View allAll Photos Tagged Substrate
ROOF HEAT PROOFING COMPANY PROFILE:
We would like to introduce ourselves as one of the Pioneer of ROOF HEAT PROOFING in Pakistan. Our company was established in the year 2000.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING Family Business Background.
Our Business Background is that we are importer of chemicals. When Pakistan got independence our grandfather Mr.Abdul Khaliq Gandhak wala (Late) was the first one to open a chemical outlet in Jodia Bazar Karachi. Every chemical related industrialist and Business men know him really well.
What is ROOF HEAT PROOFING Cool Tech?
In chemical field, we started ROOF HEAT PROOFING, a new business which fulfills the need of every house, Factory, Office, Hotel, School, Hospital and any other organization. ROOF HEAT PROOFING is the mixture of different types of chemicals, and Sun block chemicals from Pakistan, Korea, China and Germany.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING Vision and Mission.
After 35 years all over the world such as USA, GULF, Saudi Arabia and Hot region countries Cool Tech brought ROOF HEAT PROOFING facility in Pakistan in 2000. Approx.: 8000sq ft clean Area can be done within a day without any disturbance and noise. You can use your roof conveniently and you can search that type of coating on internet by any search engine like yahoo Google etc. Just mention ROOF HEAT PROOFING. Your Air Conditioner Bill will be deducted around 20 to 30%. Recommended by Engineers and consultant all over the world.
WHY ROOF HEAT PROOFING IS NECESSARY FOR ALL TOP FLOORS.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING saves your money against high Air conditioner Bills.
Cool Tech Saves your money against high Air conditioner Bills. The best reason to use Cool tech (ROOF HEAT PROOFING) is simply put……..You save Money! How much does it cost? Well, considering reduced electric bills, less wear and tear on air conditioner components, extended roof life, increased comfort and the beauty supplied, it’s almost FREE! Cool Tech will help pay for itself before you know it by enabling you to save 20-30% of your electricity cost. Cool Tech (ROOF HEAT PROOFING) is a high built coating made from highly water-resistant polymers and additives that give flexibility and durability.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING Protect your roof against hot sun rays.
Roof Heat Proofing provides SOLAR REFLECTANCE, which means it reflects most of the infrared and visible light striking the surface of the coating. Over 80% of the light striking Cool Tech (ROOF HEAT PROOFING) is reflected back into the atmosphere and away from your roof. Then Roof Heat Proofing repels over 80% of the heat striking it. It bounces this heat back into the atmosphere. This synergistic effect means that Cool Tech reflects the majority of radiant energy away from the structure while the micro-porous structure of the coating dissipated and blocks any radiation that is absorbed and reduces the energy transmitted to the substrate.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING Protect your roof against thermal shocks
Roof Heat Proofing also helps prevent thermal shocks. A hot roof can experience thermal shocks when a passing shower of cold rain hits the hot roof causing a rapid and tremendously violent contraction. These violent contractions can rip seams open, pop fasteners out of the roofs substrate, pull flashing out of the imbedding plies and generally destroys your roof. Keeping your roof cool prevents the radical contraction that leads to “ROOF SHOCK”, premature roof failure and costly replacement costs.
SOME OF OUR VALUABLE CLIENTS (COMMERCIAL)
• BAY VIEW HIGH SCHOOL CLIFTON 2012
• PAK GREASE MANUFAC KEEMARI KARACHI 2013
• BONANZA GARMENTS 2013
• SOUTH SHORE O-LEVEL SCHOOL DHA 2013
• KARACHI GRAMMAR SCHOOL CLIFTON 2011
• SIEMENS PAKISTAN ENGINEERING CO. LTD. SITE 2010
• (FOTCO) FAUJI OIL TERMINAL & DISTRIBUTION Co. Ltd (PORT QASIM) 2010
• OYSTER TECHNOLOGIC (PVT)LTD KORANGI 2011
• THE RESIDENCY HOTEL (LAHORE) 2011
• ARENA KARSAZ (2010)
• ARY DIGITAL NETWORK STUDIO (SITE) 2009
• MERCK (PVT) LTD QUETTA 2011
• CARE LOGISTIC SHARA-E-FAISAL 2011
• PRECISION POLYMERS (PVT) LIMITED 2011
• S. ABDULLAH & COMPANY (K-SHAMSHEER) (DHA) 2005
• MEDICAIDS PAKISTAN PVT LTD (KORANGI) 2011
• ICON TOWER (SITE OFFICE) ADJACENT ABDULLAH SHAH GHAZI MAZAR 2010
• CENTURY 21 TEXTILE (S.I.T.E) 2004
• HAKEEM ABDUL GHAFFAR AGHA (AGHA HERBAL, TARIQ ROAD) 2009
• (FOTCO) GUEST HOUSE (DHA) 2010
• MR. IQBAL.S.MUHAMMAD PARAMOUNT BOOKS PVT LTD 2009
• EDEN ROBE GARMENTS (SITE) 2007
• RAZAQUE STEEL (SITE) 2008
• STAR CNG N.NAZIMABAD 2011
• ST. PETERS HIGH SCHOOL KASHMIR ROAD 2009
• K.N. ACCADEMY (MALIR CANTT) 2003
• HAMPTON SCHOOL (CLIFTON) 2007
• WOODWARDS (PVT) LTD (AMEER KHUSRO ROAD) 2010
• CHAS. A MENDOZA (RAZI ROAD) 2010
• KIRAN HOSPITAL (SAFFORA GOTH) 2004
• USMAN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL (F.B. AREA) 2003
• CIVIL HOSPITAL 2004
• M.M. TOWERS (DHA) (MAIN KHAYABAN-E-ITEHAD) 2004
• LOYA ASSOCIATE (P.E.C.H.S) 2005
• ALI ASGHAR TEXTILE (KORANGI OFFICE AREA) 2010
• OXYHEALTH LOUNGE & RELAXATION CLUB (CLIFTON) 2008
• SHAN SILK (KORANGI) 2011
SOME OF OUR VALUABALE CLIENTS (RESIDENTIAL)
• MR. FAROOQ (BONANAZA GARMENTS) 2013
• MR. JUNAID JAMSHED DHA 2013
• MR ASHRAF S/O MR. LIAQUT ALI KHAN 1ST PRIME MINISTER OF PAKISTAN
• MIAN NASEER ARCHITECT 2013
• MR. SIKANDER BAKHT (FORMER PAKISTANI CRICKETER) D.H.A 2011
• MR. MASOOD HASSAN (CLIFTON) 2009 M/S. SIEMENS CO. LTD. SITE 2010
• MR. MURAD ALI SHAH MINISTOR OF IRRIGATION AND POWER (DHA) 2010
• MR. IMRAN S. SATTAR OXFORD SWETTERS DHA 2011
• MR. ASGHAR RANGOON WALA (ROYAL RODALE CLUB) (DHA) 2007
• MR YASIN SIDDIQUI CHAIRMAN “APTMA” DHA 2010 (SINDH & BALOCHISTAN ZONE)
• MR. SAJJAD HUSSAIN SHAH “APNA TV CHANNEL” (C.E) DHA 2010
• MR. SARFARAZ HUSSAIN SHAH “APNA TV CHANNEL” (C.E) DHA 2010
• MR. RAFIQ (ORIENT TEXTILE) DHA 2011.
• MS. FATIMA (D/O LATE MR. KAMAL FILM ACTOR) DHA 2011
• MR. BUKSH JUMANI (KHAIRPUR HOUSE) DHA 2011
• MR DANISH KHWAJA (A.R.Y) 2011 D.H.A / MR. NOFEL HUM T.V. 2011
• MR. YOUSUF DEWAN. (DEWAN GROUP OF INDUSTRIES) (DHA) 2003
• MR. HAMZA FAROOQ / MR. ABDUL BAAQI DEWAN. (DHA) 2008
• DR. RAHEEM-UL-HAQ (DHA) (SOUTH CITY HOSPITAL CLIFTON) 2007
• DR. ZEENAT ESSANI D.H.A 2008 / DR. ZAKIR ALVI D.H.A 2011
• MR. A. KARIM PARACHA (C.I.M. SHIPPING COMPANY) (DHA) 2008
• MR. SHAKEEL MASOOD (C.E. DAWN NEWS). (DHA) 2008
• MR ABBAS / MR SHABBIR (ARENA KARSAZ) 2010
• MR. AHMED ZAFAR EMIRATES GLOBAL BANK (DHA) 2010
• MR. POLAD SUZUKI MOTORS DEALER CLIFTON 2010
• MR. IQBAL.S.MUHAMMAD PARAMOUNT BOOKS PVT LTD 2009
• MR SIKANDAR (CAFÉ FLOW) / MR. NADEEM ISLAM (BAYVIEW SCHOOL)
• MR. ALI ADAMJEE / MR. BILAL DAILY AGHAZ NEWS DHA 2010
• MR. HASSAN AKHTER (DHA) (MATRIX COMPANY CLIFTON) 2004
• MR. BILAL (DHA) DAILY AGHAZ NEWS 2009
• MR. NOSHAER (YAZDANI MOTORS D.H.A) 2008
• MRS. ANWAR PIONEER CABLES (D.H.A) 2011
• MR. ASLAM PAKISTAN CABLES (CLIFTON) 2011
• MR. ABDUL HANNAN (KHAS INDUSTRIES) D.H.A 2010
• MR. NAVEED ILLAHI “ALI ASGHAR TEXTILE” (DHA RESIDENCE) 2010.
roof heat proofing, roof treatment services, roof insulation pakistan, roof insulation chemical, roof heat protection, heat reflection white coating, heat proof HOME
Roof Heat Proofing for existing roofs to protect your place from heat.
Available in all major cities of Pakistan.
For client list and more details.
contact: salman matin
03332284724
02135486688
www.cooltechpk.com/videos.html
www.facebook.com/roofheatproofing
www.facebook.com/roofheatproofingkarachi
www.roofinsulationpakistan.com,
Deep sea hard substrate are among the areas that will be heavily impacted by climate change, even though they host some beautiful and bizarre creatures such as these Sea Lily's (Crinoids). Photo courtesy of NOAA HURL Archives.
Product Name: inflatable bouncer suppliers
Product No: GB496
Size: 5mL×4mW×4mH
Pack: 132×96×96 (cm)
Weight: 137kg
Material: 0.55mm PLATO PVC Tarpaulin
Cert: CE, SGS, En14960, En71
Feature: High Durability, High Tear Strength, Fade Proof, Flame Retardant M2/B1, Anti-Mildew Treatment, Excellent UV-Resistance, Cold Weather Resistance, Waterproof, Anti-Static, Heat-Insulation
Not just fit and finish, Pango make a second blower tube and hide it if not use. We make the two tubes on different of the bouncer so that could fit the power location. Looking down the road you will find you need a second inflation tube. We want to make sure clients could use the bouncer convenient.
Stronger Baffles
Baffles that are secured by a 840 denier material that provides the MAXIMUM strength of the internal baffling of every inflatables. This material upgrade is unmatched by anyone else in the industry. This material is key to the overall durability of the products we sell.
D Ring Expose
Take a close look at the construction of the "d" rings in the products we sell. A tether system is only as strong as its weakest link. Tether points on the inflatable are extremely durable. The "d" ring tethering System have been laboratory-tested and certified by Professional Engineers for use on all giant slides and all other types of inflatables.
Vinyl（PVCTarpaulin） Expose
At Pango Inflatable, the only products we sell are constructed from the finest coated vinyl. Unlike other vinyl producers, the Coated Vinyl are Lead-Free in addition to meeting the EN71 test by SGS. Lead-Free vinyl are a standard that has been that way since day one. Exposure to lead is dangerous to children. The products Pango Inflatable sell are safe from the effects of lead. As for durability, the materials are a weft inserted substrate, which makes any possible rips virtually impossible.
No Wax Surfaces
We provide removable sliding surfaces for every slides we made, While other only provide the normal vinyl, Inflatable vinyl is not naturally slippery, therefore, waxing has become a normal preparation for getting a slide ready for use. The removable sliding surface found the on the products we sell is a high polished urethane coating, which in turn reduces the need to wax.
Zipper with Flaps
Unlike others, Pango Inflatable sells products that are easy to use. For example, the deflation zipper utilizes a Velcro flap that covers the zipper, thus, less air is lost and zippers are not exposed to abrasion or mischief.
Blower Tube Strap
While most manufacturers tie their blower inflation tubes to the blower system, however, the products Pango Inflatable sells, utilizes a universal sleeve with a cinching Velcro strap. One- handed operation keeps the tube securely attached to the blower system.
Liquid Laminator
DWe do the Digital Printing in our factory, unlike most factory here in China, they do the printing outside and could not control the delivery time and the quality. igitally printed graphics are one thing, keeping those beautiful images durable as well scratch and fade resistant is quite another. Every digital image used within an inflatable sold by Pango Inflatable is clear-coated with a special liquid laminate that is vulcanized to the vinyl surface.
Finger-Safe Netting
Most bouncer manufacturers use 1" or 2" netting. A child bouncing can easily catch their fingers in that size of netting, thus serious injuries can happen. Only the Pango Inflatable could provide netting that even a small child's finger cannot penetrate. Yet, the netting is still transparent enough to allow for easy viewing.
Removable Covers
Virtually every area that your customers step, slide or climb upon is on a replaceable & easily removable vinyl cover. From climbing stairs, to entrance tunnel sleeves to sliding surfaces, Pango Inflatable only sells products that are designed for high-volume traffic.
Safety Door on Bouncers
Worried about children possibly falling out of a bouncer? Don't be. We got 3 points of reinforcement on the entrance of the bouncer which make the entrance very strong. Also we add the step outside the entrance following the AU and USA standards of jumping castle.
On-Staff Engineering and Designing
We do reinforce stitching at the fixion of D-ring. Four stitching line will share the tension of the bouncer. This made the D-ring last much longer and stronger. Other factory use other design of the fixion, but will not good for the tension sharing. Could find the differnce in the attached photos.
Cushion Designs
We do cushion between the wall and the base. When the kids bounce on the bouncer this parts bear most of the pressure, so this new design will make this parts much more strong and safety, while other factory only stitch to the base.
Contact Site:http://www.pangoinflatable.com/
'Pondview Estates' 40"x41"
one of several mixed-media works by Darlene Charneco currently in
Urban/Suburban at the Islip Art Museum
curated by Karen Shaw
April 11- May 27, 2012
Reception April 22nd 1-4pm!
Darlene Charneco
Collaborations on Substrate
The layered mixed media models and tactile maps I create explore ways of seeing our human settlements, communication networks and communities through a biological lens and as part of a larger organism's growth stage. Clusters of houses sharing or sequestering resources and shorelines are pondered as sustainability experiments within imaginary laboratory or field observations . With playful shifts in scale perception, I strive to surprise and re-orient myself and the viewer into contemplation of the various interactions and types of symbiosis (parasitic, predatory or mutually beneficial) that we are continually co-evolving with other species and the living surface systems around and below us.
In addition to the resin mapping works, I maintain an ongoing and related studio practice of hammered nail prayers and weaves. ‘Bismuth City (The Empathetic Civilization’) and ‘WhiteWeave (Touchmap)’ are part of this ongoing series which incorporates ritual into its process. The abstracted cityscapes and undulating topographies of these pieces are formed by the aggregation of hopes and visualizations for a healthy planetary evolution, hammered in (and out) one per nail.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING COMPANY PROFILE:
We would like to introduce ourselves as one of the Pioneer of ROOF HEAT PROOFING in Pakistan. Our company was established in the year 2000.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING Family Business Background.
Our Business Background is that we are importer of chemicals. When Pakistan got independence our grandfather Mr.Abdul Khaliq Gandhak wala (Late) was the first one to open a chemical outlet in Jodia Bazar Karachi. Every chemical related industrialist and Business men know him really well.
What is ROOF HEAT PROOFING Cool Tech?
In chemical field, we started ROOF HEAT PROOFING, a new business which fulfills the need of every house, Factory, Office, Hotel, School, Hospital and any other organization. ROOF HEAT PROOFING is the mixture of different types of chemicals, and Sun block chemicals from Pakistan, Korea, China and Germany.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING Vision and Mission.
After 35 years all over the world such as USA, GULF, Saudi Arabia and Hot region countries Cool Tech brought ROOF HEAT PROOFING facility in Pakistan in 2000. Approx.: 8000sq ft clean Area can be done within a day without any disturbance and noise. You can use your roof conveniently and you can search that type of coating on internet by any search engine like yahoo Google etc. Just mention ROOF HEAT PROOFING. Your Air Conditioner Bill will be deducted around 20 to 30%. Recommended by Engineers and consultant all over the world.
WHY ROOF HEAT PROOFING IS NECESSARY FOR ALL TOP FLOORS.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING saves your money against high Air conditioner Bills.
Cool Tech Saves your money against high Air conditioner Bills. The best reason to use Cool tech (ROOF HEAT PROOFING) is simply put……..You save Money! How much does it cost? Well, considering reduced electric bills, less wear and tear on air conditioner components, extended roof life, increased comfort and the beauty supplied, it’s almost FREE! Cool Tech will help pay for itself before you know it by enabling you to save 20-30% of your electricity cost. Cool Tech (ROOF HEAT PROOFING) is a high built coating made from highly water-resistant polymers and additives that give flexibility and durability.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING Protect your roof against hot sun rays.
Roof Heat Proofing provides SOLAR REFLECTANCE, which means it reflects most of the infrared and visible light striking the surface of the coating. Over 80% of the light striking Cool Tech (ROOF HEAT PROOFING) is reflected back into the atmosphere and away from your roof. Then Roof Heat Proofing repels over 80% of the heat striking it. It bounces this heat back into the atmosphere. This synergistic effect means that Cool Tech reflects the majority of radiant energy away from the structure while the micro-porous structure of the coating dissipated and blocks any radiation that is absorbed and reduces the energy transmitted to the substrate.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING Protect your roof against thermal shocks
Roof Heat Proofing also helps prevent thermal shocks. A hot roof can experience thermal shocks when a passing shower of cold rain hits the hot roof causing a rapid and tremendously violent contraction. These violent contractions can rip seams open, pop fasteners out of the roofs substrate, pull flashing out of the imbedding plies and generally destroys your roof. Keeping your roof cool prevents the radical contraction that leads to “ROOF SHOCK”, premature roof failure and costly replacement costs.
SOME OF OUR VALUABLE CLIENTS (COMMERCIAL)
• BAY VIEW HIGH SCHOOL CLIFTON 2012
• PAK GREASE MANUFAC KEEMARI KARACHI 2013
• BONANZA GARMENTS 2013
• SOUTH SHORE O-LEVEL SCHOOL DHA 2013
• KARACHI GRAMMAR SCHOOL CLIFTON 2011
• SIEMENS PAKISTAN ENGINEERING CO. LTD. SITE 2010
• (FOTCO) FAUJI OIL TERMINAL & DISTRIBUTION Co. Ltd (PORT QASIM) 2010
• OYSTER TECHNOLOGIC (PVT)LTD KORANGI 2011
• THE RESIDENCY HOTEL (LAHORE) 2011
• ARENA KARSAZ (2010)
• ARY DIGITAL NETWORK STUDIO (SITE) 2009
• MERCK (PVT) LTD QUETTA 2011
• CARE LOGISTIC SHARA-E-FAISAL 2011
• PRECISION POLYMERS (PVT) LIMITED 2011
• S. ABDULLAH & COMPANY (K-SHAMSHEER) (DHA) 2005
• MEDICAIDS PAKISTAN PVT LTD (KORANGI) 2011
• ICON TOWER (SITE OFFICE) ADJACENT ABDULLAH SHAH GHAZI MAZAR 2010
• CENTURY 21 TEXTILE (S.I.T.E) 2004
• HAKEEM ABDUL GHAFFAR AGHA (AGHA HERBAL, TARIQ ROAD) 2009
• (FOTCO) GUEST HOUSE (DHA) 2010
• MR. IQBAL.S.MUHAMMAD PARAMOUNT BOOKS PVT LTD 2009
• EDEN ROBE GARMENTS (SITE) 2007
• RAZAQUE STEEL (SITE) 2008
• STAR CNG N.NAZIMABAD 2011
• ST. PETERS HIGH SCHOOL KASHMIR ROAD 2009
• K.N. ACCADEMY (MALIR CANTT) 2003
• HAMPTON SCHOOL (CLIFTON) 2007
• WOODWARDS (PVT) LTD (AMEER KHUSRO ROAD) 2010
• CHAS. A MENDOZA (RAZI ROAD) 2010
• KIRAN HOSPITAL (SAFFORA GOTH) 2004
• USMAN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL (F.B. AREA) 2003
• CIVIL HOSPITAL 2004
• M.M. TOWERS (DHA) (MAIN KHAYABAN-E-ITEHAD) 2004
• LOYA ASSOCIATE (P.E.C.H.S) 2005
• ALI ASGHAR TEXTILE (KORANGI OFFICE AREA) 2010
• OXYHEALTH LOUNGE & RELAXATION CLUB (CLIFTON) 2008
• SHAN SILK (KORANGI) 2011
SOME OF OUR VALUABALE CLIENTS (RESIDENTIAL)
• MR. FAROOQ (BONANAZA GARMENTS) 2013
• MR. JUNAID JAMSHED DHA 2013
• MR ASHRAF S/O MR. LIAQUT ALI KHAN 1ST PRIME MINISTER OF PAKISTAN
• MIAN NASEER ARCHITECT 2013
• MR. SIKANDER BAKHT (FORMER PAKISTANI CRICKETER) D.H.A 2011
• MR. MASOOD HASSAN (CLIFTON) 2009 M/S. SIEMENS CO. LTD. SITE 2010
• MR. MURAD ALI SHAH MINISTOR OF IRRIGATION AND POWER (DHA) 2010
• MR. IMRAN S. SATTAR OXFORD SWETTERS DHA 2011
• MR. ASGHAR RANGOON WALA (ROYAL RODALE CLUB) (DHA) 2007
• MR YASIN SIDDIQUI CHAIRMAN “APTMA” DHA 2010 (SINDH & BALOCHISTAN ZONE)
• MR. SAJJAD HUSSAIN SHAH “APNA TV CHANNEL” (C.E) DHA 2010
• MR. SARFARAZ HUSSAIN SHAH “APNA TV CHANNEL” (C.E) DHA 2010
• MR. RAFIQ (ORIENT TEXTILE) DHA 2011.
• MS. FATIMA (D/O LATE MR. KAMAL FILM ACTOR) DHA 2011
• MR. BUKSH JUMANI (KHAIRPUR HOUSE) DHA 2011
• MR DANISH KHWAJA (A.R.Y) 2011 D.H.A / MR. NOFEL HUM T.V. 2011
• MR. YOUSUF DEWAN. (DEWAN GROUP OF INDUSTRIES) (DHA) 2003
• MR. HAMZA FAROOQ / MR. ABDUL BAAQI DEWAN. (DHA) 2008
• DR. RAHEEM-UL-HAQ (DHA) (SOUTH CITY HOSPITAL CLIFTON) 2007
• DR. ZEENAT ESSANI D.H.A 2008 / DR. ZAKIR ALVI D.H.A 2011
• MR. A. KARIM PARACHA (C.I.M. SHIPPING COMPANY) (DHA) 2008
• MR. SHAKEEL MASOOD (C.E. DAWN NEWS). (DHA) 2008
• MR ABBAS / MR SHABBIR (ARENA KARSAZ) 2010
• MR. AHMED ZAFAR EMIRATES GLOBAL BANK (DHA) 2010
• MR. POLAD SUZUKI MOTORS DEALER CLIFTON 2010
• MR. IQBAL.S.MUHAMMAD PARAMOUNT BOOKS PVT LTD 2009
• MR SIKANDAR (CAFÉ FLOW) / MR. NADEEM ISLAM (BAYVIEW SCHOOL)
• MR. ALI ADAMJEE / MR. BILAL DAILY AGHAZ NEWS DHA 2010
• MR. HASSAN AKHTER (DHA) (MATRIX COMPANY CLIFTON) 2004
• MR. BILAL (DHA) DAILY AGHAZ NEWS 2009
• MR. NOSHAER (YAZDANI MOTORS D.H.A) 2008
• MRS. ANWAR PIONEER CABLES (D.H.A) 2011
• MR. ASLAM PAKISTAN CABLES (CLIFTON) 2011
• MR. ABDUL HANNAN (KHAS INDUSTRIES) D.H.A 2010
• MR. NAVEED ILLAHI “ALI ASGHAR TEXTILE” (DHA RESIDENCE) 2010.
roof heat proofing, roof treatment services, roof insulation pakistan, roof insulation chemical, roof heat protection, heat reflection white coating, heat proof HOME
Roof Heat Proofing for existing roofs to protect your place from heat.
Available in all major cities of Pakistan.
For client list and more details.
contact: salman matin
03332284724
02135486688
www.cooltechpk.com/videos.html
www.facebook.com/roofheatproofing
www.facebook.com/roofheatproofingkarachi
www.roofinsulationpakistan.com,
ROOF HEAT PROOFING COMPANY PROFILE:
We would like to introduce ourselves as one of the Pioneer of ROOF HEAT PROOFING in Pakistan. Our company was established in the year 2000.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING Family Business Background.
Our Business Background is that we are importer of chemicals. When Pakistan got independence our grandfather Mr.Abdul Khaliq Gandhak wala (Late) was the first one to open a chemical outlet in Jodia Bazar Karachi. Every chemical related industrialist and Business men know him really well.
What is ROOF HEAT PROOFING Cool Tech?
In chemical field, we started ROOF HEAT PROOFING, a new business which fulfills the need of every house, Factory, Office, Hotel, School, Hospital and any other organization. ROOF HEAT PROOFING is the mixture of different types of chemicals, and Sun block chemicals from Pakistan, Korea, China and Germany.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING Vision and Mission.
After 35 years all over the world such as USA, GULF, Saudi Arabia and Hot region countries Cool Tech brought ROOF HEAT PROOFING facility in Pakistan in 2000. Approx.: 8000sq ft clean Area can be done within a day without any disturbance and noise. You can use your roof conveniently and you can search that type of coating on internet by any search engine like yahoo Google etc. Just mention ROOF HEAT PROOFING. Your Air Conditioner Bill will be deducted around 20 to 30%. Recommended by Engineers and consultant all over the world.
WHY ROOF HEAT PROOFING IS NECESSARY FOR ALL TOP FLOORS.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING saves your money against high Air conditioner Bills.
Cool Tech Saves your money against high Air conditioner Bills. The best reason to use Cool tech (ROOF HEAT PROOFING) is simply put……..You save Money! How much does it cost? Well, considering reduced electric bills, less wear and tear on air conditioner components, extended roof life, increased comfort and the beauty supplied, it’s almost FREE! Cool Tech will help pay for itself before you know it by enabling you to save 20-30% of your electricity cost. Cool Tech (ROOF HEAT PROOFING) is a high built coating made from highly water-resistant polymers and additives that give flexibility and durability.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING Protect your roof against hot sun rays.
Roof Heat Proofing provides SOLAR REFLECTANCE, which means it reflects most of the infrared and visible light striking the surface of the coating. Over 80% of the light striking Cool Tech (ROOF HEAT PROOFING) is reflected back into the atmosphere and away from your roof. Then Roof Heat Proofing repels over 80% of the heat striking it. It bounces this heat back into the atmosphere. This synergistic effect means that Cool Tech reflects the majority of radiant energy away from the structure while the micro-porous structure of the coating dissipated and blocks any radiation that is absorbed and reduces the energy transmitted to the substrate.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING Protect your roof against thermal shocks
Roof Heat Proofing also helps prevent thermal shocks. A hot roof can experience thermal shocks when a passing shower of cold rain hits the hot roof causing a rapid and tremendously violent contraction. These violent contractions can rip seams open, pop fasteners out of the roofs substrate, pull flashing out of the imbedding plies and generally destroys your roof. Keeping your roof cool prevents the radical contraction that leads to “ROOF SHOCK”, premature roof failure and costly replacement costs.
SOME OF OUR VALUABLE CLIENTS (COMMERCIAL)
• BAY VIEW HIGH SCHOOL CLIFTON 2012
• PAK GREASE MANUFAC KEEMARI KARACHI 2013
• BONANZA GARMENTS 2013
• SOUTH SHORE O-LEVEL SCHOOL DHA 2013
• KARACHI GRAMMAR SCHOOL CLIFTON 2011
• SIEMENS PAKISTAN ENGINEERING CO. LTD. SITE 2010
• (FOTCO) FAUJI OIL TERMINAL & DISTRIBUTION Co. Ltd (PORT QASIM) 2010
• OYSTER TECHNOLOGIC (PVT)LTD KORANGI 2011
• THE RESIDENCY HOTEL (LAHORE) 2011
• ARENA KARSAZ (2010)
• ARY DIGITAL NETWORK STUDIO (SITE) 2009
• MERCK (PVT) LTD QUETTA 2011
• CARE LOGISTIC SHARA-E-FAISAL 2011
• PRECISION POLYMERS (PVT) LIMITED 2011
• S. ABDULLAH & COMPANY (K-SHAMSHEER) (DHA) 2005
• MEDICAIDS PAKISTAN PVT LTD (KORANGI) 2011
• ICON TOWER (SITE OFFICE) ADJACENT ABDULLAH SHAH GHAZI MAZAR 2010
• CENTURY 21 TEXTILE (S.I.T.E) 2004
• HAKEEM ABDUL GHAFFAR AGHA (AGHA HERBAL, TARIQ ROAD) 2009
• (FOTCO) GUEST HOUSE (DHA) 2010
• MR. IQBAL.S.MUHAMMAD PARAMOUNT BOOKS PVT LTD 2009
• EDEN ROBE GARMENTS (SITE) 2007
• RAZAQUE STEEL (SITE) 2008
• STAR CNG N.NAZIMABAD 2011
• ST. PETERS HIGH SCHOOL KASHMIR ROAD 2009
• K.N. ACCADEMY (MALIR CANTT) 2003
• HAMPTON SCHOOL (CLIFTON) 2007
• WOODWARDS (PVT) LTD (AMEER KHUSRO ROAD) 2010
• CHAS. A MENDOZA (RAZI ROAD) 2010
• KIRAN HOSPITAL (SAFFORA GOTH) 2004
• USMAN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL (F.B. AREA) 2003
• CIVIL HOSPITAL 2004
• M.M. TOWERS (DHA) (MAIN KHAYABAN-E-ITEHAD) 2004
• LOYA ASSOCIATE (P.E.C.H.S) 2005
• ALI ASGHAR TEXTILE (KORANGI OFFICE AREA) 2010
• OXYHEALTH LOUNGE & RELAXATION CLUB (CLIFTON) 2008
• SHAN SILK (KORANGI) 2011
SOME OF OUR VALUABALE CLIENTS (RESIDENTIAL)
• MR. FAROOQ (BONANAZA GARMENTS) 2013
• MR. JUNAID JAMSHED DHA 2013
• MR ASHRAF S/O MR. LIAQUT ALI KHAN 1ST PRIME MINISTER OF PAKISTAN
• MIAN NASEER ARCHITECT 2013
• MR. SIKANDER BAKHT (FORMER PAKISTANI CRICKETER) D.H.A 2011
• MR. MASOOD HASSAN (CLIFTON) 2009 M/S. SIEMENS CO. LTD. SITE 2010
• MR. MURAD ALI SHAH MINISTOR OF IRRIGATION AND POWER (DHA) 2010
• MR. IMRAN S. SATTAR OXFORD SWETTERS DHA 2011
• MR. ASGHAR RANGOON WALA (ROYAL RODALE CLUB) (DHA) 2007
• MR YASIN SIDDIQUI CHAIRMAN “APTMA” DHA 2010 (SINDH & BALOCHISTAN ZONE)
• MR. SAJJAD HUSSAIN SHAH “APNA TV CHANNEL” (C.E) DHA 2010
• MR. SARFARAZ HUSSAIN SHAH “APNA TV CHANNEL” (C.E) DHA 2010
• MR. RAFIQ (ORIENT TEXTILE) DHA 2011.
• MS. FATIMA (D/O LATE MR. KAMAL FILM ACTOR) DHA 2011
• MR. BUKSH JUMANI (KHAIRPUR HOUSE) DHA 2011
• MR DANISH KHWAJA (A.R.Y) 2011 D.H.A / MR. NOFEL HUM T.V. 2011
• MR. YOUSUF DEWAN. (DEWAN GROUP OF INDUSTRIES) (DHA) 2003
• MR. HAMZA FAROOQ / MR. ABDUL BAAQI DEWAN. (DHA) 2008
• DR. RAHEEM-UL-HAQ (DHA) (SOUTH CITY HOSPITAL CLIFTON) 2007
• DR. ZEENAT ESSANI D.H.A 2008 / DR. ZAKIR ALVI D.H.A 2011
• MR. A. KARIM PARACHA (C.I.M. SHIPPING COMPANY) (DHA) 2008
• MR. SHAKEEL MASOOD (C.E. DAWN NEWS). (DHA) 2008
• MR ABBAS / MR SHABBIR (ARENA KARSAZ) 2010
• MR. AHMED ZAFAR EMIRATES GLOBAL BANK (DHA) 2010
• MR. POLAD SUZUKI MOTORS DEALER CLIFTON 2010
• MR. IQBAL.S.MUHAMMAD PARAMOUNT BOOKS PVT LTD 2009
• MR SIKANDAR (CAFÉ FLOW) / MR. NADEEM ISLAM (BAYVIEW SCHOOL)
• MR. ALI ADAMJEE / MR. BILAL DAILY AGHAZ NEWS DHA 2010
• MR. HASSAN AKHTER (DHA) (MATRIX COMPANY CLIFTON) 2004
• MR. BILAL (DHA) DAILY AGHAZ NEWS 2009
• MR. NOSHAER (YAZDANI MOTORS D.H.A) 2008
• MRS. ANWAR PIONEER CABLES (D.H.A) 2011
• MR. ASLAM PAKISTAN CABLES (CLIFTON) 2011
• MR. ABDUL HANNAN (KHAS INDUSTRIES) D.H.A 2010
• MR. NAVEED ILLAHI “ALI ASGHAR TEXTILE” (DHA RESIDENCE) 2010.
roof heat proofing, roof treatment services, roof insulation pakistan, roof insulation chemical, roof heat protection, heat reflection white coating, heat proof HOME
Roof Heat Proofing for existing roofs to protect your place from heat.
Available in all major cities of Pakistan.
For client list and more details.
contact: salman matin
03332284724
02135486688
www.cooltechpk.com/videos.html
www.facebook.com/roofheatproofing
www.facebook.com/roofheatproofingkarachi
www.roofinsulationpakistan.com,
Bottom up growth of nanostructures is a fascinating area of nanoscience. The growth of nanowires typically takes place by a vapour-liquid-solid mechanism whereby molten metal catalyst particles on the substrate catalyse the growth process. Equal weight ratio of ZnO and graphite powders is often used as precursor, whereby the graphite powder assists in reducing the required reaction temperature and maintains a steady nanowire growth rate. During this process, ZnO nanowire growth also sometimes occurs on the graphite flakes themselves. The presented scanning electron microscope image depicts ZnO nanowires grown on a graphite flake during thermal chemical vapour deposition. The image (originally grayscale) has been coloured using Adobe Photoshop. Our research group at the Nanoscience Centre has been exploring the use of the high performance ZnO nanowire based field effect transistors for memory, logic and sensor device applications.
InAs wire on Substrate
Courtesy of Gerald Poirier
Image Details
Instrument used: Quanta Family
Magnification: 78540
Voltage: 15Kv
Spot: 3
Working Distance: 10
Detector: Se
ROOF HEAT PROOFING COMPANY PROFILE:
We would like to introduce ourselves as one of the Pioneer of ROOF HEAT PROOFING in Pakistan. Our company was established in the year 2000.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING Family Business Background.
Our Business Background is that we are importer of chemicals. When Pakistan got independence our grandfather Mr.Abdul Khaliq Gandhak wala (Late) was the first one to open a chemical outlet in Jodia Bazar Karachi. Every chemical related industrialist and Business men know him really well.
What is ROOF HEAT PROOFING Cool Tech?
In chemical field, we started ROOF HEAT PROOFING, a new business which fulfills the need of every house, Factory, Office, Hotel, School, Hospital and any other organization. ROOF HEAT PROOFING is the mixture of different types of chemicals, and Sun block chemicals from Pakistan, Korea, China and Germany.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING Vision and Mission.
After 35 years all over the world such as USA, GULF, Saudi Arabia and Hot region countries Cool Tech brought ROOF HEAT PROOFING facility in Pakistan in 2000. Approx.: 8000sq ft clean Area can be done within a day without any disturbance and noise. You can use your roof conveniently and you can search that type of coating on internet by any search engine like yahoo Google etc. Just mention ROOF HEAT PROOFING. Your Air Conditioner Bill will be deducted around 20 to 30%. Recommended by Engineers and consultant all over the world.
WHY ROOF HEAT PROOFING IS NECESSARY FOR ALL TOP FLOORS.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING saves your money against high Air conditioner Bills.
Cool Tech Saves your money against high Air conditioner Bills. The best reason to use Cool tech (ROOF HEAT PROOFING) is simply put……..You save Money! How much does it cost? Well, considering reduced electric bills, less wear and tear on air conditioner components, extended roof life, increased comfort and the beauty supplied, it’s almost FREE! Cool Tech will help pay for itself before you know it by enabling you to save 20-30% of your electricity cost. Cool Tech (ROOF HEAT PROOFING) is a high built coating made from highly water-resistant polymers and additives that give flexibility and durability.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING Protect your roof against hot sun rays.
Roof Heat Proofing provides SOLAR REFLECTANCE, which means it reflects most of the infrared and visible light striking the surface of the coating. Over 80% of the light striking Cool Tech (ROOF HEAT PROOFING) is reflected back into the atmosphere and away from your roof. Then Roof Heat Proofing repels over 80% of the heat striking it. It bounces this heat back into the atmosphere. This synergistic effect means that Cool Tech reflects the majority of radiant energy away from the structure while the micro-porous structure of the coating dissipated and blocks any radiation that is absorbed and reduces the energy transmitted to the substrate.
ROOF HEAT PROOFING Protect your roof against thermal shocks
Roof Heat Proofing also helps prevent thermal shocks. A hot roof can experience thermal shocks when a passing shower of cold rain hits the hot roof causing a rapid and tremendously violent contraction. These violent contractions can rip seams open, pop fasteners out of the roofs substrate, pull flashing out of the imbedding plies and generally destroys your roof. Keeping your roof cool prevents the radical contraction that leads to “ROOF SHOCK”, premature roof failure and costly replacement costs.
SOME OF OUR VALUABLE CLIENTS (COMMERCIAL)
• BAY VIEW HIGH SCHOOL CLIFTON 2012
• PAK GREASE MANUFAC KEEMARI KARACHI 2013
• BONANZA GARMENTS 2013
• SOUTH SHORE O-LEVEL SCHOOL DHA 2013
• KARACHI GRAMMAR SCHOOL CLIFTON 2011
• SIEMENS PAKISTAN ENGINEERING CO. LTD. SITE 2010
• (FOTCO) FAUJI OIL TERMINAL & DISTRIBUTION Co. Ltd (PORT QASIM) 2010
• OYSTER TECHNOLOGIC (PVT)LTD KORANGI 2011
• THE RESIDENCY HOTEL (LAHORE) 2011
• ARENA KARSAZ (2010)
• ARY DIGITAL NETWORK STUDIO (SITE) 2009
• MERCK (PVT) LTD QUETTA 2011
• CARE LOGISTIC SHARA-E-FAISAL 2011
• PRECISION POLYMERS (PVT) LIMITED 2011
• S. ABDULLAH & COMPANY (K-SHAMSHEER) (DHA) 2005
• MEDICAIDS PAKISTAN PVT LTD (KORANGI) 2011
• ICON TOWER (SITE OFFICE) ADJACENT ABDULLAH SHAH GHAZI MAZAR 2010
• CENTURY 21 TEXTILE (S.I.T.E) 2004
• HAKEEM ABDUL GHAFFAR AGHA (AGHA HERBAL, TARIQ ROAD) 2009
• (FOTCO) GUEST HOUSE (DHA) 2010
• MR. IQBAL.S.MUHAMMAD PARAMOUNT BOOKS PVT LTD 2009
• EDEN ROBE GARMENTS (SITE) 2007
• RAZAQUE STEEL (SITE) 2008
• STAR CNG N.NAZIMABAD 2011
• ST. PETERS HIGH SCHOOL KASHMIR ROAD 2009
• K.N. ACCADEMY (MALIR CANTT) 2003
• HAMPTON SCHOOL (CLIFTON) 2007
• WOODWARDS (PVT) LTD (AMEER KHUSRO ROAD) 2010
• CHAS. A MENDOZA (RAZI ROAD) 2010
• KIRAN HOSPITAL (SAFFORA GOTH) 2004
• USMAN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL (F.B. AREA) 2003
• CIVIL HOSPITAL 2004
• M.M. TOWERS (DHA) (MAIN KHAYABAN-E-ITEHAD) 2004
• LOYA ASSOCIATE (P.E.C.H.S) 2005
• ALI ASGHAR TEXTILE (KORANGI OFFICE AREA) 2010
• OXYHEALTH LOUNGE & RELAXATION CLUB (CLIFTON) 2008
• SHAN SILK (KORANGI) 2011
SOME OF OUR VALUABALE CLIENTS (RESIDENTIAL)
• MR. FAROOQ (BONANAZA GARMENTS) 2013
• MR. JUNAID JAMSHED DHA 2013
• MR ASHRAF S/O MR. LIAQUT ALI KHAN 1ST PRIME MINISTER OF PAKISTAN
• MIAN NASEER ARCHITECT 2013
• MR. SIKANDER BAKHT (FORMER PAKISTANI CRICKETER) D.H.A 2011
• MR. MASOOD HASSAN (CLIFTON) 2009 M/S. SIEMENS CO. LTD. SITE 2010
• MR. MURAD ALI SHAH MINISTOR OF IRRIGATION AND POWER (DHA) 2010
• MR. IMRAN S. SATTAR OXFORD SWETTERS DHA 2011
• MR. ASGHAR RANGOON WALA (ROYAL RODALE CLUB) (DHA) 2007
• MR YASIN SIDDIQUI CHAIRMAN “APTMA” DHA 2010 (SINDH & BALOCHISTAN ZONE)
• MR. SAJJAD HUSSAIN SHAH “APNA TV CHANNEL” (C.E) DHA 2010
• MR. SARFARAZ HUSSAIN SHAH “APNA TV CHANNEL” (C.E) DHA 2010
• MR. RAFIQ (ORIENT TEXTILE) DHA 2011.
• MS. FATIMA (D/O LATE MR. KAMAL FILM ACTOR) DHA 2011
• MR. BUKSH JUMANI (KHAIRPUR HOUSE) DHA 2011
• MR DANISH KHWAJA (A.R.Y) 2011 D.H.A / MR. NOFEL HUM T.V. 2011
• MR. YOUSUF DEWAN. (DEWAN GROUP OF INDUSTRIES) (DHA) 2003
• MR. HAMZA FAROOQ / MR. ABDUL BAAQI DEWAN. (DHA) 2008
• DR. RAHEEM-UL-HAQ (DHA) (SOUTH CITY HOSPITAL CLIFTON) 2007
• DR. ZEENAT ESSANI D.H.A 2008 / DR. ZAKIR ALVI D.H.A 2011
• MR. A. KARIM PARACHA (C.I.M. SHIPPING COMPANY) (DHA) 2008
• MR. SHAKEEL MASOOD (C.E. DAWN NEWS). (DHA) 2008
• MR ABBAS / MR SHABBIR (ARENA KARSAZ) 2010
• MR. AHMED ZAFAR EMIRATES GLOBAL BANK (DHA) 2010
• MR. POLAD SUZUKI MOTORS DEALER CLIFTON 2010
• MR. IQBAL.S.MUHAMMAD PARAMOUNT BOOKS PVT LTD 2009
• MR SIKANDAR (CAFÉ FLOW) / MR. NADEEM ISLAM (BAYVIEW SCHOOL)
• MR. ALI ADAMJEE / MR. BILAL DAILY AGHAZ NEWS DHA 2010
• MR. HASSAN AKHTER (DHA) (MATRIX COMPANY CLIFTON) 2004
• MR. BILAL (DHA) DAILY AGHAZ NEWS 2009
• MR. NOSHAER (YAZDANI MOTORS D.H.A) 2008
• MRS. ANWAR PIONEER CABLES (D.H.A) 2011
• MR. ASLAM PAKISTAN CABLES (CLIFTON) 2011
• MR. ABDUL HANNAN (KHAS INDUSTRIES) D.H.A 2010
• MR. NAVEED ILLAHI “ALI ASGHAR TEXTILE” (DHA RESIDENCE) 2010.
roof heat proofing, roof treatment services, roof insulation pakistan, roof insulation chemical, roof heat protection, heat reflection white coating, heat proof HOME
Roof Heat Proofing for existing roofs to protect your place from heat.
Available in all major cities of Pakistan.
For client list and more details.
contact: salman matin
03332284724
02135486688
www.cooltechpk.com/videos.html
www.facebook.com/roofheatproofing
www.facebook.com/roofheatproofingkarachi
www.roofinsulationpakistan.com,
finaly finished the substrate for my flying carpet. Started this about 8 months ago.
This is really a challenge for me, I am not very good doing geometric patterns.
This has to be finished in 3 weeks, will go into a show
5050/3528 SMD Light Description:
A: use a very soft PCB board or FPC as the substrate, high brightness SMD LED as light, light emitting angles> 120 degrees, light evenly arranged on the bar circuit board positive, very slim, compact form factor.
B: every three LED can follow any of the above cut off tangent formed by the printed circuit board, with imports of 3M adhesive on the back for the paste. Clips can be equipped with red, yellow, blue, green, white and other light colors to choose from, RGB light bar with the controller may issue a variety of dazzling lighting effects.
C: widely used in three-dimensional light-emitting sub, signs, labels, advertising light boxes, etc., as a light source to use; the product waterproof performance, low-voltage DC power supply safe and convenient to use. 5 meters / roll disc packaging or 30CM 50CM / bar.
D: Main features:
1, can be bent, can be arbitrarily fixed in the concave and convex surfaces;
2, every three LED lights to form a loop;
3, small size, rich colors are widely used in building body contour, step, stand, bridge, hotel, KTV decoration
Shiitake mushroom growing on a substrate log is one of the many varieties displayed by To-Jo Mushroom Marketing Director Pete Wilder, in partnership with the American Mushroom Institute and Mushroom Council, to speaks about the commercial and home growing, selecting, storage and uses of mushrooms on display at the VegU education tent, during the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Peopleâs Garden - Farmers Market, on Friday, October, 29, 2016, in Washington, D.C. Mushrooms are being featured in food recipe demonstrations and samples at the VegU tent. White button, crimini, portabella, oyster, maitake (Hen of the Woods) and Royal Trumpet mushrooms are some of the cultivated mushroom varieties on display. He emphasized the technique of blending mushrooms with ground meat dishes to add moisture, fiber and added flavor to traditional recipes. USDA photo by Lance Cheung.
peoplesgarden.usda.gov
@USDA_AMS
#USDAFarmersMkt
Shiitake mushroom growing on a substrate log is one of the many varieties displayed by To-Jo Mushroom Marketing Director Pete Wilder, in partnership with the American Mushroom Institute and Mushroom Council, to speaks about the commercial and home growing, selecting, storage and uses of mushrooms on display at the VegU education tent, during the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Peopleâs Garden - Farmers Market, on Friday, October, 29, 2016, in Washington, D.C. Mushrooms are being featured in food recipe demonstrations and samples at the VegU tent. White button, crimini, portabella, oyster, maitake (Hen of the Woods) and Royal Trumpet mushrooms are some of the cultivated mushroom varieties on display. He emphasized the technique of blending mushrooms with ground meat dishes to add moisture, fiber and added flavor to traditional recipes. USDA photo by Lance Cheung.
peoplesgarden.usda.gov
@USDA_AMS
#USDAFarmersMkt
Neuroscience Prof. Anil Seth argues that conscious human intelligence is tightly coupled to our living, biological substrate, not replicable or simulatable in silicon. Here are some of my reactions to his thought-provoking piece:
If human intelligence and consciousness is substrate dependent, as asserted, even down to individual neurons being irreplaceable by silicon substrates, then some precise and strong claims emerge: uploading human consciousness to a new substrate (as referenced in the article) would not be possible, and the BCI companies should not be able to augment the core of human intelligence. This would have profound implications on the possibility of “humanity” going along for the ride of exponential progress in AI.
(As an aside, it’s far more likely that our biology is left behind, and building an AI that exceeds human intelligence will likely happen before we fully understand the brains we have. It’s easier to build a new one than reverse engineer the complex product of an iterative algorithm like evolution, cortical pruning, or neural net development. The locus of learning shifts to the process, not the product of development.)
Let me lend further evidence to the article’s claim that neural complexity vastly exceeds the neural net abstractions of current AI, and that human intelligence may be substrate dependent. At the high level of the connectome, the average adult has 1000 input synapses to each neuron, and a newborn baby has 10,000. Silicon chips do not have enough metal layers to implement this level of fan-in per gate. And these connections are dynamic; 90% are pruned in childhood development, and neurons that fire together wire together in a dynamic and ongoing remapping over time. Pure, detailed biomimicry of the brain in mainstream CMOS silicon may be impossible, for now and the foreseeable future. Dynamic interconnect is the issue, and it may require a fully 3D, fluid, low power substrate. Like the brain. And it might take some of the special chemical properties of carbon to capture the richness (I wondered about this in 2005)
On the other end of the spectrum, the complexity of the neuron vastly exceeds a simple sigmoid voting circuit or digital gate abstraction. Ion channels activate like a bucket brigade down each synapse. HIV-like particles and endogenous cannabinoids may play a role in nearest neighbor interactions outside the synapse. The extra-cellular matrix, like the potting soil outside the neuron, relaxes in a long series of critical periods of childhood development, and under the influence of psychedelics, changing the neuroplasticity for interconnect changes. And the neuron types may be vastly more varied that the observable phenotypic buckets (pyramidal, mirror neurons, etc.). MIT’s Ed Boyden believes that the gene expression of each neuron is unique — literally billions of different neuron types.
But, even if human intelligence and consciousness are fully substrate dependent, it does not follow that human-level intelligence is impossible with a different substrate. We may have only one existence proof from biological evolution, but that does not imply exclusivity in the space of possibilities. The substrate of our brains is not very different from less intelligent animals; our unique advancement came from layering on more self-similar cortex — not a better substrate but more of it.
There is much of our substrate that is unique from its evolutionary origins and as a way to make the most of it – it’s quite a miracle that meat can think at all… and do math and compute, even if we choose not to. We can imagine a certain percentage of our substrate is for basic metabolic support and garbage collection and not fundamentally essential for the thinking at hand, when abstracted at the right level. It’s like the power supply implementation of a computer not being essential to the computation architecture itself. Some portion of the genetic code in each neuron is a vestigial passenger from viral transposons of the past.
It’s safe to say that some fraction of our substrate is critical to the architecture of intelligence, and the critical exercise of biomimicry is to figure out the right level of abstraction, the right level of detail, if we wish to follow a similar path in a different substrate.
The critique of current AI approaches as falling short with an over-simplistic simplification may be correct, but not insurmountable. Or the shortcomings could be a vestige of the architecture and process of training the LLMs of today. A number of the AI advances of the past decade were focused on Reinforcement Learning. It was Deep Mind’s initial focus. There has been a revival of late, with some like Yann LeCun arguing that LLMs will never get us there… but RL will. We have believed for many years that the future of AI compute will be analog in-memory compute, as implemented in Mythic chips, and the brain. Some believe it will require an embodied intelligence interacting with the world of physical AI. Jeff Hawkins is working on a memory prediction architecture arguing that the brain is not a computer at all (and perhaps the qualia of consciousness is the merely the retrospective sensemaking of predictions occurring continuously at all layers of the cortex). Perhaps we will need a coincidence detector for asynchronous circuits to mimic the fire-together/wire-together paradigm (perhaps with reversible-computing resonators). Perhaps a neurosymbolic hybrid will bear fruit in mimicking different brain regions distinctly. Perhaps we will need a series of critical periods, like human children, with a path dependence on the sequencing of neural net training. There are many possibilities and exciting work to come, a Cambrian explosion of sorts, exploring different abstractions of architecture and processes of training.
While we humans want to feel special, unique, and central to the future, it does not make it so. One day, we will have a more advanced non-human intelligence that is conscious. That will happen quite simply by considering the next million years of continued biological evolution, with a selection function that rewards intelligence. To argue otherwise is to argue that homo sapiens are somehow the endpoint of evolution. Evolution does not suddenly end, even if we wish it to. The biological substrate of our successor species will likely be similar to ours, as the primary vector of evolutionary progress operates most rapidly at the highest level of abstraction. The open question is whether non-biological evolutionary algorithms will usher in non-biological intelligence that is superhuman and conscious in a handful of years if we are pursuing the right level of abstraction for conscious intelligence or maybe decades if we need to explore radically different analogs to our analog meat minds.
— Anil Seth is the director of the Centre for Consciousness Science at the University of Sussex. Here is his article in Noema
Potamotrygon leopoldi
Family
Potamotrygonidae
Distribution
Known only from the Rio Xingu basin and Rio Fresco in central Brazil.
Habitat
Like other members of the genus it inhabits a variety of biotopes. These include sand banks, the shallows of major rivers and slow-moving tributaries with substrates of mud or sand. It also move into areas of flooded forest during the annual wet season and can later be found in terrestrial lakes and ponds formed by the receding flood waters.
Maximum Standard Length
A large female can measure 24"/60cm across the disc. Males tend to be smaller.
Diet
Wild rays feed chiefly on other fish and aquatic invertebrates, including worms and crustaceans. They're active fish with a high metabolic rate and as such will need feeding at least twice a day. They're also notoriously big eaters and it's going to cost you a considerable amount of money to keep even a single specimen in good health. In general an exclusively meaty diet is preferable, although some will also learn to accept dried foods.
Juveniles (often sold simply as "teacup" rays regardless of species) relish live or frozen bloodworm, Tubifex, Artemia, krill and suchlike. Adults should be fed correspondingly larger foods, such as whole mussels, cockles, prawns, squid, whitebait (or other fresh fish) and earthworms. A varied diet is needed to keep the fish in top condition.
They're often a little reluctant to feed when initially imported, and usually arrive in quite a skinny state. It's very important to get them feeding as quickly as possible due to their metabolic requirements. Frozen foods may be refused at first, so bulk them up on live foods until they have enough weight to be safely weaned onto dead alternatives. Live bloodworm or earthworms (the latter can be chopped for small specimens) are generally considered to be among the best foods for conditioning newly imported rays.
Rays should not be fed the meat of mammals such as beef heart or chicken. Some of the lipids contained in these meats cannot be properly metabolised by the fish, and can cause excess deposits of fat and even organ degeneration. Similarly there is no benefit in the use of 'feeder' fish such as livebearers or small goldfish. Risks involved with these include the possible introduction of disease or parasites.
Breeding
Potamotrygon species utilise a breeding strategy known as matrotrophic viviparity. The young fish (often referred to as "pups") develop inside the mother and are born live and fully-formed. Inside the uterus of the female specialised filaments or villi develop. These secrete a milky substance known as histotrophe, from which the growing pups derive their nourishment once their yolk sacs have been used up. Litter size usually varies between 1-8 and gestation can take between months. Interestingly this period seems to be significantly shorter with rays breeding in aquaria, possibly due to the abundance of food they receive compared to wild fish. Successful captive breeding of several species has occured regularly in recent years, .
Rays can be picky when it comes to selecting a mate. Simply buying a pair of fish and putting them together will not guarantee a successful pairing. The ideal way to obtain a pair is to buy a group of juveniles, housing them in a huge tank and allowing them to select their own partners. However this is probably beyond the means of most hobbyists. It can also take several years for rays to become sexually mature, so a good degree of patience is required when starting with young fish.
If selecting a single pair try to choose similarly patterned specimens, and a bigger female than male. The comparative size of the pair is particularly important as courtship can be a somewhat violent affair, particularly if the female is unwilling to spawn. It's therefore essential that the she is large enough to defend herself. When in spawning condition the male will chase her incessantly, often biting her on the body and around the edge of the disc. He does so as in order to mate the pair must position themselves so that their bellies are facing each other. The male uses his mouth to take hold of the female and slide underneath her. If this behaviour continues for too long with no successful mating event real physical damage can occur. Keep a close eye on developments if your rays begin to show signs of mating behaviour, and have the facilities on hand to separate them if need be. You can try reintroducing them a few days later if necessary.
The spawning act itself is quite brief, lasting only a few seconds. Fertilisation occurs internally, the male inserting one of his claspers into the cloaca of the female before releasing his milt. Following a successful mating event the male should stop harassing his partner.
Gestation in captive rays generally takes between 9-12 weeks. During the latter stages the developing young can sometimes be seen as a visible (sometimes moving!) lump rising from the posterior end of the female's back, although in well-fed specimens this can be tricky to spot. It's essential to feed the female in sufficient quantities during this period as she will expend a lot of energy providing for her pups, and her appetite will increase significantly. Pregnant females are generally safe to be left in situ, although once the pups are born they're best removed to avoid predation by other tankmates. If the rays are being maintained alone the adults won't usually harm them although the chance is always there. Most breeders prefer to remove the pups for the sake of safety. The water in the tank is usually cloudy following a birth (this is thought to be caused by fluids released as the pups leave the body of the female), and a large water change is recommended once they've have been removed.
The pups usually have a small yolk sac attached at birth, and they will feed from this for anything up to a week. After the sac has been absorbed they should be offered high quality live and frozen foods several times a day. Some may initially refuse dead foods, but they can usually be weaned quite easily by mixing in a little live food when feeding. Growth is quite rapid with a stringent regime of water changes and the correct amount of food.
If you're lucky enough to own a pair of rays that are breeding regularly, give the female a break from the male after every 2-3 litters. Females use up a lot of energy in producing young and it may drastically shorten their lifespan if they're forced to mate continuously.
Successful captive breeding of Potamotrygon leopoldi has occured fairly regularly in the hobby. The pups don't exhibit the eye-catching colouration of the adults, having an overall mottled brown patterning (the spots are visible, but are also brownish in colour at this stage). In nature this probably serves to camouflage the pups from would-be predators.
New York Aquarium Coney Island NY
Lotus and Leucanthemum 1984. Corntown carboniferous limestone quarry. Ox-eye daisies and Bir's-foot-trefoil.
I'm a big fan of the various species of the so called "ant plants"; plants which have developed symbiotic relationships with ants. In some species (such as the Myrmecodias and Hydnophytums) the plants produce highly modified stems which naturally develop hollow internal chambers which provide living spaces for ant colonies. The ants in turn benefit the plants by protecting their host from insect pests and providing nutrients derived from decomposing detritus from the ant colony. In addition to the previous examples there are a few members of the greater milkweed family which produce modified leaves which also provide sheltered sites for ants to establish their colonies. Some species, such as Dischidia pectinoides and D. major produce modified pouch-like leaves which serve as nesting sites. Other species produce large leaves which provide shallow, dome-like enclosures between the leaf and the substrate which can serve as a living site for ant colonies.
Hoya imbricata is one particularly attractive example of this last type of plant. It is an epiphytic plant with long, thin climbing stems which cling to tree trunks and branches, and bear very large succulent, plate-like leaves (reputedly measuring from about 2 inches, to nearly 10 inches in diameter in some varieties), which clasp the vertical surfaces upon which they grow. These leaves typically grow rather close together, slightly overlapping one another like roofing shingles or fish scales (the specific epithet "imbricata" alludes to this similarity to roofing tiles). Ants colonize the spaces beneath these leaves, often using adjacent leaves to serve as "nurseries", food storage and other specialized rooms or chambers for the ant colony. The spaces beneath the overlapping leaves may also serve as a protected highway, by which ants can travel from the ground to the upper branches of forest trees. This Hoya produces roots all along the length of the stems - those which are located just beneath the leaves will absorb nutrients from the detritus from the ant colony - providing the plant with a significant portion of its fertilization. The plant may also absorb a significant percentage of the carbon dioxide exhaled by the ants - providing the plant with vital carbon necessary in the production of sugars, proteins, and lipids.
Mature plants can grow many yards in length, and will branch and re-branch to produce intricate networks giving its host tree the appearance of being covered with shingles, or giant fish scales.
There are a number of varieties of this species in the wild, but the specific traits which distinguish the different varieties are not entirely clear to me - nor have I been able to find a listing of all of the recognized varieties in my research. Some varieties have closely spaced leaves which overlap, blanketing the trunks upon which they grow, while at least one variety is said to have long internodes with more widely spaced (non-overlapping) leaves. Most have comparatively small leaves (2 to 5 inches in diameter), while at least one variety produces leaves to about 10 inches across. In some, the leaves are of a uniform green coloration, but in others, the leaves are a dark green and are attractively marbled in pale greenish/grey tones. The leaf undersides of all varieties bear magenta to purplish pigments - which in many other plant species, is usually an adaptation to lower light levels - the purplish undersides to the leaf act as an accessory pigment to chlorophyll, which enables the plant to make use of additional wavelengths of light.
The flowers are produced in loose dangling umbels, which in my plant, measured to about 2 inches across. Larger, more mature plants will probably produce larger umbels with more flowers than this. The flowers are quite attractive, bearing "furry" greenish/cream colored petals. Other portions of the flower are of the same coloration, but are glossy and polished looking, earning them the common name for the genus, "Wax Flowers". While the flowers of other Hoya species can be highly fragrant, to my nose, the scent of this species is extremely faint: it is slightly sweet, with a trace of a musty under-tone. My plant has only flowered once: I am uncertain what combination of cooler temperatures, reduced light intensity, shorter daylight hours and less humid conditions may have helped initiate the formation of flower buds, but my plant flowered in November, about 2 months after I brought it indoors for the winter.
Hoya imbricata is not the easiest plant to maintain under typical household conditions. In my 19 months of growing this plant, I have struggled to discover which conditions best suits it: in summer, my plant usually produces a modest flush of growth, but it remains dormant through much of the other 9 months. It responds well to the increased light levels and higher temperatures of summer, especially when I move it into my unheated greenhouse in late spring. This species requires warm temperatures, bright but diffuse light, and quite humid conditions. Without high humidity, my plant languishes in a sort of persistent dormancy, and in winter, it has the tendency to loose moisture from its leaves and abort roots and young stems until humid conditions are restored. It is only when humidity exceeds about 60% that my plant even begins to show signs of growth: at levels closer to 90%, it seems to produce its most rapid growth. I am presently growing cuttings in a sealed 2 liter soda bottle with a soil-less mixture of peat moss and vermiculite watered with a weak solution of Miracle Gro fertilizer. This terrarium is kept just below two 40-watt fluorescent lights (the bulbs actually resting on the surface of the bottle). Because of the proximity of the lights, the temperature inside of the terrarium can rise to as much as 95 degrees Fahrenheit by day. At night (when the lights are off), temperatures typically fall to about 72 degrees. Conditions are very moist, so the sides of the container are perpetually drenched in condensation. This combination of warmth and moisture would rot practically any other plant, but my plant seems to thrive under these conditions, quickly responding with renewed, vigorous growth. After just a few weeks, one small cutting has produced 4 new stems, and the beginnings of at least 2 new leaves. Following this initial success, I started another cutting (a single leaf with several branching stems) under similar conditions. This cutting had been dormant for nearly one year - but within one week of this treatment, I observed the initiation of new growth at two nodes - probably the beginnings of two new vines; about a week later, it is producing the beginnings of new roots. Larger plants can be grown in a sort of mini greenhouse - I am growing my "main" plant horizontally in a long plastic storage container (the type designed for under-the-bed storage) with a pane of glass placed over the top to provide a more or less sealed environment (to ensure high humidity levels). I place fluorescent tubes on top of this (with the tubes resting just a few inches above the plant), and maintain light for approximately 14 hours a day. Even though I grow my plants on the basement floor (the coolest location in the house), temperatures inside of this container will rise to approximately 80 degrees by day, and cools to about 68 degrees at night (conditions which are probably a bit cooler than optimum). It would probably be best to place a 1 inch layer of very moist blend of Vermiculite/Perlite on the bottom of the container to provide adequate humidity, but any moisture retentive medium (such as peat-moss, or sterilized potting soil) will do.
In spite of the purple/magenta pigments on the underside of its leaves, (which is usually an adaptation to low light levels), Hoya imbricata seems to thrive when provided with bright but indirect light. When grown outdoors, bright dapple shade is probably best, but indoors, plants should be maintained just a few inches beneath fluorescent lights. Extended exposure to direct sunlight will tend to bleach and scorch its leaves.
Hoya imbricata requires a good support and a more or less solid surface upon which to grow in order to assure typical growth, otherwise the leaves of unsupported vines tend to roll in upon themselves (imagine a paper plate rolled into a cylinder). Cork-bark slabs, osmunda fiber slabs and posts, even long sections of logs and thick tree branches are good supports. For my own plant, I take two sections of black plastic mesh "gutter guards", and sew these along their sides and bottom to produce a long "sock". I fill this with an orchid potting mix consisting mostly of chipped coconut husk and cork bark. This mix retains moisture much better than cork-bark slabs, and may provide more humid conditions under the leaves than cork slab would alone. This support is rigid enough for the leaves to "clasp" normally, although I have found that it is best to wire new growth against it to assure good contact with the growing medium, at least until roots become established enough to hold the new leaves in place.
As with all Hoyas, this species requires warm temperatures to thrive: 80 to 90 degrees seems to be best, although it will tolerate higher temperatures than this: Extended periods of cooler temperatures (68 to 52 degrees) will tend to send plants into dormancy, and freezing temperatures will practically kill it instantly. While I have not tested its ultimate tolerances to cold, it will likely die if exposed to temperature in the 40's for any more than a few days, so if you do move your plants outdoors in summer, be prepared to bring it back indoors at the first predictions of cool weather.
It seems that only a few conservatories, and dedicated hobbyists grow Hoya imbricata here in the United States. Exceedingly few nurseries stock any of the varieties of this species, so it may sometimes be easier to acquire cuttings from other growers than it is to find in trade. My plant (Hoya imbricata var. basirotunda), for example, was originally acquired as cuttings generously provided by Myron Kimnach. The scarcity of this species in the trade is unfortunate, as this is an exceptionally interesting, and (in my humble opinion) one of the most attractive Hoya species that I know of. Perhaps its reputation as an "ant plant" works against it. While plants which are grown outdoors in the tropics and subtropics may sometimes become colonized by ants, it has been my experience that plants grown in more temperate climates do not attract ants, and can be grown without the presence of ants without ill effects. In nature such symbiotic relationships tend to be fairly specific, and usually involve a relatively few ant species; most ant species from northern latitudes would not colonize this plant. Grown indoors, particularly when grown in a more or less sealed environment, the chances of ants colonizing this species are virtually nil.
The specialized growing needs of Hoya imbricata will probably forever relegate this plant to dedicated growers only, particularly those from non-tropical climates. But for those growers who are not daunted by the challenges of providing year-round warm temperatures, high humidity and bright light, this species may very well be the plant for you. Its distinctive growth habit, attractive foliage (particularly those varieties with attractively marbled leaves), attractive "furry" flowers, and its fascinating adaptations to live symbiotically with ants will make it a standout in any collection. And it is unquestionably the most attractive "ant plant" which I have ever grown.