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Edible Parts: Leaves,
Edible Uses: Potherb,
Leaves - cooked. This plant is in a family that contains many poisonous plants so some caution is advised in using it.
CAUTION: No records of toxicity have been seen but this species belongs to a family that contains many poisonous plants. Some caution is therefore advised.
MEDICINAL USES: Anodyne, Antianxiety, Antidepressant, Antispasmodic, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Galactofuge, Odontalgic
The Californian poppy is a bitter sedative herb that acts as a diuretic, relieves pain, relaxes spasms and promotes perspiration. The whole plant is harvested when in flower and dried for use in tinctures and infusions. It is taken internally in the treatment of nervous tension, anxiety, insomnia and incontinence (especially in children). The watery sap is mildly narcotic and has been used to relieve toothache. It is similar in its effect to the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) but is much milder in its action and does not depress the central nervous system. Another report says that it has a markedly different effect upon the central nervous system, that it is not a narcotic but tends to normalize psychological function. Its gently antispasmodic, sedative and analgesic actions make it a valuable herbal medicine for treating physical and psychological problems in children. It may also prove beneficial in attempts to overcome bedwetting, difficulty in sleeping and nervous tension and anxiety. An extract of the root is used as a wash on the breasts to suppress the flow of milk in lactating females.
www.pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Eschscholzia+calif...
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Shiatsu Massage
Shiatsu massage originated from acupuncture point therapy that has been circulated for thousands of years in China. It uses fingers to knead acupoints, dredge the meridians, and relieve fatigue and relieve pain. Western medical research has confirmed that stimulating acupuncture points can promote the secretion of endorphins in the body. It is a sedative produced naturally by the human body, which can calm the nerves and relieve tension.
Restore balance
Place one hand flat just above the belly button and place the other hand on the magic massager pillow. When breathing, the hands rise and fall with the rise and fall of the abdomen. Then, lightly press the palm of your hand on your abdomen and rotate it clockwise. Finally, relax. This action is not only beneficial to the digestive system but also helps the entire body restore balance.
Relax the body
Hold the feet in the palms of both hands, massage the back of the instep with your thumb, moving up from the area near the toes to the ankle. The massage should be light, fast, and rhythmic. Then pinch each toe to release the excess energy stored in the meridians. This action can relax people immediately.
Relaxation beauty
Shiatsu massage for relaxing beauty focuses on the face. Wash and warm your hands first. Use your thumb and index finger to press 5 to 6 times along the sides of your face from the middle of your chin. Repeat this action, massaging the middle part of the cheek and the lower part of the eye socket. Repeat the above steps several times, and finally press a little harder on the temple to end. By acting on several meridians, it can relax, smooth the circulation of qi and blood, and make the complexion brighter.
Adjust emotion
Straighten your right arm, open your palm, palm forward. Use the palm of your left hand to press down on the inside of your right arm, from shoulder to wrist. Repeat 6 times, then massage the outer arm, repeat 6 times, so as to stimulate the acupuncture points of the heart meridian and lung meridian, which can regulate emotions.
Cheer up
Place your arms behind your back, make your hands in a fist shape, and lift them up to your shoulder blades as much as possible, but with not too much force. Exhale, pat both sides of the spine until the sacrum (bladder meridian), then pat upwards, repeat several times, which can make people feel energetic and full of energy.
Venous return
Standing or sitting for a long time will lead to the poor venous return of the lower extremities, ranging from swelling of the ankles to severe varicose veins. If you insist on rubbing your calf with your palm every day, from the ankle to the knee (where the liver meridian passes). Then massage the inner thigh to the groin with acupressure, and then massage down the front of the thigh and the outer side of the tibia to promote the venous return of the lower limbs and eliminate swelling and pain in the ankle.
Relieve tension
Place your right hand behind your neck, and massage the base of your skull with the root of your hand to the shoulder. It can relax the neck, reduce the tension in the gallbladder vein, and maintain a good mood.
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Christopher Vestel bangs on the doors "Medical check-up, line up maggots!" snapping a glove on.
Bianca Bender sits up slowly....in no big hurry...she's been here long enough.....what's a few more minutes.....looks through the bars and shows a glimmer of recognition.
Christopher Vestel snaps his fingers at her "To the bars prisoner, if you want to be released in good health"
Bianca Bender raises an eyebrow and goes to stand....momentarily forgetting about her leg...and ends up half falling to her left side as the GSW on the back of her thigh causes her leg to give out.
Bianca Bender cringes but stands....leaning against the end of the bunk beds for support and takes a stuttering step almost falling against the bars in front of the solider.
Christopher Vestel looks at her "Prisoner, I am entering the cell, don't even get an idea your going to touch my piece" referring to pistol mostly
Bianca Bender curls her lip...and glares through the wire holding herself up while her leg gets some feeling back into it..
Christopher Vestel points to the ground "Sit prisoner..."
Bianca Bender growls...'"make up your fucking mind...." turns around and lets herself fall into a sit on the floor flinching and her face paling as the wound on her thigh screams in pain.
Christopher Vestel smirks, looking at her..."Best way to know how pain your in, is see you perform a simple act of movement, Bianca"
Christopher Vestel kneels down near her, removing a small supplies of gauze, medical tape, and septics, looking at her repeatedly, making sure she doesn't reach for the firearm....
Bianca Bender sneers..."Well pretty boy let me gash the back of your thigh a quarter inch deep and have you sit your handsome ass down here with me." growls low mumbling..."and I felt sorry for your damn offspring last night..."
Christopher Vestel looks to her, not liking that comment, he removes the stim injector from his belt "Do you want to go to sleep, or stay awake, cause this sedative will put your fuzzy ass out"
Bianca Bender rolls her eyes, "Pretty boy scared of some simple words...." curls her lip, "I've got a gash in the back of my thigh and a gash in my left arm as well....I think I'll just sit here and look pretty.....I want to go home."
Christopher Vestel nods, he takes some quick clot foam packets out "I don't have my big kit with me today, but I will patch the holes up until you get back to your Den.." he rips open a packet, dumping it into a gauze square.
Bianca Bender looks up and reaching for the sleeve of the crap shirt she's wearing easily tears the sleeve away revealing an angry looking gash on her L arm...smiles..."Tell me when you're ready and I'll stand up and you can get a good look at my ass....kiss it while your back there if you'd like...." bats her eyes up at him.
Christopher Vestel reaches over the neko, with the Quick clot in hand, he pushes it into the wound, about a whole inch deep into the wound, listening to her comments "I've seen your ass before, Neko"
Bianca Bender snorts but hisses in a breath when the quick clot hits the soar...she'd endure his shit long as he gets her out of here in relatively one piece....looks at him..."Oh really...do tell the moment you laid eyes on my fine piece of ass? I don't seem to remember that...you must not be worth remembering." attempts to stand from her seated position having to pull up on the grating of the cell door do to so faces the door and waits for the "order" from him.
Christopher Vestel waves for her to stand up "Turn around" he orders "The reason you couldn't remember me, was because I was on a roof, looking at your ass through my sniper scope"
Bianca Bender snorts..."So you're a pervy peeping tom? Don't they teach you how to shoot w/ that extension of your cock..." drops her pants as she says the last word....the gash on the back of her left leg has started to bleed again from sitting on the floor....the scab that was forming breaking open...she clenches her free hand around the bars as the rough cloth brushes against the wound...gritting her teeth..."Take a good look....next time will cost you." prays he hurries...she's on the edge...not sure how long she can keep up her facade.
Christopher Vestel takes a can from his pack, he puts a nozzle on it..."I was going to kill anyone of you, if you harmed my child" he injects the nozzle deep into her GSW, thinking of the killing spree he would go on if someone harmed his Jay Jay.
Bianca Bender hisses as the nozzle goes into her wound...."He's a brat....you let him run around like a damn ape...shit father..." had had no intention of harming the boy....he seemed a good kid...white knuckles both hands on the jail cell bars to keep from collapsing...fuck if she put people through half this pain when she worked on them.....bites her lip hard.
Christopher Vestel finishes, giving her ass a slap "Then you babysit him, cause he keeps sneaking out of the bunker" he packs up his medical gear. Standing up, obviously towering over Bianca.
Bianca Bender grips tighter with her right hand as the left is a little weak from the GSW and pulls the bottoms back up her head wanting to drop....but she straightens her spine a fracture more..."Maybe if his father wasn't a shit head...he'd stick around...or if his father's friends weren't a bunch of pedophiles...." turns and stares at the man if he looks close he can see the pain and the hope at having him be the one to show up finally but her body language is pure defiance..."Can I leave now that you're done lookin your fill and gettin your jollys off?"
Christopher Vestel says "A shit head huh? Hmmm, maybe I should leave you in here, when the morning crew comes in, ask Miss Kat about that"
Christopher Vestel grabs her cuffs, he lifts them up high enough for him to see the keyhole, he unlocks the, throwing them to the bed.
Bianca Bender almost collapses but locks her knees...and winces when it shoots up her thigh...taking a deep breath...not flinching back when he grabs the cuffs or back away from him when he comes close enough to unlock them but whispers softly...he may pick it up or not.."thank you."
Christopher Vestel sighs at her saying that, knowing helping her, can get him landed in this cell, again.
Christopher Vestel grabs her arm and tries to pull her out of the cell to the out processing door.
Lazarus Lowenstark walks away from the counter guffawing at some ignorant joke or another he was sharing with the guards. He struts down like he owns the place, and gets closer to Bianca's cell, "BEEEYANCA!" He shouts with a Brooklyn Drawl, "Get yer ASS up. Daddy had to Bail your ASS out and it cost me a pretty Frikkin' penny - and Guess who's ASS that's comin' out of?"
Bhanga (Canabis) is used in praying Lord Shiva. In Ayurveda it is used in formulations for aphrodisiac properties.
thalidomide
Related Information
See related thalidomide information Abbreviation Index
IndicationsListed in Dosage.
DosageAdult: PO Erythema nodosum leprosum (Type 2) 100-300 mg at bedtime, reduce gradually once a satisfactory reponse is achieved. Max: 400 mg/day. Multiple myeloma Initial: 200 mg once daily, increase slowly according to patient tolerance. Max: 800 mg/day.
AdministrationShould be taken on an empty stomach. (Take on an empty stomach at least 1 hr after a meal, w/ a full glass of water.)
ContraindicationsPregnancy and lactation.
Special PrecautionsAll females of childbearing potential must use 2 reliable forms of contraception simultaneously 4 wk before starting therapy, during and 4 wk after therapy is discontinued. Therapy to be stopped immediately if pregnancy occurs. Male: Use of barrier methods of contraception if partner is of child-bearing potential. Do not donate blood or sperm during therapy. Patient should not drive or operate machinery. Discontinue therapy if any skin rash develops. Do not resume therapy if the rash is exfoliative, purpuric, or bullous, or if Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis suspected.
Adverse Drug ReactionsSevere and irreversible peripheral neuropathy, constipation, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, drowsiness, somnolence, bradycardia, increase of viral load in HIV-infected patients, hypersensitivity reaction.
Potentially Fatal: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis and blood dyscrasias.
Drug Interactions Thalidomide enhances sedative activity of barbiturates, alcohol, chlorpromazine and reserpine. Avoid use of other drugs that have the potential to cause peripheral neuropathy. Increased risk of thromboembolic events with darbepoetin-alfa and doxorubicin.
Potentially Fatal: Increased risk of bone marrow supression with peg interferon alfa.
A graviola (Annona muricata) é uma planta originária das Antilhas, onde se encontra em estado silvestre.
Nos Andes do Peru, a folha é tradicionalmente usada como chá no tratamento de catarro excessivo. As sementes tem ação anti parasitaria, as raízes e as folhas eram utilizadas para diabetes; no Brasil, tornou-se subespontânea na Amazônia. Prefere climas úmidos e baixa altitude.
A gravioleira é uma árvore de pequeno porte (atinge de 4 a 6 metros de altura) e encontrada em quase todas as florestas tropicais, com folhas verdes brilhantes e flores amareladas, grandes e isoladas, que nascem no tronco e nos ramos. Os frutos têm forma ovalada, casca verde-pálida, são grandes, chegando a pesar entre 750 gramas a 8 quilogramas e dando o ano todo.
Contém muitas espinhas, vermelhas, envolvidas por uma polpa branca, de sabor agridoce, muito delicado e considerados por muitos que o comeram semelhante ao fruto abóbora (ou jerimum, no nordeste do Brasil). Estão a realizar-se estudos para saber se a graviola cura ou não o cancro (ou câncer, em português do Brasil).
O óleo de graviola oferece muitas propriedades na qual inclui bactericida, adstringentes, hipotensor e sedativo para citar alguns. Seus usos tradicionais são para tratar a asma, calafrios, febre, conduto, pressão alta, insônia, nervosismo, reumatismo e doenças de pele. Usá-lo em cremes, loções e bálsamos para aliviar a coceira de pele seca e para eczema e sintomas de psoríase. A semente tem alto valor de magnésio e potássio em relação a polpa da fruta.
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Soursop fruit (Annona muricata) is a plant native to the Antilles, where it is found in the wild.
In the Peruvian Andes, leaf is traditionally used as a tea in the treatment of excessive phlegm. The seeds have antiparasitic action, roots and leaves were used for diabetes; in Brazil, became subspontaneous in the Amazon. Prefers humid climates and low altitude.
The soursop is a small tree (reaches 4 to 6 meters high) and found in almost all tropical forests, with bright green leaves and yellowish flowers, large and isolated, that are born in the trunk and in the branches. The fruits are oval shaped, pale green bark, are large, reaching between 750 grams to 8 kilograms and giving the whole year.
It contains many red spines, surrounded by a white pulp, bittersweet in taste, very delicate and considered by many who ate it similar to the pumpkin fruit (or jerimum, in northeastern Brazil). Studies are being carried out to determine whether or not graviola cures cancer (or cancer, in Brazilian Portuguese).
Graviola oil offers many properties in which it includes bactericidal, astringent, hypotensive and sedative to name a few. Its traditional uses are to treat asthma, chills, fever, flue, high blood pressure, insomnia, nervousness, rheumatism and skin diseases. Use it on creams, lotions and balms to relieve itchy dry skin and for eczema and psoriasis symptoms. The seed has a high value of magnesium and potassium in relation to fruit pulp.
A poppy is a flowering plant in the subfamily Papaveroideae of the family Papaveraceae. Poppies are herbaceous plants, often grown for their colourful flowers. One species of poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the source of the narcotic drug opium which contains powerful medicinal alkaloids such as morphine and has been used since ancient times as an analgesic and narcotic medicinal and recreational drug. It also produces edible seeds. Following the trench warfare in the poppy fields of Flanders, Belgium during World War I, poppies have become a symbol of remembrance of soldiers who have died during wartime.
DESCRIPTION
Poppies are herbaceous annual, biennial or short-lived perennial plants. Some species are monocarpic, dying after flowering. Poppies can be over a metre tall with flowers up to 15 centimetres across. Flowers of species (not cultivars) have 4 to 6 petals, many stamens forming a conspicuous whorl in the center of the flower and an ovary of from 2 to many fused carpels. The petals are showy, may be of almost any color and some have markings. The petals are crumpled in the bud and as blooming finishes, the petals often lie flat before falling away. In the temperate zones, poppies bloom from spring into early summer. Most species secrete latex when injured. Bees use poppies as a pollen source. The pollen of the oriental poppy, Papaver orientale, is dark blue, that of the field or corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) is grey to dark green. The opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, grows wild in eastern and southern Asia, and South Eastern Europe. It is believed that it originated in the Mediterranean region.
Poppies belong to the subfamily Papaveroideae of the family Papaveraceae, which includes the following genera:
Papaver – Papaver rhoeas, Papaver somniferum, Papaver orientale, Papaver nudicaule, Papaver cambricum
Eschscholzia – Eschscholzia californica
Meconopsis – Meconopsis napaulensis
Glaucium - the horned poppies including Glaucium flavum and Glaucium corniculatum
Stylophorum – celandine poppy
Argemone – prickly poppy
Romneya – matilija poppy and relatives
Canbya – pygmy poppy
Stylomecon – wind poppy
Arctomecon – desert bearpaw poppy
Hunnemannia – tulip poppy
Dendromecon – tree poppy
USES
The flowers of most poppy species are attractive and are widely cultivated as annual or perennial ornamental plants. This has resulted in a number of commercially important cultivars, such as the Shirley poppy, a cultivar of Papaver rhoeas and semi-double or double (flore plena) forms of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum and oriental poppy (Papaver orientale). Poppies of several other genera are also cultivated in gardens. A few species have other uses, principally as sources of drugs and foods. The opium poppy is widely cultivated and its worldwide production is monitored by international agencies. It is used for production of dried latex and opium, the principal precursor of narcotic and analgesic opiates such as morphine, heroin and codeine. Poppy seeds are rich in oil, carbohydrates, calcium and protein. Poppy oil is often used as cooking oil, salad dressing oil, or in products such as margarine. Poppy oil can also be added to spices for cakes, or breads. Poppy products are also used in different paints, varnishes, and some cosmetics.
MEDICINE
Ancient Egyptian doctors would have their patients eat seeds from a poppy to relieve pain. Poppy seeds contain small quantities of both morphine and codeine, which are pain-relieving drugs that are still used today. Poppy seeds and fixed oils can also be nonnarcotic because when they are harvested about twenty days after the flower has opened, the morphine is no longer present.
ADVERTISING
In Mexico, Grupo Modelo, the makers of Corona beer, used red poppy flowers in most of its advertising images until the 1960s.
Artificial poppies (called "Buddy Poppies") are used in the veterans' aid campaign by the Veterans of Foreign Wars, which provides money to the veterans who assemble the poppies and various aid programs to veterans and their families.
CURRENCY
A poppy flower is depicted on the reverse of the Macedonian 500-denar banknote, issued in 1996 and 2003. The poppy is also part of the coat of arms of North Macedonia.
Canada issued special quarters (25-cent coins) with a red poppy on the reverse in 2004, 2008 and 2010. The 2004 Canadian "poppy" quarter was the world's first coloured circulation coin.
NAMES
The girl's given name "Poppy" is taken from the name of the flower.
SYMBOLISM
Poppies have long been used as a symbol of sleep, peace, and death: Sleep because the opium extracted from them is a sedative, and death because of the common blood-red color of the red poppy in particular. In Greek and Roman myths, poppies were used as offerings to the dead. Poppies used as emblems on tombstones symbolize eternal sleep. This symbolism was evoked in the children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, in which a magical poppy field threatened to make the protagonists sleep forever. A second interpretation of poppies in Classical mythology is that the bright scarlet color signifies a promise of resurrection after death.
The poppy of wartime remembrance is Papaver rhoeas, the red-flowered corn poppy. This poppy is a common plant of disturbed ground in Europe and is found in many locations, including Flanders, which is the setting of the famous poem "In Flanders Fields" by the Canadian surgeon and soldier John McCrae. In Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand, artificial poppies (plastic in Canada, paper in the UK, Australia, South Africa, Malta and New Zealand) are worn to commemorate those who died in war. This form of commemoration is associated with Remembrance Day, which falls on November 11. In Canada, Australia and the UK, poppies are often worn from the beginning of November through to the 11th, or Remembrance Sunday if that falls on a later date. In New Zealand and Australia, soldiers are also commemorated on ANZAC day (April 25), although the poppy is still commonly worn around Remembrance Day. Wearing of poppies has been a custom since 1924 in the United States. Miss Moina Michael of Georgia is credited as the founder of the Memorial Poppy in the United States.
Red-flowered poppy is unofficially considered the national flower of the Albanians in Albania, Kosovo and elsewhere. This is due to its red and black colors, the same as the colors of the flag of Albania.
The California poppy, Eschscholzia californica, is the state flower of California.
The powerful symbolism of Papaver rhoeas has been borrowed by various advocacy campaigns, such as the White Poppy and Simon Topping's black poppy.
HISTORY AND INFLUENCE
Papaver somniferum was domesticated by the indigenous people of Western and Central Europe between 6000 and 3500 BC. However, it is believed that its origins may come from the Sumerian people, where the first use of opium was recognized. Poppies and opium made their way around the world along the silk road. Juglets resembling poppy seed pods have been discovered with trace amounts of opium and the flower appeared in jewelry and on art pieces in Egypt, dated 1550-1292 BC.
The eradication of poppy cultivation came about in the early 1900s through international conferences due to safety concerns associated with the production of opium. In the 1970s the American war on drugs targeted Turkish production of the plant, leading to a more negative popular opinion of the U.S.
WIKIPEDIA
The five story apartment at 63 Bank Street made its mark into infamy on the evening of February 1, 1979. That evening a small celebration was being held for the return of 21-year-old John Simon Ritchie who had just been released on bail following a concert altercation two months prior and having been charged with the murder of his girlfriend Nancy Spungen just two months prior to that. Later that evening while enjoying a welcome-home gift of some heroin provided by his dear loving mother, young John went to sleep at 3am next to his new girlfriend Michele Robinson. A slumber from which John, better known to millions as Sid Vicious (bassist for the punk rock group the Sex Pistols), would never awake after having had overdosed on heroin.
John Ritchie had been born in South East London in 1957. He was given the nickname of Sid Vicious by former band mate John Lydon (aka Johnny Rotten, lead singer for the Sex Pistols). After Ritchie was bitten by Lydon’s pet hamster, Sid, Lydon proclaimed that, “Sid is really vicious!” The two friends went on to form one of the most influential punk rock bands of all-time, the Sex Pistols. A band, mind you, which only lasted two and a half years and only ever released one full length studio album—Never Mind the Bollocks, Here’s the SexPistols.
The band broke up in January 1978 and in the ensuing months Vicious helped record some material for a film titled The Great Rock ‘n’ Roll Swindle. On the morning of October 12 of that same year, Vicious’ life took a turn for the worst when he awoke to find his girlfriend Nancy Spungen dead in the bathroom with a single stab wound to her stomach via a hunting knife owned by Vicious himself. With no recollection of the events of the night prior Vicious was a prime suspect himself. When he called the police upon discovery of Spungen’s body he even confessed, “I did it because I’m a dirty dog.” Vicious later retracted this statement claiming he actually had no memory of prior evening. Drug tests at the time of his arrest later confirmed that Vicious would have been incapable of the attack due to the excessive amount of sedatives within his body.
Whether Vicious performed the act or not, he never forgave himself for whatever transpired that evening. On February 1, 1979 Sid took his own life. A few days after his death, his mother found a suicide note in the pocket of his leather jacket stating that he and Nancy had a death pact and he asked to be burying next to her. In 2006 Vicious and his former band mates in the Sex Pistols were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, an event which the surviving members refused to attend calling the museum, “a piss stain.”
For more history regarding this site, including how you can visit this locale via one of our MP3 audio walking tours, check out our site here: iwalkedaudiotours.com/2012/06/iwalked-new-york-city%E2%80...
Solanum nigrum L.
Famiglia solanaceae
Nomi comuni: Erba mora, Erba Morella, Pomidorella, Ballerina.
Un’altra solanacea delle circa 2000 specie presenti, di cui una decina delle quali sono spontanee in Italia. Famiglia di cui fanno parte la melanzana, la patata, l peperone e il pomodoro.
Vegeta in tutto il mondo e in particolare nelle vicinanze delle zone frequentate dall’uomo (Sinantropica).
E’ una pianta tossica anche se, in uno studio risalente al 1927, il botanico svizzero Gustav Hegi, in un suo importante studio, sostiene che in alcuni casi, le bacche siano risultate commestibili, ossie prive delle varie sostanze nocive, come la Solanina.
Curiosità: Il nome generico sembra derivi dal latino “sollievo” in riferimento alle sue proprietà sedative e narcotiche, il nome comune dal colore delle numerose bacche di colore nere.
Nel Medio-Evo era inserita in una sorta di elenco di piante definito il “Catalogo della levatrice”; in oltre, durante gli interventi chirurgici, il suo succo veniva usato per anestetizzare il paziente.
Solanum nigrum L.
family solanaceae
Common names: blackberry Grass , Grass Morella, Pomidorella , Ballerina.
Another solanacea of about 2000 species , of which a dozen of which are spontaneous in Italy. Family which includes eggplant , potato, pepper and the tomato.
Vegeta all over the world and in particular in the vicinity of areas frequented by humans ( synanthropic ) .
It ' a toxic plant even if , in a study dating back to 1927, the Swiss botanist Gustav Hegi , in his important study , says that in some cases, edible berries have been found , ie lacking the various harmful substances , such as Solanine .
Curiosity : The generic name seems to derive from the Latin "relief" in reference to its sedative and narcotic , the common name for the color of many berries of black color .
In the Middle Ages it was inserted in a sort of list of plants called the "Catalog of the midwife", in addition , during surgery , its juice was used to anesthetize the patient.
Solanum nigrum L.
Familia Solanaceae
Nombres comunes: blackberry Grass , Grass Morella, Pomidorella , bailarina .
Otra solanacea de aproximadamente 2.000 especies , de las cuales una docena de los cuales son espontáneas en Italia. Familia que incluye berenjena, patata, pimiento y tomate.
Vegeta en todo el mundo y en particular en las inmediaciones de las zonas frecuentadas por los seres humanos ( sinantropica ) .
Es una planta tóxica , incluso si , en un estudio que data de 1927, el botánico suizo Gustav Hegi , en su importante estudio , dice que, en algunos casos , se han encontrado bayas comestibles , es decir, que carecen de las diversas sustancias nocivas, como la solanina .
Curiosidad : El nombre genérico parece derivar del latiìn "alivio" en referencia a sus efectos sedantes y narcóticos , el nombre común para el color de muchas bayas de color negro .
En la Edad Media se inserta en una especie de lista de plantas llamados el "Catálogo de la partera" , además , durante la cirugía, se utilizaba el jugo para anestesiar al paciente.
In the Russian-Ukrainian war from February to the present, the stage of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The invasion was the largest war in Europe since World War II.
World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War - World War III, Nuclear War, Space War (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 revised version, multilingual comparison global network version)
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World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War - World War III, Nuclear War, Space War (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 revised version, multilingual comparison of the global network version) once the edition came out, immediately got the praise of readers and netizens around the world. In order to meet the needs of hundreds of millions of people, the author has revised and republished it for the benefit of readers and netizens.
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Fang Ruida, leader international mondial, parle de la paix mondiale et de la guerre - Troisième Guerre mondiale, guerre nucléaire, guerre spatiale (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 version révisée, comparaison multilingue de la version du réseau mondial) une fois l’édition sortie, a immédiatement reçu les éloges des lecteurs et des internautes du monde entier. Afin de répondre aux besoins de centaines de millions de personnes, l’auteur l’a révisé et republié au profit des lecteurs et des internautes.
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World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War--The Third World War, Nuclear War, Space War
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21-22
In the 20th century, science and technology have been highly developed, social productivity has advanced by leaps and bounds, and the modern civilization and free rational cognitive perception of human society have gradually developed and changed. Human society has opened up a new planetary civilization, which is an inevitable trend of history. Of course, today's human society also It presents various crises and challenges, clashes of civilizations, geopolitics, territorial disputes, spheres of influence, fetishism, political and economic systems, economic models, etc. as well as climate change, resource environment, population growth, wealth gap, plague Viruses, natural disasters, religious beliefs, racial discrimination, vicious competition, even armed war or nuclear war, etc. Countries such as the United States, China, Russia, Europe, India and Pakistan are among them. Without contradiction and competition, there would be no world, and similarly, without peace and compromise There will be no world if you share wealth with each other. Take one step or two steps back, and the sky will be vast. Nuclear weapons are very powerful and worth mentioning. However, the competition between countries and ethnic groups, in the final analysis, mainly lies in economic and political civilization, and of course also includes land, population, resources, etc. Culture, technology, military, influence, sphere of influence, etc. War is just an important unconventional form, just like animal fighting and killing. However, whether animal groups fight inside or outside, there is also considerable compromise and sharing. Otherwise, Animal species groups will also completely disappear or perish. The same is true for the evolutionary history of human society. There is no doubt about it. Whether you are a politician, a military strategist, or a philosopher, a thinker or a sociologist, Anthropologists, no exception.
After World War II, the world formed a Cold War situation: the two major military organizations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact Organization (Warsaw Pact), began to expand their arms and prepare for war. The United States and the Soviet Union launched an arms race and had nuclear weapons reserves. Vulnerable states will rely on the military protection of great powers as a way to maintain their own security.
The phrase World War III began to appear in communiqués between leaders of various countries. With a large number of high-tech applications in the military field, especially the extensive development and proliferation of nuclear weapons, people have provided a great space for the imagination of the third world war: some people think that the third world war will be a scale that spreads all over the world. The world's nuclear war, this war will become the greatest catastrophe in the history of human civilization. The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 was once considered the closest crisis in human history to World War III: a confrontation between two powers with unprecedented nuclear power that lasted for decades in the Caribbean Sea. Although the incident was resolved smoothly, full-scale nuclear war has since become a nickname for World War III.
With the development of the world, more and more people believe that the third world war will become a historical term that will never appear, or a war that will not happen in a visible period of time, all because of the balance of power between the United States and the Soviet Union. And implement a policy of mutually assured destruction so that war does not break out.
The Third World War is an imaginary large-scale war in the next world. During the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, if a war broke out between the two sides, its seriousness could be called the Third World War, but fortunately, both sides tried their best to War was avoided, and neither side broke out until the end of the Cold War. So far, the three wars have only been speculated and imagined, and they have not broken out, but once they break out, they will seriously affect everyone on the earth. After the great ordeal of the Cold War, the Soviet Union yearned for peace and opposed war.
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With a large number of high-tech applications in the military field, especially the extensive development and proliferation of nuclear weapons, people have provided great space for the imagination of the third world war - some people believe that the third world war will be a large-scale The nuclear war in the world will become the greatest catastrophe in the history of human civilization. Among them, the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 was once considered to be the crisis closest to the Third World War in human history - the confrontation between two great powers with unprecedented nuclear forces in the Caribbean Sea lasted for dozens of days, bringing the possibility of war to the ground. Raised to unprecedented heights.
From different perspectives, there are many reasons for the outbreak of the Third World War, and the government and the people have different views, such as the war launched by the former Soviet Union against the West, the rise of China, and the war in the Middle East.
There are many different reasons for the outbreak of wars, and the camps are also different. It is believed that some countries will use the atomic bomb, and the war may extend into space. The war broke out because, for example, the United States suppressed a rising China. Military conflict between India, Vietnam, the Philippines and China, Israel and Middle East countries, Middle East or Iran and European and American countries, North Korea nuclear attack on South Korea or Japan, China and South Korea discord, military conflict broke out, the United States returned to the Asia-Pacific region affected by Asia State conflict, etc. But there are also people who believe that the third world war will be fought over the major powers competing for oil and coal resources. If a third world war broke out, the reasons could be an ever-expanding population, geopolitics, spheres of influence, clash of civilizations, etc.
Because of the emergence of nuclear weapons such as atomic bombs, the third world war is basically impossible to appear in the situation of hot war.
There is a global nuclear war on the earth, and the world has launched atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs with a nuclear yield of more than 20 billion tons of TNT. Complete
Geography, climate and environment: Due to the radioactive pollution caused by nuclear explosions, most animals are sacrificed, and only creatures on the seabed and low-level life are likely to survive, various chemical reactions pollute the atmosphere, sunlight is hindered, the temperature of the earth is lowered, and the equator has dropped to freezing point Below, human architecture will disappear in the next few hundred years.
Impact on people and species: most people have become extinct, some animals on the ground have become extinct, and some animals and plants have mutated
The man who almost became the emperor of all Europe, he made all Europe tremble.
Guderian (Germany) the father of the tank.
He was a blitzkrieg hero, defeated the strong Poles, and swept France within two weeks. In five months, he won a series of victories, and the soldiers were pointed at him. up to two million people.
Julius Caesar (Ancient Rome) Symbol of ancient Rome.
He fought in Gaul, and he competed with Pompey for the hegemony. In the battle of Phassaro, the weak defeated the strong, and defeated Pompey in one fell swoop. After that, no one could match the enemy. Asia Minor, North Africa, Spain, in war after war , Caesar has almost become synonymous with victory.
Khalid (Arabian) Sword of Allah.
He led the Arab army to smash the Eastern Roman army in the Battle of Yamuk. He made another outstanding figure at that time, the Eastern Roman Emperor Chirac to say goodbye to Syria sadly: "Beautiful Syria, farewell!"
Suvorov (Russia) the first player in Russian history.
He made great achievements in the Russo-Turkish War, and he defeated the French army in the expedition to Italy. He was the only commander in Napoleon's era who could rival Napoleon. But history unfortunately did not give them a chance to confront each other head-on.
Hannibal (Carthage) Lone Hero.
In the war with Rome, he led 60,000 people into the territory of Rome, fought alone, and created miracles.
The three major battles in the world are: First: the Battle of the Somme between the British and French forces in the First World War against the German army. It lasted half a year. The two sides invested more than 1.5 million troops, and the number of casualties reached an astonishing 1.3 million. The battle was fought by the British and French forces. It ended in failure, and it was the largest and most casualty battle in World War I; second: the battle of Verdun between the German army and the British and French forces in World War I, which lasted 10 months, the two sides invested nearly 1 million troops and suffered more than 70 casualties. 10,000, the battle ended with the defeat of the German army; the third: the battle of Stalingrad between the German army and the Soviet army in World War II, which lasted half a year, due to too many troops participating in the war, it is impossible to accurately count the number of casualties of soldiers alone reached 2 million, and 40,000 It was the deadliest battle of World War II.
"The Art of War"
"Sun Tzu's Art of War" is the most famous military book in ancient China and the earliest extant "Sacred Book of Military Studies" in the world. The author Sun Wu, also known as Sun Tzu or Sun Wuzi, courtesy name Changqing, was a native of Le'an (now Huimin County, Shandong) in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Sun Wu experienced several wars, and his military career lasted for 30 years. "Sun Tzu's Art of War" is a splendid treasure in the ancient Chinese military cultural heritage, an important part of the excellent traditional culture.
"Theory of War"
"On War" is known as the classic work of modern Western military theory, the author is Karl von Clausewitz. "Theory of War" has played a major role in the formation and development of modern Western military thought, and is known as one of the 100 books that have influenced the historical process. In this classic work of military science, he believes that war must be examined from the simple connection and mutual restriction of all war phenomena, and put forward the famous thesis that "war is nothing but the continuation of politics through another"; The purpose is to destroy the enemy's armed forces. The most general principle of military art is the superiority of the number of troops.
"Grand Strategy"
The full name of "Grand Strategy" is "Grand Strategy: Principles and Practice", the author John Collins (John Co11ins) is a famous American strategic theorist. book. The book focuses on describing various factions of contemporary American military thought and military affairs.
"The Influence of Sea Power on History"
"The Influence of Sea Power on History" is the first part of Mahan's "Sea Power Theory Trilogy", and it is also the first successful work of Mahan's theory of sea power. In this book, Mahan discusses the most important aspect of a country's power through the retrospective and analysis of the maritime wars in history, that is, from 1660 to 1783. Mahan's Sea Power Theory.
"Strategy"
"Strategy" by Reed Hart. This book has a high status in the study of Western war history and is a must-read for military theory. Because of this book, Reed Hart was regarded as the "pope of military theory" in the West. The author makes a detailed analysis using rich historical materials. "Strategy Theory" has high historical value. Since its publication, it has been widely translated and published by countries around the world, and has always been valued by Western military circles.
"Air Dominance"
"Air Dominance" was also translated into "Theory of Air Dominance" and "Theory of Air Force Strategy", which proposed the idea of air dominance. Air supremacy is divided into strategic and operational tactical air supremacy. Mastery of the air can have a major impact on the outcome of a war.
"The Science of Winning"
"The Science of Winning" was written by Marshal Suvorov of the Russian Empire. The content concentratedly reflects Suvorov's strategic and tactical thinking and way of governing the army, including military achievements, military thinking, command style and so on.
"Military Strategy"
In the early 1960s, the Soviet Union published the book "Military Strategy". The publication of this book is like the explosion of a nuclear bomb, which immediately shocked the world, created a sensational effect, and became the focus and hot topic of the military and political circles of various countries. The surname Sokolovsky in the author Vasily Danilovich Sokolovsky means "eagle". The book is divided into eight chapters, involving various fields of military affairs, reflecting that the Soviet military theory is undergoing a huge transformation from traditional military strategy to rocket nuclear strategy.
Introduction to the Art of War
"An Introduction to the Art of War" by A. H. Jomini. This book is divided into seven chapters and forty-seven sections.
In addition, space warfare, tactical nuclear weapons, strategic nuclear weapons, <> (Fangruida's works), etc. There are also many other works that are well-known all over the world. Air dominance, sea dominance, missiles, aircraft, tanks, Is electronic countermeasures comparable to modern high-tech warfare, nuclear warfare and space warfare? The answer is no. Will there be crooks and lunatics in the world? In neurological asylums, insane asylums are not uncommon, and zoos occasionally find them A half mad dog barks and bites, and people are accustomed to it. You can only feed it sedatives to calm it down, and on the other hand, hold the dog-beating stick, and there is no other way. Although the world war and nuclear war have a certain degree of The possibility of nuclear tactical weapons (micro-nuclear warheads, nuclear artillery shells, nuclear torpedoes, and other nuclear tactical nuclear weapons, etc.) may occur on one side. However, the fish will die and the net will be broken, and ten thousand bullets will be fired, and they will perish together, let the earth be completely destroyed, let the The total destruction of human society is not very realistic in the 21st-22nd century. If the earth does not exist, then everything becomes meaningless. Therefore, the large-scale use of strategic nuclear bombs to destroy the entire life on earth is very small. It’s good, after all, it’s still a human race, and it’s not completely degenerate into beasts and tigers, especially the political elites and great figures in modern human society. Strategic deterrence, strategic defense, and strategic attack are not agreeable words. Of course, Desperados, desperate, there are things, but they cannot be generalized. Are there really madmen and sages and gods in the world, hundreds of trillions of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs are launched, the earth, the moon, Mars, Jupiter, the sun, the Milky Way, black holes, The Milky Way, ...... is fleeting, isn't this the myth of the Big Bang that created the universe? This is probably only known to God and Zeus.
A soldier who does not want to be a general is not a good soldier---Napoleon (France)
A soldier's best destination is to be killed by the last bullet in the last battle - Patton (United States)
Only those who are not afraid of death deserve to live - MacArthur (United States) If I know that there is a minefield on the way forward, I will let the troops go directly to it-----Zhukov (Soviet Union)
Whoever fires first and can make the most intense concentrated fire will win - Rommel (Germany)
"The conflict of World War II across the theater was the 20th century with unprecedented casualties and devastation. An estimated 80 million to 120 million people died in the war.
Affected countries First World War Second World War
Deaths 20 million 72-100 million
Injured 20 million 35 million
Conscription 70 million 110 million
Battlefield size 4 million square kilometers 22 million square kilometers
World wars profoundly affected the course of world history, the old European empires were destroyed or divided or severely damaged, the direct cause was the staggering cost of the war, or in some cases defeat by the great powers, the war weakened or even cut off the main colonial powers and colonies. The connection made the colonies operate in a semi-autonomous state. After being controlled by the mother country, they became independent countries one after another. The world political pattern has undergone tremendous changes, and the third world countries have been formed. Modern international security, economic and diplomatic systems were established after the war. Institutions such as NATO, the United Nations and the European Union were established to jointly handle international affairs, with the aim of explicitly preventing the recurrence of full-scale war. War also dramatically changed everyday life. Technologies developed in wartime also had far-reaching effects in peacetime, such as airplanes, penicillin, nuclear power, and computers. "(quoted from Wiki)
All kinds of battles and conflicts, sometimes hostile parties compromise with each other, and resolve various disputes through peaceful negotiation; Of course, from the perspective of the development and changes of the entire human society, the trend of peaceful development is always the mainstream, and the state of war is not the mainstream norm after all. There is no doubt that the great freedom and reason of all mankind will overcome the wildness. Otherwise, human society will collapse. It will be completely destroyed. Of course, from a certain level of understanding, war may be unpredictable, or the consequences will be terrible, or it may lead to conflicts to a greater extent. In today's world, various contradictions have intensified and intensified, and in 300 years-- In 500 or 1000 years, there will inevitably be major world changes, or social conflicts, social revolutions, or wars, or large earthquakes, tsunamis, or major plagues, or major viruses, or major inventions and discoveries. , (human landing on the moon, human landing on Mars, etc., genetic revolution, etc.), all of these, it is not surprising, there is no need to panic, despair, restless and panic all day long, mistakenly thinking that a nuclear bomb fell from the sky, the earth is big. Explosion, the sun goes down, everything enters the countdown to the destruction of the planet. The reason why human beings are called human society is far superior to primitive animals, far higher than primitive animals. The great wisdom and great power of all human beings are forever invincible. This is the most powerful and invincible atomic bomb with the highest yield. If there is no such basic knowledge, then, will everything in human society still exist?
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World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War--The Third World War, Nuclear War, Space War , a great scientist, philosopher, thinker, sociologist, anthropologist, cosmologist, military engineer, nuclear energy expert, and world-renowned. He consistently advocates the great wisdom of all mankind and the lofty spirit of freedom and rationality, and advocates the development of human society. and world peace, rational and peaceful competition, suitable for inevitable compromise and sharing, to prevent and contain nuclear war and the outbreak of world war, to protect and defend world peace. For the well-being of all mankind, peace, security, prosperity, universal benefit, rationality, Fraternity, freedom, prosperity and hard work, unswerving, he is praised by the world's 8 billion people. Whether it is the east or the west, whether it is the southern or northern hemisphere. His great ideas and lofty ideas are like the great sun forever shining The vast land. This is the core content of this article. (Bick November 2021, revised in 2022)
Fang Ruida, leader international mondial, parle de la paix mondiale et de la guerre - Troisième Guerre mondiale, guerre nucléaire, guerre spatiale (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 version révisée, comparaison multilingue version du réseau mondial)
Leader mondial Leader international Fang Ruida sur la paix et la guerre mondiales - la troisième guerre mondiale, la guerre nucléaire, la guerre spatiale
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In the 1950s, the drug thalidomide, administered as a sedative to pregnant women, led to the birth of thousands of children with multiple defects. Despite the teratogenicity of thalidomide and its derivatives lenalidomide and pomalidomide, these immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) recently emerged as effective treatments for multiple myeloma and 5q-deletion-associated dysplasia. IMiDs target the E3 ubiquitin ligase CUL4–RBX1–DDB1–CRBN (known as CRL4CRBN) and promote the ubiquitination of the IKAROS family transcription factors IKZF1 and IKZF3 by CRL4CRBN. Here we present crystal structures of the DDB1–CRBN complex bound to thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide. The structure establishes that CRBN is a substrate receptor within CRL4CRBN and enantioselectively binds IMiDs. Using an unbiased screen, we identified the homeobox transcription factor MEIS2 as an endogenous substrate of CRL4CRBN. Our studies suggest that IMiDs block endogenous substrates (MEIS2) from binding to CRL4CRBN while the ligase complex is recruiting IKZF1 or IKZF3 for degradation. This dual activity implies that small molecules can modulate an E3 ubiquitin ligase and thereby upregulate or downregulate the ubiquitination of proteins.
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scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2010/03/12/how-thalidomide-cau...
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www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/podcast/CIIEcompounds/transcri...
UK
1957 - Thalidomide is licensed in Germany
1957 - Germany main release of the drug (test marketing started at least a year earlier)
1958 - Thalidomide is licensed in the UK to Distillers
1958 - UK distribution begins through the NHS
1960 - Drug companies attempted to release Thalidomide in the USA but held back by Dr Frances Kelsey of the FDA until evidence of its safety was proven
1961 - Drug withdrawal announced in Germany, UK withdrawal commenced within a week, newborns still affected till 1965
1962 - A Belgian woman was found not guilty of murdering her thalidomide baby
1962 - First (and final) public announcement in UK that drug was not to be used
1964 - It's discovered that the drug had a radical effect on some of the painful symptoms of leprosy
1973 - The Thalidomide Trust is established
1978 - The first German pharmaceutical law was passed in 1978, tests for teratogenicity became a legal requirement for drug approval.
1980s - Scientists once again became interested in the drug's complex properties and researchers began to explore its use in the treatment of a number of diseases, including cancer
1986 - Guinness bought Distillers
Late 1990's - It becomes apparent that many of the thalidomide surviors were encountering health problems including accelerated wear of joints and limbs, which were causing pain and further disability. By the age of 40, a number have had to have hip replacements and even shoulder replacements
1995 - Guinness agrees to contribute financially to the Thalidomide Trust
1997 - Dr. Bart Barlogie’s reported thalidomide’s initial effectiveness against Multiple Myeloma and it was later approved in the United States by the FDA for use in this malignancy
1998 - Guinness merges with Grand Metropolitan and forms Diageo
2004 - the government agrees to grant tax exemption to thalidomide beneficiaries of the Thalidomide Trust
2005 - Diageo makes an agreement with the Thalidomide Trust to increase funds
2009 - The UK Government admits it will contribute three years of limited funding to the Thalidomide Trust to assist with health needs
2010 - The UK Government acknowledges the pain and suffering caused by all those affected by thalidomide.
German
1954 - Grünenthal Thalidomid Patente
1957 - Unter Thalidomid in Deutschland zugelassen
1957 - Deutschland Haupt Freisetzung des Wirkstoffs (Test -Marketing gestartet Mindestens ein Jahr zuvor )
1958 - Unter Thalidomid in Großbritannien lizenziert Distillers
1958 - Durch die NHS UK Verteilung beginnt
1960 - Thalidomid Drug Handelsunternehmen versucht, in den USA frei zweite von Dr. Frances Kelsey von der FDA zurückgehalten , bis tystio of-its Sicherheit nachgewiesen
1961 - Drogenentzug in Deutschland angekündigt , begann UK Rückzug Innerhalb einer Woche , Neugeborene noch bis 1965 betroffen
1962 - Eine belgische Frau wurde festgestellt, nicht schuldig des Mordes Herausforderung Thalidomid Baby
1962 - Erste (und letzte ) cyhoedd Ankündigung in Großbritannien Das Medikament war nicht, was zu Gebraucht
1964 - Es ist entdeckt fod y Medikament hatte eine radikale Wirkung auf einige der schmerzhaften Symptome der Lepra
1973 - Der Contergan- TreuunterGegründet
1978 - Die erste deutsche Pharma Hand wurde im Jahre 1978 bestanden , Tests für TERATOGENITÄT wurde eine gesetzliche Verpflichtung für Drogen cymeradwyaeth .
1980er Jahre - Wissenschaftler unwaith wurde wieder interessieren sich komplexe Eigenschaften und Forscher des Medikaments zu erforschen begann er stellt defnyddio im filfeddygol einer rhif von Krankheiten , Krebs gynnwys
1986 - Guinness gekauft Distillers
Ende der 1990er Jahre - Es wird deutlich, dass viele der Thalidomid surviors wir , die das Gesundheitswesen problemau gynnwys beschleunigten Verschleiß der Gelenke und Gliedmaßen , die weiter sind wir was zu Schmerzen und Behinderung. Bis zum Alter von 40 , und musste oes oes rhif Hüftprothesen und sogar Schulterendoprothetik
1995 - Guinness stimmt , sich finanziell an der Thalidomid Vertrauen cyfrannu
1997 - Dr. Bart Barlogie die durch Thalidomid cychwynnol Medizinische Wirksamkeit gegen Multiple Myeloma Sample Image berichtet und es wurde in den USA von der FDA für defnyddio in dieser Bösartigkeit genehmigt
1998 - Guinness verschmilzt mit Grand Metropolitan und Diageo Formen
2004 - Die Regierung stimmt zu Steuerbefreiung für Thalidomid der Begünstigten der Thalidomid Vertrauen gewähren
2005 - Diageo macht eine Vereinbarung mit dem Thalidomid Trust Fonds erhöhen
2009 - Die britische Regierung räumt ein, drei Jahre der begrenzten Mittel EI cyfrannu auf die Thalidomid Trust mit Gesundheit Bedürfnissen zu unterstützen
2010 - Die britische Regierung räumt ein, die Schmerzen und Leiden von Thalidomid verursacht werden, können , die mit dem betroffenen
Spanish
Historia
La talidomida fue creado por Grünenthal en 1953 y fue utilizado a finales de 1950 y principios de 1960 como una "droga milagrosa" para el tratamiento de las náuseas, dolores de cabeza, tos, insomnio y resfriados. La talidomida fue comercializada en el Reino Unido bajo el nombre Distaval en 1958, y destacó los anuncios de seguridad completa del medicamento, utilizando frases como "no tóxico" y "no hay toxicidad conocida".
Sin embargo, en 1961 un médico australiano, William McBride, escribió a la revista The Lancet después de notar un aumento en los bebés que nacen deformes en su hospital - todo a las madres que habían tomado Talidomida.
Entre 1958 y 1962, decenas de miles de mujeres de toda Europa descubrieron que el bebé que llevaban inexplicablemente abortado, o, peor aún, después de dar a luz se les dijo que estaba muerto. Miles de personas descubrieron que sus bebés nacieron con defectos congénitos graves, los brazos, las piernas, que faltan o con reducciones severas a estos miembros, o peor aún, el daño a sus órganos internos, cerebro, corazón, riñones, intestinos, genitales, etc Durante 1962 guardianes de los registros empezó a contar toda la vida los niños que nacieron dañado por la droga. Los únicos registros completos son de los que sobrevivieron lo suficiente como para participar en los sistemas nacionales de indemnización, que se establecieron en Alemania, Gran Bretaña, Japón, Suecia y Australia en la década de 1970. La dificultad para descubrir el número de víctimas del desastre comienza con los números desconocidos de abortos involuntarios y mortinatos (posiblemente hasta diez veces el número de nacidos vivos), y la práctica generalizada del infanticidio.
Las lesiones de la talidomida no se detuvo una vez que los bebés nacieron. A la edad de cincuenta años, los registros de la confianza talidomida muestran que cerca de la mitad de todos los sobrevivientes están lidiando con el dolor crónico - principalmente de músculos y articulaciones (dolor musculoesquelético), en gran parte como resultado de los desafíos de vivir con la falta o ramas dañadas. Para muchos, sus cuerpos se deterioran mucho más rápido que las personas sanas. Algunos han dicho palabras en el sentido de "su cuerpo está recibiendo los problemas de alguien en los setenta", que a los cuarenta o cincuenta años de edad no es una buena noticia. Al menos una cuarta están lidiando con el desarrollo de problemas neurológicos, hormigueo, entumecimiento y dolor en las extremidades afectadas. Esto significa que una persona puede ser la celebración de una taza, por ejemplo, y lo siguiente que sé es que ha caído al suelo y se rompe, debido a la sensación de adormecimiento en la mano. Para estos sobrevivientes, el desastre está siendo poco a poco se desarrolla en su día a día.
Grünenthal científicos no sólo fueron negligentes al no haber retirado la droga cuando los informes de problemas de vino, o por no probarlo de acuerdo a los estándares de la época, pero más que la mayoría de las empresas que estaban muy bien situados para prever la posibilidad de que la talidomida haría causar defectos de nacimiento.
Grünenthal inicialmente negó las acusaciones de que el medicamento no ha sido ampliamente probado de acuerdo con los estándares de la época, pero una vez que el escándalo se hizo innegable, trataron de desviar la culpa y limitar el daño.
En 1961, la talidomida fue finalmente retirada después de haber sido encontrado para ser un teratogan - una de las causas de los defectos congénitos. 12 años después, el Reino Unido, Distillers Company Limited (ahora Bioquímicos Diageo) - encargada de la distribución de la droga en el Reino Unido - llegó a un acuerdo de compensación después de una batalla legal por las familias de los afectados.
Sobre la base de evidencia incompleta médica y expectativas poco realistas de la talidomida futuro sobrevivientes necesita esta solución ha resultado ser en un nivel adecuado. Con todos los sobrevivientes de la talidomida en el Reino Unido ahora más de 50 años de edad, ya no es suficiente para hacer frente a su creciente costo de vida, y el dramático deterioro de su salud.
A día de hoy, Grünenthal nunca ha aceptado la responsabilidad por el sufrimiento causado por la talidomida. El 1 de septiembre de 2012, el Grupo Grünenthal emitió una declaración que contenga una disculpa, diciendo que "lamenta" las consecuencias de la droga, lo que llevó a los bebés que nacen sin extremidades durante los años 1950 y 1960. Aunque la declaración fue bien recibida por algunos sobrevivientes de la talidomida, no es todavía una aceptación de responsabilidad. Ellos sólo quieren vivir una vida cómoda, y eso quiere decir Grünenthal deben rendir cuentas y pagar por su error financieramente.
Italian
Storia
La talidomide è stato creato da Grünenthal nel 1953 ed è stato utilizzato alla fine del 1950 e 1960 come un "farmaco miracoloso" per curare la malattia di mattina, mal di testa, tosse, insonnia e raffreddori. La talidomide è stato commercializzato nel Regno Unito con il nome di Distaval nel 1958, e la pubblicità ha sottolineato sicurezza del farmaco, con frasi come "non tossico" e "nessuna tossicità conosciuto".
Tuttavia, nel 1961 un medico australiano, William McBride, ha scritto al Lancet dopo aver notato un aumento delle nascite di bimbi malformati essendo nati a suo ospedale - tutti da madri che avevano assunto talidomide.
Tra il 1958 e il 1962 decine di migliaia di donne in tutta Europa ha scoperto che il bambino che portavano inspiegabilmente abortito, o, peggio, dopo che ha dato alla luce hanno detto che era morto. Altre migliaia hanno scoperto che i loro bambini hanno gravi difetti di nascita, braccia, gambe, mancanti o con gravi riduzioni a queste arti, o peggio ancora, danni ai loro organi interni, cervello, cuore, reni, intestino, genitali, ecc Nel 1962 custodi record cominciò a contare tutta la vita i bambini che sono nati danneggiati dal farmaco. Le uniche registrazioni complete sono di coloro che sono sopravvissuti abbastanza a lungo per partecipare ai sistemi di indennizzo nazionali, che sono stati stabiliti in Germania, Gran Bretagna, Giappone, Svezia e Australia nel 1970. La difficoltà nello scoprire il bilancio del disastro inizia con i numeri sconosciuti di aborti spontanei e nati morti (forse fino a dieci volte il numero di nati vivi), e la pratica diffusa di infanticidio.
Le lesioni Talidomide non si è fermata una volta che i bambini sono nati. All'età di 50, del Trust talidomide i tabulati mostrano che circa la metà di tutti i sopravvissuti stanno affrontando con dolore cronico - principalmente da muscoli e le articolazioni (il dolore muscoloscheletrico), soprattutto a causa delle sfide della vita con mancanti o arti danneggiati. Per molti, i loro corpi si stanno deteriorando molto più veloce di persone abili. Molti hanno detto parole per l'effetto "il tuo corpo è sempre il problema di qualcuno nei loro anni settanta", che a 40-50 anni di età non è una buona notizia. Almeno un quarto stanno affrontando con lo sviluppo di problemi neurologici, formicolio, intorpidimento e dolore a carico degli arti colpiti. Ciò significa che una persona può essere in possesso di un tazza, per esempio, e la prossima cosa che so è che è caduto a terra e rotto, a causa del torpore in mano. Per questi sopravvissuti, il disastro è ancora lentamente svolgendo nel loro giorno per giorno la vita.
Grünenthal scienziati non erano solo negligenza nel non ritirare il farmaco quando i report di problemi è venuto in, o per non aver testarlo secondo gli standard del tempo, ma più che la maggior parte delle aziende erano molto ben disposti ad anticipare la possibilità che Thalidomide avrebbe causare difetti di nascita.
Grünenthal inizialmente smentito che il farmaco non era stato ampiamente testati secondo gli standard del tempo, ma una volta che lo scandalo è diventata innegabile, hanno cercato di deviare la colpa e di limitare i danni.
Nel 1961 talidomide è stata infine ritirata dopo essere stato trovato per essere un teratogan - una causa di difetti di nascita. 12 anni dopo, i Distillers Company Limited, Regno Unito Biochemicals (ora Diageo) - incaricata di distribuire il farmaco nel Regno Unito - ha raggiunto un accordo di compensazione a seguito di una battaglia legale da parte delle famiglie delle persone colpite.
Sulla base di prove mediche incomplete e le aspettative non realistiche del futuro Thalidomide sopravvissuti ha bisogno di questa soluzione si è rivelata essere ad un livello insufficiente. Con tutti i sopravvissuti Talidomide nel Regno Unito ora di età superiore ai 50 anni, non è più sufficiente per affrontare la loro crescente costo della vita, e il drammatico deterioramento della loro salute.
Fino ad oggi, la Grünenthal non hanno mai accettato la responsabilità per la sofferenza causata dal talidomide. Il 1 ° settembre 2012, il Gruppo Grünenthal ha rilasciato una dichiarazione che contiene delle scuse, affermando che esso "deplora" le conseguenze della droga, che ha portato a bambini nati senza arti nel corso del 1950 e 1960. Anche se la dichiarazione è stata accolta da alcuni sopravvissuti talidomide, non è ancora una assunzione di responsabilità. Vogliono solo vivere una vita comoda, e questo significa che Grünenthal dovrebbero essere ritenuti responsabili e pagare per il loro errore finanziario.
More History
www.flickr.com/photos/duckwalk/sets/72157615944260359/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalidomide
I've never had a li'l brother. Nashu and Aanu both are like my own brothers. Im especially very attached to Nashu since he's younger among them. The cute little one burnt his hand yesterday :( And only God knows the pain he's enduring right now. We have to keep him under sedatives since he can't go through the agony... :( May Allah bless him and speed his recovery.
Highdown Gardens near Worthing, West Sussex.
Not a brilliant photo ... I went back to the garden a couple of days later, hoping to get a better picture, but for the life of me I couldn't find this plant again! It was a large shrub or small tree, growing in quite a lot of shade.
My thanks to both scott.zona and Sciadopitys for their help with the ID.
From Wikipedia -
Schisandra (Magnolia Vine) is a genus of shrub commonly grown in gardens. It is a hardy deciduous climber which thrives in virtually any soil; its preferred position is on a sheltered shady wall. It may be propagated by taking cuttings of half-matured shoots in August. Species include S. chinensis, S. glaucescens, S. rubriflora and S. rubrifolia.
It is native to East Asia, and its dried fruit is used medicinally. The berries of S. chinensis are given the name wu wei zi in Chinese, which translates as "five flavor fruit" because they possess all five basic flavors in Chinese herbal medicine: salty, sweet, sour, pungent (spicy), and bitter. In traditional Chinese medicine it is used as a remedy for many ailments: to resist infections, increase skin health, and combat insomnia, coughing, and thirst.
Over 19 species of the genus are said to be used in Chinese medicine, mostly as sedatives and tonic agents. Schisandra may also aid in the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) when combined with wormwood, ginger, buplerum, and Codonopsis pilosula. However, there is insufficient evidence to support this claim at this time.
Modern Chinese research suggests that schisandra and other lignans have a protective effect on the liver and an immunomodulating effect. Two human trials in China (one double-blind and the other preliminary) have shown that schisandra may help people with chronic viral hepatitis reports Liu KT from Studies on fructus Schizandre cinensis. Schisandra lignans appear to protect the liver by activating the enzymes that produce glutathione.
Recently, the extract of S. rubriflora, a native of the Yunnan province, was found to contain complex and highly oxygenated nortriterpenoids. The discoverers named those molecules Rubriflorins A-C.
‘Wolverton’ home built 1903 on the Semaphore Esplanade – LeFevre Community Hospital from 1950.
This converted home, extended in size, has served the community since 1906.
Percy Woolls, who built the hospital’s building as a home he called ‘Wolverton., had suffered tragedy when his wife of six months, “Taddie” (Francis Mary Annie) Paqualin, died, aged 19, in 1897 at Semaphore.
Woolls bought the sandhills site on the Esplanade, Semaphore, for “Wolverton” in 1903 and had the house built but only lived in it for three months before returning to Sydney.
Nursing sister Margaret Nisbett paid half of the original cost as the only bidder for it in an auction in 1906. She converted it into Wolverton Rest Home hospital. Eighteen years later, another nurse, Sister E. Parks, took over and converted it into the Wolverton Private Hospital.
In 1949, the western suburbs community lost the hospital’s 11-bed maternity section due to a staff shortage.
Semaphore member of parliament Harold Tapping was involved in discussions about the community buying the hospital for £20,000. Tapping led a deputation to health minister Lyell McEwin that successfully gained the government’s agreement to cover half the cost. The hospital’s community committee quickly raised the other £10,000, with large Port Adelaide companies such as ICI and Adelaide Cement Company contributing.
LeFevre Community Hospital was born.
Community control from 1950 of the LeFevre hospital and its maternity wing came with complaints that “these same people who helped buy this hospital have to pay between £10-£12 per week for a bed, plus the usual hospital charges for the theatre and sedatives etc, then on top of that the doctor's bill. Twenty-five to thirty guineas is the average hospital charge for two weeks. Admission to the hospital is limited to those who are patients of one of a group of local doctors.”
The LeFevre community hospital board pressed on to solve the staff problem and secured a seven-roomed stone house at Derby Street, Semaphore, for use as nurses’ quarters.
Following a medical incident in 1989 the hospital was placed in liquidation, then sold and closed in 1995. It now serves as a residential care centre.
Ref: ADELAIDE AZ
wikipedia Young roots can be eaten like a vegetable (with a peppery flavor), or the shoots can be eaten as a salad. The whole plant was used to prepare an infusion with astringent and sedative properties. It was considered to be effective in healing asthmatic coughs, gastro-intestinal disorders, whooping cough and as a sedative pain-killer. Poultices containing O. biennis were at one time used to ease bruises and speed wound healing. One of the common names for Oenothera, "Kings cureall", reflects the wide range of healing powers ascribed to this plant, although it should be noted that its efficacy for these purposes has not been demonstrated in clinical trials.
The mature seeds contain approximately 7-10% gamma-linolenic acid, a fatty acid. The oil also contains around 70% linoleic acid.[14] The O. biennis seed oil is used to reduce the pains of premenstrual stress syndrome. Gamma-linolenic acid also shows promise against breast cancer.[15] Some side effects of using evening primrose oil are itching, sore throat and severe or extreme gassiness.
-->>..
" ..My brain is falling out. " - David
I slip as i wake from sleep.. to regain an awakeness from the midstate of conciounsness and where nightmare originate.
Excruciating amounts of Mucous slowly suffocates me. I wipe the goo from my eyes.
Red is spurting from my wrist.
Discharge,scum,muculent,gunk,mire,muck and milk.
O'.. tOkKa, your dripping..
..perhaps my she should have thrown her baby out with the bath water..
it seems so much as if she had thrown her baby off a cliff she'd have been much happier.
My ears hurt..they bleed..the blood drips from the canals..streaming away with the rest of me.
Ruination.. Toxic i drip.. ..i melt..i'm dripping..leaking.
..EVERY WAKING MOMENT.. EVERY BREAKING MOMENT.. YOU'RE IN LOVE WITH IDEALS YOU CAN NOT EVER HAVE..
..what is not solid can not truly break. i DRIP..
..every dripping moment to become a liquid cipher..
..this shell..this skin is viscous.
I leak of hypocracy..
.. Zero ..
No SOLIDARTY.. even the snowmen melt away.
I shun her..yet i am so thankful to her.
..this fragile planet can break .. i cannot.. ..
..to try break that which is ooze is only to have it consume your effort..
..be like water.. you become water..
..tho' i am premordial but less organic..
i become ooze..
purge.. ..weak.
Dead-like. Dripping..
I hate her so.. i love her so..
she'd soon see me not exist..i'd soon climb a mountain for her.
The mixture of so much hate and so much love seems undefinable..
..grey,grey sweat from blankets of anxiety.
..Snowmass.. snowbaby.
noone listens.. .. no one can help
..noone will ..words melt..soon they stop trying to understand..
..it would prolly sound sludge drops and splats on the grinders anyway.
Even if i was to be held.. i'd be as if grasping a water-balloon.
Rain.. hot;hard pavement..
snow,slush,mud..
pond,river,ocean ..
..acid..
..urine..
.. the contagioned defilement of a gorilla ..
Some kids pushed over a portable lavatory in the park.
Soggy ..slop..drip .. drip.. tOkKa drips..
..plop and puddle .. i surround myself with plastic creatures and reminders of things & personages i care about.
Stories..each creature has a story..so many of them could tell a million.
Parts of me canot listen anymore.
God i hate her so..
..i fucking hate me so..
She is killing me..
..i shall destroy me..
She is cancer.. ..i love her so..
I shun her ..yet i am so thankful to her..
..lucid.. the blur and the dreamlike slowly blob and ooze .. taking me away ..
I become less real.. more slime. Creatures are more real.
One used to pray for death before he became less solid.
Now i drip.. .. my flesh is dripping away,fizzles ..boils.. melts.
To become less than you ever were..
I am not substance to feed even he creatures.
Yet i am greatful for the distraction.
..i remain a stain to be washed away..
ASerem,chemicals,ammonias,bleach,sodium pentothal,detergent,purgative,liquor..
sedative.
Fry..
snuff the fire .. ashes wash away..
Biodegration.
I don't want to see her in hell..
Mutation.. abomination..
Blood..
.. my heart is melting..
..i need no more ..
..i became poison-primeval..
..decompose.
~~~ ~~~
.. ..Slip slimin' away ..the lovlies of Coco Rosie .. provides the Mutant Music & the backdrop for this piece ..::
-- Click here ,if you wish to listen to 'NOAH's Ark' by Coco Rosie !!--
A very special thanks to 'Jason O.' -Turtle Vidiot Extraordinaire for help on this project.
Please visit his ** TMNT Engine (click here)!!
..crayon,inks,colour pencil,MAGIC MARKER,design marker,Ph.shop,Macromedia Fireworks,water,blood,sweat,slime..
on 14" x 17" Bristol Board
- 17 ,October 2006
Our pomeranian, Sienna, has a disease. It's one of several very similar genetic disorders that are all categorized under an umbrella name known as "Alopecia X". The disease seems to be carried on the X, or female, chromosome, which explains the 'X', though both males and females can have the disease. The disease can effect any of the nordic breeds as well as poodles.
Our dog's specific disease, as best we can tell, is "Black Skin Disease", which as it's name implies causes the skin to turn black.
The cause of the disease is unknown, and there is no cure. What the disease does to the dog is stop the natural hair growth cycle in a symmetrical pattern, starting on the back and working its way forward. Extreme cases will find the the dog totally bald towards the end of its life. Dogs with double coats, like Pomeranians, will lose their outer coat first, followed by the inner.
Dogs with Alopecia X will typically keep their puppy coat longer, and their puppy coat will seem softer and more "cottony". The disease is usually activated after puberty, though it can in some cases not show up for many years. The disease does not actually harm the dog, typically, it mainly simply looks unsightly.
There is no cure, but spaying/neutering in some forms of Alopecia X can help. Sienna was spayed, and obviously that did little to halt the progression.
In some cases, about 30-40% of affected dogs, some say as high as 60%, will respond to Melatonin supplements, which is normally used on dogs (and people) as a sedative.
We will be putting Sienna on a Melatonin regimen, which I will be documenting here on Flickr. I will take a picture on Day one (sometime today or tomorrow), and then hopefully take daily or almost daily updates until we either see full remission or failure.
this beautiful weed has alleged healing properties - Considered analgesic, antacid, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, digestive, diuretic; flowers, emollient, anti-ulcerogenic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, immunomodulatory, oxytoxic, sedative and tonic.
- Secondary metabolites display oxytoxic, neuroprotective, antiviral, antibacterial, cardioactive and antitumor effects
source: stuart xchange
The 15-year-old boy sits weeping in a safehouse in central Iran, broken in body and spirit. Reza will not go outside — he is terrified of being left alone. He says he wants to end his life and it is not hard to understand why: for daring to wear the green wristband of Iran’s opposition he was locked up for 20 days, beaten, raped repeatedly and subjected to the Abu Ghraib-style sexual humiliations and abuse for which the Iranian regime denounced the United States.
“My life is over. I don’t think I can ever recover,” he said, as he recounted his experiences toThe Times — on condition that his identity not be revealed. A doctor who is treating him, at great risk to herself, confirmed that he is suicidal, and bears the appalling injuries consistent with his story. The family is desperate, and is exploring ways of fleeing Iran.
Reza is living proof of the charges levelled by Mehdi Karoubi, one of the opposition’s leaders, that prison officials are systematically raping both male and female detainees to break their wills. The regime has accused Mr Karoubi of helping Iran’s enemies by spreading lies and has threatened to arrest him.
The boy’s treatment also shows just how far a regime that claims to champion Islamic values is prepared to go to suppress millions of its own citizens who claim that President Ahmadinejad’s re-election was rigged.
Reza’s ordeal began in mid-July when he was arrested with about 40 other teenagers during an opposition demonstration in a large provincial city. Most were too young even to have voted. They were taken to what he believes was a Basiji militia base where they were blindfolded, stripped to their underwear, whipped with cables and then locked in a steel shipping container. That first night Reza was singled out by three men in plain clothes who had masqueraded as prisoners. As the other boys watched, they pushed him to the ground. One held his head down, another sat on his back and the third urinated on him before raping him.
“They were telling us they were doing this for God, and who did we think we were that we could demonstrate,” Reza said. The men told the other boys they would receive the same treatment if they did not co-operate when interrogated the next day.
Reza was then taken outside, tied to a metal pole and left there all night. The next morning one of the men returned. He asked whether Reza had learnt his lesson. “I was angry. I spat in his face and began cursing him. He elbowed me in the face a couple of times and slapped me.” Twenty minutes later, he says, the man returned with a bag full of excrement, shoved it in Reza’s face and threatened to make him eat it.
Reza was later taken to an interrogation room where he told his questioner he had been raped. “I made a mistake. He sounded kind, but my eyes were blindfolded. He said he would go look into it and I was hopeful,” Reza said.
Instead, the interrogator ordered Reza to be tied up and raped him again, saying: “This time I’ll do it, so you’ll learn not to tell these tales anywhere else. You deserve what’s coming to you. You guys should be raped until you die.”
He was subjected to further brutal sexual abuse — and locked up for three days of solitary confinement.
Reza was then forced to sign a “confession” in which he said that foreign forces had told him and his friends to burn banks and state media buildings. He was told to identify as the ringleader a 16-year-old friend who had been so badly beaten that he was in hospital.
“I was shaking so much I couldn’t even hear what they were saying,” said Reza. “I just signed whatever they put in front of me without looking at it. I was scared they would rape me again.”
The next day Reza and other detainees were transferred to a police detention centre, where he was held for a further week.
On the third day, police officers entered the cell in the middle of the night, blindfolded him and led him to the toilet, where he was again raped. “My hands began shaking, my legs were weak and I couldn’t stand up properly. I fell down and smashed my head hard on the ground to try and kill myself. I started screaming and shouting for them to kill me. I just couldn’t bear it anymore. I hated myself,” he said, weeping at the memory.
The following morning he was summoned by a police commander, who asked why he had been screaming the previous night. When he explained, he was asked to identify his rapist. The boy said he had been blindfolded, so the chief commander hit him and accused him of lying. He was forced to sign a letter admitting he had made baseless accusations against the security forces.
Reza’s ordeal was far from over. He was taken with about 130 other prisoners to the city’s Revolutionary Court, where they were herded into a yard. The judge told them that he would hang those who had violently resisted the Islamic revolution and read out the names of ten teenagers, including Reza. The message was clear: if they continued to say they had been raped they would be executed.
The judge sent them to the city’s central prison, where Reza was handcuffed and held in a small cell with six other boys for ten more days. In the evenings officers beat the boys and taunted them with the words: “You want to cause a revolution?.
Periodically, the most senior officer would take the boys away, three at a time. “When they returned they would be very quiet and uneasy,” Reza said. When his turn came he and the others were led into a small room and ordered to strip and have sex with each other. “He told us that with this we would be cleansed — we would be so shattered that we would no longer be able to look at each other. This would help calm us down.”
After 20 days Reza’s family finally secured his release on bail of about £45,000 — and with a final warning that he should say nothing about his treatment. His brother said: “A friend of mine who is a guard in the prison where Reza was being held had told me he was ill. The night he was released he was crying uncontrollably; then he broke down and told my mother everything.”
The family persuaded a hospital doctor they knew to treat him, despite the danger to herself. She has treated his physical injuries and given him antibiotics and sedatives but cannot perform an internal examination. Reza is deeply traumatised, terrified of being returned to prison and barely sleeps.
The doctor told The Times that other detainees had suffered a similiar fate. “We have many cases in the hospital but we can’t report on them. They won’t let us open a file. They don’t want any paperwork,” she said.
Drewery Dyke, an Amnesty International Iran researcher, said that Reza’s case was “consistent with other reports we have received in terms of the severity of disregard for human dignity, the unrestricted abuse without any recourse to justice, the involvement even of judicial persons in rape abuse and the denial of the basic right to healthcare”.
Reza, at least, survived to tell the world his story. The 16-year-old friend he had to name as the ringleader has since died in hospital from his injuries.
• The identities of all people mentioned in the article have been withheld.
By nature of their general training dentists can carry out the majority of dental treatments such as restorative (fillings, crowns, bridges), prosthetic (dentures), endodontic (root canal) therapy, periodontal (gum) therapy, and extraction of teeth, as well as performing examinations, radiographs (x-rays), and diagnosis. Dentists can also prescribe medications such as antibiotics, sedatives, and any other drugs used in patient management.
They also encourage prevention of oral diseases through proper hygiene and regular, twice yearly, checkups for professional cleaning and evalution. Oral infections and inflammations may affect overall health and conditions in the oral cavity may be indicative of systemic diseases, such as osteoporosis, diabetes, celiac disease or cancer.
Many studies have also shown that gum disease is associated with an increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, and preterm birth. The concept that oral health can affect systemic health and disease is referred to as "oral-systemic health".
Description source:
View the original image at the Queensland State Archives:
From my set entitled “Solomon’s Seal”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607189465821/
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Polygonatum (King Solomon's-seal, Solomon's Seal) is a genus of about 50 species of flowering plants within the family Ruscaceae, formerly classified in the lily family Liliaceae.
Some species of this genus have medicinal properties, and some (in particular P. sibiricum) are used as an tisane in traditional Chinese medicine, which is called dungulle in Korea.
Some Polygonatum shoots are edible, cooked like asparagus, as are the roots - after appropriate treatment - being a good source of starch
Revolving primarily around the root, "Solomon's Seal" are traditionally used in a range of afflictions from menopause to broken bones. As a topical application, the root are said to expedite the healing of cuts and bruises, skin irritations and inflammations, and as a face wash is good for acne, blemishes and all kinds of imperfections of the skin. When consumed as a tea, it is said to alleviate a range of symptoms associated with menopause, indigestion, diabetes, broken bones, insomnia, kidney pains, and even infertility]
Its use to fight diabetes was first observed in 1930 by Langecker. After experiments, he concluded that it was effective in fighting nutritional hyperglycemia, though not that caused by adrenaline release, probably due to its content in glucokinin.
From my set entitled “Sweet Woodruff”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607217333095/
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodruff
Woodruff (Galium odoratum) is a herbaceous perennial plant in the family Rubiaceae, native to Europe, North Africa and western Asia. It grows to 30-50 cm (12-20 ins.) long, often lying flat on the ground or supported by other plants. The plant is also known in English as Sweet Woodruff or Wild Baby's Breath. "Master of the woods" is probably a translation of the German name Waldmeister. Names like "Sweetscented bedstraw", "Cudweed" and "Ladies' Bedstraw" should be avoided; the former two properly refer to Galium triflorum, the latter to Galium verum.
The leaves are simple, lanceolate, glabrous, 2-5 cm long, and borne in whorls of 6-9. The small (4-7 mm diameter) flowers are produced in cymes, each white with four petals joined together at the base. The seeds are 2-4 mm diameter, produced singly, and each seed is covered in tiny hooked bristles which help disperse the seed by sticking temporarily to clothing and animal fur.
This plant prefers partial to full shade in moist, rich soils. In dry summers it needs frequent irrigation. Propagation is by crown division, separation of the rooted stems, or digging up of the barely submerged perimeter stolons.
Woodruff, as the scientific name odoratum suggests, is a strongly scented plant, the sweet scent being derived from coumarin. This scent increases on wilting and then persists on drying, and woodruff is used in pot-pourri and as a moth deterrent. It is also used, mainly in Germany, to flavour May wine (called "Maiwein" or "Maibowle" in German), beer (Berliner Weisse), brandy, sausages, jelly, jam, a soft drink (Tarhun), ice cream, and an herbal tea with gentle sedative properties.
High doses can cause headaches, due to the toxity of coumarin. Very high doses of coumarin can cause vertigo, somnolence or even central paralysis and apnoea while in a coma. Since 1981, woodruff may no longer be used as an ingredient of industrially produced drinks and foodstuffs in Germany; it has been replaced by artificial aromas and
colorings.
...so I could be sedated for an epidural steroid shot. Let's pray this one helps my back stops hurting 24/7 at least for a few months!
Highdown Gardens near Worthing, West Sussex.
Not a brilliant photo ... I went back to the garden a couple of days later, hoping to get a better picture, but for the life of me I couldn't find this plant again! It was a large shrub or small tree, growing in quite a lot of shade.
My thanks to both scott.zona and Sciadopitys for their help with the ID.
From Wikipedia -
Schisandra (Magnolia Vine) is a genus of shrub commonly grown in gardens. It is a hardy deciduous climber which thrives in virtually any soil; its preferred position is on a sheltered shady wall. It may be propagated by taking cuttings of half-matured shoots in August. Species include S. chinensis, S. glaucescens, S. rubriflora and S. rubrifolia.
It is native to East Asia, and its dried fruit is used medicinally. The berries of S. chinensis are given the name wu wei zi in Chinese, which translates as "five flavor fruit" because they possess all five basic flavors in Chinese herbal medicine: salty, sweet, sour, pungent (spicy), and bitter. In traditional Chinese medicine it is used as a remedy for many ailments: to resist infections, increase skin health, and combat insomnia, coughing, and thirst.
Over 19 species of the genus are said to be used in Chinese medicine, mostly as sedatives and tonic agents. Schisandra may also aid in the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) when combined with wormwood, ginger, buplerum, and Codonopsis pilosula. However, there is insufficient evidence to support this claim at this time.
Modern Chinese research suggests that schisandra and other lignans have a protective effect on the liver and an immunomodulating effect. Two human trials in China (one double-blind and the other preliminary) have shown that schisandra may help people with chronic viral hepatitis reports Liu KT from Studies on fructus Schizandre cinensis. Schisandra lignans appear to protect the liver by activating the enzymes that produce glutathione.
Recently, the extract of S. rubriflora, a native of the Yunnan province, was found to contain complex and highly oxygenated nortriterpenoids. The discoverers named those molecules Rubriflorins A-C.
Gran'Ma Smuggins (part of the global Stolyer-Childhood group) based in downtown industrial Detroit, likes to pride itself on its "back to nature" approach to comestibles.
These latest cookies, aimed mostly at the colour-blind geriatric market, are incredibly cheap to make, although not to buy.
Each is laced with a mild sedative, so ideal for distribution in old folks' homes.
"It doesn't really matter what they look like", says the chairwoman of Gran'ma Smuggins, Imaka Fortune-Andyerdownt. "Our demographic often has fewer than five working senses, so aren't generally so darn picky as the younger set".
many women rent babies
to beg.
They use a sedative to put the baby to sleep
for hours in order to carry out their trade.
Delhi
Photography’s new conscience
Ick, what a week... I've got a really hideous cold and Barney's incapacitated with his poorly paw, so we're both pretty miserable. After an emergency trip to the vets on Sat night, following hrs of bleeding due to (I think) running over glass, we returned on Sun so he could be fixed up. After quite a fight (it took me and my uncle to restrain him while an IV was fitted), he was sedated and anaesthetised. Having been cleaned and stitched up, a wobbly Barney came home with a bucket load of pills to take, instructions not to be allowed off lead for 10 days and an appointment in 3 days time for the first dressing change.
He was so freaked out & nervous aggressive this weekend, I was asked to give some strong sedatives (ACP) before our visit. I gave him slightly less than the nurse recommended but he reacted strongly. He tottered into the surgery and after a brief struggle, just lay still while the vet worked. It was good that the dressing change was quick and safe, but I absolutely hate seeing Barney so bleary eyed, unsteady and unresponsive. He was easy to handle, but still seemed stressed, just unable to respond. Long term, we're going to be working on desensitising him as up until this summer, he was fine with the vet. He's been comatose all day, sleeping very heavily between bouts of staggering around and staring blankly off into space. So sad, hope he's feeling better soon :(
The good news: vet said that Barney is doing so well, he shouldn't need another bandage change, just an appointment in a week's time for the stitches to be removed (unfortunately I won't be around, I hope he'll be OK with my aunt taking him!). I was relieved to hear the wound was healing nicely - he's not exactly been "resting"... We've not been on any walks except brief hobbles round the block but in the house, he's been racing up and downstairs after me and because he's bored, bouncing around even more than normal! Luckily, he's not chewing his bandage, so he's escaped the cone of shame, so far at least*... Fingers crossed that this time next week, he'll be back to his normal self!
*Spoke too soon, he's been chewing a bit this evening, the cone of shame is now in use!
A graviola (Annona muricata) é uma planta originária das Antilhas, onde se encontra em estado silvestre.
Nos Andes do Peru, a folha é tradicionalmente usada como chá no tratamento de catarro excessivo. As sementes tem ação anti parasitaria, as raízes e as folhas eram utilizadas para diabetes; no Brasil, tornou-se subespontânea na Amazônia. Prefere climas úmidos e baixa altitude.
A gravioleira é uma árvore de pequeno porte (atinge de 4 a 6 metros de altura) e encontrada em quase todas as florestas tropicais, com folhas verdes brilhantes e flores amareladas, grandes e isoladas, que nascem no tronco e nos ramos. Os frutos têm forma ovalada, casca verde-pálida, são grandes, chegando a pesar entre 750 gramas a 8 quilogramas e dando o ano todo.
Contém muitas espinhas, vermelhas, envolvidas por uma polpa branca, de sabor agridoce, muito delicado e considerados por muitos que o comeram semelhante ao fruto abóbora (ou jerimum, no nordeste do Brasil). Estão a realizar-se estudos para saber se a graviola cura ou não o cancro (ou câncer, em português do Brasil).
O óleo de graviola oferece muitas propriedades na qual inclui bactericida, adstringentes, hipotensor e sedativo para citar alguns. Seus usos tradicionais são para tratar a asma, calafrios, febre, conduto, pressão alta, insônia, nervosismo, reumatismo e doenças de pele. Usá-lo em cremes, loções e bálsamos para aliviar a coceira de pele seca e para eczema e sintomas de psoríase. A semente tem alto valor de magnésio e potássio em relação a polpa da fruta.
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Soursop fruit (Annona muricata) is a plant native to the Antilles, where it is found in the wild.
In the Peruvian Andes, leaf is traditionally used as a tea in the treatment of excessive phlegm. The seeds have antiparasitic action, roots and leaves were used for diabetes; in Brazil, became subspontaneous in the Amazon. Prefers humid climates and low altitude.
The soursop is a small tree (reaches 4 to 6 meters high) and found in almost all tropical forests, with bright green leaves and yellowish flowers, large and isolated, that are born in the trunk and in the branches. The fruits are oval shaped, pale green bark, are large, reaching between 750 grams to 8 kilograms and giving the whole year.
It contains many red spines, surrounded by a white pulp, bittersweet in taste, very delicate and considered by many who ate it similar to the pumpkin fruit (or jerimum, in northeastern Brazil). Studies are being carried out to determine whether or not graviola cures cancer (or cancer, in Brazilian Portuguese).
Graviola oil offers many properties in which it includes bactericidal, astringent, hypotensive and sedative to name a few. Its traditional uses are to treat asthma, chills, fever, flue, high blood pressure, insomnia, nervousness, rheumatism and skin diseases. Use it on creams, lotions and balms to relieve itchy dry skin and for eczema and psoriasis symptoms. The seed has a high value of magnesium and potassium in relation to fruit pulp.
Five and a half hours after Bonkers' sedative shot for his seizures, he is still asleep on the floor of the kitchen, not even interested in food.
I feel lucky to capture this beautiful poppy today, because the wind was blowing about between 15-20 mph and the flower was moving a lot. Opium Poppy
With its array of colors ranging from white to pink to red to purple to blue, the poppy is a flower that has graced gardens around the world. Yet the juice from this botanical beauty has sparked wars, created incalculable wealth, and wreaked indescribable suffering upon millions.
HISTORY
A man collecting opium sap from a pod.
The poppy plant, Papaver somniferum, produces opium, a powerful narcotic whose derivatives include morphine, codeine, heroin, and oxycodone. The term “narcotic” refers to opium, opium derivatives, and their semi-synthetic substitutes. Narcotics are used therapeutically to treat pain, suppress cough, alleviate diarrhea, and induce anesthesia. However, they are some of the most addictive substances known to man. As misused drugs, they are often smoked, sniffed, or injected.
The earliest reference to opium growth and use is in 3,400 B.C. when the opium poppy was cultivated in lower Mesopotamia (Southwest Asia). The Sumerians referred to it as Hul Gil, the "joy plant." The Sumerians soon passed it on to the Assyrians, who in turn passed it on to the Egyptians. As people learned of the power of opium, demand for it increased. Many countries began to grow and process opium to expand its availability and to decrease its cost. Its cultivation spread along the Silk Road, from the Mediterranean through Asia and finally to China where it was the catalyst for the Opium Wars of the mid-1800s.
Today, heroin’s long journey to drug traffickers begins with the planting of opium poppy seeds. Opium is grown mainly by impoverished farmers on small plots in remote regions of the world. It flourishes in dry, warm climates and the vast majority of opium poppies are grown in a narrow, 4,500-mile stretch of mountains extending across central Asia from Turkey through Pakistan and Burma. Recently, opium has been grown in Latin America, notably Colombia and Mexico. The farmer takes his crop of opium to the nearest village where he will sell it to the dealer who offers him the best price.
THE SILK ROAD
The Silk Road is an 18th-century term for a series of interconnected routes that ran from Europe to China. These trade routes developed between the empires of Persia and Syria on the Mediterranean coast and the Indian kingdoms of the East. By the late Middle Ages, the routes extended from Italy in the West to China in the East and to Scandinavia in the North. Opium was one of the products traded along the Silk Road.
A map of the Silk Road from 200 B.C. - 300 B.C
OPIUM WARS
To fund their ever-increasing desire for Chinese produced tea, Britain, through their control of the East India Company, began smuggling Indian opium to China. This resulted in a soaring addiction rate among the Chinese and led to the Opium Wars of the mid-1800s. Subsequent Chinese immigration to work on the railroads and the gold rush brought opium smoking to America.
A sketch of 19th-century Chinese and British officials
OPIUM DENS AND PARAPHERNALIA
Opium dens were established as sites to buy and sell opium. Dens were commonly found in China, Southeast Asia, the United States, and parts of Europe. Chinese immigrants came to the United States in the Mid-1800s to work for railroads and the Gold Rush and brought the habit of opium smoking with them. Opium dens sprang up in San Francisco's Chinatown and spread eastward to New York. Browse the images below to learn more about equipment used to smoke, measure, and weigh opium for centuries.
Seven people in an opium den
A Chinese style opium pipe
Chinese Style Opium Pipe: This antique opium pipe set, circa 1821, highlights the exquisite details that could be afforded by rich Chinese opium smokers.
Opium smoking equipment
Opium Smoking Equipment: In addition to the traditional pipe, opium smokers could also use a lamp for heating the opium as well as various tools to manipulate the gummy substance.
Opium weights shaped like elephants
Weights and Scales: These scales and the elephant-shaped gold weights were used to accurately measure opium for sale.
MEDICAL USE: AN ANCIENT MEDICINE
Opium was known to ancient Greek and Roman physicians as a powerful pain reliever. It was also used to induce sleep and to give relief to the bowels. Opium was even thought to protect the user from being poisoned. Its pleasurable effects were also noted. The trading and production of opium spread from the Mediterranean to China by the 15th century. Opium has many derivatives, including morphine, codeine, oxycodone, and heroin. Browse the images below to learn more about each derivative.
Oxycodone is synthesized from thebaine, a third component of opium. Like morphine, it is used for pain relief. Oxycodone is taken orally. When misused, the tablets are crushed and snorted or dissolved in water and injected.
Opium (and the majority of its derivatives, with the exception of heroin which is Schedule I), is listed as a Schedule II controlled substance because of its medical benefit but potential for misuse. However, various opium derivatives manufactured in combination with other medical substances (like Tylenol with Codeine) may be assigned to Schedule III, IV, or V under the Controlled Substances Act. Click here to review detailed descriptions of the drug schedules.
A scientific illustration of an opium poppy flower
A scientific illustration of an opium poppy flower from Dr. Otto Wilhelm Thomé's Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (1885).
A bottle of morphine
Morphine: In 1803, morphine, the principal ingredient in opium, was extracted from opium resin. Morphine is 10 times more powerful than processed opium, quantity for quantity. Hailed as a miracle drug, it was widely prescribed by physicians in the mid-1800s. Morphine is one of the most effective drugs known for the relief of severe pain and remains the standard against which new pain relievers are measured.
Bottles of codeine
Codeine: Codeine, another component of opium, is medically prescribed for the relief of moderate pain and cough suppression. It has less pain-killing ability than morphine and is usually taken orally. As a cough suppressant, it is found in a number of liquid preparations.
Two bottles of heroin
Heroin: First synthesized from morphine in 1874, the Bayer Company of Germany introduced heroin for medical use in 1898. Physicians remained unaware of its addiction potential for years, but by 1903, heroin misuse had risen to alarming levels in the United States. All use of heroin was made illegal by federal law in 1924.
A toppled bottle of Oxycodone
Oxycodone: Oxycodone is synthesized from thebaine, a third component of opium. Like morphine, it is used for pain relief. Oxycodone is taken orally. When misused, the tablets are crushed and snorted or dissolved in water and injected.
FORMS
A loaf of bread with poppy seeds
Poppies as Food: Besides being used for drug manufacturing, the poppy is also the source of poppy seeds which are greatly prized as food. Items such as poppy seed bagels and lemon poppy seed cake are sought after for their delicious flavors.
A McCormick bottle of poppy seeds
Poppy Seeds for Cooking: Poppy seeds for use in cooking can be purchased at local markets. The majority of poppy seeds used for food come from the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. Although these seeds do have opium content, the amount used for cooking purposes is extremely small. Consumption of poppy seeds can produce a positive result on drug tests.
Opium poppy flowers growing in a garden
Poppies for the Garden: Poppy flowers come in a variety of colors and are prized for the beauty they bring to the landscape. In several states, various species of poppies are planted along the sides of highways for erosion control, for example, the red corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas). Although the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) has the highest concentration of narcotics, all poppies in the Papaver genus do contain some amount of narcotic.
Two bags of opium flower poppy seeds
Growing Poppies: Poppy seed packets can be purchased at many local shops that sell gardening supplies.
EFFECTS ON THE BODY
A bottle of pills spilled over
Good Effects of Opiates: No other substance has been found to be as effective as opiates for the management of extreme pain. In addition to its analgesic qualities, it is a very effective cough suppressant, anti-diarrhea medication, and sleep-inducer.
A graphic outlining the bad effects of opiates on the human body
Bad Effects of Opiates: The major drawback of opiate use is the potential for misuse and addiction. Effects include drowsiness, slurred speech, confusion, memory loss, pupil constriction, dilation of the blood vessels causing increased pressure in the brain, constipation, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, fatigue, hallucinations, sexual dysfunction, convulsions, and respiratory depression. Effects from using non-sterile needles and adulterants mixed with opiates include skin, lung, and brain abscesses, endocarditis (inflammation of the lining of the heart), infected and collapsed veins, and diseases such as hepatitis and HIV.
THE HEROIN MOLECULE
Opium from poppy plants contains several natural alkaloids including morphine and codeine. All opiates share the same basic molecular structure, with just a slight change in the end molecules to differentiate heroin from morphine, codeine, oxycodone, and other varieties.
A heroin molecule model
HEROIN CHANGES THE BRAIN
After heroin use is stopped, symptoms like depression, abnormal mood swings, insomnia, psychosis, and paranoia remain. These brain scans show a reduction in dopamine receptors which control judgment and behavior. This reduction is a result of regular heroin use.
A graphic demonstrating dopamine levels in cocaine, alcohol, and heroin addiction
Graphic courtesy of NIDA.
HOW HEROIN WORKS
Heroin binds to receptors in the brain and produces feelings of euphoria. Its structure mimics that of a natural neurotransmitter and taps into the brain’s communication system, interfering with the way nerve cells normally send, receive, and process information. This similarity in structure “fools” receptors and allows the drugs to lock onto and activate the nerve cells. Below is a model of an opiate chemical attaching to a receptor in the brain.
A model of an opiate chemical attaching to a receptor in the brain
Graphic courtesy of B.K. Madras.
HARVESTING OPIUM POPPIES
The milky fluid that seeps from cuts in the unripe poppy seed pod has, since ancient times, been scraped off and air-dried to produce what is known as opium. The seedpod is first incised with a multi-bladed tool. This lets the opium “gum” ooze out. The semi-dried "gum" is harvested with a curved spatula and then dried in open wooden boxes. The dried opium resin is placed in bags or rolled into balls for sale.
Opium poppy pods with scoring and scraping tools
An oozing opium poppy pod
A bag of harvested opium
LEGAL PRODUCTION OF OPIUM
Legal growing of opium for medicinal use currently takes place in India, Turkey, and Australia. Two thousand tons of opium are produced annually and this supplies the world with the raw material needed to make medicinal products.
Two women legally harvesting opium
Photo courtesy of Mallinckrodt.
A crate of legally harvested opium
Mallinckrodt, one of the pharmaceutical companies licensed to deal in legal poppy production, uses crates such as this to ship its poppy products around the world.
HEROIN DRUG TRAFFICKING
Currently, there are three main sources for illegal opium: Burma, Afghanistan, and Colombia. Opium and heroin are ideal trade products–they are in great demand, are very profitable to produce, and the products take up little space. With modern transportation, opium and heroin can be moved from one country to another within days or a few weeks. Opium and heroin have an extensive and stable shelf life, allowing the products to be stored for long periods of time.
DEA is committed to halting the global trafficking of heroin. In 2008, DEA seized 13,719 kilograms (30,245 pounds) of heroin in operations around the world.
A map of global heroin drug trafficking
A clandestine heroin lab
Clandestine Heroin Laboratory in Afghanistan: In 2010 groups in Afghanistan produced 90 percent of the world's illicit opium, using clandestine labs well hidden in the country's topography.
A heroin brick mold
Heroin Brick Mold: Morphine is extracted from opium and the morphine base is transported to clandestine heroin laboratories or processed into heroin directly. The heroin powder is distributed either loose in bags or pressed into bricks with a mold.
A blue camel-shaped stamp on fabric
Heroin Bag Stamps: Drug traffickers routinely mark their products with logos or characters as a marketing tool to keep brand loyalty among their customers as well as to remain anonymous if the drugs are seized by law enforcement. This camel stamp was used by drug traffickers in Afghanistan.
Three plastic bags used for packaging illegal heroin
Branded Plastic Bags Used for Packaging of Illegal Heroin: Many consumers have their favorite brand of the drug.
FROM THE FARM TO THE ARM
The majority of the world’s heroin is produced using the Southwest Asian Method of processing.
A man adding hot water to a calcium-opium solution in barrels
Step One: Raw opium that has been collected from poppy pods is mixed with a calcium solution and hot water in large barrels. It is stirred vigorously and allowed to settle for many hours.
A man siphoning morphine out of red buckets
Step Two: The clear liquid on the top contains the morphine and is siphoned out into another container. A binding chemical is added, then returned to the barrel and heated. This chemical binds to the morphine causing it to fall to the bottom of the barrel.
Two men sifting through brown, dried morphine
Step Three: The contents of the barrel are stirred and filtered out. The residue is dried in the sun resulting in a brown morphine base.
A person stirring a pot of processing heroin
Step Four: Morphine base is combined with another chemical solution and heated until the solution turns black in color. It is then cooled down, quenched with water, and filtered to remove some impurities.
A bucket of tan heroin base
Step Five: In a separate container, sodium carbonate is dissolved in water, then added to the morphine base and stirred to create heroin base.
Two men stirring chemical solutions in red buckets
Step Six: The heroin base is mixed with several more chemical solutions, including charcoal and water, and then stirred. It is filtered multiple times to remove the charcoal, and the resulting residue is dried.
Two men pouring one bucket of solution into another
Step Seven: One last chemical is added to the dried heroin base and then filtered.
A container of dried, white heroin
Step Eight: The final dried product is white heroin hydrochloride, or powdered white heroin.
COLOMBIAN METHOD
A slightly different processing method is used to make heroin in Colombia. Instead of leaving the opium to dry overnight on the pod, the liquid opium is harvested immediately for processing. The frequent rains in that region necessitate immediate removal of the opium from the pod to prevent it from being washed away. The liquid opium is then mixed with hot water and similar steps to those that are outlined in the Southwest method are used.
A bucket of wet heroin. DEA museum. Poppies have long been used as a symbol of sleep, peace, and death: Sleep because the opium extracted from them is a sedative, and death because of the common blood-red colour of the red poppy in particular.[16] In Greek and Roman myths, poppies were used as offerings to the dead.[17] Poppies used as emblems on tombstones symbolize eternal sleep. This symbolism was evoked in L. Frank Baum's 1900 children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, in which a magical poppy field threatened to make the protagonists sleep forever.[17] A second interpretation of poppies in Classical mythology is that the bright scarlet colour signifies a promise of resurrection after death.[18]
Red-flowered poppy is unofficially considered the national flower of the Albanians in Albania, Kosovo and elsewhere. This is due to its red and black colours, the same as the colours of the flag of Albania. Red poppies are also the national flower of Poland. The California poppy, Eschscholzia californica, is the state flower of California.[19]
The powerful symbolism of Papaver rhoeas has been borrowed by various advocacy campaigns, such as the White Poppy and Simon Topping's black poppy.
Wartime remembrance
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Main article: Remembrance poppy
A Canadian remembrance poppy worn on the lapel.
The poppy of wartime remembrance is Papaver rhoeas, the red-flowered corn poppy. This poppy is a common plant of disturbed ground in Europe and is found in many locations, including Flanders, which is the setting of the famous poem "In Flanders Fields" by the Canadian surgeon and soldier John McCrae. In Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand, artificial poppies (plastic in Canada, paper in the UK, Australia, South Africa, Malta and New Zealand) are worn to commemorate those who died in war. This form of commemoration is associated with Remembrance Day, which falls on November 11. In Canada, Australia and the UK, poppies are often worn from the beginning of November through to the 11th, or Remembrance Sunday if that falls on a later date. In New Zealand and Australia, soldiers are also commemorated on ANZAC day (April 25),[20] although the poppy is still commonly worn around Remembrance Day. Wearing of poppies has been a custom since 1924 in the United States.[21] Moina Michael of Georgia is credited as the founder of the Memorial Poppy in the United States.[22][23][24] Wikipedia
Artificial poppies (called "Buddy Poppies") are used in the veterans' aid campaign by the Veterans of Foreign Wars, which provides money to the veterans who assemble the poppies and various aid programs to veterans and their families.[25]
Youngster smoking Mandrax (methaqualone) mixed with Marijuana, on Wednesday, Aug. 31, 2005. Initially marketed as a sedative or sleeping tablet by the French pharmaceutical giant Roussell Laboratories, it turned out to be highly addictive and banned in 1977. Sold illegally in South Africa, it is smoked in conjunction with Marijuana and it is the most widely used drug in the Western Cape, sold at about 30 Rands (about 3 UK pounds) per tablet. It is crushed and smoked in pipes or bottlenecks (aka white pipe). It makes the user feel relaxed, clam and peaceful and everything looks perfect, while turning aggressive when the effect is wearing off. It requires increased usage in order to achieve the same effects and depression feelings are not uncommon with use. According to the Cape Town Drug Counselling Centre (CTDCC) it is a really difficult habit to break in impoverished communities where young unemployed are left on their own with no government help or other activities apart from crime and gansgterism. Social injustice, weakened family links and a feeling of not-belonging are also causes of problems upon the coloured communities in South Africa. **ITALY OUT**
Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves, Oil, Pollen, Root; Seed, Stem,
Edible Uses: Vegetable, Salad, Flour, Starch, Protein, Asparagus, Syrup,
Roots - raw or cooked. They can be boiled and eaten like potatoes or macerated and then boiled to yield a sweet syrup. The roots can also be dried and ground into a powder, this powder is rich in protein and can be mixed with wheat flour and then used for making bread, biscuits, muffins etc.. One hectare of this plant can produce 8 tons of flour from the rootstock. The plant is best harvested from late autumn to early spring since it is richest in starch at this time. The root contains about 80% carbohydrate (30 - 46% starch) and 6 - 8% protein. Young shoots in spring - raw or cooked. An asparagus substitute. They taste like cucumber. The shoots can still be used when they are up to 50cm long. Base of mature stem - raw or cooked. It is best to remove the outer part of the stem. It is called 'Cossack asparagus'. Immature flowering spike - raw, cooked or made into a soup. It tastes like sweet corn. Seed - raw or cooked. The seed is rather small and tedious to utilize, but has a pleasant nutty taste when roasted. The seed can be ground into a flour and used in making cakes etc.. An edible oil is obtained from the seed. Due to the small size of the seed this is probably not a very worthwhile crop. Pollen - raw or cooked. The pollen can be used as a protein rich additive to flour when making bread, porridge etc.. It can also be eaten with the young flowers, which makes it considerably easier to utilize. The pollen can be harvested by placing the flowering stem over a wide but shallow container and then gently tapping the stem and brushing the pollen off with a fine brush. This will help to pollinate the plant and thereby ensure that both pollen and seeds can be harvested.
MEDICINAL USES: Anticoagulant, Astringent, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Galactogogue, Hemostatic, Miscellany, Refrigerant, Sedative, Tonic, Vulnerary,
The leaves are diuretic. The leaves have been mixed with oil and used as a poultice on sores. The pollen is astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, hemostatic, refrigerant, sedative, suppurative and vulnerary. The dried pollen is said to be anticoagulant, but when roasted with charcoal it becomes hemostatic. It is used internally in the treatment of kidney stones, hemorrhage, painful menstruation, abnormal uterine bleeding, post-partum pains, abscesses and cancer of the lymphatic system. It should not be prescribed for pregnant women. Externally, it is used in the treatment of tapeworms, diarrhea and injuries. A decoction of the stems has been used in the treatment of whooping cough. The roots are diuretic, galactogogue, refrigerant and tonic. The roots are pounded into a jelly-like consistency and applied as a poultice to wounds, cuts, boils, sores, carbuncles, inflammations, burns and scalds. The flowers are used in the treatment of a wide range of ailments including abdominal pain, amenorrhea, cystitis, dysuria, metrorrhagia and vaginitis. The young flower heads are eaten as a treatment for diarrhea. The seed down has been used as a dressing on burns and scalds.
OTHER USES: Baby care, Biomass, Fiber, Insulation, Lighting, Miscellany, Oil, Paper, Soil stabilization, Stuffing, Thatching, Tinder, Weaving
The stems and leaves have many uses. Gathered in the autumn they make a good thatch, can be used in making paper, can be woven into mats, chairs, hats etc.. They are a good source of biomass, making an excellent addition to the compost heap or used as a source of fuel etc. The pulp of the plant can be converted into rayon. The stems can be used to make rush lights. The outer stem is removed except for a small strip about 10mm wide which acts as a spine to keep the stem erect. The stem is then soaked in oil and can be lit and used like a candle. The female flowers make an excellent tinder and can be lit from the spark of a flint. A fiber is obtained from the blossom stem and flowers. A fiber obtained from the leaves can be used for making paper The leaves are harvested in summer, autumn or winter and are soaked in water for 24 hours prior to cooking. The fibers are cooked for 2 hours with soda ash and then beaten in a ball mill for 1½ hours. They make a green or brown paper. The hairs of the fruits are used for stuffing pillows etc.. They have good insulating and buoyancy properties and have also been used as a wound dressing and a lining for babies diapers. The flowering stems can be dried and used for insulation, they also have good buoyancy properties. The pollen is highly flammable, it is used in making fireworks etc..
Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves, Oil, Pollen, Root; Seed, Stem,
Edible Uses: Vegetable, Salad, Flour, Starch, Protein, Asparagus, Syrup,
Roots - raw or cooked. They can be boiled and eaten like potatoes or macerated and then boiled to yield a sweet syrup. The roots can also be dried and ground into a powder, this powder is rich in protein and can be mixed with wheat flour and then used for making bread, biscuits, muffins etc.. One hectare of this plant can produce 8 tons of flour from the rootstock. The plant is best harvested from late autumn to early spring since it is richest in starch at this time. The root contains about 80% carbohydrate (30 - 46% starch) and 6 - 8% protein. Young shoots in spring - raw or cooked. An asparagus substitute. They taste like cucumber. The shoots can still be used when they are up to 50cm long. Base of mature stem - raw or cooked. It is best to remove the outer part of the stem. It is called 'Cossack asparagus'. Immature flowering spike - raw, cooked or made into a soup. It tastes like sweet corn. Seed - raw or cooked. The seed is rather small and tedious to utilize, but has a pleasant nutty taste when roasted. The seed can be ground into a flour and used in making cakes etc.. An edible oil is obtained from the seed. Due to the small size of the seed this is probably not a very worthwhile crop. Pollen - raw or cooked. The pollen can be used as a protein rich additive to flour when making bread, porridge etc.. It can also be eaten with the young flowers, which makes it considerably easier to utilize. The pollen can be harvested by placing the flowering stem over a wide but shallow container and then gently tapping the stem and brushing the pollen off with a fine brush. This will help to pollinate the plant and thereby ensure that both pollen and seeds can be harvested.
MEDICINAL USES: Anticoagulant, Astringent, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Galactogogue, Hemostatic, Miscellany, Refrigerant, Sedative, Tonic, Vulnerary,
The leaves are diuretic. The leaves have been mixed with oil and used as a poultice on sores. The pollen is astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, hemostatic, refrigerant, sedative, suppurative and vulnerary. The dried pollen is said to be anticoagulant, but when roasted with charcoal it becomes hemostatic. It is used internally in the treatment of kidney stones, hemorrhage, painful menstruation, abnormal uterine bleeding, post-partum pains, abscesses and cancer of the lymphatic system. It should not be prescribed for pregnant women. Externally, it is used in the treatment of tapeworms, diarrhea and injuries. A decoction of the stems has been used in the treatment of whooping cough. The roots are diuretic, galactogogue, refrigerant and tonic. The roots are pounded into a jelly-like consistency and applied as a poultice to wounds, cuts, boils, sores, carbuncles, inflammations, burns and scalds. The flowers are used in the treatment of a wide range of ailments including abdominal pain, amenorrhea, cystitis, dysuria, metrorrhagia and vaginitis. The young flower heads are eaten as a treatment for diarrhea. The seed down has been used as a dressing on burns and scalds.
OTHER USES: Baby care, Biomass, Fiber, Insulation, Lighting, Miscellany, Oil, Paper, Soil stabilization, Stuffing, Thatching, Tinder, Weaving
The stems and leaves have many uses. Gathered in the autumn they make a good thatch, can be used in making paper, can be woven into mats, chairs, hats etc.. They are a good source of biomass, making an excellent addition to the compost heap or used as a source of fuel etc. The pulp of the plant can be converted into rayon. The stems can be used to make rush lights. The outer stem is removed except for a small strip about 10mm wide which acts as a spine to keep the stem erect. The stem is then soaked in oil and can be lit and used like a candle. The female flowers make an excellent tinder and can be lit from the spark of a flint. A fiber is obtained from the blossom stem and flowers. A fiber obtained from the leaves can be used for making paper The leaves are harvested in summer, autumn or winter and are soaked in water for 24 hours prior to cooking. The fibers are cooked for 2 hours with soda ash and then beaten in a ball mill for 1½ hours. They make a green or brown paper. The hairs of the fruits are used for stuffing pillows etc.. They have good insulating and buoyancy properties and have also been used as a wound dressing and a lining for babies diapers. The flowering stems can be dried and used for insulation, they also have good buoyancy properties. The pollen is highly flammable, it is used in making fireworks etc..
Just another shot of the Dragon Bolt with its rider Abigail, but a rather blurry one. This shot does give a good look at how the front legs connect to the torso. I was really happy when I figured out that the paw-esque piece allowed me to place a Brain Attack torso under it, as I liked the look of the paw, but I had spent weeks trying to figure out how to cover up the leg: none of the parts fitted properly.
---STORY---
Well, way back in 2012, I first saw the CGI model of the Dragon Bolt, and I fell in love with the concept. Upon seeing the set, I was half let down and half elated at the usefulness of the set. However, I wanted to build something that would do the CGI model justice. So I started to build. And I quickly ran out of parts, having finished only the front legs, the back ones, the rear end and its head. So I got three more copies of the set, as I was running out of blue. Now, eventually I managed to build the body, and the wings. However, I had nowhere near enough parts to finish the design. At this point, it's fall 2014. I take apart the wings and steal some parts from the dragon's back to use in other MOCs, my Golden Mask Contest entry taking up most of them. I get some more sets, most notably two copies of Surge and Rocka Combat Machine. Then, I hear about this contest. And I decide that I will finish this project, once and for all. And I get to work.
---BACKSTORY---
See www.customherofactory.wikia.com/wiki/Dragon_Bolt_(ThePurpleDragonNinja) for information on my canon's version of the Dragon Bolt. The rider is Abigail Katevnas, who has been assigned by the Hero Factory to research this species, which, despite probably being the most common species in the known galaxy, is quite obscure. As such, a wild Dragon Bolt has been captured and been trained to ignore Abigail to allow her to study it. For safety reasons, Abigail has been outfitted with special grip claws and a line to secure her to the Dragon Bolt in question. In emergencies, her wrist-mounted spikes can be used to administer sedatives.
---OTHER---
I think it's worth mentioning that this is, according to my canon, a newly adult Dragon Bolt. The CGI version or the set is about the size of an adolescent Dragon Bolt. I've also built a hatchling Dragon Bolt, which I will endeavor to post soon.
Sound and Music Therapy
Transformation Through Auditory Inputs
“India has recognised the solidarity effect of music on the mind, its potency to restore calm and equanimity, to still the waves of agitation and worry. Music is the instrument by which passions are sublimated, emotions are tamed, impulses directed to higher purposes. We have forgotten the great role assigned to music in our culture.” SS Speak, Vol 6, page 149
The sacred Indian texts of India have for thousands of years taught that sound holds the key to the mysteries of the universe, to the creation and sustenance of our world, and to the means of extricating ourselves from its bonds.
To explore the true nature of sound one has to integrate the sciences of physics, mathematics, chemistry and biology.
The potent force of the Divine being is transmitted to the one who is chanting the mantra.
1. Conclusion: all objects – whether thoughts, ideas, or the grossest matter is concentrated and coagulated patterns of sound waves interacting to form a lattice framework of nuclear energy centres.
2. Every object is the result of a specific pattern and density of sound which may be called the seminal or bija sound. The seminal sound is the seed, then the manifested object is the out picturing of the seeds potential.
3. There is an octave of sound within every object that originates in the plane of casual stress. The octaves lower end is in the plane of matter.
4. By knowing the seminal sound of an object or manifestation we can not only fully experience it but we can also re-mould or destroy it because we can then actually change its wave patterns.
5. By the ultimate knowledge of sounds, man can not only create but can also sustain and destroy.
6. Aum is the bija of God himself, your sounding of Aum is the call to God saying I am coming home.
7. The more love, gratitude and joy you feel when chanting Aum, the further you will proceed to higher states and worlds.
8. Chanting the Aumkar 21 times has multiple beneficial effects. It is like the roar of a lion chasing all the animal (vasanas) away.
Resonating the Word:
It is understood that sound precedes even light. If we vibrate a glass rod with ultrasonic vibration, the glass will give of heat and light, this is an example of soundless sound precipating as fire and light. Similarly the body can be regarded as a glass rod and when we open our chakras and purify our bodily senses we can become tuning forks-perpetually vibrating, emanating the sacred word.
1. Music exercises a powerful influence on muscle activity depending on the rhythm, muscular activity increase with the intensity and pitch of sound.
2. Shrill sounds projected into a liquid media would coagulate proteins. Recently teenagers took raw eggs into a concert, and midway through the concert the eggs could be eaten hard boiled.
3. Rhythms which are harmonious and healthy have been found (depending on their tempos) to be very effective stimulants or sedatives and of course they are on the long run more beneficial then addictive, toxic chemicals like valium, alcohol, etc.
4. A tempo about the same pace as the heart beat tends to sooth us, fast rhythms increase the heart rate, and slower rhythms may create a situation of suspense.
5. Sound is measured in decibels and human health is endangered by any sound at or above 90 db. Note that in front of a rock band the sound often reaches 120 db (remember the coagulation protein).
6. Music has an effect on plants : classical music caused them to grow towards the speaker at an angle of 70 degrees., but rock music actually caused the plants to grow away from the speakers at the same angle. Even rats prefer to go into the chambers playing Bach or other classical music.
7. Constant exposure to classical music caused plants to grow at twice their normal rate.
8. Could the discordant sounds we hear today be the cause of the increase in neurosis.
9. Music is an experience, experience moulds at least about a third of our character, this verifies Confucious who said that music moulds character.
10. Music as an encoder : language does mould character and the way we perceive the world around us, researchers have found that when a society does not posses a word for something, that something frequently becomes incapable of being conceived or identified by them : eg Africans and colour ( they are blind to certain colours which don’t belong to their vocabulary) and Eskimos and shades of white to grey, they have dozens of different names for minutely different shades of grey and white, because they have a word for each shade. They are able to conceptualise, perceive and recognise them, similarly the Hanuoo people have no problem what so ever in distinguishing between 92 different varieties or rice. We call this ability, codability. Different types of music does the same thing eg., we feel , on returning from the concert hall after listening to Handles Messiah that we have shaken off our dirt and dross. It is a known fact that devotional music destroys the excessive electromagnetic radiation we are generating in our atmosphere from AC current, transformers etc. It is known to those who attend devotional sessions on Thursdays, that ones feels greatly energised and elevated.
11. Music is also a potent communicator and multiplier of states of consciousness.
12. Therefore sathwic music is in fact a potent spiritual transformer.
Amapola silvestre
Papaver rhoeas, la amapola silvestre, es una especie fanerógama del género Papaver, perteneciente a la familia Papaveraceae.
Es una planta de ciclo anual que puede alcanzar más de 50 cm de altura. Posee tallos erectos y poco ramificados con finos pelillos.
Las hojas, que nacen alternas a lo largo del tallo, sin peciolo, son pinnadas y muy dentadas en los márgenes con una única nervadura central.
Las flores de color escarlata intenso, acampanadas y casi esféricas, poseen 4 finos pétalos y 2 sépalos vellosos. Los pétalos son muy delicados y se marchitan rápidamente, por lo que las flores no pueden usarse en adornos florales. Los estambres, de color negro, forman un racimo anillado alrededor del gineceo, lo que le da el aspecto de botón negro. El fruto es una cápsula verde pálido de forma cónica con una especie de tapa en la parte superior (opérculo), conteniendo numerosas semillas que escapan a través de las grietas del opérculo. Florecen de principio a final de la primavera.
La amapola se ha asociado a la agricultura desde épocas antiguas. Su ciclo de vida se adapta a la mayoría de los cultivos de cereales, floreciendo y granando antes de la recolección de las cosechas. Aunque se la considera una mala hierba es fácil de combatir con los habituales métodos de control de plagas.
Las hojas son levemente venenosas para los animales herbívoros. Las hojas verdes frescas (antes de la floración) pueden cocinarse como las espinacas y son muy apetecibles, con un sabor característico, perdiendo las propiedades venenosas al cocinarse, aunque con efectos sedantes por los alcaloides que contiene, por lo que su consumo como alimento ha venido decayendo en el sur de Europa. Las semillas son inofensivas y a menudo se utilizan como condimento y en bollería mientras que los pétalos se usan para elaborar siropes y bebidas no alcohólicas. La savia, pétalos y cápsulas contienen rhoeadina, un alcaloide de efectos ligeramente sedantes, a diferencia de la variedad Papaver somniferum (adormidera u opio) que contiene morfina. El consumo excesivo puede causar molestias intestinales, y hasta dolor de estómago.
Papavero comune
Il papavero comune o rosolaccio (Papaver rhoeas ) è una pianta erbacea annuale appartenente alla famiglia Papaveraceae.
La specie, largamente diffusa in Italia, cresce normalmente in campi e sui bordi di strade e ferrovie ed è considerata una pianta infestante. Petali e semi possiedono leggere proprietà sedative: il papavero è parente stretto del papavero da oppio, da cui si estrae la morfina.
È alta fino a 80 - 90 cm. Il fusto è eretto, coperto di peli rigidi. Tagliato emette un liquido bianco.
I boccioli sono verdi a forma di oliva e penduli. Il fiore è rosso dai petali delicati e caduchi. Spesso macchiato di nero alla base in corrispondenza degli stami di colore nero. Fiorisce in primavera da aprile fino a metà luglio.
Foglie pennato partite sparse lungo il fusto.
Il frutto è una capsula che contiene numerosi semi piccoli, reniformi e reticolati. Fuoriescono da un foro sotto lo stimma.
Il rosolaccio contiene degli alcaloidi che possono essere sfruttati per le loro proprietà blandamente sedative, infatti un infuso ottenuto con 4 o 5 petali per tazza viene spesso somministrata ai bambini prima di coricarsi in maniera da indurre loro un sonno migliore. È importante notare che gli alcaloidi presenti sono anche blandamente tossici, per questo motivo è importante non eccedere le dosi consigliate e non farne un uso prolungato. In genere un limite superiore di somministrazione consigliato è di due tazze giornaliere.
Oltre ai petali, che in infuso conferiscono alla tisana un profumo gradevole e un colore rossiccio, si utilizzano anche le capsule alle quali i petali sono attaccati, raccolte quando i fiore è sbocciato ma non ancora sfiorito. Le capsule contengono gli stessi alcaloidi presenti nei petali, ma in concentrazione maggiore: per questo motivo si consiglia di non utilizzare più di una capsula per tazza, eventualmente accompagnata da qualche petalo per rendere aromaticamente più gradevole la bevanda. Spesso nello stesso infuso si aggiungono anche dei fiori di camomilla rendendolo ancora più efficace e gradevole.
Red Poppy
Papaver rhoeas (common names include corn poppy, corn rose, field poppy, Flanders poppy, red poppy, and red weed) is a species of flowering plant in the poppy family, Papaveraceae. This poppy, a native of Europe, is notable as an agricultural weed (hence the "corn" and "field") and as a symbol of fallen soldiers.
The plant is a variable annual, forming a long-lived soil seed bank that can germinate when the soil is disturbed. In the northern hemisphere it generally flowers in late spring, but if the weather is warm enough other flowers frequently appear at the beginning of autumn. The flower is large and showy, with four petals that are vivid red, most commonly with a black spot at their base. Like many other species of Papaver, it exudes a white latex when the tissues are broken.
It is known to have been associated with agriculture in the Old World since early times. It has most of the characteristics of a successful weed of agriculture. These include an annual lifecycle that fits into that of most cereals, a tolerance of simple weed control methods, the ability to flower and seed itself before the crop is harvested.
The leaves and latex have an acrid taste and are mildly poisonous to grazing animals.
Its origin is not known for certain. As with many such plants, the area of origin is often ascribed by Americans to Europe, and by northern Europeans to southern Europe. The European Garden Flora suggests that it is ‘Eurasia and North Africa’; in other words, the lands where agriculture has been practiced since the earliest times. It has had an old symbolism and association with agricultural fertility.
Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves, Oil, Pollen, Root; Seed, Stem,
Edible Uses: Vegetable, Salad, Flour, Starch, Protein, Asparagus, Syrup,
Roots - raw or cooked. They can be boiled and eaten like potatoes or macerated and then boiled to yield a sweet syrup. The roots can also be dried and ground into a powder, this powder is rich in protein and can be mixed with wheat flour and then used for making bread, biscuits, muffins etc.. One hectare of this plant can produce 8 tons of flour from the rootstock. The plant is best harvested from late autumn to early spring since it is richest in starch at this time. The root contains about 80% carbohydrate (30 - 46% starch) and 6 - 8% protein. Young shoots in spring - raw or cooked. An asparagus substitute. They taste like cucumber. The shoots can still be used when they are up to 50cm long. Base of mature stem - raw or cooked. It is best to remove the outer part of the stem. It is called 'Cossack asparagus'. Immature flowering spike - raw, cooked or made into a soup. It tastes like sweet corn. Seed - raw or cooked. The seed is rather small and tedious to utilize, but has a pleasant nutty taste when roasted. The seed can be ground into a flour and used in making cakes etc.. An edible oil is obtained from the seed. Due to the small size of the seed this is probably not a very worthwhile crop. Pollen - raw or cooked. The pollen can be used as a protein rich additive to flour when making bread, porridge etc.. It can also be eaten with the young flowers, which makes it considerably easier to utilize. The pollen can be harvested by placing the flowering stem over a wide but shallow container and then gently tapping the stem and brushing the pollen off with a fine brush. This will help to pollinate the plant and thereby ensure that both pollen and seeds can be harvested.
MEDICINAL USES: Anticoagulant, Astringent, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Galactogogue, Hemostatic, Miscellany, Refrigerant, Sedative, Tonic, Vulnerary,
The leaves are diuretic. The leaves have been mixed with oil and used as a poultice on sores. The pollen is astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, hemostatic, refrigerant, sedative, suppurative and vulnerary. The dried pollen is said to be anticoagulant, but when roasted with charcoal it becomes hemostatic. It is used internally in the treatment of kidney stones, hemorrhage, painful menstruation, abnormal uterine bleeding, post-partum pains, abscesses and cancer of the lymphatic system. It should not be prescribed for pregnant women. Externally, it is used in the treatment of tapeworms, diarrhea and injuries. A decoction of the stems has been used in the treatment of whooping cough. The roots are diuretic, galactogogue, refrigerant and tonic. The roots are pounded into a jelly-like consistency and applied as a poultice to wounds, cuts, boils, sores, carbuncles, inflammations, burns and scalds. The flowers are used in the treatment of a wide range of ailments including abdominal pain, amenorrhea, cystitis, dysuria, metrorrhagia and vaginitis. The young flower heads are eaten as a treatment for diarrhea. The seed down has been used as a dressing on burns and scalds.
OTHER USES: Baby care, Biomass, Fiber, Insulation, Lighting, Miscellany, Oil, Paper, Soil stabilization, Stuffing, Thatching, Tinder, Weaving
The stems and leaves have many uses. Gathered in the autumn they make a good thatch, can be used in making paper, can be woven into mats, chairs, hats etc.. They are a good source of biomass, making an excellent addition to the compost heap or used as a source of fuel etc. The pulp of the plant can be converted into rayon. The stems can be used to make rush lights. The outer stem is removed except for a small strip about 10mm wide which acts as a spine to keep the stem erect. The stem is then soaked in oil and can be lit and used like a candle. The female flowers make an excellent tinder and can be lit from the spark of a flint. A fiber is obtained from the blossom stem and flowers. A fiber obtained from the leaves can be used for making paper The leaves are harvested in summer, autumn or winter and are soaked in water for 24 hours prior to cooking. The fibers are cooked for 2 hours with soda ash and then beaten in a ball mill for 1½ hours. They make a green or brown paper. The hairs of the fruits are used for stuffing pillows etc.. They have good insulating and buoyancy properties and have also been used as a wound dressing and a lining for babies diapers. The flowering stems can be dried and used for insulation, they also have good buoyancy properties. The pollen is highly flammable, it is used in making fireworks etc..
Crataegus monogyna
Famiglia: Rosaceae
Nome comune:Biancospino
Distribuzione:
Comune in Europa, Asia e Nord Africa; in Sardegna è molto comune.
Nell'antica Grecia e a Roma il Biancospino era considerato una pianta fortemente simbolica legata alle idee di speranza, matrimonio e fertilità.
Proprietà medicinali: diuretiche, ipotensive, astringenti, antispasmodiche, sedative, vaso- dilatatrici, antidiarroiche.
Il Biancospino viene utilizzato per placare il senso di angoscia e di oppressione e l'inquietudine.
Curiosità:
Il nome deriva dal greco “kratos” = duro per la resistenza del suo legno.
Viene spesso usato come portainnesto per il sorbo o il pero.
Crataegus monogyna
Family: Rosaceae
Common name: Hawthorn
distribution:
Common in Europe, Asia and North Africa, Sardinia is very common.
In ancient Greece and Rome, the hawthorn plant was considered a highly symbolic linked to the ideas of hope, marriage and fertility.
Medicinal Properties: diuretic, hypotensive, astringent, antispasmodic, sedative, vaso-dilator, anti-diarrheal.
The Hawthorn is used to appease the sense of anguish and oppression and unrest.
Trivia:
The name derives from the greek "kratos" = hard for the strength of its wood.
It is often used as a rootstock for pear or rowan.
Crataegus monogyna
Familia: Rosaceae
Nombre común: Espino
Distribución:
Común en Europa, Asia y el Norte de África, Cerdeña es muy común.
En la antigua Grecia y Roma, la planta de espino era considerado un gran simbolismo ligado a las ideas de la esperanza, el matrimonio y la fertilidad.
Propiedades Medicinales: diuréticas, hipotensoras, astringente, antiespasmódico, sedante, vaso-dilatadores, anti-diarreicos.
El espino se usa para aplacar la sensación de angustia y opresión y malestar.
Curiosidad:
El nombre deriva de las "kratos" griegas = duro para la fuerza de su madera.
A menudo se utiliza como patrón para la pera o el serbal.
Do you like Skoochie's sweater? Hahahaha! I thought it was hilarious, but really he has a nice thick coat of fur and does not need a sweater, so we gave it back to the little doggie who left it here.
Homeschooling, btw, is so much fun. We do so many cool projects, i get to learn some new stuff too, and i really feel like he is learning what i want him to learn. (Don't get scared, he's still learning all the basic 6th grade stuff.) It's just that the stuff he gets ride away we can glaze over, and spend extra time on the more important skills or the more interesting (like math and growing our own veggies!).
Right now we are gathering herbs, taping them to a card, and writing what we don't know about them on the back. For instance, catnip is used in a poultice for bruises, along with what we already knew of it being a mild sedative in tea or helping your digestion.
I am so, so glad we did this!!
Hahaha, look, a website picked this photo up to show off sweater weather:
nashvillest.com/2011/03/30/bright-early-this-cat-is-weari...
Manor Nursery, Angmering, West Sussex.
Mignonette (Reseda) is a genus of fragrant herbaceous plants native to the Mediterranean region and southwest Asia, from the Canary Islands and Iberia east to northwest India. The species include annuals, biennials and perennials, and grow to 40-130 cm tall. The leaves form a basal rosette at ground level, and then spirally arranged up the stem. The flowers are produced in a slender spike, each flower small (4-6 mm diameter), white, yellow, orange, or green, with four to six petals. The fruit is a small dry capsule containing several seeds.
Other common names include Weld (R. luteola), Dyer's Rocket, Bastard Rocket and Sweet Reseda.
Propagation is by seed, which is surface-sown directly into the garden or grass verge. The plant does not take well to transplanting and should not be moved after sowing.
Mignonette flowers are extremely fragrant. It is grown for the sweet ambrosial scent of its flowers. It is used in flower arrangements, perfumes and potpourri. A Victorian favourite, it was commonly grown in pots and in window-boxes to scent the city air. It was used as a sedative and a treatment for bruises in Roman times. The volatile oil is used in perfumery. The yellow dye was obtained from the roots of R. luteola by the first millennium BC, and perhaps earlier than either woad or madder. Use of this dye came to an end at the beginning of the twentieth century, when cheaper synthetic yellow dyes came into use.
Charles Darwin used R. odorata in his studies of self-fertilised plants, which he documented in The Effects of Cross and Self-Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom.
Actaea simplex 'Atropurpurea'
Common name "Snakeroot" because pioneers used the roots to treat rattlesnake bites. Some people still use snakeroot medicinally as a sedative.
Standing tall, about 8 feet tall so it is easy to get sky in the shot.
I just wanted the jar... <:D I haven't started on the actual tea yet, but if there's chamomille in it, it might be gross. IIRC.
Found in a hipster shop in a Brixton alley.
----------------------------
Vegan FAQ! :)
The Web Site the Meat Industry Doesn't Want You to See.
Please watch Earthlings.
Botanical name: Tectona grandis
- [ (tek-toh-nuh) possibly derived from vernacular name of the tree, tekku; (GRAN-dees) or (GRAN-dis) large, spectacular ]
Family: Verbenaceae (verbena, or vervain family)
- [ (ver-be-NAY-see-ay) the Verbena (vervain) family ]
Origin: South east Asia (mainly India, Myanmar and Java)
Common names of Tectona grandis:
Bengali: সেগুন seguna • Burmese: kyun • English: teak • French: teck • Hindi: सगुन sagun • Indonesia: jati, kembal, semarang • Italian: teck • Konkani: साग sag • Laos: may sak • Malay: djati • Manipuri: chingsoo • Marathi: साग sag, सागवान sagwan, साय saya, सायवान sayawan • Sanskrit: शाक shak • Spanish: teca • Tamil: தேக்கு tekku • Telugu: తకు teku • Thai: jat, sak • Vietnamese: gia thi • and, unknown: sagon saigon, saj, taku, kayum
According to ayurveda, wood is acrid, cooling, laxative, sedative to gravid uterus and useful in treatment of piles, leucoderma and dysentery. Flowers are acrid, bitter and dry and useful in bronchitis, biliousness, urinary discharges etc. Roots are useful in treatment of urinary system related troubles.
Courtesy:
Note: Identification or description may not be accurate; it is subject to your review.
Overview
Legend has it that yarrow (Achillea millefolium) was named after Achilles, the Greek mythical hero who used it to stop the bleeding in his soldiers' wounds. Popular in European folk medicine, yarrow contains flavonoids, plant-based chemicals that increase saliva and stomach acid to help improve digestion. Yarrow may also relax smooth muscle in the intestine and uterus, which can relieve stomach and menstrual cramps.
Few scientific studies have looked at yarrow as an herbal medicine. Traditionally, it was used in 3 ways:
Applied to the skin for wounds and minor bleeding
Taken by mouth to reduce inflammation, especially in the digestive tract
Taken as a sedative to relieve anxiety or insomnia
Today, yarrow is sometimes suggested for the following uses, although there is a lack of scientific evidence:
Loss of appetite
Indigestion or heartburn
As a diuretic, to increase urine flow
Amenorrhea (irregular menstrual cycle)
Menstrual cramps and pain
Muscle spasms
Inflammation
To fight infection
Fever (brings temperature down through sweating)
To reduce bleeding
Wound healing
Plant Description
Yarrow, a member of the aster family, is closely related to chrysanthemums and chamomile. It flourishes in a sunny and warm habitat, and is frequently found in meadows and along roadsides, as well as on dry, sunny slopes. It grows as a simple, upright, and hairy stem, usually under 3 feet. Yarrow blooms between June and September. The flowers are typically white, but either pink or pale purple flowers are common in mountain areas. The petals are densely arranged in flattened clusters, and the leaves look like feathers. The plant spreads rapidly. There is substantial genetic variation in the plant's beneficial properties.
Parts Used
The flowers, leaves, and stems of the yarrow plant are used as medicine. Yarrow is collected while in bloom.
Available Forms
Yarrow is available in the following forms:
Dried or fresh herb
Capsules or tablets
Tinctures
Liquid extracts
How to Take It
Pediatric
There have been no studies to determine whether yarrow is safe for children, so it is not recommended for pediatric use. Talk to your child's health care provider before giving yarrow to a child.
Adult
Ask your health care provider to help you determine a dose.
Precautions
The use of herbs is a time-honored approach to strengthening the body and treating disease. However, herbs can trigger side effects and interact with other herbs, supplements, or medications. For these reasons, you should take herbs with care, under the supervision of a health care provider.
If you are allergic to plants in the aster family (chrysanthemums, daisies, and ragweed), you may be allergic to yarrow, either taken by mouth or applied to the skin.
Yarrow may make your skin more sensitive to sunlight.
Pregnant women should not take yarrow. Its ability to relax the smooth muscle of the uterus could cause miscarriage. At least one study found that yarrow was associated with reduced fetal weight in rats. Other studies have shown an increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm among male rats treated with yarrow extract.
No studies have been done to know whether yarrow is safe in breastfeeding women. If you are nursing, talk to your health care provider before taking yarrow.
Possible Interactions
Because of the potential for side effects and interactions with medications, you should only take dietary supplements under the supervision of a knowledgeable health care provider.
Yarrow may interact with the following medications:
Blood-thinning medications -- High doses of yarrow may slow down blood clotting. If taken with medications that thin the blood, such as aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), and warfarin (Coumadin), it may raise the risk of bleeding.
Lithium -- Yarrow may increase the amount of lithium in the body, leading to dangerous levels.
Medications to reduce stomach acid -- Because yarrow may increase the production of stomach acid, it can interfere with both over-the-counter and prescription drugs, including:
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Famotidine (Pepcid)
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Esomeprazole (Nexium)
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
Medications for high blood pressure -- Yarrow may lower blood pressure slightly, and could strengthen the effects of prescription drugs taken to lower blood pressure.
Drugs that cause sleepiness -- Because yarrow is a mild sedative, it can increase the effects of other drugs you take for anxiety or sleepiness. These include:
Anticonvulsants, such as phenytoin (Dilantin)
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam (Xanax) and diazepam (Valium)
Drugs for insomnia, such as zolpidem (Ambien), zaleplon (Sonata), eszopiclone (Lunesta), ramelteon (Rozerem)
The American Linden trees (aka Basswood) are flowering in our neighborhood and when the wind blows in your direction the aroma is very sweet.
Our neighbor picks these then dries them in the sun to use for making a medicinal tea.
Linden flowers are used in colds, cough, fever, infections, inflammation, high blood pressure, headache (particularly migraine), as a diuretic (increases urine production), antispasmodic (reduces smooth muscle spasm along the digestive tract), and sedative. The flowers were added to baths to quell hysteria, and steeped as a tea to relieve anxiety-related indigestion, irregular heartbeat, and vomiting. The leaves are used to promote sweating to reduce fevers. The wood is used for liver and gallbladder disorders and cellulitis (inflammation of the skin and surrounding soft tissue). That wood burned to charcoal is ingested to treat intestinal disorders and used topically to treat edema or infection, such as cellulitis or ulcers of the lower leg.
Aussi appelée Belle de Nuit. Trouvée sur le Chemin de Mille-Isles. Young roots can be eaten like a vegetable (with a peppery flavor), or the shoots can be eaten as a salad. The whole plant was used to prepare an infusion with astringent and sedative properties. It was considered to be effective in healing asthmatic coughs, gastro-intestinal disorders, whooping cough and as a sedative pain-killer. Poultices containing O. biennis were at one time used to ease bruises and speed wound healing. One of the common names for Oenothera, "Kings cureall", reflects the wide range of healing powers ascribed to this plant, although it should be noted that its efficacy for these purposes has not been demonstrated in clinical trials. The mature seeds contain approximately 7-10% gamma-linolenic acid, a rare essential fatty acid. The oil also contains around 70% linoleic acid[11]. The O. biennis seed oil is used to reduce the pains of premenstrual stress syndrome. Gamma-linolenic acid also shows promise against breast cancer.[12]
A poppy is any of a number of showy flowers, typically with one per stem, belonging to the poppy family. They include a number of attractive wildflower species with showy flowers found growing singularly or in large groups.Those that are grown in gardens include large plants used in a mixed herbaceous border and small plants that are grown in rock or alpine gardens.
Papaver rhoeas is a species of flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae. It has a variety of common names, including the Corn Poppy, Field Poppy, Flanders Poppy, or Red Poppy, one of the many species and genera named poppy. The four petals are vivid red, most commonly with a black spot at their base. It is a variable annual plant, forming a long-lived soil seed bank that can germinate when the soil is disturbed. In the northern hemisphere it generally flowers in late spring, but if the weather is warm enough other flowers frequently appear at the beginning of autumn. Like many other species of its genus, it exudes a white latex when the tissues are broken.
Papavero è il nome comune di un genere (Papaver) di piante erbacee della famiglia delle Papaveraceae. Al genere appartengono 125 specie circa.Il papavero è considerato una pianta infestante. Papavero è il nome comune della specie Papaver rhoeas, comunissimo nei campi all'inizio dell'estate.
Il Papaver rhoeas, o comunemente papavero o rosolaccio, è una pianta erbacea annuale appartenente al genere Papaver. La specie, largamente diffusa in Italia, cresce normalmente in campi e sui bordi di strade e ferrovie ed è considerata una pianta infestante. Petali e semi possiedono leggere proprietà sedative.
È alta fino a 80 - 90 cm. Il fiore è rosso dai petali delicati e caduchi. Spesso macchiato di nero alla base in corrispondenza degli stami di colore nero. Il fusto è eretto, coperto di peli rigidi. Tagliato emette un liquido bianco. Foglie pennato partite sparse lungo il fusto. Il frutto è una capsula che contiene numerosi semi piccoli, reniformi e reticolati. Fuoriescono da un foro sotto lo stimma.I boccioli sono verdi a forma di oliva e penduli. Fiorisce in primavera da aprile fino a metà luglio.
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Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves, Oil, Pollen, Root; Seed, Stem,
Edible Uses: Vegetable, Salad, Flour, Starch, Protein, Asparagus, Syrup,
Roots - raw or cooked. They can be boiled and eaten like potatoes or macerated and then boiled to yield a sweet syrup. The roots can also be dried and ground into a powder, this powder is rich in protein and can be mixed with wheat flour and then used for making bread, biscuits, muffins etc.. One hectare of this plant can produce 8 tons of flour from the rootstock. The plant is best harvested from late autumn to early spring since it is richest in starch at this time. The root contains about 80% carbohydrate (30 - 46% starch) and 6 - 8% protein. Young shoots in spring - raw or cooked. An asparagus substitute. They taste like cucumber. The shoots can still be used when they are up to 50cm long. Base of mature stem - raw or cooked. It is best to remove the outer part of the stem. It is called 'Cossack asparagus'. Immature flowering spike - raw, cooked or made into a soup. It tastes like sweet corn. Seed - raw or cooked. The seed is rather small and tedious to utilize, but has a pleasant nutty taste when roasted. The seed can be ground into a flour and used in making cakes etc.. An edible oil is obtained from the seed. Due to the small size of the seed this is probably not a very worthwhile crop. Pollen - raw or cooked. The pollen can be used as a protein rich additive to flour when making bread, porridge etc.. It can also be eaten with the young flowers, which makes it considerably easier to utilize. The pollen can be harvested by placing the flowering stem over a wide but shallow container and then gently tapping the stem and brushing the pollen off with a fine brush. This will help to pollinate the plant and thereby ensure that both pollen and seeds can be harvested.
MEDICINAL USES: Anticoagulant, Astringent, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Galactogogue, Hemostatic, Miscellany, Refrigerant, Sedative, Tonic, Vulnerary,
The leaves are diuretic. The leaves have been mixed with oil and used as a poultice on sores. The pollen is astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, hemostatic, refrigerant, sedative, suppurative and vulnerary. The dried pollen is said to be anticoagulant, but when roasted with charcoal it becomes hemostatic. It is used internally in the treatment of kidney stones, hemorrhage, painful menstruation, abnormal uterine bleeding, post-partum pains, abscesses and cancer of the lymphatic system. It should not be prescribed for pregnant women. Externally, it is used in the treatment of tapeworms, diarrhea and injuries. A decoction of the stems has been used in the treatment of whooping cough. The roots are diuretic, galactogogue, refrigerant and tonic. The roots are pounded into a jelly-like consistency and applied as a poultice to wounds, cuts, boils, sores, carbuncles, inflammations, burns and scalds. The flowers are used in the treatment of a wide range of ailments including abdominal pain, amenorrhea, cystitis, dysuria, metrorrhagia and vaginitis. The young flower heads are eaten as a treatment for diarrhea. The seed down has been used as a dressing on burns and scalds.
OTHER USES: Baby care, Biomass, Fiber, Insulation, Lighting, Miscellany, Oil, Paper, Soil stabilization, Stuffing, Thatching, Tinder, Weaving
The stems and leaves have many uses. Gathered in the autumn they make a good thatch, can be used in making paper, can be woven into mats, chairs, hats etc.. They are a good source of biomass, making an excellent addition to the compost heap or used as a source of fuel etc. The pulp of the plant can be converted into rayon. The stems can be used to make rush lights. The outer stem is removed except for a small strip about 10mm wide which acts as a spine to keep the stem erect. The stem is then soaked in oil and can be lit and used like a candle. The female flowers make an excellent tinder and can be lit from the spark of a flint. A fiber is obtained from the blossom stem and flowers. A fiber obtained from the leaves can be used for making paper The leaves are harvested in summer, autumn or winter and are soaked in water for 24 hours prior to cooking. The fibers are cooked for 2 hours with soda ash and then beaten in a ball mill for 1½ hours. They make a green or brown paper. The hairs of the fruits are used for stuffing pillows etc.. They have good insulating and buoyancy properties and have also been used as a wound dressing and a lining for babies diapers. The flowering stems can be dried and used for insulation, they also have good buoyancy properties. The pollen is highly flammable, it is used in making fireworks etc..
A poppy is any of a number of showy flowers, typically with one per stem, belonging to the poppy family. They include a number of attractive wildflower species with showy flowers found growing singularly or in large groups.Those that are grown in gardens include large plants used in a mixed herbaceous border and small plants that are grown in rock or alpine gardens.
Papaver rhoeas is a species of flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae. It has a variety of common names, including the Corn Poppy, Field Poppy, Flanders Poppy, or Red Poppy, one of the many species and genera named poppy. The four petals are vivid red, most commonly with a black spot at their base. It is a variable annual plant, forming a long-lived soil seed bank that can germinate when the soil is disturbed. In the northern hemisphere it generally flowers in late spring, but if the weather is warm enough other flowers frequently appear at the beginning of autumn. Like many other species of its genus, it exudes a white latex when the tissues are broken.
Papavero è il nome comune di un genere (Papaver) di piante erbacee della famiglia delle Papaveraceae. Al genere appartengono 125 specie circa.Il papavero è considerato una pianta infestante. Papavero è il nome comune della specie Papaver rhoeas, comunissimo nei campi all'inizio dell'estate.
Il Papaver rhoeas, o comunemente papavero o rosolaccio, è una pianta erbacea annuale appartenente al genere Papaver. La specie, largamente diffusa in Italia, cresce normalmente in campi e sui bordi di strade e ferrovie ed è considerata una pianta infestante. Petali e semi possiedono leggere proprietà sedative.
È alta fino a 80 - 90 cm. Il fiore è rosso dai petali delicati e caduchi. Spesso macchiato di nero alla base in corrispondenza degli stami di colore nero. Il fusto è eretto, coperto di peli rigidi. Tagliato emette un liquido bianco. Foglie pennato partite sparse lungo il fusto. Il frutto è una capsula che contiene numerosi semi piccoli, reniformi e reticolati. Fuoriescono da un foro sotto lo stimma.I boccioli sono verdi a forma di oliva e penduli. Fiorisce in primavera da aprile fino a metà luglio.
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