51] Baptized individuals who leave the organization because they disagree with the religion's teachings are also regarded as apostates and are shunned.[52]

 

Watch Tower Society literature describes apostates as "mentally diseased" individuals who can "infect others with their disloyal teachings".[53][54] Former members who are defined as apostates are said to have become part of the antichrist and are regarded as more reprehensible than non-Witnesses.[55]

 

Latter-day Saints

Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) are considered by church leadership to engage in apostasy when they publicly teach or espouse opinions and doctrines contrary to the teachings of the church, or act in clear and deliberate public opposition to the LDS Church, its doctrines and policies, or its leaders.[56] In such circumstances the church will frequently subject the non-conforming member to a church membership council which may result in membership restrictions (a temporary loss of church participation privileges) or membership withdrawal (a loss of church membership).

 

Hinduism

Hinduism does not have a "unified system of belief encoded in a declaration of faith or a creed",[57] but is rather an umbrella term comprising the plurality of religious phenomena of India. In general Hinduism is more tolerant to apostasy than other faiths based on a scripture or commandments with a lower emphasis on orthodoxy and has a more open view on how a person chooses their faith.[58] Some Hindu sects believe that ethical conversion, without force or reward is completely acceptable.[59]

 

The Vashistha Dharmasastra, the Apastamba Dharmasutra and Yajnavalkya state that a son of an apostate is also considered an apostate.[60] Smr̥ticandrikā lists apostates as one group of people upon touching whom, one should take a bath.[61] Kātyāyana condemns a Brahmin who has apostatised to banishment while a Vaishya or a Shudra to serve the king.[62] Nāradasmṛti and Parasara-samhita states that a wife can remarry if her husband becomes an apostate.[63] The saint Parashara commented that religious rites are disturbed if an apostate witnesses them.[64] He also comments that those who forgo the Rig Veda, Samaveda and Yajurveda are "nagna" (naked) or an apostate.[65]

 

Buddhism

See also: Tirthika

Apostasy is generally not acknowledged in orthodox[definition needed] Buddhism. People are free to leave Buddhism and renounce the religion without any consequence enacted by the Buddhist community.[66]

 

Despite this marked tolerance, some Buddhist circles hold to a notion of heresy (外道, pinyin: Wàidào; romaji: gedō; lit. "outside path") and acknowledge that one who renounces the Buddha's teachings has the potential of inflicting suffering on themselves.[67]

 

Islam

Main articles: Apostasy in Islam and Takfir

 

A 1978 fatwa (nonbinding legal opinion) issued by the Fatawa Council at Al-Azhar, the chief centre of Islamic and Arabic learning in the world.[68] The fatwa was issued in response to a query about an Egyptian Muslim man marrying a German Christian woman and then converting to Christianity. The council ruled that the man committed the crime of apostasy, and should be given a chance to repent and return to Islam. If he refuses, he is to be killed. The same conclusion was given for his children once they reach the age of puberty.

In Islamic literature, apostasy is called irtidād or ridda; an apostate is called murtadd, which literally means 'one who turns back' from Islam.[69] Someone born to a Muslim parent, or who has previously converted to Islam, becomes a murtadd if he or she verbally denies any principle of belief prescribed by Quran or a Hadith, deviates from approved Islamic belief (ilhad), or if he or she commits an action such as treating a copy of the Qurʾan with disrespect.[70][71][72] A person born to a Muslim parent who later rejects Islam is called a murtad fitri, and a person who converted to Islam and later rejects the religion is called a murtad milli.[73][74][75]

 

There are multiple verses in the Quran that condemn apostasy.[76][non-primary source needed] In addition, there are multiple verses in the Hadith that condemn apostasy.[77][non-primary source needed]

 

The concept and punishment of Apostasy has been extensively covered in Islamic literature since the 7th century.[78] A person is considered apostate if he or she converts from Islam to another religion.[79] A person is an apostate even if he or she believes in most of Islam, but denies one or more of its principles or precepts, both verbally or in writing. Similarly, doubting the existence of Allah, making offerings to and worshipping an idol, a stupa or any other image of God, confesses a belief in the rebirth or incarnation of God, disrespecting the Quran or Islam's Prophets are all considered sufficient evidence of apostasy.[80][81][82]

 

Many Muslims consider the Islamic law on apostasy and the punishment for it to be one of the immutable laws under Islam.[83] It is a hudud crime,[84][85] which means it is a crime against God,[86] and the punishment has been fixed by God. The punishment for apostasy includes[87] state enforced annulment of his or her marriage, seizure of the person's children and property with automatic assignment to guardians and heirs, and death for the apostate.[78][88][89]

 

According to some scholars, if a Muslim consciously and without coercion declares their rejection of Islam and does not change their mind after the time allocated by a judge for research, then the penalty for apostasy is; for males, death, and for females, life imprisonment.[90][91]

 

According to the Ahmadiyya Muslim sect, there is no punishment for apostasy, neither in the Quran nor as it was taught by Muhammad.[92] The Ahmadiyya Muslim sect's position is not widely accepted by clerics in other sects of Islam, and the Ahmadiyya sect of Islam acknowledges that major sects have a different interpretation and definition of apostasy in Islam.[92]:18–25 Ulama of major sects of Islam consider the Ahmadi Muslim sect as kafirs (infidels)[92]:8 and apostates.[93][94]

 

Apostasy is subject to the death penalty in some countries, such as Iran and Saudi Arabia, although executions for apostasy are rare. Apostasy is legal in secular Muslim countries such as Turkey.[95] In numerous Islamic majority countries, many individuals have been arrested and punished for the crime of apostasy without any associated capital crimes.[96][97][98][99] In a 2013 report based on an international survey of religious attitudes, more than 50% of the Muslim population in 6 Islamic countries supported the death penalty for any Muslim who leaves Islam (apostasy).[100][101] A similar survey of the Muslim population in the United Kingdom, in 2007, found nearly a third of 16 to 24-year-old faithfuls believed that Muslims who convert to another religion should be executed, while less than a fifth of those over 55 believed the same.[102] There is disagreement among contemporary Islamic scholars about whether the death penalty is an appropriate punishment for apostasy in the 21st century.[103] A belief among more liberal Islamic scholars is that the apostasy laws were created and are still implemented as a means to consolidate "religio-political" power.[103]

 

In an effort to circumvent the United Nations Commission on Human Rights's ruling on an individual's right to conversion from and denunciation of a religion some offenders of the ruling have argued that their "obligations to Islam are irreconcilable with international law."[104] United Nations Special Rapporteur Heiner Bielefeldt recommended to the United Nations Human Rights Council on the issues of freedom of religion or belief that "States should repeal any criminal law provisions that penalize apostasy, blasphemy and proselytism as they may prevent persons belonging to religious or belief minorities from fully enjoying their freedom of religion or belief."[105]

 

Muslim historians recognize 632 AD as the year when the first regional apostasy from Islam emerged, immediately after the death of Muhammed.[106] The civil wars that followed are now called the Riddah wars (Wars of Islamic Apostasy).

 

Judaism

Main article: Apostasy in Judaism

See also: Off the derech

 

Mattathias killing a Jewish apostate

The term apostasy is derived from Ancient Greek ἀποστασία from ἀποστάτης, meaning "political rebel," as applied to rebellion against God, its law and the faith of Israel (in Hebrew מרד) in the Hebrew Bible. Other expressions for apostate as used by rabbinical scholars are mumar (מומר, literally "the one that is changed") and poshea yisrael (פושע ישראל, literally, "transgressor of Israel"), or simply kofer (כופר, literally "denier" and heretic).

 

The Torah states:

 

If your brother, the son of your mother, your son or your daughter, the wife of your bosom, or your friend who is as your own soul, secretly entices you, saying, 'Let us go and serve other gods,' which you have not known, neither you nor your fathers, of the gods of the people which are all around you, near to you or far off from you, from one end of the earth to the other end of the earth, you shall not consent to him or listen to him, nor shall your eye pity him, nor shall you spare him or conceal him; but you shall surely kill him; your hand shall be first against him to put him to death, and afterward the hand of all the people. And you shall stone him with stones until he dies, because he sought to entice you away from the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage.[107]

 

In 1 Kings King Solomon is warned in a dream which "darkly portray[s] the ruin that would be caused by departure from God":[108]

 

If you or your sons at all turn from following Me, and do not keep My commandments and My statutes which I have set before you, but go and serve other gods and worship them, then I will cut off Israel from the land which I have given them; and this house which I have consecrated for My name I will cast out of My sight. Israel will be a proverb and a byword among all peoples.[109]

 

The prophetic writings of Isaiah and Jeremiah provide many examples of defections of faith found among the Israelites (e.g., Isaiah 1:2–4 or Jeremiah 2:19), as do the writings of the prophet Ezekiel (e.g., Ezekiel 16 or 18). Israelite kings were often guilty of apostasy, examples including Ahab (I Kings 16:30–33), Ahaziah (I Kings 22:51–53), Jehoram (2 Chronicles 21:6,10), Ahaz (2 Chronicles 28:1–4), or Amon (2 Chronicles 33:21–23) among others. Amon's father Manasseh was also apostate for many years of his long reign, although towards the end of his life he renounced his apostasy (cf. 2 Chronicles 33:1–19).

 

In the Talmud, Elisha ben Abuyah is singled out as an apostate and Epikoros (Epicurean) by the Pharisees.

 

During the Spanish Inquisition, a systematic conversion of Jews to Christianity took place to avoid expulsion from the crowns of Castille and Aragon as had been the case previously elsewhere in medieval Europe. Although the vast majority of conversos simply assimilated into the Catholic dominant culture, a minority continued to practice Judaism in secret, gradually migrated throughout Europe, North Africa, and the Ottoman Empire, mainly to areas where Sephardic communities were already present as a result of the Alhambra Decree. Tens of thousands of Jews were baptised in the three months before the deadline for expulsion, some 40,000 if one accepts the totals given by Kamen, most of these undoubtedly to avoid expulsion,[110] rather than as a sincere change of faith. These conversos were the principal concern of the Inquisition; being suspected of continuing to practice Judaism put them at risk of denunciation and trial.

 

Several notorious Inquisitors, such as Tomás de Torquemada, and Don Francisco the archbishop of Coria, were descendants of apostate Jews. Other apostates who made their mark in history by attempting the conversion of other Jews in the 14th century include Juan de Valladolid and Astruc Remoch.

 

Abraham Isaac Kook,[111][112] first Chief Rabbi of the Jewish community in then Palestine, held that atheists were not actually denying God: rather, they were denying one of man's many images of God. Since any man-made image of God can be considered an idol, Kook held that, in practice, one could consider atheists as helping true religion burn away false images of god, thus in the end serving the purpose of true monotheism.

 

Medieval Judaism was more lenient toward apostasy than the other monotheistic religions. According to Maimonides, converts to other faiths were to be regarded as sinners, but still Jewish. Forced converts were subject to special prayers and Rashi admonished those who rebuked or humiliated them.[113]

 

There is no punishment today for leaving Judaism, other than being excluded from participating in the rituals of the Jewish community - including leading worship, Jewish marriage or divorce, being called to the Torah and being buried in a Jewish cemetery.

 

Other religious movements

Controversies over new religious movements (NRMs) have often involved apostates, some of whom join organizations or web sites opposed to their former religions. A number of scholars have debated the reliability of apostates and their stories, often called "apostate narratives".

 

The role of former members, or "apostates", has been widely studied by social scientists. At times, these individuals become outspoken public critics of the groups they leave. Their motivations, the roles they play in the anti-cult movement, the validity of their testimony, and the kinds of narratives they construct, are controversial. Some scholars like David G. Bromley, Anson Shupe, and Brian R. Wilson have challenged the validity of the testimonies presented by critical former members. Wilson discusses the use of the atrocity story that is rehearsed by the apostate to explain how, by manipulation, coercion, or deceit, he was recruited to a group that he now condemns.[114]

 

Sociologist Stuart A. Wright explores the distinction between the apostate narrative and the role of the apostate, asserting that the former follows a predictable pattern, in which the apostate uses a "captivity narrative" that emphasizes manipulation, entrapment and being victims of "sinister cult practices". These narratives provide a rationale for a "hostage-rescue" motif, in which cults are likened to POW camps and deprogramming as heroic hostage rescue efforts. He also makes a distinction between "leavetakers" and "apostates", asserting that despite the popular literature and lurid media accounts of stories of "rescued or recovering 'ex-cultists'", empirical studies of defectors from NRMs "generally indicate favorable, sympathetic or at the very least mixed responses toward their former group".[115]

 

One camp that broadly speaking questions apostate narratives includes David G. Bromley,[116] Daniel Carson Johnson,[117] Dr. Lonnie D. Kliever (1932–2004),[118] Gordon Melton,[119] and Bryan R. Wilson.[120] An opposing camp less critical of apostate narratives as a group includes Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi,[121] Dr. Phillip Charles Lucas,[122][123][124] Jean Duhaime,[125] Mark Dunlop,[126][127] Michael Langone,[128] and Benjamin Zablocki.[129]

 

Some scholars have attempted to classify apostates of NRMs. James T. Richardson proposes a theory related to a logical relationship between apostates and whistleblowers, using Bromley's definitions,[130] in which the former predates the latter. A person becomes an apostate and then seeks the role of whistleblower, which is then rewarded for playing that role by groups that are in conflict with the original group of membership such as anti-cult organizations. These organizations further cultivate the apostate, seeking to turn him or her into a whistleblower. He also describes how in this context, apostates' accusations of "brainwashing" are designed to attract perceptions of threats against the well-being of young adults on the part of their families to further establish their newfound role as whistleblowers.[131] Armand L. Mauss, defines true apostates as those exiters that have access to oppositional organizations that sponsor their careers as such, and validate the retrospective accounts of their past and their outrageous experiences in new religions—making a distinction between these and whistleblowers or defectors in this context.[132] Donald Richter, a current member of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (FLDS) writes that this can explain the writings of Carolyn Jessop and Flora Jessop, former members of the FLDS church who consistently sided with authorities when children of the YFZ ranch were removed over charges of child abuse.

 

Ronald Burks, a psychology assistant at the Wellspring Retreat and Resource Center, in a study comparing Group Psychological Abuse Scale (GPA) and Neurological Impairment Scale (NIS) scores in 132 former members of cults and cultic relationships, found a positive correlation between intensity of reform environment as measured by the GPA and cognitive impairment as measured by the NIS. Additional findings were a reduced earning potential in view of the education level that corroborates earlier studies of cult critics (Martin 1993; Singer & Ofshe, 1990; West & Martin, 1994) and significant levels of depression and dissociation agreeing with Conway & Siegelman, (1982), Lewis & Bromley, (1987) and Martin, et al. (1992).[133]

 

Sociologists Bromley and Hadden note a lack of empirical support for claimed consequences of having been a member of a "cult" or "sect", and substantial empirical evidence against it. These include the fact that the overwhelming proportion of people who get involved in NRMs leave, most short of two years; the overwhelming proportion of people who leave do so of their own volition; and that two-thirds (67%) felt "wiser for the experience".[134]

 

According to F. Derks and psychologist of religion Jan van der Lans, there is no uniform post-cult trauma. While psychological and social problems upon resignation are not uncommon, their character and intensity are greatly dependent on the personal history and on the traits of the ex-member, and on the reasons for and way of resignation.[135]

 

The report of the "Swedish Government's Commission on New Religious Movements" (1998) states that the great majority of members of new religious movements derive positive experiences from their subscription to ideas or doctrines that correspond to their personal needs—and that withdrawal from these movements is usually quite undramatic, as these people leave feeling enriched by a predominantly positive experience. Although the report describes that there are a small number of withdrawals that require support (100 out of 50,000+ people), the report did not recommend that any special resources be established for their rehabilitation, as these cases are very rare.[136]

 

Examples

Historical persons

 

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Julian the Apostate (331/332 – 363 CE), the Roman emperor, given a Christian education by those who assassinated his family, rejected his upbringing and declared his belief in Neoplatonism once it was safe to do so.

Mindaugas, the first and only Christian king of Lithuania, accepted Christianity in 1251 but rejected it in 1261 to return to his pagan ways. It is believed that accepting Christianity was a political move on his part and thus after the victory at the battle of Durbe, the king's nephew Treniota convinced him to reject Christianity.

Sir Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford was declared 'The Great Apostate' by Parliament in 1628 for changing his political support from Parliament to Charles I, thus shifting his religious support from Calvinism to Arminianism.

Abraham ben Abraham, (Count Valentine (Valentin, Walentyn) Potocki), a Polish nobleman of the Potocki family who is claimed to have converted to Judaism and was burned at the stake in 1749 because he had renounced Catholicism and had become an observant Jew.

Maria Monk (1816–1849), sometimes considered an apostate of the Catholic Church, though there is little evidence that she ever was a Catholic.

Lord George Gordon, initially a zealous Protestant and instigator of the Gordon riots of 1780, finally renounced Christianity and converted to Judaism, for which he was ostracized.

Recent times

 

Logo of The Campaign for Collective Apostasy in Spain, calling for defection from the Catholic Church

In 2011, Youcef Nadarkhani, an Iranian pastor who converted from Islam to Christianity at the age of 19, was convicted for apostasy and was sentenced to death, but later acquitted.[137]

In 2013, Raif Badawi, a Saudi Arabian blogger, was found guilty of apostasy by the high court, which has a penalty of death.[138] However he was not executed, but was imprisoned and punished by 600 lashes instead.

In 2014, Meriam Yehya Ibrahim Ishag (a.k.a. Adraf Al-Hadi Mohammed Abdullah), a pregnant Sudanese woman, was convicted of apostasy for converting to Christianity from Islam. The government ruled that her father was Muslim, a female child takes the father's religion under Sudan's Islamic law.[139] By converting to Christianity, she had committed apostasy, a crime punishable by death. Mrs Ibrahim Ishag was sentenced to death. She was also convicted of adultery on the grounds that her marriage to a Christian man from South Sudan was void under Sudan's version of Islamic law, which says Muslim women cannot marry non-Muslims.[140] The death sentence was not carried out, and she left Sudan in secret.[141]

Tasleema Nasreen from Bangladesh, the author of Lajja, has been declared apostate – "an apostate appointed by imperialist forces to vilify Islam" – by several fundamentalist clerics in Dhaka.[142]

By 2019, atrocities by ISIL have driven many Muslim families in Syria to convert to Christianity, while others chose to become atheists and agnostics.[143]

See also

Kafir

Blasphemy

Forced conversion

Heresy

Religious intolerance

Religious trauma syndrome

Treason

Notes

"Mallet, Edme-François, and François-Vincent Toussaint. "Apostasy". The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project. Translated by Rachel LaFortune. Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library, 2012. Web. 1 April 2015. Trans. of "Apostasie", Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, vol. 1. Paris, 1751". quod.lib.umich.edu. Retrieved 2015-08-16.

Muslim apostates cast out and at risk from faith and family, The Times, February 05, 2005

Lewis A. Coser The Age of the Informer Dissent:1249–54, 1954

Bromley, David G., ed. (1998). The Politics of Religious Apostasy: The Role of Apostates in the Transformation of Religious Movements. CT: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0-275-95508-7.

Wright, Stuart, A. (1998). "Exploring Factors that Shape the Apostate Role". In Bromley, David G. (ed.). The Politics of Religious Apostasy. Praeger Publishers. p. 109. ISBN 0-275-95508-7.

Wikisource-logo.svg Article 18.2 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

"University of Minnesota Human Rights Library | CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.4, General Comment No. 22., 1993". umn.edu. Retrieved 2015-08-16.

Urubshurow, Victoria (2008). Introducing World Religions. p. 78. ISBN 9780980163308.

Oropeza, B. J. (2000). Paul and Apostasy: Eschatology, Perseverance, and Falling Away in the Corinthian Congregation. p. 10. ISBN 978-3161473074.

Wilson, Bryan R. Apostates and New Religious Movements (1994) (Available online) Archived December 12, 2006, at the Wayback Machine

Duhaime, Jean (Université de Montréal) Les Témoigagnes de Convertis et d'ex-Adeptes (English: The testimonies of converts and former followers, article that appeared in the otherwise English language book New Religions in a Postmodern World edited by Mikael Rothstein and Reender Kranenborg RENNER Studies in New religions Aarhus University press, ISBN 87-7288-748-6

Jorgensen, Danny. The Social Construction and Interpretation of Deviance: Jonestown and the Mass Media as cited in McCormick Maaga, Mary, Hearing the Voices of Jonestown 1st ed. (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1998) pp.39, ISBN 0-8156-0515-3

Zablocki, Benjamin, Reliability and validity of apostate accounts in the study of religious communities. Paper presented at the Association for the Sociology of Religion in New York City, Saturday, August 17, 1996.

Langone, Michael, The Two "Camps" of Cultic Studies: Time for a Dialogue, Cults and Society, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2001 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-11-20.

Beith-Hallahmi, Benjamin Dear Colleagues: Integrity and Suspicion in NRM Research, 1997, [1][permanent dead link]

Eli Sugarman, et al., An Introduction to the Criminal Law of Afghanistan, 2nd ed. Stanford, CA: Stanford Law School, Afghanistan Legal Education Project [ALEP], 2012.

Brunei Syariah Penal Code Order, 2013

"Brunei's Pernicious New Penal Code". Human Rights Watch. 22 May 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2021.

Mahtani, Shibani (May 6, 2019). "Brunei backs away from death penalty under Islamic law". Washington Post. Retrieved August 20, 2020.

Apostasy in the Islamic Republic of Iran (2014). Iran Human Rights Documentation Centre. Retrieved 18 February 2021.

Choong, Jerry (16 January 2020). "G25: Apostasy a major sin, but Constitution provides freedom of worship for Muslims too". Malay Mail. Retrieved 18 February 2021.

Maldives LAW NO 6/2014

Kamali, Mohammed Hashim (2019). Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law: A Fresh Interpretation. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780190910648.001.0001. ISBN 9780190910648.

Violating Rights: Enforcing the World’s Blasphemy Laws (2020). United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. Retrieved 18 February 2021.

Butti Sultan Butti Ali Al-Muhairi (1996), The Islamisation of Laws in the UAE: The Case of the Penal Code, Arab Law Quarterly, Vol. 11, No. 4 (1996), pp. 350-371

Elliott, Andrea (26 March 2003). "In Kabul, a Test for Shariah". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.

Momen, Moojan (1 September 2007). "Marginality and apostasy in the Baháʼí community". Religion. 37 (3): 187–209. doi:10.1016/j.religion.2007.06.008. S2CID 55630282.

Afshar, Iraj (August 18, 2011). "ĀYATĪ, ʿABD-AL-ḤOSAYN". Encyclopædia Iranica.

"The Baabis and Baha'is are not Muslims - islamqa.info". islam-qa.com. Archived from the original on 2012-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-10.

"Apostates from Islam | The Weekly Standard". weeklystandard.com. Retrieved 2014-10-10.

Paul W. Barnett, Dictionary of the Later New Testament and its Developments, "Apostasy," 73.

Richard A. Muller, Dictionary of Greek and Latin Theological Terms: Drawn Principally from Protestant Scholastic Theology, 41. The Tyndale Bible Dictionary defines apostasy as a "Turning against God, as evidenced by abandonment and repudiation of former beliefs. The term generally refers to a deliberate renouncing of the faith by a once sincere believer ..." ("Apostasy," Walter A. Elwell and Philip W. Comfort, editors, 95).

Koons, Robert C. (23 September 2020). A Lutheran’s Case for Roman Catholicism: Finding a Lost Path Home. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-7252-5751-1. Since Lutherans agree with Catholics that we can lose our salvation (by losing our saving faith), the assurance of salvation that Lutheranism provides is a highly qualified one.

Lipscomb, Thomas Herber (1915). The Things Methodists Believe. Publishing House M.E. Church, South, Smith & Lamar, agents. p. 13. Methodists hold further, as distinct from Baptists, that, having once entered into a state of grace, it is possible to fall therefrom.

Paul W. Barnett, Dictionary of the Later New Testament and its Developments, "Apostasy," 73. Scott McKnight says, "Apostasy is a theological category describing those who have voluntarily and consciously abandoned their faith in the God of the covenant, who manifests himself most completely in Jesus Christ" (Dictionary of Theological Interpretation of the Bible, "Apostasy," 58).

B. J. Oropeza, In the Footsteps of Judas and Other Defectors :Apostasy in the New Testament Communities, vol. 1 (Eugene: Cascade, 2011), p. 1; idem, Jews, Gentiles, and the Opponents of Paul: Apostasy in the New Testament Communities, vol. 2 (2012), p. 1; idem, Churches under Siege of Persecution and Assimilation: Apostasy in the New Testament Communities, vol.3 (2012), p. 1.

Walter Bauder, "Fall, Fall Away," The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology (NIDNTT), 3:606.

Michael Fink, "Apostasy," in the Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary, 87. In Acts 21:21, "Paul was falsely accused of teaching the Jews apostasy from Moses ... [and] he predicted the great apostasy from Christianity, foretold by Jesus (Matt. 24:10-12), which would precede 'the Day of the Lord' (2 Thess. 2:2f.)" (D. M. Pratt, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, "Apostasy," 1:192). Some pre-tribulation adherents in Protestantism believe that the apostasy mentioned in 2 Thess. 2:3 can be interpreted as the pre-tribulation Rapture of all Christians. This is because apostasy means departure (translated so in the first seven English translations) (Dr. Thomas Ice, Pre-Trib Perspective, March 2004, Vol.8, No.11).

Pratt, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, 1:192.

"Apostasy," 39.

Dictionary of Biblical Imagery, 39.

Dictionary of Biblical Imagery, 39. Paul Barnett says, "Jesus foresaw the fact of apostasy and warned both those who would fall into sin as well as those who would cause others to fall (see, e.g., Mark 9:42-49)." (Dictionary of the Later NT, 73).

McKnight adds: "Because apostasy is disputed among Christian theologians, it must be recognized that ones overall hermeneutic and theology (including ones general philosophical orientation) shapes how one reads texts dealing with apostasy." Dictionary of Theological Interpretation of the Bible, 59.

Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary, "Apostasy," 87.

Chisholm 1911.

Louise Nyholm Kallestrup; Raisa Maria Toivo (2017). Contesting Orthodoxy in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Heresy, Magic and Witchcraft. Springer. p. 46. ISBN 9783319323855.

Gillian Polack, Katrin Kania (2015). The Middle Ages Unlocked: A Guide to Life in Medieval England, 1050-1300. Amberley Publishing Limited. p. 112. ISBN 9781445645896.

Van Hove, A. (1907). "Apostasy". The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

Reasoning From the Scriptures, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1989, p. 34-35.

Shepherd the Flock of God, Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, 2010, p. 65-66.

Holden, Andrew (2002). Jehovah's Witnesses: Portrait of a Contemporary Religious Movement. Routledge. pp. 32, 78–79. ISBN 0-415-26610-6.

"Do Not Allow Place for the Devil". The Watchtower: 21–25. January 15, 2006.

Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 28:5 [2004], p. 42–43

Taylor, Jerome (26 September 2011). "War of words breaks out among Jehovah's Witnesses". The Independent. Retrieved 13 February 2016.

Questions From Readers, The Watchtower, July 15, 1985, page 31, "Such ones willfully abandoning the Christian congregation thereby become part of the ‘antichrist.’ A person who had willfully and formally disassociated himself from the congregation would have matched that description. By deliberately repudiating God’s congregation and by renouncing the Christian way, he would have made himself an apostate. A loyal Christian would not have wanted to fellowship with an apostate ... Scripturally, a person who repudiated God’s congregation became more reprehensible than those in the world."

"General Handbook: Serving in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints". 32. Repentance and Church Membership Councils. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Retrieved 26 March 2020.

Flood, Gavin D (1996). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge University Press. pp. 6. ISBN 9780521438780.

K. J. Ratnam, Intellectuals, Creativity and Intolerance

Subramuniyaswami, Sivaya (2000). How to become a Hindu. Himalayan Academy. pp. 133 forwards. ISBN 978-0945497820.

Banerji 1999, p. 196.

Banerji 1999, p. 185.

Banerji 1999, p. 226.

Banerji 1999, p. 82.

Stories of the Hindus: an introduction through texts and interpretation: 182, Macmillan

T.A. Gopinath Rao, Elements of Hindu Iconography, Volume 1, Part 1: 217, Motilal Banarsidas Publishers

Bhante Shravasti Dhammika, Guide to Buddhism A-Z Archived 2018-03-28 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 23 June 2018

Yuttadhammo Bhikkhu. "Dangers on the Voyage". 21:45. Retrieved 2019-08-31. In some religions, they kill you. They hunt you down and kill you...But in Buddhism, if you leave, we don't have to do anything. There's no punishment for apostasy, because non-Buddhists can be very good people. But, if you go contrary to the Buddha's teaching--it's like God. If God tells you you have to do "this" or "that" and you don't do it, [and] you do the opposite, [then] God punishes you. Well, in Buddhism...he doesn't punish you, because the Buddha's teaching is based on wisdom. There's no need to punish anyone. If you don't do the things the Buddha said, you won't be free from suffering. If you do the things the Buddha told you not to do, you can be assured of suffering.

Al-Azhar, Encyclopædia Britannica

Heffening, W. (2012), "Murtadd." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs; Brill

Watt, W. M. (1964). Conditions of membership of the Islamic Community, Studia Islamica, (21), pages 5–12

Burki, S. K. (2011). Haram or Halal? Islamists' Use of Suicide Attacks as Jihad. Terrorism and Political Violence, 23(4), pages 582–601

Rahman, S. A. (2006). Punishment of apostasy in Islam, Institute of Islamic Culture, IBT Books; ISBN 983-9541-49-8

Mousavian, S. A. A. (2005). A DISCUSSION ON THE APOSTATE'S REPENTANCE IN SHI'A JURISPRUDENCE. Modarres Human Sciences, 8, TOME 37, pages 187–210, Mofid University (Iran).

Advanced Islamic English dictionary Расширенный исламский словарь английского языка (2012), see entry for Fitri Murtad

Advanced Islamic English dictionary Расширенный исламский словарь английского языка (2012), see entry for Milli Murtad

See chapters 3, 9 and 16 of Quran; e.g. [Quran 3:90] * [Quran 9:66] * [Quran 16:88]

See Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:52:260 * Sahih al-Bukhari, 9:83:17 * Sahih al-Bukhari, 9:89:271

Saeed, A., & Saeed, H. (Eds.). (2004). Freedom of religion, apostasy and Islam. Ashgate Publishing; ISBN 0-7546-3083-8

Paul Marshall and Nina Shea (2011), SILENCED: HOW APOSTASY AND BLASPHEMY CODES ARE CHOKING FREEDOM WORLDWIDE, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-981228-8

Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009), Encyclopedia of Islam, Infobase Publishing, ISBN 978-1-4381-2696-8; see page 48, 108-109, 118

Peters, R., & De Vries, G. J. (1976). Apostasy in Islam. Die Welt des Islams, 1-25.

Warraq, I. (Ed.). (2003). Leaving Islam: Apostates Speak Out. Prometheus Books; ISBN 1-59102-068-9

Arzt, Donna (1995). Heroes or heretics: Religious dissidents under Islamic law, Wis. Int'l Law Journal, 14, 349-445

Mansour, A. A. (1982). Hudud Crimes Archived 2018-11-21 at the Wayback Machine (From Islamic Criminal Justice System, P 195–201, 1982, M Cherif Bassiouni, ed.-See NCJ-87479).

Lippman, M. (1989). Islamic Criminal Law and Procedure: Religious Fundamentalism v. Modern Law. BC Int'l & Comp. L. Rev., 12, pages 29, 263-269

Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009), Encyclopedia of Islam, Infobase Publishing, ISBN 978-1-4381-2696-8; see page 174

Tamadonfar, M. (2001). Islam, law, and political control in contemporary Iran, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 40(2), 205-220.

El-Awa, M. S. (1981), Punishment in Islamic Law, American Trust Pub; pages 49–68

Forte, D. F. (1994). Apostasy and Blasphemy in Pakistan. Conn. J. Int'l L., 10, 27.

Ibn Warraq (2003), Leaving Islam: Apostates Speak Out, ISBN 978-1591020684, pp 1-27

Schneider, I. (1995), Imprisonment in Pre-classical and Classical Islamic Law, Islamic Law and Society, 2(2): 157-173

The Truth about the Alleged Punishment for Apostasy in Islam (PDF). Islam International Publications. 2005. ISBN 1-85372-850-0. Retrieved 2014-03-31.

Khan, A. M. (2003), Persecution of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan: An Analysis Under International Law and International Relations, Harvard Human Rights Journal, 16, 217

Andrew March (2011), Apostasy: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0199805969

Badawi M.A., Zaki (2003). "Islam". In Cookson, Catharine (ed.). Encyclopedia of religious freedom. New York: Routledge. pp. 204–8. ISBN 0-415-94181-4.

"Laws Penalizing Blasphemy, Apostasy and Defamation of Religion are Widespread". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 21 November 2012. Retrieved 2015-03-17.

"Saudi Arabia: Writer Faces Apostasy Trial - Human Rights Watch". Retrieved 2015-03-17.

"The Fate of Infidels and Apostates under Islam". 21 June 2005. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2016.

Freedom of Religion, Apostasy and Islam by Abdullah Saeed and Hassan Saeed (Mar 30, 2004), ISBN 978-0-7546-3083-8

"Majorities of Muslims in Egypt and Pakistan support the death penalty for leaving Islam". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2015-03-17.

"The World's Muslims: Religion, Politics and Society, April 30, 2013" (PDF). pewforum.org. Retrieved 2015-08-16.

Bates, Stephen. "More young Muslims back sharia, says poll". the Guardian. Retrieved 2015-03-17.

Saeed, Abdullah (2017-03-02). Freedom of Religion, Apostasy and Islam. doi:10.4324/9781315255002. ISBN 9781315255002.

Garces, Nicholas (2010). "Islam, Till Death Do You Part: Rethinking Apostasy Laws under Islamic Law and International Legal Obligations". Southwestern Journal of International Law. 16: 229–264 – via Hein Online.

Bielefeldt, Heiner (2012). Report of the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, A/HRC/22/51 (PDF).

"riddah - Islamic history". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2015-03-17.

Deuteronomy 13:6–10

Alexander MacLaren, MacLaren's Expositions of Holy Scripture on 1 Kings 9, accessed 7 October 2017

1 Kings 9:6–7

Kamen (1998), pp. 29–31

template.htm Introduction to the Thought of Rav Kookby, Lecture #16: "Kefira" in our Day from vbm-torah.org (the Virtual Beit Midrash)

template.htm Introduction to the Thought of Rav Kookby, Lecture #17: Heresy V from vbm-torah.org (the Virtual Beit Midrash)

Gillian Polack, Katrin Kania (2015). The Middle Ages Unlocked: A Guide to Life in Medieval England, 1050-1300. Amberley Publishing Limited. p. 112. ISBN 9781445645896.

Wilson, Bryan R. Apostates and New Religious Movements, Oxford, England, 1994

Wright, Stuart, A. (1998). "Exploring Factors that Shape the Apostate Role". In Bromley, David G. (ed.). The Politics of Religious Apostasy. Praeger Publishers. pp. 95–114. ISBN 0-275-95508-7.

Bromley, David G.; et al. (1984). "The Role of Anecdotal Atrocities in the Social Construction of Evil". In Bromley, David G.; et al. (eds.). Brainwashing Deprogramming Controversy: Sociological, Psychological, Legal, and Historical Perspectives (Studies in religion and society). p. 156. ISBN 0-88946-868-0.

Richardson, James T. (1998). "Apostates Who Never Were: The Social Construction of Absque Facto Apostate Narratives". In Bromley, David G. (ed.). The politics of religious apostasy: the role of apostates in the transformation of religious movements. New York: Praeger. pp. 134–5. ISBN 0-275-95508-7.

Kliever 1995 Kliever. Lonnie D, Ph.D. The Reliability of Apostate Testimony About New Religious Movements Archived 2007-12-05 at the Wayback Machine, 1995.

"Melton 1999"Melton, Gordon J., Brainwashing and the Cults: The Rise and Fall of a Theory, 1999.

Wilson, Bryan R. (Ed.) The Social Dimensions of Sectarianism, Rose of Sharon Press, 1981.

Beit-Hallahmi 1997 Beith-Hallahmi, Benjamin Dear Colleagues: Integrity and Suspicion in NRM Research[permanent dead link], 1997.

"Lucas, Phillip Charles Ph.D. – Profile". Archived from the original on 2004-01-31.

"Holy Order of MANS". Archived from the original on 2008-01-11. Retrieved 2008-01-04.

Lucas 1995 Lucas, Phillip Charles, From Holy Order of MANS to Christ the Savior Brotherhood: The Radical Transformation of an Esoteric Christian Order in Timothy Miller (ed.), America's Alternative Religions State University of New York Press, 1995

Duhaime, Jean (Université de Montréal) Les Témoignages de convertis et d'ex-adeptes (English: The testimonies of converts and former followers, in Mikael Rothstein et al. (ed.), New Religions in a Postmodern World, 2003, ISBN 87-7288-748-6

"The Culture of Cults". ex-cult.org. Retrieved 2014-10-10.

Dunlop 2001 The Culture of Cults Archived 2007-12-12 at the Wayback Machine

The Two "Camps" of Cultic Studies: Time for a Dialogue Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Langone, Michael, Cults and Society, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2001

Zablocki 1996 Zablocki, Benjamin, Reliability and validity of apostate accounts in the study of religious communities. Paper presented at the Association for the Sociology of Religion in New York City, Saturday, August 17, 1996.

Richardson, James T. (1998). "Apostates, Whistleblowers, Law, and Social Control". In Bromley, David G. (ed.). in The politics of religious apostasy: the role of apostates in the transformation of religious movements. New York: Praeger. p. 171. ISBN 0-275-95508-7. Some of those who leave, whatever the method, become "apostates" and even develop into "whistleblowers", as those terms are defined in the first chapter of this volume.

Richardson, James T. (1998). "Apostates, Whistleblowers, Law, and Social Control". In Bromley, David G. (ed.). in The politics of religious apostasy: the role of apostates in the transformation of religious movements. New York: Praeger. pp. 185–186. ISBN 0-275-95508-7.

Richardson, James T. (1998). "Apostasy and the Management of Spoiled Identity". In Bromley, David G. (ed.). in The politics of religious apostasy: the role of apostates in the transformation of religious movements. New York: Praeger. pp. 185–186. ISBN 0-275-95508-7.

Burks, Ronald. "Cognitive Impairment in Thought Reform Environments". Archived from the original on May 14, 2011.

Hadden, J; Bromley, D, eds. (1993). The Handbook of Cults and Sects in America. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, Inc. pp. 75–97.

F. Derks and the professor of psychology of religion Jan van der Lans The post-cult syndrome: Fact or Fiction?, paper presented at conference of Psychologists of Religion, Catholic University Nijmegen, 1981, also appeared in Dutch language as Post-cult-syndroom; feit of fictie?, published in the magazine Religieuze bewegingen in Nederland/Religious movements in the Netherlands nr. 6 pages 58–75 published by the Free university Amsterdam (1983)

Report of the Swedish Government's Commission on New Religious Movements (1998), 1.6 The need for support (Swedish)[permanent dead link], English translation

The great majority of members of the new religious movements derive positive experience from their membership. They have subscribed to an idea or doctrine that corresponds to their personal needs. Membership is of limited duration in most cases. After two years, the majority have left the movement. This withdrawal is usually quite undramatic, and the people withdrawing feel enriched by a predominantly positive experience. The Commission does not recommend that special resources be established for the rehabilitation of withdraws. The cases are too few in number and the problem picture too manifold for this: each individual can be expected to need help from several different care providers or facilitators.

Banks, Adelle M. (2011-09-28). "Iranian Pastor Youcef Nadarkhani's potential execution rallies U.S. Christians". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2019-05-02. Retrieved 2011-10-05. Religious freedom advocates rallied Wednesday (Sept. 28) around an Iranian pastor who was facing execution because he had refused to recant his Christian faith in the overwhelmingly Muslim country.

Abdelaziz, Salma (2013-12-25). "Wife: Saudi blogger sentenced to death for apostasy". CNN. NYC.

Sudanese woman convicted CNN (May 2014)

"Sudan woman faces death for apostasy". BBC News. 15 May 2014. Retrieved 2014-05-16.

Service, Religion News (2014-07-26). "Meriam Ibrahim, Woman Freed From Sudan, Announces Plans To Settle In New Hampshire". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2017-05-17.

Taslima's Pilgrimage Meredith Tax, from The Nation

Davidson, John (2019-04-16). "Christianity grows in Syrian town once besieged by Islamic State". Reuters. Kobanî. Archived from the original on 2019-04-21.

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostasy

Sorry to ask, but please GoFundMe.

 

FedEx ORDERED SECURITY WHISTLEBLOWER TO PSYCHIATRIC EXAM

 

WHITE PLAINS, NY – MAY 31, 2017 – A former decorated U.S. Air Force E-3A AWACS Aircraft Commander who tracked Russian Bear bombers over the North Atlantic Ocean during the Cold War, chased Columbian cocaine traffickers in the Gulf of Mexico and surveilled combatants during the Iran-Iraq War in the Persian Gulf, is now battling FedEx Express management over Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) security regulations.

 

Captain Mark Estabrook, an Airbus 300 captain based in Memphis, Tennessee, is suing Federal Express Corporation under the Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century (AIR-21) over his employer’s attempts to discredit and silence him after he requested to speak with company founder Fred Smith regarding al-Qaeda terrorist threats.

 

Estabrook was ordered by FedEx management to undergo a psychiatric examination by Dr. George Glass in Houston, Texas, after Estabrook attempted to communicate security violations in 2013 through then FedEx Chief Pilot Bill McDonald. The violations concerned the airline’s obligation to prevent and deter the carriage of explosive devices on its aircraft.

 

Estabrook was his union’s Security Committee Chairman following 9-11, and asked company executives and FAA Administrator Jane Garvey in 2001-2002 to cease publication of package and aircraft tracking data on the internet because terrorists would exploit the data to time the detonation of bombs in order to maximize targeting, damage, casualty and propaganda values.

 

“Publication of real time package and aircraft tracking data actually encourages and incentivizes al-Qaeda terrorists to use FedEx aircraft as guided missiles,” said Lee Seham, counsel for Captain Estabrook. “FedEx has the option to opt out of publishing their pilots’ real time position, altitude, heading, airspeed and flight identification number, but they choose to release that FAA air traffic control data to companies that republish it on the internet.”

 

FedEx officials were aware of Estabrook’s repeated warnings immediately after 9-11, but Estabrook testified that Federal Express Senior Vice President of Air and Ground Freight Services William Logue informed the airline captain in April of 2002 “marketing trumps security.” The union security chairman had just asked management representatives in the room to raise their hand if they felt America was at war with al-Qaeda. Everyone in the room raised their hand. He was met with silence when he then asked if Winston Churchill would have authorized publishing real time aircraft position data for Hitler’s Luftwaffe in World War II.

 

In mid-September of 2010, al-Qaeda made two separate shipments of books to Chicago on UPS and FedEx aircraft in a dry-run attempt to collect real time tracking data from the internet. But for the actual airbill numbers collected by Saudi intelligence agents later in October 2010, and subsequent interception of the actual bomb shipments, al-Qaeda’s Anwar al-Awlaki and Ibrahim Hassan al-Asiri would have successfully detonated bombs over the northeastern United Sates.

 

On August 3-4, 2013, Estabrook was reading about the 2010 printer bombs incident when he stumbled across media reports of the “dry run” incidents a month prior to the actual bomb shipments. As Richard Clarke, former chief counter-terrorism adviser on the U.S. National Security Council, said: "The dry run is always important to al-Qaeda. In this case they wanted to follow the packages using the tracking system.” Estabrook knew this was the security threat he had warned FedEx and FAA officials about it 2001 and 2002, and he felt compelled to revisit the issue with FedEx CEO Fred Smith and wrote a quick email to his Chief Pilot requesting a phone conversation with Fred. He then turned his cell phone off as most FedEx pilots do to mitigate the effects of fatigue from back-side-of-the-clock flying and called it a night.

 

On August 5, 2013, FedEx Chief Pilot Bill McDonald placed Estabrook on Not Operationally Qualified (NOQ) status, which effectively grounded the pilot from flying or traveling on the airline’s cockpit jumpseats. When Estabrook woke up, he checked his flight schedule for an upcoming trip to Panama only to find he had been removed and grounded. He later learned through email that he had been scheduled for an August 9, 2013 meeting with FedEx management representatives Rob Fisher, Airbus Fleet Captain; Rob Tice, Lead Counsel Labor Relations Law; and Todd Ondra, Managing Director of Aviation Security.

 

At the meeting Estabrook argued that FedEx was failing to meet its obligations to prevent and deter the placement of bombs on its aircraft. Management representatives did not respond to any of Captain Estabrook’s security concerns, but Tice suddenly tried to elicit an admission from him that he had suffered an unreported stroke. Estabrook strongly denied the medical accusation, which would have been the same as admitting a felony, since pilots must reveal all medical conditions to their Aero Medical Examiners (AME) and give FedEx cause for his termination. Rob Fisher placed Estabrook back on flying status and he returned to his home in Austin, Texas upon conclusion of the less than 1-hour meeting.

 

Later the same evening, Estabrook received a phone call from Fisher advising that the director of aviation security was placing him back on NOQ status and sending him to a psychiatrist for an examination. Incensed, Estabrook demanded to know why. Fisher responded, “all they said was is that you knew too much.”

 

Estabrook obtained the services of aviation lawyer Alan Armstrong in Atlanta, Georgia, who immediately demanded FedEx counsel Rob Tice retract any accusations that Estabrook suffered a Temporary Ischemic Attack (TIA), withdraw Fisher’s order for his client to undergo a psychiatric evaluation and comply with FedEx’s published representations that it follows the “if you see something, say something” security reporting protocols of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Transportation Security Administration (TSA).

 

FedEx legal ignored Armstrong’s demands and Captain Estabrook ultimately submitted to a stressful and invasive psychiatric examination by Dr. George Glass in Houston, Texas, on, ironically, September 11, 2013, since his employer threatened disciplinary action up to and including termination for insubordination if he failed to comply. Dr. Glass failed to issue a diagnosis, but recommended Estabrook for therapy in his report to Dr. Thomas M. Bettes of Harvey Watt & Company, FedEx’s aeromedical advisor.

 

Estabrook then retained the law firm of Seham, Seham Meltz & Petersen shortly before filing an AIR-21 whistleblower lawsuit against Federal Express Corporation on October 3, 2013.

 

Dr. William E. Green, III, of Columbia, South Carolina, a board certified psychiatrist well known in the aviation community and acting in a rebuttal tie-breaking capacity, reported in his follow-up examination of Estabrook that: “I did not see any evidence of abnormal thinking or mood symptoms, and also feel he is psychiatrically stable and displays no evidence of any coexisting psychiatric disorder which would interfere with his ability to safely operate aircraft. I also strongly disagree with some of the medical opinions of Dr. Glass in that I do not see any evidence of ‘depression or hypomania,’ and that he was truly trying to raise these issues more as safety and security issues and not in an effort to raise trouble or cause problems at work.”

 

Estabrook eventually returned to flying after a stressful four-month grounding, threat of termination and successful completion of a shortened flight simulator evaluation.

 

Administrative Law Judge Scott R. Morris’ extraordinary findings of 16 May 2017 effectively held that FedEx initiated a psychiatric examination without reasonable cause and improperly directed Dr. Bettes to authorize a psychiatric examination without prior medical review or consultation with Estabrook's AME.

 

The ALJ found that there was "no credible evidence" supporting key factual allegations upon which FedEx’s decision was taken and that the company had attempted to "cloak its decision" to require the Complainant to undergo a psychiatric analysis with a "disingenuous approach," and that FedEx "treads on thin ice by offering such a flimsy justification for referring Complainant to a mental evaluation in this case."

 

The ALJ concluded that FedEx's "treatment of Complainant resembles ... an over-reaction in response to Complainant's demonstrated knowledge of security issues..." and strongly criticized FedEx management by ruling that:

 

“The quickest way to chill the open dialogue in the area of aviation security is to place a person’s livelihood at stake for speaking up. Respondent referenced the Germanwings incident in support of its argument for deference in the manner it proceeded. The cases differ in several important respects. Namely, no evidence exists that suggests Complainant or his treating physician withheld information from Respondent about his mental health. Sending someone for a mental health evaluation merely because his statements are odd or because one “knew too much” is a slippery slope that must be guarded against. Respondent treads on thin ice by offering such a flimsy justification for referring Complainant to a mental evaluation in this case. Complainant was well justified to raise his concerns and object to Respondent’s actions,”

 

but then failed to place liability on Federal Express.

 

In a hyper-technical legal argument, ALJ Morris ruled that only the FAA can interpret its regulations and that the FAA obviously isn’t concerned that republishing real time package and aircraft-tracking data on the internet violates FedEx’s responsibility to prevent and deter the carriage of bombs. Captain Estabrook believes the practice incentivizes terrorists to place bombs on FedEx aircraft.

 

“Instead of preventing all airlines from using psychiatric tactics to silence whistleblowers, this decision actually encourages the abusive and painful practice,” said Seham. “Washington should sit up and take notice of this case. The security, safety and employment implications of this decision are staggering. This is not the Soviet Union.”

 

Captain Estabrook is appealing the ALJ’s decision based, in part, on the U.S. Supreme Court decision Perez v. Mortg. Bankers Ass’n, 135 S. Ct. 1199, 1221 (2015) where “In each case, the Judiciary is called upon to exercise its independent judgment and apply the law.”

 

CONTACT:

 

Lee Seham, Esq.

Seham, Seham, Meltz & Petersen, LLP

199 Main Street - Seventh Floor

White Plains, New York 10601

 

Tel: (914) 997-1346 Fax: (914) 997-7125

 

Email: ssmpls@aol.com Website: www.ssmplaw.com/

 

DOL CASE NO: 2014-AIR-00022

 

**********************************************************************

 

To my friends on Flickr,

 

I am trying to raise money to pay for legal fees that will be used to appeal Judge Scott Morris' very dangerous decision in my whistleblower lawsuit against Federal Express Corporation. I have already spent in excess of $300,000.00 on my own behalf, but also on behalf of all Americans who come forward with safety or security violations to their employers, and suffer psychiatric harassment as a consequence of their actions.

 

Judge Morris' decision will deter future whistleblowers from coming forward by giving corporations a serious and dangerous tool to discourage employees from speaking up about violations. Unfortunately, this is a growing problem for whistleblowers, and runs counter to the intent of Congress when they originally passed whistleblower legislation.

 

I will be forever grateful for your generosity, as it will help me continue my legal fight on behalf of all of us as I near retirement and try to fund my legal fees. Your donations will allow me to continue my appeal of Judge Morris' frightening decision.

 

Sincerely,

 

Captain Mark Estabrook

 

PS: To learn more about my case, go to www.jetpilots.com. Please forward this story to your media contacts. They are free to use the photo for media purposes.

Whistleblowers often take very significant efforts to bring us material and often at very significant risks.

 

Julian Assange

www.whistleblowers.org

WHISTLE BLOWER

After weeks of devoting their "1 in 5 million" weekly anti-government protests to Aleksandar Obradovic, the whistleblower for the Krusik ammunition factory while he was under house arrest in his native Valjevo town in western Serbia, Belgarderes welcomed him at the rally on Saturday, N1 reported.

 

The crowd cheered the man many considered a hero who did not yield to pressure and refused an 'indecent' offer to stop talking about shady businesses in arms trade that damaged Krusik and the state-owned arms dealer Jugoimport SDPR, while the profit went to private companies, one of which Obradovic linked to the father of Interior Minister Nebojsa Stefanovic.

 

"The truth cannot be hidden. The example of Krusik shows the anatomy of the regime," Obradovic told the crowd in Belgrade on Saturday.

 

He said that "a better future doesn't come on its own; we have to fight for it."

 

"I'm one of you; we'll succeed if we believe in victory," Obradovic told the crowd.

 

A huge banner reading 'Aleksandar Obradovic Our Hero' was posted on a lorry which from the speakers had addressed the protesters for the last 54 Saturday's in a row.

 

protest 1 od 5 milionaIzvor: N1

The traditional walk passed by the state RTS TV and continued outside the seat of Serbia's President Aleksandar Vucic.

 

Just over a month ago, Obradovic addressed the Belgrade rally for the first time by phone from his home, telling the demonstrators that everyone could overcome their fears like he did.

 

He said he revealed the illegal activities at Krusik to help others rid themselves of their fear. "If I could do it, trust me, every one of you can," he said.

 

Obradovic then added he did not consider himself a hero or a measure of courage but just an ordinary man who refused to watch his company being destroyed.

 

He was arrested in September, held under house arrest, moved to the jail, and after media published the story which triggered a public outcry, Obradovic was again placed under house arrest.

 

Three months after the arrest, a court released Obradovic three days ago. However, he is accused of publicising business secrets.

 

Serbia's authorities say he cannot be treated as a whistleblower under the law since he gave the documents to a foreign journalist instead to the respective institutions.

 

His lawyer said there was no evidence which could prove Obradovic's guilt. The lawyer said Obradovic was the whistleblower and could even be a witness in the case he revealed.

 

Obradovic leaked documents showing that Stefanovic's father was involved in deals with Krusik at privileged prices with the ammunitions he bought for export to Saudi Arabia ending up in the hands of Islamic extremists in Yemen.

 

rs.n1info.com/documents/1404715/comments/NEWS/Serbia-s-wh...

Hot Dog Guy meets Wiener Whistle.

My favorites from the Zombie Walk. These guys had great costumes and a whole routine to go with it. Check out the too long red tie. DJT is on the phone talking to "Rudy". In his hand are a Russian and Ukraine Flag along with an "M" peach. The cart has envelopes labeled TOP SECRET. The envelopes were being distributed to boardwalk passerby that "LOOKED TRUSTWORTHY". All the while the referee is blowing his whistle and waving the American flag. Zombie Walk- Asbury Park NJ

On Saturday 5 February 2022, I went to meet and photograph some of the activists staging their weekly protest at Piccadilly Circus against the continued detention and extradition proceedings against whistleblower and dissident journalist Julian Assange.

 

( This photo of an activist at Piccadilly Circus. )

 

Nearly two weeks earlier on Monday 24 January, the High Court had made its decision regarding whether Julian Aaange' could request an appeal hearing on his extradition case at Britain's Supreme Court. As Julian Assange's fiancée, Stella Morris, left the building she smiled briefly, an immediate indication that there was at least some good news. She then gave a brief speech to a crowd of supporters and the press -

 

'Make no mistake,' she declared, 'We won today in court,' but then added, 'but let's not forget that every time we win, as long as this case is not dropped, as long as Julian is not freed, Julian continues to suffer.'

 

While Assange's defence team were granted the right to apply for a hearing at the Supreme Court, it will be up to Britain's highest court to decide whether to agree to consider his case. That decision on a possible Supreme Court hearing is expected sometime in the next two to three months.

 

Unfortunately, the remit of the appeal has been restricted to examining the United States' claimed legal promises on how Assange will be treated, rather than to the wider issues of freedom of speech, the CIA plot to assassinate him, the extent to which the evidence against him has obviously been fabricated or as to whether his treatment in Belmarsh Prison has amounted to torture.

 

On the last point, it is interesting to note that UN special rapporteur for torture, Nils Melzer, has already declared that the conditions Assange has been forced to endure at Belmarsh prison, including prolonged periods of solitary, constitute both arbitrary detention and torture.

 

www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID...

 

If convicted in the United States on the charges of espionage for exposing US war crimes in Afghanistan and Iraq as well as other wrongdoing by the United States and other governments, he faces up to 175 years in prison.

 

A week after Britain's High Court decision Assange was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize for his fight for democracy by Martin Sonnenborn, a German MEP.

 

morningstaronline.co.uk/article/julian-assange-nominated-...

 

If you are interested in the Assange case more information can be found at the following links -

 

assangedefense.org

 

www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/usuk-julian-assanges-po...

 

rsf.org/en/news/rsf-condemns-uk-high-courts-decision-allo...

 

  

Woman blowing the whistle at Stockholm prideparade 2014.

A botched renewable energy scheme that has left Stormont facing an overspend of hundreds of millions of pounds has been branded one of the biggest political scandals since devolution returned to Northern Ireland.

found the piece with the streak still wet

We never sleep

Scale car

I put my money on...

On Saturday 29 January, I went to meet and photograph some of the activists staging their weekly protest outside Belmarsh Prison against the continued detention and extradition proceedings against whistleblower and dissident journalist Julian Assange.

 

The previous Monday the High Court had made its decision regarding whether Julian Aaange' could request an appeal hearing on his extradition case at Britain's Supreme Court. As Julian Assange's fiancée, Stella Morris, left the building she smiled briefly, an immediate indication that there was at least some good news. She then gave a brief speech to a crowd of supporters and the press -

 

'Make no mistake,' she declared, 'We won today in court,' but then added, 'but let's not forget that every time we win, as long as this case is not dropped, as long as Julian is not freed, Julian continues to suffer.'

 

While Assange's defence team were granted the right to apply for a hearing at the Supreme Court, it will be up to Britain's highest court to decide whether to agree to consider his case. That decision on a possible Supreme Court hearing is expected sometime in the next two to three months.

 

Unfortunately, the remit of the appeal has been restricted to examining the United States' claimed legal promises on how Assange will be treated, rather than to the wider issues of freedom of speech, the CIA plot to assassinate him, the extent to which the evidence against him has obviously been fabricated or as to whether his treatment in Belmarsh Prison has amounted to torture.

 

If convicted in the United States on the charges of espionage for exposing US war crimes in Afghanistan and Iraq as well as other wrongdoing by the United States and other governments, he faces up to 175 years in prison.

nekst

 

This is another example of Yosemite’s Finest; Mobbing spreading hate. These are my neighbors recently harassing me as I go to bed. Please put on a good set of headphones, turn the volume up, to get the True Yosemite Experience. This is after a filed a complaint with Yosemite’s Superintendent. This complaint listed Harassment, Whistleblower Retaliation, Mobbing, Waste, Fraud, Health and Safety and Cover-Up. In the three-page complaint, I addressed my neighbors stomping and fake coughing at my door and pass my room; keeping me sleep deprived. Because I wasn’t specific enough about the noise and didn’t include door slamming; these are my neighbors (Yosemite’s Finest), slamming doors as I go to bed. Remember when you told your kids to go to their room and they were mad because they didn’t get their way, what did they do? These are not kids, some are even so-called Senior Employees and they want to call me crazy. I kept this short, but if you want more; I have lots, I’m talking crazy amounts…. It starts out with one of the guys that lives to my right, walking by my room calling me a Dick, then slamming his door, you’ll hear stomping pass my door and a dog barking. My neighbors like to use their pets and borrowed children to harass me also. One evening I had a group of women outside my room. One of them was on her hands and knees, slapping the floor, trying to get a dog to bark. I opened my door to see what was going on; the poor dog was so scared it ran right into my room. The woman that was slapping the floor; was waiting for me to home from work today, so she could gloat and bait me.

As you can hear; filing a complaint with our Superintendent, is like trying to sleep while your neighbors are slamming doors. No one has reached out to me in over two weeks. This says a ton about our lack of Leadership. My neighbors, mangers, coworkers and others continue to reach out every day; with harassment and retaliation. The list of Non-Compliance continues and as you can hear, no one here in Yosemite cares. I’ve addressed these same issues year after year; as people have died from Hanta Virus (no shit, Google it) and killed by falling trees (I'm talking decaying trees inour housing areas). I watch guest clean up after people that work here day after day, tons of recyclable go to landfills, electrical and natural resources waste off the charts and you can hear the harassment and retaliation from my neighbors. Things like this are done daily and I’ve watching it for over 10 years now. Each time I reach out and address this to management; well, you can hear just a small sample of the retaliation I receive. People; Gang Stalking, Community Stalking and Workplace Mobbing are real. Here in Yosemite National Park; they have these Toxic, conspired forms of spreading hate (Mobbing) perfected and some are even rewarded. Yosemite’s Mobbing Community have No Boundaries.

My next step is to our Legislative Branch; for me that would be Congressman McClintock. Hopefully, his office will request an investigation. This investigation will be done by our Judicial Branch, don’t hold your breath. I’ve been through this before, several times. Most cases; someone setting in an Admin office, will email someone else in an Admin office, say there was an investigation (with no one contacting me), the findings were inconclusive or some cover-up Bull-Shit. But I will continue. If those in charge will not remove these vile, vindictive, hating mobbing perpetrators; then those in charge, those with contracts need to be removed. You’re welcome follow along. This could drag out over months as Yosemite’s Mobbing Community continues pushing out those with ethics morals and accountability.

 

Yosemite’s current Superintendent is: Michael T Reynolds

 

Nominated Director National Parks Services is: David Vela

 

More Audio Truth about Yosemite National Park: flic.kr/p/2hJ7Rye

 

• The truth about Yosemite 2016 to current: www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Yosemite-Chief-Retiring-Ami...

 

Thank you and Flickr for giving me the opportunity to expose the Truth. Doing so, is becoming more dangerous each and every day, in the United States.

 

Several hundred people have staged a protest march in Hong Kong in support of US-whistleblower Edward Snowden. Demonstrators marched from Chater Garden to the US Consulate in Central. Protesters accused the US government of infringing people's rights and privacy. They said Mr Snowden should be protected. The former CIA-employee, has said he'll stay in Hong Kong to fight any attempt to extradite him to the United States. The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong has urged the US government to clarify whether it has hacked into the computers of any individuals, corporations or institutions in Hong Kong.