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February 24
From Structural Adjustment to the Post-Washington Consensus and Beyond: Paradigm Shifts in Development Aid
Matthew Winters, Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Illinois
At the conclusion of the Cold War, new ideological space opened up for foreign aid to be more clearly dedicated to economic development and poverty alleviation. At the same moment, intellectual tides were turning against structural adjustment programming, which had stimulated little economic growth over the previous decade and, in fact, was accused of having led to increased, rather than decreased, immiseration. By the late 1990s, there had been a discursive shift away from the neoliberal economic policies of the Washington Consensus, and the international development industry was discussing good governance and the need to combat corruption; the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund replaced their structural adjustment lending with so-called poverty reduction lending. The turn of the millennium brought the poverty-focused Millennium Development Goals, and the first decade of the 21st century brought a series of conferences on aid effectiveness and the rising prominence of evidence-based foreign aid. How great are the changes that the development industry has seen over the past 30 years? How different is the post-Washington Consensus era from that which preceded it? And what are the implications of these changes for economic development and poverty alleviation?
Structurally crinkled gyprock from the Permian of New Mexico, USA. (field of view ~6.8 centimeters across)
This is a sample of gyprock (rock gypsum), a finely crystalline-textured, chemical sedimentary rock dominated by the mineral gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O - hydrous calcium sulfate). The light-colored layers are the gypsum. The dark brown layers are calcite (CaCO3 - calcium carbonate). Gyprock is an evaporite, which forms by the evaporation of water - usually seawater - and the precipitation of dissolved minerals. All the layers here were originally flat, straight, and horizontal. The fine-scale folding or crinkling formed during early Cenozoic structural deformation, not during an anhydrite-to-gypsum transformation (see Anderson & Kirkland, 1987).
Stratigraphy: Castile Formation, upper Upper Permian
Locality: State Line outcrop, roadcut on either side of Rt. 180/Rt. 62, between Carlsbad Caverns National Park and Guadalupe Mountains National Park, immediately north of the Texas border, southern Eddy County, southeastern New Mexico, USA (32° 00' 34.2" North latitude, 104° 29' 55.0" West longitude)
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Reference cited:
Anderson, R.Y. & D.W. Kirkland. 1987. Banded Castile evaporites, Delaware Basin, New Mexico. Rocky Mountain Section of the Geological Society of America, Centennial Field Guide Volume 2: 455-458.
Here's another angle on the plumbing access notch in the Sister wall. I love the clean line that now defines the basement wall in place of all the debris and deteriorating foundation wall.
What a difference. Do you like what you see? Contact Peak Structural at 303 243 3028 or www.peakstructural.com/
The lower portion of the center section has shelves for displaying the premier wines so that you can read their labels. The end sections have storage for odd shaped and oversized bottles.
If you want something high quality and really unique, send me a Flickrmail. I can ship in the lower 48 States (USA)
Original design. All rights reserved.
Once it is exactly in position (and the other end of the girder also lines up with its resting spot) the crane lowers the girder the last few inches and it's down!
National Botanic Garden of Wales, Llanarthne, Wales, UK
Sir Norman Foster designed the main glasshouse for the National Botanic Garden of Wales, which opened in 2000. The 95m greenhouse is the largest of its kind in the world, with 785 panels of glass. Steel structural ribs suspend panels of glass with a soft curvature similar to his Canary Wharf entrance. The bulb protrudes from the green grass like a futuristic mound. The relationship between man-made and natural takes a twist, on this site of man-made nature.
Set in rolling hills overlooking the Tywi Valley in Carmarthenshire, the Great Glasshouse forms the centrepiece of the 230-hectare National Botanic Garden of Wales. The largest single-span glasshouse in the world, containing more than a thousand Mediterranean plant species, it reinvents the glasshouse for the twenty-first century, offering a model for sustainable development.
Elliptical in plan the building swells from the ground like a glassy hillock, echoing the undulations of the surrounding landscape. The aluminium glazing system and its tubular-steel supporting structure are designed to minimise materials and maximise light transmission. The toroidal roof measures 99 by 55 metres, and rests on twenty-four arches, which spring from a concrete ring beam and rise to 15 metres at the apex of the dome. Because the roof curves in two directions, only the central arches rise perpendicular to the base, the outer arches leaning inwards at progressively steep angles. The building's concrete substructure is banked to the north to provide protection from cold northerly winds and is concealed by a covering of turf so that the three entrances appear to be cut discreetly into the hillside. Within this base are a public concourse, a café, educational spaces and service installations.
To optimise energy usage, conditions inside and outside are monitored by a computer-controlled system. This adjusts the supply of heat and opens glazing panels in the roof to achieve desired levels of temperature, humidity and air movement. The principal heat source is a biomass boiler, located in the park's Energy Centre, which burns timber trimmings. This method is remarkably clean when compared with fossil fuels, and because the plants absorb as much carbon dioxide during their lifetime as they release during combustion, the carbon cycle is broadly neutral. Rainwater collected from the roof supplies 'grey water' for irrigation and flushing lavatories while waste from the lavatories is treated in reed beds before release into a watercourse.
Facts + Figures
•Appointment: 1995
•Completion: 2000
•Area: 5,800m²
•Height: 14m
•Capacity: 40
•Client: National Botanic Garden of Wales
•Structural Engineer: Anthony Hunt Associates
•Quantity Surveyor: Symonds Ltd
•M+E Engineer: Max Fordham & Partners
•Additional Consultants: Gustafson Porter, Colvin and Moggridge
Once the girder is fully vertical, the crane lowers the block that supports the rigging that attaches to the bottom, center bracket. This allows the girder to be fully supported by the two lifting brackets that are anchored at the top flange.
This is an image of my Architectural Design 4 class model, which is made from wood, card board, steel rods, and iron cable. The project is about creating a Border Station between two imagined countries, each with contrasting ideologies, beliefs, and teachings. The design must also create harmony within contradiction. My two cases were Theism vs. Pantheism. The tall structure is called the 'Light Tower', were when light enters, it creates lighting effects that point to the sky. In this particular image, the steel-based structural system is shown, which consists of four main H beams at each corner, with diagonal steel cables and beam to prevent twisting and shearing movements.
Technical Information:
Camera - Panasonic DSLR DMC-L1
Exposure - 1/30sec at f/6.3
ISO - 100
Lens - Olympus Zuiko Digital 35mm f3.5 Macro
Focal Length - 35mm
Fliter - No
Teleconverter - No
Extension Tube - No
Flash - No
Tripod - No
Capture Time - 12:45pm
Ironworkers, who are also certified riggers, attach the top of the turnbuckle to the one end of the spreader beam.
The crane slowly lowers the girder, gradually moving it into the space below the steel H-beam where the edge of the girder will rest.
The turnbuckles are different lengths, because this girder is not an even, flat shape of girder. The rigging is all set up to lift the girder at the proper angle.
Once the top rigging is securely in place, the bracket is opened so that it can be pulled back from the girder and lifted away from this location.
First responders from across the country were in Virginia Beach for a massive structural collapse training exercise hosted by the Virginia Beach Fire Department and Virginia Task Force 2. The annual School was held at the sprawling complex of crawl spaces and staged disaster zones representing different scenarios – things first responders have seen and experienced first-hand. This course gives urban search and rescue teams a chance to practice their skills. More than 160 people took part in the hands-on training lasting for 8 days with students coming from as far as San Francisco, California, Texas, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Delaware.
Photographs by Craig McClure
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ALL Rights reserved by City of Virginia Beach.
Contact photo[at]vbgov.com for permission to use. Commercial use not allowed.
Autocad drafting india provides Model of cad drafting, Model of cad design, Models of Structural Framing.
These are the first two "drop-in" or closure girders delivered to the project. These girders are used to close the gap between Pier 6 and Pier 5, once all the knuckle girders are in place. This will take place over the railroad trestle, so we'll have to wait until the Norfolk Southern Railroad can schedule an outage for our work.
Here you can see the girder being centered in the slot between the timbers and then slowly moving toward the camera, so that the flange will sit on the smaller boards resting on top of the H-beam.
Structural analysis through structural detailer support reinforced cement concrete structures, wooden structures, deteriorated structures and steel truss girder.
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ALTUS AIR FORCE BASE, Okla. – Airmen from the 97th Civil Engineer Squadron, cut through a concrete slab during a structural collapse exercise at the Altus AFB training pit, Aug. 3, 2012. Members from the 97th CES fire department completed an advanced structural collapse exercise evaluation monitored by Tech-ResQ trainers to help stay current on training. The exercise simulated a collapsed building in which the firefighters had to cut holes in walls, floors and ceilings to access them. They also built shores to help support collapsing floors and ceilings. (U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Franklin R. Ramos)
A couple more shots today from the London Open House weekend archives, i'm surprised how many I took!
This was taken on the bridge opposite the entrance to the Porteus Road Underpass.
Our Specialist Precast division has an enviable reputation for service and technical expertise. From design through to manufacture they concentrate on producing high quality structural and non-structural elements, which provide best value for clients.
The only limit to the size of products Marshalls can produce is transportation or crane capacity. The design team provide structural designs and drawings which are process mapped from enquiry to invoice, to ensure on-site schedules are met.
* Special cover slabs
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For further information please call 01179 814500, email offsite@marshalls.co.uk or visit www.marshalls.co.uk/commercial/civils-and-drainage/water-...
Claremont House is a large, stone built former dwelling and outbuildings, standing in grounds of approximately 1.4 hectares off Storrs Bridge Lane. The building was last used as a social club for employees of the nearby Hepworths Refractories, but has been vacant for many years. It was built in 1895. Some of the outbuildings are in a derelict condition. The grounds, including a former car park and tennis court, have become overgrown and a substantial number of self-set trees and shrubs have colonised the site. The site has reverted to a semi-natural state, although some minor fly tipping has occurred.
It is the most unsafe building I have been in.