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Infographic about obesity in the U.S.
I found this infographic which details the latest statistics about obesity in the United States. You'll be shocked, just as I was when I saw the numbers. It's certainly clear that this is huge problem in the Unites States and measures to prevent it must be taken, and fast.
It was created by a weight loss center located in Los Angeles, it's called La Bariatrics and it's located at Marina Del Rey Hospital.
I'm sharing this under a CC attribute license. So the original source is: www.marinaweightloss.com/obesity/
Over the past two days four of my contacts have uploaded photographs highligting the crisis proportions rhino poaching (I call it murder) has reached in South Africa. Figures vary for 2012 - between 107 and 119 thus far - but even as I write this it's likely the figure will have gone up as more than one rhino a day is killed in South Africa alone. What a senseless, and always brutal, killing as the horn is made up of keratin and has no medicinal properties whatsoever. Take note, you out there having rhino horn, you may just as well chew your own fingernails....!
White rhino, Kruger National Park. As of December 2011 rhino sightings are no longer posted on information maps and notice boards in the Kruger National Park and other wildlife parks.
The indifference, callousness and contempt that so many people exhibit toward animals is evil first because it results in great suffering in animals, and second because it results in an incalculably great impoverishment of the human spirit. ~ Ashley Montagu
This photograph and all others on my photostream are protected by copyright and may not be used on any site, blog or forum without my permission.
According to Cyber bullying statistics from the i-SAFE foundation, over half of adolescents and teens have been bullied online, and about the same number have engaged in cyber bullying.
www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/cyber-bullying-statist...
This image was taken from
kootation.com/lot-of-suicides-lately-has-been-due-to-bull...
Bangkok (English pronunciation: /ˈbæŋkɒk/) is the capital and most populous city of Thailand. It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (กรุงเทพมหานคร, pronounced [krūŋ tʰêːp mahǎː nákʰɔ̄ːn] or simply Krung Thep. The city occupies 1,568.7 square kilometres (605.7 sq mi) in the Chao Phraya River delta in Central Thailand, and has a population of over 8 million, or 12.6 percent of the country's population. Over 14 million people (22.2 percent) live within the surrounding Bangkok Metropolitan Region, making Bangkok an extreme primate city, significantly dwarfing Thailand's other urban centres in terms of importance.
Bangkok traces its roots to a small trading post during the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the 15th century, which eventually grew and became the site of two capital cities: Thonburi in 1768 and Rattanakosin in 1782. Bangkok was at the heart of the modernization of Siam - later renamed Thailand - during the late 19th century, as the country faced pressures from the West. The city was at the centre of Thailand's political struggles throughout the 20th century, as the country abolished absolute monarchy, adopted constitutional rule and underwent numerous coups and several uprisings. The city grew rapidly during the 1960s through the 1980s and now exerts a significant impact on Thailand's politics, economy, education, media and modern society.
The Asian investment boom in the 1980s and 1990s led many multinational corporations to locate their regional headquarters in Bangkok. The city is now a major regional force in finance and business. It is an international hub for transport and health care, and has emerged as a regional centre for the arts, fashion and entertainment. The city is well known for its vibrant street life and cultural landmarks, as well as its notorious red-light districts. The historic Grand Palace and Buddhist temples including Wat Arun and Wat Pho stand in contrast with other tourist attractions such as the nightlife scenes of Khaosan Road and Patpong. Bangkok is among the world's top tourist destinations. It is named the most visited city in MasterCard's Global Destination Cities Index, and was named "World's Best City" for four consecutive years by Travel + Leisure magazine.
Bangkok's rapid growth amidst little urban planning and regulation has resulted in a haphazard cityscape and inadequate infrastructure systems. Limited roads, despite an extensive expressway network, together with substantial private car usage, have led to chronic and crippling traffic congestion, which caused severe air pollution in the 1990s. The city has since turned to public transport in an attempt to solve this major problem. Five rapid transit lines are now in operation, with more systems under construction or planned by the national government and the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration.
HISTORY
The history of Bangkok dates at least back to the early 15th century, when it was a village on the west bank of the Chao Phraya River, under the rule of Ayutthaya. Because of its strategic location near the mouth of the river, the town gradually increased in importance. Bangkok initially served as a customs outpost with forts on both sides of the river, and became the site of a siege in 1688 in which the French were expelled from Siam. After the fall of Ayutthaya to the Burmese Empire in 1767, the newly declared King Taksin established his capital at the town, which became the base of the Thonburi Kingdom. In 1782, King Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I) succeeded Taksin, moved the capital to the eastern bank's Rattanakosin Island, thus founding the Rattanakosin Kingdom. The City Pillar was erected on 21 April, which is regarded as the date of foundation of the present city.
Bangkok's economy gradually expanded through busy international trade, first with China, then with Western merchants returning in the early-to-mid 19th century. As the capital, Bangkok was the centre of Siam's modernization as it faced pressure from Western powers in the late 19th century. The reigns of Kings Mongkut (Rama IV, 1851–68) and Chulalongkorn (Rama V, 1868–1910) saw the introduction of the steam engine, printing press, rail transport and utilities infrastructure in the city, as well as formal education and healthcare. Bangkok became the centre stage for power struggles between the military and political elite as the country abolished absolute monarchy in 1932. It was subject to Japanese occupation and Allied bombing during World War II, but rapidly grew in the post-war period as a result of United States developmental aid and government-sponsored investment. Bangkok's role as an American military R&R destination boosted its tourism industry as well as firmly establishing it as a sex tourism destination. Disproportionate urban development led to increasing income inequalities and unprecedented migration from rural areas into Bangkok; its population surged from 1.8 to 3 million in the 1960s. Following the United States' withdrawal from Vietnam in 1973, Japanese businesses took over as leaders in investment, and the expansion of export-oriented manufacturing led to growth of the financial market in Bangkok. Rapid growth of the city continued through the 1980s and early 1990s, until it was stalled by the 1997 Asian financial crisis. By then, many public and social issues had emerged, among them the strain on infrastructure reflected in the city's notorious traffic jams. Bangkok's role as the nation's political stage continues to be seen in strings of popular protests, from the student uprisings in 1973 and 1976, anti-military demonstrations in 1992, and successive anti-government demonstrations by the "Yellow Shirt", "Red Shirt" and "Light blue Shirt" movements from 2008 onwards.
Administration of the city was first formalized by King Chulalongkorn in 1906, with the establishment of Monthon Krung Thep Phra Maha Nakhon (มณฑลกรุงเทพพระมหานคร) as a national subdivision. In 1915 the monthon was split into several provinces, the administrative boundaries of which have since further changed. The city in its current form was created in 1972 with the formation of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA), following the merger of Phra Nakhon Province on the eastern bank of the Chao Phraya and Thonburi Province on the west during the previous year.
NAME
The etymology of the name Bangkok (บางกอก, pronounced in Thai as [bāːŋ kɔ̀ːk] is not absolutely clear. Bang is a Thai word meaning "a village situated on a stream", and the name might have been derived from Bang Ko (บางเกาะ), ko meaning "island", a reference to the area's landscape which was carved by rivers and canals. Another theory suggests that it is shortened from Bang Makok (บางมะกอก), makok being the name of Elaeocarpus hygrophilus, a plant bearing olive-like fruit.[a] This is supported by the fact that Wat Arun, a historic temple in the area, used to be named Wat Makok. Officially, however, the town was known as Thonburi Si Mahasamut (ธนบุรีศรีมหาสมุทร, from Pali and Sanskrit, literally "city of treasures gracing the ocean") or Thonburi, according to Ayutthaya chronicles. Bangkok was likely a colloquial name, albeit one widely adopted by foreign visitors, whose continued use of the name finally resulted in it being officially adopted with the creation of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration.
When King Rama I established his new capital on the river's eastern bank, the city inherited Ayutthaya's ceremonial name, of which there were many variants, including Krung Thep Thawarawadi Si Ayutthaya (กรุงเทพทวารวดีศรีอยุธยา) and Krung Thep Maha Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (กรุงเทพมหานครศรีอยุธยา). Edmund Roberts, visiting the city as envoy of the United States in 1833, noted that the city, since becoming capital, was known as Sia-Yut'hia, and this is the name used in international treaties of the period. Today, the city is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (กรุงเทพมหานคร) or simply as Krung Thep (กรุงเทพฯ). Its full ceremonial name, which came into use during the reign of King Mongkut, reads as follows:
Krungthepmahanakhon Amonrattanakosin Mahintharayutthaya Mahadilokphop Noppharatratchathaniburirom Udomratchaniwetmahasathan Amonphimanawatansathit Sakkathattiyawitsanukamprasit
กรุงเทพมหานคร อมรรัตนโกสินทร์ มหินทรายุธยา มหาดิลกภพ นพรัตนราชธานีบูรีรมย์ อุดมราชนิเวศน์มหาสถาน อมรพิมานอวตารสถิต สักกะทัตติยวิษณุกรรมประสิทธิ์
The name, composed of Pali and Sanskrit root words, translates as:
City of angels, great city of immortals, magnificent city of the nine gems, seat of the king, city of royal palaces, home of gods incarnate, erected by Vishvakarman at Indra's behest.
The name is listed in Guinness World Records as the world's longest place name, at 168 letters. Thai school children are taught the full name, although few can explain its meaning as many of the words are archaic, and known to few. Most Thais who recall the full name do so because of its use in a popular song, "Krung Thep Maha Nakhon" (1989) by Asanee–Wasan and will often recount it by singing it, much as an English speaker might sing the alphabet song to recite the alphabet. The entirety of the lyrics is just the name of the city repeated over and over.
GOVERNMENT
The city of Bangkok is locally governed by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA). Although its boundaries are at the provincial (changwat) level, unlike the other 76 provinces Bangkok is a special administrative area whose governor is directly elected to serve a four-year term. The governor, together with four appointed deputies, form the executive body, who implement policies through the BMA civil service headed by the Permanent Secretary for the BMA. In separate elections, each district elects one or more city councillors, who form the Bangkok Metropolitan Council. The council is the BMA's legislative body, and has power over municipal ordinances and the city's budget. However, after the coup of 2014 all local elections have been cancelled and the council has been appointed by government on September 15 2014. The current Bangkok Governor is Police General Aswin Kwanmuang, who was appointed by the military government on October 26 following the suspension of the last elected governor M.R. Sukhumbhand Paribatra.
Bangkok is subdivided into fifty districts (khet, equivalent to amphoe in the other provinces), which are further subdivided into 169 subdistricts (khwaeng, equivalent to tambon). Each district is managed by a district director appointed by the governor. District councils, elected to four-year terms, serve as advisory bodies to their respective district directors.
The BMA is divided into sixteen departments, each overseeing different aspects of the administration's responsibilities. Most of these responsibilities concern the city's infrastructure, and include city planning, building control, transportation, drainage, waste management and city beautification, as well as education, medical and rescue services. Many of these services are provided jointly with other agencies. The BMA has the authority to implement local ordinances, although civil law enforcement falls under the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Police Bureau.
The seal of the city shows Hindu god Indra riding in the clouds on Airavata, a divine white elephant known in Thai as Erawan. In his hand Indra holds his weapon, the vajra.[19] The seal is based on a painting done by Prince Naris. The tree symbol of Bangkok is Ficus benjamina. The official city slogan, adopted in 2012, reads:
As built by deities, the administrative center, dazzling palaces and temples, the capital of Thailand
กรุงเทพฯ ดุจเทพสร้าง เมืองศูนย์กลางการปกครอง วัดวังงามเรืองรอง เมืองหลวงของประเทศไทย
As the capital of Thailand, Bangkok is the seat of all branches of the national government. The Government House, Parliament House and Supreme, Administrative and Constitutional Courts are all located within the city. Bangkok is the site of the Grand Palace and Chitralada Villa, respectively the official and de facto residence of the king. Most government ministries also have headquarters and offices in the capital.
GEOGRAPHY
The Bangkok city proper covers an area of 1,568.737 square kilometres, ranking 69th among the other 76 provinces of Thailand. Of this, about 700 square kilometres form the built-up urban area. It is ranked 73rd in the world in terms of land area by City Mayors. The city's urban sprawl reaches into parts of the six other provinces it borders, namely, in clockwise order from northwest: Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Chachoengsao, Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon and Nakhon Pathom. With the exception of Chachoengsao, these provinces, together with Bangkok, form the greater Bangkok Metropolitan Region.
PARKS AND GREEN ZONES
Bangkok has several parks, although these amount to a per-capita total park area of only 1.82 square metres in the city proper. Total green space for the entire city is moderate, at 11.8 square metres per person; however, in the more densely built-up areas of the city these numbers are as low as 1.73 and 0.72 square metres per person. More recent numbers claim that there is only 3.3 m2 of green space per person, compared to an average of 39 m2 in other cities across Asia. Bangkokians thus have 10 times less green space than is standard in the region's urban areas. Green belt areas include about 700 square kilometres of rice paddies and orchards in the eastern and western edges of the city proper, although their primary purpose is to serve as flood detention basins rather than to limit urban expansion. Bang Kachao, a 20-square-kilometre conservation area in an oxbow of the Chao Phraya, lies just across the southern riverbank districts, in Samut Prakan Province. A master development plan has been proposed to increase total park area to 4 square metres per person.
Bangkok's largest parks include the centrally located Lumphini Park near the Si Lom – Sathon business district with an area of 57.6 hectares, the 80-hectare Suanluang Rama IX in the east of the city, and the Chatuchak–Queen Sirikit–Wachirabenchathat park complex in northern Bangkok, which has a combined area of 92 hectares.
DEMOGRAPHY
The city of Bangkok has a population of 8,280,925 according to the 2010 census, or 12.6 percent of the national population. However, there are only 5,692,284 registered residents, belonging to 2,672,423 households. A large number of Bangkok's daytime population commutes from surrounding provinces in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, the total population of which is 14,565,547. Bangkok is a cosmopolitan city; the census showed that it is home to 81,570 Japanese and 55,893 Chinese nationals, as well as 117,071 expatriates from other Asian countries, 48,341 from Europe, 23,418 from the Americas, 5,289 from Australia and 3,022 from Africa. Immigrants from neighbouring countries include 303,595 Burmese, 63,438 Cambodians and 18,126 Lao.
Although it has been Thailand's largest population centre since its establishment as capital city in 1782, Bangkok grew only slightly throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries. British diplomat John Crawfurd, visiting in 1822, estimated its population at no more than 50,000. As a result of Western medicine brought by missionaries as well as increased immigration from both within Siam and overseas, Bangkok's population gradually increased as the city modernized in the late 19th century. This growth became even more pronounced in the 1930s, following the discovery of antibiotics. Although family planning and birth control was introduced in the 1960s, the lowered birth rate was more than offset by increased migration from the provinces as economic expansion accelerated. Only in the 1990s have Bangkok's population growth rates decreased, following the national rate. Thailand had long since become highly centralized around the capital. In 1980, Bangkok's population was fifty-one times that of Hat Yai and Songkhla, the second-largest urban centre, making it the world's most prominent primate city.
The majority of Bangkok's population are of Thai ethnicity,[d] although details on the city's ethnic make-up are unavailable, as the national census does not document race.[e] Bangkok's cultural pluralism dates back to the early days of its foundation; several ethnic communities were formed by immigrants and forced settlers including the Khmer, Northern Thai, Lao, Vietnamese, Tavoyan, Mon and Malay. Most prominent were the Chinese, who played major roles in the city's trade and became the majority of Bangkok's population - estimates include up to three-fourths in 1828 and almost half in the 1950s. However, Chinese immigration was restricted from the 1930s and effectively ceased after the Chinese Revolution in 1949. Their prominence subsequently declined as most of younger generations of Thai Chinese have integrated and adopted a Thai identity. Bangkok is still nevertheless home to a large Chinese community, with the greatest concentration in Yaowarat, Bangkok's Chinatown. The majority (91 percent) of the city's population is Buddhist. Other religions include Islam (4.7%), Christianity (2.0%), Hinduism (0.5%), Sikhism (0.1%) and Confucianism (0.1%).
Apart from Yaowarat, Bangkok also has several other distinct ethnic neighbourhoods. The Indian community is centred in Phahurat, where the Gurdwara Siri Guru Singh Sabha, founded in 1933, is located. Ban Khrua on Saen Saep Canal is home to descendants of the Cham who settled in the late 18th century. Although the Portuguese who settled during the Thonburi period have ceased to exist as a distinct community, their past is reflected in Santa Kruz Church, on the west bank of the river. Likewise, the Assumption Cathedral on Charoen Krung Road is among many European-style buildings in the Old Farang Quarter, where European diplomats and merchants lived during the late 19th to early 20th centuries. Nearby, the Haroon Mosque is the centre of a Muslim community. Newer expatriate communities exist along Sukhumvit Road, including the Japanese community near Soi Phrom Phong and Soi Thong Lo, and the Arab and North African neighbourhood along Soi Nana. Sukhumvit Plaza, a mall on Soi Sukhumvit 12, is popularly known as Korea Town.
ECONOMY
Bangkok is the economic centre of Thailand, and the heart of the country's investment and development. In 2010, the city had an economic output of 3.142 trillion baht (98.34 billion US dollars), contributing 29.1 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP). This amounted to a per-capita GDP value of ฿456,911 ($14,301), almost three times the national average of ฿160,556 ($5,025). The Bangkok Metropolitan Region had a combined output of ฿4.773tn ($149.39bn), or 44.2 percent of GDP. Bangkok's economy ranks as the sixth among Asian cities in terms of per-capita GDP, after Singapore, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Osaka–Kobe and Seoul.
Wholesale and retail trade is the largest sector in the city's economy, contributing 24.0 percent of Bangkok's gross provincial product. It is followed by manufacturing (14.3%); real estate, renting and business activities (12.4%); transport and communications (11.6%); and financial intermediation (11.1%). Bangkok alone accounts for 48.4 percent of Thailand's service sector, which in turn constitutes 49.0 percent of GDP. When the Bangkok Metropolitan Region is considered, manufacturing is the most significant contributor at 28.2 percent of the gross regional product, reflecting the density of industry in the Bangkok's neighbouring provinces. The automotive industry based around Greater Bangkok is the largest production hub in Southeast Asia. Tourism is also a significant contributor to Bangkok's economy, generating ฿427.5bn ($13.38bn) in revenue in 2010.
The Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) is located on Ratchadaphisek Road in inner Bangkok. The SET, together with the Market for Alternative Investment (mai) has 648 listed companies as of the end of 2011, with a combined market capitalization of 8.485 trillion baht ($267.64bn). Due to the large amount of foreign representation, Thailand has for several years been a mainstay of the Southeast Asian economy and a centre of Asian business. The Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranks Bangkok as an "Alpha−" world city, and it is ranked 59th in Z/Yen's Global Financial Centres Index 11.
Bangkok is home to the headquarters of all of Thailand's major commercial banks and financial institutions, as well as the country's largest companies. A large number of multinational corporations base their regional headquarters in Bangkok due to the lower cost of the workforce and firm operations relative to other major Asian business centres. Seventeen Thai companies are listed on the Forbes 2000, all of which are based in the capital, including PTT, the only Fortune Global 500 company in Thailand.
Income inequality is a major issue in Bangkok, especially between relatively unskilled lower-income immigrants from rural provinces and neighbouring countries, and middle-class professionals and business elites. Although absolute poverty rates are low - only 0.64 percent of Bangkok's registered residents were living under the poverty line in 2010, compared to a national average of 7.75 - economic disparity is still substantial. The city has a Gini coefficient of 0.48, indicating a high level of inequality.
CULTURE
The culture of Bangkok reflects its position as Thailand's centre of wealth and modernisation. The city has long been the portal of entry of Western concepts and material goods, which have been adopted and blended with Thai values to various degrees by its residents. This is most evident in the lifestyles of the expanding middle class. Conspicuous consumption serves as a display of economic and social status, and shopping centres are popular weekend hangouts. Ownership of electronics and consumer products such as mobile phones is ubiquitous. This has been accompanied by a degree of secularism, as religion's role in everyday life has rather diminished. Although such trends have spread to other urban centres, and, to a degree, the countryside, Bangkok remains at the forefront of social change.
A distinct feature of Bangkok is the ubiquity of street vendors selling goods ranging from food items to clothing and accessories. It has been estimated that the city may have over 100,000 hawkers. While the BMA has authorised the practice in 287 sites, the majority of activity in another 407 sites takes place illegally. Although they take up pavement space and block pedestrian traffic, many of the city's residents depend on these vendors for their meals, and the BMA's efforts to curb their numbers have largely been unsuccessful.
In 2015, however, the BMA, with support from the National Council for Peace and Order (Thailand's ruling military junta), began cracking down on street vendors in a bid to reclaim public space. Many famous market neighbourhoods were affected, including Khlong Thom, Saphan Lek, and the flower market at Pak Khlong Talat. Nearly 15,000 vendors were evicted from 39 public areas in 2016. While some applauded the efforts to focus on pedestrian rights, others have expressed concern that gentrification would lead to the loss of the city's character and adverse changes to people's way of life.
FESTIVALS AND EVENTS
The residents of Bangkok celebrate many of Thailand's annual festivals. During Songkran on 13–15 April, traditional rituals as well as water fights take place throughout the city. Loi Krathong, usually in November, is accompanied by the Golden Mount Fair. New Year celebrations take place at many venues, the most prominent being the plaza in front of CentralWorld. Observances related to the royal family are held primarily in Bangkok. Wreaths are laid at King Chulalongkorn's equestrian statue in the Royal Plaza on 23 October, which is King Chulalongkorn Memorial Day. The present king's and queen's birthdays, respectively on 5 December and 12 August, are marked as Thailand's national Father's Day and national Mother's Day. These national holidays are celebrated by royal audiences on the day's eve, in which the king or queen gives a speech, and public gatherings on the day of the observance. The king's birthday is also marked by the Royal Guards' parade.
Sanam Luang is the site of the Thai Kite, Sport and Music Festival, usually held in March, and the Royal Ploughing Ceremony which takes place in May. The Red Cross Fair at the beginning of April is held at Suan Amporn and the Royal Plaza, and features numerous booths offering goods, games and exhibits. The Chinese New Year (January–February) and Vegetarian Festival (September–October) are celebrated widely by the Chinese community, especially in Yaowarat.
TRANSPORT
Although Bangkok's canals historically served as a major mode of transport, they have long since been surpassed in importance by land traffic. Charoen Krung Road, the first to be built by Western techniques, was completed in 1864. Since then, the road network has vastly expanded to accommodate the sprawling city. A complex elevated expressway network helps bring traffic into and out of the city centre, but Bangkok's rapid growth has put a large strain on infrastructure, and traffic jams have plagued the city since the 1990s. Although rail transport was introduced in 1893 and electric trams served the city from 1894 to 1968, it was only in 1999 that Bangkok's first rapid transit system began operation. Older public transport systems include an extensive bus network and boat services which still operate on the Chao Phraya and two canals. Taxis appear in the form of cars, motorcycles, and "tuk-tuk" auto rickshaws.
Bangkok is connected to the rest of the country through the national highway and rail networks, as well as by domestic flights to and from the city's two international airports. Its centuries-old maritime transport of goods is still conducted through Khlong Toei Port.
The BMA is largely responsible for overseeing the construction and maintenance of the road network and transport systems through its Public Works Department and Traffic and Transportation Department. However, many separate government agencies are also in charge of the individual systems, and much of transport-related policy planning and funding is contributed to by the national government.
ROADS
Road-based transport is the primary mode of travel in Bangkok. Due to the city's organic development, its streets do not follow an organized grid structure. Forty-eight major roads link the different areas of the city, branching into smaller streets and lanes (soi) which serve local neighbourhoods. Eleven bridges over the Chao Phraya link the two sides of the city, while several expressway and motorway routes bring traffic into and out of the city centre and link with nearby provinces.
Bangkok's rapid growth in the 1980s resulted in sharp increases in vehicle ownership and traffic demand, which have since continued - in 2006 there were 3,943,211 in-use vehicles in Bangkok, of which 37.6 percent were private cars and 32.9 percent were motorcycles. These increases, in the face of limited carrying capacity, caused severe traffic congestion evident by the early 1990s. The extent of the problem is such that the Thai Traffic Police has a unit of officers trained in basic midwifery in order to assist deliveries which do not reach hospital in time. While Bangkok's limited road surface area (8 percent, compared to 20–30 percent in most Western cities) is often cited as a major cause of its traffic jams, other factors, including high vehicle ownership rate relative to income level, inadequate public transport systems, and lack of transportation demand management, also play a role. Efforts to alleviate the problem have included the construction of intersection bypasses and an extensive system of elevated highways, as well as the creation of several new rapid transit systems. The city's overall traffic conditions, however, remain bad.
Traffic has been the main source of air pollution in Bangkok, which reached serious levels in the 1990s. However, efforts to improve air quality by improving fuel quality and enforcing emission standards, among others, have been largely successful. Atmospheric particulate matter levels dropped from 81 micrograms per cubic metre in 1997 to 43 in 2007.
Although the BMA has created thirty signed bicycle routes along several roads totalling 230 kilometres, cycling is still largely impractical, especially in the city centre. Most of these bicycle lanes share the pavement with pedestrians. Poor surface maintenance, encroachment by hawkers and street vendors, and a hostile environment for cyclists and pedestrians, make cycling and walking unpopular methods of getting around in Bangkok.
BUSES AND TAXIS
Bangkok has an extensive bus network providing local transit services within the Greater Bangkok area. The Bangkok Mass Transit Authority (BMTA) operates a monopoly on bus services, with substantial concessions granted to private operators. Buses, minibus vans, and song thaeo operate on a total of 470 routes throughout the region. A separate bus rapid transit system owned by the BMA has been in operation since 2010. Known simply as the BRT, the system currently consists of a single line running from the business district at Sathon to Ratchaphruek on the western side of the city. The Transport Co., Ltd. is the BMTA's long-distance counterpart, with services to all provinces operating out of Bangkok.
Taxis are ubiquitous in Bangkok, and are a popular form of transport. As of August 2012, there are 106,050 cars, 58,276 motorcycles and 8,996 tuk-tuk motorized tricycles cumulatively registered for use as taxis. Meters have been required for car taxis since 1992, while tuk-tuk fares are usually negotiated. Motorcycle taxis operate from regulated ranks, with either fixed or negotiable fares, and are usually employed for relatively short journeys.
Despite their popularity, taxis have gained a bad reputation for often refusing passengers when the requested route is not to the driver's convenience. Motorcycle taxis were previously unregulated, and subject to extortion by organized crime gangs. Since 2003, registration has been required for motorcycle taxi ranks, and drivers now wear distinctive numbered vests designating their district of registration and where they are allowed to accept passengers.
RAIL SYSTEMS
Bangkok is the location of Hua Lamphong Railway Station, the main terminus of the national rail network operated by the State Railway of Thailand (SRT). In addition to long-distance services, the SRT also operates a few daily commuter trains running from and to the outskirts of the city during the rush hour.
Bangkok is currently served by three rapid transit systems: the BTS Skytrain, the underground MRT and the elevated Airport Rail Link. Although proposals for the development of rapid transit in Bangkok had been made since 1975, it was only in 1999 that the BTS finally began operation.
The BTS consists of two lines, Sukhumvit and Silom, with thirty stations along 30.95 kilometres. The MRT opened for use in July 2004, and currently consists of two line, the Blue Line and Purple Line. The Airport Rail Link, opened in August 2010, connects the city centre to Suvarnabhumi Airport to the east. Its eight stations span a distance of 28 kilometres.
Although initial passenger numbers were low and their service area remains limited to the inner city, these systems have become indispensable to many commuters. The BTS reported an average of 600,000 daily trips in 2012, while the MRT had 240,000 passenger trips per day.
As of 2016, construction work is ongoing to extend BTS and MRT, as well as several additional transit lines, including the Light Red grade-separated commuter rail line. The entire Mass Rapid Transit Master Plan in Bangkok Metropolitan Region consists of eight main lines and four feeder lines totalling 508 kilometres to be completed by 2029. In addition to rapid transit and heavy rail lines, there have been proposals for several monorail systems.
WATER TRANSPORT
Although much diminished from its past prominence, water-based transport still plays an important role in Bangkok and the immediate upstream and downstream provinces. Several water buses serve commuters daily. The Chao Phraya Express Boat serves thirty-four stops along the river, carrying an average of 35,586 passengers per day in 2010, while the smaller Khlong Saen Saep boat service serves twenty-seven stops on Saen Saep Canal with 57,557 daily passengers. Long-tail boats operate on fifteen regular routes on the Chao Phraya, and passenger ferries at thirty-two river crossings served an average of 136,927 daily passengers in 2010.
Bangkok Port, popularly known by its location as Khlong Toei Port, was Thailand's main international port from its opening in 1947 until it was superseded by the deep-sea Laem Chabang Port in 1991. It is primarily a cargo port, though its inland location limits access to ships of 12,000 deadweight tonnes or less. The port handled 11,936,855 tonnes of cargo in the first eight months of the 2010 fiscal year, about 22 percent the total of the country's international ports.
AIRPORTS
Bangkok is one of Asia's busiest air transport hubs. Two commercial airports serve the city, the older Don Mueang International Airport and the new Bangkok International Airport, commonly known as Suvarnabhumi. Suvarnabhumi, which replaced Don Mueang as Bangkok's main airport at its opening in 2006, served 52,808,013 passengers in 2015, making it the world's 20th busiest airport by passenger volume. This amount of traffic is already over its designed capacity of 45 million passengers. Don Mueang reopened for domestic flights in 2007, and resumed international services focusing on low-cost carriers in October 2012. Suvarnabhumi is undergoing expansion to increase its capacity to 60 million, which is expected to be completed by 2016.
HEALTH AND EDUCATION
EDUCATION
Bangkok has long been the centre of modern education in Thailand. The first schools in the country were established here in the later 19th century, and there are now 1,351 schools in the city. The city is home to the country's five oldest universities, Chulalongkorn, Thammasat, Kasetsart, Mahidol and Silpakorn, founded between 1917 and 1943. The city has since continued its dominance, especially in higher education; the majority of the country's universities, both public and private, are located in Bangkok or the Metropolitan Region. Chulalongkorn and Mahidol are the only Thai universities to appear in the top 500 of the QS World University Rankings. King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, also located in Bangkok, is the only Thai university in the top 400 of the 2012–13 Times Higher Education World University Rankings.
Over the past few decades the general trend of pursuing a university degree has prompted the founding of new universities to meet the needs of Thai students. Bangkok became not only a place where immigrants and provincial Thais go for job opportunities, but also for a chance to receive a university degree. Ramkhamhaeng University emerged in 1971 as Thailand's first open university; it now has the highest enrolment in the country. The demand for higher education has led to the founding of many other universities and colleges, both public and private. While many universities have been established in major provinces, the Greater Bangkok region remains home to the greater majority of institutions, and the city's tertiary education scene remains over-populated with non-Bangkokians. The situation is not limited to higher education, either. In the 1960s, 60 to 70 percent of 10- to 19-year-olds who were in school had migrated to Bangkok for secondary education. This was due to both a lack of secondary schools in the provinces and perceived higher standards of education in the capital. Although this discrepancy has since largely abated, tens of thousands of students still compete for places in Bangkok's leading schools. Education has long been a prime factor in the centralization of Bangkok and will play a vital role in the government's efforts to decentralize the country.
HEALTHCARE
Much of Thailand's medical resources are disproportionately concentrated in the capital. In 2000, Bangkok had 39.6 percent of the country's doctors and a physician-to-population ratio of 1:794, compared to a median of 1:5,667 among all provinces. The city is home to 42 public hospitals, five of which are university hospitals, as well as 98 private hospitals and 4,063 registered clinics. The BMA operates nine public hospitals through its Medical Service Department, and its Health Department provides primary care through sixty-eight community health centres. Thailand's universal healthcare system is implemented through public hospitals and health centres as well as participating private providers.
Research-oriented medical school affiliates such as Siriraj, King Chulalongkorn Memorial and Ramathibodi Hospitals are among the largest in the country, and act as tertiary care centres, receiving referrals from distant parts of the country. Lately, especially in the private sector, there has been much growth in medical tourism, with hospitals such as Bumrungrad and Bangkok Hospital, among others, providing services specifically catering to foreigners. An estimated 200,000 medical tourists visited Thailand in 2011, making Bangkok the most popular global destination for medical tourism.
CRIME AND SAFETY
Bangkok has a relatively moderate crime rate when compared to urban counterparts around the world.[119] Traffic accidents are a major hazard, while natural disasters are rare. Intermittent episodes of political unrest and occasional terrorist attacks have resulted in losses of life.
Although the crime threat in Bangkok is relatively low, non-confrontational crimes of opportunity such as pick-pocketing, purse-snatching, and credit card fraud occur with frequency. Bangkok's growth since the 1960s has been followed by increasing crime rates partly driven by urbanisation, migration, unemployment and poverty. By the late 1980s, Bangkok's crime rates were about four times that of the rest of the country. The police have long been preoccupied with street crimes ranging from housebreaking to assault and murder. The 1990s saw the emergence of vehicle theft and organized crime, particularly by foreign gangs. Drug trafficking, especially that of ya ba methamphetamine pills, is also chronic.
According to police statistics, the most common complaint received by the Metropolitan Police Bureau in 2010 was housebreaking, with 12,347 cases. This was followed by 5,504 cases of motorcycle thefts, 3,694 cases of assault and 2,836 cases of embezzlement. Serious offences included 183 murders, 81 gang robberies, 265 robberies, 1 kidnapping and 9 arson cases. Offences against the state were by far more common, and included 54,068 drug-related cases, 17,239 cases involving prostitution and 8,634 related to gambling. The Thailand Crime Victim Survey conducted by the Office of Justice Affairs of the Ministry of Justice found that 2.7 percent of surveyed households reported a member being victim of a crime in 2007. Of these, 96.1 percent were crimes against property, 2.6 percent were crimes against life and body, and 1.4 percent were information-related crimes.
Political demonstrations and protests are common in Bangkok. While most events since 1992 had been peaceful, the series of protests alternately staged by the Yellow Shirts and Red Shirts since 2006 have often turned violent. Red Shirt demonstrations during March–May 2010 ended in a crackdown in which 92 were killed, including armed and unarmed protesters, security forces, civilians and journalists. Terrorist incidents have also occurred in Bangkok, most notably the 2015 Bangkok bombing at the Erawan shrine, and also a series of bombings on the 2006–07 New Year's Eve.
WIKIPEDIA
I have yet to calculate how many hours and dollars went into producing this yet-incomplete graph. Meaningless to anybody besides me but satisfying to look at none the less.
There are 15 web pages listing Ottawa, Gatineau & area half marathoners. This web page lists the area half-marathoners who have first names starting with a Golmain to Jean-Sebastien.
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For the names of the other half-marathon runners, go to the set called "Ottawa-area Half-marathoners" which has links to the full directory of names i.e., all 15 web pages.
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To access race statistics AND pictures (if available), first click on this Sportstats’ link and enter the runner's last and first names, and then click on Search.
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The names are derived from the following half-marathon races:
i) 2010 Canada Army Run (link for photos only)
ii) 2010 Ottawa Fall Colours (link for photos only)
iii) 2010 Nine Run Run (link for photos only)
iv) 2011 Winterman (link for photos only)
v) 2011 Ottawa Race Weekend (link for photos only)
vi) 2011 Canada Army Run (link for photos only)
vii) 2011 Scotiabank Waterfront (link for photos only)
The pictures are available for sale from ASI Photos, Zoom Photo, etc.
---------------------------------
(list no. 6, in order by first name)
1….Golmain Percy….Ottawa….M40-49
2….Gord Baldwin….Ottawa….M50-59
3….Gord Coulson….Ottawa….M45-49
4….Gord Fairbourn….Brockville….M45-49
5….Gord Larose….Ottawa….M50-59
6….Gordon Colquhoun….Dunrobin….M50-59
7….Gordon Guisti….Stittsville….M45-49
8….Gordon Josephson….Ottawa….M40-49
9….Gordon McGillivray….Ottawa….M35-39
10….Gordon Tait….Nepean….M25-29
11….Grace Cameron….Ottawa….F40-49
12….Grace Campbell….Gatineau….F30-34
13….Grace Harju….Ottawa….F20-29
14….Grace Howland….Ottawa….F40-49
15….Graeme Hamilton….Ottawa….M30-39
16….Graeme Lind….Ottawa….M25-29
17….Graeme Wardlaw….Ottawa….M35-39
18….Graham Acreman….Ottawa….M45-49
19….Graham Ellis….Kemptville….M50-54
20….Graham Frank….Ottawa….M35-39
21….Graham Lister….Ottawa….M40-49
22….Graham Schuler….Ottawa….M30-39
23….Graham Stonebridge….Carp….M20-24
24….Graham Thatcher….Ottawa….M30-39
25….Graig Halpin….Ottawa….M30-39
26….Grant Armstrong….Ottawa….M40-49
27….Grant Boland….Ottawa….M35-39
28….Grant Collier….Gatineau….M30-39
29….Grant Lowe….Kemptville….M50-59
30….Grant Macleod….Ottawa….M40-49
31….Grant Stewart….Ottawa….M35-39
32….Graydon Simmons….Ottawa….M20-24
33….Grayson Lafoley….Ottawa….M30-39
34….Graziella Panuccio….Ottawa….F20-29
35….Greg Artichuk….Ottawa….M40-49
36….Greg Beattie….Petawawa….M40-49
37….Greg Beliveau….Orleans….M30-39
38….Greg Billyard….Nepean….M40-49
39….Greg Brockmann….Ottawa….M40-49
40….Greg Carreau….Ottawa….M30-39
41….Greg Dow….Kanata….M50-59
42….Greg Fergus….Gatineau….M40-44
43….Greg Fulford….Kanata….M40-44
44….Greg Godsell….Ottawa….M30-39
45….Greg Haspect….Ottawa….M30-39
46….Greg Hunter….Richmond….M35-39
47….Greg Hussack….Ottawa….M30-34
48….Greg Klump….Ottawa….M40-49
49….Greg Layhew….Kanata….M60-69
50….Greg Levesque….Winchester….M25-29
51….Greg Loos….Greely….M40-49
52….Greg Macdougall….Ottawa….M40-49
53….Greg Marchand….Ottawa….M20-24
54….Greg Mark….Deep River….M60-69
55….Greg Marshall….Ottawa….M30-34
56….Greg McNeill….Kanata….M40-49
57….Greg Moher….Ottawa….M35-39
58….Greg Molson….Ottawa….M20-29
59….Greg Morris….Cumberland….M40-49
60….Greg Newton….Stittsville….M30-34
61….Greg Payne….Nepean….M40-44
62….Greg Penner….Ottawa….M40-49
63….Greg Rusch….Stittsville….M30-39
64….Greg Soucy….Gatineau….M30-39
65….Greg Stainton….Gatineau….M40-44
66….Greg Swrjeski….Almonte….M40-44
67….Greg Walsh….Kemptville….M40-44
68….Greg White….Ottawa….M40-49
69….Greg Wilson….Ottawa….M35-39
70….Greg Zinck….Ottawa….M50-59
71….Gregg Reddin….Ottawa….M50-59
72….Greggory Whitman….Ottawa….M25-29
73….Gregory Calnan….Stittsville….M40-49
74….Gregory De Knoop….Ottawa….M20-29
75….Gregory Lemoyne….Ottawa….M25-29
76….Gregory Long….Gananoque….M50-59
77….Gregory Murray….Ottawa….M20-24
78….Gregory Penz….Ottawa….M35-39
79….Gregory Rusch….Stittsville….M30-39
80….Gregory Taylor….Gatineau….M35-39
81….Greta Chase….Ottawa….F50-59
82….Greta Smith….Ottawa….F50-54
83….Guillaume Croisetière….Ottawa….M30-39
84….Guillaume Desjardins….Gatineau….M25-29
85….Guillaume Dore….Embrun….M25-29
86….Guillaume Houle….Rockland….M40-44
87….Guillaume Pharand….Cantley….M30-39
88….Guillaume Proulx….Ottawa….M20-29
89….Guillaume Tremblay….Orleans….M25-29
90….Gunter Kurz….Ottawa….M65-69
91….Guo Yusu….Nepean….F30-34
92….Gurminder Singh….Ottawa….M50-59
93….Gustavo Sanchez….Ottawa….M25-29
94….Guy Arcand….Gatineau….M40-44
95….Guy Beaudoin….Manotick….M50-59
96….Guy Beaulieu….Cantley….M45-49
97….Guy Boyd….Ottawa….M50-59
98….Guy Boyer….Ottawa….M55-59
99….Guy Campeau….Kanata….M40-49
100….Guy Comeau….Orleans….M65-69
101….Guy Corneau….Gatineau….M45-49
102….Guy Corneau….Gatineau….M40-49
103….Guy Desjardins….Gatineau….M40-49
104….Guy Doiron….Ottawa….M35-39
105….Guy Gellatly….Ottawa….M40-49
106….Guy Giguere….Ottawa….M55-59
107….Guy Gingras….Embrun….M30-39
108….Guy Laliberte….Kars….M40-49
109….Guy Noury….Gatineau….M30-39
110….Guy Pelletier….Ottawa….M30-39
111….Guy Picard….Gatineau….M40-49
112….Guy Turgeon….Kanata….M40-49
113….Guy Warwick….Ottawa….M50-59
114….Guylain Thorne….Ottawa….M40-44
115….Guylaine Bernard….Ottawa….F40-49
116….Guylaine Brunet….Gatineau….F40-49
117….Guylaine Gallant….Ottawa….F40-49
118….Guylaine Proulx….Gatineau….F30-34
119….Gwen Cowley….Ottawa….F20-24
120….Gwen Millar….Ottawa….F40-44
121….Gwen Rushton….Orleans….F30-34
122….Gwendoline Malo….Kanata….F30-39
123….Gwynne Johnston….Elizabethtown….M40-44
124….Gyro Inman….Ottawa….M30-34
125….H L Ne Belleau….Gatineau….F50-59
126….Hai Nguyen….Ottawa….M20-29
127….Hailey Bell….Cumberland….F19 & under
128….Hali Smith….Ottawa….F30-39
129….Hans Buser….Carp….M60-69
130….Hans Collmorgen….Ottawa….M65-69
131….Hans Schroeder….Ottawa….M40-44
132….Harold Boudreau….Ottawa….M30-39
133….Harold Geller….Ottawa….M40-49
134….Harold Walker….Ottawa….M40-49
135….Harry Fischer….Ottawa….M50-59
136….Harry Ford….Ottawa….M25-29
137….Harvey Chatterton….Kanata….M55-59
138….Hayley Price….Ottawa….F20-24
139….Hazel Ullyatt….Ottawa….F50-59
140….Hazen Harty….Ottawa….M40-49
141….Heather Baker….Ottawa….F30-39
142….Heather Barrett….Ottawa….F25-29
143….Heather Bigelow….Ottawa….F45-49
144….Heather Bijman….Stittsville….F20-24
145….Heather Bracken….Gloucester….F55-59
146….Heather Campbell….Kanata….F45-49
147….Heather Carrière….Ottawa….F30-39
148….Heather Caughey….Stittsville….F40-49
149….Heather Chanter….Ottawa….F20-24
150….Heather Chew….Ottawa….F40-49
151….Heather Cochran….Ottawa….F25-29
152….Heather Cranek….Kemptville….F25-29
153….Heather Crysdale….Ottawa….F50-54
154….Heather Cudmore….Ottawa….F30-34
155….Heather D Wilson….Ottawa….F20-29
156….Heather Desrosiers….Ottawa….F25-29
157….Heather Douglas….Almonte….F45-49
158….Heather Dressler….Ottawa….F25-29
159….Heather Duff….Ottawa….F30-34
160….Heather Dutton….Ottawa….F20-24
161….Heather Dye….Ottawa….F35-39
162….Heather Eberts….Metcalfe….F60-64
163….Heather Escalante….Gatineau….M40-49
164….Heather Fisher….Ottawa….F25-29
165….Heather Fraser….Kanata….F50-54
166….Heather Fraser….Ottawa….F35-39
167….Heather Gerrior….Ottawa….F30-39
168….Heather Gilmour….Stittsville….F30-39
169….Heather Goudreau….Ottawa….F30-34
170….Heather Hammond….Ottawa….F50-54
171….Heather Henry….Manotick….F35-39
172….Heather Hopkins….Ottawa….F40-44
173….Heather Hunter….Richmond….F25-29
174….Heather Johnston….Athens….F40-49
175….Heather Kelly….Nepean….F20-24
176….Heather Loeffelholz….Kanata….F40-49
177….Heather Macleod….Ottawa….F40-44
178….Heather Marcellus….Metcalfe….F20-24
179….Heather Martin….Ottawa….F30-39
180….Heather McCready….Ottawa….F30-39
181….Heather McIntosh….Orleans….F35-39
182….Heather McIntosh….Ottawa….F20-24
183….Heather Miller….Nepean….F50-59
184….Heather Mills….Ottawa….F40-44
185….Heather Morse….Ottawa….F40-49
186….Heather Moses….Kanata….F55-59
187….Heather Nearing….Ottawa….F25-29
188….Heather Nixon….Ottawa….F40-49
189….Heather Paulusse….Ottawa….F20-29
190….Heather Perkins….Kanata….F40-49
191….Heather Primeau….Kemptville….F40-44
192….Heather Purdy….Martintown….F40-49
193….Heather Reibin….Petawawa….F20-29
194….Heather Statham….Ottawa….F20-24
195….Heather Thomas….Ottawa….F65-69
196….Heather Treffler….Ottawa….F25-29
197….Heather Watts….Ottawa….F30-39
198….Heather Willett….Ottawa….F40-49
199….Heather Williams….Ottawa….F50-54
200….Hector Clouthier….Petawawa….M60-64
201….Heidi Braun….Ottawa….F30-34
202….Heidi Hudson….Petawawa….F20-29
203….Heidi Lacasse….Ottawa….F30-34
204….Heidi Rienstra….Brockville….F20-24
205….Heidi Taber….MABERLY….F30-39
206….Helen Blair….Pakenham….F60-69
207….Helen Bolt….Nepean….F45-49
208….Helen Francis….Ottawa….F50-59
209….Helen Gagne….Kanata….F40-44
210….Helen Jazzar….Nepean….F19 & under
211….Helen Lum Young….Nepean….F40-49
212….Helen Wright….Ottawa….F40-49
213….Helen Yemensky….Ottawa….F40-49
214….Helene Belleau….Gatineau….F50-54
215….Helene Boucher….Ottawa….F20-29
216….Helene Desormeau….Embrun….F30-39
217….Helene Dore….Gatineau….F40-44
218….Helene Fortier….Orleans….F40-49
219….Helene Gauthier….Ottawa….F50-54
220….Helene Hebert….Deep River….F30-34
221….Helene Le Scelleur….Gatineau….F30-39
222….Helene Leduc….Ottawa….F45-49
223….Helene Legault - Cote….Cantley….F40-49
224….Helene Lepine….Ottawa….F20-29
225….Helene Martineau….Ottawa….F50-54
226….Helene Matko….Rockland….F30-39
227….Helene Mclaughlin….Gloucester….F25-29
228….Helene Nadeau….Ottawa….F50-54
229….Helene Paquet-Young….Ottawa….F50-54
230….Helene Roy….Smiths Falls….F30-39
231….Helene Seguin….Gatineau….F55-59
232….Helene Tremblay-Allen….Gatineau….F55-59
233….Helen-Marie Weeks….Ottawa….F35-39
234….Heloïse Sirois-Leclerc….Embrun….F20-29
235….Henri St-Martin….Ottawa….M50-59
236….Henrick Lafleche….Orleans….M40-49
237….Henry Hum….Nepean….M40-49
238….Henry Searle….Pembroke….M40-49
239….Herve Morissette….Gatineau….M50-54
240….Hetty Mannethu….Ottawa….F35-39
241….Hidetaka Nishimura….Ottawa….M40-44
242….Hieu Nguyen….Nepean….M30-39
243….Hieu Nguyen….Ottawa….F30-39
244….Hilary Chaiton….Ottawa….F20-29
245….Hilary Little….Ottawa….F40-49
246….Hilary McNamee….Perth….F25-29
247….Hilary Mellor….Ottawa….F50-59
248….Hilda Beauregard….Ottawa….F50-59
249….Hiliary Moran….Finch….F20-24
250….Hillary Rose….Ottawa….F25-29
251….Hinesh Chauhan….Orleans….M30-39
252….Hollee Kew….Manotick….F40-49
253….Hollie Anderson….Ottawa….F40-49
254….Hollie Felix….Orleans….F35-39
255….Holly Blair….Ottawa….F50-59
256….Holly Johnson….Ottawa….F55-59
257….Holly Kemp….Ottawa….F25-29
258….Holly Lister….Kanata….F45-49
259….Holly O'neill….Ottawa….F19 & under
260….Holly Ray….Orleans….F30-34
261….Holly Skelton….Ottawa….F30-39
262….Holly Smith….Stittsville….F50-54
263….Holly Stoss….Ottawa….F20-29
264….Hong Pang….Ottawa….M20-29
265….Hope Maxted….Ottawa….F30-34
266….Howard Smith….Ottawa….M50-59
267….Howard Stanley….Ottawa….M35-39
268….Hugh Boyd….Ottawa….M40-44
269….Hugh Wright….Kanata….M50-59
270….Hughie Nolan….Renfrew….M60-69
271….Hugo Crespo….Ottawa….M40-44
272….Hugo Lemieux….Chelsea….M40-49
273….Hugo Riopel….Gatineau….M35-39
274….Hugo Trudel….Gatineau….M19 & under
275….Hugo Whitfield….Ottawa….M20-29
276….Huhie Nolan….Renfrew….M60-69
277….Hui Xu….Ottawa….F30-39
278….Iaian Docherty….Ottawa….M30-39
279….Iain Clark….Petawawa….M40-49
280….Iain Davidson….Ottawa….M20-29
281….Iain Inglis….Nepean….M20-29
282….Iain Macdonald….Ottawa….M40-44
283….Ian Anderson….Ottawa….M20-29
284….Ian Beaulieu….Stittsville….M30-39
285….Ian Beausoleil-Morrison….Ottawa….M40-49
286….Ian Bialik….Ottawa….M19 & under
287….Ian Bunny Boyle….Ottawa….M35-39
288….Ian Bunny Joiner….Ottawa….M40-44
289….Ian Butt….Kanata….M35-39
290….Ian Callan….Cornwall….M40-44
291….Ian Chris Cobb….Ottawa….M60-64
292….Ian Crawford….Ottawa….M20-29
293….Ian Dunn….Stittsville….M40-49
294….Ian Fraser….Ottawa….M45-49
295….Ian Govan….Kanata….M60-69
296….Ian Graham….Ottawa….M30-39
297….Ian Hamilton….Ottawa….M30-39
298….Ian Hunter….Chelsea….M60-69
299….Ian Iacovitti….Ottawa….M19 & under
300….Ian Joiner….Ottawa….M40-49
301….Ian Krepps….Ottawa….M30-39
302….Ian Long….Petawawa….M40-49
303….Ian Mackinnon….Ottawa….M45-49
304….Ian Maclean….Ottawa….M30-34
305….Ian Macvicar….Ottawa….M50-54
306….Ian Malcolm….Ottawa….M60-64
307….Ian Marrs….Kanata….M50-59
308….Ian Mcfarland….Ottawa….M30-39
309….Ian McNaughton….Ottawa….M50-54
310….Ian Milne….Ottawa….M40-49
311….Ian Pace….Ottawa….M20-29
312….Ian Pickard….Ottawa….M40-49
313….Ian Proulx….Gloucester….M40-49
314….Ian Roger….Ottawa….M25-29
315….Ian Roney….Ottawa….M19 & under
316….Ian Rosso….Ottawa….M30-39
317….Ian Schoonbaert….Pembroke….M30-39
318….Ian Shea….Ottawa….M30-34
319….Ian Siegert….Ottawa….M40-49
320….Ian Taylor….Nepean….M40-44
321….Ian White….Ottawa….M40-49
322….Ian Whittal….Ottawa….M25-29
323….Ian-Guy Dupuis….Ottawa….M30-39
324….Iasbelle Belanger….Gatineau….F40-44
325….Ileana Tierney….Carp….F40-49
326….Iliana Oris Valiente….Ottawa….F20-24
327….Ilona Montgomery….Ottawa….F40-49
328….Imran Choudhry….Ottawa….M40-49
329….Ingrid Berljawsky….Ottawa….F60-69
330….Ingrid Khouzam Ellis….Ottawa….F35-39
331….Ingrid Koenig….Ottawa….F40-49
332….Ingrid Neufeld….Ottawa….F50-59
333….Ione Jayawardena….Ottawa….F20-29
334….Iori Alexandra….Rockland….F20-24
335….Irene Dionne….Ottawa….F50-59
336….Irene Ireland….Athens….F45-49
337….Irene Perry….Ottawa….F50-54
338….Irene Pestov….Gloucester….F50-59
339….Irene Roy….Orleans….F30-39
340….Iris Felix….Orleans….F40-49
341….Iris Krajcarski….Ottawa….F60-69
342….Irv Marucelj….Ottawa….M30-39
343….Irvin Hill….Ottawa….M50-54
344….Iryna Abramova….Ottawa….F40-49
345….Iryna Karpova….Ottawa….F35-39
346….Isaac Wesley….Ottawa….M30-39
347….Isabel Velez….Ottawa….F50-54
348….Isabella Jordan….Morrisburg….F40-49
349….Isabelle Ainslie….Ottawa….F25-29
350….Isabelle B.-Desharnais….Gatineau….F25-29
351….Isabelle Beach….Ottawa….F40-49
352….Isabelle Cantin….Ottawa….F40-49
353….Isabelle Caron….Gatineau….F25-29
354….Isabelle Carriere….Ottawa….F20-29
355….Isabelle Colwell-Plasse….Petawawa….F30-39
356….Isabelle Deslandes….Gatineau….F40-49
357….Isabelle Desmartis….Chelsea….F40-44
358….Isabelle Dubois….Ottawa….F30-34
359….Isabelle Gendron….Nepean….F40-49
360….Isabelle Gosselin….Ottawa….F30-34
361….Isabelle Groulx….Gatineau….F30-34
362….Isabelle Jean….Kanata….F30-39
363….Isabelle L Ger….Gatineau….F30-39
364….Isabelle Mcmartin….Gatineau….F45-49
365….Isabelle Miles….Ottawa….F20-24
366….Isabelle Moses….Gatineau….F35-39
367….Isabelle Ouellette….Vars….F35-39
368….Isabelle Paris….Merrickville….F30-34
369….Isabelle Patenaude….Ottawa….F45-49
370….Isabelle Periard-Boileau….Ottawa….F20-29
371….Isabelle Phaneuf….Gatineau….F35-39
372….Isabelle Roy….Gatineau….F40-44
373….Isabelle Saint-Laurent….Ottawa….F40-49
374….Isabelle Savage….Ottawa….F20-24
375….Isabelle Tanguay….Magog….F30-39
376….Isabelle Teolis….Gatineau….F30-34
377….Isabelle Thauvette….L'Orignal….F35-39
378….Isabelle Veilleux….Gatineau….F30-39
379….Isagani Valencia….Ottawa….M30-34
380….Ivan Stefanov….Ottawa….M50-59
381….Ivan Straznicky….Carleton Place….M40-49
382….Ivan Verdurmen….Ottawa….M40-49
383….Ivana Baldelli….Orleans….F65-69
384….Ivann Dube….Ottawa….M30-34
385….Ivar Upitis….Ottawa….M45-49
386….Iyad Ghazal….Ottawa….M30-39
387….J Carson….Ottawa….M40-49
388….J Darras….Ottawa….F30-34
389….J Darras….Ottawa….F30-39
390….J Elaine Henderson….Ottawa….F60-64
391….J Lahaie….Ottawa….F30-39
392….J Leblond….Gatineau….F40-49
393….J. Peter Mosley….Ottawa….M55-59
394….J.-F. Gagne….Gatineau….M50-54
395….J.F. Leduc….Ottawa….M30-39
396….J.P. Tremblay….Kanata….M30-39
397….Jacinthe Choquet….Cumberland….F45-49
398….Jacinthe Loiselle….Rockland….F50-59
399….Jacinthe Smith….Petawawa….F30-34
400….Jack Durnford….Petawawa….M30-39
401….Jack Fortier….Gatineau….M35-39
402….Jack Gilmer….Ottawa….M50-59
403….Jack Jensen….Ottawa….M30-39
404….Jack Kwan….Nepean….M35-39
405….Jack Murta….Ottawa….M65-69
406….Jacki Sachrajda….Ottawa….F50-54
407….Jackie Dale….Ottawa….F35-39
408….Jackie Forman….Stittsville….F20-29
409….Jackie Kachuik….Ottawa….F30-34
410….Jackie Millette….Ottawa….F45-49
411….Jackie Romanick….Ottawa….F20-24
412….Jackie Stadnyk….Kinburn….F50-59
413….Jackie Thorne….Ottawa….F40-44
414….Jacky Lepeintre….Cantley….M40-49
415….Jaclyn O'Brien….Ottawa….F20-29
416….Jaclyn Patry….Arnprior….F30-39
417….Jaclyn Shepherd….Kanata….F30-39
418….Jaclyn Smith….Ottawa….F25-29
419….Jaclyn Staniforth….Kanata….F30-34
420….Jacob Banks….Kemptville….M19 & under
421….Jacob Roberts….Gatineau….M19 & under
422….Jacob Sears….Ottawa….M25-29
423….Jacob Smith….Ottawa….M20-29
424….Jacqualine Black….Petawawa….F50-59
425….Jacqueline Barry….Orleans….F19 & under
426….Jacqueline Evans….Orleans….F45-49
427….Jacqueline Girouard….Petawawa….F40-49
428….Jacqueline Kinloch….Ottawa….F40-49
429….Jacqueline Kirkland….Almonte….F40-44
430….Jacqueline St. Lewis….Gatineau….F40-44
431….Jacqueline Thorne….Ottawa….F40-49
432….Jacqueline Whillans….Orleans….F25-29
433….Jacquelyn MacGregor….Beachburg….F20-29
434….Jacques De Guille….Gatineau….M40-49
435….Jacques Menard….Gatineau….M50-54
436….Jacques Mercier….Rockland….M60-64
437….Jacques Olivier….Ottawa….M40-44
438….Jacques Pelletier….Ottawa….M60-64
439….Jacques Therrien….Ottawa….M50-54
440….Jacquie Bushell….Ottawa….F40-49
441….Jacquie Lovatt Stern….Chelsea….F20-29
442….Jacynthe Desgagne….Gatineau….F55-59
443….Jade Georis….Ottawa….F35-39
444….Jade Puddington….Ottawa….F20-29
445….Jade Sillick….Ottawa….F20-29
446….Jaffer Majeed….Ottawa….M40-49
447….Jag Soin….Ottawa….M40-49
448….Jahmiah Ferdinand….Ottawa….F25-29
449….Jaime Dumont….North Gower….F20-29
450….Jaime Jimenez….Ottawa….M45-49
451….Jaime Trick….Ottawa….F20-29
452….Jake Banks….Kemptville….M19 & under
453….Jake Chicoine….Wakefield….M19 & under
454….Jake Griffin….Stittsville….M19 & under
455….Jake Irsag….St Albert….M30-39
456….Jakob Henningsen….Ottawa….M35-39
457….Jaleel Moidu….Nepean….M40-49
458….James Austin….Nepean….M30-39
459….James Beaupre….Ottawa….M35-39
460….James Beuerman….Kanata….M40-49
461….James Bissonnette….Ottawa….M30-39
462….James Brockbank….Kanata….M55-59
463….James Bronson….Ottawa….M30-39
464….James Brown….Ottawa….M35-39
465….James Buell….Gatineau….M40-49
466….James Bunny Sauve….Ottawa….M40-49
467….James Campbell….Ottawa….M20-29
468….James Carere….Orleans….M40-49
469….James Clark….Ottawa….M20-24
470….James Dalziel….Dunrobin….M50-59
471….James Derosenroll….Ottawa….M50-59
472….James Douglas Macdonald….Gatineau….M40-49
473….James Doyle….Ottawa….M40-44
474….James Elrick….Ottawa….M40-44
475….James Fairlie….Kanata….M40-49
476….James Fraser….Ottawa….M50-59
477….James Galipeau….Chelsea….M30-39
478….James Gallant….Pembroke….M50-59
479….James Godefroy….Ottawa….M40-49
480….James Harvey….Ottawa….M50-59
481….James Heer….Petawawa….M30-39
482….James Johnston….Nepean….M60-69
483….James Lascelle….Ottawa….M20-29
484….James Lavallie….Bryson….M20-29
485….James Leacock….Ottawa….M30-39
486….James Leslie….Petawawa….M30-39
487….James Malejczuk….Ottawa….M40-49
488….James Manning….Ottawa….M25-29
489….James McClelland….Cantley….M20-24
490….James McKenzie….La Peche….M45-49
491….James McNamee….Ottawa….M40-49
492….James Miller….Ottawa….M30-34
493….James Moore….Stittsville….M40-49
494….James Muldoon….Kanata….M50-59
495….James Mullins….Cardinal….M25-29
496….James Murphy….Ottawa….M30-34
497….James Murray….Ottawa….M50-59
498….James O'neill….Nepean….M30-39
499….James Pede….Kemptville….M40-49
500….James Peters….Ottawa….M30-34
501….James Potter….Stittsville….M40-44
502….James Prescott….Ottawa….M30-34
503….James Price….Ottawa….M35-39
504….James Shepherd….Ottawa….M20-29
505….James Stott….Kanata….M35-39
506….James Thibaudeau….Ottawa….M25-29
507….James Thompson-Slaven….Embrun….M55-59
508….James Van Loon….Ottawa….M40-44
509….James Vannier….Ottawa….M30-39
510….James Vieveen….Kanata….M40-49
511….James Vuckovic….Ottawa….M19 & under
512….James Waite….Orleans….M50-59
513….James Wildgen….Kanata….M40-49
514….Jamie Baynes….Ottawa….M35-39
515….Jamie Bell….Ottawa….F20-24
516….Jamie Brigden….Nepean….M35-39
517….Jamie Carriveau….Stittsville….M30-39
518….Jamie Coe….Pembroke….F30-39
519….Jamie Dumont….Munster….F20-29
520….Jamie Fitzgerald….Ottawa….M20-24
521….Jamie Goodfellow….Kanata….M30-34
522….Jamie Hayami….Nepean….F30-39
523….Jamie Hurst….Ottawa….F20-29
524….Jamie Logue….Ottawa….M35-39
525….Jamie Macdonald….Nepean….M30-39
526….Jamie McCarthy….Ottawa….F20-29
527….Jamie Schmuck….Petawawa….M30-39
528….Jamie Vince….Ottawa….M40-44
529….Jamie Whiteside….Kanata….M30-34
530….Jami-Lynne Sytema….Ottawa….F30-34
531….Jan Cameron….Edwards….F55-59
532….Jan Donak….Kanata….F50-54
533….Jan Dunn….Ottawa….F50-54
534….Jan Mattingly….Kanata….F50-59
535….Jan Raska….Ottawa….M30-34
536….Jan Riopelle….Ottawa….F50-59
537….Jana Veltheim….Ottawa….F30-34
538….Jane Anne Brown….Ottawa….F50-59
539….Jane Brydges….Ottawa….F35-39
540….Jane Dowd….Arnprior….F50-59
541….Jane Dudley….Kanata….F40-44
542….Jane Foster….Osgoode….F40-49
543….Jane Gibson….Ottawa….F40-49
544….Jane Hazel….Ottawa….F40-44
545….Jane Holski….Oxford Mills….F50-59
546….Jane Kearnan….Ottawa….F25-29
547….Jane Latham….Ottawa….F40-49
548….Jane Marie Obst….Ottawa….F50-59
549….Jane Martin….Stittsville….F50-59
550….Jane Maxwell….Ottawa….F50-59
551….Jane McLaren….Cornwall….F45-49
552….Jane Morris….Ottawa….F50-59
553….Jane Rae Dowd….Arnprior….F50-59
554….Jane Rooney….Ottawa….F40-49
555….Jane Rutherford….Ottawa….F30-39
556….Jane Schofield….Ottawa….F60-69
557….Jane Spiteri….Ottawa….F45-49
558….Jane Taylor….Ottawa….F45-49
559….Jane Waterfall….Ottawa….F50-59
560….Janelle Denton….Ottawa….F30-39
561….Janelle Dufoe….Ottawa….F20-24
562….Janemary Banigan….Ottawa….M30-34
563….Janet Atkins….Kanata….F50-59
564….Janet Campbell….Dunrobin….F40-44
565….Janet Chadwick….Kanata….F50-59
566….Janet Cooper….Ottawa….F50-59
567….Janet Curran….Ottawa….F50-59
568….Janet Foster….Perth….F30-34
569….Janet Hardcastle….Ottawa….F60-69
570….Janet Hart….Ottawa….F40-49
571….Janet Huffman….Ottawa….F30-39
572….Janet Lancaster….Kanata….F50-54
573….Janet Lefebvre….Stittsville….F50-54
574….Janet Macdonald….Stittsville….F40-49
575….Janet Mckeage….Gloucester….F40-44
576….Janet Mrenica….Ottawa….F45-49
577….Janet Noon….Ottawa….F40-49
578….Janet Nuutilainen….Ottawa….F30-39
579….Janet Oattes….Cobden….F40-49
580….Janet Perkins….Ottawa….F25-29
581….Janet Smith….Kanata….F50-59
582….Janet Sol….Ottawa….F40-49
583….Janet Southern….Ottawa….F45-49
584….Janet Van Bakel….Stittsville….F50-59
585….Janet Weichel Mckenzie….La Peche….F45-49
586….Janet Yale….Ottawa….F50-59
587….Janey Cabuco….Ottawa….F30-34
588….Janey Crook….Chelsea….F55-59
589….Janice Aubry….Gatineau….F40-44
590….Janice Brown….Stittsville….F50-54
591….Janice Chan….Ottawa….F40-49
592….Janice Christensen….Orleans….F45-49
593….Janice Clouthier….Pembroke….F45-49
594….Janice Janczyn….Nepean….F45-49
595….Janice Loverock….Munster….F60-69
596….Janice Lui….Ottawa….F25-29
597….Janice Mccoy….Ottawa….F45-49
598….Janice McGuinness….Ottawa….F45-49
599….Janice Morlidge….Ottawa….F40-49
600….Janice Palmer….Ottawa….F40-44
601….Janice Richard….Ottawa….F30-39
602….Janice Tughan….Kanata….F60-64
603….Janick Aquilina….Ottawa….M40-44
604….Janine Curtis….Ottawa….F20-24
605….Janine Forcier….Chalk River….F35-39
606….Jannine Moreau….Orleans….F50-54
607….Janus Cihlar….Ottawa….M20-29
608….Janusz Donat Gawlik….Ottawa….M65-69
609….Jared Broughton….Ottawa….M20-29
610….Jared Chadwick….Cornwall….M20-24
611….Jared Semenchuk….Kanata….M20-29
612….Jaret Held….Petawawa….F30-39
613….Jasmin Gaudreau….Bourget….M30-34
614….Jasmine Brown….Ottawa….F20-29
615….Jasmine Clancy….Ottawa….F20-24
616….Jasmine Lefebvre….Ottawa….F30-34
617….Jasmine Wong….Ottawa….F20-24
618….Jasmyne Labonte….Kanata….F50-59
619….Jason Abramovitch….Ottawa….M20-29
620….Jason Adair….Ottawa….M40-49
621….Jason Arbuthnot….Ottawa….M30-39
622….Jason Ashton….Ottawa….M35-39
623….Jason Baertschi….Ottawa….M19 & under
624….Jason Barney….Ottawa….M35-39
625….Jason Bergen….Stittsville….M30-39
626….Jason Billows….Ottawa….M40-44
627….Jason Birch….Cumberland….M20-29
628….Jason Bond….Ottawa….M30-39
629….Jason Brazeau….Ottawa….M35-39
630….Jason Bussey….Ottawa….M30-39
631….Jason Chouinard….Ottawa….M20-29
632….Jason De Rocher….Ottawa….M30-34
633….Jason Downey….Ottawa….M30-39
634….Jason Duhaime….Pakenham….M30-39
635….Jason Durand….Ottawa….M25-29
636….Jason Feist….Nepean….M30-39
637….Jason Fitton….Kanata….M30-34
638….Jason Fox….Gatineau….M20-29
639….Jason Frew….Ottawa….M30-39
640….Jason Gagnon….Ottawa….M30-39
641….Jason Gale….Ottawa….M30-39
642….Jason Gordon….Orleans….M35-39
643….Jason Haug….Ottawa….M20-29
644….Jason Hillier….Kanata….M20-29
645….Jason Irwin….Richmond….M30-39
646….Jason King….Ottawa….M30-34
647….Jason Lainson….Almonte….M40-49
648….Jason Lapierre….Gananoque….M20-29
649….Jason Lawson….Ottawa….M20-24
650….Jason Lawton….Ottawa….M30-39
651….Jason Lemire….Orleans….M30-34
652….Jason Lind….Ottawa….M20-29
653….Jason Mah….Ottawa….M30-39
654….Jason Mcdonald….Orleans….M35-39
655….Jason Meahan….Ottawa….M20-29
656….Jason Moodie….Ottawa….M30-39
657….Jason Nagasawa….Ottawa….M30-34
658….Jason O'rourke….Pembroke….M20-29
659….Jason Pantalone….Nepean….M35-39
660….Jason Radford….Ottawa….M35-39
661….Jason Raymond….Ottawa….M30-39
662….Jason Riordon….Ottawa….M20-29
663….Jason Roberts….Orleans….M30-39
664….Jason Rodger….Stittsville….M30-39
665….Jason Rodriguez….Ottawa….M20-29
666….Jason Rot….Metcalfe….M20-24
667….Jason Saunders….Ottawa….M35-39
668….Jason Stewart….Ottawa….M30-39
669….Jason Vallis….Pembroke….M20-29
670….Jason Van Gaal….Ottawa….M25-29
671….Jason Verner….Ottawa….M40-49
672….Jason Walker….Ottawa….M20-29
673….Jasper Greysson-Wong….Kanata….F19 & under
674….Jaswant Singh….Ottawa….M20-29
675….Jay Buhr….Finch….M60-64
676….Jay Lymer….Ottawa….M30-34
677….Jay Mcintosh….Ottawa….M45-49
678….Jay Milne….Stittsville….M40-49
679….Jay Rached….Ottawa….M40-49
680….Jay Reid….Ottawa….M25-29
681….Jay Shaw….Ottawa….M20-29
682….Jay Tousaw….Oxford Station….M40-49
683….Jayme Pettit….Ottawa….F25-29
684….Jayne Barlow….Ottawa….F40-49
685….Jayne Freeman….Stittsville….F30-39
686….Jayne Plante….Pembroke….F45-49
687….Jayson Murray….Chalk River….M20-29
688….J-C Seguin….Gatineau….M25-29
689….Jean Banerjee….Stittsville….F40-49
690….Jean Bernard….Gatineau….M45-49
691….Jean Bigelow….Gatineau….M45-49
692….Jean Bouffard….Ottawa….M20-29
693….Jean Claude Blais….Ottawa….M50-59
694….Jean Denis Yelle….Ottawa….M55-59
695….Jean Duval….Ottawa….M45-49
696….Jean Francois Laplante….Gatineau….M40-49
697….Jean Genet….Gloucester….M70-74
698….Jean Guenette….Gatineau….M30-39
699….Jean Lacroix….Ottawa….M40-49
700….Jean Lapointe….Ottawa….M40-49
701….Jean Lavictoire….Orleans….M40-44
702….Jean Lemire….Gatineau….M40-44
703….Jean Magne….Orleans….M50-54
704….Jean McDonell….Ottawa….F30-39
705….Jean Normandin….Richmond….M40-44
706….Jean Rene Alarie….Ottawa….M50-59
707….Jean Stewart….Orleans….F30-39
708….Jean Vaillancourt….Alexandria….M40-44
709….Jean Wright….Ottawa….F60-69
710….Jean-Alexan Robillard-Cardinal….Ottawa….M20-29
711….Jean-Charles Renaud….Navan….M20-29
712….Jean-Christophe Bund….Ottawa….M30-39
713….Jean-Claude Blais….Gloucester….M55-59
714….Jean-Claude Dumont….Gatineau….M60-64
715….Jean-Denis Caron….Orleans….M30-39
716….Jean-Eric Grandmaitre….Ottawa….M30-34
717….Jeanette Carter….Petawawa….F40-49
718….Jeanette Dionne….Stittsville….F40-49
719….Jeanette Mchugh….Ottawa….F25-29
720….Jeanette Spinelli….Lombardy….F35-39
721….Jeanette Steffler….Kanata….F40-49
722….Jean-Fran Ois Tremblay….Gatineau….M30-39
723….Jean-Françoi Dupuis….Gatineau….M35-39
724….Jean-Francois Brideau….Ottawa….M20-29
725….Jean-Francois Cyr….Gatineau….M30-39
726….Jean-Francois Gagne….Gatineau….M50-54
727….Jeanfrancois Laplante….Gatineau….M40-44
728….Jean-Francois Mahe….Arnprior….M30-39
729….Jean-Francois Pouliotte….Gatineau….M30-39
730….Jean-François Rannou….Gatineau….M30-34
731….Jean-Francois Rioux….Gatineau….M30-39
732….Jean-Francois Seguin….Gatineau….M30-39
733….Jeanfrançois Thibault….Gatineau….M40-44
734….Jean-Guy Leclerc….Gatineau….M40-49
735….Jean-Guy Perron….Ottawa….M50-59
736….Jean-Luc Leonard….Finch….M45-49
737….Jean-Marc D'aoust….Cantley….M35-39
738….Jean-Marc Gionet….Ottawa….M30-39
739….Jean-Marc Lariviere….Chelsea….M50-54
740….Jean-Marc Vinette….Orleans….M40-49
741….Jean-Michel Potvin….Gatineau….M35-39
742….Jean-Mychel Gay….Gatineau….M25-29
743….Jeanna Chan….Ottawa….F25-29
744….Jeanne Beaudry….Ottawa….F30-34
745….Jeanne D'arc Lapointe….Plantagenet….F60-69
746….Jeanne Millons….Ottawa….F30-39
747….Jeanne Percival….Ottawa….F50-59
748….Jeanne Robitaille….Ottawa….F20-29
749….Jeanne Rowan….Renfrew….F50-59
750….Jeannie Daly….Ottawa….F40-44
751….Jeannie Leblanc….Gloucester….F40-49
752….Jeannine Bailliu….Ottawa….F40-49
753….Jean-Noel Gilbert….Orleans….M60-69
754….Jeannot Lafreniere….Lac Ste-Marie….M40-44
755….Jean-Pascal Paris….Gatineau….M40-49
756….Jean-Paul Beaulieu….Orleans….M40-44
757….Jean-Philipp Bernard….Gatineau….M20-24
758….Jean-Philipp Tremblay….Gatineau….M25-29
759….Jean-Philippe Bu Pellerin….Ottawa….M20-24
760….Jean-Philippe Carbonneau….Petawawa….M20-29
761….Jean-Philippe Dion….Ottawa….M20-29
762….Jean-Philippe Dumont….Gatineau….M30-34
763….Jean-Philippe Pellerin….Ottawa….M20-29
764….Jean-Pierre Ch Nier….Ottawa….M20-29
765….Jean-Pierre Contant….Orleans….M30-39
766….Jean-Pierre Cote….Ottawa….M40-49
767….Jean-Pierre Dufour….Orleans….M45-49
768….Jean-Pierre Gagne….Ottawa….M40-44
769….Jean-Pierre Lachance….Gatineau….M45-49
770….Jean-Pierre Morin….Ottawa….M30-39
771….Jean-Pierre Plouffe….Gatineau….M50-54
772….Jean-Pierre Saab….Ottawa….M20-24
773….Jean-Pierre Sauve….Beachburg….M25-29
774….Jean-Pierre Simard….Ottawa….M20-29
775….Jean-Sebastien Blackburn….Gatineau….M30-39
Photo Credit: www.asiorders.com/
Here, hundreds of researchers, businesses and progressive home- owners will be living and working side-by-side, along with great food, drink and entertainment venues. A collection of stunning public spaces for everyone, of all ages, to use.
Everyone here is united by one purpose: to help families, communities and cities around the world to live healthier, longer, smarter and easier lives. In short, to live better. In the process, our businesses will continue to grow, employ more local people and help ensure Newcastle excels.
Newcastle University (legally the University of Newcastle upon Tyne) is a public research university based in Newcastle upon Tyne, North East England. It has overseas campuses in Singapore and Malaysia. The university is a red brick university and a member of the Russell Group, an association of research-intensive UK universities.
The university finds its roots in the School of Medicine and Surgery (later the College of Medicine), established in 1834, and the College of Physical Science (later renamed Armstrong College), founded in 1871. These two colleges came to form the larger division of the federal University of Durham, with the Durham Colleges forming the other. The Newcastle colleges merged to form King's College in 1937. In 1963, following an Act of Parliament, King's College became the University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
The university subdivides into three faculties: the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; the Faculty of Medical Sciences; and the Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering. The university offers around 175 full-time undergraduate degree programmes in a wide range of subject areas spanning arts, sciences, engineering and medicine, together with approximately 340 postgraduate taught and research programmes across a range of disciplines.[6] The annual income of the institution for 2022–23 was £592.4 million of which £119.3 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £558 million.
History
Durham University § Colleges in Newcastle
The establishment of a university in Newcastle upon Tyne was first proposed in 1831 by Thomas Greenhow in a lecture to the Literary and Philosophical Society. In 1832 a group of local medics – physicians George Fife (teaching materia medica and therapeutics) and Samuel Knott (teaching theory and practice of medicine), and surgeons John Fife (teaching surgery), Alexander Fraser (teaching anatomy and physiology) and Henry Glassford Potter (teaching chemistry) – started offering medical lectures in Bell's Court to supplement the apprenticeship system (a fourth surgeon, Duncan McAllum, is mentioned by some sources among the founders, but was not included in the prospectus). The first session started on 1 October 1832 with eight or nine students, including John Snow, then apprenticed to a local surgeon-apothecary, the opening lecture being delivered by John Fife. In 1834 the lectures and practical demonstrations moved to the Hall of the Company of Barber Surgeons to accommodate the growing number of students, and the School of Medicine and Surgery was formally established on 1 October 1834.
On 25 June 1851, following a dispute among the teaching staff, the school was formally dissolved and the lecturers split into two rival institutions. The majority formed the Newcastle College of Medicine, and the others established themselves as the Newcastle upon Tyne College of Medicine and Practical Science with competing lecture courses. In July 1851 the majority college was recognised by the Society of Apothecaries and in October by the Royal College of Surgeons of England and in January 1852 was approved by the University of London to submit its students for London medical degree examinations. Later in 1852, the majority college was formally linked to the University of Durham, becoming the "Newcastle-upon-Tyne College of Medicine in connection with the University of Durham". The college awarded its first 'Licence in Medicine' (LicMed) under the auspices of the University of Durham in 1856, with external examiners from Oxford and London, becoming the first medical examining body on the United Kingdom to institute practical examinations alongside written and viva voce examinations. The two colleges amalgamated in 1857, with the first session of the unified college opening on 3 October that year. In 1861 the degree of Master of Surgery was introduced, allowing for the double qualification of Licence of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, along with the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Doctor of Medicine, both of which required residence in Durham. In 1870 the college was brought into closer connection with the university, becoming the "Durham University College of Medicine" with the Reader in Medicine becoming the Professor of Medicine, the college gaining a representative on the university's senate, and residence at the college henceforth counting as residence in the university towards degrees in medicine and surgery, removing the need for students to spend a period of residence in Durham before they could receive the higher degrees.
Attempts to realise a place for the teaching of sciences in the city were finally met with the foundation of the College of Physical Science in 1871. The college offered instruction in mathematics, physics, chemistry and geology to meet the growing needs of the mining industry, becoming the "Durham College of Physical Science" in 1883 and then renamed after William George Armstrong as Armstrong College in 1904. Both of these institutions were part of the University of Durham, which became a federal university under the Durham University Act 1908 with two divisions in Durham and Newcastle. By 1908, the Newcastle division was teaching a full range of subjects in the Faculties of Medicine, Arts, and Science, which also included agriculture and engineering.
Throughout the early 20th century, the medical and science colleges outpaced the growth of their Durham counterparts. Following tensions between the two Newcastle colleges in the early 1930s, a Royal Commission in 1934 recommended the merger of the two colleges to form "King's College, Durham"; that was effected by the Durham University Act 1937. Further growth of both division of the federal university led to tensions within the structure and a feeling that it was too large to manage as a single body. On 1 August 1963 the Universities of Durham and Newcastle upon Tyne Act 1963 separated the two thus creating the "University of Newcastle upon Tyne". As the successor of King's College, Durham, the university at its founding in 1963, adopted the coat of arms originally granted to the Council of King's College in 1937.
Above the portico of the Students' Union building are bas-relief carvings of the arms and mottoes of the University of Durham, Armstrong College and Durham University College of Medicine, the predecessor parts of Newcastle University. While a Latin motto, mens agitat molem (mind moves matter) appears in the Students' Union building, the university itself does not have an official motto.
Campus and location
The university occupies a campus site close to Haymarket in central Newcastle upon Tyne. It is located to the northwest of the city centre between the open spaces of Leazes Park and the Town Moor; the university medical school and Royal Victoria Infirmary are adjacent to the west.
The Armstrong building is the oldest building on the campus and is the site of the original Armstrong College. The building was constructed in three stages; the north east wing was completed first at a cost of £18,000 and opened by Princess Louise on 5 November 1888. The south-east wing, which includes the Jubilee Tower, and south-west wings were opened in 1894. The Jubilee Tower was built with surplus funds raised from an Exhibition to mark Queen Victoria's Jubilee in 1887. The north-west front, forming the main entrance, was completed in 1906 and features two stone figures to represent science and the arts. Much of the later construction work was financed by Sir Isaac Lowthian Bell, the metallurgist and former Lord Mayor of Newcastle, after whom the main tower is named. In 1906 it was opened by King Edward VII.
The building contains the King's Hall, which serves as the university's chief hall for ceremonial purposes where Congregation ceremonies are held. It can contain 500 seats. King Edward VII gave permission to call the Great Hall, King's Hall. During the First World War, the building was requisitioned by the War Office to create the first Northern General Hospital, a facility for the Royal Army Medical Corps to treat military casualties. Graduation photographs are often taken in the University Quadrangle, next to the Armstrong building. In 1949 the Quadrangle was turned into a formal garden in memory of members of Newcastle University who gave their lives in the two World Wars. In 2017, a statue of Martin Luther King Jr. was erected in the inner courtyard of the Armstrong Building, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of his honorary degree from the university.
The Bruce Building is a former brewery, constructed between 1896 and 1900 on the site of the Hotspur Hotel, and designed by the architect Joseph Oswald as the new premises of Newcastle Breweries Limited. The university occupied the building from the 1950s, but, having been empty for some time, the building was refurbished in 2016 to become residential and office space.
The Devonshire Building, opened in 2004, incorporates in an energy efficient design. It uses photovoltaic cells to help to power motorised shades that control the temperature of the building and geothermal heating coils. Its architects won awards in the Hadrian awards and the RICS Building of the Year Award 2004. The university won a Green Gown award for its construction.
Plans for additions and improvements to the campus were made public in March 2008 and completed in 2010 at a cost of £200 million. They included a redevelopment of the south-east (Haymarket) façade with a five-storey King's Gate administration building as well as new student accommodation. Two additional buildings for the school of medicine were also built. September 2012 saw the completion of the new buildings and facilities for INTO Newcastle University on the university campus. The main building provides 18 new teaching rooms, a Learning Resource Centre, a lecture theatre, science lab, administrative and academic offices and restaurant.
The Philip Robinson Library is the main university library and is named after a bookseller in the city and benefactor to the library. The Walton Library specialises in services for the Faculty of Medical Sciences in the Medical School. It is named after Lord Walton of Detchant, former Dean of the Faculty of Medicine and Professor of Neurology. The library has a relationship with the Northern region of the NHS allowing their staff to use the library for research and study. The Law Library specialises in resources relating to law, and the Marjorie Robinson Library Rooms offers additional study spaces and computers. Together, these house over one million books and 500,000 electronic resources. Some schools within the university, such as the School of Modern Languages, also have their own smaller libraries with smaller highly specialised collections.
In addition to the city centre campus there are buildings such as the Dove Marine Laboratory located on Cullercoats Bay, and Cockle Park Farm in Northumberland.
International
In September 2008, the university's first overseas branch was opened in Singapore, a Marine International campus called, NUMI Singapore. This later expanded beyond marine subjects and became Newcastle University Singapore, largely through becoming an Overseas University Partner of Singapore Institute of Technology.
In 2011, the university's Medical School opened an international branch campus in Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia, namely Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia.
Student accommodation
Newcastle University has many catered and non-catered halls of residence available to first-year students, located around the city of Newcastle. Popular Newcastle areas for private student houses and flats off campus include Jesmond, Heaton, Sandyford, Shieldfield, South Shields and Spital Tongues.
Henderson Hall was used as a hall of residence until a fire destroyed it in 2023.
St Mary's College in Fenham, one of the halls of residence, was formerly St Mary's College of Education, a teacher training college.
Organisation and governance
The current Chancellor is the British poet and artist Imtiaz Dharker. She assumed the position of Chancellor on 1 January 2020. The vice-chancellor is Chris Day, a hepatologist and former pro-vice-chancellor of the Faculty of Medical Sciences.
The university has an enrolment of some 16,000 undergraduate and 5,600 postgraduate students. Teaching and research are delivered in 19 academic schools, 13 research institutes and 38 research centres, spread across three Faculties: the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; the Faculty of Medical Sciences; and the Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering. The university offers around 175 full-time undergraduate degree programmes in a wide range of subject areas spanning arts, sciences, engineering and medicine, together with approximately 340 postgraduate taught and research programmes across a range of disciplines.
It holds a series of public lectures called 'Insights' each year in the Curtis Auditorium in the Herschel Building. Many of the university's partnerships with companies, like Red Hat, are housed in the Herschel Annex.
Chancellors and vice-chancellors
For heads of the predecessor colleges, see Colleges of Durham University § Colleges in Newcastle.
Chancellors
Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland (1963–1988)
Matthew White Ridley, 4th Viscount Ridley (1988–1999)
Chris Patten (1999–2009)
Liam Donaldson (2009–2019)
Imtiaz Dharker (2020–)
Vice-chancellors
Charles Bosanquet (1963–1968)
Henry Miller (1968–1976)
Ewan Stafford Page (1976–1978, acting)
Laurence Martin (1978–1990)
Duncan Murchison (1991, acting)
James Wright (1992–2000)
Christopher Edwards (2001–2007)
Chris Brink (2007–2016)
Chris Day (2017–present)
Civic responsibility
The university Quadrangle
The university describes itself as a civic university, with a role to play in society by bringing its research to bear on issues faced by communities (local, national or international).
In 2012, the university opened the Newcastle Institute for Social Renewal to address issues of social and economic change, representing the research-led academic schools across the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences[45] and the Business School.
Mark Shucksmith was Director of the Newcastle Institute for Social Renewal (NISR) at Newcastle University, where he is also Professor of Planning.
In 2006, the university was granted fair trade status and from January 2007 it became a smoke-free campus.
The university has also been actively involved with several of the region's museums for many years. The Great North Museum: Hancock originally opened in 1884 and is often a venue for the university's events programme.
Faculties and schools
Teaching schools within the university are based within three faculties. Each faculty is led by a Provost/Pro-vice-chancellor and a team of Deans with specific responsibilities.
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape
School of Arts and Cultures
Newcastle University Business School
Combined Honours Centre
School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences
School of English Literature, Language and Linguistics
School of Geography, Politics and Sociology
School of History, Classics and Archaeology
Newcastle Law School
School of Modern Languages
Faculty of Medical Sciences
School of Biomedical Sciences
School of Dental Sciences
School of Medical Education
School of Pharmacy
School of Psychology
Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology (CBCB)
Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering
School of Computing
School of Engineering
School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences
Business School
Newcastle University Business School
As early as the 1900/1 academic year, there was teaching in economics (political economy, as it was then known) at Newcastle, making Economics the oldest department in the School. The Economics Department is currently headed by the Sir David Dale Chair. Among the eminent economists having served in the Department (both as holders of the Sir David Dale Chair) are Harry Mainwaring Hallsworth and Stanley Dennison.
Newcastle University Business School is a triple accredited business school, with accreditation by the three major accreditation bodies: AACSB, AMBA and EQUIS.
In 2002, Newcastle University Business School established the Business Accounting and Finance or 'Flying Start' degree in association with the ICAEW and PricewaterhouseCoopers. The course offers an accelerated route towards the ACA Chartered Accountancy qualification and is the Business School's Flagship programme.
In 2011 the business school opened their new building built on the former Scottish and Newcastle brewery site next to St James' Park. This building was officially opened on 19 March 2012 by Lord Burns.
The business school operated a central London campus from 2014 to 2021, in partnership with INTO University Partnerships until 2020.
Medical School
The BMC Medicine journal reported in 2008 that medical graduates from Oxford, Cambridge and Newcastle performed better in postgraduate tests than any other medical school in the UK.
In 2008 the Medical School announced that they were expanding their campus to Malaysia.
The Royal Victoria Infirmary has always had close links with the Faculty of Medical Sciences as a major teaching hospital.
School of Modern Languages
The School of Modern Languages consists of five sections: East Asian (which includes Japanese and Chinese); French; German; Spanish, Portuguese & Latin American Studies; and Translating & Interpreting Studies. Six languages are taught from beginner's level to full degree level ‒ Chinese, Japanese, French, German, Spanish and Portuguese ‒ and beginner's courses in Catalan, Dutch, Italian and Quechua are also available. Beyond the learning of the languages themselves, Newcastle also places a great deal of emphasis on study and experience of the cultures of the countries where the languages taught are spoken. The School of Modern Languages hosts North East England's only branches of two internationally important institutes: the Camões Institute, a language institute for Portuguese, and the Confucius Institute, a language and cultural institute for Chinese.
The teaching of modern foreign languages at Newcastle predates the creation of Newcastle University itself, as in 1911 Armstrong College in Newcastle installed Albert George Latham, its first professor of modern languages.
The School of Modern Languages at Newcastle is the lead institution in the North East Routes into Languages Consortium and, together with the Durham University, Northumbria University, the University of Sunderland, the Teesside University and a network of schools, undertakes work activities of discovery of languages for the 9 to 13 years pupils. This implies having festivals, Q&A sessions, language tasters, or quizzes organised, as well as a web learning work aiming at constructing a web portal to link language learners across the region.
Newcastle Law School
Newcastle Law School is the longest established law school in the north-east of England when law was taught at the university's predecessor college before it became independent from Durham University. It has a number of recognised international and national experts in a variety of areas of legal scholarship ranging from Common and Chancery law, to International and European law, as well as contextual, socio-legal and theoretical legal studies.
The Law School occupies four specially adapted late-Victorian town houses. The Staff Offices, the Alumni Lecture Theatre and seminar rooms as well as the Law Library are all located within the School buildings.
School of Computing
The School of Computing was ranked in the Times Higher Education world Top 100. Research areas include Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and ubiquitous computing, secure and resilient systems, synthetic biology, scalable computing (high performance systems, data science, machine learning and data visualization), and advanced modelling. The school led the formation of the National Innovation Centre for Data. Innovative teaching in the School was recognised in 2017 with the award of a National Teaching Fellowship.
Cavitation tunnel
Newcastle University has the second largest cavitation tunnel in the UK. Founded in 1950, and based in the Marine Science and Technology Department, the Emerson Cavitation Tunnel is used as a test basin for propellers, water turbines, underwater coatings and interaction of propellers with ice. The Emerson Cavitation Tunnel was recently relocated to a new facility in Blyth.
Museums and galleries
The university is associated with a number of the region's museums and galleries, including the Great North Museum project, which is primarily based at the world-renowned Hancock Museum. The Great North Museum: Hancock also contains the collections from two of the university's former museums, the Shefton Museum and the Museum of Antiquities, both now closed. The university's Hatton Gallery is also a part of the Great North Museum project, and remains within the Fine Art Building.
Academic profile
Reputation and rankings
Rankings
National rankings
Complete (2024)30
Guardian (2024)67
Times / Sunday Times (2024)37
Global rankings
ARWU (2023)201–300
QS (2024)110
THE (2024)168=
Newcastle University's national league table performance over the past ten years
The university is a member of the Russell Group of the UK's research-intensive universities. It is ranked in the top 200 of most world rankings, and in the top 40 of most UK rankings. As of 2023, it is ranked 110th globally by QS, 292nd by Leiden, 139th by Times Higher Education and 201st–300th by the Academic Ranking of World Universities. Nationally, it is ranked joint 33rd by the Times/Sunday Times Good University Guide, 30th by the Complete University Guide[68] and joint 63rd by the Guardian.
Admissions
UCAS Admission Statistics 20222021202020192018
Application 33,73532,40034,55031,96533,785
Accepte 6,7556,2556,5806,4456,465
Applications/Accepted Ratio 5.05.25.35.05.2
Offer Rate (%78.178.080.279.280.0)
Average Entry Tariff—151148144152
Main scheme applications, International and UK
UK domiciled applicants
HESA Student Body Composition
In terms of average UCAS points of entrants, Newcastle ranked joint 19th in Britain in 2014. In 2015, the university gave offers of admission to 92.1% of its applicants, the highest amongst the Russell Group.
25.1% of Newcastle's undergraduates are privately educated, the thirteenth highest proportion amongst mainstream British universities. In the 2016–17 academic year, the university had a domicile breakdown of 74:5:21 of UK:EU:non-EU students respectively with a female to male ratio of 51:49.
Research
Newcastle is a member of the Russell Group of 24 research-intensive universities. In the 2021 Research Excellence Framework (REF), which assesses the quality of research in UK higher education institutions, Newcastle is ranked joint 33rd by GPA (along with the University of Strathclyde and the University of Sussex) and 15th for research power (the grade point average score of a university, multiplied by the full-time equivalent number of researchers submitted).
Student life
Newcastle University Students' Union (NUSU), known as the Union Society until a 2012 rebranding, includes student-run sports clubs and societies.
The Union building was built in 1924 following a generous gift from an anonymous donor, who is now believed to have been Sir Cecil Cochrane, a major benefactor to the university.[87] It is built in the neo-Jacobean style and was designed by the local architect Robert Burns Dick. It was opened on 22 October 1925 by the Rt. Hon. Lord Eustace Percy, who later served as Rector of King's College from 1937 to 1952. It is a Grade II listed building. In 2010 the university donated £8 million towards a redevelopment project for the Union Building.
The Students' Union is run by seven paid sabbatical officers, including a Welfare and Equality Officer, and ten part-time unpaid officer positions. The former leader of the Liberal Democrats Tim Farron was President of NUSU in 1991–1992. The Students' Union also employs around 300 people in ancillary roles including bar staff and entertainment organisers.
The Courier is a weekly student newspaper. Established in 1948, the current weekly readership is around 12,000, most of whom are students at the university. The Courier has won The Guardian's Student Publication of the Year award twice in a row, in 2012 and 2013. It is published every Monday during term time.
Newcastle Student Radio is a student radio station based in the university. It produces shows on music, news, talk and sport and aims to cater for a wide range of musical tastes.
NUTV, known as TCTV from 2010 to 2017, is student television channel, first established in 2007. It produces live and on-demand content with coverage of events, as well as student-made programmes and shows.
Student exchange
Newcastle University has signed over 100 agreements with foreign universities allowing for student exchange to take place reciprocally.
Sport
Newcastle is one of the leading universities for sport in the UK and is consistently ranked within the top 12 out of 152 higher education institutions in the British Universities and Colleges Sport (BUCS) rankings. More than 50 student-led sports clubs are supported through a team of professional staff and a network of indoor and outdoor sports facilities based over four sites. The university have a strong rugby history and were the winners of the Northumberland Senior Cup in 1965.
The university enjoys a friendly sporting rivalry with local universities. The Stan Calvert Cup was held between 1994 and 2018 by major sports teams from Newcastle and Northumbria University. The Boat Race of the North has also taken place between the rowing clubs of Newcastle and Durham University.
As of 2023, Newcastle University F.C. compete in men's senior football in the Northern League Division Two.
The university's Cochrane Park sports facility was a training venue for the teams playing football games at St James' Park for the 2012 London Olympics.
A
Ali Mohamed Shein, 7th President of Zanzibar
Richard Adams - fairtrade businessman
Kate Adie - journalist
Yasmin Ahmad - Malaysian film director, writer and scriptwriter
Prince Adewale Aladesanmi - Nigerian prince and businessman
Jane Alexander - Bishop
Theodosios Alexander (BSc Marine Engineering 1981) - Dean, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology of Saint Louis University
William Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong - industrialist; in 1871 founded College of Physical Science, an early part of the University
Roy Ascott - new media artist
Dennis Assanis - President, University of Delaware
Neil Astley - publisher, editor and writer
Rodney Atkinson - eurosceptic conservative academic
Rowan Atkinson - comedian and actor
Kane Avellano - Guinness World Record for youngest person to circumnavigate the world by motorcycle (solo and unsupported) at the age of 23 in 2017
B
Bruce Babbitt - U.S. politician; 16th Governor of Arizona (1978–1987); 47th United States Secretary of the Interior (1993–2001); Democrat
James Baddiley - biochemist, based at Newcastle University 1954–1983; the Baddiley-Clark building is named in part after him
Tunde Baiyewu - member of the Lighthouse Family
John C. A. Barrett - clergyman
G. W. S. Barrow - historian
Neil Bartlett - chemist, creation of the first noble gas compounds (BSc and PhD at King's College, University of Durham, later Newcastle University)
Sue Beardsmore - television presenter
Alan Beith - politician
Jean Benedetti - biographer, translator, director and dramatist
Phil Bennion - politician
Catherine Bertola - contemporary painter
Simon Best - Captain of the Ulster Rugby team; Prop for the Ireland Team
Andy Bird - CEO of Disney International
Rory Jonathan Courtenay Boyle, Viscount Dungarvan - heir apparent to the earldom of Cork
David Bradley - science writer
Mike Brearley - professional cricketer, formerly a lecturer in philosophy at the university (1968–1971)
Constance Briscoe - one of the first black women to sit as a judge in the UK; author of the best-selling autobiography Ugly; found guilty in May 2014 on three charges of attempting to pervert the course of justice; jailed for 16 months
Steve Brooks - entomologist; attained BSc in Zoology and MSc in Public Health Engineering from Newcastle University in 1976 and 1977 respectively
Thom Brooks - academic, columnist
Gavin Brown - academic
Vicki Bruce - psychologist
Basil Bunting - poet; Northern Arts Poetry Fellow at Newcastle University (1968–70); honorary DLitt in 1971
John Burgan - documentary filmmaker
Mark Burgess - computer scientist
Sir John Burn - Professor of Clinical Genetics at Newcastle University Medical School; Medical Director and Head of the Institute of Genetics; Newcastle Medical School alumnus
William Lawrence Burn - historian and lawyer, history chair at King's College, Newcastle (1944–66)
John Harrison Burnett - botanist, chair of Botany at King's College, Newcastle (1960–68)
C.
Richard Caddel - poet
Ann Cairns - President of International Markets for MasterCard
Deborah Cameron - linguist
Stuart Cameron - lecturer
John Ashton Cannon - historian; Professor of Modern History; Head of Department of History from 1976 until his appointment as Dean of the Faculty of Arts in 1979; Pro-Vice-Chancellor 1983–1986
Ian Carr - musician
Jimmy Cartmell - rugby player, Newcastle Falcons
Steve Chapman - Principal and Vice-Chancellor of Heriot-Watt University
Dion Chen - Hong Kong educator, principal of Ying Wa College and former principal of YMCA of Hong Kong Christian College
Hsing Chia-hui - author
Ashraf Choudhary - scientist
Chua Chor Teck - Managing Director of Keppel Group
Jennifer A. Clack - palaeontologist
George Clarke - architect
Carol Clewlow - novelist
Brian Clouston - landscape architect
Ed Coode - Olympic gold medallist
John Coulson - chemical engineering academic
Caroline Cox, Baroness Cox - cross-bench member of the British House of Lords
Nicola Curtin – Professor of Experimental Cancer Therapeutics
Pippa Crerar - Political Editor of the Daily Mirror
D
Fred D'Aguiar - author
Julia Darling - poet, playwright, novelist, MA in Creative Writing
Simin Davoudi - academic
Richard Dawson - civil engineering academic and member of the UK Committee on Climate Change
Tom Dening - medical academic and researcher
Katie Doherty - singer-songwriter
Nowell Donovan - vice-chancellor for academic affairs and Provost of Texas Christian University
Catherine Douglas - Ig Nobel Prize winner for Veterinary Medicine
Annabel Dover - artist, studied fine art 1994–1998
Alexander Downer - Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs (1996–2007)
Chloë Duckworth - archaeologist and presenter
Chris Duffield - Town Clerk and Chief Executive of the City of London Corporation
E
Michael Earl - academic
Tom English - drummer, Maxïmo Park
Princess Eugenie - member of the British royal family. Eugenie is a niece of King Charles III and a granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II. She began studying at Newcastle University in September 2009, graduating in 2012 with a 2:1 degree in English Literature and History of Art.
F
U. A. Fanthorpe - poet
Frank Farmer - medical physicist; professor of medical physics at Newcastle University in 1966
Terry Farrell - architect
Tim Farron - former Liberal Democrat leader and MP for Westmorland and Lonsdale
Ian Fells - professor
Andy Fenby - rugby player
Bryan Ferry - singer, songwriter and musician, member of Roxy Music and solo artist; studied fine art
E. J. Field - neuroscientist, director of the university's Demyelinating Disease Unit
John Niemeyer Findlay - philosopher
John Fitzgerald - computer scientist
Vicky Forster - cancer researcher
Maximimlian (Max) Fosh- YouTuber and independent candidate in the 2021 London mayoral election.
Rose Frain - artist
G
Hugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster - aristocrat, billionaire, businessman and landowner
Peter Gibbs - television weather presenter
Ken Goodall - rugby player
Peter Gooderham - British ambassador
Michael Goodfellow - Professor in Microbial Systematics
Robert Goodwill - politician
Richard Gordon - author
Teresa Graham - accountant
Thomas George Greenwell - National Conservative Member of Parliament
H
Sarah Hainsworth - Pro-Vice-Chancellor and Executive Dean of the School of Engineering and Applied Science at Aston University
Reginald Hall - endocrinologist, Professor of Medicine (1970–1980)
Alex Halliday - Professor of Geochemistry, University of Oxford
Richard Hamilton - artist
Vicki L. Hanson - computer scientist; honorary doctorate in 2017
Rupert Harden - professional rugby union player
Tim Head - artist
Patsy Healey - professor
Alastair Heathcote - rower
Dorothy Heathcote - academic
Adrian Henri - 'Mersey Scene' poet and painter
Stephen Hepburn - politician
Jack Heslop-Harrison - botanist
Tony Hey - computer scientist; honorary doctorate 2007
Stuart Hill - author
Jean Hillier - professor
Ken Hodcroft - Chairman of Hartlepool United; founder of Increased Oil Recovery
Robert Holden - landscape architect
Bill Hopkins - composer
David Horrobin - entrepreneur
Debbie Horsfield - writer of dramas, including Cutting It
John House - geographer
Paul Hudson - weather presenter
Philip Hunter - educationist
Ronald Hunt – Art Historian who was librarian at the Art Department
Anya Hurlbert - visual neuroscientis
I
Martin Ince - journalist and media adviser, founder of the QS World University Rankings
Charles Innes-Ker - Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford
Mark Isherwood - politician
Jonathan Israel - historian
J
Alan J. Jamieson - marine biologist
George Neil Jenkins - medical researcher
Caroline Johnson - Conservative Member of Parliament
Wilko Johnson - guitarist with 1970s British rhythm and blues band Dr. Feelgood
Rich Johnston - comic book writer and cartoonist
Anna Jones - businesswoman
Cliff Jones - computer scientist
Colin Jones - historian
David E. H. Jones - chemist
Francis R. Jones - poetry translator and Reader in Translation Studies
Phil Jones - climatologist
Michael Jopling, Baron Jopling - Member of the House of Lords and the Conservative Party
Wilfred Josephs - dentist and composer
K
Michael King Jr. - civil rights leader; honorary graduate. In November 1967, MLK made a 24-hour trip to the United Kingdom to receive an honorary Doctorate of Civil Law from Newcastle University, becoming the first African American the institution had recognised in this way.
Panayiotis Kalorkoti - artist; studied B.A. (Hons) in Fine Art (1976–80); Bartlett Fellow in the Visual Arts (1988)
Rashida Karmali - businesswoman
Jackie Kay - poet, novelist, Professor of Creative Writing
Paul Kennedy - historian of international relations and grand strategy
Mark Khangure - neuroradiologist
L
Joy Labinjo - artist
Henrike Lähnemann - German medievalist
Dave Leadbetter - politician
Lim Boon Heng - Singapore Minister
Lin Hsin Hsin - IT inventor, artist, poet and composer
Anne Longfield - children's campaigner, former Children's Commissioner for England
Keith Ludeman - businessman
M
Jack Mapanje - writer and poet
Milton Margai - first prime minister of Sierra Leone (medical degree from the Durham College of Medicine, later Newcastle University Medical School)
Laurence Martin - war studies writer
Murray Martin, documentary and docudrama filmmaker, co-founder of Amber Film & Photography Collective
Adrian Martineau – medical researcher and professor of respiratory Infection and immunity at Queen Mary University of London
Carl R. May - sociologist
Tom May - professional rugby union player, now with Northampton Saints, and capped by England
Kate McCann – journalist and television presenter
Ian G. McKeith – professor of Old Age Psychiatry
John Anthony McGuckin - Orthodox Christian scholar, priest, and poet
Wyl Menmuir - novelist
Zia Mian - physicist
Richard Middleton - musicologist
Mary Midgley - moral philosopher
G.C.J. Midgley - philosopher
Moein Moghimi - biochemist and nanoscientist
Hermann Moisl - linguist
Anthony Michaels-Moore - Operatic Baritone
Joanna Moncrieff - Critical Psychiatrist
Theodore Morison - Principal of Armstrong College, Newcastle upon Tyne (1919–24)
Andy Morrell - footballer
Frank Moulaert - professor
Mo Mowlam - former British Labour Party Member of Parliament, former Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, lecturer at Newcastle University
Chris Mullin - former British Labour Party Member of Parliament, author, visiting fellow
VA Mundella - College of Physical Science, 1884—1887; lecturer in physics at the College, 1891—1896: Professor of Physics at Northern Polytechnic Institute and Principal of Sunderland Technical College.
Richard Murphy - architect
N
Lisa Nandy - British Labour Party Member of Parliament, former Shadow Foreign Secretary
Karim Nayernia - biomedical scientist
Dianne Nelmes - TV producer
O
Sally O'Reilly - writer
Mo O'Toole - former British Labour Party Member of European Parliament
P
Ewan Page - founding director of the Newcastle University School of Computing and briefly acting vice-chancellor; later appointed vice-chancellor of the University of Reading
Rachel Pain - academic
Amanda Parker - Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire since 2023
Geoff Parling - Leicester Tigers rugby player
Chris Patten, Baron Patten of Barnes - British Conservative politician and Chancellor of the University (1999–2009)
Chris M Pattinson former Great Britain International Swimmer 1976-1984
Mick Paynter - Cornish poet and Grandbard
Robert A. Pearce - academic
Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland - Chancellor of the University (1964–1988)
Jonathan Pile - Showbiz Editor, ZOO magazine
Ben Pimlott - political historian; PhD and lectureship at Newcastle University (1970–79)
Robin Plackett - statistician
Alan Plater - playwright and screenwriter
Ruth Plummer - Professor of Experimental Cancer Medicine at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research and Fellow of the UK's Academy of Medical Sciences.
Poh Kwee Ong - Deputy President of SembCorp Marine
John Porter - musician
Rob Powell - former London Broncos coach
Stuart Prebble - former chief executive of ITV
Oliver Proudlock - Made in Chelsea star; creator of Serge De Nîmes clothing line[
Mark Purnell - palaeontologist
Q
Pirzada Qasim - Pakistani scholar, Vice Chancellor of the University of Karachi
Joyce Quin, Baroness Quin - politician
R
Andy Raleigh - Rugby League player for Wakefield Trinity Wildcats
Brian Randell - computer scientist
Rupert Mitford, 6th Baron Redesdale - Liberal Democrat spokesman in the House of Lords for International Development
Alastair Reynolds - novelist, former research astronomer with the European Space Agency
Ben Rice - author
Lewis Fry Richardson - mathematician, studied at the Durham College of Science in Newcastle
Matthew White Ridley, 4th Viscount Ridley - Chancellor of the University 1988-1999
Colin Riordan - VC of Cardiff University, Professor of German Studies (1988–2006)
Susie Rodgers - British Paralympic swimmer
Nayef Al-Rodhan - philosopher, neuroscientist, geostrategist, and author
Neil Rollinson - poet
Johanna Ropner - Lord lieutenant of North Yorkshire
Sharon Rowlands - CEO of ReachLocal
Peter Rowlinson - Ig Nobel Prize winner for Veterinary Medicine
John Rushby - computer scientist
Camilla Rutherford - actress
S
Jonathan Sacks - former Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth
Ross Samson - Scottish rugby union footballer; studied history
Helen Scales - marine biologist, broadcaster, and writer
William Scammell - poet
Fred B. Schneider - computer scientist; honorary doctorate in 2003
Sean Scully - painter
Nigel Shadbolt - computer scientist
Tom Shakespeare - geneticist
Jo Shapcott - poet
James Shapiro - Canadian surgeon and scientist
Jack Shepherd - actor and playwright
Mark Shucksmith - professor
Chris Simms - crime thriller novel author
Graham William Smith - probation officer, widely regarded as the father of the national probation service
Iain Smith - Scottish politician
Paul Smith - singer, Maxïmo Park
John Snow - discoverer of cholera transmission through water; leader in the adoption of anaesthesia; one of the 8 students enrolled on the very first term of the Medical School
William Somerville - agriculturist, professor of agriculture and forestry at Durham College of Science (later Newcastle University)
Ed Stafford - explorer, walked the length of the Amazon River
Chris Steele-Perkins - photographer
Chris Stevenson - academic
Di Stewart - Sky Sports News reader
Diana Stöcker - German CDU Member of Parliament
Miodrag Stojković - genetics researcher
Miriam Stoppard - physician, author and agony aunt
Charlie van Straubenzee - businessman and investment executive
Peter Straughan - playwright and short story writer
T
Mathew Tait - rugby union footballer
Eric Thomas - academic
David Tibet - cult musician and poet
Archis Tiku - bassist, Maxïmo Park
James Tooley - professor
Elsie Tu - politician
Maurice Tucker - sedimentologist
Paul Tucker - member of Lighthouse Family
George Grey Turner - surgeon
Ronald F. Tylecote - archaeologist
V
Chris Vance - actor in Prison Break and All Saints
Géza Vermes - scholar
Geoff Vigar - lecturer
Hugh Vyvyan - rugby union player
W
Alick Walker - palaeontologist
Matthew Walker - Professor of Neuroscience and Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley
Tom Walker - Sunday Times foreign correspondent
Lord Walton of Detchant - physician; President of the GMC, BMA, RSM; Warden of Green College, Oxford (1983–1989)
Kevin Warwick - Professor of Cybernetics; former Lecturer in Electrical & Electronic Engineering
Duncan Watmore - footballer at Millwall F.C.
Mary Webb - artist
Charlie Webster - television sports presenter
Li Wei - Chair of Applied Linguistics at UCL Institute of Education, University College London
Joseph Joshua Weiss - Professor of Radiation Chemistry
Robert Westall - children's writer, twice winner of Carnegie Medal
Thomas Stanley Westoll - Fellow of the Royal Society
Gillian Whitehead - composer
William Whitfield - architect, later designed the Hadrian Building and the Northern Stage
Claire Williams - motorsport executive
Zoe Williams - sportswoman, worked on Gladiators
Donald I. Williamson - planktologist and carcinologist
Philip Williamson - former Chief Executive of Nationwide Building Society
John Willis - Royal Air Force officer and council member of the University
Lukas Wooller - keyboard player, Maxïmo Park
Graham Wylie - co-founder of the Sage Group; studied Computing Science & Statistics BSc and graduated in 1980; awarded an honorary doctorate in 2004
Y
Hisila Yami, Nepalese politician and former Minister of Physical Planning and Works (Government of Nepal
John Yorke - Controller of Continuing Drama; Head of Independent Drama at the BBC
Martha Young-Scholten - linguist
Paul Younger - hydrogeologist
for me, it* was more of a constant increase, with only minor peaks...
*sub4science promotion by nurdrage
Grant Thornton's annual matrimonial survey of leading UK family lawyers in 2011 revealed some of the key statistics of UK divorce: at what point in the marriage they are they most likely to happen, for what reason, who are the main instigators, how many cases are concealing assets and more…
- Read more at: www.grant-thornton.co.uk/en/Thinking/uk_statistics_of_div...
Our esteemed leader did a run through his photo statistics around his day 100, so I thought I would do the same.
Happy shots - 53
Sad shots - 18
Head shots - 27
Shots with no face - 21
Nude shots - 13 (not as many as I thought!)
Underwear/swimwear shots - 10
Dress ups - 6
Shots in Hats - 8
Silhouettes - 6
Wet - 1
Shots with silly face - 9
Shots at work - 2
B&W/Sepia shots - 19
Shots in dressing gown - 4
Shots with hubby - 4
Shots with dog - 7
I am at a loss to explain this. Anyone else care to guess why I might have had a spike in viewers like this?????
Consider Kacey Very Curious Indeed!
A few days ago I saw on my stats that I reached the 4 million view which is quite great I think!
I'd like to thank everybody who watch my pictures, comment them, favorite them etc! :)
This chart goes into detail on the percentage of students who felt as if they were a victim to cyber bullying. It seems as though there is no consistent pattern on the rate of bullying.
People with a history of cancer have a 40% greater likelihood of experiencing memory problems that interfere with daily functioning, compared with those who have not.
. . . the natural make-up of the women is called Thanaka. It is a cream made out of the bark of specific trees. Thanaka cream has been used by Burmese women for over 2000 years. It has a fragrant scent somewhat similar to sandalwood. The creamy paste is applied to the face in attractive designs, the most common form being a circular patch on each cheek, nose, sometimes made stripey with the fingers known as thanaka bè gya, or patterned in the shape of a leaf, often also highlighting the bridge of the nose with it at the same time. It may be applied from head to toe (thanaka chi zoun gaung zoun). Apart from cosmetic beauty, thanaka also gives a cooling sensation and provides protection from sunburn. It is believed to help remove acne and promote smooth skin. It is also an anti-fungal. The active ingredients of thanaka are coumarin and marmesin.
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Yangon (Burmese: ရန်ကုန်, MLCTS rankun mrui, pronounced: [jàɴɡòʊɴ mjo̰]; formerly known as Rangoon, literally: "End of Strife") is the capital of the Yangon Region of Myanmar, also known as Burma. Yangon served as the capital of Myanmar until 2006, when the military government relocated the capital to the purpose-built city of Naypyidaw in central Myanmar. With over 7 million people, Yangon is Myanmar's largest city and is its most important commercial centre.
Yangon boasts the largest number of colonial-era buildings in the region, and has a unique colonial-era urban core that is remarkably intact. The colonial-era commercial core is centred around the Sule Pagoda, which reputed to be over 2,000 years old. The city is also home to the gilded Shwedagon Pagoda — Myanmar's most sacred Buddhist pagoda. The mausoleum of the last Mughal Emperor is located in Yangon, where he had been exiled following the Indian Mutiny of 1857.
Yangon suffers from deeply inadequate infrastructure, especially compared to other major cities in Southeast Asia. Though many historic residential and commercial buildings have been renovated throughout central Yangon, most satellite towns that ring the city continue to be profoundly impoverished and lack basic infrastructure.
ETYMOLOGY
Yangon (ရန်ကုန်) is a combination of the two words yan (ရန်) and koun (ကုန်), which mean "enemies" and "run out of", respectively. It is also translated as "End of Strife". "Rangoon" most likely comes from the British imitation of the pronunciation of "Yangon" in the Arakanese language, which is [rɔ̀ɴɡʊ́ɴ].
HISTORY
EARLY HISTORY
Yangon was founded as Dagon in the early 11th century (c. 1028–1043) by the Mon, who dominated Lower Burma at that time. Dagon was a small fishing village centred about the Shwedagon Pagoda. In 1755, King Alaungpaya conquered Dagon, renamed it "Yangon", and added settlements around Dagon. The British captured Yangon during the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–26), but returned it to Burmese administration after the war. The city was destroyed by a fire in 1841.
COLONIAL RANGOON
The British seized Yangon and all of Lower Burma in the Second Anglo-Burmese War of 1852, and subsequently transformed Yangon into the commercial and political hub of British Burma. Yangon is also the place where the British sent Bahadur Shah II, the last Mughal emperor, to live after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Based on the design by army engineer Lt. Alexander Fraser, the British constructed a new city on a grid plan on delta land, bounded to the east by the Pazundaung Creek and to the south and west by the Yangon River. Yangon became the capital of all British-ruled Burma after the British had captured Upper Burma in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of 1885. By the 1890s Yangon's increasing population and commerce gave birth to prosperous residential suburbs to the north of Royal Lake (Kandawgyi) and Inya Lake. The British also established hospitals including Rangoon General Hospital and colleges including Rangoon University.
Colonial Yangon, with its spacious parks and lakes and mix of modern buildings and traditional wooden architecture, was known as "the garden city of the East." By the early 20th century, Yangon had public services and infrastructure on par with London.
Before World War II, about 55% of Yangon's population of 500,000 was Indian or South Asian, and only about a third was Bamar (Burman). Karens, the Chinese, the Anglo-Burmese and others made up the rest.
After World War I, Yangon became the epicentre of Burmese independence movement, with leftist Rangoon University students leading the way. Three nationwide strikes against the British Empire in 1920, 1936 and 1938 all began in Yangon. Yangon was under Japanese occupation (1942–45), and incurred heavy damage during World War II. The city was retaken by the Allies in May 1945.
Yangon became the capital of Union of Burma on 4 January 1948 when the country regained independence from the British Empire.
CONTEMPORARY YANGON
Soon after Burma's independence in 1948, many colonial names of streets and parks were changed to more nationalistic Burmese names. In 1989, the current military junta changed the city's English name to "Yangon", along with many other changes in English transliteration of Burmese names. (The changes have not been accepted by many Burmese who consider the junta unfit to make such changes, nor by many publications, news bureaus including, most notably, the BBC and foreign nations including the United Kingdom and United States.)
Since independence, Yangon has expanded outwards. Successive governments have built satellite towns such as Thaketa, North Okkalapa and South Okkalapa in the 1950s to Hlaingthaya,
Shwepyitha and South Dagon in the 1980s. Today, Greater Yangon encompasses an area covering nearly 600 square kilometres.
During Ne Win's isolationist rule (1962–88), Yangon's infrastructure deteriorated through poor maintenance and did not keep up with its increasing population. In the 1990s, the current military government's more open market policies attracted domestic and foreign investment, bringing a modicum of modernity to the city's infrastructure. Some inner city residents were forcibly relocated to new satellite towns. Many colonial-period buildings were demolished to make way for high-rise hotels, office buildings, and shopping malls, leading the city government to place about 200 notable colonial-period buildings under the Yangon City Heritage List in 1996. Major building programs have resulted in six new bridges and five new highways linking the city to its industrial back country. Still, much of Yangon remains without basic municipal services such as 24-hour electricity and regular garbage collection.
Yangon has become much more indigenous Burmese in its ethnic make-up since independence. After independence, many South Asians and Anglo-Burmese left. Many more South Asians were forced to leave during the 1960s by Ne Win's xenophobic government. Nevertheless, sizable South Asian and Chinese communities still exist in Yangon. The Anglo-Burmese have effectively disappeared, having left the country or intermarried with other Burmese groups.
Yangon was the centre of major anti-government protests in 1974, 1988 and 2007. The 1988 People Power Uprising resulted in the deaths of hundreds, if not thousands of Burmese civilians, many in Yangoon where hundreds of thousands of people flooded into the streets of the then capital city. The Saffron Revolution saw mass shootings and the use of crematoria in Yangoon by the Burmese government to erase evidence of their crimes against monks, unarmed protesters, journalists and students.
The city's streets saw bloodshed each time as protesters were gunned down by the government.
In May 2008, Cyclone Nargis hit Yangon. While the city had few human casualties, three quarters of Yangon's industrial infrastructure was destroyed or damaged, with losses estimated at US$800 million.
In November 2005, the military government designated Naypyidaw, 320 kilometres north of Yangon, as the new administrative capital, and subsequently moved much of the government to the newly developed city. At any rate, Yangon remains the largest city, and the most important commercial centre of Myanmar.
GEOGRAPHY
Yangon is located in Lower Burma (Myanmar) at the convergence of the Yangon and Bago Rivers about 30 km away from the Gulf of Martaban at 16°48' North, 96°09' East (16.8, 96.15). Its standard time zone is UTC/GMT +6:30 hours.
CLIMATE
Yangon has a tropical monsoon climate under the Köppen climate classification system. The city features a lengthy wet season from May through October where a substantial amount of rainfall is received; and a dry season from November through April, where little rainfall is seen. It is primarily due to the heavy rainfall received during the rainy season that Yangon falls under the tropical monsoon climate category. During the course of the year 1961 to 1990s, average temperatures show little variance, with average highs ranging from 29 to 36 °C and average lows ranging from 18 to 25 °C.
CITYSCAPE
Until the mid-1990s, Yangon remained largely constrained to its traditional peninsula setting between the Bago, Yangon and Hlaing rivers. People moved in, but little of the city moved out. Maps from 1944 show little development north of Inya Lake and areas that are now layered in cement and stacked with houses were then virtual backwaters. Since the late 1980s, however, the city began a rapid spread north to where Yangon International airport now stands. But the result is a stretching tail on the city, with the downtown area well removed from its geographic centre. The city's area has steadily increased from 72.52 square kilometres in 1901 to 86.2 square kilometres in 1940 to 208.51 square kilometres in 1974, to 346.13 square kilometres in 1985, and to 598.75 square kilometres in 2008.
ARCHITECTURE
Downtown Yangon is known for its leafy avenues and fin-de-siècle architecture. The former British colonial capital has the highest number of colonial period buildings in south-east Asia. Downtown Yangon is still mainly made up of decaying colonial buildings. The former High Court, the former Secretariat buildings, the former St. Paul's English High School and the Strand Hotel are excellent examples of the bygone era. Most downtown buildings from this era are four-story mix-use (residential and commercial) buildings with 4.3 m ceilings, allowing for the construction of mezzanines. Despite their less-than-perfect conditions, the buildings remain highly sought after and most expensive in the city's property market.
In 1996, the Yangon City Development Committee created a Yangon City Heritage List of old buildings and structures in the city that cannot be modified or torn down without approval. In 2012, the city of Yangon imposed a 50-year moratorium on demolition of buildings older than 50 years. The Yangon Heritage Trust, an NGO started by Thant Myint-U, aims to create heritage areas in Downtown, and attract investors to renovate buildings for commercial use.
A latter day hallmark of Yangon is the eight-story apartment building. (In Yangon parlance, a building with no elevators (lifts) is called an apartment building and one with elevators is called a condominium. Condos which have to invest in a local power generator to ensure 24-hour electricity for the elevators are beyond the reach of most Yangonites.) Found throughout the city in various forms, eight-story apartment buildings provide relatively inexpensive housing for many Yangonites. The apartments are usually eight stories high (including the ground floor) mainly because city regulations, until February 2008, required that all buildings higher than 23 m or eight stories to install lifts. The current code calls for elevators in buildings higher than 19 m or six stories, likely ushering in the era of the six-story apartment building. Although most apartment buildings were built only within the last 20 years, they look much older and rundown due to shoddy construction and lack of proper maintenance.
Unlike other major Asian cities, Yangon does not have any skyscrapers. Aside from a few high-rise hotels and office towers, most high-rise buildings (usually 10 stories and up) are "condos" scattered across prosperous neighbourhoods north of downtown such as Bahan, Dagon, Kamayut and Mayangon. The tallest building in Yangon, Pyay Gardens, is a 25-story condo in the city's north.
Older satellite towns such as Thaketa, North Okkalapa and South Okkalapa are lined mostly with one to two story detached houses with access to the city's electricity grid. Newer satellite towns such as North Dagon and South Dagon are still essentially slums in a grid layout. The satellite towns - old or new - receive little or no municipal services.
ROAD LAYOUT
Downtown Yangon's road layout follows a grid pattern, based on four types of roads:
Broad 49-m wide roads running west to east
Broad 30-m wide roads running south to north
Two narrow 9.1-m wide streets running south to north
Mid-size 15-m wide streets running south to north
The east-west grid of central was laid out by British military engineers Fraser and Montgomerie after the Second Anglo-Burmese War. The city was later developed by the Public Works Department and Bengal Corps of Engineers. The pattern of south to north roads is as follows: one broad 30 m wide broad road, two narrow streets, one mid-size street, two more narrow streets, and then another 30 m wide broad road. This order is repeated from west to east. The narrow streets are numbered; the medium and broad roads are named.
For example, the 30 m Lanmadaw Road is followed by 9.1 m-wide 17th and 18th streets then the medium 15 m Sint-Oh-Dan Road, the 30-foot 19th and 20th streets, followed by another 30 m wide Latha Road, followed again by the two numbered small roads 21st and 22nd streets, and so on.
The roads running parallel west to east were the Strand Road, Merchant Road, Maha Bandula (née Dalhousie) Road, Anawrahta (Fraser) Road, and Bogyoke Aung San (Montgomerie) Road.
PARKS AND GARDENS
The largest and best maintained parks in Yangon are located around Shwedagon Pagoda. To the south-east of the gilded stupa is the most popular recreational area in the city – Kandawgyi Lake. The 61-ha lake is surrounded by the 45-ha Kandawgyi Nature Park, and the 28-ha Yangon Zoological Gardens, which consists of a zoo, an aquarium and an amusement park. West of the pagoda towards the former Hluttaw (Parliament) complex is the 53-ha People's Square and Park, (the former parading ground on important national days when Yangon was the capital.) A few miles north of the pagoda lies the 15-ha Inya Lake Park – a favorite hangout place of Yangon University students, and a well-known place of romance in Burmese popular culture.
Hlawga National Park and Allied War Memorial at the outskirts of the city are popular day-trip destinations with the well-to-do and tourists.
Yangon Book Plaza, the first and biggest book shop in Myanmar was opened on February 26, 2017 on the fifth floor of Than Zay Market in Lanmadaw Township, Yangon.
ADMINISTRATION
Yangon is administered by the Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC). YCDC also coordinates urban planning. The city is divided into four districts. The districts combined have a total of 33 townships. The current mayor of Yangon is Maung Maung Soe. Each township is administered by a committee of township leaders, who make decisions regarding city beautification and infrastructure. Myo-thit (lit. "New Towns", or satellite towns) are not within such jurisdictions.
TRANSPORT
Yangon is Burma's main domestic and international hub for air, rail, and ground transportation.
AIR
Yangon International Airport, located 19 km from the centre, is the country's main gateway for domestic and international air travel. The airport has three terminals, known as T1, T2 and T3 which is also known as Domestic. It has direct flights to regional cities in Asia – mainly, Doha, Dubai, Dhaka, Kolkata, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Beijing, Seoul, Guangzhou, Taipei, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Kunming and Singapore. Although domestic airlines offer service to about twenty domestic locations, most flights are to tourist destinations such as Bagan, Mandalay, Heho and Ngapali, and to the capital Naypyidaw.
RAILWAYS
Yangon Central Railway Station is the main terminus of Myanmar Railways' 5,403-kilometre rail network whose reach covers Upper Myanmar (Naypyidaw, Mandalay, Shwebo), upcountry (Myitkyina), Shan hills (Taunggyi, Lashio) and the Taninthayi coast (Mawlamyaing, Dawei).
Yangon Circular Railway operates a 45.9-kilometre 39-station commuter rail network that connects Yangon's satellite towns. The system is heavily utilized by the local populace, selling about 150,000 tickets daily. The popularity of the commuter line has jumped since the government reduced petrol subsidies in August 2007.
BUSES AND CARS
Yangon has a 4,456-kilometre road network of all types (tar, concrete and dirt) in March 2011. Many of the roads are in poor condition and not wide enough to accommodate an increasing number of cars. The vast majority of Yangon residents cannot afford a car and rely on an extensive network of buses to get around. Over 300 public and private bus lines operate about 6,300 crowded buses around the city, carrying over 4.4 million passengers a day. All buses and 80% of the taxis in Yangon run on compressed natural gas (CNG), following the 2005 government decree to save money on imported petroleum. Highway buses to other cities depart from Dagon Ayeyar Highway Bus Terminal for Irrawaddy delta region and Aung Mingala Highway Bus Terminal for other parts of the country.
Motor transportation in Yangon is highly expensive for most of its citizens. As the government allows only a few thousand cars to be imported each year in a country with over 50 million people, car prices in Yangon (and in Burma) are among the highest in the world. In July 2008, the two most popular cars in Yangon, 1986/87 Nissan Sunny Super Saloon and 1988 Toyota Corolla SE Limited, cost the equivalent of about US$20,000 and US$29,000 respectively. A sports utility vehicle, imported for the equivalent of around US$50,000, goes for US$250,000. Illegally imported unregistered cars are cheaper – typically about half the price of registered cars. Nonetheless, car usage in Yangon is on the rise, a sign of rising incomes for some, and already causes much traffic congestion in highway-less Yangon's streets. In 2011, Yangon had about 300,000 registered motor vehicles in addition to an unknown number of unregistered ones.
Since 1970, cars have been driven on the right side of the road in Burma, as part of a military decree. However, as the government has not required left hand drive (LHD) cars to accompany the right side road rules, many cars on the road are still right hand drive (RHD) made for driving on the left side. Japanese used cars, which make up most of the country's imports, still arrive with RHD and are never converted to LHD. As a result, Burmese drivers have to rely on their passengers when passing other cars.
Within Yangon city limits, it is illegal to drive trishaws, bicycles, and motorcycles. Since February 2010, pickup truck bus lines have been forbidden to run in 6 townships of central Yangon, namely Latha, Lanmadaw, Pabedan, Kyauktada, Botahtaung and Pazundaung Townships. In May 2003, a ban on using car horns was implemented in six townships of Downtown Yangon to reduce noise pollution. In April 2004, the car horn ban was expanded to cover the entire city.
RIVER
Yangon's four main passenger jetties, all located on or near downtown waterfront, mainly serve local ferries across the river to Dala and Thanlyin, and regional ferries to the Irrawaddy delta. The 35-km Twante Canal was the quickest route from Yangon to the Irrawaddy delta until the 1990s when roads between Yangon and the Irrawaddy Division became usable year-round. While passenger ferries to the delta are still used, those to Upper Burma via the Irrawaddy river are now limited mostly to tourist river cruises.
DEMOGRAPHICS
Yangon is the most populous city by far in Burma although estimates of the size of its population vary widely. All population figures are estimates since no official census has been conducted in Burma since 1983. A UN estimate puts the population as 4.35 million in 2010 but a 2009 U.S. State Department estimate puts it at 5.5 million. The U.S. State Department's estimate is probably closer to the real number since the UN number is a straight-line projection, and does not appear to take the expansion of city limits in the past two decades into account. The city's population grew sharply after 1948 as many people (mainly, the indigenous Burmese) from other parts of the country moved into the newly built satellite towns of North Okkalapa, South Okkalapa, and Thaketa in the 1950s and East Dagon, North Dagon and South Dagon in the 1990s. Immigrants have founded their regional associations (such as Mandalay Association, Mawlamyaing Association, etc.) in Yangon for networking purposes. The government's decision to move the nation's administrative capital to Naypyidaw has drained an unknown number of civil servants away from Yangon.
Yangon is the most ethnically diverse city in the country. While Indians formed the slight majority prior to World War II, today, the majority of the population is of indigenous Bamar (Burman) descent. Large communities of Indians/South Asian Burmese and the Chinese Burmese exist especially in the traditional downtown neighborhoods. A large number of Rakhine and Karen also live in the city.
Burmese is the principal language of the city. English is by far the preferred second language of the educated class. In recent years, however, the prospect of overseas job opportunities has enticed
some to study other languages: Mandarin Chinese is most popular, followed by Japanese, and French.
RELIGIONS
The primary religions practiced in Yangon are Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, and Islam. Shwedagon Pagoda is a famous religious landmark in the city.
MEDIA
Yangon is the country's hub for the movie, music, advertising, newspaper and book publishing industries. All media is heavily regulated by the military government. Television broadcasting is off limits to the private sector. All media content must first be approved by the government's media censor board, Press Scrutiny and Registration Division.
Most television channels in the country are broadcast from Yangon. TV Myanmar and Myawaddy TV are the two main channels, providing Burmese-language programming in news and entertainment. Other special interest channels are MWD-1 and MWD-2, MRTV-3, the English-language channel that targets overseas audiences via satellite and via Internet, MRTV-4 and Channel 7 are with a focus on non-formal education programs and movies, and Movie 5, a pay-TV channel specializing in broadcasting foreign movies.
Yangon has three radio stations. Myanmar Radio National Service is the national radio service and broadcasts mostly in Burmese (and in English during specific times.) Pop culture oriented Yangon City FM and Mandalay City FM radio stations specialize in Burmese and English pop music, entertainment programs, live celebrity interviews, etc. New radio channels such as Shwe FM and Pyinsawaddy FM can also be tuned with the city area.
Nearly all print media and industries are based out of Yangon. All three national newspapers – two Burmese language dailies Myanma Alin (မြန်မာ့အလင်း) and Kyemon (ကြေးမုံ), and the English language The New Light of Myanmar — are published by the government. Semi-governmental The Myanmar Times weekly, published in Burmese and in English, is mainly geared for Yangon's expatriate community. Over twenty special interest journals and magazines covering sports, fashion, finance, crime, literature (but never politics) vie for the readership of the general populace.
Access to foreign media is extremely difficult. Satellite television in Yangon, and in Burma, is very expensive as the government imposes an annual registration fee of one million kyats. Certain foreign newspapers and periodicals such as the International Herald Tribune and the Straits Times can be found only in a few (mostly downtown) bookstores. Internet access in Yangon, which has the best telecommunication infrastructure in the country, is slow and erratic at best, and the Burmese government implements one of the world's most restrictive regimes of Internet control. International text messaging and voice messaging was permitted only in August 2008.
COMMUNICATION
Common facilities taken for granted elsewhere are luxury prized items in Yangon and Burma. The price of a GSM mobile phone was about K1.1 million in August 2008. In 2007, the country of 55 million had only 775,000 phone lines (including 275,000 mobile phones), and 400,000 computers. Even in Yangon, which has the best infrastructure, the estimated telephone penetration rate was only 6% at the end of 2004, and the official waiting time for a telephone line was 3.6 years. Most people cannot afford a computer and have to use the city's numerous Internet cafes to access a heavily restricted Internet, and a heavily censored local intranet. According to official statistics, in July 2010, the country had over 400,000 Internet users, with the vast majority hailing from just two cities, Yangon and Mandalay. Although Internet access was available in 42 cities across the country, the number of users outside the two main cities was just over 10,000.
LIFESTYLE
Yangon's property market is the most expensive in the country and beyond the reach of most Yangonites. Most rent outside the centre and few can afford to rent such apartments. (In 2008, rents for a typical 60 to 70 m2 apartments in the centre and vicinity range between K70,000 and K150,000 and those for high end condos between K200,000 and K500,000.)
Most men of all ages (and some women) spend their time at ubiquitous tea-shops, found in any corner or street of the city. Watching European football (mostly English Premier League with occasional La Liga, Serie A, Bundesliga) matches while sipping tea is a popular pastime among many Yangonites. The average person stays close to his or her residential neighbourhood. The well-to-do tend to visit shopping malls and parks on weekends. Some leave the city on weekends for Chaungtha and Ngwesaung beach resorts in Ayeyarwady Division.
Yangon is also home to many pagoda festivals (paya pwe), held during dry-season months (November – March). The most famous of all, the Shwedagon Pagoda Festival in March, attracts thousands of pilgrims from around the country.
Yangon's museums are the domain of tourists and rarely visited by the locals.
Most of Yangon's larger hotels offer some kind of nightlife entertainment, geared towards tourists and the well-to-do Burmese. Some hotels offer traditional Burmese performing arts shows complete with a traditional Burmese orchestra. The pub scene in larger hotels is more or less the same as elsewhere in Asia. Other options include karaoke bars and pub restaurants in Yangon Chinatown.
Due to the problems of high inflation, the lack of high denomination notes, and the fact that many of the population do not have access to checks, or credit or debit cards, it is common to see citizens carrying a considerable amount of cash. (The highest denomination of Burmese currency kyat is 10 000 (~US$10.)) Credit cards are only rarely used in the city, chiefly in the more lavish hotels. Credit cards are also accepted in the major supermarket and convenience store chains.
SPORTS
As the city has the best sporting facilities in the country, most national-level annual sporting tournaments such as track and field, football, volleyball, tennis and swimming are held in Yangon. The 40,000-seat Aung San Stadium and the 32,000-seat Thuwunna Stadium are the main venues for the highly popular annual State and Division football tournament. Until April 2009, the now defunct Myanmar Premier League, consisted of 16 Yangon-based clubs, played all its matches in Yangon stadiums, and attracted little interest from the general public or commercial success despite the enormous popularity of football in Burma. Most Yangonites prefer watching European football on satellite TV. Teams such as Manchester United, Liverpool, Chelsea, Real Madrid, Barcelona, Bayern Munich and Manchester City are among the favorite European teams among the Yangonites. It remains to be seen whether the Myanmar National League, the country's first professional football league, and its Yangon-based club Yangon United FC will attract a sufficient following in the country's most important media market.
Yangon is also home to annual the Myanmar Open golf tournament, and the Myanmar Open tennis tournament. The city hosted the 1961 and 1969 South East Asian Games. During colonial times, cricket was played mostly by British officials in the city. First-class cricket was played in the city in January 1927 when the touring Marylebone Cricket Club played Burma and the Rangoon Gymkhana. Two grounds were used to host these matches, the BAA Ground and the Gymkhana Ground. These matches mark the only time Burma and Rangoon Gymkhana have appeared in first-class cricket, and the only time first-class cricket has been played in Burma. After independence cricket all but died out in the country.
Yangon has a growing population of skateboarders, as documented in the films Altered Focus: Burma and Youth of Yangon. German non-profit organization Make Life Skate Life has received permission from the Yangon City Development Committee to construct a concrete skatepark at Thakin Mya park in downtown, and plans to complete the park in November 2015.
ECONOMY
Yangon is the country's main centre for trade, industry, real estate, media, entertainment and tourism. The city represents about one fifth of the national economy. According to official statistics for FY 2010–2011, the size of the economy of Yangon Region was 8.93 trillion kyats, or 23% of the national GDP.
The city is Lower Burma's main trading hub for all kinds of merchandise – from basic food stuffs to used cars although commerce continues to be hampered by the city's severely underdeveloped banking industry and communication infrastructure. Bayinnaung Market is the largest wholesale centre in the country for rice, beans and pulses, and other agricultural commodities. Much of the country's legal imports and exports go through Thilawa Port, the largest and busiest port in Burma. There is also a great deal of informal trade, especially in street markets that exist alongside street platforms of Downtown Yangon's townships. However, on 17 June 2011, the YCDC announced that street vendors, who had previously been allowed to legally open shop at 3 pm, would be prohibited from selling on the streets, and permitted to sell only in their townships of residence, presumably to clean up the city's image. Since 1 December 2009, high-density polyethylene plastic bags have been banned by city authorities.
Manufacturing accounts for a sizable share of employment. At least 14 light industrial zones ring Yangon, directly employing over 150,000 workers in 4,300 factories in early 2010. The city is the centre of country's garment industry which exported US$292 million in 2008/9 fiscal year. More than 80 percent of factory workers in Yangon work on a day-to-day basis. Most are young women between 15 and 27 years of age who come from the countryside in search of a better life. The manufacturing sector suffers from both structural problems (e.g. chronic power shortages) and political.
problems (e.g. economic sanctions). In 2008, Yangon's 2500 factories alone needed about 120 MW of power; yet, the entire city received only about 250 MW of the 530 MW needed. Chronic power shortages limit the factories' operating hours between 8 am and 6 pm.
Construction is a major source of employment. The construction industry has been negatively affected by the move of state apparatus and civil servants to Naypyidaw, new regulations introduced in August 2009 requiring builders to provide at least 12 parking spaces in every new high-rise building, and the general poor business climate. As of January 2010, the number of new high-rise building starts approved in 2009–2010 was only 334, compared to 582 in 2008–2009.
Tourism represents a major source of foreign currency for the city although by south-east Asian standards the number of foreign visitors to Yangon has always been quite low - about 250,000 before the Saffron Revolution in September 2007. The number of visitors dipped even further following the Saffron Revolution and Cyclone Nargis. The recent improvement in the country's political climate has attracted an increasing number of businessmen and tourists. Between 300,000 and 400,000 visitors that went through Yangon International in 2011. However, after years of underinvestment, Yangon's modest hotel infrastructure - only 3000 of the total 8000 hotel rooms in Yangon are "suitable for tourists" - is already bursting at seams, and will need to be expanded to handle additional visitors. As part of an urban development strategy, a hotel zone has been planned in Yangon's outskirts, encompassing government- and military-owned land in Mingaladon, Hlegu and Htaukkyant Townships.
EDUCATION
Yangon educational facilities has a very high number of qualified teachers but the state spending on education is among the lowest of the world. Around 2007 estimate by the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies puts the spending for education at 0.5% of the national budget. The disparity in educational opportunities and achievement between rich and poor schools is quite stark even within the city. With little or no state support forthcoming, schools have to rely on forced "donations" and various fees from parents for nearly everything – school maintenance to teachers' salaries, forcing many poor students to drop out.
While many students in poor districts fail to reach high school, a handful of Yangon high schools in wealthier districts such as Dagon 1, Sanchaung 2, Kamayut 2, Bahan 2, Latha 2, and TTC provide the majority of students admitted to the most selective universities in the country, highlighting the extreme shallowness of talent pool in the country. The wealthy bypass the state education system altogether, sending their children to private English language instruction schools such as YIEC or more widely known as ISM, or abroad (typically Singapore or Australia) for university education. In 2014, international schools in Yangon cost at least US$8,000 a year.
There are over 20 universities and colleges in the city. While Yangon University remains the best known (its main campus is a part of popular Burmese culture e.g. literature, music, film, etc.), the nation's oldest university is now mostly a graduate school, deprived of undergraduate studies. Following the 1988 nationwide uprising, the military government has repeatedly closed universities, and has dispersed most of undergraduate student population to new universities in the suburbs such as Dagon University, the University of East Yangon and the University of West Yangon. Nonetheless many of the country's most selective universities are still in Yangon. Students from around the country still have to come to study in Yangon as some subjects are offered only at its universities. The University of Medicine 1, University of Medicine 2, Yangon Technological University, University of Computer Studies and Myanmar Maritime University are the most selective in the country.
HEALTH CARE
The general state of health care in Yangon is poor. According to a 2007 estimate, the military government spends 0.4% of the national budget on health care, and 40% to 60% on defense. By the government's own figures, it spends 849 kyats (US$0.85) per person. Although health care is nominally free, in reality, patients have to pay for medicine and treatment, even in public clinics and hospitals. Public hospitals including the flagship Yangon General Hospital lack many of the basic facilities and equipment.
Wealthier Yangonites still have access to country's best medical facilities and internationally qualified doctors. Only Yangon and Mandalay have any sizable number of doctors left as many Burmese doctors have emigrated. The well-to-do go to private clinics or hospitals like Pun Hlaing International Hospital and Bahosi Medical Clinic. Medical malpractice is widespread, even in private clinics and hospitals that serve the well-to-do. In 2009 and 2010, a spate of high-profile deaths brought out the severity of the problem, even for the relatively well off Yangonites. The wealthy do not rely on domestic hospitals and travel abroad, usually Bangkok or Singapore, for treatment.
WIKIPEDIA
You should read all of Michael Blastland's articles where he regularly debunks meaningless statistics in the press.
One of the most hit per day in my flickr --> 25K in 24 hours. The B2B event does have many audiences compare to other event in the city. How many hits of your flickr B2B event photos? Subject matters!!! Am I right? Have you ever attended this event? It was a FUN event to attend/watch/walk/run/snap photos compare to other S.F. events. However, I walked this year from the starting point to Golden Gate Park for about 5+ miles. on the other hand, I did not catch all other different costumes because I walked the flow. I see someone has much better photos than mine and they stayed in the same spot for couple hours. Well, that is San Fran! the famous city in the world with many reasons! the 2B2 is one of them compare to other popular events in the city. Chinese New Year Parade, Cherry Blossom Festival/Grande Parade, Carnaval parade, LGBT parade, 4th July fireworks,Nihonmachi street fair, S.F. International Dragon boat race, Fleet Week S.F. LoveFest?? EE Ball.. much more :-p).. well there are just many of them in almost each weekend.
BTW.. the B2B 2012 event is in here... be ready for it next year.
www.facebook.com/event.php?eid=149467561788038
Always happy shooting!!!
Here for your most comfort to view my photos. Please click flickr photo slide show to enjoy my photostream.
All Images Copyright © David Yu Photography. All Rights Reserved. Please contact me before use in any publication.
Marathoners: First Name: C & D
The following is a list of Ottawa, Gatineau and area marathoners who have first names starting with a C or D.
The names link to Sportstats' running statistics, as well as race pictures.
Marathon pictures are available for sale from ASI Photos., Zoom Photo, etc.
(in order by first name)
175….Cal Martell….Ottawa
176….Cal Mitchell….Ottawa
177….Caleb Netting….Ottawa
178….Camille West….Ottawa
179….Carl Lacroix….Rockland
180….Carl Puskas….Gloucester
181….Carole Barabe….Orleans
182….Carole Gagnon….Orleans
183….Carole Perkins….Kemptville
184….Carolyn Botting….Ottawa
185….Carolyn Denyer-Perkins….Ottawa
186….Carolyn Leckie….Ottawa
187….Carolyn Tapp….Ottawa
188….Carolyne Dube….Gatineau
189….Casey Cerson….Ottawa
190….Cassandra Chouinard….Ottawa
191….Catherine Dabee….Stittsville
192….Catherine Henry….Ottawa
193….Catherine Milley….Ottawa
194….Catherine Rivard….Ottawa
195….Cathie Radley….Stittsville
196….Cathy James….Perth
197….Cathy Mckinnon….Ottawa
198….Cathy Pacella….Ottawa
199….Cathy Takahashi….Ottawa
200….Cayman Rock….Ottawa
201….Cecilia Jorgenson….Kanata
202….Celine Couture….Gatineau
203….Chad Humeniuk….Ottawa
204….Chanchoura Schmoll….Nepean
205….Chantal Campbell….Ottawa
206….Chantal Paquet….Gatineau
207….Chantal Pilon….Ottawa
208….Chantal Roy….Gatineau
209….Chantale Charbonneau….Orleans
210….Chantelle Woods….Nepean
211….Charles Bruce….Manotick
212….Charles Carriere….Rockland
213….Charles Colwell….Kinburn
214….Charles Filion….Gatineau
215….Charles Johnson….Ottawa
216….Charles Momy….Orleans
217….Charles Pryce….Ottawa
218….Chelsea Howard….Ottawa
219….Cheney Glenn….Ottawa
220….Cheryl Mason….Ottawa
221….Chris Bartholomew….Ottawa
222….Chris Fenwick….Ottawa
223….Chris Galley….Ottawa
224….Chris Jermyn….Ottawa
225….Chris Jones….Ottawa
226….Chris Leger….Stittsville
227….Chris Loder….Carleton Place
228….Chris Morrison….Orleans
229….Chris Murawsky….Kanata
230….Chris Snow….Ottawa
231….Chris Steele….Ottawa
232….Chris Van Norman….Nepean
233….Chris Warren….Ottawa
234….Christe Desgranges-Farquh….Ottawa
235….Christian Brunet….Ottawa
236….Christian Cattan….Ottawa
237….Christian Jacques….Gatineau
238….Christian Lavoie….Ottawa
239….Christian Renaud….Gatineau
240….Christian Roy….Pembroke
241….Christian Vezina….Gatineau
242….Christine Geraghty….Ottawa
243….Christine Jerumanis….Woodlawn
244….Christine Strucchelli….Ottawa
245….Christine Turmaine….Ottawa
246….Christopher Bredeson….Nepean
247….Christopher Daniel….Gatineau
248….Christopher Edwards….Ottawa
249….Christopher Kelly….Ottawa
250….Christopher MacKay….Ottawa
251….Christopher Mah….Ottawa
252….Christopher Murray….Ottawa
253….Christopher Paine….Ottawa
254….Christopher Reid….Ottawa
255….Christopher Ryan….Perth
256….Christopher Yule….Ottawa
257….Cindy Chung….Ottawa
258….Cinthia Lepine….Gatineau
259….Clarence Malenfant….Orleans
260….Claude Béland….Ottawa
261….Claude Brault….Gloucester
262….Claude Ferland….Ottawa
263….Claude Motard….Chelsea
264….Claude Papineau….Ottawa
265….Claude Tardif….Ottawa
266….Claudia McSmythurs….Kanata
267….Clay Rob….Ottawa
268….Clifford Jones-Dube….Ottawa
269….Colin Marvin….Ottawa
270….Colin McFarlane….Ottawa
271….Colleen Bastien….Ottawa
272….Colleen Bigelow….Ottawa
273….Colleen Bird….Nepean
274….Colleen Daly….Ottawa
275….Colleen M. Berry….Renfrew
276….Colleen McCutcheon….Ottawa
277….Constance Palubiskie….Arnprior
278….Corey Wilson….Nepean
279….Corinne Lalonde….Almonte
280….Cory Van Hoof….Ottawa
281….Costas Farassoglou….Gloucester
282….Craig Beckett….Gatineau
283….Craig Crawley….Ottawa
284….Craig Forcese….Ottawa
285….Craig Kowalik….Ottawa
286….Craig Lynch….Nepean
287….Craig Lyons….Kanata
288….Craig Taylor….Ottawa
289….Crystal Shreve….Ottawa
290….Crystal Thompson….Kanata
291….Curtis Wiebe….Eganville
292….D. Fabrice Kagame….Gatineau
293….Dale Costello….Stittsville
294….Dale Gladwin….Maitland
295….Dale Joynt….Almonte
296….Dale Richardson….Kemptville
297….Dale Sandy….Ottawa
298….Damien Boyle….Ottawa
299….Dan Carnrite….Ottawa
300….Dan Howes….Ottawa
301….Dan Kelly….Kanata
302….Dan Macdonald….Orleans
303….Dan St-Arnaud….Ottawa
304….Dana Lee….Nepean
305….Daniel Anderson….Ottawa
306….Daniel Farris….Stittsville
307….Daniel Gauthier….Ottawa
308….Daniel Genet….Gatineau
309….Daniel Mercer….Gatineau
310….Daniel Olson….Chelsea
311….Daniel Reifler….Ottawa
312….Daren Kelland….Ottawa
313….Darlene Joyce….Ottawa
314….Darrell De Grandmont….Gatineau
315….Darren Gilmour….Ottawa
316….Darren Johnston….Stittsville
317….Darryl Cathcart….Petawawa
318….Daryl Howes….Ottawa
319….Dave Crawford….Orleans
320….Dave Goods….Ottawa
321….Dave Jenniss….Gatineau
322….Dave Jones….Kanata
323….Dave King….Orleans
324….Dave Marcotte….Ottawa
325….Dave McMahon….Chelsea
326….Dave Rayner….Chelsea
327….Dave Silvester….Ottawa
328….David Adderley….Ottawa
329….David Antonyshyn….Ottawa
330….David Barkley….Stittsville
331….David Bedard….Ottawa
332….David Bergeron….Ottawa
333….David Dawson….Ottawa
334….David Daze….Nepean
335….David De Almeida….Ottawa
336….David Duchesne….Ottawa
337….David Fobert….Ottawa
338….David Follows….Ottawa
339….David Hartholt….Stittsville
340….David Hunter….Ottawa
341….David Innes….Ottawa
342….David King….Orleans
343….David McCaw….Ottawa
344….David McClintock….Ottawa
345….David Michaud….Aylmer
346….David Moon….Arnprior
347….David Morgan….Ottawa
348….David Nogas….Ottawa
349….David Perry….Ottawa
350….David Rain….Ottawa
351….David Sloan….Kanata
352….David Tappin….Ottawa
353….David Tischhauser….Orleans
354….David Toomey….Ottawa
355….Dawn Carruthers….Richmond
356….Dawn Lomer….Ottawa
357….Dawn Montgomery….Ottawa
358….Dean Belway….Ottawa
359….Deborah Yu….Ottawa
360….Debra Ducharme….Ottawa
361….Denis Binette….Ottawa
362….Denis Gratton….Ottawa
363….Denise Morin….Stittsville
364….Dennene Huntley….Ottawa
365….Dennis Benoit….Ottawa
366….Dennis Smith….Ottawa
367….Dennis Toews….Ottawa
368….Dennis Waite….Ottawa
369….Derek Crabbe….Petawawa
370….Derek Dean….Greely
371….Derek Schroeder….Ottawa
372….Derek Spriet….Ottawa
373….Derrick Baldwin….Kanata
374….Derrick Pockiak….Ottawa
375….Diana Babor….Ottawa
376….Diana Devine….Ottawa
377….Diane Mensah….Nepean
378….Diane Robertson….Ottawa
379….Diego Tremblay….Ottawa
380….Dmitry Kabrelyan….Manotick
381….Don Harrison….Ottawa
382….Don Lavictoire….Orleans
383….Donald Drysdale….Ottawa
384….Doreen Lipovski….Ottawa
385….Doug Bowers….Carleton Place
386….Doug Eagle….Ottawa
387….Duaine Simms….Ottawa
388….Dustin Beach….Ottawa
389….Dwight McDougall….Kanata
According to a survey done by the Cyberbullying Research Center, Cyber bullying victims are more likely to have low self-esteem and to consider suicide.
www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/cyber-bullying-statist...
This image was taken from
soc101group2.providence.wikispaces.net/Gender+Distinction...
Accordion to a recent survey 90% of people don’t notice when you replace words with the names of musical instruments.
Save on Statistics 4th Edition Saving, Order Now! Want it delivered within 1 day? Choose One-Day Shipping at checkout.Statistics 4th Edition See More Detail at this Link: Read Full Detail | Compare
Statistics 4th Edition
How many jelly babies in the jar? We held a guessing competition with the Thursday Kids for World Statisics Day.
Thank you all!
Back in October 2018, I reached the 6 Mill. mark - and now passed yet another milestone :-)
7,000,000 views basically since November 2012 - where I started using my Flickr account for good...
changturtle.blogspot.com/2009/10/1918influenza-during-ww1...
*A jump rope ditty of the 1920s.
Sources (all statistics and quotes were taken from these sources).
Collier, Richard. The Plague of the Spanish Lady: The Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919. Allison and Busby. 1996.
Crosby, Alfred W. America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918. Cambridge University Press. 1990.
The Influenza Pandemic of 1918. www-leland.stanford.edu/~uda/flu.html
Monessen Daily Independent, October 5, 8, 14, 21, 22, 24, 26, 29, Nov 5, 20, Dec 1.
Monessen News, October 18, 25, 29, November 22, 26, Dec. 3.
List of Monessen Dead Published in the Monessen Daily on December 10, 1918
This list contains the names of people who died in Monessen and were buried in Grandview Cemetery. It, like all the statistics in this article, is probably incomplete or flexible as all the statistics were taken from newspaper sources and not from official government records. If you know of deaths that are not recorded here or have corrections on the spellings, let us hear from you. The date accompanying each name is the date of internment at Grandview.
If you have corrections or additions, send them to us, with documentation, and we will add them to this list. The Daily listed the deceased by date, we have alphabetized the list. Add a few lines to our Oral History about the Influenza. You can read the messages at the end of this list.
Acetus, Anazalet, Oct 31
Agerda, Frank, Nov 3
Alesiana, Dominic, Nov 5
Alimonos, Mike, Oct 30
Allen, Mary J. Nov 8
Amantos, Apostol, Nov 11
Anseline, Joseph, Nov 1
Babiak, Anna, Nov 12
Beck, Robert, Oct 31
Beck, Peter, Nov 15
Beget, Joe, Nov 7
Benckovich, L, Nov 21
Billiak, Katrina, Nov 7 (maybe Oct)
Bizilya, Andy, Nov 22
Blama, Helen and baby, Oct 27
Brzezesnisky, Antonio, Nov 1
Bulonas, George, Nov 6 (maybe Oct)
Bunekovich, Joe, Nov 15
Butchks, George, Nov 22
Cain, Anna, Nov 13
Caladerse, Guisseppe, Nov 17
Campavi, C. Nov 16
Cane, Joseph, Nov 19
Caruso, Orlando, Nov 1
Caruso, John, Nov 8
Catrino, Paul, Oct 26
Catrino, Minnia, Oct 28
Cecere, Antonio, Nov 7
Cecere, Marintonia, Nov 9
Cheroke, Domonic, Nov 3
Chizmar, George, Nov 9
Chludrenski, B, Nov 17
Chrovaro, Lena, Nov 7 (maybe Oct)
Cocchara, Mary, Nov 27
Colaicovo, Vincenzo, Nov 14
Columbus, Mary, Nov 4
Cooker, William, Oct 29
Cvercik, Annie, Oct 26
Dacko, Susie, Nov 12
Dahood, John, Oct 31
Deeb, Mary, Nov 26
Delfonse, Dominica, Nov 3
Denega, Mary and baby, Nov 15
Denega, Anna, Nov 12
Denega, Tocia, Nov 23 (same casket as Anna)
Denega, Dan, Nov 26
Deseaari, Rosie, Nov 11
Desesaria, Antonio, Nov 2
Dominico, Carmen, Nov 7
Donata, Rogli, Nov 6
Drusick, Katie, Nov 4
Drusick, George, Nov 5
Drusick, Mike, Nov 5
Drusick, Barbara, Nov 7 (4 Drusicks in same grave)
Dudas, John, Nov 16
Dulinay, Dennis, Oct 30
Eluisio, George, Nov 2
Fedik, Mike, Nov 12
Ferencz, Helen, Nov 16
Filipovich, Anton, Nov 15
Folibota, Mike, Nov 27
Gaglairdi, Inez, Oct 29
Garifola, Edith, Oct 29
Gaydosh, Ethel, Oct 28
Gedraitis, Stanley, Nov 3
George, Satenel or Satenel, George, Oct 27
George, Annie, Nov 1
Giffen, Grover, Oct 30
Gladish, Andy, Nov 11
Gory?, David, Oct 23
Gouheh, Alex, Oct 25 or 26
Gould, Willima H., Oct 30
Griga, Charley, Nov 3
Guydan, Anna, Oct 26
Hawkins, Jack, Nov 26
Heder, Joe, Oct 26
Heikilla, Aino E. Nov 3
Heikkila, Lempi, Nov 2
Heikkila, Jacob, Nov 26
Heikkinen, Ida, Oct 27
Hiiva, Andrew, Nov 15
Hilva, Tarino, Nov 17
Hughes, Margaret, Nov 7
Humenick, Anna and baby, Oct 4 (maybe Nov)
Hunter, Evelyn, Nov 8
Igereich, Mike, Nov 2
Illianich, Mary, Nov 9
Johnson, Leonard, Nov 12
Kahiri, Marika, Nov 8
Kalatas, Nick, Oct 22
Kaltas, Cathryne, Nov 7
Kobraik, Helen, Nov 12
Kohut, Steve, Nov 5
Kolar, Mike, Nov 8
Kolesar, Anna, Oct 31
Kolesar, John, Nov 11
Komandor, George, Nov 21
Kon, Steve, Nov 11
Konik, Vasiul, Nov 7
Konik, Vasil, Nov 18
Kotulry, Charles, Nov 15
Kouroupus, Sotorios, Oct 31
Krasnicki, Robert, Oct 25
Kujavsky, Apolena, Oct 23
Kulenics, Rosal, Nov 3
Labeyko, Joe, Nov 26 or 28
Lada, Stefanic, Nov 1
Lasavecky, Sayda, Nov 27
Lasin? Ida, Nov 22
Laskovsky, I?, Oct 16
Laskovsky, Wilma, Oct 16
Laskovsky, Alford, Oct 22
Lazar, Andy, Nov 6
Lazarecka, Rosalia, Nov 3
Leino, Baby, Oct 29
Lempio, Moria, Oct 26
Lendel, Julia, Nov 15
Lenhart, George, Oct 20
Lopetsky, John, Oct 28
Lori, Ellin, Oct 26
Lucas, Spiro, Oct 25
Lucas, George, Nov 4
Lucas, Mary, Nov 8 (same casket as George)
Luksich, Louis, Nov 6
Makinen, Niilo, Nov 18
Marcinko, Mary, Nov 7 (maybe Oct)
Marino, Annie, Nov 2
Matko, Mike, Oct 26
Matko, Alean, Oct 28
Matko, Barbara, Nov 1
Mattie, Annie, Nov 8
Mehaus, George, Oct 19
Melenovick, Lazar, Oct 29
Menzler, Andy, Nov 6
Mikolajeik, Gena, Nov 3
Mikolajeik, Helen, Nov 3
Mood, Leonard, Nov 23
Mudrick, Stefka, Nov 20
Mudrick, Andy, Nov 26
Mudrick, Mary, Nov 14
Mullen, John, Oct 23 or 26
Munziala, M. Nov 23
Najda, Katrina, Nov 13
Najda, Frank, Nov 15
Nartovic, Vincety, Oct 30
Nazaricki, Joe, Oct 31
Neimi, Frank, Nov 7
Novak, Steve, Nov 13
Nuzari, M. Nov 18
O’Rourke, Ed Jr, Nov 10 (same casket as Ed Sr.)
O’Rourke, Ed, Nov 11
Onda, Mike, Nov 17
Pagan, Anna, Nov 11
Pandoff, Naum, Jr. Nov 2
Parke, Warren G. Nov 19
Parnella, Mamie, Nov 12
Parnentila, R. Nov 25
Paterra, Flora, Nov 2
Peltz, Olga, Nov 8 (maybe Oct)
Pendres, Maggie, Nov 5
Perry, Nick, Oct 31
Petrock, George, Oct 11
Piccarrillo, Antonia, Nov 5
Politino, Edzalimo, Nov 13
Polowski, Walter, Oct 27
Pozehanich, John, Nov 11
Proach, Charles. Oct 26
Proach, Kate, Oct 27
Puskar, Julia and baby, Nov 1
Rafasilto, Lydia, Nov 3
Rajola, Lydia, Nov 4
Raten, Kate, Nov 4
Rihtar, T. Nov 19
Rinaldi, Mary, Nov 18
Roman, Lizzie, Nov 2
Romasko, Justin, Nov 11
Rotolo, Joseph, Nov 5
Sahnkovsky, C., Oct 26
Sajko, Charles, Nov 16
Scaorm?, Tony, Nov 20
Semak, Vasil, Nov 15
Senko, Kohn, Nov 7 (maybe Oct)
Sinkarchik, Julia, Nov 13
Sisik, Ignac, Oct 28
Sivak, William, Nov 15
Skatch, Mike, Nov 6
Smith, Mary, Nov 1
Sobran, Mike, Nov 11
Spera, Viana, Nov 14
Suhkas, George, Nov 19
Sykes, Lillian, Nov 9
Teger, John, Nov 15
Temak, Mike, Oct 28
Tkach, Andy, Nov 26
Tokkar, Kaarina, Nov 9
Tokker, Thomas, Nov 3
Torkos, George, Nov 1
Torkos, Julia, Nov 8
Trendyluck, Mike, Oct 30
Tucker, Althea, Oct 29
Tuminella, E. Oct 26
Tuomi, Ivar John, Nov 8
Tureck, Paul, Oct 29
Turek, Joe, Oct 26
Twerdy, Henry, Nov 7 (maybe Oct)
Vagli, Ida, Nov 2
Varckious, John, Oct 28
Verino, Filimini, Nov 8
Vinck, Elvira, Nov 2
Viska, Eda, Nov 11
Warabel, Nick, Nov 4
Warabel, Steve, Nov 4
Wesaranta, Aauna, Nov 15
Wilkes, Sarah, Nov 12
Wilson, Elizabeth, Nov 15
Withe, Zear, Sept 27
Yarfaalovski, Ed , Nov 3
Yarosh, Justina, Nov 11
Yonkivsky, Juliana, Oct 30
Yougis, Rigolitti, Nov 12
Ywietwie, Helen, Nov 7 (maybe Oct)
Zankos, Gust, Nov 16
Zarka, Alex, Nov 4
Zayac, Andy, Nov 8
Zmczonski, Y, Nov 18
Zobracek, Mike, Oct 31
Zui, Polugi, Nov 4
Oral Histories
When the influenza of 1918 hit Monessen, my family was living on Short Street. My mom, Carolina Paggini Parigi, age 27, reported to Monessen High School on Knox and Sixth Street and was put to work nursing the sick. We were lucky, there was just the three of us: my father Nazzareno, my mother, and me. We fared well. So, my mother was free to help others, and she did. She had no education, but had taught herself to read and write. She was quite a woman, my mother. In those years, babies were born at home and she became a midwife to old Doctor Kreger. He always told his patients, "Do you know Mrs. Parigi? Well, when you are ready to deliver, call her to help me." The first embrace a lot of babies in Monessen felt was from my mother's warm arms. She helped birth my son, Alfred, and my daughter, Cassandra.
Elizabeth Parigi Vivian, Monessen, September, 1998, age 85.
Looking over your material, to my surprise, I found the name of my Aunt as one of the victims of the Spanish Influenza. You asked to give you notice if there is a need of corrections with the list. As you well know, at that time names were spelled incorrectly because of the English translation of the sound of letters in their pronunciation. So if you do not mind, I would like to correct the spelling of my Aunt's name. I checked the death date and it matches. Her name should be changed from: Eda Viska to Ida Visca. In Italian, it is pronounced the way it was spelled in English by the officials but
spelled incorrect. She came to Monessen from Paganica, Italy. The Provence of Abruzzo. She was the sister of my father, Oscar, my Uncle Adam (The tailor on McMahon) and my Aunt Elisa DeCeasare (Confectionary store owner on Morgan).
Norman Visca, California, August, 2000
This is all the information I could find on my grandmother, who is not on the list above. My grandparents lived on Ontario Street in Monessen. My grandmother's name was Antonio Berger Oberleitner and she was born in Austria. They had five children and the youngest was one year old when my grandmother died of the influenza at the age of 32 on June 29, 1918. I really didn't know or realize the terrible ordeal our area and the country had furing this epidemic. I was glad to have been able to read the article in the Valley Independent. Thank you -- the Historical Society -- for bringing it to the attention of the families and the public (via the Internet). Janet Ritenoen, Belle Vernon PA, December 2000