View allAll Photos Tagged Segregation
Believed to be in Public Domain From Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Collections. More on copyright: What does "no known restrictions" mean?
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TITLE: Negro in Greenville, Mississippi
CALL NUMBER: LC-USF34- 009621-E-D [P&P]
REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-DIG-fsa-8b29723 (digital file from original neg.)
LC-USF34-009621-E-D (b&w film nitrate neg.)
MEDIUM: 1 negative : nitrate ; 2 1/4 x 2 1/4 inches or smaller.
CREATED/PUBLISHED: 1936.
CREATOR:
Lange, Dorothea, photographer.
NOTES:
Title and other information from caption card.
Use electronic surrogate.
Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944.
TOPICS:
Small towns--Mississippi
SUBJECTS:
United States--Mississippi--Washington County--Greenville.
FORMAT:
Nitrate negatives.
PART OF: Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information Photograph Collection
REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, DC 20540 USA
DIGITAL ID: (digital file from original neg.) fsa 8b29723 hdl.loc.gov/pnp.loc/fsa.8b29723
CARD #: fsa1998021731/PP
This Jail was constructed in 1944 by incarcerees and held men suspected of committing various crimes though none were ever legally tried.
Washington, D.C. students and residents celebrate the 1954 landmark Supreme Court decision Bolling v. Sharpe May 17, 1979 in front of the District Building (now John Wilson) that ended legal separation of black and white students in the city.
Mayor Marion Barry and Rev. Jesse Jackson addressed the crowd among other speakers.
Bolling v. Sharpe was one of four school desegregation decisions the Supreme Court issued in 1954, including the more famous Brown v. Board of Education.
A separate decision was required for the District because it was not a state. In a controversial decision, the Court ruled that the “due process” clause of the Constitution prohibited separation of races. Brown v. Board addressed the issue in the states.
Schools across the country have been re-segregating after seeing initial progress following the decision.
U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) investigators found that from the 2000-2001 to the 2013-2014 school year, both the percentage of K-12 public schools in high-poverty and the percentage comprised of mostly African-American or Hispanic students grew significantly, more than doubling, from 7,009 schools to 15,089 schools. The percentage of all schools with so-called racial or socio-economic isolation grew from 9% to 16%.
Equally troubling, the charter school solution that so-called education reform advocates push may take minority and poor students from larger more diverse public schools and enroll them into less diverse schools.
Most school systems across the country are no longer under court oversight for desegregation and the current political climate makes it more likely that the trend of re-segregation will continue.
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHskivJu7g
The photo is by Willard Volz. The image is courtesy of the D.C. Public Library Washington Star Collection © Washington Post.
DPAC protest at Dept for Education for inclusive education - London 04.09.2013
Campaigners from disability groups Disabled People Against Cuts (DPAC) and Alliance for Inclusive Education (ALLFIE) protested outside the Dept. For Education to demand an end to increasing educational segregation of disabled children.
This protest was one of four simultaneous protests taking place as the culmination of a national week of action organised by Disabled People Against Cuts (DPAC) using the campaign title "Reclaiming Our Futures", and were aimed specifically at government departments whose actions are impacting severly on disabled people - Education, health, Transport and Energy.
Following the individual actions, all four groups of campaigners merged on the Dept for Work and Pensions headquarters for a larger protest against benefits cuts to disabled people which, they claim, affects them disproportionately.
All photos © 2013 Pete Riches
Do not reproduce, alter, re-transmit or blog my images without my written permission. I remain at all times the copyright owner of this image.
Hi-Res, un-watermarked versions of these files are available on application solely at my discretion
If you want to use any image found in my Flickr Photostream, please Email me directly.
Media buyers and publications can access this story on Demotix
Standard industry rates apply.
“Today, a key obstacle to more effective global cooperation, is the persistence of moral segregation, in the very structures, intended to bring us together. The right of poorer or darker countries, to chart our own course, is constantly questioned, if not overtly subverted. But we can choose instead to work together, to build a fairer and more sustainable global order. History has conditioned us, to relate to each other, on the basis of implicit moral hierarchies. But overcoming this legacy, need not start with a change of heart, but rather a recognition of our converging legitimate interests. If the South has one message to convey to the North, it should be that our interests lie in working with each other, not against each other. Let us seek solutions, through consensus and dialogue. “- President Kagame delivering his acceptance speech for the MEDays Grand Prix at the MEDays forum held in Tanger, Morocco.
These scans come from my rather large magazine collection. Instead of filling my house with old moldy magazines, I scanned them (in most cases, photographed them) and filled a storage area with moldy magazines. Now these old stories reside on an external hard drive. I thought others might appreciate these tidbits of forgotten history.
Please feel free to leave any comments or thoughts or impressions... Thanks in advance!
The segregation-era homes of Inglewood are looking ragged, still showing tenacious independence in their dereliction. Some sit empty, others cling tightly to memories fading since integration finally came in 1954. Now you're just as likely to find black as white in this neighborhood, precariously perched over the hill and out of sight of Bridgetown. I've passed through walking, biking, or driving since being born, watching the mouldering, demolition, and periodic renovation of various tiny historic homes. Thousands of times on the roadside, seeing what the years might make of us. The oldest ones show additions on additions, slowly expanded from the original shacks, more room made as money was saved and children born. Poor, proud history, old as any other village in the Valley, but far more forgotten. But you and I, we remember.
February 20, 2019
Inglewood, Nova Scotia
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Annapolis police arrest demonstrators March 2, 1964 who earlier attempted to integrate the Barnes Restaurant located on Bladen Street and were refused service.
The protesters were charged with disorderly conduct and released on bail.
The first attempts to integrate the restaurant began in 1961 when the Congress of Racial Equality began sit-in demonstrations.
After Maryland passed a public accommodations law in 1964, Barnes still refused to integrate.
Robert Theron Pinkney, a Black Annapolis resident, attempted to eat at the restaurant In July 1964 and was told that “Barnes would never serve Blacks.”
Pinkney filed a complaint with the new Commission on Interracial Problems and Relations and an order was issued for Barnes to integrate.
Barnes appealed the order to the state’s highest court, which found the law “to be effective and constitutional” and affirmed an order to Barnes to comply with the law.
Barnes Restaurant was a half-block from the Governor’s Mansion and was located on Bladen Street where the Maryland House of Delegates building now sits.
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHsk4UiXYi
The photographer is unknown. The image is an Associated Press photograph housed in the D.C. Library Washington Star Collection.
A now-forgotten monument to Beloit's not-so-distant segregated (and often forgotten) past.
When I was growing up this pool, on Beloit's east side was for Beloiter's of African descent. The westside had the "big pool" (Krueger) and the east side had this "little pool" (Turtle Creek) but what we really had was defacto segregation.
That was the case in 1965 or 66 and it must have ended around that time. (There was a lot of segregation in the Beloit area. We have problems dealing with the ramifications of that legacy to this very day.)
This is just north of the state line, just as you enter Beloit, on the left after crossing the bridge and just before crossing the railroad tracks, when going north on Hwy 51. I was standing near what was a corner of the swimming pool area which is all filled in now. It is stitched from 5 frames.
The State of Wisconsin Collection - Digital Collection
digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=turn&...
CENTURY OF STORIES 1950-1959
CENTURY NOTES (following is an excerpt from page 110):
1950, March 17: The state of Wisconsin charges
that the city of Beloit discriminates against Af-
rican-Americans by maintaining two segregated
swimming pools and that four black youths were
barred from swimming in the "white" pool the
preceding summer. The state also charges that
whites have been excluded from the "Negro pool."
The state maintains that it has unsuccessfully
sought for eight months a declaration from
Beloit officials that segregation will be halted.
In reply to the charges, City Manager A.D.
Telfer says: "Through long-standing custom, the
white and colored races in Beloit have used sepa-
rate swimming pools. The city authorities want
to make it clear, however, that they fully recog-
nize Wisconsin law gives the right of any indi-
vidual of either race to the use of either pool."
Courage: The Vision to End Segregation, The Guts to Fight For It
Half a century ago, a series of lawsuits that changed America were launched. These lawsuits led to the 1954 landmark Supreme Court decision, Brown v. Board of Education. The Brown decision ruled racially segregated schools were unconstitutional and set in motion a series of events that continue to shape our lives today. Courage is an award-winning, groundbreaking exhibition that tells the story of Rev. J.A. De Laine and other brave citizens of Clarendon County, South Carolina. Through photographs, oral histories and key artifacts, Courage explores the grassroots community activism that one community initiated to begin the process that ended legal segregation of all races in America’s schools.
In school, our history lessons always revolved around “Brown v. Board of Education” and while this court case holds a major significance in ending “separate but equal” practices, there was so much more involved prior to this landmark case that I had no idea about. There were actually “Five Cases” that were instrumental in bringing about change and desegregation.
The exhibit takes us on one family’s journey during this time. You will meet the De Laine family. Rev. J.A. De Laine was an educated black man who owned his own home, and was not dependent on any of the local white families for his livelihood. He was a minister at the local African American church in Clarendon County, SC. He started fighting for the rights of not only his family and his community after one father, Levi Pearson, asked the Clarendon County School board for a school bus to transport his kids (they walked nine miles to school) and other black students to school. While the black children had to walk, the white children had over 30 buses transporting them. The all-white Clarendon County School Board denied the request and this was the catalyst that led Rev. De Laine to petition the school board to have “equal” schools; getting 107 courageous African American children and adults to sign including the first signer, Harry Briggs. This was the reason that Thurgood Marshall stepped up to challenge segregation and he took on the case “Briggs v. Elliott”.
The National Underground Railroad Freedom Center s a Smithsonian Institution affiliate, a museum of ideas, a site of conscience, a museum of American history, a museum of African American history, an educational resource and a center for dialogue. It plays a vital role in the US Department of State in educating representatives of emerging democracies about the democratic process. To Cincinnatians proud of their heritage, the Freedom Center is an ongoing reminder of the region's long history of ensuring basic freedoms and human rights.
It was here on the banks of the Ohio River, where the Freedom Center now sits, that many enslaved African Americans took their first steps on freedom's shore. For this reason, escaping slaves often referred to the Ohio as "the River Jordan." This area along the Ohio was a hotbed of abolition and safe houses for those seeking freedom. But it also served as a narrow divide between the free state of Ohio and the slave state of Kentucky.
The exhibitions and programs of the Freedom Center celebrate freedom's heroes, those brave men and women who came together to create a secret network through which the enslaved could escape to freedom. From their example of courage, cooperation and perseverance, we relate this uniquely American history to contemporary issues, inspiring everyone to take steps for freedom today.
It is estimated that there are 27 million people around the world currently enslaved, more people than at any other time in human history. But we believe that – through education and inspiration – we can encourage everyone to take part in the ongoing struggles for freedom.
Freedom Riders Greyhound Bus Terminal Station in Washington, D.C. USA
Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and following years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia (1946) and Boynton v. Virginia (1960), which ruled that segregated public buses were unconstitutional. The Southern states had ignored the rulings and the federal government did nothing to enforce them. The first Freedom Ride left Washington, D.C., on May 4, 1961
The first Freedom Ride began on May 4, 1961. Led by CORE Director James Farmer, 13 riders (seven black, six white, including Genevieve Hughes, William E. Harbour, and Ed Blankenheim) left Washington, DC, on Greyhound and Trailways buses. Their plan was to ride through Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, ending in New Orleans, Louisiana, where a civil rights rally was planned. Most of the Riders were from CORE, and two were from SNCC. Many were in their 40s and 50s.
The Freedom Riders' tactics for their journey were to have at least one interracial pair sitting in adjoining seats, and at least one black rider sitting up front, where seats under segregation had been reserved for white customers by local custom throughout the South. The rest of the team would sit scattered throughout the rest of the bus. One rider would abide by the South's segregation rules in order to avoid arrest and to contact CORE and arrange bail for those who were arrested.
Greyhound Bus Terminal Station
1100 New York Avenue, NW Washington, DC, 20005
1100newyorkavenue.buildingengines.com/node/29
Photo
Washington, D.C. USA North America
04/07/2013
DPAC protest at Dept for Education for inclusive education - London 04.09.2013
Campaigners from disability groups Disabled People Against Cuts (DPAC) and Alliance for Inclusive Education (ALLFIE) protested outside the Dept. For Education to demand an end to increasing educational segregation of disabled children.
This protest was one of four simultaneous protests taking place as the culmination of a national week of action organised by Disabled People Against Cuts (DPAC) using the campaign title "Reclaiming Our Futures", and were aimed specifically at government departments whose actions are impacting severly on disabled people - Education, health, Transport and Energy.
Following the individual actions, all four groups of campaigners merged on the Dept for Work and Pensions headquarters for a larger protest against benefits cuts to disabled people which, they claim, affects them disproportionately.
All photos © 2013 Pete Riches
Do not reproduce, alter, re-transmit or blog my images without my written permission. I remain at all times the copyright owner of this image.
Hi-Res, un-watermarked versions of these files are available on application solely at my discretion
If you want to use any image found in my Flickr Photostream, please Email me directly.
Media buyers and publications can access this story on Demotix
Standard industry rates apply.
Robert Fahsenfeldt, owner of a segregated lunchroom in the racially tense Eastern Shore community of Cambridge, Maryland, douses a white integrationist with water, on July 8, 1963. The integrationist, Edward Dickerson, was among three white and eight African American protesters who knelt on the sidewalk in front of the restaurant to sing freedom songs. A raw egg, which Fahsenfeldt had broken over Dickerson's head moments earlier, still is visible on the back of Dickerson's head. The protesters were later arrested.
AP Photo/William A. Smith
marabastad, pretoria. old polaroids and slide scans, around 1980
Marabastad was a culturally diverse community, with the Hindu Mariamman Temple arguably being its most prominent landmark.
Like the residents of other racially diverse areas in South Africa, such as District Six, "Fietas" and Sophiatown, the inhabitants of Marabastad were relocated to single-race townships further away from the city centre.
These removals were due to Apartheid laws like the Group Areas Act. Unlike Sophiatown, Fietas and District Six, it was not bulldozed, but it retained many of its original buildings, and became primarily a business district, with most shops still owned by the Indians who had also lived there previously.
Some property was however owned by the city council and the government, resulting in limited development taking place there. In addition, a large shopping complex was built to house Indian-owned shops.
The black residents of Marabastad were relocated to Atteridgeville (1945),
the Coloured residents to Eersterus (1963), and the Indian residents to Laudium (1968).
There are plans to revive once-picturesque Marabastad, and to reverse years of urban decay and neglect, although few seem to have been implemented as of 2005.
History[edit]
Marabastad was named after the local headman of a village to the west of Steenhoven Spruit. During the 1880s he lived in Schoolplaats and acted as an interpreter.
During this period some Africans lived on the farms where they were being employed and also chose to live on other, undeveloped land. Schoolplaats could also not accommodate all the migrants and this resulted in squatting.
An overflow from Schoolplaats to the north-west and Maraba’s village occurred and in August 1888 the land was surveyed by the government. The location Marabastad was established and was situated between the Apies River in the north, Skinner Spruit in the west, Steenhoven Spruit in the east and De Korte Street in the south.
There were 67 stands varying between 1400 and 2500 square meters each. Residents were not allowed to own stands, but had to rent them from the government at 4 pounds a year.
They were allowed to build their own houses and to plant crops on empty plots. Water was acquired from the various bordering rivers and 58 wells situated in the area.
The township was not private owned and was managed by the Transvaal Boer Republic. At the outbreak of the Second Boer War in 1899 there were no rules and regulations with regard to Marabastad.
Africans who streamed to Pretoria during the war were living in squatter camps near the artillery barracks, the brickworks and the railway stations at Prinshof.
This resulted in the development of ‘New Marabastad’ in the area between Marabastad and the Asiatic Bazaar in 1900 by the British military authorities. They had been occupying the city since June 1900 and resettled refugees in the area. By 1901 there were 392 occupied stands in the New Marabastad and there was no real segregation between Africans, Asians and Coloured people.
Although New Marabastad was intended as a temporary settlement the military authorities granted permission for in their employ to erect brick houses. This resulted in the erection of other permanent structures like schools and churches.
The new Town Council was established in 1902 and it was accepted that the residents of New Marabastad would be moved to other, planned townships.
In 1903 New Marabastad had grown to 412 stands while Old Marabastad still only had 67. Along with the Cape Location, which was situated in the southern part of the Asiatic Bazaar, it fell under the jurisdiction of the City Council of that year.
The greatest problem was the provision of water and this was only addressed after the war. Due to the fear of epidemic all wells in the area had been filled during the war, and a single public tap had replaced the entire system.
New Marabastad didn’t have any wells or taps. There was an attempt to rectify this in 1903 by providing more taps, but the number was still inadequate.
In 1906 New and Old Marabastad became one location.
Rates were determined and sanitary and building regulations came into effect. These regulations didn’t achieve their objections as a result of municipal maladministration and the fact that Africans could not own land and afford well-built permanent houses.
Streets remained unpaved, the water supply was inadequate and there were no sanitary facilities worth mentioning. More and more shacks appeared. By 1907 conditions improved marginally, but the streets were left in their unkempt state and by 1910 this had still not been addressed.
The Native Affairs Department accused the Pretoria Town Council of inefficient administration, which had led directly to this situation.
Removals[edit]
South Africa portal
The relocation of residents of Old Marabastad had been on the agenda of the town council since 1903 and in 1907, when the council decided to build a new sewage farm, it became a reality.
It was decided to remove all residents of the area to a new location further away from the city centre and to demolish the old township. Now followed the struggle of finding a suitable site.
The site on the southern slope of Daspoortrand was decided on in 1912 and in January planning for the ‘New Location’ started. It would include a number of brick houses that could be rented from the municipality.
By September of the same year the first relocations were taking place and demolishing of old structures commenced. It was a slow process and Old Marabastad was only completely destroyed by 1920.
The lack of space remained a problem and New Marabastad was experiencing severe overcrowding.
By 1923 the last houses of the second municipal project was completed in New Location and Marabastad residents who had been exposed to the worst conditions were allowed to move in first.
In 1934 part of the Schoolplaats population was moved to Marabastad and the squatter problem became more severe.
There was no room for expansion due to a lack of space.
An attempt to solve these problems manifested itself in the establishment of Atteridgeville in 1939. The Marabastad community would be moved here and compensation was offered to previous owners of property in the form of new houses they could rent, but not own.
The war slowed down the process considerably, but 1949 had moved three quarters of the population of Marabastad to Atteridgeville, and by 1950 the transition was complete
Rosa Parks defies segregation on Alabam bus, photo taken by Chris Green, 2005. www.flickr.com/photos/chrisgreen/56342295/sizes/o/in/phot...
President Obama's official portrait, taken by Pete Souza, 2009. www.flickr.com/photos/blogumentary/3198181038/sizes/o/in/...
Maya Angelou attends the 2011 Common Ground Gala fundraiser, taken by Barry Brecheisen. www.flickr.com/photos/chicagofabulous/5638341329/sizes/z/...
Michael Jackson's photo by Roadsidepictures. www.flickr.com/photos/roadsidepictures/3660588125/sizes/o...
Malcolm X by Aoyan, 2008. images.cdn.fotopedia.com/flickr-3837362354-original.jpg
Graffitti of Notorious BIG by Aaron H. 2008. www.flickr.com/photos/aaron-h/3286153792/sizes/o/in/photo...
Tuskegee Airmen dedication by Raymond M. 2008. www.flickr.com/photos/optikalblitz/2931863567/sizes/o/in/...
"Martin Luther King Jr." "by Mike Licht www.flickr.com/photos/notionscapital/5360731135/sizes/o/i...;
A general view of the crowd of District of Columbia civil rights marchers gathered in front of the District (Wilson) Building June 14, 1963 where they were demanding fair housing and employment legislation and marking the recent assassination of Medgar Evers in Mississippi.
Among the signs carried are those from the NAACP; CORE, which initiated the demonstration, and SCLC. Demands expressed on the signs include “Commissioners: Issue Fair Housing Ordinance Now!” “Give us Fair Employment!” and “Home Rule Measures Democracy.”
Walter Tobriner, president of the D.C. commissioners, told the group that fair housing regulations would be adopted within the year and promised “early hearings” on a fair employment practices regulation.
The day began with two marches to Lafayette Park. One began at 16th and Fuller St. NW and the other from 8th and H Street NE.
The marches started out with only a dozen people at each location, but hundreds joined along the parade route in the action initiated by Julius Hobson of the District of Columbia branch of the Congress of Racial Equality.
Among the groups joining CORE were Women’s Strike for Peace, Americans for Democratic Action, NAACP, the Washington Peace Action Center, Committee for a SANE Nuclear Policy, SCLC, the Federation of Civic Associations, Democratic Central Committee and the Student Peace Union.
The Teamsters Union paid for printing of 100,000 handbills and the Industrial Union Department of the AFL-CIO paid for 4,000 flyers to publicize the event.
By the time the rally got underway at Lafayette Park, the Washington Post estimated 3,000 were in attendance. It was the largest local civil rights demonstration since a series of Marion Anderson concerts acted as a protest for rights.
Rev. Smallwood Williams, president of the D.C. branch of the SCLC, got the rally underway with a prayer that said in part:
“Thou hast made us to know that men of all races must learn to live together as brothers or die as rats…We pray for an immediate elimination of racial segregation, bigotry, bias and Jim Crow-ism, that America will have an immediate new birth of freedom.”
From Lafayette Park the group marched to the District (now Wilson) Building. After hearing several speeches and listening to Tobriner, the group headed for the Justice Department.
Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy gives an impromptu speech to the marchers on the steps outside the Justice Department.
Kennedy defended the administration, but conceded there was more work to do on civil rights.
He was confronted by local CORE leader Julius Hobson who asked Kennedy why FBI agents in Jackson, Mississippi did not act when they saw an African American man beaten. Kennedy responded that, “The FBI is not a national police force and has no authority beyond gathering evidence in such cases.”
Kennedy was also asked why the Justice Department didn’t hire more African Americans. Kennedy responded that when their administration took over there were only 10 of 500 attorneys in the department that were black and now there were 60.
Demonstrators challenged Kennedy that 60 out of now 900 attorneys was not enough. Kennedy responded that, “He was not going to go out and hire a Negro just because he wasn’t white.”
Watching the proceedings at the Justice Department, but not joining the group,, Malcolm X offered his thoughts to a Washington Post reporter:
“Whenever sheep try to integrate with the wolf, then there is a step forward for the wolf, not the sheep….They have fair housing in New York, but it is worse perhaps than here. This is nothing more than political trickery. The law means nothing when you are Jim Crow….The whites here and Kennedy were just salving their guilty consciences.”
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHskgSB6Zi
Photo by Gene Abbott. The image is courtesy of the D.C. Public Library Washington Star Collection © Washington Post.
D.C. civil rights marchers listen to a speech in front of the District (Wilson) Building June 14, 1963 where they were demanding fair housing and employment legislation and marking the recent assassination of Medgar Evers in Mississippi.
Among the signs carried are those from the NAACP; CORE, which initiated the demonstration, and SCLC. Demands expressed on the signs include “Commissioners: Issue Fair Housing Ordinance Now!” “Give us Fair Employment!” and “Home Rule Measures Democracy.”
Walter Tobriner, president of the D.C. commissioners, told the group that fair housing regulations would be adopted within the year and promised “early hearings” on a fair employment practices regulation.
The day began with two marches to Lafayette Park. One began at 16th and Fuller St. NW and the other from 8th and H Street NE.
The marches started out with only a dozen people at each location, but hundreds joined along the parade route in the action initiated by Julius Hobson of the District of Columbia branch of the Congress of Racial Equality.
Among the groups joining CORE were Women’s Strike for Peace, Americans for Democratic Action, NAACP, the Washington Peace Action Center, Committee for a SANE Nuclear Policy, SCLC, the Federation of Civic Associations, Democratic Central Committee and the Student Peace Union.
The Teamsters Union paid for printing of 100,000 handbills and the Industrial Union Department of the AFL-CIO paid for 4,000 flyers to publicize the event.
By the time the rally got underway at Lafayette Park, the Washington Post estimated 3,000 were in attendance. It was the largest local civil rights demonstration since a series of Marion Anderson concerts acted as a protest for rights.
Rev. Smallwood Williams, president of the D.C. branch of the SCLC, got the rally underway with a prayer that said in part:
“Thou hast made us to know that men of all races must learn to live together as brothers or die as rats…We pray for an immediate elimination of racial segregation, bigotry, bias and Jim Crow-ism, that America will have an immediate new birth of freedom.”
From Lafayette Park the group marched to the District (now Wilson) Building. After hearing several speeches and listening to Tobriner, the group headed for the Justice Department.
Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy gives an impromptu speech to the marchers on the steps outside the Justice Department.
Kennedy defended the administration, but conceded there was more work to do on civil rights.
He was confronted by local CORE leader Julius Hobson who asked Kennedy why FBI agents in Jackson, Mississippi did not act when they saw an African American man beaten. Kennedy responded that, “The FBI is not a national police force and has no authority beyond gathering evidence in such cases.”
Kennedy was also asked why the Justice Department didn’t hire more African Americans. Kennedy responded that when their administration took over there were only 10 of 500 attorneys in the department that were black and now there were 60.
Demonstrators challenged Kennedy that 60 out of now 900 attorneys was not enough. Kennedy responded that, “He was not going to go out and hire a Negro just because he wasn’t white.”
Watching the proceedings at the Justice Department, but not joining the group,, Malcolm X offered his thoughts to a Washington Post reporter:
“Whenever sheep try to integrate with the wolf, then there is a step forward for the wolf, not the sheep….They have fair housing in New York, but it is worse perhaps than here. This is nothing more than political trickery. The law means nothing when you are Jim Crow….The whites here and Kennedy were just salving their guilty consciences.”
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHskgSB6Zi
The photographer is unknown. The image is courtesy of the D.C. Public Library Washington Star Collection © Washington Post.
Students from Maryland State College sit and kneel on Main Street in Princess Anne, Maryland during a demonstration against segregation at a town restaurant February 26, 1964.
Sixty-two were subsequently injured when police and fire fighters cleared the streets using police dogs and fire hoses and Maryland was again in the national spotlight for its racial discrimination.
The Maryland chapter of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) had been sponsoring demonstrations attempting to desegregate the Eastern Shore and began picketing in Annapolis March 3rd in response to Princess Anne.
A special session of the state legislature had been called to consider both a tax increase and an increase in teach salaries. The crisis forces Gov. Milliard Tawes to put the full weight of his office behind a bill banning discrimination in businesses that accommodated the public across the state.
At one point the CORE demonstrations were so disruptive to the state legislature that the NAACP asked the group to suspend demonstration and go home. CORE refused.
A weak bill had passed the legislature the previous year that permitted counties to “opt out” and the entire Eastern Shore did so. The special session ultimately passed a bill that covered the whole state, but exempted establishments that sold alcoholic beverages.
Segregationists petitioned the new law to a referendum in November where it passed 53%-47%.
The federal 1964 Civil Rights Act predated Maryland’s law when it was signed July 2nd by President Lyndon Johnson.
For more information and related images,https://www.flickr.com/gp/washington_area_spark/933Jun
The photographer is unknown. The image is an auction find.
Click the "All Sizes" button above to read an article or to see the image clearly.
These scans come from my rather large magazine collection. Instead of filling my house with old moldy magazines, I scanned them (in most cases, photographed them) and filled a storage area with moldy magazines. Now they reside on an external harddrive. I thought others might appreciate these tidbits of forgotten history.
Please feel free to leave any comments or thoughts or impressions... Thanks in advance!
The Postcard
A postcard bearing no publisher's name which was posted in Hastings on the 5th. July 1913 to:
Mr. & Mrs. Robinson,
Boot Retailers,
Near St. Peters Road,
Mere Road,
Leicester.
The message on the back of the card was as follows:
"Dear Ma and Pa,
Just a card saying we've
had a really good time.
Grand weather.
Hope all quite well.
Kindest regards,
Arthur".
Hastings
Hastings is a large seaside town in East Sussex on the south coast, 24 miles (39 km) east of the county town of Lewes, and 53 mi (85 km) south east of London.
The town gives its name to the Battle of Hastings.
In the 19th. century, Hastings was a popular seaside resort, as the railway allowed tourists and visitors to reach the town.
Today, Hastings is a fishing port with the UK's largest beach-based fishing fleet. The fleet has been based on the same beach, below the cliffs, for at least 400, and possibly up to 600, years. Its longevity is attributed to the prolific fishing ground of Rye Bay nearby.
The town had a population of 92,855 in 2018.
Hastings in Pre-History
Evidence of prehistoric settlements has been found at the town site, including flint arrowheads and Bronze Age artefacts.
Iron Age forts have been excavated on both the East and West Hills. The settlement was already based on the port when the Romans arrived in Britain for the first time in 55 BC. They began to exploit the iron (Wealden rocks provide a plentiful supply of the ore), and shipped it out by boat.
Iron was worked locally at Beauport Park, to the north of the town. It employed up to a thousand men, and is thought to have been the third-largest mine in the Roman Empire.
With the departure of the Romans, the town suffered setbacks. The Beauport site was abandoned, and the town suffered attacks from nature and early adversaries.
The Sussex coast has always suffered from occasional violent storms, and with the additional hazard of longshore drift (the eastward movement of shingle along the coast), the coastline has been frequently changing. The original Roman port is probably now under the sea.
Medieval Hastings
The Battle of Hastings heralded the start of the Norman Conquest. The battle was fought on the 14th. October 1066, although it actually took place 8 miles (13 km) to the north at Senlac Hill, and William had landed on the coast between Hastings and Eastbourne at Pevensey.
Muslim scholar Muhammad al-Idrisi, writing circa 1153, described Hastings as:
"A town of large extent and many inhabitants,
flourishing and handsome, having markets,
workpeople and rich merchants".
Hastings and the Sea
By the end of the Saxon period, the port of Hastings had moved eastward to near the present town centre in the Priory Stream valley, whose entrance was protected by the White Rock headland (since demolished).
It was to be a short stay: Danish attacks and huge floods in 1011 and 1014 motivated the townspeople to relocate to the New Burgh.
In the Middle Ages Hastings became one of the Cinque Ports.
Much of the town and half of Hastings Castle was washed away in the South England flood of February 1287.
During a naval campaign of 1339, and again in 1377, the town was raided and burnt by the French, and seems then to have gone into a decline. As a port, Hastings' days were finished.
Hastings had suffered over the years from the lack of a natural harbour. Attempts were made to build a stone harbour during the reign of Elizabeth I, but the foundations were destroyed by the sea in terrible storms. Accordingly the town's fishing boats are still stored on, and launched from, the beach.
Hastings was then just a small fishing settlement, but it was soon discovered that the new taxes on luxury goods could be made profitable by smuggling; the town was ideally located for that purpose.
Near the castle ruins, on the West Hill, are St. Clement's Caves, partly natural, but mainly excavated by hand by smugglers from the soft sandstone.
Their trade came to an end with the period following the Napoleonic Wars, for the town became one of the most fashionable resorts in Britain, brought about by the so-called health-giving properties of seawater, as well as the local springs and Roman baths.
The double decker promenade that runs from Hastings Pier beyond Marine Court, with a break at Warrior Square, was built by the borough engineer Sidney Little.
The building of Pelham Crescent necessitated cutting away of the Castle Hill cliffs. Once that move away from the old town had begun, it led to the further expansion along the coast, eventually linking up with the new St. Leonards.
Judges Postcards
Between 1902 and 1919, Fred Judge FRPS photographed many of the town's events and disasters. These included storms, the first tram, the visit of the Lord Mayor of London, Hastings Marathon Race, and the pier fire of 1917.
Many of these images were produced as picture postcards by the firm he founded which is now known as Judges Postcards.
Hastings' Bathing Pool
In the 1930's, an Olympic-sized bathing pool was erected. Regarded in its day as one of the best open-air swimming and diving complexes in Europe, it later became a holiday camp before closing in 1986. It was demolished, but the area is still known by locals as "The Old Bathing Pool".
Hastings' Sunshine
Hastings, tied with Eastbourne, recorded the highest duration of sunshine of any month anywhere in the United Kingdom - 384 hours - in 1911.
A new record temperature of 34.7 °C (94.5 °F) was recorded for the town on the 19th. July 2022.
St. Leonards
The original part St. Leonards was bought by James Burton and laid out by his son, the architect Decimus Burton, in the early 19th. century as a new town: a place of elegant houses designed for the well-off.
It also included a central public garden, a hotel, an archery, assembly rooms and a church. Today's St. Leonards has extended well beyond that original design, although the original town still exists within it.
Priory Meadow Shopping Centre
Hastings' main shopping centre is the Priory Meadow Shopping Centre. It was built on the site of the old Central Recreation Ground which had played host to some Sussex CCC first-class fixtures, and famous cricketers such as Dr. W. G. Grace and Sir Don Bradman.
The Central Recreation Ground was one of England's oldest, most scenic and most famous cricket grounds. The first match was played there in 1864, and the last in 1989, after which the site was redeveloped into the shopping centre. The centre houses 56 stores, and covers around 420,000 square feet.
Marine Court
On the seafront at St. Leonards is Marine Court, a 1938 block of flats in the Art Deco style that was originally called 'The Ship' due to its style being based upon the ocean liner RMS Queen Mary.
Marine Court can be seen from 20 miles (32 km) away on a clear day from Eastbourne.
The Memorial
An important former landmark was the Memorial, a clock tower commemorating Albert the Prince Consort which stood for many years at the traffic junction in the town centre, but was demolished following an arson attack in the 1970's.
The Hastings Miniature Railway
The Hastings Miniature Railway operates along the beach from Rock-a-Nore to Marine Parade, and has provided tourist transport since 1948. The railway was considerably restored and re-opened in 2010.
Hastings' Tram Network
Hastings had a network of trams from 1905 to 1929. The trams ran as far as Bexhill, and were worked by overhead electric wires.
Notable People
Many notable figures were born, raised, or lived in Hastings, including computer scientist Alan Turing, poet Fiona Pitt-Kethley, actress Gwen Watford, comedian Jo Brand and Madness singer Suggs.
Additionally :
-- John Logie Baird lived in Hastings in the 1920's where he carried out experiments that led to the transmission of the first television image.
-- Robert Tressell wrote 'The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists' in Hastings between 1906 and 1910.
-- Gareth Barry, who holds the record number of appearances in the Premier League, was born in Hastings.
-- The author who worked as Grey Owl was born In Hastings and lived there for several years.
-- Harry H. Corbett (Steptoe & Son) lived in Hastings up until his death in 1982.
-- Anna Brassey, a collector and feminist pioneer of early photography, was based in Hastings until her death in 1887.
Anna Brassey
Baroness Anna "Annie" Brassey was born in London on the 7th. October 1839. Annie was an English traveller and writer. Her bestselling book 'A Voyage in the Sunbeam, our Home on the Ocean for Eleven Months' (1878) describes a voyage around the world.
Anna Brassey - The Early Years
Annie Brassey was born Anna Allnutt. As a child, she faced serious health problems. In his preface to Annie's book 'The Last Voyage', her husband recalled that she suffered from an inherited "weakness of the chest", apparently a form of chronic bronchitis.
As a young woman, she also suffered severe burns when she stood too close to a fireplace and her skirt caught fire. It took six months for her to recover from them.
Annie's Marriage to Lord Brassey
In 1860, she married the English Member of Parliament Thomas Brassey (knighted in 1881, becoming Earl Brassey in 1886), with whom she lived near his Hastings constituency. Thomas was born in 1836 and died in 1918.
The couple had five children together before they travelled aboard their luxury yacht Sunbeam. The yacht was said to have been named after their daughter - Lady Constance Alberta - who was nicknamed Sunbeam; she died of scarlet fever, aged four, on the 24th. January 1873.
The golden figurehead of the yacht depicting Constance is at the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London.
Annie's Travels and Publications
'A Voyage in the Sunbeam', describing their journey round the world in 1876–1877 with a complement of 43, including family, friends and crew, ran through many English editions, and was translated into at least five languages.
Her accounts of later voyages include 'Sunshine and Storm in the East' (1880); 'In the Trades, the Tropics, and the Roaring Forties' (1885); and 'The Last Voyage' (1889, published posthumously).
Annie had published privately earlier works including 'A Flight of the Meteor', detailing two cruises in the Mediterranean on their earlier yacht Meteor, and 'A Voyage in the Eothen', a description of their travels to Canada and the United States in 1872.
In July 1881, King Kalākaua of Hawaii, who had been greatly pleased with her description of his kingdom, was entertained at Normanhurst Castle, and invested Lady Brassey with the Royal Order of Kapiolani.
Annie was also involved with the publication of Colonel Henry Stuart-Wortley's 'Tahiti, a Series of Photographs' (1882).
The Death and Legacy of Lady Brassey
Lady Brassey's last voyage on the Sunbeam was to India and Australia, undertaken in November 1886 in order to improve her health. On the way to Mauritius, Annie died of malaria at the age of 47 on the 14th. September 1887, and was buried at sea.
At home in England, she had performed charitable work, largely for the St. John Ambulance Association. Her collection of ethnographic and natural history material was shown in a museum at her husband's London house until it was moved to Hastings Museum in 1919. There are also several photograph albums and other ephemera held at Hastings Library.
However, the vast majority of her photograph albums are now housed in the Huntington Library, San Marino, California. The collection of 70 albums, each containing 72 to 80 thick board pages, contains pre-eminent examples of historical travel.
The albums contain works by Annie and others she collected, including those of commercial photographers. Annie herself was an accomplished photographer. She joined the Royal Photographic Society in 1873 and remained a member until her death. She exhibited some of her work in its exhibitions in 1873 and 1886.
Lady Brassey was survived by four of her five children:
-- Thomas Brassey, 2nd Earl Brassey
-- Lady Mabelle Brassey
-- Muriel Sackville, Countess De La Warr
-- Marie Freeman-Thomas, Marchioness of Willingdon.
Segregation in the United States
So what else happened on the day that the card was posted?
Well, on Saturday the 5th. July 1913 the U.S. Post Office began the segregation of black postal clerks from white.
Two dozen white students at McFarland Junior High School at 4400 Iowa Ave. NW boycott classes October 5, 1954 on the second day of racially integrated schools.
Note the pieces of paper pinned to the back of some students’ heads that read “on strike.” The students were demanding a return to all-white schools.
About 500 white students boycotted classes at Anacostia and about 300 at McKinley High School on October 4th, the first day of integration. There were some minor scuffles at Anacostia between black and white students on the first day of the integration of classes.
The student strike spread to Eastern and six junior high schools on October 5th.
McKinley students marched to the Board of Education building October 5th and were herded into Franklin Park by police. A delegation of three students met with assistant school superintendent Norman J. Nelson.
Eastern and Anacostia students attempted marches to link up to build support for a school boycott October 5th, but were largely prevented from joining forces by District of Columbia police who halted them on the Sousa Bridge on Pennsylvania Ave. SE.
By October 6th, the strikes and school boycotts collapsed with attendance near normal.
The District of Columbia was one of the few major segregated school systems that moved quickly to integrate schools in the wake of the four May 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decisions outlawing school segregations, including the Bolling v. Sharpe decision banning Jim Crow public schools in Washington, D.C.
However, the school system quickly implemented a track system where black students were placed in the lowest tracks that included no college preparation courses and effectively segregated most black students within the schools.
The June 1967 Hobson v. Hansen decision broke up the track system, but by then white flight to the suburbs had effectively re-segregated District of Columbia public schools.
For a background post on the fight to break up D.C.’s Jim Crow schools, see washingtonareaspark.com/2015/08/20/dcs-fighting-barber-th...
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHskivJu7g
Photo by Francis Routt. The image is courtesy of the D.C. Public Library Washington Star Collection © Washington Post.
(History.com) On July 2, 1964, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs into law the historic Civil Rights Act in a nationally televised ceremony at the White House.
In the landmark 1954 case Brown v. Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in schools was unconstitutional. The 10 years that followed saw great strides for the African-American civil rights moveme...nt, as non-violent demonstrations won thousands of supporters to the cause. Memorable landmarks in the struggle included the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955--sparked by the refusal of Alabama resident Rosa Parks to give up her seat on a city bus to a white woman--and Martin Luther King, Jr.'s famous "I have a dream" speech at a rally of hundreds of thousands in Washington, D.C., in 1963.
As the strength of the civil rights movement grew, John F. Kennedy made passage of a new civil rights bill one of the platforms of his successful 1960 presidential campaign. As Kennedy's vice president, Johnson served as chairman of the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunities. After Kennedy was assassinated in November 1963, Johnson vowed to carry out his proposals for civil rights reform.
The Civil Rights Act fought tough opposition in the House and a lengthy, heated debate in the Senate before being approved in July 1964. For the signing of the historic legislation, Johnson invited hundreds of guests to a televised ceremony in the White House's East Room. After using more than 75 pens to sign the bill, he gave them away as mementoes of the historic occasion, according to tradition. One of the first pens went to King, leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), who called it one of his most cherished possessions. Johnson gave two more to Senators Hubert Humphrey and Everett McKinley Dirksen, the Democratic and Republican managers of the bill in the Senate.
The most sweeping civil rights legislation passed by Congress since the post-Civil War Reconstruction era, the Civil Rights Act prohibited racial discrimination in employment and education and outlawed racial segregation in public places such as schools, buses, parks and swimming pools. In addition, the bill laid important groundwork for a number of other pieces of legislation--including the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which set strict rules for protecting the right of African Americans to vote--that have since been used to enforce equal rights for women as well as all minorities.
English follows the Hebrew
ב-11/2/13 נעצרו 3 מנשות הכותל שהחלו לפעול ב- 1988 ומאז נלחמות על זכותן הפמיניסטית להתפלל כמו הגברים בשירה בקול ולבושות בתלית,.
הן אומרות שלמרות המעצרים החוזרים הן יחזרו לשם בכל פעם מחדש עד שיכירו בזכותן להתפלל לפי אמונתן.
Three women of the group "Women of the Wailing Wall" were arrested while fighting for there right to pray as men do dressing in a talit and singing the praier in load voice.
They say that despite repeated arrests they will repeat this act again and again until they get recognized for their right to pray according to their faith
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ראש חודש נחשב חג עבור נשים עוד מתקופת התלמוד. בראש חודש, לפי מסורת חז"ל, הנשים פטורות מכל מלאכה, מאחר וקיבלו תגמול מאת ה' על כי לא השתתפו עם הגברים במעשה עגל הזהב.
המאבק של נשות הכותל התחיל בדצמבר 1988 לאחר הכנס הבינלאומי הראשון של פמיניסטיות יהודיות בה השתתפו עשרות נשים מכל העולם ". כחלק מהכנס, תכננו הנשים המשתתפות לקיים תפילת הודיה לשלום המדינה ברחבת הכותל עם ספר תורה. כאשר הגיעו והחלו החלו לקרואבתורה, התפרצה השתוללות אלימה מצד עזרת הגברים. הם ירקו עליהן, התעללו בהן התעללות מילולית וסחבו להן את ספרי הסידור מהיד. כל זאת, רק בשל העובדה שנשות הכותל התפללו בקול, עטופות בטליתות ואוחזות ספר תורה.
Rosh Chodesh is considered a holiday for women since the days of the Talmud. First of the month, according to rabbinic tradition, women are exempt from all work, since the compensation received from the Lord on that did not participate with the men act the Golden Calf.
Struggle of "Women of the Wailing Wall" began in December 1988 after the first International Conference of Jewish feminists attended by dozens of women from around the world. "As part of the conference, planned to women participating to have a prayer of thanksgiving for the State at the Wall with a Torah scroll. When they arrived and began began to read from the Torah, broke Rampage violent men's section. they spat on them, abused them verbally abused and dragged them to the hand arrangement books. all this, simply because women of prayed aloud, wrapped in shawls and holding a Torah scroll.
Not many people remember anymore, but this barrier island just south of Port Everglades was once the only place in Broward County where blacks were allowed to swim.
Read the complete story here: articles.sun-sentinel.com/1996-09-08/news/9609070300_1_bl...
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Eugene Davisson, the former president of the D.C. NAACP and the former administrator of the New Negro Alliance, is shown after being nominated to serve on the District of Columbia real estate commission September 28, 1963.
Davidson was a real estate broker who first worked in the family real estate business and later founded his own firm in 1947.
Eugene V. Davidson, the president of the District of Columbia NAACP from 1952 to 1958.
Davidson gained early fame when he was named administrator of the New Negro Alliance in 1939.
Davidson broadened the NNA to include left-wing activists like Doxey Wilkerson, U. Simpson Tate and George H. Rycraw as well as moderates like future mayor Walter Washington and Roberta Hastie, wife of Judge William H. Hastie.
The group had been picketing and boycotting stores in the District since 1933 under the slogan, “Don’t buy where you can’t work.”
The group had initial success in a number of smaller stores and early on convinced the A&P grocery store to integrate three of its stores located in black neighborhoods, but efforts had stalled.
Davidson renewed the offensive against smaller stores and quickly desegregated Joseph Oxenburg at 1314 7th Street NW, Bonnett’s Shore Store at 1310 7th Street and Capitol Shoe Store at 1338 7th Street.
He recruited national NAACP president Walter White and prominent rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune to picket People’s Drug Store demanding that the chain hire black clerks and cashiers.
Despite the renewed pressure, chains like Sanitary Grocery (Safeway) and People’s Drug Store successfully resisted the pressure.
During 1941, Davidson helped organize the local chapter of A. Phillip Randolph’s March on Washington Movement whose threatened demonstration prompted President Franklin Roosevelt to issue an executive order barring discrimination in defense-related industry.
While head of the local NAACP, Davidson oversaw the end of legal segregation in the District and challenged many institutions to live up to the law, including D.C. schools, the police and fire departments, and the board of realtors.
It was after he charged the District police department with brutality in 1957 that a cross was burned in front of his house.
Davidson was a District of Columbia native who graduated from what would become Dunbar High School. He graduated from Howard University, received an A. B. degree from Harvard and returned to Howard to get a bachelor of laws degree.
He began assisting his father, who had been the first executive secretary of the District of Columbia NAACP, in the family real estate business. He continued to run the company until his retirement in 1973.
He served in the U.S. Army as a lieutenant in World War I and at one time was editor of three black-oriented newspapers in the city.
Davidson died in 1976
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHsmCRQ7WS
The image is courtesy of the D.C. Public Library Washington Star Collection © Washington Post.
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Canada votes 2025, and Seniors represent over 20% of the vote
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Theres been 730 X'es scratched on a Senior citizens yearly calendar ;
A new 10% raise in old age pension has been promised to Seniors. This raise is to start in July 2020 for those over 75 ;
But Senior citizens must endure a long and frustrating waiting period when the promised raise is to be withheld for an additional 2 full years while it is used and blended in with many other Government financial matters never mentioned in the Prime Minister's original promise of a simple, straightforward, no strings attached raise not connected to anything else or attached to any other matter ?
" What's taking so long ? " Doyle F. Brunson, ( poker player )
"The longer you can make something last - the more you get to use it .." ( Wise old Chinese proverb)
to milk (def) - To exploit or defraud (someone), typically by taking regular small amounts of money over an extended period of time.
July, 2022 - After 7 years in power the Liberal Government will finally give Senior citizens some well deserved recognition in the form of a 10% increase in their old age pension ? But this time it will be different because they will no longer recognize the standard Seniors' 65 years of age qualification rule but for the first time ever require that all qualifying Seniors must now be over age 75 ? This new and never before used culling system appears to incorporate ageism and segregation that will eliminate 57 % of Canadian Seniors from the new raise ?
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July 2020 thru July 2022 - The new 10% raise in Seniors pension seems to be being used repeatedly by the Liberal Government in a variety of Government financial matters that had never been mentioned, negotiated, disclosed or agreed upon when this raise was originally presented by the Primre Minister back in Sept 2019 ?
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A brief history of the events leading up to the final release of the 10% in Seniors pensions :
Global News · 2019-09-18 In a pre election speech the PM appears on TV to announce a new 10% raise for Seniors pension . He promises that the raise will begin in July 2020. He also promises Seniors that he will raise the Widows pension by 25 % ?
www.bing.com/videos/search?q=liberals++promise+to+raise+s...
Sept 2019 - Justin Trudeau announces a new 10% raise in Seniors old age pensions to begin July of 2020. A highly unusual caveat will be included this time around whereby all Seniors aged 65 to 74 are to be excluded and won't get the raise even though they have all earned their rightful place in society as Senior citizens ? This will eliminate over 4 million Seniors from their 630.00 per year entitlement and should save the Government ( 4 million x 630 = 2,520,000,000 ) each year ?
July 2020 - Covi has arrived, and there will be no budget - There seems to be plenty of Covi help for everyone else, but the 10% raise in OAS for Seniors due to start in July/2020 is withheld and it is not rolled out as scheduled in the month of July ( nor even during the entire year of 2020 ) ? Unfortunately the raise is being referred to as monetary assistance for Seniors in this Covi pandemic ?
Apr 2021 - Budget 2021 - a new year with a new budget. It seems that the 10% raise promised back in 2019 is to represent the highlight and major new Seniors benefit in federal Budget 2021 , (even though the raise is still being withheld and even though it won't be released in 2021 ) ? Many Liberal politicians continue to refer to the raise in the sense that the raise is already released and use and being enjoyed by Seniors ? Of course this is absolutely false, and any such inference, pretense or presumption in oral or written communication is misleading and hurtful to Seniors who are being misrepresented .
Apr 2022 - The promised benefit of a 10% raise in Seniors old age pension is to be repeated and will be re-used in Budget 2022 and will once again take credit as a new benefit given directly to Seniors as their part of the 2022 federal budget ? , The 10% raise in the Seniors pension was suppose to start 2 years ago in July 2020, but is still being withheld at the time of this budget and has never been released as yet ?
Thursday June 23, 2022 Chrystia Freeland announces a new $8.9 billion plan that will help Canadians deal with this year's record-breaking inflation. It seems that the, still unreleased, 10% raise in Seniors old age pension is once again being called upon this time to represent the Senior citizens share of the new 8.9 billion dollar Affordability Plan ?
www.thestar.com/business/2022/06/16/seniors-renters-and-l....
July 4th, 2022 - It's been a long 3-years since the P.M.'s original announcement and no one is yet to receive a cent from this frequently referred to, constantly reminded of, many times mentioned, boastfully bragged about, continually credited and repeatedly re-used 10% increase in Seniors Old Age pension that was supposed to start 2 years ago back in July of 2020 ?
July 21 st, 2022 - Minister of Seniors Kamal Khera proudly announces what she calls 'new' support for Seniors ? She says 'new' support is to be in the form of a 10% raise in the Seniors OAS monthly payments for those over 75 ? But, but, wait just a minute ? This is the raise first announced back in Sept of 2019 and suppose to begin in July 2020 that we've all been waiting on for the last 2 years ? And so it's difficult to understand how the Minister can call something 3 years old and 2 years late in starting, as ' new' ? It 's also difficult to understand how anyone would consider this as new support for "Seniors" when in fact it doesn't apply to all 'Seniors' and this raise only applies to the minority of Seniors, ( those over age 75) and will exclude the majority of seniors, (all those aged 65 to 74 or 57% of Seniors ) ? Nevertheless, even though it is now 2 years late, such an announcement is most welcome news and will certainly provide comfort to the 43% of eligible Seniors who qualify especially after some of them had given up all hope after waiting 2 years now for the promised raise to finally begin ?
July 27th, 2022 "The big Day has Finally Arrived ! "
O happy day ! Eligible Seniors are today reporting that the very first-ever monthly 10 % increase in their pension that had originally been promised to them back in Sept 2019 is finally here, (some 2 years late).
Nov 3rd, 2022,'the Fall Economic Statement'
In a press conference, the Government has announced its 'Fall Economic Statement' in the form of a November mini-budget. Seniors are not mentioned in the announcement ? When queried about this omission the reply was that Seniors will receive a 10 % raise in OAS ? Although seniors were expecting some much-needed new assistance in this new mini budget, unfortunately, there was just another repeat usage of the 10% Seniors OAS raise, (where they make it kook as if all Seniors are getting it but in truth all Seniors age 65 thru 74 are excluded ) ? Incredibly, this will be the 3rd consecutive Federal budget that they will use the same 10% Seniors raise in OAS as to be the benefit given to Seniors ?
"Surely never before in the field of Government benefits, has a benefit ever been used in so many different ways and in so many different matters and by so many different Liberal politicians on so many different occasions over so many different years. "
A gift from Chrystia ? 😄😄😄😄
Xmas 2021 - Can you imagine someone giving you a gift at Xmas time and explaining that although it is this year's gift to you, the actual gift itself is not here ? And then, one year later, on the following Xmas 2022, you're told by the same person, 'remember the Xmas gift I gave you last year, well - I'll be using it as this year's Xmas gift to you as well - and I promise you that it will be arriving soon - Merry Xmas ? Oh, and btw, I'll also be using it for Easter and for your birthday, and also for an early Xmas gift that I plan to hand out in Nov ? but not to worry,, I promise it will be coming ?
there are 4 million Senior Citizens aged 65 thru 74 :
10% raise to the Seniors OAS_________2019____EXcluded
500.oo 1 time Seniors Covi benefit _____2021____EXcluded
8.9 billion $ Affordability plan_________2022____EXcluded
2022 Fall minibudget_______________________Forgotten
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news clippings,,
Global News · 2019-09-18 Initial promise of a new 10% increase in Seniors OAS starting in 2020 but only to those 75 and up ?
www.bing.com/videos/search?q=liberals++promise+to+raise+s...
Trudeau in Kitchener Monday, Sept. 16, 2019 : New 10 % OAS raise to seniors will begin in July 2020,
www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberals-trudeau-seniors-electio...
2019-09-18 Trudeau promises Seniors that he will boost the CPP survivor's benefit by 25%
www.bing.com/videos/search?q=liberals+promise+to+raise+se...
August 10, 2020 - Trudeau seeks advice from Mark Carney on economic recovery plan,,
www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/trudeau-seeks-advice-from...
COVID-19 update: Call for inquiry ? Canada closing in on 50,000 known cases. Nursing homes account for 79% of deaths to date ? Calling for an inquiry into long care nursing-home similar to the Government's 100 million dollar MMA inquiry which ended up ruled as genocide ?
nationalpost.com/news/canada/covid-19-trudeau-says-in-man...
Ontario’ genocide ? Losses in the COVID-19 deaths is more than 5,000 Ontario nursing-home residents,
calgaryherald.com/news/covid-deaths-lawsuit-against-ontar...
In 2020, the consolidated Canadian general government (CGG), posted a historic deficit in the order of $325.5 billion.
www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/211122/dq211122a-...
Since coming to office in 2015, the Trudeau Liberals have increased federal spending from $281 billion to $497 billion. The national population has increased 21%.
www.msn.com/en-ca/news/other/gunter-liberal-achievements-...
Canada’s auditor general says a “minimum” of $27.4 billion in suspicious COVID-19 benefit payments needs investigated ? CRA announced they will not investigate $30 billion in suspicious CERB payments because “it wouldn’t be worth the effort"
nationalpost.com/news/politics/auditor-general-27-billion...
Seniors must endure an additional long and frustrating 2 year waiting period after the Liberals hold back a promised 10 % raise for 2 years while using it over and over in a variety of different non-related Government financial matters ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/52226068212/in/album-7...
Elderly Canadians in trouble - Seniors find themselves placed on the bottom of the Trudeau totem pole ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/50876147926/in/photost...
The doubling of the cost of renting combined with high prices on everything else push low and middle class Seniors into poverty :
www.msn.com/en-ca/money/topstories/single-seniors-being-p...
www.thestar.com/business/2022/06/16/seniors-renters-and-l...
2022 Federal budget ? The, still held back, 10 % raise to Seniors old age pension that was given to Seniors in last years budget 2021 is resurrected and re-given again in yet another Federal budget ? www.ctvnews.ca/politics/what-the-2022-federal-budget-has-...
Jun, 2022 - disguising the Seniors share ? Deputy prime minister and minister of finance Chrystia Freeland misrepresents 57 % of Seniors when announcing an $8.9 billion plan to help Canadians deal with record-breaking inflation.
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/52229440155/in/album-7...
Nov 2022 - Some MP rapid rhetoric, Kamal Kould Khera less Minister of Seniors is questioned in the House of Commons ,
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/52508005196
July 18 2022 - How can a benefit described as 'new' in an election promise some 3 years ago in 2019, and then described again as a 'new' help for Seniors in the pandemic 2020, and then described as 'new' again as a benefit for Seniors in the federal budget 2021, and then described and used once again as a 'new' benefit for Seniors in federal budget 2022, and then in 2022 also described once again as a 'new' benefit for Seniors in an Affordability Plan and also in as new in the Liberal Fall mini budget, ever be described and referred to as something 'new' by this Liberal Minister of Seniors ? Kamal Khera on July 18 2022 announcing, "Today we are announcing new support for Seniors aged 75 and up" ?? What's ??? Like a stuck record playing over and over ? www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=35310363329969&set=a.237...
March 31, 2023 - Renters desperately need urgent help now ? Rent for a 1 bedroom in Halifax goes from pre-Covi 750.oo in 2019, up to 2150.oo in 2024 ? Liberals offer help but place extreme restrictions and severe limitations that are almost impossible to overcome on their Canada $500 Rent Assistance benefit and make it a strictly 1 time only benefit ?
www.canada.ca/en/services/taxes/child-and-family-benefits...
Years of unimaginable abuse to Senior Citizens in Long Care Nursing Homes - Manitoba to disband office created to protect Seniors in long term care following a scathing report ? quote "What the report revealed, specifically as it relates to abuse of elderly, is sickening and repulsive," Relatives call for inquiry similar to MMA inquiry into decades of systemic abuse and the genocide of totally vulnerable and helpless Senior citizens ?
www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/manitoba-auditor-general-...
Bill C-319 is an Act to amend the Old Age Security Act (amount of full pension)
www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-319
July 26,2023 - Seamus O’Regan Jr. appointed new Minister of Seniors ? Kamal Kould Khera less is out and Seamus is in ? Both of these Minister of Seniors voted NO to C-319 that would have provided justice, fair play and equality to Seniors aged 65 thru 74 ?
vocm.com/2023/07/26/oregan-hutchings-gain-new-cabinet-dut...
Oct 18 2023 - Bill C-319 - Minister of Finance, the PM and both Ministers of Seniors vote No to allowing Seniors aged 65 thru 74 the right to receive the same 10% raise in OAS as other Seniors currently enjoy ? But the Bill passes first reading anyway without them ?
www.ourcommons.ca/Members/en/votes/44/1/422
Oct 22 2023 House of Commons - Many Seniors are also veterans . Questions to the Standing Committee on Veterans Affairs - Why is this Liberal Government banning Christian prayers such as the Lords Prayer on Remembrance Day ? In many cases these were the last words ever spoken to a dying soldier on the battlefield .
www.youtube.com/watch?v=0B1fXX5gQMk
Jul 29, 2024 - a CBC news article could create friction between Canadian Seniors and the younger generations ? www.cbc.ca/radio/costofliving/seniors-discounts-1.7275056
Why are Halifax Councillors taking advantage of the poor the sick the vulnerable elderly Senior citizens by tricking them into paying for free loaders to ride the HRM transit system for free ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/48602924896/in/album-7...
Many Senior citizens enjoy the occasional recreational tobacco, however a small indulgence is now unaffordable for many Seniors due to punishing Government over taxation,
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/53088887466/in/datepos...
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/9344935900
CBC Apr 21 2024 - Are they blaming Seniors now for the housing crisis ? Treasury Board President Anita Anand implies budgets have been over generous to Seniors and this may have cost the younger generation ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/53679216053/in/album-7...
CRA taxation year 2023 - While many Senior citizens struggle with the increasing cost of living, Liberals raise personal income taxes of low and mid-income Seniors ?
www.flickr.com/photos/74039487@N02/53679216053/in/album-7...
Some struggling seniors will soon shiver ? The Nova Scotia Tim Houston Government is apparently unawares of the record cost of living struggle and rental crisis in Nova Scotia and they've decided to cut this years home heating rebate downwards to almost half of what it was last year ? The rebate is reduced to 600 dollars for winter 2024-25 ?
ca.news.yahoo.com/province-considered-multiple-options-he...
As Seniors old age pensions are being downsized the Canada Child Benefit has been up sized by 4.7% ?
www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canadian-families-will-receive-more...
In a groundbreaking move, CBC introduces gambling in the Olympic games for the first time ever ?
2024 Paris Olympics - It appears that CBC has partnered with one particular online Casino company and BetRivers in running sports betting ads during its telecasting of Olympic events ? Is the inclusion of a Casino and Sports betting parlor running gambling ads during thr Olympic events appropriate to the principles and high moral standards exemplified by the Olympic Games ?
frontofficesports.com/ins-and-outs-of-betting-on-paris-ol...
Dec 07, 2024 , Department in charge of Old Age Security auditor doesn't know if the current payments are enough,
www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/canada-old-age-se...
Jan 06, 2025 - Trudeau resigns as prime minister,, Prorogues Parliament until March 24 2025,,
www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-news-conferen
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In June 2002 Israel began building a winding 721 km long barrier between itself and the West Bank.
Read more on www.decodejerusalem.net
Click the "All Sizes" button above (next, click on "Original Size") to read an article or to see the image clearly.
These scans come from my rather large magazine collection. Instead of filling my house with old moldy magazines, I scanned them (in most cases, photographed them) and filled a storage area with moldy magazines. Now they reside on an external hard drive. I thought others might appreciate these tidbits of forgotten history.
Please feel free to leave any comments or thoughts or impressions... Thanks in advance!
From left to right:
Commissioner Felipe González, Second Vice-Chair of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Commissioner Rosa María Ortiz, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Date: March 23, 2012
Place: Washington, DC
Credit: Juan Manuel Herrera/OAS
Pickets organized by the U.S. National Student Association picket the White House April 11, 1964 demanding an end to U.S. support of the white settler regime in South Africa.
Signs read, “We Support Stronger Action Against Apartheid,” “Must We Wait for Destruction to Act,” “Sponsor U.S. National Student Association,” and “Down with Separate Development.”
The British and Dutch fought over settler domination of the country for many years with the British ultimately defeating the Dutch settlers in the second Boer War 1899-1902. The British government began ceding power in the country to the white settler minority (about 20% of the population) over the coming decades.
Racial segregation was practiced in country, but was codified into law in 1948 when the National Party (primarily descendants of the Dutch) gained full power.
Every aspect of life was segregated with the white minority developing the highest per capita income on the continent while the black majority lived in poverty.
The U.S. backed the white minority regime to serve as a bulwark against the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China.
However a long struggle by the African National Congress (ANC) headed by Nelson Mandela ultimately forced the white minority to cede power through political protest and armed struggle.
The National Party lifted the ban on the ANC in 1990 and released Mandela from 27 years of imprisonment.
In 1994, the ANC won the first free national elections and has been in power since.
Protests against the South African white minority regime in the U.S. began almost immediately after apartheid was imposed in 1948, but increased in momentum in the 1980s when daily demonstrations at the South African Embassy resulted in several thousand arrests.
Ironically, the National Student Association, sponsor of this 1964 protest, was revealed in 1967 to be partially financed by Central Intelligence Agency.
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHsjDjwNgU and flic.kr/s/aHskuchH91
Photo by Gene Abbott. The image is courtesy of the D.C. Public Library Washington Star Collection © Washington Post.
Little Rock Central High School (LRCHS) is an accredited comprehensive public high school in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States. Central High School was the site of forced school desegregation after the US Supreme Court ruled in 1954 that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional. This was during the period of heightened activism in the Civil Rights Movement. Central is located at the intersection of Daisy L. Gatson Bates Drive (named for the civil rights leader and formerly known as 14th Street) and Park Street.
On November 6, 1998, Congress established Little Rock Central High School National Historic Site. The National Historic Site is administered in partnership with the National Park Service, Little Rock Public Schools, the City of Little Rock, and others.
The Visitor Center for the site is located diagonally across the street from the school and across from the memorial dedicated by Michael Warrick, and opened in fall 2006. It contains a captioned interpretive film on the Little Rock integration crisis, as well as multimedia exhibits on both that and the larger context of desegregation during the 20th century and the Civil Rights Movement.
Opposite the Visitor Center to the west is the Central High Commemorative Garden, which features nine trees and benches that honor the students. Arches that represent the school's facade contain embedded photographs of the school in years since the crisis, and showcase students of various backgrounds in activities together.
Opposite the Visitor Center to the south is a historic Mobil gas station, which has been preserved in its appearance at the time of the crisis. At the time, it served as the area for the press and radio and television reporters. It later served as a temporary Visitor Center before the new one was built.
Information from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Rock_Central_High_School
A large crowd listens to Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy gives an impromptu speech to District of Columbia civil rights marchers June 14, 1963 outside the U.S. Justice Department.
Kennedy defended the administration, but conceded there was more work to do on civil rights.
He was confronted by local CORE leader Julius Hobson who asked Kennedy why FBI agents in Jackson, Mississippi did not act when they saw an African American man beaten. Kennedy responded that, “The FBI is not a national police force and has no authority beyond gathering evidence in such cases.”
Kennedy was also asked why the Justice Department didn’t hire more African Americans. Kennedy responded that when their administration took over there were only 10 of 500 attorneys in the department that were black and now there were 60.
Demonstrators challenged Kennedy that 60 out of now 900 attorneys was not enough. Kennedy responded that, “He was not going to go out and hire a Negro just because he wasn’t white.”
Watching the proceedings at the Justice Department, but not joining the group,, Malcolm X offered his thoughts to a Washington Post reporter:
“Whenever sheep try to integrate with the wolf, then there is a step forward for the wolf, not the sheep….They have fair housing in New York, but it is worse perhaps than here. This is nothing more than political trickery. The law means nothing when you are Jim Crow….The whites here and Kennedy were just salving their guilty consciences.”
The day began with two marches to Lafayette Park. One began at 16th and Fuller St. NW and the other from 8th and H Street NE.
The marches started out with only a dozen people at each location, but hundreds joined along the parade route in the action initiated by Julius Hobson of the District of Columbia branch of the Congress of Racial Equality.
The specific demands were the adoption of anti-discrimination housing regulations and adoption of fair employment regulations in the city by the District Commissioners in addition to commemorating the recently assassinated civil rights leader Medgar Evers.
Among the groups joining CORE were Women’s Strike for Peace, Americans for Democratic Action, NAACP, the Washington Peace Action Center, Committee for a SANE Nuclear Policy, SCLC, the Federation of Civic Associations, Democratic Central Committee and the Student Peace Union.
The Teamsters Union paid for printing of 100,000 handbills and the Industrial Union Department of the AFL-CIO paid for 4,000 flyers to publicize the event.
By the time the rally got underway at Lafayette Park, the Washington Post estimated 3,000 were in attendance. It was the largest local civil rights demonstration since a series of Marion Anderson concerts acted as a protest for rights.
Rev. Smallwood Williams, president of the D.C. branch of the SCLC, got the rally underway with a prayer that said in part:
“Thou hast made us to know that men of all races must learn to live together as brothers or die as rats…We pray for an immediate elimination of racial segregation, bigotry, bias and Jim Crow-ism, that America will have an immediate new birth of freedom.”
From Lafayette Park the group marched to the District (now Wilson) Building. where Walter Tobriner, president of the D.C. commissioners, told the group that fair housing regulations would be adopted within the year and promised “early hearings” on a fair employment practices regulation.
The marchers then headed to the Justice Department where they were demanding federal protection of civil rights demonstrators and that the Justice Department hire more black people.
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHskgSB6Zi
Photo by Schmick. The image is courtesy of the D.C. Public Library Washington Star Collection © Washington Post.
Two ball chains (the kind you find on light switches or inside toilets) are shaken on a slot shaped horizontal plate. The shaking provides something like temperature and the chains are something like 2D self-avoiding polymers. The two chains are each 176cm long and identical except that they are colored red and blue. After a while, they exhibit a kind of phase separation in which they each occupy non-overlapping regions of the plate. They sometimes form spirals and occasionally cross themselves. This separation is supposed to be an entropic effect: there are more separated configurations than mixed ones.
The shaking frequency was 20Hz. The pictures are taken 5s apart and animated at 10fps, so each second of the movie is 50 seconds of real time.
Video by Justin Bondy
Exposition : The color line
Du mardi 04 octobre 2016 au dimanche 15 janvier 2017
Quel rôle a joué l’art dans la quête d’égalité et d’affirmation de l’identité noire dans l’Amérique de la Ségrégation ? L'exposition rend hommage aux artistes et penseurs africains-américains qui ont contribué, durant près d’un siècle et demi de luttes, à estomper cette "ligne de couleur" discriminatoire.
—————
« Le problème du 20e siècle est le problème de la ligne de partage des couleurs ».
Si la fin de la Guerre de Sécession en 1865 a bien sonné l’abolition de l'esclavage, la ligne de démarcation raciale va encore marquer durablement la société américaine, comme le pressent le militant W.E.B. Du Bois en 1903 dans The Soul of Black Folks. L’exposition The Color Line revient sur cette période sombre des États-Unis à travers l’histoire culturelle de ses artistes noirs, premières cibles de ces discriminations.
Des thématiques racistes du vaudeville américain et des spectacles de Minstrels du 19e siècle à l’effervescence culturelle et littéraire de la Harlem Renaissance du début du 20e siècle, des pionniers de l’activisme noir (Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington) au réquisitoire de la chanteuse Billie Holiday (Strange Fruit), ce sont près de 150 ans de production artistique – peinture, sculpture, photographie, cinéma, musique, littérature… – qui témoignent de la richesse créative de la contestation noire.
Wasting the City! A box for a box
There it goes! The Frappant Building in Hamburg Altona is teared down to build a new City Ikea. Wide range and long lasting protest didn't help. People are not only scared that the new massive Ikea-Store in the residential area of Hamburg-Altona will bring way more traffic into the area, but also that Ikea is part of the gentrification that starts with higher rents and ends with residential segregation. At the end of the day..a box will be replaced by an even bigger box.
An ad hoc committee called the National Non-Partisan Mass Delegation to Washington puts out a flyer calling for a gathering in Washington, D.C. June 2, 1948 to demand Congress pass civil rights legislation.
Specific demands included abolition of the poll tax, a permanent Fair Employment Practices Commission (The FEPC existed during World War II—similar to today’s EEOC), ending segregation in the armed forces, and passage federal legislation making lynching a crime.
Two of the main sponsors were NAACP founder W. E. B. DuBois and actor, singer and civil rights activist Paul Robeson.
Several thousand attended the demonstration and added defeat of the Mundt-Nixon anti-communist bill to its legislative demands.
For a PDF of this 4-page flyer, see washingtonspark.files.wordpress.com/2019/08/mundt-bill-4-...
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHskcoQznH
Courtesy of J133. N. Y. Comm. To Defeat Mundt Bill - Campaign Against Mundt Bill, 1948. 1948. Papers of the Civil Rights Congress. New York Public Library. Archives Unbound. Web. 22 Aug. 2019. .
Gale Document Number:SC5005383018
The front and back of the program for the March 16, 1936 opening of Porgy and Bess before an integrated audience at the National Theatre in Washington, D.C.
The segregated theater was the target of an actors’ revolt against Jim Crow when the cast refused to perform before a white-only or segregated seating audience.
Todd Duncan and Anne Brown, the two leads of “Porgy and Bess,” announced their refusal to perform at the whites-only National Theater unless the theater admitted a fully integrated audience.
They were threatened with being fired from the show and fined by the actor’s union, but they held their ground and the rest of the cast backed them. Ralph Bunche, chair of Howard’s Department of Political Science Department and a leader of the Howard Teachers Union (HTU), rallied other labor groups and met with management, threatening to picket the theater.
The theater finally offered a compromise: blacks could sit in designated sections. The cast rejected this and held firm that they would not perform if there were any restrictions. The National Theater management gave in and the performance opened on March 16, 1936 with African Americans present in every section. The victory was short-lived, however, as the theater immediately went back to its whites-only seating.
The struggle for integration of public facilities in the District continued with boycotts and pickets of Jim Crow theaters, restaurants and parks in the city that won substantial gains.
In the 1953, the Supreme Court issued its decision in the Thompson restaurant case that reinstated Washington’s “lost laws” of 1872 that outlawed discrimination in public facilities. A year later the Supreme Court ended public school segregation in the District in the Bolling v. Sharpe case.
For a brief history of the struggle to integrate Washington’s performing arts theaters, see washingtonspark.wordpress.com/2013/03/14/dcs-old-jim-crow...
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHsjEkdYcB
This original program was found via Internet auction.
I thought others might appreciate these tidbits of forgotten history.
Please feel free to leave any comments or thoughts or impressions... Thanks in advance!
Click the "All Sizes" button above to read an article or to see the image clearly.
These scans come from my rather large magazine collection. Instead of filling my house with old moldy magazines, I scanned them (in most cases, photographed them) and filled a storage area with moldy magazines. Now they reside on an external harddrive. I thought others might appreciate these tidbits of forgotten history.
Please feel free to leave any comments or thoughts or impressions... Thanks in advance!