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Photo captured via Minolta MD Rokkor-X 50mm F/1.7 lens. In the city of Redmond. King County, Washington. Late October 2015.
Exposure Time: 1/200 sec. * ISO Speed: ISO-800 * Aperture: F/2.8 * Bracketing: None
Pocillopora palmata - in-situ fossil cauliflower coral colony in the reef facies of the Cockburn Town Member, upper Grotto Beach Formation at the Cockburn Town Fossil Reef, western margin of San Salvador Island.
The Cockburn Town Fossil Reef is a well-preserved, well-exposed Pleistocene fossil reef. It consists of non-bedded to poorly-bedded, poorly-sorted, very coarse-grained, aragonitic fossiliferous limestones (grainstones and rubblestones), representing shallow marine deposition in reef and peri-reef facies. Cockburn Town Member reef facies rocks date to the MIS 5e sea level highstand event (early Late Pleistocene). Dated corals in the Cockburn Town Fossil Reef range in age from 114 to 127 ka.
Pocillopora is the only coral genus that went extinct in the Caribbean at the end-Pleistocene.
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The surface bedrock geology of San Salvador consists entirely of Pleistocene and Holocene limestones. Thick and relatively unforgiving vegetation covers most of the island’s interior (apart from inland lakes). Because of this, the most easily-accessible rock outcrops are along the island’s shorelines.
------------------------------
Stratigraphic Succession in the Bahamas:
Rice Bay Formation (Holocene, <10 ka), subdivided into two members (Hanna Bay Member over North Point Member)
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Grotto Beach Formation (lower Upper Pleistocene, 119-131 ka), subdivided into two members (Cockburn Town Member over French Bay Member)
--------------------
Owl's Hole Formation (Middle Pleistocene, ~215-220 ka & ~327-333 ka & ~398-410 ka & older)
------------------------------
San Salvador’s surface bedrock can be divided into two broad lithologic categories:
1) LIMESTONES
2) PALEOSOLS
The limestones were deposited during sea level highstands (actually, only during the highest of the highstands). During such highstands (for example, right now), the San Salvador carbonate platform is partly flooded by ocean water. At such times, the “carbonate factory” is on, and abundant carbonate sediment grains are generated by shallow-water organisms living on the platform. The abundance of carbonate sediment means there will be abundant carbonate sedimentary rock formed after burial and cementation (diagenesis). These sea level highstands correspond with the climatically warm interglacials during the Pleistocene Ice Age.
Based on geochronologic dating on various Bahamas islands, and based on a modern understanding of the history of Pleistocene-Holocene global sea level changes, surficial limestones in the Bahamas are known to have been deposited at the following times (expressed in terms of marine isotope stages, “MIS” - these are the glacial-interglacial climatic cycles determined from δ18O analysis):
1) MIS 1 - the Holocene, <10 k.y. This is the current sea level highstand.
2) MIS 5e - during the Sangamonian Interglacial, in the early Late Pleistocene, from 119 to 131 k.y. (sea level peaked at ~125 k.y.)
3) MIS 7 - ~215 to 220 k.y. - late Middle Pleistocene
4) MIS 9 - ~327-333 k.y. - late Middle Pleistocene
5) MIS 11 - ~398-410 k.y. - late Middle Pleistocene
Bahamian limestones deposited during MIS 1 are called the Rice Bay Formation. Limestones deposited during MIS 5e are called the Grotto Beach Formation. Limestones deposited during MIS 7, 9, 11, and perhaps as old as MIS 13 and 15, are called the Owl’s Hole Formation. These stratigraphic units were first established on San Salvador Island (the type sections are there), but geologic work elsewhere has shown that the same stratigraphic succession also applies to the rest of the Bahamas.
During times of lowstands (= times of climatically cold glacial intervals of the Pleistocene Ice Age), weathering and pedogenesis results in the development of soils. With burial and diagenesis, these soils become paleosols. The most common paleosol type in the Bahamas is calcrete (a.k.a. caliche; a.k.a. terra rosa). Calcrete horizons cap all Pleistocene-aged stratigraphic units in the Bahamas, except where erosion has removed them. Calcretes separate all major stratigraphic units. Sometimes, calcrete-looking horizons are encountered in the field that are not true paleosols.
----------------------------
Subsurface Stratigraphy of San Salvador Island:
The island’s stratigraphy below the Owl’s Hole Formation was revealed by a core drilled down ~168 meters (~550-feet) below the surface (for details, see Supko, 1977). The well site was at 3 meters above sea level near Graham’s Harbour beach, between Line Hole Settlement and Singer Bar Point (northern margin of San Salvador Island). The first 37 meters were limestones. Below that, dolostones dominate, alternating with some mixed dolostone-limestone intervals. Reddish-brown calcretes separate major units. Supko (1977) infers that the lowest rocks in the core are Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene, based on known Bahamas Platform subsidence rates.
In light of the successful island-to-island correlations of Middle Pleistocene, Upper Pleistocene, and Holocene units throughout the Bahamas (see the Bahamas geologic literature list below), it seems reasonable to conclude that San Salvador’s subsurface dolostones may correlate well with sub-Pleistocene dolostone units exposed in the far-southeastern portions of the Bahamas Platform.
Recent field work on Mayaguana Island has resulted in the identification of Miocene, Pliocene, and Lower Pleistocene surface outcrops (see: www2.newark.ohio-state.edu/facultystaff/personal/jstjohn/...). On Mayaguana, the worked-out stratigraphy is:
- Rice Bay Formation (Holocene)
- Grotto Beach Formation (Upper Pleistocene)
- Owl’s Hole Formation (Middle Pleistocene)
- Misery Point Formation (Lower Pleistocene)
- Timber Bay Formation (Pliocene)
- Little Bay Formation (Upper Miocene)
- Mayaguana Formation (Lower Miocene)
The Timber Bay Fm. and Little Bay Fm. are completely dolomitized. The Mayaguana Fm. is ~5% dolomitized. The Misery Point Fm. is nondolomitized, but the original aragonite mineralogy is absent.
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The stratigraphic information presented here is synthesized from the Bahamian geologic literature.
----------------------------
Supko, P.R. 1977. Subsurface dolomites, San Salvador, Bahamas. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 47: 1063-1077.
Bowman, P.A. & J.W. Teeter. 1982. The distribution of living and fossil Foraminifera and their use in the interpretation of the post-Pleistocene history of Little Lake, San Salvador, Bahamas. San Salvador Field Station Occasional Papers 1982(2). 21 pp.
Sanger, D.B. & J.W. Teeter. 1982. The distribution of living and fossil Ostracoda and their use in the interpretation of the post-Pleistocene history of Little Lake, San Salvador Island, Bahamas. San Salvador Field Station Occasional Papers 1982(1). 26 pp.
Gerace, D.T., R.W. Adams, J.E. Mylroie, R. Titus, E.E. Hinman, H.A. Curran & J.L. Carew. 1983. Field Guide to the Geology of San Salvador (Third Edition). 172 pp.
Curran, H.A. 1984. Ichnology of Pleistocene carbonates on San Salvador, Bahamas. Journal of Paleontology 58: 312-321.
Anderson, C.B. & M.R. Boardman. 1987. Sedimentary gradients in a high-energy carbonate lagoon, Snow Bay, San Salvador, Bahamas. CCFL Bahamian Field Station Occasional Paper 1987(2). (31) pp.
1988. Bahamas Project. pp. 21-48 in First Keck Research Symposium in Geology (Abstracts Volume), Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin, 14-17 April 1988.
1989. Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, June 17-22, 1988. 381 pp.
1989. Pleistocene and Holocene carbonate systems, Bahamas. pp. 18-51 in Second Keck Research Symposium in Geology (Abstracts Volume), Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado, 14-16 April 1989.
Curran, H.A., J.L. Carew, J.E. Mylroie, B. White, R.J. Bain & J.W. Teeter. 1989. Pleistocene and Holocene carbonate environments on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. 28th International Geological Congress Field Trip Guidebook T175. 46 pp.
1990. The 5th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, June 15-19, 1990, Abstracts and Programs. 29 pp.
1991. Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas. 247 pp.
1992. The 6th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, June 11-15, 1992, Abstracts and Program. 26 pp.
1992. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on the Natural History of the Bahamas, June 7-11, 1991. 123 pp.
Boardman, M.R., C. Carney, B. White, H.A. Curran & D.T. Gerace. 1992. The geology of Columbus' landfall: a field guide to the Holcoene geology of San Salvador, Bahamas, Field trip 3 for the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 26-29, 1992. Ohio Division of Geological Survey Miscellaneous Report 2. 49 pp.
Carew, J.L., J.E. Mylroie, N.E. Sealey, M. Boardman, C. Carney, B. White, H.A. Curran & D.T. Gerace. 1992. The 6th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, June 11-15, 1992, Field Trip Guidebook. 56 pp.
1993. Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, June 11-15, 1992. 222 pp.
Lawson, B.M. 1993. Shelling San Sal, an Illustrated Guide to Common Shells of San Salvador Island, Bahamas. San Salvador, Bahamas. Bahamian Field Station. 63 pp.
1994. The 7th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, June 16-20, 1994, Abstracts and Program. 26 pp.
1994. Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on the Natural History of the Bahamas, June 11-14, 1993. 107 pp.
Carew, J.L. & J.E. Mylroie. 1994. Geology and Karst of San Salvador Island, Bahamas: a Field Trip Guidebook. 32 pp.
Godfrey, P.J., R.L. Davis, R.R. Smtih & J.A. Wells. 1994. Natural History of Northeastern San Salvador Island: a "New World" Where the New World Began, Bahamian Field Station Trail Guide. 28 pp.
Hinman, G. 1994. A Teacher's Guide to the Depositional Environments on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. 64 pp.
Mylroie, J.E. & J.L. Carew. 1994. A Field Trip Guide Book of Lighthouse Cave, San Salvador Island, Bahamas. 10 pp.
1995. Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, June 16-20, 1994. 134 pp.
1995. Terrestrial and shallow marine geology of the Bahamas and Bermuda. Geological Society of America Special Paper 300.
1996. The 8th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, May 30-June 3, 1996, Abstracts and Program. 21 pp.
1996. Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on the Natural History of the Bahamas, June 9-13, 1995. 165 pp.
1997. Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, May 30-June 3, 1996. 213 pp.
Curran, H.A., B. White & M.A. Wilson. 1997. Guide to Bahamian Ichnology: Pleistocene, Holocene, and Modern Environments. San Salvador, Bahamas. Bahamian Field Station. 61 pp.
1998. The 9th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 4-June 8, 1998, Abstracts and Program. 25 pp.
Wilson, M.A., H.A. Curran & B. White. 1998. Paleontological evidence of a brief global sea-level event during the last interglacial. Lethaia 31: 241-250.
1999. Proceedings of the 9th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 4-8, 1998. 142 pp.
2000. The 10th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 8-June 12, 2000, Abstracts and Program. 29+(1) pp.
2001. Proceedings of the 10th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 8-12, 2000. 200 pp.
Bishop, D. & B.J. Greenstein. 2001. The effects of Hurricane Floyd on the fidelity of coral life and death assemblages in San Salvador, Bahamas: does a hurricane leave a signature in the fossil record? Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 33(4): 51.
Gamble, V.C., S.J. Carpenter & L.A. Gonzalez. 2001. Using carbon and oxygen isotopic values from acroporid corals to interpret temperature fluctuations around an unconformable surface on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 33(4): 52.
Gardiner, L. 2001. Stability of Late Pleistocene reef mollusks from San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Palaios 16: 372-386.
Ogarek, S.A., C.K. Carney & M.R. Boardman. 2001. Paleoenvironmental analysis of the Holocene sediments of Pigeon Creek, San Salvador, Bahamas. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 33(4): 17.
Schmidt, D.A., C.K. Carney & M.R. Boardman. 2001. Pleistocene reef facies diagenesis within two shallowing-upward sequences at Cockburntown, San Salvador, Bahamas. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 33(4): 42.
2002. The 11th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 6th-June 10, 2002, Abstracts and Program. 29 pp.
2004. The 12th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 3-June 7, 2004, Abstracts and Program. 33 pp.
2004. Proceedings of the 11th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 6-10, 2002. 240 pp.
Martin, A.J. 2006. Trace Fossils of San Salvador. 80 pp.
2006. Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 3-7, 2004. 249 pp.
2006. The 13th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 8-June 12, 2006, Abstracts and Program. 27 pp.
Mylroie, J.E. & J.L. Carew. 2008. Field Guide to the Geology and Karst Geomorphology of San Salvador Island. 88 pp.
2008. Proceedings of the 13th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 8-12, 2006. 223 pp.
2008. The 14th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 12-June 16, 2006, Abstracts and Program. 26 pp.
2010. Proceedings of the 14th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 12-16, 2008. 249 pp.
2010. The 15th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 17-June 21, 2010, Abstracts and Program. 36 pp.
2012. Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 17-21, 2010. 183 pp.
2012. The 16th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas and Other Carbonate Regions, June 14-June 18, 2012, Abstracts with Program. 45 pp.
(News and useful links found at bottom of description)
Read the inspiring MayDay Rally speeches! #1 by Howard Woodhouse
I’ve come here today with several questions:
What is a University?
What are some of the defining characteristics of a public university like the U of S?
Shouldn’t a university provide universal, or rather inclusive, forms of understanding to those who come to learn?
Hence, a place where there is a balanced relationship between teaching, learning, scholarship, and research?
Certainly, these have until recently been defining characteristics of public universities.
So, in light of these, let us imagine a family from Saskatchewan who wish to send their daughter to the U of S.
There are two immediate questions they have to ask: first, can we afford to send our daughter to the U of S; second, how much choice will she have in her undergraduate programs?
To the first question, the family will soon learn that Saskatchewan universities have the second highest fees in the country, according to Stats Canada.
To the second question, the daughter will soon learn that among the programs under threat by TransformUS are those in languages, mathematics, philosophy, religion and culture, art, music, and drama.
In other words, a liberal arts education may well be expunged together with the critical thought which it develops.
As a result, the sons and daughters of the people of Saskatchewan who pay for the U of S are being robbed of a pillar of university education.
And what, one might ask do senior administrators have to say about this state of affairs?
Bearing in mind that their numbers have increased by more than 100% since the year 2000 and that their salaries amount to $4.74 million?
In December, the president offered some encouragement by stating that “the university missions are teaching and learning and discovery, and any dollar spent on administration is a dollar that isn’t going to the core missions” (SP, 10 December 2013, p.A2).
This is a frank admission that senior administrators do not carry out any of the core functions of the U of S.
However, at the GAA last month the president stated that she did not know what educational quality means and was mistrustful of its use.
This is another frank admission, one that reveals either an ignorance of pedagogical practice or a dismissal of its importance.
Considerable research shows that educational quality requires classes small enough that dialogue can take place among faculty and students, enabling critical thought in which all knowledge claims can be questioned.
But, of course, the practice of questioning knowledge claims by faculty and students has its dangers for those in power.
When questioned by a student at the same meeting, the president ruled out not only a debate about TransformUS but also any further discussion of the alleged deficit in the university budget.
Is this a trend we can expect from senior administrators, namely the abandonment of reason in the one place in society where one should expect rationality to be sovereign?
Today’s rally demonstrates that some of us – students, faculty, staff, alumni, members of the public – are aware of the need to defend the core values of the university before they are frittered away for a few pieces of gold.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Some News Articles and videos a regarding the Rally and issues that lead to it:
Rally held opposing TransformUS plan of action (Video and Article on Global News):
globalnews.ca/news/1305395/rally-held-opposing-university...
As rally takes place on campus, NDP raises concerns about University of Saskatchewan's overhaul plan (Video on The StarPhoenix)
www.thestarphoenix.com/news/rally+takes+place+campus+rais...
U of S should face elephant in room (The StarPhoenix): www.thestarphoenix.com/should+face+elephant+room/9794892/...
U of S upheaval unwarranted (The StarPhoenix): www.thestarphoenix.com/upheaval+unwarranted/9799333/story...
Campus May Day rally protests looming cuts (The StarPhoenix):
www.thestarphoenix.com/business/Campus+rally+protests+loo...
TransformUS plan to cut $25.3M from University of Saskatchewan spending (The StarPhoenix): www.thestarphoenix.com/news/saskatoon/TransformUS+plan+mi...
Campus rally pans U of S cuts(CKOM):
ckom.com/story/campus-rally-pans-u-s-cuts/330558
Free Academia at USask:
freeacademiausask.blogspot.ca/
U of S cost-cutting a ‘disaster,’ Killam Prize winner says (The StarPhoenix):
www.thestarphoenix.com/entertainment/cost+cutting+disaste...
U of S distanced from noble ideal (The StarPhoenix):
www.thestarphoenix.com/touch/story.html?id=9424521
University of Saskatchewan Faculty Association VOX (USFA):
Nestlé Research Center studies behaviour to understand drivers of pleasure and healthy food choices.
You can find more beautiful picture books in iBooks store just by searching for JANGYOUNG. Here are some links for you.
itunes.apple.com/us/book/isbn9788998110321
(News and useful links found at bottom of description)
Read the inspiring MayDay Rally speeches! #1 by Howard Woodhouse
I’ve come here today with several questions:
What is a University?
What are some of the defining characteristics of a public university like the U of S?
Shouldn’t a university provide universal, or rather inclusive, forms of understanding to those who come to learn?
Hence, a place where there is a balanced relationship between teaching, learning, scholarship, and research?
Certainly, these have until recently been defining characteristics of public universities.
So, in light of these, let us imagine a family from Saskatchewan who wish to send their daughter to the U of S.
There are two immediate questions they have to ask: first, can we afford to send our daughter to the U of S; second, how much choice will she have in her undergraduate programs?
To the first question, the family will soon learn that Saskatchewan universities have the second highest fees in the country, according to Stats Canada.
To the second question, the daughter will soon learn that among the programs under threat by TransformUS are those in languages, mathematics, philosophy, religion and culture, art, music, and drama.
In other words, a liberal arts education may well be expunged together with the critical thought which it develops.
As a result, the sons and daughters of the people of Saskatchewan who pay for the U of S are being robbed of a pillar of university education.
And what, one might ask do senior administrators have to say about this state of affairs?
Bearing in mind that their numbers have increased by more than 100% since the year 2000 and that their salaries amount to $4.74 million?
In December, the president offered some encouragement by stating that “the university missions are teaching and learning and discovery, and any dollar spent on administration is a dollar that isn’t going to the core missions” (SP, 10 December 2013, p.A2).
This is a frank admission that senior administrators do not carry out any of the core functions of the U of S.
However, at the GAA last month the president stated that she did not know what educational quality means and was mistrustful of its use.
This is another frank admission, one that reveals either an ignorance of pedagogical practice or a dismissal of its importance.
Considerable research shows that educational quality requires classes small enough that dialogue can take place among faculty and students, enabling critical thought in which all knowledge claims can be questioned.
But, of course, the practice of questioning knowledge claims by faculty and students has its dangers for those in power.
When questioned by a student at the same meeting, the president ruled out not only a debate about TransformUS but also any further discussion of the alleged deficit in the university budget.
Is this a trend we can expect from senior administrators, namely the abandonment of reason in the one place in society where one should expect rationality to be sovereign?
Today’s rally demonstrates that some of us – students, faculty, staff, alumni, members of the public – are aware of the need to defend the core values of the university before they are frittered away for a few pieces of gold.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Some News Articles and videos a regarding the Rally and issues that lead to it:
Rally held opposing TransformUS plan of action (Video and Article on Global News):
globalnews.ca/news/1305395/rally-held-opposing-university...
As rally takes place on campus, NDP raises concerns about University of Saskatchewan's overhaul plan (Video on The StarPhoenix)
www.thestarphoenix.com/news/rally+takes+place+campus+rais...
U of S should face elephant in room (The StarPhoenix): www.thestarphoenix.com/should+face+elephant+room/9794892/...
U of S upheaval unwarranted (The StarPhoenix): www.thestarphoenix.com/upheaval+unwarranted/9799333/story...
Campus May Day rally protests looming cuts (The StarPhoenix):
www.thestarphoenix.com/business/Campus+rally+protests+loo...
TransformUS plan to cut $25.3M from University of Saskatchewan spending (The StarPhoenix): www.thestarphoenix.com/news/saskatoon/TransformUS+plan+mi...
Campus rally pans U of S cuts(CKOM):
ckom.com/story/campus-rally-pans-u-s-cuts/330558
Free Academia at USask:
freeacademiausask.blogspot.ca/
U of S cost-cutting a ‘disaster,’ Killam Prize winner says (The StarPhoenix):
www.thestarphoenix.com/entertainment/cost+cutting+disaste...
U of S distanced from noble ideal (The StarPhoenix):
www.thestarphoenix.com/touch/story.html?id=9424521
University of Saskatchewan Faculty Association VOX (USFA):
For Tony's group Funny Face Friday
So where are the strong?
And who are the trusted?
And where is the harmony?
Sweet harmony.
'Cause each time I feel it slippin' away, just makes me wanna cry.
What's so funny 'bout peace love & understanding? Ohhhh
What's so funny 'bout peace love & understanding? Ohhhh
What's so funny 'bout peace love & understanding?
~ Nick Lowe
U.S. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack and NASA Administrator Bill Nelson participate in a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) signing on Wednesday, June 21, 2023, at the United States Department of Agriculture in Washington, D.C. (USDA photo by Tom Witham)
"If you spend more time understanding your competitors than your customers, you will never come up with something unique."
Stefan Erschwendner
the early summer collection of tracks from 322 by role and related 85lives acts:
http://role.bandcamp.com/album/understanding
From the official website:
Located 18 km north & west of Fort Macleod, Alberta, Canada at a location where the foothills of the Rocky Mountains meet the Great Plains, one of the world's oldest, largest, and best preserved buffalo jumps can be found. Head-Smashed-In — a UNESCO World Heritage Site — has been used continuously by aboriginal peoples of the plains for nearly 6,000 years.
Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is an archaeological site known around the world as a remarkable testimony of the life of the Plains People through the millennia. The Jump bears witness to a method of hunting practiced by native people of the North American plains for nearly 6,000 years.
Due to their excellent understanding of the regional topography and bison behaviour, native people hunted bison by stampeding them over a precipice. They then carved up the carcasses and dragged the pieces to be butchered and processed in the butchering camp set up on the flats beyond the cliffs.
In 1981, the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) designated Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump as a World Heritage Site placing it among other world heritage monuments such as the Egyptian pyramids, Stonehenge and the Galapagos Islands. For more information on UNESCO, go to www.unesco.org.
This 360° panorama was stitched from 24 photographs with PTGUI Pro, processed with Color Efex, then touched up in Aperture.
Original size: 20000 × 10000 (200.0 MP; 1.00 GB).
Location: Head Smashed in Buffalo Jump, Alberta, Canada
100th Kansas State Fair Exhibit
September 7-16, 2013
Exhibit Title: 100 Years of Agriculture; Past, Present, and Future
This program is funded in part by the Kansas Humanities Council, a nonprofit cultural organization promoting understanding of the history, traditions, and ideas that shape our lives and build communities.
View images of submitted artworks as they come in on Flickr at:
Location: Kansas State Fair
2000 N. Poplar Street
Hutchinson, KS, 67502
Participants:
Breezeway Section of Fair:
Manhattan Area Weavers and Spinners Guild, Manhattan, KS
Marsha Jensen, Manhattan, KS
Abraham Buddish, Winchester, KS
Patrons of the Kansas State Fair, Hutchinson, KS
Kai Dicus, Overland Park, KS
Debbie Rodgers, Suisun City, CA
Susie G. Smith, Kansas City, MO
Randy and Lou Ann, Lyons County, KS
Jan Benteman, Clyde, KS
Flint Hills Guild, Emporia, KS
Tracey Graham, Emporia, KS
Sherry Dicus, Overland Park, KS
Meg Wieboldt, Winthrop Harbor, IL
Yvette Morton, Kansas City, MO/KS
Mo-Kan Heart Quilters Guild, KS
Doris Carr, Kansas City, MO
Harper's Fabric and Quilt Co., facilitated by Rosemary Cromer, Elaine Johnson, and the Harper's Staff, Overland Park, KS
Doug Waters, Hugoton, KS
Kathleen Ronnebaum, Baileyville, KS
John Lane, Topeka, KS
NAMI Topeka, Inc.
Kansas City Weavers Guild
Becky Stevens, Kansas City, KS/MO
Jennifer Marsh, Topeka, KS
Special Thanks to:
Thomas Fox Averill, Topeka, KS
Sarah Smarsh, Lawrence, KS
Michael Hager, Topeka, KS
Katya Strakhova, Topeka, KS
Kelli Karline, Garden City, KS
Parkwood Village, Pratt, KS
Deseret Health Rehab Center, Pratt, KS
Pratt Rehabilitation and Residence Center, Pratt, KS
Kiowa County Library, Greensburg, KS
Kingman Library, Kingman, KS
Salina Public Library, Salina, KS
West Wyandotte Library, Kansas City, KS
Chris Hawkins, Wichita, KS
Marilyn Carr, Mission, KS
Martha S. Heimbaugh, Basehor, KS
Oz Section of Fair:
Pauline Central Elementary, Topeka, KS
Robinson Elementary School, Augusta, KS
Lincoln Elementary School, Augusta, KS
Just Kids Happy English Summer Camp, Venice, Italy
Garfield Elementary School, Augusta, KS
Madison Academy Senior Lauren Daley, Madison, AL
Louis P. Slade Middle School, New Britain, CT
KT Bothwell, Sarah Bugosh Conklin, and Pamela Cowie Patrick, Huntsville, AL
Babylon Village Girl Scout Troop 360 with the Girl Scouts of Suffolk County, Babylon, NY
Art school #548 and Ksenya Gladchuk, Moscow, Russia
Rhea-Donna Reyes, Tallahassee, FL
Mt. Gap Elementary Science Club, Huntsville, AL
Shawnee Heights High School, student Kelsey White, Tecumseh, KS
Jourdan Bilderback, Huntsville, AL
Paul Revere Innovation School, 5th grade, Revere, MA
Justine, a student in the Smith Valley School Art Department, Smith, NV
Luis, Judith, Sandra, and Irvin, students from the Smith Valley School Art Department, Smith, NV
McCarter Elementary School, Topeka, KS
Adam and Madison, 4th grade students at Divine Child Elementary School, Dearborn, MI
Marie and Yazmin, 4th grade students at Divine Child Elementary School, Dearborn, MI
Southeast Elementary School, 4th grade Quest students, Meridian, MS
Stanhope Library Quilting Club, Stanhope, IA
U.S. Customs and Border Protection Commissioner R. Gil Kerlikowske, center, meets with Australian Crime Commission CEO Christopher Dawson prior to signing a memorandum of understanding on border security between the two nations in Washington, D.C., June 14, 2016. CBP Photo by Glenn Fawcett
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SunDeep ™ Bhardwaj Kullu (SDBK) Fine Art World Photostories (FAWP)™ | SDBK™ FAWP | 70+Countries | 555+Places-Destinations | 6 Continents | 2222+ World Travel Photostories | Official-
sundeepkullu.com | Fine Art Photography | 5 years World Tour May 2007-till date-continued | 2 Years Himalayan Arc Landscapes 2400 Kms Himalayas | 10
years Incredible India tour 1997-2007 | Multiple years Photography of most exotic & unexplored Unforgettable Himachal Pradesh Himalayas India | Exhibitions & Fine art Gallery HCVK |
HimachalCulturalVillage.com Ethenic Cultural experience in Himalayas of India HCVK | PhotoTube.Co Fine
Art Auctions , Web Design SEO & Digital Design | Landscapes, People & Portraits | Books ( Print / Digital ) Coffee Table Books, eBooks, iBooks | Recently Explored Dozens ALGERIA ,
SWITZERLAND RAWANDA BRAZIL INDIA SCOTLAND JORDAN EGYPT NORWAY SWEDEN GERMANY TIBET | Book Under Design Full version 3 (240 pages) "STUPENDOUS HIMALAYAS Unforgettable Himachal & Leh"
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MY RECENT entries to various PHOTOGRAPHY COMPETITIONS & latest AWARDS won. ENTRIES IN NATIONAL GEOPGRAPHIC 2012-13 PHOTO COMPETITION
ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/photo-contest/2012/users/1...
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Latest TCR AWARDS
Thanks to TCR The Critique Room Judges Panel. Thanks for this recognition as winner of TCR WATER THEME Photography Competition . Will be following more wonderfull stories at your end in the
website. All the participants did a great Job and i enjoyed other photographers compositions as well.Cheers
www.sundeepkullu.com/tcr-photography-award.html
TCR thecritiqueroom.weebly.com/winner.html
thecritiqueroom.weebly.com/contest.html
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Contacts:-
Primary :
wittysam@gmail.com ( E-mail/Skype/Whatsapp/Google+/LinkedIn/Fring/Yoono/Twitter/Gmail/Instagram/http://sundeepkullu.com & Photography & Videography and Quote for Assignments related)
World Roaming +974 55344547 (Facebook2 Mobile/Viber/Facetime/WhatsApp/Tango)
India New Delhi & Himachal Roaming +91 8527745789 (Google Plus)
sb@sundeepkullu.com ( Facebook & Personal Mail )
Secondary :
eurekasun@yahoo.com ( Flickr & Yahoo Messenger )
admin@phototube.co ( phototube.co related )
enquiries@himachalculturalvillage.com ( himachalculturalvillage.com related )
SunDeep Bhardwaj Kullu
MBA-Sales & Mktg.(Symbiosis,Pune)
B.Pub.Admn.(H.P.University,Summer Hills, Shimla)
BHM (GCC-Bangalore)
***Publishing Photostories clicked in the most exotic places on earth in 70+ countries that I visited in last decade. For all stories of 70+ Countries go to my oficial website
sundeepkullu.com ™©®
Slide Shows | Full Screen Mode | Adobe Flash or Mobile
www.flickr.com/photos/wittysam/sets/72157624062762956/
www.flickr.com/photos/wittysam/sets/72157624062638852/show/
Available on Viber / WhatsApp / Skype / Tango / Facetime / Facebook / Google Talk / Yahoo Messenger mostly.
Email & Mobilke No's to add to above social services with email & mobile nos. wittysam@gmail.com , sb@sundeepkullu.com ,
+91 8527745789 India and World roaming
+974 55344547 World roaming
KINDLY NOTE***The Stock samples of SDBWP SunDeep Bhardwaj World Photography in flickr Photostream cannot be Copied,Distributed,Published or Used in any form,full or in part,or in any kind
of media without prior permission from Sundeep Bhardwaj the owner of these images.Utilization in other websites,intenet media,pages,blogs etc without written consent is PROHIBITED.
The images are also available for licence through GETTY IMAGES or directly by contacting me.
Add me as a friend on my facebook profile 2 as my facebook profile 1 is allmost full with 4000 plus friends here - www.facebook.com/sundeephimachal
Still on my World tour entering 6th year of World travel to 70+Countries 555+Destinations across 6 Continents and multiple years of Travel Photography I am busy designing my first Travel
Photostories Book named "111 MIRACULOUS WONDERS OF WORLD YOU MUST SEE WHEN YOU ALIVE" and corresponding "111 WOW" iPhone Application soon by the end of this year 2012
Photostories on iPhone iPad iPod PC Blackberry Nokia Samsung or any Smart Phone here www.flickr.com/photos/wittysam
Mobile Blog : sundeepkullu.wordpress.com
Flickr Interesting Thumbnail View : www.flickr.com/search/?q=wittysam&s=int&ss=2&...;
Recently Explored Dozens ALGERIA SWITZERLAND RAWANDA BRAZIL INDIA NORWAY SWEDEN GERMANY TIBET BELGIUM AUSTRALIA CHINA
May 2011-May 2012 Explored 16 Destinations ( In first half of 2012)
*INDIA- Mayad Valley, Lahaul , Rohtang Pass, Manikaran, Jispa, Sissu, Gondla, Deepak Taal, Baralachha Pass, Zing Zing Bar, Deepak Taal , Suraj Taal, Kasol, Kullu-Manali, Bhunter, Keyong
*AUSTRALIA-Melbourne-Great Ocean Road-Twelve Apostles this week
*BELGIUM Brussels
*DENMARK-Copenhagen, VIETNAM Hanoi-Halong Bay
*MALAYSIA-Kuala Lumpur-Kanting Falls-Batu Caves-Petronas Twin Towers
*CANADA-Quebec-Ontario-Montreal
*SOUTH AFRICA Johnnesburg-The Cradle of Mankind-Stolkfontien Caves and Lion & Rino Park
*INDIA-Kashmir-Gulmarg-Srinagar-HIMACHAL-Kullu-Manali-Shimla-Lahaul-Spiti -Dharamshala-Kinnaur-Udaipur-Leh-Laddakh-*KERALA-Athirappily & Vazhachal Falls
*GERMANY-BAVERIA-Black Forest-Oberbayern-Garmich Patenkirchen-Eibsee Lake-Zugspitze
*UK-SCOTLAND Glencoe-Fort William-Castle around Scotland-Lochness-ENGLAND-London-Manchester-Glasgow
*ITALY-Rome-UNESCO Heritage Sites around Rome
*VATICAN CITY-Samallest Country in the World
*CHINA-Shanghai-Zhejiang-Hangzhou-The West Lake-Chongquing-Mount Emei Scenic Area, including Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area-Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries-Lushan-Buddha JAPAN Horyuji
Temple 1300 years old Japan's most sacred place & UNESCO site
*UAE-Al Ain-Abu Dhabi-Dubai-Burj Al Arab-Al Khaleefa Tallest building in the World,
*SWEDEN-Stocholm-National Parks
*NORWAY-Oslo
*RAWANDA-Kigali
Earlier in 2011 EGYPT SCOTLAND TIBET JORDAN INDIA
70 COUNTRIES SINCE PAST DECADE & WORLD TOUR SINCE 2007
These are reduced sized pictures.Orignal pictures shot in 5,616 × 3,744 (21.1 megapixels) using Canon EOS 5D Mark II FULL FRAME DSLR CAMERA or 3872 x 2592 (10.2 million effective pixels)
using NIKON D60 DSLR or 4,288 × 2,848 (12.3 effective megapixels) USING NIKON D90 DSLR's.For full size images contact me.
Contacts:-
Primary :
wittysam@gmail.com ( E-mail Viber/Whatsapp/Tango/Skype/Google+/LinkedIn/Fring/Yoono/Twitter/Gmail/Instagram/http://sundeepkullu.com & Photography & Videography and Quote for Assignments related)
World Roaming +974 55344547 (Facebook Mobile/Viber/Facetime/WhatsApp)
India New Delhi & Himachal Roaming +91 8527745789 (Google Plus)
sb@sundeepkullu.com ( Facebook & Personal Mail )
Rarely Used Secondary :
eurekasun@yahoo.com ( Flickr & Yahoo Messenger )
admin@phototube.co ( phototube.co related )
enquiries@himachalculturalvillage.com ( himachalculturalvillage.com related )
SunDeep Bhardwaj Kullu
MBA-Sales & Mktg.(Symbiosis,Pune)
B.Pub.Admn.(H.P.University,Summer Hills, Shimla)
BHM (GCC-Bangalore)
***Publishing Photostories clicked in the most exotic places on earth in 12 countries that I visited in this year. For all stories of 70+ Countries go to my oficial website
sundeepkullu.com ™©®
Slide Shows | Full Screen Mode | Adobe Flash or Mobile
www.flickr.com/photos/wittysam/sets/72157624062762956/
www.flickr.com/photos/wittysam/sets/72157624062638852/show/
Available on Skype / Facetime / Viber / WhatsApp / Facebook / Google Talk / Yahoo Messenger mostly.
Facebook/Facetime/Skype/WhatsApp/Viber/Twitter/ with wittysam@gmail.com , sb@sundeepkullu.com ,
+91 8527745789 India and World roaming
+974 55344547 World roaming
KINDLY NOTE***The Stock samples of SDBWP SunDeep Bhardwaj World Photography in flickr Photostream cannot be Copied,Distributed,Published or Used in any form,full or in part,or in any kind
of media without prior permission from Sundeep Bhardwaj the owner of these images.Utilization in other websites,intenet media,pages,blogs etc without written consent is PROHIBITED.
Add me as a friend on my facebook profile 2 as my facebook profile 1 is allmost full with allmost 5000 friends here - www.facebook.com/sundeephimachal
Thanks and regards sundeepkullu.com Sundeep™ Bhardwaj World Photography SDBWP™
The NRC signs a Memorandum of Understanding with the American Indian Science and Engineering Society establishing an agreement to benefit and support science, technology, engineering, mathematics education and career opportunities.
Photographed from left to right: Vanice Perin, NRC Native American Advisory Committee Chairman; Alice Erickson, NRC project manager; Candace Spore, NRC summer student; Lori Suto-Goldsby, NRC associate director, Civil Rights and Diversity Directorate; Sarah EchoHawk, Chief Executive Officer of the American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES); Jerome Murphy, NRC associate director, Small Business and Outreach; and Marcellus Proctor, AISES Board Member.
Full Circle of Support – Educate, Employ, and Serve Goal: To increase partnerships among federal agencies, American Indian and Alaska Native communities, and Non-Governmental Organizations around Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education and career opportunities.
Visit the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's website at www.nrc.gov/.
Visit the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's website at www.nrc.gov/.
For those who wish to leave a comment or feedback please send via email to opa.resource@nrc.gov.
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100th Kansas State Fair Exhibit
September 7-16, 2013
Exhibit Title: 100 Years of Agriculture; Past, Present, and Future
This program is funded in part by the Kansas Humanities Council, a nonprofit cultural organization promoting understanding of the history, traditions, and ideas that shape our lives and build communities.
View images of submitted artworks as they come in on Flickr at:
Location: Kansas State Fair
2000 N. Poplar Street
Hutchinson, KS, 67502
Participants:
Breezeway Section of Fair:
Manhattan Area Weavers and Spinners Guild, Manhattan, KS
Marsha Jensen, Manhattan, KS
Abraham Buddish, Winchester, KS
Patrons of the Kansas State Fair, Hutchinson, KS
Kai Dicus, Overland Park, KS
Debbie Rodgers, Suisun City, CA
Susie G. Smith, Kansas City, MO
Randy and Lou Ann, Lyons County, KS
Jan Benteman, Clyde, KS
Flint Hills Guild, Emporia, KS
Tracey Graham, Emporia, KS
Sherry Dicus, Overland Park, KS
Meg Wieboldt, Winthrop Harbor, IL
Yvette Morton, Kansas City, MO/KS
Mo-Kan Heart Quilters Guild, KS
Doris Carr, Kansas City, MO
Harper's Fabric and Quilt Co., facilitated by Rosemary Cromer, Elaine Johnson, and the Harper's Staff, Overland Park, KS
Doug Waters, Hugoton, KS
Kathleen Ronnebaum, Baileyville, KS
John Lane, Topeka, KS
NAMI Topeka, Inc.
Kansas City Weavers Guild
Becky Stevens, Kansas City, KS/MO
Jennifer Marsh, Topeka, KS
Special Thanks to:
Thomas Fox Averill, Topeka, KS
Sarah Smarsh, Lawrence, KS
Michael Hager, Topeka, KS
Katya Strakhova, Topeka, KS
Kelli Karline, Garden City, KS
Parkwood Village, Pratt, KS
Deseret Health Rehab Center, Pratt, KS
Pratt Rehabilitation and Residence Center, Pratt, KS
Kiowa County Library, Greensburg, KS
Kingman Library, Kingman, KS
Salina Public Library, Salina, KS
West Wyandotte Library, Kansas City, KS
Chris Hawkins, Wichita, KS
Marilyn Carr, Mission, KS
Martha S. Heimbaugh, Basehor, KS
Oz Section of Fair:
Pauline Central Elementary, Topeka, KS
Robinson Elementary School, Augusta, KS
Lincoln Elementary School, Augusta, KS
Just Kids Happy English Summer Camp, Venice, Italy
Garfield Elementary School, Augusta, KS
Madison Academy Senior Lauren Daley, Madison, AL
Louis P. Slade Middle School, New Britain, CT
KT Bothwell, Sarah Bugosh Conklin, and Pamela Cowie Patrick, Huntsville, AL
Babylon Village Girl Scout Troop 360 with the Girl Scouts of Suffolk County, Babylon, NY
Art school #548 and Ksenya Gladchuk, Moscow, Russia
Rhea-Donna Reyes, Tallahassee, FL
Mt. Gap Elementary Science Club, Huntsville, AL
Shawnee Heights High School, student Kelsey White, Tecumseh, KS
Jourdan Bilderback, Huntsville, AL
Paul Revere Innovation School, 5th grade, Revere, MA
Justine, a student in the Smith Valley School Art Department, Smith, NV
Luis, Judith, Sandra, and Irvin, students from the Smith Valley School Art Department, Smith, NV
McCarter Elementary School, Topeka, KS
Adam and Madison, 4th grade students at Divine Child Elementary School, Dearborn, MI
Marie and Yazmin, 4th grade students at Divine Child Elementary School, Dearborn, MI
Southeast Elementary School, 4th grade Quest students, Meridian, MS
Stanhope Library Quilting Club, Stanhope, IA
I’m happy to take this opportunity to say, Thank you!!! Every single day that we have been together has been an inspiring as we become a stronger and better team.
In the last year your professional kids have taken a leading position in both the Florida and regional competitions. I would like to express my gratitude to each and every single one of our athletes for their consistently hard work in our very demanding practices. They are the ones who make this world truly meaningful.
It is always hard for parents to choose what is best for their kids, and I know much you have to go through while waiting for the desired results.
Being the coach of the number one team is just as hard as being a parent of the professional athlete.
Thank you for giving your children the unique opportunity to be part of the beautiful world of rhythmic gymnastics miami. I believe that my job is to nourish them, instill in them the artistry of this sport, and foster their capacity to be better. I believe that my efforts will be rewarded when in years to come these kids recall their exceptional childhood experience and feel that the spirited character they cultivated here was key to reaching their dreams in any facet of life.
Rhythmic gymnastics is a beautiful sport that demonstrates the best of human abilities, and your kids are the ones chosen for this mission. Because of you our school can proudly claim being the number one club in the Southeastern region. We do have a ways to grow, and the sky will never be a limit for our courageous kids.
I would like to pronounce a special thank you to those parents who participated and supported us in multiple tours. International championships are especially challenging for me given the stress and politics involved. I would never be able to handle it without you. Your discipline and understanding of the needs of the school makes it possible for your children to attain such high results. We are always looking for ways to improve our service. Please continue to be with us, and always feel welcome at IK School of Gymnastics Miami.
Stanislas de Guaita (6 April 1861, Tarquimpol, Moselle – 19 December 1897, Tarquimpol) was a French poet based in Paris, an expert on esotericism and European mysticism, and an active member of the Rosicrucian Order. He was very celebrated and successful in his time. He had many disputes with other people who were involved with occultism and magic. Occultism and magic were part of his novels.
Early life
De Guaita came from a noble Italian family who had relocated to France, and as such his title was 'Marquis', or Marquess. He was born in the castle of Alteville in the commune of Tarquimpol, Moselle, and went to school at the lyceum in Nancy, where he studied chemistry, metaphysics and Cabala.[1] As a young man, he moved to Paris, and his luxurious apartment became a meeting place for poets, artists, and writers who were interested in esotericism and mysticism. In the 1880s, Guaita published two collections of poetry The Dark Muse (1883) and The Mystic Rose (1885), which became popular.
Rosicrucian activities
De Guaita's drawings of the upright and inverted pentagrams, representing Spirit over matter (holiness) and matter over Spirit (evil), respectively, from his book La Clef de la Magie Noire, in 1897.
De Guaita was influenced by the writings of l'Abbé Alphonse-Louis Constant, alias Eliphas Lévi, a prominent French occultist who was initiated in London to rosicrucianism by Edward Bulwer-Lytton in 1854.[2] Eliphas Lévi was also initiated as a Freemason on 14 March 1861 in the Grand Orient de France Lodge La Rose du Parfait Silence at the Orient of Paris. De Guaita became further interested in occultism after reading a novel by Joséphin Péladan which was interwoven with Rosicrucian and occult themes. In Paris, de Guaita and Péladan became acquainted, and in 1884, the two decided to try to rebuild the Rosicrucian Brotherhood.[2] They recruited Gérard Encausse to help rebuild the brotherhood. Encausse, who went by the pseudonym “Papus”, was a Spanish-born French physician and occultist who had written books on magic, Cabalah and the Tarot.
In 1888, De Guaita founded the Ordre kabbalistique de la Rose-Croix, or the Kabbalistic Order of the Rose-Cross. Rosicrucianism is an esoteric movement which first began with the publication of the three Rosicrucian Manifestos in the early 17th century. Guaita's Rosicrucian Order provided training in the Cabala, an esoteric form of Jewish and Christian mysticism, which attempts to reveal hidden mystical insights in the Bible and divine nature.[1] The order also conducted examinations and provided university degrees on Cabala topics. Guaita had a large private library of books on metaphysical issues, magic, and the "hidden sciences." He was nicknamed the "Prince of the Rosicrucians" by his contemporaries for his broad learning on Rosicrucian issues. Papus, Peladan, and Antoine de La Rochefoucauld were prominent members. Maurice Barrès was a close friend of De Guaita.
In the late 1880s, the Abbé Boullan, a defrocked Catholic Priest and the head of a schismatic branch called the “Church of the Carmel” led a “magical war” against de Guaita. French-Belgian novelist Joris K. Huysmans, a supporter of Boullan, portrayed De Guaita as a Satanic sorcerer in the novel La Bas. Another of Boullan’s supporters, the writer Jules Bois, challenged De Guaita to a pistol duel. De Guaita agreed and took part in the duel, but as both men missed, no one was hurt.
By the 1890s, De Guaita's, Papus' and Péladan’s collaboration became increasingly strained by disagreements over strategy and doctrines. Guaita and Papus lost the support of Péladan, who left to start a competing order. It is in the writings of his friend and childhood roommate Péladan that Stanislas de Guaïta found his first entry into the world of Tradition. Subsequently, reading the work of Eliphas Lévi, of which he would henceforth become the commentator and theorist, initiated him into Christian mysticism; Fabre d'Olivet directs him towards the great mysteries in general and towards the Hebrew language; and Saint-Yves d'Alveydre initiated him into the Synarchy. He joined the very recent Martinist Order of his friend Papus, then a medical student, whose pseudonym he mocked.
In light of all these influences, Guaita advocates a spiritualism exalting the Christian Tradition, which, thanks to the possible establishment of synarchy – an ideal form of government – should lead to the advent of the kingdom of God. In 1888, in the same spirit, he founded with Péladan the Kabbalistic Order of the Rose-Croix, of which Papus immediately joined, Erik Satie and the artists' banker, Olivier Dubs also joined. Peladan then separated from it to found another order: the Catholic Rosicrucians, alleging its refusal of operative magic. In 1887, in collaboration with his secretary and friend Oswald Wirth, he created a Kabbalistic Tarot which is reproduced in the Tarot des Bohemiens by Papus3.
In 1893, the Order of Guaita was attacked by Huysmans, who accused it of bewitching the defrocked Lyon abbot Joseph-Antoine Boullan from a distance. Duels ensue; Huysmans and Jules Bois oppose Papus and Guaita.
Stanislas is still this young poet less fascinated by Baudelairian taste than by the perfect aesthetic of Parnassus by Leconte Delisle and Mallarmé. Moreover, Alain Mercier4, will confirm that Guaita poet “by his classicism of form and writing, is closer to the Parnassians than to the Symbolists. Thus there were two distinct beings in him: the aristocratic and generous hermetic on the one hand, the tormented poet worried about artifice on the other. It was the writer Mendès who encouraged him to read Éliphas Lévi. His original drawing of an inverted pentagram with a goat's head appeared in La Clef de la Magie Noire (The Key to Black Magic), published the year he died. It later became conflated with Baphomet, or the Sabbatic Goat.
He died on December 19, 1897, at the age of 36, in Alteville. He is buried in Tarquimpol7,8. The causes of his early death were explained by kidney problems or drug use. Regarding drugs, he wrote:
“Coca, like hashish, but in other ways, exerts a direct and powerful action on the astral body; its customary use unties, in man, certain compressive links of his hyperphysical nature – links whose persistence is for the greatest number a guarantee of salvation. If I spoke without hesitation on this point, I would encounter unbelievers, even among occultists. I must confine myself to advice. — You who value your life, your reason, the health of your soul, avoid hypodermic injections of cocaine like the plague. Without speaking of the habit which is created very quickly (even more imperative, more tenacious and more fatal a hundred times than any other of the same kind), a particular state has taken birth. »
His rich library, made up of works, parchments, alchemical treatises and grimoires dating back to time immemorial, was dispersed during several sales in Paris, in 1899 (Dorbon - René Philippon), and in 1968 (Drouot ) and 2014 (Piasa).
Stanislas de Guaita seen by his contemporaries
“He spent five months of the year in a small ground floor on Avenue Trudaine, where he only received a few occultists, and from which he sometimes did not leave for weeks. There he had amassed a whole strange and precious library, Latin texts from the Middle Ages, old grimoires loaded with pentacles, parchments illuminated with miniatures, alchemy treatises, the most esteemed editions of Van Helmont, Paracelsus, Raymond Lulle , Saint-Martin, Martinès de Pasqually, Corneille Agrippa, Pierre de Lancre, Knorr de Rosenroth, manuscripts by Eliphas, bindings signed Derome, Capé, Trautz-Bauzonnet, Chambolle-Duru, works of contemporary science. » (Maurice Barrès, A renovator of occultism: Stanislas de Guaita, Chamuel, 1898, p. 29)
“Starting from Eliphas Lévi, he went back to the Kabbalists of the Renaissance and the Hermetic Philosophers of the Middle Ages, reading everything and understanding everything with prodigious ease. The most obscure texts became illuminated as soon as he projected the clarity of his solar spirit onto them. He played with metaphysical problems and I was far from being able to follow him..." (Oswald Wirth, Le Tarot des Imagiers du Moyen Âge, Émile Nourry, Paris, 1927.)
“He was very rich, and had devoted himself to occult sciences without knowledge or method. He only saw the picturesque side of it, like Rembrandt, like Téniers, like Jordaëns. Dressed in a red robe, sword in hand, in a setting that Breughel would not have disavowed, he evoked fantasies and dissolved larvae. The truth is that, saturated with morphine and alcohol, he really believed he saw animals climbing along his limbs, and specters moving stubbornly before his eyes. » (Michel de Lézinier, With Huysmans - Promenades et souvenirs, Paris, Delpeuch, 1928.)
“When I was young, my mother always told me happiness was the key to life. When I went to school they asked me what I wanted to be when I grew up. I wrote down “happy.” They told me I didn’t understand the assignment. I told them they don’t understand life.” John Lennon
I hiked up Soapstone mountain on Saturday morning, at the top there is an observation platform, from which one can look north over the hills to Massachusetts.
The platform is covered in graffiti. I was unable to get all the words in the top right corner into the shot, hence the quote in full, above.
I often wonder, if those whose artistic genre is graffiti, go everywhere with a couple of cans of spray paint, or did they wake up one morning and say, "I feel my creative juices flowing, I think I'll go to top of Soapstone Mountain and spray some graffiti.
An attendee at the opening of the White Rabbit gallery REFORMATION exhibition opening tries to get a better view of how the 'drawing machine' works. Sorry no artist information at the moment but will update after getting back to the exhibition. Soon!
Fujifilm X Pro1 - XF18mm F2.8 R
100th at F2.2 1600 iso
During the virtual dialogical tour through the Ars Electronica Center's Understanding AI exhibition, students are not only given a basic understanding of this technological phenomenon, but also discuss the range of applications that AI brings and also which chances and which dangers are involved.
This virtual tour is part of Ars Electronica Home Delivery.
To find out more about Ars Electronica Home Delivery go here: ars.electronica.art/homedelivery/en/
Credit: Ars Electronica - Robert Bauernhansl
...to liberate the children of men
from the darkness of ignorance,
and guide them to the light
of true understanding.
Gleanings from the Writings of Baha'u'llah, p. 79
Understanding the role of food proteins in the development of type 1 diabetes. Read the article:
www.nutritionaldoublethink.com/blog/cows-milk-sugar-overl...
Immune system graphic created by Christine Dobrowolski using funny red bacteria by gmad, pancreas by maritacovarrubias and petrified smiley face silhouette by GDJ, CC0 1.0.
Laocoonte y sus hijos es un grupo escultórico griego de datación controvertida,1 aunque suele considerarse una obra original de principios de la era cristiana.2 La obra es de un tamaño algo mayor que el natural, de 2,45 m de altura y está ejecutada en mármol blanco.3 Se encuentra en el Museo Pío-Clementino perteneciente a los Museos Vaticanos de Roma,4 y junto al Torso del Belvedere es el único original griego del antiquarium.2 Representa la muerte del sacerdote troyano Laocoonte, o Laoconte, castigado por los dioses a morir estrangulado por serpientes marinas junto a sus dos hijos. La obra fue realizada por Agesandro, Polidoro y Atenodoro de Rodas, pertenecientes a la Escuela de Rodas del periodo helenístico.5
Este grupo escultórico era conocido por descripciones antiguas, pero se creía perdido. Fue descubierto el 14 de enero de 1506 en una viña cercana a Santa María la Mayor,6 terreno propiedad de Felice de Fredis, que se encontraba en el Esquilino romano y que en tiempos antiguos había sido parte de la Domus Aurea de Nerón y luego del palacio del emperador Tito.78 El papa Julio II envió al arquitecto Giuliano de Sangallo, quien junto a Miguel Ángel, identificó la escultura como la descrita por el autor romano Plinio el Viejo en su obra enciclopédica Naturalis Historia.89 Plinio escribió10 unos comentarios laudatorios sobre la obra que vio en el palacio del emperador Tito hacia el año 70:
Debe ser situada por delante de todas, no solo del arte de la estatuaria sino también del de la pintura. Fue esculpida en un solo bloque de mármol por los excelentes artistas de Rodas Agesandro, Polidoro y Atenodoro y representa a Laocoonte, sus hijos y las serpientes admirablemente enroscadas.
Plinio el Viejo.11
Francesco da Sangallo, más tarde escultor, escribió un relato del descubrimiento de la escultura más de 60 años después:
La primera vez que estaba en Roma cuando era muy joven, el papa recibió la noticia del descubrimiento de algunas muy bellas estatuas en un viñedo cerca de Santa María La Mayor. El papa ordenó a uno de sus ayudantes que se apresurara y dijera a Giuliano da Sangallo que fuera y las viera. Así que salió inmediatamente. Ya que Michelangelo Buonarroti se encontraba siempre en nuestra casa, mi padre, habiéndole citado y habiéndole asignado el encargo del mausoleo del papa, quería que él también le acompañara. Me uní a mi padre y nos fuimos. Descendí hasta donde estaban las estatuas cuando inmediatamente mi padre dijo: “Eso es el Laoconte que dice Plinio”. Entonces cavaron el hoyo más grande para que pudieran sacar la estatua. Tan pronto como fue visible todos empezaron a dibujar, conversando todo el tiempo sobre cosas antiguas, charlando también sobre las que estaban en Florencia.
Francesco da Sangallo.12
Cuando fue descubierta le faltaban los brazos derechos de Laocoonte y de uno de sus hijos, y la mano derecha del otro hijo; también faltaban algunas partes de las serpientes. De su estado en ese momento quedan como testimonio las copias que hizo el grabador Giovanni Antonio da Brescia: un dibujo (conservado ahora en Düsseldorf, Alemania) y un grabado que contribuyó a su rápida fama.
Copia, en Mannheim, del grupo tal y como estaban representados los brazos añadidos antes de la última restauración.
Se decidió restaurar el grupo escultórico y hubo controversia sobre cómo debería haber sido el gesto del brazo que le faltaba al padre. Miguel Ángel propuso restaurar el brazo del padre en posición de flexión; el artista llegó a realizar dicho brazo, pero no llegó a ponérselo y actualmente se expone junto al grupo escultórico. Amico Aspertini también realizó un dibujo con la misma posición del brazo, y en 1525, Baccio Bandinelli realizó una copia de todo el grupo con una posición parecida para el papa León X, copia que se encuentra en la Galería de los Uffizi de Florencia. Tanto Miguel Ángel como Sangallo aconsejaron a Julio II que adquiriera la obra,2 quien, tras unas breves negociaciones,8 compró la obra por una gran cantidad monetaria —más de 600 ducados—. En 1509, Julio II mandó trasladarla al Vaticano junto a otras dos esculturas, el Apolo de Belvedere y la Venus Felix, instalándolas en tres nichos del Patio Octogonal del Belvedere, que hoy forma parte de los Museos Vaticanos.13 El rey Francisco I de Francia obtuvo el permiso del papa para la realización de varios moldes; para realizar la copia envió a Francesco Primaticcio, quien los hizo en 1540.14 Estos moldes sirvieron para hacer una escultura de bronce que fue instalada en el Palacio de Fontainebleau.815
Una primera restauración realizada por Bandinelli con cera, donde representó el brazo doblado, fue modificada en 1532 por Giovanni Angelo Montorsoli, que realizó la restauración en terracota y con el brazo de Laocoonte estirado. Entre los que criticaron esta restauración se encontraba Tiziano, quien realizó un dibujo en el que representaba a Laocoonte y sus hijos como si fueran tres monos.16 Esta caricatura fue grabada por Niccolò Boldrini.
En el siglo XVIII, el escultor Agostino Cornachini volvió a restaurar la obra, cambiando el material de la restauración por mármol y aprovechó para cambiar el brazo del hijo, modificando el gesto de este, que también fue estirado. El año 1798, tras la firma del Tratado de Tolentino, el grupo fue trasladado a París por el ejército de Napoleón como parte del botín de guerra durante su campaña en Italia,17 pero sin los elementos añadidos, y puesta en el Museo del Louvre hasta su devolución al Vaticano en 1816, cuando se le volvieron a añadir.
En 1905, el arqueólogo Ludwig Pollack identificó el brazo original,18 encontrándolo en una vieja tienda de Via Labicana.8 El brazo tenía la posición flexionada como ya había avanzado Miguel Ángel; el brazo se añadió en una restauración realizada entre 1957 y 1960,19 y dirigida por Filippo Magi, restauración en la que se retiraron todas las piezas añadidas.8
La datación de la obra es controvertida: en principio se fechaba en el siglo I a. C. porque se conservaban firmas pertenecientes a ese siglo de un escultor de Rodas llamado Atenodoro, hijo de Agesandro. Pero en 1954, Gisela M. A. Richter señaló que los nombres de Atenodoro y Agesandro fueron muy corrientes en Rodas durante varias generaciones, y además apreciaba una gran similitud de la obra con un friso que representa la lucha entre dioses y gigantes del altar de Zeus de Pérgamo. Concretamente, la expresión y las características del rostro de Laocoonte son muy similares al gigante que Atenea agarra por el pelo, así como las serpientes tienen equivalentes en el mencionado altar. Por ello lo dató en el mismo periodo que éste, en el siglo II a. C.
Sin embargo también se aprecian claras diferencias con la escultura de Pérgamo: un rostro de Laocoonte más vibrante que el de los gigantes de Pérgamo, diferencias en la técnica del modelado de la cabellera y un papel poco importante de las ropas del grupo del Laoconte en comparación con el grupo de Pérgamo.
Además, se ha demostrado que, a pesar de que la mayor parte de la escultura se hizo con mármol de Rodas, uno de los bloques usados es mármol de Luni, de origen italiano; este hecho no concuerda con lo descrito por Plinio, que sólo distinguió un bloque de mármol, ni con el hecho de que este mármol no se explotó antes de la época de Augusto. Sin embargo, Tazartes señala que el grupo está hecho con mármol de Frigia.6
También se ha sugerido que podría ser una copia o una variante libre romana de un original helenístico en bronce de los siglos III-II a. C.,420 o de los siglos II-I a. C.,6 o más concretamente, de un bronce realizado en Pérgamo en la segunda mitad del siglo II a. C.2
Vista de la gruta de Tiberio en Sperlonga
La datación en el siglo II a. C. no puede mantenerse tras el descubrimiento producido en 1957.21 En aquel año se encontraron varios fragmentos de otros cinco grupos escultóricos en la llamada gruta de Tiberio, en Sperlonga, en la costa sur del Lacio. Los grupos representan también temas homéricos y fueron llevados a la cueva bien por ricos ciudadanos romanos para evitar su destrucción, posiblemente a manos de los primeros cristianos,21 o bien fueron tallados expresamente para dicha cueva, habilitada por Tiberio como sala de banquetes.22 Uno de los grupos, que representa el tema de Ulises cegando a Polifemo lleva la firma de los tres escultores rodios mencionados por Plinio,21 quien dejó escrito:
Atenodoro, hijo de Agesandro, y Agesandro, hijo de Peonio, y Polidoro, hijo de Polidoro, rodios, lo hicieron.
La inscripción, según la mayoría de los epigrafistas, debe pertenecer al siglo I d. C., por tanto, los autores habrían vivido en ese siglo. Tanto el grupo de Ulises como el de Laocoonte podrían haber sido hechos en ese siglo para un mecenas romano, quien podría haber sido el mismo emperador Tiberio.21
En el año 2005 la investigadora estadounidense Lynn Catterson realizó una conferencia donde lanzó la hipótesis de que el grupo escultórico podría ser una falsificación realizada por Miguel Ángel, basada en una serie de datos que la relacionan con él. Sin embargo, esta hipótesis parece ignorar el hallazgo de 1957 en Sperlonga de fragmentos de esculturas realizadas con una técnica similar al Laocoonte y sus hijos.23
En los mitos griegos se relata que, durante el asedio de Troya, dos serpientes fueron enviadas por Apolo,2425 Poseidón,124 o Atenea,2 y atacaron a Laocoonte, sacerdote troyano de Apolo, y a sus dos hijos. Las versiones que relatan este episodio son numerosas y se discute si el grupo escultórico debió haberse basado en el relato de Virgilio en la Eneida, en el que morían Laocoonte y sus dos hijos, o en una versión anterior narrada en un poema perdido del ciclo troyano, la Iliupersis, donde morían Laocoonte y solo uno de los hijos. La fuente también pudo haber sido una tragedia perdida.
Laocoonte era el sacerdote del templo de Apolo Timbreo en Troya y, al igual que Casandra, advirtió a los troyanos que si dejaban entrar en la ciudad al Caballo de Troya caerían en una trampa tendida por los griegos aqueos:
¡Necios, no os fieis de los griegos ni siquiera cuando os traigan regalos!
Virgilio, Eneida
Laocoonte llegó a arrojar una lanza que se clavó en el caballo de madera, pero cuando los troyanos estaban a punto de destruir el caballo, los soldados troyanos trajeron a Sinón, quien con las mentiras ideadas por Odiseo logró convencer a Príamo de que se trataba de una imagen sagrada de Atenea. Laocoonte, para tratar de impedir que entraran el caballo en la ciudad exclamó:
Ésas son mentiras -gritó Laocoonte- y parecen inventadas por Odiseo. ¡No le creas Príamo! [...] Te ruego, señor, que me permitas sacrificar un toro a Poseidón. Cuando vuelva espero ver este caballo de madera reducido a cenizas.
Graves, Los mitos griegos
Cuando Laocoonte se disponía a sacrificar el toro a Poseidón, dos serpientes marinas, llamadas Porces y Caribea, o Curisia, o Peribea, llegaron desde Ténedos y las Calidnes;26 salieron del mar y atacaron a los hijos mellizos de Laocoonte, llamados Antifante y Timbreo o Melanto,26 enroscándose alrededor de sus cuerpos; Laocoonte intentó salvarlos pero sufrió la misma suerte.22 La tradición de Virgilio muestra las serpientes como un castigo divino por haber intentado destruir el caballo. Los troyanos interpretaron el episodio como una muestra de que el caballo era un objeto sagrado y de que Sinón había dicho la verdad.26 Virgilio, en el libro II de la Eneida, relata así el ataque de las serpientes:
Ellas, con marcha firme, se lanzan hacia Laocoonte; primero se enroscan en los tiernos cuerpos de sus dos hijos, y rasgan a dentelladas sus miserables miembros; luego arrebatan al padre que, esgrimiendo un dardo, iba en auxilio de ellos, y lo sujetan con sus enormes anillos: ya ceñidas con dos vueltas alrededor de su cuerpo, y dos veces rodeado al cuello el escamoso lomo, todavía exceden por encima sus cabezas y sus erguidas cervices. Pugna con ambas manos Laocoonte por desatar aquellos nudos, mientras chorrea de sus vendas baba y negro veneno, y al propio tiempo eleva hasta los astros espantables clamores...
Virgilio, Eneida
Hay otra versión del mito que explica que se trató de un castigo de Apolo porque Laocoonte se había casado con Antiopa y engendrado hijos, consumando el hecho ante la estatua del dios, hecho que constituía un sacrilegio, ya que había realizado voto de celibato.262728 Príamo pensó que la muerte de Laocoonte se trataba de un castigo por haber intentado destruir el caballo, en lugar de por haber faltado al respeto de Apolo.26 Sin embargo, las diferentes versiones del mito llegan a contar que sólo murió uno de los hijos, o que el mismo Laocoonte llegó a salvarse. También discrepan respecto a si el episodio se produjo en el altar de Poseidón o de Apolo.26
Estudio de la obra[editar]
Detalle del rostro de Laocoonte, lleno de dramatismo.
La obra está enmarcada dentro de una composición de figura piramidal, y la mejor posición para su observación es la frontal; la obra representa las emociones humanas en su máxima expresión patética. Es, junto al gran altar de Zeus y Atenea de Pérgamo (180 a. C.-160 a. C.), un ejemplo de la escultura escenográfica helenística de un dramatismo más extremado.29 Desde el Renacimiento, este grupo es representativo del arte antiguo y de la corriente académica y barroca del arte helenístico.30
La expresión de culpabilidad y el gran dramatismo de Laocoonte, que hace contorsiones en dolorosa agonía, son estremecedores.31 Dentro del grupo, las dos serpientes monstruosas, que se enroscan para matar de acuerdo al castigo impuesto por los dioses, forman parte de la composición visual del grupo, y con sus líneas curvas consigue la unión entre todos los personajes, hecho que ayuda a mostrar la dinámica que se desprende del grupo. Hay una voluntad de exagerar el efecto teatral de la anatomía, más acentuado que el altar de Pérgamo, y se añade el dolor moral de Laocoonte al presenciar la muerte de sus dos hijos.2532
Autores como Johann Joachim Winckelmann, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe y Gotthold Ephraim Lessing realizaron ensayos sobre el grupo escultórico.
Winckelmann, en la primera edición de su Historia del arte en la antigüedad, de 1764, analiza, entre muchas otras obras, el grupo de Laocoonte, y señala que la figura del hijo más grande tuvo que ser ejecutada por separado.
Describe a Laocoonte como un espectáculo de la naturaleza humana sometida al mayor dolor de que es capaz de soportar. Este dolor hincha sus músculos y pone en tensión sus nervios, pero en su frente se ve la serenidad de su espíritu. Su pecho se eleva para tratar de contener el dolor y a través del vientre comprimido se puede ver el movimiento de sus vísceras. Sus hijos lo miran pidiéndole ayuda y él manifiesta su ternura paternal en su mirada tierna de unos ojos que se dirigen hacia el cielo implorando ayuda de los dioses. La abertura de su boca tiene un movimiento que expresa ataraxia e indignación por la idea de un castigo inmerecido.
Lessing, en su obra de crítica estética de 1766 Laocoonte o sobre los límites en la pintura y poesía, explica que "la escultura y la pintura se hacen con figuras y colores en el espacio" y "la poesía con sonidos articulados en el tiempo".33
Goethe escribió su artículo Sobre Laocoonte en 1798, donde pone de manifiesto que los artistas han despojado a Laocoonte de su sacerdocio y de sus referencias mitológicas y lo han convertido en un padre normal con dos hijos amenazados por dos animales. Destaca la sensación de movimiento que produce el grupo, que parece cambiar de posición si el espectador abre y cierra los ojos alternativamente.
También elogia el momento elegido por los artistas como de interés máximo: cuando uno de los cuerpos está tan aprisionado que se ha quedado indefenso, el segundo es herido y está en condiciones de defenderse y al tercero todavía le queda la esperanza de huir.
El padre está representado en una posición en la que reacciona en el mismo instante en que es mordido en la cadera por una de las serpientes: desplaza el cuerpo hacia el lado opuesto, contrae el vientre, hincha el pecho, echa el hombro hacia delante e inclina la cabeza hacia el lado herido. Los pies están inmovilizados y los brazos en posición de lucha, ofreciendo una gran resistencia que sin embargo no parece ser efectiva. Se trata de un hombre fuerte pero que por su edad no se halla en su plenitud de fuerzas y por tanto no es muy capaz de soportar el dolor.
El hijo de menor tamaño, totalmente aprisionado, hace esfuerzos sin éxito para tratar de liberarse y aliviar su mal. El hijo de mayor tamaño apenas está levemente aprisionado por un pie y se horroriza y grita ante los movimientos de su padre. Pero él todavía tiene la oportunidad de liberarse y huir.34
Influencia posterior[editar]
La obra ya tuvo gran influencia en la época de su descubrimiento debido a su grado de perfección. Los artistas del Renacimiento se vieron altamente influidos. Así, Miguel Ángel se inspiró en ella para realizar varias de sus obras, como algunas de las figuras del techo de la capilla Sixtina, particularmente la postura de Amán en la pareja Ester y Amán y La Serpiente de Bronce, dos de los esclavos realizados en la tumba de Julio II, y en los esbozos de La batalla de Cascina. Juan de Bolonia se inspiró en ella para su grupo escultórico El rapto de la Sabina (1581-1583). En El Parnaso, pintura de Rafael, también se advierte la similitud con la cabeza de Laocoonte en la figura que representa a Homero.35 Tiziano, Rubens, El Greco,36 William Blake y Max Ernst realizaron interpretaciones del grupo escultórico.
Vatican Museums
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Vatican Museums (Italian: Musei Vaticani; Latin: Musea Vaticana) are Christian and art museums located within the city boundaries of the Vatican City. They display works from the immense collection amassed by popes throughout the centuries including several of the most renowned Roman sculptures and most important masterpieces of Renaissance art in the world. The museums contain roughly 70,000 works, of which 20,000 are on display,[3] and currently employ 640 people who work in 40 different administrative, scholarly, and restoration departments.[4]
Pope Julius II founded the museums in the early 16th century.[5] The Sistine Chapel, with its ceiling decorated by Michelangelo and the Stanze di Raffaello decorated by Raphael, are on the visitor route through the Vatican Museums. In 2017, they were visited by 6 million people, which combined makes it the 4th most visited art museum in the world.[6][7]
There are 54 galleries, or sale, in total,[citation needed] with the Sistine Chapel, notably, being the very last sala within the Museum. It is one of the largest museums in the world.
In 2017, the Museum's official website and social media presence was completely redone, in accord with current standards and appearances for modern websites.[8]
History
The Vatican Museums trace their origin to one marble sculpture, purchased in the 16th century: Laocoön and His Sons was discovered on 14 January 1506, in a vineyard near the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. Pope Julius II sent Giuliano da Sangallo and Michelangelo Buonarroti, who were working at the Vatican, to examine the discovery. On their recommendation, the pope immediately purchased the sculpture from the vineyard owner. The pope put the sculpture, which depicts the Trojan priest Laocoön and his two sons being attacked by giant serpents, on public display at the Vatican exactly one month after its discovery.
Benedict XIV founded the Museum Christianum, and some of the Vatican collections formed the Lateran Museum, which Pius IX founded by decree in 1854.[9]
The Museums celebrated their 500th anniversary in October 2006 by permanently opening the excavations of a Vatican Hill necropolis to the public.[10]
On 1 January 2017, Barbara Jatta became the Director of the Vatican Museums, replacing Antonio Paolucci who had been director since 2007.
Pinacoteca Vaticana
The art gallery was housed in the Borgia Apartment until Pope Pius XI ordered construction of a proper building. The new building, designed by Luca Beltrami, was inaugurated on 27 October 1932.[13] The museum has paintings including:
•Giotto's Stefaneschi Triptych
•Olivuccio di Ciccarello, Opere di Misericordia
•Raphael's Madonna of Foligno, Oddi Altarpiece and Transfiguration
•Leonardo da Vinci's St. Jerome in the Wilderness
•Caravaggio's Entombment
•Perugino's Madonna and Child with Saints and San Francesco al Prato Resurrection
•Filippo Lippi's Marsuppini Coronation
•Jan Matejko's Sobieski at Vienna
Collection of Modern Religious Art
The Collection of Modern Religious Art was added in 1973 and houses paintings and sculptures from artists like Carlo Carrà, Giorgio de Chirico, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Marc Chagall, Paul Klee, Salvador Dalí, and Pablo Picasso.[14]
Sculpture museums
The group of museums includes several sculpture museums surrounding the Cortile del Belvedere. These are the Gregoriano Profano Museum, with classical sculpture, and others as below:
Museo Pio-Clementino
A Roman naval bireme depicted in a relief from the Temple of Fortuna Primigenia in Praeneste (Palestrina),[15] constructed c. 120 BC;[16] exhibited in the Pius-Clementine Museum (Museo Pio-Clementino) of the Vatican.
The museum takes its name from two popes; Clement XIV, who established the museum, and Pius VI, the pope who brought the museum to completion. Clement XIV came up with the idea of creating a new museum in Innocent VIII's Belvedere Palace and started the refurbishment work.[17]
Pope Clement XIV founded the Pio-Clementino museum in 1771, and originally it contained the Renaissance and antique works. The museum and collection were enlarged by Clement's successor Pius VI. Today, the museum houses works of Greek and Roman sculpture. Some notable galleries are:
•Greek Cross Gallery: (Sala a Croce Greca): with the porphyri sarcophagi of Constance and Saint Helen, daughter and mother of Constantine the Great.
•Sala Rotonda: shaped like a miniature Pantheon, the room has impressive ancient mosaics on the floors, and ancient statues lining the perimeter, including a gilded bronze statue of Hercules.
•Gallery of the Statues (Galleria delle Statue): as its name implies, holds various important statues, including Sleeping Ariadne and the bust of Menander. It also contains the Barberini Candelabra.
•Gallery of the Busts (Galleria dei Busti): Many ancient busts are displayed.
•Cabinet of the Masks (Gabinetto delle Maschere): The name comes from the mosaic on the floor of the gallery, found in Villa Adriana, which shows ancient theater masks. Statues are displayed along the walls, including the Three Graces.
•Sala delle Muse: Houses the statue group of Apollo and the nine muses, uncovered in a Roman villa near Tivoli in 1774, as well as statues by important ancient Greek or Roman sculptors. The centerpiece is the Belvedere Torso, revered by Michelangelo and other Renaissance men.[18]
•Sala degli Animali: So named because of the many ancient statues of animals.
Museo Chiaramonti
This museum was founded in the early 19th century by Pope Pius VII, whose surname before his election as pope was Chiaramonti. The museum consists of a large arched gallery in which are exhibited several statues, sarcophagi and friezes. The New Wing, Braccio Nuovo, built by Raffaele Stern, houses statues including the Augustus of Prima Porta, the Doryphoros, and The River Nile. The Galeria Lapidaria forms part of the Museo Chiaramonti, and contains over 3,000 stone tablets and inscriptions. It is accessible only with special permission, usually for the purpose of academic study.
Museo Gregoriano Etrusco[edit]
Founded by Pope Gregory XVI in 1836, this museum has eight galleries and houses important Etruscan pieces, coming from archaeological excavations.[19] The pieces include: vases, sarcophagus, bronzes and the Guglielmi Collection.
Museo Gregoriano Egiziano
This museum houses a large collection of artifacts from Ancient Egypt.[20] Such material includes papyruses, the Grassi Collection, animal mummies, and reproductions of the Book of the Dead.[21]
History
The Museo Gregoriano Egiziano was inaugurated on 2 February 1839 to commemorate the anniversary of Gregory XVI's accession to the papacy. The creation of the Museo Gregoriano Egiziano was particularly close to the pope's heart as he believed the understanding of ancient Egyptian civilisation was vital in terms of its scientific importance as well as its value in understanding the Old Testament. This feeling was expressed in a paper by the museum's first curator, the physiologist and Barnabite, Father Luigi Maria Ungarelli.[17]
Vatican Historical Museum
The Vatican Historical Museum (Italian: Museo storico vaticano) was founded in 1973 at the behest of Pope Paul VI,[22] and was initially hosted in environments under the Square Garden. In 1987, it moved to the main floor of the Apostolic Palace of the Lateran where it opened in March 1991.
The Vatican Historical Museum has a unique collection of portraits of the Popes from the 16th century to date, the memorable items of the Papal Military Corps of the 16–17th centuries and old religious paraphernalia related to rituals of the papacy. Also on display on the lower floor are the papamobili (Popemobiles); carriages and motorcars of Popes and Cardinals, including the first cars used by Popes.[23]
Nov 13, 2019 -- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Plum Island Animal Disease Center where African Swine Fever (ASF) research is conducted by lead scientist Dr. Manuel Borca, and Senior Scientist Dr. Douglas Gladue, are patent holders of four promising platforms for live-attenuated African swine fever vaccines. They are working hard to find solutions to contain ASF and prevent its spread if it ever came to the USA, including understanding disease transmission, determinants of virulence and preventive vaccines. The scientists along with their research leader Dr. Luis Rodriguez, work at the Plum Island animal disease center, near Orient Point, NY, a high-security laboratory located off the coast of Long Island in NY operated by the Department of Homeland Security where high-consequence pathogens, not present in the US are studied. Dr. Borca and Dr. Gladue have studied the ASF virus and discovered several viral genes that are necessary for the virus to cause disease. Using advanced genetic engineering to remove these genes from the virus they have created viruses that when inoculated in animals do not cause disease but instead induce protection. Four of these viruses are excellent vaccine candidates that protect 100% of vaccinated animals with a single vaccine shot. Three of these vaccine candidates have been licensed from ARS to vaccine manufacturers for further development, and a fourth platform is currently undergoing licensing. The hope is that at least one of the vaccine candidates will be fully developed and ready to be used as part of a strategy to prevent and controls this devastating disease.
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a devastating and deadly animal disease that is currently decimating the world’s population of pigs and threatening food security for billions of people worldwide. As its name indicates African swine fever originated in Africa but has affected other regions of the world over the years, including the Iberic peninsula and several countries in the Caribbean, where after decades of work and millions of animals destroyed, the disease was eradicated. Now the disease has escaped Africa again starting in 2007 with an outbreak in the Republic of Georgia that extended to the Caucasus region, parts of Europe, Russia and more recently to China and several countries in South East Asia. There is no vaccine available for ASF and disease outbreaks are currently controlled by on-farm biosecurity measures, animal quarantine, and slaughter.
The USDA Plum Island Animal Disease Center, work to protect against foreign agricultural diseases that could impact the nation's farm economy and export markets... and your food supply. In Addition to ASFV, Plum Island studies foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Plum Island is located off the northeastern tip of New York's Long Island. USDA activities at Plum Island are carried out by scientists and veterinarians with the department's Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). We're equally proud of our safety record. Not once in our nearly 50 years of operation has an animal pathogen escaped from the island. In 2003 the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) joined us on the island, taking responsibility for the safety and security of the facility. Staff commute to work on one of two contract ferries from NY and CT.
For more information please see:
ars.usda.gov/research/programs-projects/project/?accnNo=431897
usda.gov
USDA Photo by Lance Cheung.
A quote of Albert Einstein declaring that he did not use his rational mind to discover the Laws of the Universe he published.
Women and children from Mugeyo, a small village north east of Kigali, in Gasabo district take part in a survey aimed at understanding the links between agriculture and nutrition and determine the specific causes of stunting in children under two.
In Rwanda, agricultural production and GDP have increased yet 43 per cent of children under five suffer chronic malnutrition, and stunting in some areas is as high as 60 per cent. www.ciatnews.cgiar.org/?p=7981
Credit: ©2014CIAT/StephanieMalyon
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My understanding is that this is the only temple not to have been named after any Greek god. Rather, the name is said to reflect how well people in the area got on with each other. I also understand that the Temple of Concordia is the best preserved temple outside Greece.
Women and children from Mugeyo, a small village north east of Kigali, in Gasabo district take part in a survey aimed at understanding the links between agriculture and nutrition and determine the specific causes of stunting in children under two.
In Rwanda, agricultural production and GDP have increased yet 43 per cent of children under five suffer chronic malnutrition, and stunting in some areas is as high as 60 per cent. www.ciatnews.cgiar.org/?p=7981
Credit: ©2014CIAT/StefanieNeno
Please credit accordingly and leave a comment when you use a CIAT photo.
For more info: ciat-comunicaciones@cgiar.org
Two years ago my life struck the wall. I ‘d been wed for 19 years, my son will graduate and my work as a yoga instructor and artist was expanding worldwide. I liked residing in one of one of the most alternative areas in Australia and imagined that my empty nest year would be loaded […]
Japan
source/credit: Belinda Luksic
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copyright released and/or royalty free.
Project DOS of Foundation University.
The exhibit is the Department of Architecture and Fine Arts’ way to showcase all the obra maestra of the students. The artworks were the product of the students’ learnings and the application of their understanding of the essentials of exhibition, curatorship, and artist-gallery relationship.
This shows how the students of the Fine Arts Program give relevance to the basic structure of the art market and their relationship to the community.
Antenna's on NASA's Parker Solar Probe are deployed for testing at the Astrotech processing facility in Titusville, Florida, near NASA's Kennedy Space Center on Thursday, April 19, 2018. The Parker Solar Probe will launch on a United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy rocket from Space Launch Complex 37 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida no earlier than Aug. 4, 2018. The mission will perform the closest-ever observations of a star when it travels through the Sun's atmosphere, called the corona. The probe will rely on measurements and imaging to revolutionize our understanding of the corona and the Sun-Earth connection.
Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett
Not only have I learned to accept the Darkness....I have learned to control some of its creatures!
I love the darkness...move over Ktn-Dragon....You have a Dawggie neighbor...with minions!
Believe nothing (but understand as much as you can)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=1S8AKHhNehU
Jack Namaste: www.facebook.com/Jacknamaste