View allAll Photos Tagged Turning
I had the opportunity to walk around Queen Elizabeth Park in Vancouver yesterday. I shot in manual, first establishing how dark I wanted the background. I then used a radio triggered speedlight in my left hand while I spun the camera with my right hand at a slow shutter speed. I felt a circular format suited the image.
The only glass involved here was the glass of my camera lens.
Thoughtful feedback, constructive criticisms, and suggestions are always appreciated. As always, I have used tools at my disposal to interpret the original raw file. Use of this photo without permission is not permitted. Contact me if you would like to use it.
Stopped for a late lunch. We're turning North, now, soon to leave Arkansas
and into Missouri and then Illinois.
West Memphis, AR
678.6 miles
Two elk grooming/cleaning themselves in some water while the rest of the heard relaxes in the grass behind. Taken near Lake Minnewanka in Banff National Park.
turning ...acrylic and ink painted on old drawer....35x30 cm ....500.00 cnd dollars
x-mas sale ...worldwide shipping included in price.... if interested email: troy.lovegates@gmail.com .... thanks
LNER A1 Pacific Class 4-6-2 no 60163 Tornado in York Station.
I was quite happy with this result since, like Tornado, my glasses had steamed up (again). Somehow I managed to focus it and centre the Pacific between the post and the signal.
Various buildings of the National Railway Museum are in the background.
Seeing the loco wasn't planned, we just happened to notice that it was in steam at the back of the National Railway Museum when I was in the station earlier. So I waited and eventually with a whistle it made it's way onto the mainline and through the station. I understand this was in order to turn the loco in advance of a private charter the following day.
No sunflowers were damaged in the effort to photograph them.... I promise! I saw an interview on the news with a sunflower farmer who owns a very popular field. I was not at that one. He said that people come in the field to photograph and take selfies and trample the stalks. Some actually cut off the heads to take with them! Seriously Folks? I was there about mid day, and noticed that all the heads were facing east. I looked it up when I got home and found out that young sunflower plants track the sun during the day, but the mature heads face only east. Learn something new every day!
6102-6101 turn off of Lake St. onto Wells at Tower 18 as they head north to Kimball on the Ravenswood in the summer of 1981.
Walk through the wood to the turf fields and then back via the cuckoo trail liked the leaf colours and light so concentrated on them this morning
These two leaves were the last left on the branch dancing in the light and breeze upped the iso to freeze the action.
Large, 45 mm high, long-dead, eroded specimen with imbricate (flounced) growth lines surviving in grooves between spiral cords; magnified X4 in inset.
Cast up from offshore onto storm beach strandline, Kirkcudbright, S.W. Scotland, July 1968.
Full SPECIES DESCRIPTION BELOW
PDF avaialable at www.researchgate.net/publication/369537725_Ocenebra_erina...
Sets of OTHER SPECIES at: www.flickr.com/photos/56388191@N08/collections/
Ocenebra erinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758).
Synonyms: Murex erinaceus Linnaeus, 1758; Ocenebra erinacea [misspelling in Graham, 1988]; 45 unaccepted subspecies and varieties listed on WoRMS.
Current taxonomy: World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)
www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140405
Vernacular: European sting winkle, European oyster drill (English); Gwichiad coliog (Welsh); Stekelhoren, Geschubde stekelhoren (Dutch); Großes Seekälbchen, Gerippte Purpurschnecke, Gerippte Felsschnecke, Austernbohrer (German); Cormaillot (French); Ψευτόστρομπος (Greek).
GLOSSARY below.
Shell description.
The matt, opaque, solid shell grows sublittorally to 50 mm high and 25 mm wide (Fretter & Graham, 1985) fig. 01 flic.kr/p/2op3qCC, but most intertidal specimens are less than 30 mm high fig. 02 flic.kr/p/2op6v13 . The body-whorl is about 75% of the shell’s height. Those in the Mediterranean are larger (Jeffreys, 1867), occasionally up to 65 mm high (Pers. comm. Jakov Prkić, 18 March 2023), are generally more colourful and ornate fig. 03 flic.kr/p/2op3Kef & fig. 04 flic.kr/p/2op6tN8 and there are some differences in body features. The differences may be geographical variation, but it would be helpful if differing specimens could be molecularly sequenced.
Each of the tumid whorls has an angled shoulder and eight or nine widely spaced, strong costal ribs which are crossed by two major, rounded spiral cords on the spire whorls and by eight or nine on the body-whorl fig. 05 flic.kr/p/2op6th8 ; minor cords are also present. There are low knobs where the cords and costal ribs intersect. Numerous flounced growth lines cross the spiral cords and grooves and give the whole shell an imbricate appearance fig. 06 flic.kr/p/2op6t35 & fig. 07 flic.kr/p/2op8Aq1 unless eroded, when they survive longest in the grooves fig. 01 flic.kr/p/2op3qCC . On adults the most recently formed costal rib acts as a labial varix which thickens the palatal lip of the aperture fig. 05 flic.kr/p/2op6th8 unless there has been recent new growth fig. 06 flic.kr/p/2op6t35 . The sutures between the whorls are deep and sinuous. The sculpture becomes more pronounced with age. The shell exterior is yellowish white fig. 05 flic.kr/p/2op6th8 with varying amounts of brown which may create bands associated with the spiral cords or costal ribs fig. 08 flic.kr/p/2op6sCH . The protoconch, lacking obvious sculpture, has about two and a half tumid, smooth whorls about 1 mm in diameter fig. 02 flic.kr/p/2op6v13 which, when not eroded, form a sharp apical point.
The height of the aperture is about 60% of the shell height fig. 02 flic.kr/p/2op6v13 . It is approximately ‘P’ shaped with the nearly straight inner lip (parietal and columellar) and long siphonal canal forming the upright, and the palatal lip forming the curve. On young shells the canal is open fig. 02 flic.kr/p/2op6v13 . Later the columellar lip expands over the canal to roof it fig. 08 flic.kr/p/2op6sCH to a greater or lesser degree. All lips are pure white and the parietal lip tends to spread onto the adjacent body-whorl. The palatal lip may consist of the labial varix or a thin, finely folded lip projecting a minimal fig. 05 flic.kr/p/2op6th8 or moderate fig. 06 flic.kr/p/2op6t35 distance beyond the varix, depending on recent growth and erosion. It meets the parietal lip at about 90°. On mature shells, the palatal lip often has interior protrusions which correlate with the spiral grooves of the exterior fig. 09 flic.kr/p/2op8Yue . The interior of the aperture is smooth and glossy white.
The operculum fig. 10 flic.kr/p/2op7LKL has a fairly straight columellar-parietal edge. Its palatal edge is curved except for a straight basal section which, with the columellar-parietal edge, forms a wedge which fits into the siphonal canal. Centrally, it is dark reddish brown, but a wide peripheral zone is translucent yellowish fig. 11 flic.kr/p/2op6rLh .The outer face, made of conchiolin produced by the opercular groove, has a marginal nucleus with many fine, surrounding, concentric growth lines. The inner face has a non-marginal, excentric nucleus surrounded by broad, concentric, bands of adventitious conchiolin produced by a ring of gland cells in the opercular disc fig. 10 flic.kr/p/2op7LKL . Both interior bands and exterior growth lines are visible through the translucent operculum when viewed against a backlit white background; the patterns cross each other fig. 11 flic.kr/p/2op6rLh . The inner face has an area of rougher texture where the columellar muscle attaches to it. The edge of the attachment area is visible as a curved line unaligned with either growth lines or adventitious bands. Apart from the rough muscle-attachment, the inner face of operculum has a shiny varnished surface fig. 10 flic.kr/p/2op7LKL . The operculum is flexible so it can fit the aperture tightly behind the interior protrusions, if any, of the palatal lip fig. 09 flic.kr/p/2op8Yue or bend round the body fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2op8XAa .
Body description
The flesh is translucent white or yellowish white with many opaque white blotches, and yellow, sometimes saffron (Jeffreys, 1867), distally on the cephalic tentacles fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2op8XAa & fig. 13 flic.kr/p/2op8XsQ , but the yellow may not be developed on small juveniles fig. 07 flic.kr/p/2op8Aq1 and juveniles less than 5 mm high in the Adriatic may have grey and black bodies fig. 37 flic.kr/p/2opNWxW . Dark viscera are visible in parts of the body rarely extended into view fig. 14 flic.kr/p/2op7KP7 .
The small dorsoventrally flattened head consists of two diverging cephalic tentacles with thick bases tapering about two thirds of their length to an eye fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2op8XAa & fig. 14 flic.kr/p/2op7KP7 beyond which they are slender. Ventrally there is an opening slit (rhynchostome) fig. 15 flic.kr/p/2op8WGX for eversion of the pleurembolic feeding proboscis which can extend greatly; there is no permanently external snout. The radula, buccal mass and true mouth are in the distal end of the proboscis fig. 14 flic.kr/p/2op7KP7 when extended. The short rachiglossan radula has in each row of three colourless, transparent teeth a wide, central, rachidian tooth with many small cusps (points) flanked on either side by a longer marginal tooth. The cusps on the anterior rows are usually worn down by boring into the shells of prey.
The translucent yellowish white mantle roofs the mantle cavity fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2op8XAa and a folded portion fig. 14 flic.kr/p/2op7KP7 extends as a respiratory siphon through, but rarely beyond, the siphonal canal of the shell fig. 17 flic.kr/p/2op6qtC . The mantle covers the body but is translucent enough to reveal the organs when the animal is removed from the shell fig. 22 flic.kr/p/2op8VfZ . The edge of the mantle is thickened, more yellowish and less translucent fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2op8XAa .
The short, broad foot is about 33% the length of the shell fig. 18 flic.kr/p/2op6qhA . When fully spread it is widest at the anterior fig. 19 flic.kr/p/2op7JJm but it can vary to circular fig. 20 flic.kr/p/2op3Ek2 . There are no distinct propodial tentacles, but the agile foot can fold readily and bring the sides and flexible front corners together fig. 17 flic.kr/p/2op6qtC to manipulate prey or, in the case of females, manoeuvre egg capsules. The opening to the inverted accessory boring organ is on the medial fold line of the sole a short distance from the anterior. It is difficult to detect except when the sucker-like boring organ is everted to hold and to soften the shell of the prey for boring by the radula. A little further posterior than the boring gland on females there is an opening to the ventral pedal gland into which the foot inserts each newly laid egg capsule for final shaping and subsequent fixing to the substrate.
Dorsally the foot is coloured as the body but the yellowish white sole lacks opaque white marks except where those on the dorsum show through the thin periphery fig. 20 flic.kr/p/2op3Ek2
Behind the right tentacle, males have a large, white penis fig. 21 flic.kr/p/2op6pqL .
Removal of the shell fig. 22 flic.kr/p/2op8VfZ & fig. 23 flic.kr/p/2op8wre will show a large, yellowish, pinnate ctenidium and a smaller, pinnate, red-brown osphradium resembling a ctenidium in structure. The following organs may be visible through the translucent mantle: the greenish hypobranchial gland, rectum, black rectal gland, heart, kidney and the visceral lump containing the digestive gland and, in the breeding season, the ovary or testes.
Key identification features
Ocenebra erinaceus
1. Maximum height 50 mm, width 25 mm (W/H 50%) fig. 01https://flic.kr/p/2op3qCC . Littoral specimens usually to 30 mm high.
2. 8 to 9 costal ribs. Numerous imbricate growth lines fig. 06 flic.kr/p/2op6t35 .
3. Most recently formed costal rib forms a labial varix on or near palatal lip fig. 05 flic.kr/p/2op6th8 .
4. Two major spiral cords on the spire whorls and 8 to 9 on the body-whorl fig. 05 flic.kr/p/2op6th8 . Minor cords are also present.
5. Shell yellowish white with pure white aperture lips and siphonal canal. Open fig. 02 flic.kr/p/2op6v13 or closed fig. 08 flic.kr/p/2op6sCH siphonal canal often slightly longer than the aperture above it.
6. Cephalic tentacles translucent white with opaque white marks and yellow distally fig. 12 flic.kr/p/2op8XAa , but small juveniles may lack the yellow fig. 13 flic.kr/p/2op8XsQ .
7. Egg capsules 6 to 13 mm high. Shaped like a hot water bottle with sloping shoulders. Sometimes have a raised rib giving triangular cross section. Narrow aperture on a short neck has a small protruding plug. Whitish turning to yellow or purple with age fig. 24 flic.kr/p/2op6oKN .
8. Norway to Morocco and Mediterranean. Lives on rocky substrate all round Britain except east Scotland. Lower shore and sublittoral. Does not live in the Baltic or on continental coasts of the North Sea; multiple records of it at
waarneming.nl/species/20959/maps/?start_date=2000-08-29&a...
are fossils in sand dumped to replenish Dutch beaches (Han Raven, pers. comm. 14 March 2023).
Similar species
Shells have intraspecific variations with interspecific overlap, and features may be eroded or indiscernible on images, so use of more than one feature is advisable for reliable identification.
Ocinebrellus inornatus (Récluz, 1851)
O. inornatus “is very similar to Ocenebra erinaceus and is very difficult to distinguish due to the morphological variability of both” (Trigo et al. 2018). First arrivals of this invasive species are frequently mistaken for O. erinaceus. Large unworn adult shells of O. inornatus show the most distinct sculptural features. The form of egg capsules and colour of tentacle tips are diagnostic in north-west Europe.
1. Maximum height 63 mm (fig. 27 flic.kr/p/2op7GK1 ).
2. Usually 8 to 9, occasionally 4 to 12 costal ribs (Amano & Vermeij 1998 in Goud et al. 2008) on body-whorl. They are more prominent and angulated at the shoulder giving a more pronounced turreted effect than on Ocenebra erinaceus fig. 25 flic.kr/p/2op8vQj . No imbricate growth lines are visible in images of O. inornatus available for this account fig. 26 flic.kr/p/2op7GSA .
3. On large mature specimens the ribs on the body-whorl may be blade-like with the final one flaring out widely from the lip, level with the substrate fig. 27 flic.kr/p/2op7GK1 . But the more frequent smaller specimens have costal ribs and a labial varix like those on O. erinaceus fig. 25 flic.kr/p/2op8vQj .
4. 4 to 7 spiral cords on the body-whorl (Lützen et al, 2011).
5. Shell white with varying amounts and shades of brown. Aperture lips and siphonal canal white are sometimes whitish and brownish in parts. Siphonal canal is often slightly shorter than aperture above it.
6.Cephalic tentacles distally pure white without any yellow beyond the eye fig. 26 flic.kr/p/2op7GSA & fig. 28 flic.kr/p/2op3CD1 but some may be white faintly tinted brownish or pinkish proximally below the eye fig. 29 flic.kr/p/2op7Grf .
7. Egg capsules 15 to 20 mm high. Shaped like a kite with rounded lateral corners and a face strongly flexed so its two wings bend towards each other. Its tall neck tapers to a narrow aperture. Initially whitish turning yellow with age fig. 24 flic.kr/p/2op6oKN .
8. China, Korea, Japan and Sakhalin Island. Preys on Magallana gigas and has been accidentally translocated with commercial shipments of M. gigas to Pacific coasts of North America and to Europe from Iberia to Denmark. Locally common and a pest on oyster beds Not yet recorded in Britain (pers. comm. S. Taylor, Marine Recorder of Conchological Soc. G.B. & Ireland,15 March 2023) but because of difficulty in differentiating it from Ocenebra erinaceus it might be present unrecognised.
Ocinebrina aciculata (Lamarck, 1822)
1. Usual maximum height 15 mm and width 10 mm.
2. Eight to ten broad costal ribs on body-whorl. Slightly imbricate growth lines raised at irregular intervals, but not as prominently as on Ocenebra erinaceus.
3. Thin, crenulate palatal (outer) lip has no labial varix fig. 30 flic.kr/p/2op8TJc .
4. 18 to 20 spiral ridges on the body-whorl.
5. Shell dark brown fig. 30 flic.kr/p/2op8TJc , may show red of body within when well lit in water fig. 31https://flic.kr/p/2op7G27 . Dead worn shells are paler. Sigmoid, pearlescent white, parietal-columellar (inner) lip fig. 30 flic.kr/p/2op8TJc does not extend onto body-whorl. Siphonal canal open and orange-buff, when young, closed when older.
6. Cephalic tentacles and whole body intense red flecked with yellowish white spots fig. 31 flic.kr/p/2op7G27 . Tips of tentacles and siphon paler.
7. Egg capsules barrel shaped (Wigham & Graham, 2018).
8. Found often in proximity of Perforatus perforatus (Cirripedia) from the Mediterranean to Bretagne, Scilly Isles and south-west England.
Urosalpinx cinerea (Say, 1822). fig. 32 flic.kr/p/2op6ngR
1. Maximum height 40 mm, width 20 mm.
2. 10 to 12 low, sometimes inconspicuous, costal ribs on final whorl.
3. Thin, crenulate palatal (outer) lip thickens and develops internal ribs with age. No labial varix.
4. 16 to 18 spiral ridges on the body-whorl, eroded where they cross the costae, so no protruding nodules. Sometimes spiral ridges more prominent than costae.
5. Shell yellowish or grey with brownish white aperture lips and siphonal canal. Open siphonal canal half the length of the aperture above it.
6. Flesh is cream with dark marks on tentacles and mantle edge.
7. Egg capsules about 5 mm high. Flattened oval attached to substrate with a thin stem. Wide, slightly everted aperture has recessed plug. Buff or yellowish fig. 24 flic.kr/p/2op6oKN
8. Nova Scotia to Florida. Introduced from America with commercial Magallana gigas to south-east England and the Netherlands. Lower shore and sublittoral to 15 m.
Nucella lapillus (Linnaeus, 1758)
1. Usual maximum height 45 mm, to 65 mm sublittorally.
2. No costal ribs. Numerous imbricate growth lines on small juveniles occasionally persist on adults fig. 33 flic.kr/p/2op8SiB .
3. No labial varix. Lip thin when young, thickened when full grown.
4. Shell often worn smooth fig. 34 flic.kr/p/2op3AEX but some have about 2 spiral bands on the spire whorls and about 10 on the body-whorl fig. 35 flic.kr/p/2op6kjQ .
5. Shell usually whitish; sometimes yellowish, and bands of various colours may occur fig. 34 flic.kr/p/2op3AEX . Aperture lips and siphonal canal usually white but can have patches of other colour.
6. Body and cephalic tentacles pure white fig. 34 flic.kr/p/2op3AEX .
7. Egg capsules are spindle shaped, up to 10 mm high and 4 mm wide, on a short thin stalk. Yellowish white becoming yellow or sometimes purple or brownish with age fig. 24 flic.kr/p/2op6oKN .
8. White Sea to Gibraltar, not Baltic (low salinity), and Greenland to New York. Common on hard substrate all around Ireland and Britain, avoiding low salinity of inner estuaries.
Habits and ecology
O. erinaceus lives on rocky shores at LWST and sublittorally to 150 m on stony substrate.
It feeds on bivalves, barnacles and tube dwelling worms, boring holes through their shells to rasp out the flesh with its radula. It takes about ten days to bore into and consume an oyster with its everted proboscis fig. 16 flic.kr/p/2op8y3A .
The strong shell affords protection against predators. When active, little of the animal protrudes beyond its shelter fig. 18 flic.kr/p/2op6qhA and the operculum protects nearly half of the foot. In Croatia those in shallow water are often covered with algae which conceal them fig. 36 flic.kr/p/2op3zyP . When sealed, the long siphonal canal protects the siphon so it can remain safely extended for respiration when the animal is retracted into the shell fig. 09 flic.kr/p/2op8Yue .
Inhalant water entering through the respiratory siphon has its quality checked by the pectinate osphradium at the inner end of the siphon before passing through the larger pectinate ctenidium fig. 22 flic.kr/p/2op8VfZ & fig. 23 flic.kr/p/2op8wre .
O. erinaceus breeds in late April and May in Britain. The male fertilizes the female internally with its long penis. Egg capsules from the oviduct are manoeuvred one at a time by the female’s flexible foot into the ventral pedal gland where they are moulded before being fixed to rock or shells. Several capsules are laid close together, and females often lay in company. The egg capsules are 6 to 13 mm high, and are shaped like a hot water bottle with sloping shoulders. Sometimes a raised rib creates a triangular cross section. The narrow aperture is on a short neck and has a protruding plug. The capsules are initially whitish turning to yellow or purple with age fig. 24 flic.kr/p/2op6oKN . After nine or ten weeks, most of the young emerge from the capsule as crawling juveniles, but about 14% emerge as late veliger, swimming larvae with a well developed four-lobed velum and a foot. They lose the velum within five days (Wigham & Graham, 2018).
Like Nucella lapillus, females in the vicinity of boats treated with Tributyltin (TBT), an anti-fouling biocide, experience imposex, the malformation of the oviduct causing sterility. Near Plymouth and Falmouth docks, England, about 90% of female O. erinaceus were so affected in studies from 1991 to 1995 (Gibbs, 1996). Even so, the reproductive failure was less than that experienced by N. lapillus perhaps because of arrival of swimming late veligers, which N. lapillus lacks, from less affected areas.
Distribution and status
O. erinaceus occurs from the Azores and the Mediterranean to its winter-cold induced limits in northern France and south-east Scotland. It does not live in the Baltic or on continental coasts of the North Sea; multiple records of it at
waarneming.nl/species/20959/maps/?start_date=2000-08-29&a...
are fossils in sand dumped to replenish Dutch beaches (Han Raven, pers. comm. 14 March 2023) and probably some misidentified Ocinebrellus inornatus. These misleading records have transferred to GBIF at www.gbif.org/species/4364689 . Because of the mild Atlantic drift in winter, it extends up the west coast of Ireland and Britain to Orkney and Shetland. The U.K. distribution map at species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0021055838 probably shows the true position (accessed March 2023), but there, too, fossils are present in pleistocene glacial drift (Forbes & Hanley, 1853) from which they may be washed out onto beaches.
In the past, the limits have shifted. During the exceptionally severe winters 1928 - 1929 and 1962 - 1963, the population along the British North Sea coast was almost annihilated (Lützen et al., 2011). With global warming it is possible that it may spread north of its current limits, but recording of any change should be based on live specimens as the solid shells persist for long periods after death.
Acknowledgements
For use of images I thank Philippe Boissel, Pierre Corbrion, Valentin Engelbos, Marion Haarsma, Gabriel Paladino Ibáñez, Kaila Wheatley Kornblum, Michal Maňas, Alen Petani, Jakov Prkić, Malcolm Storey, Simon Taylor, Freek Titselaar, Albert van den Bruele, Daniëlla van Dijk and Stefan Verheyen. For helpful discussion and information I thank Han Raven and Stefan Verheyen.
Links and references
Forbes, E. & Hanley S. 1849-53. A history of the British mollusca and their shells. vol. 3 (1853), London, van Voorst. (As Murex erinaceus)
archive.org/details/historyofbritish03forbe/page/370/mode...
Fretter, V. 1941 The genital ducts of some British stenoglossan prosobranchs J. Mar. Biol. Ass. 25(1): 173-211.
plymsea.ac.uk/id/eprint/1194/1/The_genital_ducts_of_some_...
Fretter, V. and Graham, A. 1962. British prosobranch molluscs: their functional anatomy and ecology. London, Ray Society.
Fretter, V. and Graham, A. 1985. The prosobranch molluscs of Britain and Denmark. Part 8 – Neogastropoda. Suppl. 15, J. Moll. Stud.
Gibbs, P.E. 1996. Oviduct malformation as a sterilising effect of tributyltin (TBT)-induced imposex in Ocenebra erinacea (Gastropoda: Muricidae). J. Moll. Stud., 62 (4): 403 to 413. academic.oup.com/mollus/article/62/4/403/1053911 (open access).
Goud, J., Titselaar, F. & Mulder, G. 2008. Weer een ‘verstekeling’: de Japanse Stekelhoren Ocinebrellus inornatus (Récluz, 1851) (Gastropoda, Muricidae) levend aangetroffen in de Oosterschelde. Spirula 365: 132 to 134. natuurtijdschriften.nl/pub/1002492
Graham, A. 1988. Molluscs: prosobranch and pyramidellid gastropods. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) no.2 (Second edition). Leiden, E.J.Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys. 662 pages.
Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds.) 1995. Handbook of the marine fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press.
Jeffreys, J.G. 1862-69. British conchology. vol. 4 (1867). London, van Voorst. (As Murex erinaceus) archive.org/details/britishconcholog04jeffr/page/306/mode...
Lützen J., Faasse, M., Gittenberger, A., Glenner, H. and Hoffmann, E. 2011. The Japanese oyster drill Ocinebrellus inornatus (Récluz, 1851) (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Muricidae), introduced to the Limfjord, Denmark. Aquatic Invasions 7(2): 181–191.
www.aquaticinvasions.net/2012/AI_2012_2_Lutzen_etal.pdf
McKay, D.W. & Smith, S.M. 1979. Marine Mollusca of East Scotland. Edinburgh, Royal Scottish Museum.
Oehlmann, J., Fioroni, P., Stroben, E. and Markert, B. 1996. Tributyltin (TBT) effects on Ocinebrina aciculata (Gastropoda: Muricidae): imposex development, sterilization, sex change and population decline. Sci. Total Environ. 188: 205-223
www.bio.uni-frankfurt.de/55030905/Oehlmann-et-al-1996-STO...
Trigo, J.E.; Diaz Agras, G.J.; Garcia Alvarez, O.L.; Guerra, A.; Moreira, J.; Pérez, J.; Rolán, E.; Troncoso, J.S,; Urgorri, V.. 2018. Guia de los Moluscos Marinos de Galicia. Servicio de Publicacións da Universidade de Vigo.
Wigham, G.D. & Graham, A. 2018. Marine gastropods 3: Neogastropoda. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) no.62. (206 pages). Field Studies Council,Telford, England.
Glossary
acrembolic = (of proboscis) entirely invertible/eversible like finger of glove.
adventitious = in an unusual anatomical position.
aperture = mouth of gastropod shell; outlet for head and foot.
buccal mass = anterior of digestive system including a radula, odontophore and muscles.
cephalic = (adj.) of or on the head.
cf. = (abbreviation of Latin ‘confer’) compare with.
cilia = (pl.) vibrating linear extensions of membrane used in locomotion.
coll. = (or “in coll.”, abbreviation of “in collectionem”) in the collection of (cf. leg.).
columella = axis of gastropod shell spiral, exposed on final whorl by aperture.
columellar = (adj.) of or near central axis of spiral gastropod.
columellar lip = lower (abapical) part of inner lip of aperture.
conchiolin = horny flexible protein which forms the operculum of most marine gastropods, the periostracum and a matrix for the deposition of calcium carbonate to create a mollusc’s shell. Chemical structure C30H48O11N3; ‘chitinous’ as it resembles, though not identical to, chitin (C8H13O5N)n.
costa = (pl. costae) axial rib crossing shell whorl at about right-angles to any spiral striae.
costal = (adj.) of, or arranged like, costae.
ctenidium = comb-like molluscan gill with filaments either side of a rachis .
cusp = raised point or prominence on crown of a tooth.
digestive gland = organ which acts like the liver and pancreas in mammals to absorb food.
distal = away from centre of body or from point of attachment.
dorsoventrally flattened = as if pressed flat from above.
efferent = (adj. of vessel) carrying haemolymph away from an organ.
efferent branchial vessel = vessel along rachis of ctenidium which carries oxygenated haemolymph away from the ctenidium to the heart for circulation to organs.
ELWST = extreme low water spring tide (usually near March and September equinoxes).
everted = turned inside out from the body.
height = (abbreviation H.) distance from apex of shell to base of aperture.
hypobranchial gland = gland which secretes mucus to trap and consolidate particles from inhalant water. Probably other biologically active compounds produced. On contact with air and light, mucus changes from greenish through red to purple.
imbricate = arranged to overlap like roof tiles.
inverted = turned outside in like a sock.
labial varix = especially strong or broad costa (rib) near edge of outer lip of aperture.
leg. = (abbreviation of legit) collected/ found by (cf. coll.)
LWST = low water spring tide, two periods of a few days each month when tide falls lowest.
mantle = sheet of tissue that secretes shell and forms a cavity for the gill in most marine molluscs. mantle edge = only part that produces exterior layers of shell. When flounced, it makes protruding shell-growth that forms imbricate sculpture.
odontophore = tongue-like structure of cartilage supporting radula.
opercular = (adj.) of the operculum.
operculum = plate of horny conchiolin, rarely calcareous, used to close shell aperture.
osphradium = organ for testing inhalant water for particles and/or chemicals produced by pollutants, prey or predators.
parietal lip = upper part of inner side of gastropod aperture.
periostracum = thin horny layer of chitinous material often coating shells.
pers. comm. = personal communication by face-to-face conversation, telephone, letter or email.
pleurembolic proboscis = basal part (only) of proboscis inverts to form a sac for rest of proboscis to be retracted into without inversion. (cf. acrembolic).
proboscis = internal feeding tube, containing the buccal mass with radula; only extended when feeding.
protoconch = apical whorls produced during embryonic and larval stages; different in form from other whorls forming teleoconch.
proximal = towards the centre of the body or point of attachment.
rachidian = (adj.) median/middle tooth in each row of teeth on radula.
rachiglossan = (adj.) of radula with a many-cusped, rachidian tooth, and single marginal tooth at each side.
rachis = central shaft/main axis of a feather or gill plume.
radula = chitinous ribbon of teeth; extended on odontophore to rasp food.
rectal gland = black or brown diverticulum of the rectum lying over it. Found in O. erinaceus and other Neogastropoda. Its function is unknown.
velum = bilobed flap on veliger larva, with beating cilia for swimming.
rhynchostome = opening on ventral surface of head for eversion of a proboscis.
sigmoid = curved in two directions like letter ‘S’ but often with shallower curvature.
suture = groove or line where whorls of gastropod shell adjoin.
teleoconch = entire gastropod shell, apart from apical protoconch.
tumid = bulging, distended, swollen, distinctly convex.
tumidity = the condition of being tumid.
varix = (see labial)
veliger = shelled larva of marine mollusc; swims by waving cilia on velum (bilobed flap).
Its my birthday. I’m 30 on the 30th. Golden birthday.
This is how I’m kicking off my 30th year. Throw away false protection and run into the cold and unknown ready to fight and love and have so much freakin fun its gonna be ridiculous.
Hope you’re doing well. Love this day.
Life is inspiring. We realize that more and more when we do the things that get our hearts beating. So do those things.
For regular photo updates follow : @jarrodreno
The show must go on, even without its actor who comes back into the shadow of his rooms, that so much have told of invisible worlds, past and present lives, poetry, melancholy, joy, visions…
Thanks to the audience of this small theatre, if we can consider this way this world called “flickr”, and let the show go on…
See you soon...
--------
Lo spettacolo deve continuare, anche senza il suo attore che se ne torna nell' ombra dei suoi ambienti, che tanto hanno raccontato di mondi invisibili, di vite passate, di vite presenti, di poesia, di malinconie, di gioie e di visioni...
Un grazie alla platea, riunita in questo piccolo teatro, se possiamo considerarlo cosi questo mondo chiamato flickr, e che lo spettacolo continui...
A presto...
Empty spaces - what are we living for
Abandoned places - I guess we know the score
On and on, does anybody know what we are looking for...
Another hero, another mindless crime
Behind the curtain, in the pantomime
Hold the line, does anybody want to take it anymore
The show must go on,
The show must go on
Inside my heart is breaking
My make-up may be flaking
But my smile still stays on.
Whatever happens, Ill leave it all to chance
Another heartache, another failed romance
On and on, does anybody know what we are living for?
I guess Im learning, I must be warmer now
Ill soon be turning, round the corner now
Outside the dawn is breaking
But inside in the dark Im aching to be free
The show must go on
The show must go on
Inside my heart is breaking
My make-up may be flaking
But my smile still stays on
My soul is painted like the wings of butterflies
Fairytales of yesterday will grow but never die
I can fly - my friends
The show must go on
The show must go on....
Nikon F801s
Neopan 1600
New project/theme! WOO
So, I had this whole other project going on but then the pictures weren't really turning out the way I wanted so I was desperately searching for new inspiration and a new idea. Thats when Boy_Wonder posted something and it just got me inspired. If you haven't checked his work out I suggest you do, its really good stuff!
Anywho, I also wanted to commemorate my last art history class somehow. Ive been taking art history courses over the course of my two years in college and they can just be brutal at times! Ive had to memorize at least like ~900 different slides for midterms each semester over two years thats what ? around ~3600 slides over 2 years. Its really ridiculous.
Whenever I am doing that I'm always trying to put a face to the name of the artist I'm memorizing or a face to the painting/photograph/sculpture I'm memorizing.
This is just my way of putting a face to a painting and just a way for me to really appreciate paintings and art in general! :]
This is No. 14 by Mark Rothko (1960). He is classified as an abstract expressionist but he didn't like being called that so...well just call him a painter. He really wanted to show basic emotions with his paintings and when people would break down in tears in front of his paintings that sort of showed him he was doing something right.
Ill put a picture of the painting under just so you guys get to see what i kinda went after.
I realize I haven't posted much lately and I realize this looks remarkably similar to my last image. Basically I'm stuck here in the apartment with no prop outfits that fit me anymore. I don't have enough room to use my 50mm beyond head shots. My creativity has been completely stunted because of this.
But I was hell bent on making a picture today so I went digging through the apartment and found some baby powder. Decided to throw it at myself and see what happened. And after about 30 minutes of baby powder filling the bathroom and 4 hours of playing around in photoshop, this is what I created.
I like it...I do. But I'm hesitant to really say I'm PROUD of it. Because I didn't really push myself in this image and, as I said before, it's remarkably similar to things I have done over and over. However, I DID create something with the limited space and supplies I have. And because of this I have decided to use a small part of my next paycheck and find the perfect prop dress (that fits me!) at a thrift store. And then I want to dedicate at least one or two Fridays a month to visiting locations and shooting images. (Why Friday? It's the only time my husband and I have off)
So I want to change my stuckness. I want to become an amazing photographer and I want to inspire people and teach people and provide blooming and established artists with means of connecting. I want to do so much in this field...it's just taking me forever to achieve it. Because I keep. getting. stuck.
Homemade soft focus lens.
3 elements: two balanced positive menisci and a negative achromat.
Along the American River Trail in Sacramento, CA.
After a visit to Crewe for some TLC, GB Railfreight's 92020 catches the eye of a traveller waiting for her train as the stunning Class 92 leaves Crewe on 0Z92 to Wembley Traincare Depot.
92020 had been on three test runs to Stafford and back a couple of days previously and passed with flying colours. After an A Exam upon its return to Wembley, the locomotive was expected to return to action on the Caledonian Sleeper.
A definate go see! Amazing building and great surroundings!
HSB Turning Torso is the tallest skyscraper in Sweden and the Nordic countries, situated in Malmö, Sweden, located on the Swedish side of the Öresund strait.
It was designed by the Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava and officially opened on 27 August 2005. The tower reaches a height of 190 metres (623 feet) with 54 stories.