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Stage 1 - Guzman is served the drugged wine containing the slow release powerful sedative by the Cuban asset dressed as a waitress while he is at dinner earlier that evening in the dining room of the hotel. The sedative has been supplied to her by Dr Cohen.
"Senor Guzman please try this vintage I am sure you will enjoy it" she says. She watches as he consumes the wine and has a slight smile on her face as her task is completed successfully.
After she sees Guzman leave the dining room. She watches him get into the lift and checks he is going up to his floor. She then makes a call to the pre-programmed number on the encrypted phone she was given. Carlin answers and she reports that Guzman has consumed the sedative and looks like he has returned to his suite. Then she says that later she will be in the backup SUV parked close to the hotel in case she is needed and wishes Carlin good luck. Carlin says "excellent work Manuela".
Guzman rides up in the lift and looks at himself in the mirror and thinks to himself 'ahead of talking to the Americans he needs to get his beard and moustache tidied up a bit'. When he returns to his suite he takes out a razor and beard trimmer and does so. He is now beginning to feel drowsy.
In the Spiny Desert between Fort Dauphin and Amboasary, in southern Madagascar.
Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy, Mexican prickly poppy, Cardo or Cardosanto) is a species of poppy in the family Papaveraceae. It is found in Mexico and now widely naturalized in the United States, India and Ethiopia. An annual herb with bright yellow sap, it has been used by many people including those in its native area, the Natives of the western US and parts of Mexico.
The seeds contain 22–36% of a pale yellow non-edible oil, called argemone oil or katkar oil, which contains the toxic alkaloids sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine. Four quaternary isoquinoline alkaloids, dehydrocorydalmine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine, and oxyberberine, have been isolated from the whole plant of Argemone mexicana.
The seeds resemble the seeds of Brassica nigra (mustard). As a result, mustard can be adulterated by argemone seeds, rendering it poisonous. Several significant instances of katkar poisoning have been reported in India, Fiji, South Africa and other countries. The last major outbreak in India occurred in 1998. 1% adulteration of mustard oil by argemone oil has been shown to cause clinical disease.
The Seri of Sonora, Mexico use the entire plant both fresh and dried. An infusion is made to relieve kidney pain, to help expel a torn placenta, and in general to help cleanse the body after parturition.
When the Spanish arrived in Sonora they added this plant to their pharmacopia and called it Cardosanto, which should not be mistranslated to blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus). Use in Hispanic cultures includes as a sedative and analgesiac tea, including for use to help alleviate migrane headaches. The seeds are taken as a laxative.
The seed-pods secrete a pale-yellow latex substance when cut open. This argemone resin contains berberine and protopine, and is used medicinally as a sedative.
Argemone mexicana is used by traditional healers in Mali to treat malaria.
The seed oil itself is used medicinally to treat dropsy, jaundice and skin diseases. Katkar oil poisoning causes epidemic dropsy, with symptoms including extreme swelling, particularly of the legs.
In Tamil it is called "kudiyottup poondu"(Tamil: குடியோட்டிப்பூண்டு) and in Siddha medicines it is widely used to cure, for example, venereal sores, scorpion bite, photophobia ("kan koochcham" in Tamil), leucorrhoea etc. The old Siddha text says in verse form which on translation will read like: "Raw sore, eczema in children, small itch and poisons Irritating cough, tooth ache and insect bite poisons Venereal induced rheumatism and copiuos urination Some people have used the leaves of Satyanashi with black-pepper to cure diabetes and got rid of it for ever with Argemone mexicana all come to termination."
Fundy National Park, New Brunswick, Canada.
Viburnum opulus (Guelder Rose, Water Elder, European Cranberrybush, Cramp Bark, Snowball Tree) is a species of Viburnum, native to Europe and Asia. Some botanists also treat the closely related North American species Viburnum trilobum as a variety of it (as Viburnum opulus var. americanum), or a subspecies, Viburnum opulus subsp. trilobum.
The common name 'Guelder Rose' appears to have originated because a popular cultivar, the Snowball tree supposedly first originated in the Dutch province of Gelderland.
It is a deciduous shrub growing to 4-5 m tall. The leaves are opposite, three-lobed, 5-10 cm long and broad, with a rounded base and coarsely serrated margins. They are superficially similar to the leaves of some maples, most easily distinguished by their somewhat wrinkled surface with impressed leaf venation. The leaf buds are green, with are valvate bud scales.
The hermaphrodite flowers are white, produced in corymbs 4-11 cm diameter at the top of the stems. Each corymb comprises a ring of outer sterile flowers with conspicuous petals, surrounding a center of small fertile flowers. The flowers are produced in early summer, and pollinated by insects.
The fruit is a globose bright red drupe 7-10 mm diameter, containing a single seed. The seeds are dispersed by birds.
It is commonly grown as an ornamental plant for its flowers and berries, growing best on moist, moderately alkaline soils, though tolerating most soil types well. Several cultivars have been selected, including 'Roseum' (synonym 'Sterile', 'Snowball'), in which all the flowers are only of the larger sterile type, with globular flower heads. There is some confusion, as there are a few other bushes, including other members of the Viburnum genus, also referred to as "snowball bush".
The shrub is also cultivated as a component of hedgerows, cover plantings, and as part of other naturalistic plantings in its native regions.
It is naturalised in North America, where it has been misleadingly re-named as "European Cranberrybush" (it is not a cranberry).
The fruit is edible in small quantities, with a very acidic taste - they can be used to make jelly. It is however very mildly toxic, and may cause vomiting or diarrhea if eaten in large amounts. This can be reduced by drying the berries first.
The dried bark is used in a tincture, known as "Cramp Bark," to alleviate painful menstrual cramps.
This herb is often used for treating feminine problems like menstrual cramps, postpartum discomfort, preventing miscarriages and internal hemorrhages and is used as a uterine sedative also. Additionally, it has a reputation for lowering diastolic blood pressure because of a reputed action on smooth muscle, and is both a smooth and skeletal muscle relaxant and antispasmodic.
The Viburnum opulus (Kalyna) is the National symbol of Ukraine. Mentioning of the bush can be traced throughout the Ukrainian folklore such as songs, picturesque art, Ukrainian embroidery, and others. Chervona Kalyna was the anthem of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Kalyna Country is an ecomuseum in Canada.
This bush symbolical roots are traced into the Slavic paganism of millennia ago. According to a legend Kalyna was associated with the birth of the Universe, the so-called Fire Trinity: the Sun, the Moon, and the Star. Its berries symbolize blood and undying trace of family roots. Kalyna is often depicted on the Ukrainian embroidery: towels and shirts. In Slavic paganism kalyna also represents a beauty of a younger lady which very well rhymes in the Ukrainian language: Ka-ly-na - Div-chy-na. That consistency was reviewed by numerous Ukrainian folklorists such as Nikolay Kostomarov, Aleksandr Potebnia (founder of the Kharkiv Linguistic School).
Watercolour lotus tattoo designs are widely preferred by tattoo lovers all around the world. Popular amongst both, men and women, lotus design is not only revered for its beauty, but also reflects a deeper spiritual meaning. The flower grows in muddy water, yet symbolises purity and harmony. As a tattoo design too, lotus stands for the same attributes in human nature and depicts the thoughts and attitude of the bearer.As said before, lotus flower is associated with different meanings in different cultures and religions.
Aside from the Victorian and contemporary meanings for the Lotus, there is a wealth of symbolism tying these flowers to Hinduism, Buddhism, and the ancient Egyptian’s religious practices. The ancient Egyptians used the plant extensively as a symbol in the paintings and carvings left on the walls of temples and tombs. Scholars believe the Egyptians viewed the Lotus as a symbol of rebirth because it appeared to sink at night and rise again in the morning. It is now known the plant simply loses old blooms and adds new ones on a daily cycle, but it is still a potent reminder of reincarnation and the mysteries of the afterlife. The priests and other religious leaders also brewed the flowers to make a tea with sedative and mild psychotropic effects, which heightened their sense for ritual work.
Buddhism Culture – According to Buddhist religion, lotus defines purity and piousness of the soul,Patience,Mysticism,Direct Spiritual Contact,Emptiness from Desire,Victory over Attachments,Enlightenment and the Bodhi State,Love and Compassion for All Things,Self-Awareness,Faithfulness During Spiritual Development,Rising Out of Suffering as the flower grows in a muddy area, yet maintains its purity. The belief is based on the fact that you will find a perfectly complete miniatures lotus plant within a seed, which implies that even a human being is born complete and yearns for perfection through his journey of life. Also, Buddhism has meanings for various colours of lotus flowers, as a red coloured lotus stands for the heart, which implies love and passion. Similarly, a pink lotus represents devotion towards the divine, while a blue one stands for learning and intelligence. A purple lotus defines mysticism, besides being a symbol of the eight fold path laid down by the religion, which is reflected through its eight petals. A white coloured lotus implies purity and peace, both at spiritual as well as intellectual level. The Buddhist mythology says that the Buddha was born from this pure flower and had white heart, which represented his pious soul. Just as a lotus sheds its flowers and seeds together, it signifies a noble soul which guides the other souls on the Earth along the path of Nirvana.
Egyptian Culture – The ancient Egyptian cultures sees lotus as a symbol of beginning of life and reincarnation, as the mythology of this culture narrates that origination of life on earth was marked by the blooming of this mystical flower from the sea.
Chinese Culture – The Chinese culture sees lotus as a flower with perfect beauty stands as a source of inspiration for poets and artists since times immemorial. Lotus is recognized as a symbol of pure feminine beauty and reflects marital harmony when talking about personal relationships.
Western Culture – The Western culture has a similar kind of reflection of this charming flower, because it denotes new beginning and rebirth as it is reflects divine conception. It also links lotus flower with the search of true meaning of life.
The Lotus meaning in Hinduism is a little different. As ideas were exchanged with Buddhists for thousands of years, Hindu religious leaders began to use the flower as a symbol of peace and eternity. White lotus flowers are usually seen under the feet of deities like Lakshmi, Ganesha, and Saraswati. Brahma, the ultimate creator, emerges from a Lotus as well. This sense of purity arises from the flower’s growing habit of rooting in mud and pushing up through the water to bloom.
(History.com) On August 5, 1962, movie actress Marilyn Monroe is found dead in her home in Los Angeles. She was discovered lying nude on her bed, face down, with a telephone in one hand. Empty bottles of pills, prescribed to treat her depression, were littered around the room. After a brief investigation, Los Angeles police concluded that her death was "caused by a self-administered overdose of sedative drugs and that the mode of death is probable suicide."
Marilyn Monroe was born Norma Jean Mortenson in Los Angeles on June 1, 1926. Her mother was emotionally unstable and frequently confined to an asylum, so Norma Jean was reared by a succession of foster parents and in an orphanage. At the age of 16, she married a fellow worker in an aircraft factory, but they divorced a few years later. She took up modeling in 1944 and in 1946 signed a short-term contract with 20th Century Fox, taking as her screen name Marilyn Monroe. She had a few bit parts and then returned to modeling, famously posing nude for a calendar in 1949.
She began to attract attention as an actress in 1950 after appearing in minor roles in the The Asphalt Jungle and All About Eve. Although she was onscreen only briefly playing a mistress in both films, audiences took note of the blonde bombshell, and she won a new contract from Fox. Her acting career took off in the early 1950s with performances in Love Nest (1951), Monkey Business (1952), and Niagara (1953). Celebrated for her voluptuousness and wide-eyed charm, she won international fame for her sex-symbol roles in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953), How to Marry a Millionaire (1953), and There's No Business Like Show Business (1954). The Seven-Year Itch (1955) showcased her comedic talents and features the classic scene where she stands over a subway grating and has her white skirt billowed up by the wind from a passing train. In 1954, she married baseball great Joe DiMaggio, attracting further publicity, but they divorced eight months later.
In 1955, she studied with Lee Strasberg at the Actors Studio in New York City and subsequently gave a strong performance as a hapless entertainer in Bus Stop (1956). In 1956, she married playwright Arthur Miller. She made The Prince and the Showgirl--a critical and commercial failure--with Laurence Olivier in 1957 but in 1959 gave an acclaimed performance in the hit comedy Some Like It Hot. Her last role, in The Misfits (1961), was directed by John Huston and written by Miller, whom she divorced just one week before the film's opening.
By 1961, Monroe, beset by depression, was under the constant care of a psychiatrist. Increasingly erratic in the last months of her life, she lived as a virtual recluse in her Brentwood, Los Angeles, home. After midnight on August 5, 1962, her maid, Eunice Murray, noticed Monroe's bedroom light on. When Murray found the door locked and Marilyn unresponsive to her calls, she called Monroe's psychiatrist, Dr. Ralph Greenson, who gained access to the room by breaking a window. Entering, he found Marilyn dead, and the police were called sometime after. An autopsy found a fatal amount of sedatives in her system, and her death was ruled probable suicide.
In recent decades, there have been a number of conspiracy theories about her death, most of which contend that she was murdered by John and/or Robert Kennedy, with whom she allegedly had love affairs. These theories claim that the Kennedys killed her (or had her killed) because they feared she would make public their love affairs and other government secrets she was gathering. On August 4, 1962, Robert Kennedy, then attorney general in his older brother's cabinet, was in fact in Los Angeles. Two decades after the fact, Monroe's housekeeper, Eunice Murray, announced for the first time that the attorney general had visited Marilyn on the night of her death and quarreled with her, but the reliability of these and other statements made by Murray are questionable.
Four decades after her death, Marilyn Monroe remains a major cultural icon. The unknown details of her final performance only add to her mystique.
In the Russian-Ukrainian war from February to the present, the stage of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The invasion was the largest war in Europe since World War II.
World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War - World War III, Nuclear War, Space War (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 revised version, multilingual comparison global network version)
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World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War - World War III, Nuclear War, Space War (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 revised version, multilingual comparison of the global network version) once the edition came out, immediately got the praise of readers and netizens around the world. In order to meet the needs of hundreds of millions of people, the author has revised and republished it for the benefit of readers and netizens.
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Fang Ruida, leader international mondial, parle de la paix mondiale et de la guerre - Troisième Guerre mondiale, guerre nucléaire, guerre spatiale (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 version révisée, comparaison multilingue de la version du réseau mondial) une fois l’édition sortie, a immédiatement reçu les éloges des lecteurs et des internautes du monde entier. Afin de répondre aux besoins de centaines de millions de personnes, l’auteur l’a révisé et republié au profit des lecteurs et des internautes.
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World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War--The Third World War, Nuclear War, Space War
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In the 20th century, science and technology have been highly developed, social productivity has advanced by leaps and bounds, and the modern civilization and free rational cognitive perception of human society have gradually developed and changed. Human society has opened up a new planetary civilization, which is an inevitable trend of history. Of course, today's human society also It presents various crises and challenges, clashes of civilizations, geopolitics, territorial disputes, spheres of influence, fetishism, political and economic systems, economic models, etc. as well as climate change, resource environment, population growth, wealth gap, plague Viruses, natural disasters, religious beliefs, racial discrimination, vicious competition, even armed war or nuclear war, etc. Countries such as the United States, China, Russia, Europe, India and Pakistan are among them. Without contradiction and competition, there would be no world, and similarly, without peace and compromise There will be no world if you share wealth with each other. Take one step or two steps back, and the sky will be vast. Nuclear weapons are very powerful and worth mentioning. However, the competition between countries and ethnic groups, in the final analysis, mainly lies in economic and political civilization, and of course also includes land, population, resources, etc. Culture, technology, military, influence, sphere of influence, etc. War is just an important unconventional form, just like animal fighting and killing. However, whether animal groups fight inside or outside, there is also considerable compromise and sharing. Otherwise, Animal species groups will also completely disappear or perish. The same is true for the evolutionary history of human society. There is no doubt about it. Whether you are a politician, a military strategist, or a philosopher, a thinker or a sociologist, Anthropologists, no exception.
After World War II, the world formed a Cold War situation: the two major military organizations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact Organization (Warsaw Pact), began to expand their arms and prepare for war. The United States and the Soviet Union launched an arms race and had nuclear weapons reserves. Vulnerable states will rely on the military protection of great powers as a way to maintain their own security.
The phrase World War III began to appear in communiqués between leaders of various countries. With a large number of high-tech applications in the military field, especially the extensive development and proliferation of nuclear weapons, people have provided a great space for the imagination of the third world war: some people think that the third world war will be a scale that spreads all over the world. The world's nuclear war, this war will become the greatest catastrophe in the history of human civilization. The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 was once considered the closest crisis in human history to World War III: a confrontation between two powers with unprecedented nuclear power that lasted for decades in the Caribbean Sea. Although the incident was resolved smoothly, full-scale nuclear war has since become a nickname for World War III.
With the development of the world, more and more people believe that the third world war will become a historical term that will never appear, or a war that will not happen in a visible period of time, all because of the balance of power between the United States and the Soviet Union. And implement a policy of mutually assured destruction so that war does not break out.
The Third World War is an imaginary large-scale war in the next world. During the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, if a war broke out between the two sides, its seriousness could be called the Third World War, but fortunately, both sides tried their best to War was avoided, and neither side broke out until the end of the Cold War. So far, the three wars have only been speculated and imagined, and they have not broken out, but once they break out, they will seriously affect everyone on the earth. After the great ordeal of the Cold War, the Soviet Union yearned for peace and opposed war.
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With a large number of high-tech applications in the military field, especially the extensive development and proliferation of nuclear weapons, people have provided great space for the imagination of the third world war - some people believe that the third world war will be a large-scale The nuclear war in the world will become the greatest catastrophe in the history of human civilization. Among them, the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 was once considered to be the crisis closest to the Third World War in human history - the confrontation between two great powers with unprecedented nuclear forces in the Caribbean Sea lasted for dozens of days, bringing the possibility of war to the ground. Raised to unprecedented heights.
From different perspectives, there are many reasons for the outbreak of the Third World War, and the government and the people have different views, such as the war launched by the former Soviet Union against the West, the rise of China, and the war in the Middle East.
There are many different reasons for the outbreak of wars, and the camps are also different. It is believed that some countries will use the atomic bomb, and the war may extend into space. The war broke out because, for example, the United States suppressed a rising China. Military conflict between India, Vietnam, the Philippines and China, Israel and Middle East countries, Middle East or Iran and European and American countries, North Korea nuclear attack on South Korea or Japan, China and South Korea discord, military conflict broke out, the United States returned to the Asia-Pacific region affected by Asia State conflict, etc. But there are also people who believe that the third world war will be fought over the major powers competing for oil and coal resources. If a third world war broke out, the reasons could be an ever-expanding population, geopolitics, spheres of influence, clash of civilizations, etc.
Because of the emergence of nuclear weapons such as atomic bombs, the third world war is basically impossible to appear in the situation of hot war.
There is a global nuclear war on the earth, and the world has launched atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs with a nuclear yield of more than 20 billion tons of TNT. Complete
Geography, climate and environment: Due to the radioactive pollution caused by nuclear explosions, most animals are sacrificed, and only creatures on the seabed and low-level life are likely to survive, various chemical reactions pollute the atmosphere, sunlight is hindered, the temperature of the earth is lowered, and the equator has dropped to freezing point Below, human architecture will disappear in the next few hundred years.
Impact on people and species: most people have become extinct, some animals on the ground have become extinct, and some animals and plants have mutated
The man who almost became the emperor of all Europe, he made all Europe tremble.
Guderian (Germany) the father of the tank.
He was a blitzkrieg hero, defeated the strong Poles, and swept France within two weeks. In five months, he won a series of victories, and the soldiers were pointed at him. up to two million people.
Julius Caesar (Ancient Rome) Symbol of ancient Rome.
He fought in Gaul, and he competed with Pompey for the hegemony. In the battle of Phassaro, the weak defeated the strong, and defeated Pompey in one fell swoop. After that, no one could match the enemy. Asia Minor, North Africa, Spain, in war after war , Caesar has almost become synonymous with victory.
Khalid (Arabian) Sword of Allah.
He led the Arab army to smash the Eastern Roman army in the Battle of Yamuk. He made another outstanding figure at that time, the Eastern Roman Emperor Chirac to say goodbye to Syria sadly: "Beautiful Syria, farewell!"
Suvorov (Russia) the first player in Russian history.
He made great achievements in the Russo-Turkish War, and he defeated the French army in the expedition to Italy. He was the only commander in Napoleon's era who could rival Napoleon. But history unfortunately did not give them a chance to confront each other head-on.
Hannibal (Carthage) Lone Hero.
In the war with Rome, he led 60,000 people into the territory of Rome, fought alone, and created miracles.
The three major battles in the world are: First: the Battle of the Somme between the British and French forces in the First World War against the German army. It lasted half a year. The two sides invested more than 1.5 million troops, and the number of casualties reached an astonishing 1.3 million. The battle was fought by the British and French forces. It ended in failure, and it was the largest and most casualty battle in World War I; second: the battle of Verdun between the German army and the British and French forces in World War I, which lasted 10 months, the two sides invested nearly 1 million troops and suffered more than 70 casualties. 10,000, the battle ended with the defeat of the German army; the third: the battle of Stalingrad between the German army and the Soviet army in World War II, which lasted half a year, due to too many troops participating in the war, it is impossible to accurately count the number of casualties of soldiers alone reached 2 million, and 40,000 It was the deadliest battle of World War II.
"The Art of War"
"Sun Tzu's Art of War" is the most famous military book in ancient China and the earliest extant "Sacred Book of Military Studies" in the world. The author Sun Wu, also known as Sun Tzu or Sun Wuzi, courtesy name Changqing, was a native of Le'an (now Huimin County, Shandong) in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Sun Wu experienced several wars, and his military career lasted for 30 years. "Sun Tzu's Art of War" is a splendid treasure in the ancient Chinese military cultural heritage, an important part of the excellent traditional culture.
"Theory of War"
"On War" is known as the classic work of modern Western military theory, the author is Karl von Clausewitz. "Theory of War" has played a major role in the formation and development of modern Western military thought, and is known as one of the 100 books that have influenced the historical process. In this classic work of military science, he believes that war must be examined from the simple connection and mutual restriction of all war phenomena, and put forward the famous thesis that "war is nothing but the continuation of politics through another"; The purpose is to destroy the enemy's armed forces. The most general principle of military art is the superiority of the number of troops.
"Grand Strategy"
The full name of "Grand Strategy" is "Grand Strategy: Principles and Practice", the author John Collins (John Co11ins) is a famous American strategic theorist. book. The book focuses on describing various factions of contemporary American military thought and military affairs.
"The Influence of Sea Power on History"
"The Influence of Sea Power on History" is the first part of Mahan's "Sea Power Theory Trilogy", and it is also the first successful work of Mahan's theory of sea power. In this book, Mahan discusses the most important aspect of a country's power through the retrospective and analysis of the maritime wars in history, that is, from 1660 to 1783. Mahan's Sea Power Theory.
"Strategy"
"Strategy" by Reed Hart. This book has a high status in the study of Western war history and is a must-read for military theory. Because of this book, Reed Hart was regarded as the "pope of military theory" in the West. The author makes a detailed analysis using rich historical materials. "Strategy Theory" has high historical value. Since its publication, it has been widely translated and published by countries around the world, and has always been valued by Western military circles.
"Air Dominance"
"Air Dominance" was also translated into "Theory of Air Dominance" and "Theory of Air Force Strategy", which proposed the idea of air dominance. Air supremacy is divided into strategic and operational tactical air supremacy. Mastery of the air can have a major impact on the outcome of a war.
"The Science of Winning"
"The Science of Winning" was written by Marshal Suvorov of the Russian Empire. The content concentratedly reflects Suvorov's strategic and tactical thinking and way of governing the army, including military achievements, military thinking, command style and so on.
"Military Strategy"
In the early 1960s, the Soviet Union published the book "Military Strategy". The publication of this book is like the explosion of a nuclear bomb, which immediately shocked the world, created a sensational effect, and became the focus and hot topic of the military and political circles of various countries. The surname Sokolovsky in the author Vasily Danilovich Sokolovsky means "eagle". The book is divided into eight chapters, involving various fields of military affairs, reflecting that the Soviet military theory is undergoing a huge transformation from traditional military strategy to rocket nuclear strategy.
Introduction to the Art of War
"An Introduction to the Art of War" by A. H. Jomini. This book is divided into seven chapters and forty-seven sections.
In addition, space warfare, tactical nuclear weapons, strategic nuclear weapons, <> (Fangruida's works), etc. There are also many other works that are well-known all over the world. Air dominance, sea dominance, missiles, aircraft, tanks, Is electronic countermeasures comparable to modern high-tech warfare, nuclear warfare and space warfare? The answer is no. Will there be crooks and lunatics in the world? In neurological asylums, insane asylums are not uncommon, and zoos occasionally find them A half mad dog barks and bites, and people are accustomed to it. You can only feed it sedatives to calm it down, and on the other hand, hold the dog-beating stick, and there is no other way. Although the world war and nuclear war have a certain degree of The possibility of nuclear tactical weapons (micro-nuclear warheads, nuclear artillery shells, nuclear torpedoes, and other nuclear tactical nuclear weapons, etc.) may occur on one side. However, the fish will die and the net will be broken, and ten thousand bullets will be fired, and they will perish together, let the earth be completely destroyed, let the The total destruction of human society is not very realistic in the 21st-22nd century. If the earth does not exist, then everything becomes meaningless. Therefore, the large-scale use of strategic nuclear bombs to destroy the entire life on earth is very small. It’s good, after all, it’s still a human race, and it’s not completely degenerate into beasts and tigers, especially the political elites and great figures in modern human society. Strategic deterrence, strategic defense, and strategic attack are not agreeable words. Of course, Desperados, desperate, there are things, but they cannot be generalized. Are there really madmen and sages and gods in the world, hundreds of trillions of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs are launched, the earth, the moon, Mars, Jupiter, the sun, the Milky Way, black holes, The Milky Way, ...... is fleeting, isn't this the myth of the Big Bang that created the universe? This is probably only known to God and Zeus.
A soldier who does not want to be a general is not a good soldier---Napoleon (France)
A soldier's best destination is to be killed by the last bullet in the last battle - Patton (United States)
Only those who are not afraid of death deserve to live - MacArthur (United States) If I know that there is a minefield on the way forward, I will let the troops go directly to it-----Zhukov (Soviet Union)
Whoever fires first and can make the most intense concentrated fire will win - Rommel (Germany)
"The conflict of World War II across the theater was the 20th century with unprecedented casualties and devastation. An estimated 80 million to 120 million people died in the war.
Affected countries First World War Second World War
Deaths 20 million 72-100 million
Injured 20 million 35 million
Conscription 70 million 110 million
Battlefield size 4 million square kilometers 22 million square kilometers
World wars profoundly affected the course of world history, the old European empires were destroyed or divided or severely damaged, the direct cause was the staggering cost of the war, or in some cases defeat by the great powers, the war weakened or even cut off the main colonial powers and colonies. The connection made the colonies operate in a semi-autonomous state. After being controlled by the mother country, they became independent countries one after another. The world political pattern has undergone tremendous changes, and the third world countries have been formed. Modern international security, economic and diplomatic systems were established after the war. Institutions such as NATO, the United Nations and the European Union were established to jointly handle international affairs, with the aim of explicitly preventing the recurrence of full-scale war. War also dramatically changed everyday life. Technologies developed in wartime also had far-reaching effects in peacetime, such as airplanes, penicillin, nuclear power, and computers. "(quoted from Wiki)
All kinds of battles and conflicts, sometimes hostile parties compromise with each other, and resolve various disputes through peaceful negotiation; Of course, from the perspective of the development and changes of the entire human society, the trend of peaceful development is always the mainstream, and the state of war is not the mainstream norm after all. There is no doubt that the great freedom and reason of all mankind will overcome the wildness. Otherwise, human society will collapse. It will be completely destroyed. Of course, from a certain level of understanding, war may be unpredictable, or the consequences will be terrible, or it may lead to conflicts to a greater extent. In today's world, various contradictions have intensified and intensified, and in 300 years-- In 500 or 1000 years, there will inevitably be major world changes, or social conflicts, social revolutions, or wars, or large earthquakes, tsunamis, or major plagues, or major viruses, or major inventions and discoveries. , (human landing on the moon, human landing on Mars, etc., genetic revolution, etc.), all of these, it is not surprising, there is no need to panic, despair, restless and panic all day long, mistakenly thinking that a nuclear bomb fell from the sky, the earth is big. Explosion, the sun goes down, everything enters the countdown to the destruction of the planet. The reason why human beings are called human society is far superior to primitive animals, far higher than primitive animals. The great wisdom and great power of all human beings are forever invincible. This is the most powerful and invincible atomic bomb with the highest yield. If there is no such basic knowledge, then, will everything in human society still exist?
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World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War--The Third World War, Nuclear War, Space War , a great scientist, philosopher, thinker, sociologist, anthropologist, cosmologist, military engineer, nuclear energy expert, and world-renowned. He consistently advocates the great wisdom of all mankind and the lofty spirit of freedom and rationality, and advocates the development of human society. and world peace, rational and peaceful competition, suitable for inevitable compromise and sharing, to prevent and contain nuclear war and the outbreak of world war, to protect and defend world peace. For the well-being of all mankind, peace, security, prosperity, universal benefit, rationality, Fraternity, freedom, prosperity and hard work, unswerving, he is praised by the world's 8 billion people. Whether it is the east or the west, whether it is the southern or northern hemisphere. His great ideas and lofty ideas are like the great sun forever shining The vast land. This is the core content of this article. (Bick November 2021, revised in 2022)
Fang Ruida, leader international mondial, parle de la paix mondiale et de la guerre - Troisième Guerre mondiale, guerre nucléaire, guerre spatiale (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 version révisée, comparaison multilingue version du réseau mondial)
Leader mondial Leader international Fang Ruida sur la paix et la guerre mondiales - la troisième guerre mondiale, la guerre nucléaire, la guerre spatiale
quote
Viburnum opulus
Food Uses of Guelder Rose
Can be used instead of shop bought cranberries.
The fruits have been eaten in traditional dishes in parts of Europe and in Russia. In Russia, the fruits were eaten fresh, added to porridge, baked, made into jams, jellies, marmalades, pastes, mousse, pie fillings, vinegar and condiments.
The fruits were also used as a substitute for tea or coffee.
Herbal Medicine Uses of Guelder Rose
The bark of guelder rose is antispasmodic and sedative. It has been used by women to calm menstrual cramps for hundreds of years, but there are no clinical trials about its use.
The bark has been used to treat very painful menstrual flows (such as dysmenorrhoea), endometriosis (a painful condition when pieces of the endometrium grow outside the uterus in the pelvis or abdominal wall), or fibroids.
The plant chemistry contains viopudial, a compound that relaxes smooth muscle and lowers blood pressure.
While the plant has had many other uses in herbal medicine, its primary use is as a muscle relaxant. To this end, the bark can also be used to relieve hiccups, and pain and spasms in muscles, stomach and intestines.
Houblon sauvage.
C'est une liane vivace qui s'enroule autour d'un support.
Les cônes (inflorescences femelles), sont utilisés pour aromatiser la bière depuis le XIIe siècle.
L'abbesse Hildegarde von Bingen (1099-1179) découvrit les vertus aseptisantes et conservatrices du houblon permettant à la bière de mieux se conserver. «L'amertume du houblon combat certaines fermentations nuisibles dans les boissons et permet de les conserver plus longtemps», écrit-elle.
Le houblon a des propriétés sédatives et hypnotiques.
On a observé que les récolteurs de houblon avaient tendance à s'endormir au travail.
Le houblon renferme aussi des substances proches des oestrogènes.
Il paraît que les femmes qui participent à sa cueillette sont réglées deux jours après, quelle que soit la période de leur cycle.
Au Moyen Âge les moines vont mener à bien de multiples expérimentations sur la fabrication et l'aromatisation de la bière. On avait toutes sortes de bières: bière à l'écorce de chêne, gentiane, coriandre, sauge. Le houblon va finir par s'imposer.
Jean Sans Peur, duc de Bourgogne, imposa le houblon comme arôme principal de la bière. Jean Sans Peur meurt en 1419 après avoir créé l'ordre du Houblon.
Hildegarde de Bingen, religieuse, compositrice et femme de lettres, sera faite "docteur de l'Eglise" par Benoît XVI le 7 octobre 2012. Sa fête est le 17 septembre.
landderhildegard.de/download/1_antiphon.mp3
Hops.
It is a perennial liana wraps around a support.
Cones (female inflorescences), are used to flavor beer since the twelfth century.
The abbess Hildegard von Bingen (1099-1179) discovered the aseptisantes and conservative virtues of hops to the beer better preserved. "The bitterness of hops fight certain harmful fermentation in drinks and can keep longer," she wrote.
Hops has sedative and hypnotic properties.
It was observed that the hop pickers tended to fall asleep at work.
Hops also contain substances similar to estrogen.
It seems that women who participate in its picking are menstruating two days later, regardless of the period of their cycle.
In the Middle Ages the monks will carry out multiple experiments on the manufacture and flavoring beer. We had all different beers: beer with oak bark, gentian, coriander, sage. Hops will eventually prevail.
Jean sans Peur, Duke of Burgundy, imposed hops as the main flavor of the beer. John the Fearless died in 1419 after creating the order of Hops.
Hildegard of Bingen, religious, composer and woman of letters, will be made "Doctor of the Church" by Pope Benedict XVI Oct. 7, 2012. His feast day is September 17.
In the Russian-Ukrainian war from February to the present, the stage of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The invasion was the largest war in Europe since World War II.
World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War - World War III, Nuclear War, Space War (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 revised version, multilingual comparison global network version)
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World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War - World War III, Nuclear War, Space War (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 revised version, multilingual comparison of the global network version) once the edition came out, immediately got the praise of readers and netizens around the world. In order to meet the needs of hundreds of millions of people, the author has revised and republished it for the benefit of readers and netizens.
Bick. S
Fang Ruida, leader international mondial, parle de la paix mondiale et de la guerre - Troisième Guerre mondiale, guerre nucléaire, guerre spatiale (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 version révisée, comparaison multilingue de la version du réseau mondial) une fois l’édition sortie, a immédiatement reçu les éloges des lecteurs et des internautes du monde entier. Afin de répondre aux besoins de centaines de millions de personnes, l’auteur l’a révisé et republié au profit des lecteurs et des internautes.
Bick. S
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World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War--The Third World War, Nuclear War, Space War
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21-22
In the 20th century, science and technology have been highly developed, social productivity has advanced by leaps and bounds, and the modern civilization and free rational cognitive perception of human society have gradually developed and changed. Human society has opened up a new planetary civilization, which is an inevitable trend of history. Of course, today's human society also It presents various crises and challenges, clashes of civilizations, geopolitics, territorial disputes, spheres of influence, fetishism, political and economic systems, economic models, etc. as well as climate change, resource environment, population growth, wealth gap, plague Viruses, natural disasters, religious beliefs, racial discrimination, vicious competition, even armed war or nuclear war, etc. Countries such as the United States, China, Russia, Europe, India and Pakistan are among them. Without contradiction and competition, there would be no world, and similarly, without peace and compromise There will be no world if you share wealth with each other. Take one step or two steps back, and the sky will be vast. Nuclear weapons are very powerful and worth mentioning. However, the competition between countries and ethnic groups, in the final analysis, mainly lies in economic and political civilization, and of course also includes land, population, resources, etc. Culture, technology, military, influence, sphere of influence, etc. War is just an important unconventional form, just like animal fighting and killing. However, whether animal groups fight inside or outside, there is also considerable compromise and sharing. Otherwise, Animal species groups will also completely disappear or perish. The same is true for the evolutionary history of human society. There is no doubt about it. Whether you are a politician, a military strategist, or a philosopher, a thinker or a sociologist, Anthropologists, no exception.
After World War II, the world formed a Cold War situation: the two major military organizations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact Organization (Warsaw Pact), began to expand their arms and prepare for war. The United States and the Soviet Union launched an arms race and had nuclear weapons reserves. Vulnerable states will rely on the military protection of great powers as a way to maintain their own security.
The phrase World War III began to appear in communiqués between leaders of various countries. With a large number of high-tech applications in the military field, especially the extensive development and proliferation of nuclear weapons, people have provided a great space for the imagination of the third world war: some people think that the third world war will be a scale that spreads all over the world. The world's nuclear war, this war will become the greatest catastrophe in the history of human civilization. The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 was once considered the closest crisis in human history to World War III: a confrontation between two powers with unprecedented nuclear power that lasted for decades in the Caribbean Sea. Although the incident was resolved smoothly, full-scale nuclear war has since become a nickname for World War III.
With the development of the world, more and more people believe that the third world war will become a historical term that will never appear, or a war that will not happen in a visible period of time, all because of the balance of power between the United States and the Soviet Union. And implement a policy of mutually assured destruction so that war does not break out.
The Third World War is an imaginary large-scale war in the next world. During the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, if a war broke out between the two sides, its seriousness could be called the Third World War, but fortunately, both sides tried their best to War was avoided, and neither side broke out until the end of the Cold War. So far, the three wars have only been speculated and imagined, and they have not broken out, but once they break out, they will seriously affect everyone on the earth. After the great ordeal of the Cold War, the Soviet Union yearned for peace and opposed war.
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With a large number of high-tech applications in the military field, especially the extensive development and proliferation of nuclear weapons, people have provided great space for the imagination of the third world war - some people believe that the third world war will be a large-scale The nuclear war in the world will become the greatest catastrophe in the history of human civilization. Among them, the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 was once considered to be the crisis closest to the Third World War in human history - the confrontation between two great powers with unprecedented nuclear forces in the Caribbean Sea lasted for dozens of days, bringing the possibility of war to the ground. Raised to unprecedented heights.
From different perspectives, there are many reasons for the outbreak of the Third World War, and the government and the people have different views, such as the war launched by the former Soviet Union against the West, the rise of China, and the war in the Middle East.
There are many different reasons for the outbreak of wars, and the camps are also different. It is believed that some countries will use the atomic bomb, and the war may extend into space. The war broke out because, for example, the United States suppressed a rising China. Military conflict between India, Vietnam, the Philippines and China, Israel and Middle East countries, Middle East or Iran and European and American countries, North Korea nuclear attack on South Korea or Japan, China and South Korea discord, military conflict broke out, the United States returned to the Asia-Pacific region affected by Asia State conflict, etc. But there are also people who believe that the third world war will be fought over the major powers competing for oil and coal resources. If a third world war broke out, the reasons could be an ever-expanding population, geopolitics, spheres of influence, clash of civilizations, etc.
Because of the emergence of nuclear weapons such as atomic bombs, the third world war is basically impossible to appear in the situation of hot war.
There is a global nuclear war on the earth, and the world has launched atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs with a nuclear yield of more than 20 billion tons of TNT. Complete
Geography, climate and environment: Due to the radioactive pollution caused by nuclear explosions, most animals are sacrificed, and only creatures on the seabed and low-level life are likely to survive, various chemical reactions pollute the atmosphere, sunlight is hindered, the temperature of the earth is lowered, and the equator has dropped to freezing point Below, human architecture will disappear in the next few hundred years.
Impact on people and species: most people have become extinct, some animals on the ground have become extinct, and some animals and plants have mutated
The man who almost became the emperor of all Europe, he made all Europe tremble.
Guderian (Germany) the father of the tank.
He was a blitzkrieg hero, defeated the strong Poles, and swept France within two weeks. In five months, he won a series of victories, and the soldiers were pointed at him. up to two million people.
Julius Caesar (Ancient Rome) Symbol of ancient Rome.
He fought in Gaul, and he competed with Pompey for the hegemony. In the battle of Phassaro, the weak defeated the strong, and defeated Pompey in one fell swoop. After that, no one could match the enemy. Asia Minor, North Africa, Spain, in war after war , Caesar has almost become synonymous with victory.
Khalid (Arabian) Sword of Allah.
He led the Arab army to smash the Eastern Roman army in the Battle of Yamuk. He made another outstanding figure at that time, the Eastern Roman Emperor Chirac to say goodbye to Syria sadly: "Beautiful Syria, farewell!"
Suvorov (Russia) the first player in Russian history.
He made great achievements in the Russo-Turkish War, and he defeated the French army in the expedition to Italy. He was the only commander in Napoleon's era who could rival Napoleon. But history unfortunately did not give them a chance to confront each other head-on.
Hannibal (Carthage) Lone Hero.
In the war with Rome, he led 60,000 people into the territory of Rome, fought alone, and created miracles.
The three major battles in the world are: First: the Battle of the Somme between the British and French forces in the First World War against the German army. It lasted half a year. The two sides invested more than 1.5 million troops, and the number of casualties reached an astonishing 1.3 million. The battle was fought by the British and French forces. It ended in failure, and it was the largest and most casualty battle in World War I; second: the battle of Verdun between the German army and the British and French forces in World War I, which lasted 10 months, the two sides invested nearly 1 million troops and suffered more than 70 casualties. 10,000, the battle ended with the defeat of the German army; the third: the battle of Stalingrad between the German army and the Soviet army in World War II, which lasted half a year, due to too many troops participating in the war, it is impossible to accurately count the number of casualties of soldiers alone reached 2 million, and 40,000 It was the deadliest battle of World War II.
"The Art of War"
"Sun Tzu's Art of War" is the most famous military book in ancient China and the earliest extant "Sacred Book of Military Studies" in the world. The author Sun Wu, also known as Sun Tzu or Sun Wuzi, courtesy name Changqing, was a native of Le'an (now Huimin County, Shandong) in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Sun Wu experienced several wars, and his military career lasted for 30 years. "Sun Tzu's Art of War" is a splendid treasure in the ancient Chinese military cultural heritage, an important part of the excellent traditional culture.
"Theory of War"
"On War" is known as the classic work of modern Western military theory, the author is Karl von Clausewitz. "Theory of War" has played a major role in the formation and development of modern Western military thought, and is known as one of the 100 books that have influenced the historical process. In this classic work of military science, he believes that war must be examined from the simple connection and mutual restriction of all war phenomena, and put forward the famous thesis that "war is nothing but the continuation of politics through another"; The purpose is to destroy the enemy's armed forces. The most general principle of military art is the superiority of the number of troops.
"Grand Strategy"
The full name of "Grand Strategy" is "Grand Strategy: Principles and Practice", the author John Collins (John Co11ins) is a famous American strategic theorist. book. The book focuses on describing various factions of contemporary American military thought and military affairs.
"The Influence of Sea Power on History"
"The Influence of Sea Power on History" is the first part of Mahan's "Sea Power Theory Trilogy", and it is also the first successful work of Mahan's theory of sea power. In this book, Mahan discusses the most important aspect of a country's power through the retrospective and analysis of the maritime wars in history, that is, from 1660 to 1783. Mahan's Sea Power Theory.
"Strategy"
"Strategy" by Reed Hart. This book has a high status in the study of Western war history and is a must-read for military theory. Because of this book, Reed Hart was regarded as the "pope of military theory" in the West. The author makes a detailed analysis using rich historical materials. "Strategy Theory" has high historical value. Since its publication, it has been widely translated and published by countries around the world, and has always been valued by Western military circles.
"Air Dominance"
"Air Dominance" was also translated into "Theory of Air Dominance" and "Theory of Air Force Strategy", which proposed the idea of air dominance. Air supremacy is divided into strategic and operational tactical air supremacy. Mastery of the air can have a major impact on the outcome of a war.
"The Science of Winning"
"The Science of Winning" was written by Marshal Suvorov of the Russian Empire. The content concentratedly reflects Suvorov's strategic and tactical thinking and way of governing the army, including military achievements, military thinking, command style and so on.
"Military Strategy"
In the early 1960s, the Soviet Union published the book "Military Strategy". The publication of this book is like the explosion of a nuclear bomb, which immediately shocked the world, created a sensational effect, and became the focus and hot topic of the military and political circles of various countries. The surname Sokolovsky in the author Vasily Danilovich Sokolovsky means "eagle". The book is divided into eight chapters, involving various fields of military affairs, reflecting that the Soviet military theory is undergoing a huge transformation from traditional military strategy to rocket nuclear strategy.
Introduction to the Art of War
"An Introduction to the Art of War" by A. H. Jomini. This book is divided into seven chapters and forty-seven sections.
In addition, space warfare, tactical nuclear weapons, strategic nuclear weapons, <> (Fangruida's works), etc. There are also many other works that are well-known all over the world. Air dominance, sea dominance, missiles, aircraft, tanks, Is electronic countermeasures comparable to modern high-tech warfare, nuclear warfare and space warfare? The answer is no. Will there be crooks and lunatics in the world? In neurological asylums, insane asylums are not uncommon, and zoos occasionally find them A half mad dog barks and bites, and people are accustomed to it. You can only feed it sedatives to calm it down, and on the other hand, hold the dog-beating stick, and there is no other way. Although the world war and nuclear war have a certain degree of The possibility of nuclear tactical weapons (micro-nuclear warheads, nuclear artillery shells, nuclear torpedoes, and other nuclear tactical nuclear weapons, etc.) may occur on one side. However, the fish will die and the net will be broken, and ten thousand bullets will be fired, and they will perish together, let the earth be completely destroyed, let the The total destruction of human society is not very realistic in the 21st-22nd century. If the earth does not exist, then everything becomes meaningless. Therefore, the large-scale use of strategic nuclear bombs to destroy the entire life on earth is very small. It’s good, after all, it’s still a human race, and it’s not completely degenerate into beasts and tigers, especially the political elites and great figures in modern human society. Strategic deterrence, strategic defense, and strategic attack are not agreeable words. Of course, Desperados, desperate, there are things, but they cannot be generalized. Are there really madmen and sages and gods in the world, hundreds of trillions of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs are launched, the earth, the moon, Mars, Jupiter, the sun, the Milky Way, black holes, The Milky Way, ...... is fleeting, isn't this the myth of the Big Bang that created the universe? This is probably only known to God and Zeus.
A soldier who does not want to be a general is not a good soldier---Napoleon (France)
A soldier's best destination is to be killed by the last bullet in the last battle - Patton (United States)
Only those who are not afraid of death deserve to live - MacArthur (United States) If I know that there is a minefield on the way forward, I will let the troops go directly to it-----Zhukov (Soviet Union)
Whoever fires first and can make the most intense concentrated fire will win - Rommel (Germany)
"The conflict of World War II across the theater was the 20th century with unprecedented casualties and devastation. An estimated 80 million to 120 million people died in the war.
Affected countries First World War Second World War
Deaths 20 million 72-100 million
Injured 20 million 35 million
Conscription 70 million 110 million
Battlefield size 4 million square kilometers 22 million square kilometers
World wars profoundly affected the course of world history, the old European empires were destroyed or divided or severely damaged, the direct cause was the staggering cost of the war, or in some cases defeat by the great powers, the war weakened or even cut off the main colonial powers and colonies. The connection made the colonies operate in a semi-autonomous state. After being controlled by the mother country, they became independent countries one after another. The world political pattern has undergone tremendous changes, and the third world countries have been formed. Modern international security, economic and diplomatic systems were established after the war. Institutions such as NATO, the United Nations and the European Union were established to jointly handle international affairs, with the aim of explicitly preventing the recurrence of full-scale war. War also dramatically changed everyday life. Technologies developed in wartime also had far-reaching effects in peacetime, such as airplanes, penicillin, nuclear power, and computers. "(quoted from Wiki)
All kinds of battles and conflicts, sometimes hostile parties compromise with each other, and resolve various disputes through peaceful negotiation; Of course, from the perspective of the development and changes of the entire human society, the trend of peaceful development is always the mainstream, and the state of war is not the mainstream norm after all. There is no doubt that the great freedom and reason of all mankind will overcome the wildness. Otherwise, human society will collapse. It will be completely destroyed. Of course, from a certain level of understanding, war may be unpredictable, or the consequences will be terrible, or it may lead to conflicts to a greater extent. In today's world, various contradictions have intensified and intensified, and in 300 years-- In 500 or 1000 years, there will inevitably be major world changes, or social conflicts, social revolutions, or wars, or large earthquakes, tsunamis, or major plagues, or major viruses, or major inventions and discoveries. , (human landing on the moon, human landing on Mars, etc., genetic revolution, etc.), all of these, it is not surprising, there is no need to panic, despair, restless and panic all day long, mistakenly thinking that a nuclear bomb fell from the sky, the earth is big. Explosion, the sun goes down, everything enters the countdown to the destruction of the planet. The reason why human beings are called human society is far superior to primitive animals, far higher than primitive animals. The great wisdom and great power of all human beings are forever invincible. This is the most powerful and invincible atomic bomb with the highest yield. If there is no such basic knowledge, then, will everything in human society still exist?
_______---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War--The Third World War, Nuclear War, Space War , a great scientist, philosopher, thinker, sociologist, anthropologist, cosmologist, military engineer, nuclear energy expert, and world-renowned. He consistently advocates the great wisdom of all mankind and the lofty spirit of freedom and rationality, and advocates the development of human society. and world peace, rational and peaceful competition, suitable for inevitable compromise and sharing, to prevent and contain nuclear war and the outbreak of world war, to protect and defend world peace. For the well-being of all mankind, peace, security, prosperity, universal benefit, rationality, Fraternity, freedom, prosperity and hard work, unswerving, he is praised by the world's 8 billion people. Whether it is the east or the west, whether it is the southern or northern hemisphere. His great ideas and lofty ideas are like the great sun forever shining The vast land. This is the core content of this article. (Bick November 2021, revised in 2022)
Fang Ruida, leader international mondial, parle de la paix mondiale et de la guerre - Troisième Guerre mondiale, guerre nucléaire, guerre spatiale (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 version révisée, comparaison multilingue version du réseau mondial)
Leader mondial Leader international Fang Ruida sur la paix et la guerre mondiales - la troisième guerre mondiale, la guerre nucléaire, la guerre spatiale
This is Dr. Andersen, my vet, "floating" my horse Annie's teeth.......The horse is sedated and the assistant holds the head in position while the vet uses these modern drills to shave off the points on the back teeth.......this helps the horse chew more efficiently......used to be they had no sedative and used a set of big files......it could be quite an adventure with an unwilling horse.......aha......technology !!!
You can read some interesting articles about the Kingston Psychiatric facility here and here.
And thanks to Kingston Mobile Marketing for this information.
During the 1850's, Kingston Penitentiary was deemed to be overrun with mentally ill and criminally insane prisoners. To remedy this, Rockwood Criminal Lunatic Asylum was to be built on the shores of Lake Ontario, just to the west of the Kingston Penitentiary.
To save tax-payer dollars, it would be built by the prisoners themselves. Construction began in 1859 and although it was not completed until 1870, men began to occupy portions of the building as early as 1862. Female prisoners were admitted during this time period and lived in the old horse stables that remained from when the property was a private villa. In 1868, the female inmates were also moved inside. Once completed, the asylum housed 300 patients.
This was the criteria an inmate had to meet to be transferred to Rockwood.
1.Convicts in the penitentiary becoming insane while under sentence there.
2.Certain classes of lunatics committed to jail as lunatics dangerous to be at large.
3.Persons charged with some offence of which they had been acquitted on the ground that they were insane at the time such offence was committed.
4.Persons indicted for any offence, and upon arraignment there of found, by a jury especially impanelled for the purpose, to be insane.
Patients wore distinctive canvas uniforms bearing the word LUNATIC. The medical goal in the mid 1800's was not to cure criminal lunatics, but rather to calm them. Chloral hydrate and alcohol were used to pacify patients, and they were also often bled. Dr. Litchfield, the only physician at the time, had a simple treatment plan that relied heavily upon "a pretty free use of alcohol by day and sedative by night." Treatment also involved restraints, blistering, leeching, enemas, and blood-letting.
It has been reported that during this period physicians may have performed some of the first neuro-surgical procedures on patients at Rockwood, using trephines to drill into patients skulls.
Criminal lunatics were not the sole inhabitants of the asylum, the staff lived on-site and unsound Kingston residents were also admitted. This population included patients up and down the spectrum of mental health disorders as we know them today, as well as lepers and promiscuous women. By 1877, criminals were no longer admitted to the Rockwood Asylum and the criminally insane residents were returned to a special building housed within the walled grounds of Kingston Penitentiary.
After 1900, the psychiatric focus shifted from strictly therapeutic interventions to classification and treatment based on scientific evidence. By this time, many other changes had also taken place. The canvas LUNATIC uniforms were eliminated and the old tin cups and spoons were replaced with ceramic dishes and cutlery. The adjacent farm was purchased and the asylum began to grow its own food, providing broader menu choices for patients and staff. The asylum was painted with bright cheery colours, bedding was upgraded from straw sack mattress and pillow, and sitting rooms were outfitted with beautiful furniture and decorations.
Patients were treated to outings into town, chartered yacht rides and a 14-piece asylum orchestra that was considered the best in town. Rockwood was also one of the first buildings in Canada to be outfitted with central heating. Most notably though, a full-service medical infirmary was built on site and a school was created to teach english to the female patients, many of whom were illiterate. The separation of classified patients was also a monumental shift, criminal lunatics were never again able to socialize with the growing population of patients being admitted from Kingston and surrounding communities. Rockwood asylum for the insane later became the Ontario Hospital-Kingston in 1920 and then in 1965, the Kingston Psychiatric Hospital.
In 1959, one hundred years after ground was broken, Rockwood patients were transferred to the new building built on the same property and the former asylum became known as The Penrose Building, which was a residence for people with mental disabilities. Penrose finally closed in 2000 and the historic building has sat empty and abandoned ever since, surrounded by the splashing waves of Lake Ontario and the newer buildings that make up the mental health facility complex that is currently known as Providence Care.
Contraindication
Like full agonist opiates, buprenorphine can cause drowsiness, vomiting and respiratory depression. Taking buprenorphine in conjunction with central nervous system (CNS) depressants in people who are not tolerant to either agent can cause fatal respiratory depression. Sedatives, hypnotics, and tranquilizers can be dangerous if ingested with buprenorphine by a person who is tolerant to neither opioids nor benzodiazepines. Co-intoxication with ethanol carries the greatest risk for lethal overdose, with the lowest doses of a reported fatality in a 48kg teenage girl with 5mg of diazepam and the equivalent of 8 ounces of beer (1 unit of alcohol), plus around 2mg of buprenorphine. However, this female was tolerant to none of the three drugs she ingested that were the cause of the MDI. 2mg of buprenorphine is equal to roughly 80 milligrammes of morphine. 80 milligrammes of morphine itself is considered an extreme dose for an opioid-naive patient with doses starting around 5 to 10 milligrammes.[23]
[edit]Adverse effects
Common adverse drug reactions associated with the use of buprenorphine are similar to those of other opioids and include: nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, perspiration, itchiness, dry mouth, miosis, orthostatic hypotension, male ejaculatory difficulty, decreased libido, and urinary retention. Constipation and CNS effects are seen less frequently than with morphine.[24] Hepatic necrosis and hepatitis with jaundice have been reported with the use of buprenorphine, especially after intravenous injection of crushed tablets.
The most severe and serious adverse reaction associated with opioid use in general is respiratory depression, the mechanism behind fatal overdose. Buprenorphine behaves differently than other opioids in this respect, as it shows a ceiling effect for respiratory depression.[24] Moreover, former doubts on the antagonisation of the respiratory effects by naloxone have been disproved: Buprenorphine effects can be antagonised with a continuous infusion of naloxone.[25] Concurrent use of buprenorphine and CNS depressants (such as alcohol or benzodiazepines) is contraindicated as it may lead to fatal respiratory depression. Benzodiazepines, in prescribed doses, are not contraindicated in individuals who are tolerant to either opioids or benzodiazepines.
People on medium- to long-term maintenance with Suboxone or Subutex do not have a risk of overdose from buprenorphine alone, no matter what dosage is taken or route of administration it is taken by, due to the "ceiling effect" on respiratory depression. Overdoses occurring in maintenance patients are cases of multiple-drug intoxication, usually buprenorphine taken with excessive amounts of ethanol and/or benzodiazepine drugs. It is safe for a patient to take a prescribed dose of benzodiazepines with buprenorphine as long as the patient has a tolerance to either opioids or benzodiazepines. As a matter of course, all patients on buprenorphine maintenance are tolerant to opioids, and maintenance doses are always higher than the dose at which the "ceiling effect" on respiratory depression is reached (~3±1 milligrammes, depending on method of analysis).[citation needed]
People switching from other opiates should wait until mild to moderate withdrawal symptoms are encountered. Failure to do so can lead to the rapid onset of intense withdrawal symptoms, known as precipitated withdrawal.[26] For short acting opioids such as codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, pethidine, heroin, and morphine, 12–24 hours from the last dose is generally sufficient. For longer acting opioids such as methadone, 2–3 days from the last dose is needed to prevent precipitated withdrawal.
Conversely, switching from buprenorphine to other opioids is generally safe and can occur immediately. For users of Suboxone, it is advised to wait a few hours from the last dose before switching to other opioids to allow the naloxone in Suboxone to be eliminated from the body (it has a short half-life). Generally the new opioid will not be as strong or effective for several days until the remaining buprenorphine has been eliminated from the body. This is due to the blockade effect, where the buprenorphine is strongly bound to the opiate receptors in the brain and not allowing the new (full agonist) opioid to completely bind to and activate the receptors.
The "blockade effect" of buprenorphine further explains the phenomenon where Suboxone users trying to get high off of say oxycodone cannot until many (3 or more) days have passed since their last Suboxone dose. This discourages the patient using Suboxone properly for maintenance therapy from using other opioids recreationally to get high because either a) the "high" experienced by a typical recreational dosage of an opioid (say 30-75mg of oxycodone) is subjectively poor i.e. not euphoric and/or b) the amount of money needed to get "high" off of other opioids becomes so large that the patient may feel that recreational usage of other opioids is simply not worth it and that the calming and soothing feeling of using Suboxone properly under the care of an approved physician is simply a better way to live life.
[edit]Detection in biological fluids
Buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine, its major active metabolite, may be quantitated in blood or urine to monitor use or abuse, confirm a diagnosis of poisoning or assist in a medicolegal death investigation. There is a significant overlap of drug concentrations in body fluids within the possible spectrum of physiological reactions ranging from asymptomatic to comatose, and therefore it is important to have knowledge of the route of administration of the drug and the individual's tolerance to opioids when interpreting analytical results.[27]
[edit]Recreational use
Buprenorphine is also used recreationally, typically by opioid users, often by insufflation. Recreational users of Suboxone who crush the tablet and insufflate it report a euphoric rush similar to other opioids in addition to a slight "upper"-like effect. Those already using buprenorphine/Suboxone for opioid addiction therapy find that insufflation is only slightly, if any stronger than taking the pill sublingually, although it may have a quicker onset. Those taking it for addiction therapy also report that obtaining euphoria is virtually impossible after the first few doses. Many recreational users also report withdrawal symptoms. Due to the high potency of tablet forms of buprenorphine, only a small amount of the drug need be ingested to achieve the desired effects.
Although some people do use buprenorphine for purely recreational reasons, the majority of its illicit users use it for addiction therapy. Many people report it being effective in preventing withdrawals in-between doses of their opiate of choice. Illicit users who do not want it on record may also obtain it on the street to use as a less-painful method of quitting than "cold-turkey". Some report needing as little as one 8 mg tab which is broken up into gradually smaller doses which they take in order to effectively wean themselves off the opiate/opioid they're addicted to. The illegal and potentially dangerous self-dosing of Buprenorphine is deemed by many street users as a less risky alternative to what an addict may do on the streets to obtain money for their addiction (an 8mg tablet of either Suboxone or Subutex sells for as low as $10 in some areas, and as high as $20-25 a piece in Chicago, Illinois, with pharmacies charging generally around $14 for a single tablet and $6-8 per tablet in 30+ quantities under self-pay)[citation needed], and less dangerous than quitting cold turkey. Furthermore, most U.S. doctors authorized to prescribe Suboxone charge ~$300 for a first visit, plus several hundred more for follow-up visits, which makes going through official channels more expensive than simply maintaining the original opiate addiction, for some users.
Buprenorphine abuse is very common in Scandinavia, especially in Finland by Viimeinen Hidas and Sweden. In 2007, the authorities in Uppsala county in Sweden confiscated more buprenorphine than cocaine, ecstasy and GHB.[28] In Finland recreational use of buprenorphine is on the rise; in 2005, Finland's incidence of Subutex abuse (most often injected intravenously) surpassed the incidence of recreational usage of amphetamines. Intravenous administration of dissolved Subutex pills and insufflation of pulverized pills are the most common modes of recreational buprenorphine use.[29]
Ghost Flower, better known as Indian Pipe is a flower that looks like it should be grouped with mushrooms and other fungi. This flower that resembles a species of fungi has no chlorophyll, thus needs no sunlight to grow and is not green. The plant feeds on fungi that feed on decaying wood. So dark, often damp forests are where these flowers are found. Some say it has been called the “ice plant” because it looks frozen and “melts when handled. The plant is used as an herbal medicine, as it possesses antispasmodic and sedative properties. A tea made from the roots is used as a remedy for spasms, fainting spells, muscle spasms, convulsions and epilepsy. Native Americans made an eye salve from the plant. Photographed in Cranberry Wilderness, West Virginia
Sleeping here..
Weeds have botanical names, they're members of large plant families, and occupy a place in the natural world. Many of them have properties that make them useful as plant medicine, for making into fabric or rope, food for animals and so forth. For example, what we commonly call sleeping grass or sensitive plant is a member of the Acacia family: its botanical name is Mimosa pudica. Many people use it for its sedative and nervine qualities. And you can harvest it for free!
Sleeping Grass is Prized as a Medicine
This prickly little weed is a member of the Fabaceae or Mimosaceae family. It's a tropical perennial from Surinam. It covers the ground and has substantial roots that are hard to pull. It produces seeds that scatter everywhere and sprout joyfully into more plants almost before your eyes.
But you can make a tea or tincture from its leaves and flowers that is good for the nervous system and can help with insomnia.
刃齒虎，
又名美洲劍齒虎或斯劍虎，其學名在希臘文的意思有「刀一般的牙齒」的意思，大約生存在距今百萬至 萬年前的北美洲和南美洲。
又名美洲劍齒虎或斯劍虎，其學名在希臘文的意思有「刀一般的牙齒」的意思，大約生存在距今3百萬至 萬年前的北美洲和南美洲。
困境中猎物的哀嚎能吸引附近区域中捕食者的注意。如果每一个捕食者都循声而来，那么可以想见会有激烈的竞争。体型小且群居的豺，体型大且独居的豹在这样的竞争中可能会吃亏，但它们还是可能会小心翼翼地在附近查看一番。豺就是如此，若是有大的捕食者正在进食，它们会在周围盘桓，小心推进，希望在对方鼻子底下偷一杯羹或是等对方饱食而去后再去吃残羹冷炙。体型小且独居的动物，如獾、薮猫、麝猫、非洲麝猫等，它们在这样的竞争中不仅仅可能被杀，更可能成为别人食物的一部分。所以它们对这种哀嚎的反应不是置之不理，而是当作危险信号，它们会及时离开以躲避大群即将到来的大型捕食者，这也是表格所显示的。大体型且群居的狮子，得益于它们的力量和数目，在竞争中最为有利。其他能与狮子分庭抗礼的就是斑鬣狗了。斑鬣狗不仅在常规猎杀中常常挑战狮子，它们也会被动物的哀嚎所吸引。其他的捕食者往往会避开斑鬣狗和狮子的争斗以避免自身受到牵连。
为了进一步说明情况，拉布雷亚沥青坑中的遗骸被按照与非洲生态系统实验中相同的方式分类。沥青坑中的样本与非洲生态系统中的种群并不具可比性，但还是能用类似的方法去分析。如果剑齿虎是独居动物，那么结果就是上表中的C列，如果剑齿虎是群居动物，那么结果就是上表中的D列。这两列的结果，和B列中的结果相比，很明显地支持剑齿虎的群居假说。
群居的好处之一是能在和其他群居捕食者，如美洲狮和恐狼的竞争中占得优势。很多群居社会性动物都存在雌雄异态，但剑齿虎不是这样。雌性和雄性剑齿虎的犬齿长度相仿，这提示剑齿虎的群居社会结构可能更类似于现代的狼而非狮子。这也提示剑齿虎可能和豺一样是一夫一妻制，而不像狮子的一夫多妻制。
Smilodon /ˈsmaɪlədɒn/, is an extinct genus of machairodont felid. It is perhaps the best known saber-toothed cat and lived in North during the Pleistocene epoch (2.5 mya–10,000 years ago). One of the largest collections of its fossils has been obtained from the La Brea Tar Pits. Three species of the genus are known; they vary in size and build. Overall, Smilodon was more robustly built than any modern cat, with particularly well-developed forelimbs and exceptionally long upper canines. Its jaw had a bigger gape than modern cats and its upper canines were slender and fragile, being adapted for precision killing. These attributes made Smilodon a specialized hunter of large herbivores, such as bison and camels. Smilodon likely lived in closed habitats, such as forests and bush, which would have provided cover for ambushing prey. Its reliance on large animals may have been the cause of its extinction. Scientists debate over whether Smilodon was a social animal. Comparison of predator responses to distress calls and the prevalence of healed injuries suggest that it was social, while its small brain size and vegetated habitat suggest it was more solitary. Some fossils show signs of ankylosing spondylitis, trauma and arthritis. Smilodon went extinct 10,000 years ago.Tiger: (also represents your sabertooth tiger) To see a tiger in your dream, symbolizes repressed feelings or emotions that frighten you. Alternatively, the tiger represents female sexuality, aggression, and seduction. If the tiger is in a cage, then it suggests that those repressed feelings/emotions are on the verge of surfacing. White Tiger; according to Chinese astrology, the white tiger carries yin energy. This animal has always represented the admirable qualities of courage and patience. After all, the tiger must stalk its prey secretly and steadily in order to avoid scaring away its dinner. Tigers know when to lay low, but they can also spring into action when it's beneficial to reveal themselves.To dream that you are attacked by a tiger, signifies overwhelming gloom and disappointing failures. You may find yourself distressed and tormented by rivals. To dream that you ward off or kill a tiger, signifies that you will be exceedingly successful in all your endeavors. It is an indication of your good health, vitality, and vigor.TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE AND TIGERS For more than 1,000 years the use of tiger parts has been included in the traditional Chinese medicine regimen. Because of the tiger’s strength and mythical power, the Chinese culture provide rather than cure.The tiger has medicinal qualities, which helps treat chronic ailments, cure disease and replenish the body’s essential energy.Endangered tiger parts such as bones, eyes, whiskers and teeth are used to treat ailments and disease ranging from insomnia and malaria, to meningitis and bad skin. Chinese texts state that the active ingredients in tiger bone; calcium and protein, which help promote healing, have anti-inflammatory properties. Western medical experts tend to discount all claims of any curative power in tiger bone, as they do the rhinoceros horn, another popular Chinese medicine. And, it is well known that aspirin contains similar properties and produces the many of the same results as tiger prescriptions in patients Despite this, in Hong Kong, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Vietnam and in Chinatowns across Europe and North America, Chinese medicine stores do a steady trade in tiger wines, powder, tiger balms and tiger pills. Many Asian communities believe that tiger bone, in powdered form or prepared as, “tiger wine,” soothes rheumatic pain and cures ulcers, malaria and burns. These derivatives make international trade and consumption possible in the wake of the, Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) treaty because they are not easily recognizable as tiger parts. In recent years there has also been a resurgence of interest in traditional values and cures derived from nature in Chinese culture. Thus, the use of endangered tiger parts for medicinal properties is seen as a status symbol, a way to retain customs amid rapid change and as an alternative to the shortcomings of western medicine. The Chinese culture believes that nearly all parts of the tiger can be used to derive some medicinal cure for any number of ailments. Here are some examples of how tiger parts and their derivatives are used in traditional Chinese medicine and causing the tiger to be a critically endangered species: Tiger claws: used as a sedative for insomnia
Teeth: used to treat fever Fat: used to treat leprosy and rheumatism Nose leather: used to treat superficial wounds such as bites Tiger bone: used as an anti-inflammatory drug to treat rheumatism and arthritis, general weakness, headaches, stiffness or paralysis in lower back and legs and dysentery. Eyeballs: used to treat epilepsy and malaria Tail: used to treat skin diseases Bile: used to treat convulsions in children associated with meningitis Whiskers: used to treat toothaches Brain: used to treat laziness and pimples Penis: used in love potions such as tiger soup, as an aphrodisiac
Dung or feces: used to treat boils, hemorrhoids and cure alcoholism Fortunately, there are viable natural alternatives for those seeking traditional Chinese medicines to treat ailments and disease without using tiger derivatives.
Derived in cultivation from Actinidia chinensis, it is not known in a truly wild situation.
Actinidia deliciosa is a deciduous Climber growing to 29ft 6in at a medium rate.
Not frost tender. It is in flower from Jul to August, and the seeds ripen from Oct to December.
The flowers are dioecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required) and are pollinated by Bees, insects.
The fruits, stems and roots are diuretic, febrifuge and sedative. They are used in the treatment of stones in the urinary tract, rheumatoid arthralgia, cancers of the liver and oesophagus.
Paper is made from the bark. If the bark is removed in one piece from near the root and placed in hot ashes, it becomes very hard and can be used as a tube for a pencil.
Edible Parts: Leaves,
Edible Uses: Potherb,
Leaves - cooked. This plant is in a family that contains many poisonous plants so some caution is advised in using it.
CAUTION: No records of toxicity have been seen but this species belongs to a family that contains many poisonous plants. Some caution is therefore advised.
MEDICINAL USES: Anodyne, Antianxiety, Antidepressant, Antispasmodic, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Galactofuge, Odontalgic
The Californian poppy is a bitter sedative herb that acts as a diuretic, relieves pain, relaxes spasms and promotes perspiration. The whole plant is harvested when in flower and dried for use in tinctures and infusions. It is taken internally in the treatment of nervous tension, anxiety, insomnia and incontinence (especially in children). The watery sap is mildly narcotic and has been used to relieve toothache. It is similar in its effect to the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) but is much milder in its action and does not depress the central nervous system. Another report says that it has a markedly different effect upon the central nervous system, that it is not a narcotic but tends to normalize psychological function. Its gently antispasmodic, sedative and analgesic actions make it a valuable herbal medicine for treating physical and psychological problems in children. It may also prove beneficial in attempts to overcome bedwetting, difficulty in sleeping and nervous tension and anxiety. An extract of the root is used as a wash on the breasts to suppress the flow of milk in lactating females.
www.pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Eschscholzia+calif...
Neck and Back Massager Shiatsu Massage Pillow with Heat Deep Tissue Kneading Massager for Cervical, Shoulder, Waist, Relaxation, Muscle Relieve in Home Car and Office, Ultra-soft and luxurious plush fabric cover gives you silky and soft touch feeling.
8 kneading massage nodes imitate the real massage just like therapy's hands with the portable wireless massage pillow.
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A magic button satisfies all your demands, easy but workable with our cordless shiatsu massage pillow with heat.
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Model966A966B966C966D
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Massage headOptional: 4 or 6 or 8 Massage Heads
Shiatsu Massage
Shiatsu massage originated from acupuncture point therapy that has been circulated for thousands of years in China. It uses fingers to knead acupoints, dredge the meridians, and relieve fatigue and relieve pain. Western medical research has confirmed that stimulating acupuncture points can promote the secretion of endorphins in the body. It is a sedative produced naturally by the human body, which can calm the nerves and relieve tension.
Restore balance
Place one hand flat just above the belly button and place the other hand on the magic massager pillow. When breathing, the hands rise and fall with the rise and fall of the abdomen. Then, lightly press the palm of your hand on your abdomen and rotate it clockwise. Finally, relax. This action is not only beneficial to the digestive system but also helps the entire body restore balance.
Relax the body
Hold the feet in the palms of both hands, massage the back of the instep with your thumb, moving up from the area near the toes to the ankle. The massage should be light, fast, and rhythmic. Then pinch each toe to release the excess energy stored in the meridians. This action can relax people immediately.
Relaxation beauty
Shiatsu massage for relaxing beauty focuses on the face. Wash and warm your hands first. Use your thumb and index finger to press 5 to 6 times along the sides of your face from the middle of your chin. Repeat this action, massaging the middle part of the cheek and the lower part of the eye socket. Repeat the above steps several times, and finally press a little harder on the temple to end. By acting on several meridians, it can relax, smooth the circulation of qi and blood, and make the complexion brighter.
Adjust emotion
Straighten your right arm, open your palm, palm forward. Use the palm of your left hand to press down on the inside of your right arm, from shoulder to wrist. Repeat 6 times, then massage the outer arm, repeat 6 times, so as to stimulate the acupuncture points of the heart meridian and lung meridian, which can regulate emotions.
Cheer up
Place your arms behind your back, make your hands in a fist shape, and lift them up to your shoulder blades as much as possible, but with not too much force. Exhale, pat both sides of the spine until the sacrum (bladder meridian), then pat upwards, repeat several times, which can make people feel energetic and full of energy.
Venous return
Standing or sitting for a long time will lead to the poor venous return of the lower extremities, ranging from swelling of the ankles to severe varicose veins. If you insist on rubbing your calf with your palm every day, from the ankle to the knee (where the liver meridian passes). Then massage the inner thigh to the groin with acupressure, and then massage down the front of the thigh and the outer side of the tibia to promote the venous return of the lower limbs and eliminate swelling and pain in the ankle.
Relieve tension
Place your right hand behind your neck, and massage the base of your skull with the root of your hand to the shoulder. It can relax the neck, reduce the tension in the gallbladder vein, and maintain a good mood.
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Christopher Vestel bangs on the doors "Medical check-up, line up maggots!" snapping a glove on.
Bianca Bender sits up slowly....in no big hurry...she's been here long enough.....what's a few more minutes.....looks through the bars and shows a glimmer of recognition.
Christopher Vestel snaps his fingers at her "To the bars prisoner, if you want to be released in good health"
Bianca Bender raises an eyebrow and goes to stand....momentarily forgetting about her leg...and ends up half falling to her left side as the GSW on the back of her thigh causes her leg to give out.
Bianca Bender cringes but stands....leaning against the end of the bunk beds for support and takes a stuttering step almost falling against the bars in front of the solider.
Christopher Vestel looks at her "Prisoner, I am entering the cell, don't even get an idea your going to touch my piece" referring to pistol mostly
Bianca Bender curls her lip...and glares through the wire holding herself up while her leg gets some feeling back into it..
Christopher Vestel points to the ground "Sit prisoner..."
Bianca Bender growls...'"make up your fucking mind...." turns around and lets herself fall into a sit on the floor flinching and her face paling as the wound on her thigh screams in pain.
Christopher Vestel smirks, looking at her..."Best way to know how pain your in, is see you perform a simple act of movement, Bianca"
Christopher Vestel kneels down near her, removing a small supplies of gauze, medical tape, and septics, looking at her repeatedly, making sure she doesn't reach for the firearm....
Bianca Bender sneers..."Well pretty boy let me gash the back of your thigh a quarter inch deep and have you sit your handsome ass down here with me." growls low mumbling..."and I felt sorry for your damn offspring last night..."
Christopher Vestel looks to her, not liking that comment, he removes the stim injector from his belt "Do you want to go to sleep, or stay awake, cause this sedative will put your fuzzy ass out"
Bianca Bender rolls her eyes, "Pretty boy scared of some simple words...." curls her lip, "I've got a gash in the back of my thigh and a gash in my left arm as well....I think I'll just sit here and look pretty.....I want to go home."
Christopher Vestel nods, he takes some quick clot foam packets out "I don't have my big kit with me today, but I will patch the holes up until you get back to your Den.." he rips open a packet, dumping it into a gauze square.
Bianca Bender looks up and reaching for the sleeve of the crap shirt she's wearing easily tears the sleeve away revealing an angry looking gash on her L arm...smiles..."Tell me when you're ready and I'll stand up and you can get a good look at my ass....kiss it while your back there if you'd like...." bats her eyes up at him.
Christopher Vestel reaches over the neko, with the Quick clot in hand, he pushes it into the wound, about a whole inch deep into the wound, listening to her comments "I've seen your ass before, Neko"
Bianca Bender snorts but hisses in a breath when the quick clot hits the soar...she'd endure his shit long as he gets her out of here in relatively one piece....looks at him..."Oh really...do tell the moment you laid eyes on my fine piece of ass? I don't seem to remember that...you must not be worth remembering." attempts to stand from her seated position having to pull up on the grating of the cell door do to so faces the door and waits for the "order" from him.
Christopher Vestel waves for her to stand up "Turn around" he orders "The reason you couldn't remember me, was because I was on a roof, looking at your ass through my sniper scope"
Bianca Bender snorts..."So you're a pervy peeping tom? Don't they teach you how to shoot w/ that extension of your cock..." drops her pants as she says the last word....the gash on the back of her left leg has started to bleed again from sitting on the floor....the scab that was forming breaking open...she clenches her free hand around the bars as the rough cloth brushes against the wound...gritting her teeth..."Take a good look....next time will cost you." prays he hurries...she's on the edge...not sure how long she can keep up her facade.
Christopher Vestel takes a can from his pack, he puts a nozzle on it..."I was going to kill anyone of you, if you harmed my child" he injects the nozzle deep into her GSW, thinking of the killing spree he would go on if someone harmed his Jay Jay.
Bianca Bender hisses as the nozzle goes into her wound...."He's a brat....you let him run around like a damn ape...shit father..." had had no intention of harming the boy....he seemed a good kid...white knuckles both hands on the jail cell bars to keep from collapsing...fuck if she put people through half this pain when she worked on them.....bites her lip hard.
Christopher Vestel finishes, giving her ass a slap "Then you babysit him, cause he keeps sneaking out of the bunker" he packs up his medical gear. Standing up, obviously towering over Bianca.
Bianca Bender grips tighter with her right hand as the left is a little weak from the GSW and pulls the bottoms back up her head wanting to drop....but she straightens her spine a fracture more..."Maybe if his father wasn't a shit head...he'd stick around...or if his father's friends weren't a bunch of pedophiles...." turns and stares at the man if he looks close he can see the pain and the hope at having him be the one to show up finally but her body language is pure defiance..."Can I leave now that you're done lookin your fill and gettin your jollys off?"
Christopher Vestel says "A shit head huh? Hmmm, maybe I should leave you in here, when the morning crew comes in, ask Miss Kat about that"
Christopher Vestel grabs her cuffs, he lifts them up high enough for him to see the keyhole, he unlocks the, throwing them to the bed.
Bianca Bender almost collapses but locks her knees...and winces when it shoots up her thigh...taking a deep breath...not flinching back when he grabs the cuffs or back away from him when he comes close enough to unlock them but whispers softly...he may pick it up or not.."thank you."
Christopher Vestel sighs at her saying that, knowing helping her, can get him landed in this cell, again.
Christopher Vestel grabs her arm and tries to pull her out of the cell to the out processing door.
Lazarus Lowenstark walks away from the counter guffawing at some ignorant joke or another he was sharing with the guards. He struts down like he owns the place, and gets closer to Bianca's cell, "BEEEYANCA!" He shouts with a Brooklyn Drawl, "Get yer ASS up. Daddy had to Bail your ASS out and it cost me a pretty Frikkin' penny - and Guess who's ASS that's comin' out of?"
Bhanga (Canabis) is used in praying Lord Shiva. In Ayurveda it is used in formulations for aphrodisiac properties.
thalidomide
Related Information
See related thalidomide information Abbreviation Index
IndicationsListed in Dosage.
DosageAdult: PO Erythema nodosum leprosum (Type 2) 100-300 mg at bedtime, reduce gradually once a satisfactory reponse is achieved. Max: 400 mg/day. Multiple myeloma Initial: 200 mg once daily, increase slowly according to patient tolerance. Max: 800 mg/day.
AdministrationShould be taken on an empty stomach. (Take on an empty stomach at least 1 hr after a meal, w/ a full glass of water.)
ContraindicationsPregnancy and lactation.
Special PrecautionsAll females of childbearing potential must use 2 reliable forms of contraception simultaneously 4 wk before starting therapy, during and 4 wk after therapy is discontinued. Therapy to be stopped immediately if pregnancy occurs. Male: Use of barrier methods of contraception if partner is of child-bearing potential. Do not donate blood or sperm during therapy. Patient should not drive or operate machinery. Discontinue therapy if any skin rash develops. Do not resume therapy if the rash is exfoliative, purpuric, or bullous, or if Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis suspected.
Adverse Drug ReactionsSevere and irreversible peripheral neuropathy, constipation, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, drowsiness, somnolence, bradycardia, increase of viral load in HIV-infected patients, hypersensitivity reaction.
Potentially Fatal: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis and blood dyscrasias.
Drug Interactions Thalidomide enhances sedative activity of barbiturates, alcohol, chlorpromazine and reserpine. Avoid use of other drugs that have the potential to cause peripheral neuropathy. Increased risk of thromboembolic events with darbepoetin-alfa and doxorubicin.
Potentially Fatal: Increased risk of bone marrow supression with peg interferon alfa.
A graviola (Annona muricata) é uma planta originária das Antilhas, onde se encontra em estado silvestre.
Nos Andes do Peru, a folha é tradicionalmente usada como chá no tratamento de catarro excessivo. As sementes tem ação anti parasitaria, as raízes e as folhas eram utilizadas para diabetes; no Brasil, tornou-se subespontânea na Amazônia. Prefere climas úmidos e baixa altitude.
A gravioleira é uma árvore de pequeno porte (atinge de 4 a 6 metros de altura) e encontrada em quase todas as florestas tropicais, com folhas verdes brilhantes e flores amareladas, grandes e isoladas, que nascem no tronco e nos ramos. Os frutos têm forma ovalada, casca verde-pálida, são grandes, chegando a pesar entre 750 gramas a 8 quilogramas e dando o ano todo.
Contém muitas espinhas, vermelhas, envolvidas por uma polpa branca, de sabor agridoce, muito delicado e considerados por muitos que o comeram semelhante ao fruto abóbora (ou jerimum, no nordeste do Brasil). Estão a realizar-se estudos para saber se a graviola cura ou não o cancro (ou câncer, em português do Brasil).
O óleo de graviola oferece muitas propriedades na qual inclui bactericida, adstringentes, hipotensor e sedativo para citar alguns. Seus usos tradicionais são para tratar a asma, calafrios, febre, conduto, pressão alta, insônia, nervosismo, reumatismo e doenças de pele. Usá-lo em cremes, loções e bálsamos para aliviar a coceira de pele seca e para eczema e sintomas de psoríase. A semente tem alto valor de magnésio e potássio em relação a polpa da fruta.
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Soursop fruit (Annona muricata) is a plant native to the Antilles, where it is found in the wild.
In the Peruvian Andes, leaf is traditionally used as a tea in the treatment of excessive phlegm. The seeds have antiparasitic action, roots and leaves were used for diabetes; in Brazil, became subspontaneous in the Amazon. Prefers humid climates and low altitude.
The soursop is a small tree (reaches 4 to 6 meters high) and found in almost all tropical forests, with bright green leaves and yellowish flowers, large and isolated, that are born in the trunk and in the branches. The fruits are oval shaped, pale green bark, are large, reaching between 750 grams to 8 kilograms and giving the whole year.
It contains many red spines, surrounded by a white pulp, bittersweet in taste, very delicate and considered by many who ate it similar to the pumpkin fruit (or jerimum, in northeastern Brazil). Studies are being carried out to determine whether or not graviola cures cancer (or cancer, in Brazilian Portuguese).
Graviola oil offers many properties in which it includes bactericidal, astringent, hypotensive and sedative to name a few. Its traditional uses are to treat asthma, chills, fever, flue, high blood pressure, insomnia, nervousness, rheumatism and skin diseases. Use it on creams, lotions and balms to relieve itchy dry skin and for eczema and psoriasis symptoms. The seed has a high value of magnesium and potassium in relation to fruit pulp.
A poppy is a flowering plant in the subfamily Papaveroideae of the family Papaveraceae. Poppies are herbaceous plants, often grown for their colourful flowers. One species of poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the source of the narcotic drug opium which contains powerful medicinal alkaloids such as morphine and has been used since ancient times as an analgesic and narcotic medicinal and recreational drug. It also produces edible seeds. Following the trench warfare in the poppy fields of Flanders, Belgium during World War I, poppies have become a symbol of remembrance of soldiers who have died during wartime.
DESCRIPTION
Poppies are herbaceous annual, biennial or short-lived perennial plants. Some species are monocarpic, dying after flowering. Poppies can be over a metre tall with flowers up to 15 centimetres across. Flowers of species (not cultivars) have 4 to 6 petals, many stamens forming a conspicuous whorl in the center of the flower and an ovary of from 2 to many fused carpels. The petals are showy, may be of almost any color and some have markings. The petals are crumpled in the bud and as blooming finishes, the petals often lie flat before falling away. In the temperate zones, poppies bloom from spring into early summer. Most species secrete latex when injured. Bees use poppies as a pollen source. The pollen of the oriental poppy, Papaver orientale, is dark blue, that of the field or corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) is grey to dark green. The opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, grows wild in eastern and southern Asia, and South Eastern Europe. It is believed that it originated in the Mediterranean region.
Poppies belong to the subfamily Papaveroideae of the family Papaveraceae, which includes the following genera:
Papaver – Papaver rhoeas, Papaver somniferum, Papaver orientale, Papaver nudicaule, Papaver cambricum
Eschscholzia – Eschscholzia californica
Meconopsis – Meconopsis napaulensis
Glaucium - the horned poppies including Glaucium flavum and Glaucium corniculatum
Stylophorum – celandine poppy
Argemone – prickly poppy
Romneya – matilija poppy and relatives
Canbya – pygmy poppy
Stylomecon – wind poppy
Arctomecon – desert bearpaw poppy
Hunnemannia – tulip poppy
Dendromecon – tree poppy
USES
The flowers of most poppy species are attractive and are widely cultivated as annual or perennial ornamental plants. This has resulted in a number of commercially important cultivars, such as the Shirley poppy, a cultivar of Papaver rhoeas and semi-double or double (flore plena) forms of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum and oriental poppy (Papaver orientale). Poppies of several other genera are also cultivated in gardens. A few species have other uses, principally as sources of drugs and foods. The opium poppy is widely cultivated and its worldwide production is monitored by international agencies. It is used for production of dried latex and opium, the principal precursor of narcotic and analgesic opiates such as morphine, heroin and codeine. Poppy seeds are rich in oil, carbohydrates, calcium and protein. Poppy oil is often used as cooking oil, salad dressing oil, or in products such as margarine. Poppy oil can also be added to spices for cakes, or breads. Poppy products are also used in different paints, varnishes, and some cosmetics.
MEDICINE
Ancient Egyptian doctors would have their patients eat seeds from a poppy to relieve pain. Poppy seeds contain small quantities of both morphine and codeine, which are pain-relieving drugs that are still used today. Poppy seeds and fixed oils can also be nonnarcotic because when they are harvested about twenty days after the flower has opened, the morphine is no longer present.
ADVERTISING
In Mexico, Grupo Modelo, the makers of Corona beer, used red poppy flowers in most of its advertising images until the 1960s.
Artificial poppies (called "Buddy Poppies") are used in the veterans' aid campaign by the Veterans of Foreign Wars, which provides money to the veterans who assemble the poppies and various aid programs to veterans and their families.
CURRENCY
A poppy flower is depicted on the reverse of the Macedonian 500-denar banknote, issued in 1996 and 2003. The poppy is also part of the coat of arms of North Macedonia.
Canada issued special quarters (25-cent coins) with a red poppy on the reverse in 2004, 2008 and 2010. The 2004 Canadian "poppy" quarter was the world's first coloured circulation coin.
NAMES
The girl's given name "Poppy" is taken from the name of the flower.
SYMBOLISM
Poppies have long been used as a symbol of sleep, peace, and death: Sleep because the opium extracted from them is a sedative, and death because of the common blood-red color of the red poppy in particular. In Greek and Roman myths, poppies were used as offerings to the dead. Poppies used as emblems on tombstones symbolize eternal sleep. This symbolism was evoked in the children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, in which a magical poppy field threatened to make the protagonists sleep forever. A second interpretation of poppies in Classical mythology is that the bright scarlet color signifies a promise of resurrection after death.
The poppy of wartime remembrance is Papaver rhoeas, the red-flowered corn poppy. This poppy is a common plant of disturbed ground in Europe and is found in many locations, including Flanders, which is the setting of the famous poem "In Flanders Fields" by the Canadian surgeon and soldier John McCrae. In Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand, artificial poppies (plastic in Canada, paper in the UK, Australia, South Africa, Malta and New Zealand) are worn to commemorate those who died in war. This form of commemoration is associated with Remembrance Day, which falls on November 11. In Canada, Australia and the UK, poppies are often worn from the beginning of November through to the 11th, or Remembrance Sunday if that falls on a later date. In New Zealand and Australia, soldiers are also commemorated on ANZAC day (April 25), although the poppy is still commonly worn around Remembrance Day. Wearing of poppies has been a custom since 1924 in the United States. Miss Moina Michael of Georgia is credited as the founder of the Memorial Poppy in the United States.
Red-flowered poppy is unofficially considered the national flower of the Albanians in Albania, Kosovo and elsewhere. This is due to its red and black colors, the same as the colors of the flag of Albania.
The California poppy, Eschscholzia californica, is the state flower of California.
The powerful symbolism of Papaver rhoeas has been borrowed by various advocacy campaigns, such as the White Poppy and Simon Topping's black poppy.
HISTORY AND INFLUENCE
Papaver somniferum was domesticated by the indigenous people of Western and Central Europe between 6000 and 3500 BC. However, it is believed that its origins may come from the Sumerian people, where the first use of opium was recognized. Poppies and opium made their way around the world along the silk road. Juglets resembling poppy seed pods have been discovered with trace amounts of opium and the flower appeared in jewelry and on art pieces in Egypt, dated 1550-1292 BC.
The eradication of poppy cultivation came about in the early 1900s through international conferences due to safety concerns associated with the production of opium. In the 1970s the American war on drugs targeted Turkish production of the plant, leading to a more negative popular opinion of the U.S.
WIKIPEDIA
The five story apartment at 63 Bank Street made its mark into infamy on the evening of February 1, 1979. That evening a small celebration was being held for the return of 21-year-old John Simon Ritchie who had just been released on bail following a concert altercation two months prior and having been charged with the murder of his girlfriend Nancy Spungen just two months prior to that. Later that evening while enjoying a welcome-home gift of some heroin provided by his dear loving mother, young John went to sleep at 3am next to his new girlfriend Michele Robinson. A slumber from which John, better known to millions as Sid Vicious (bassist for the punk rock group the Sex Pistols), would never awake after having had overdosed on heroin.
John Ritchie had been born in South East London in 1957. He was given the nickname of Sid Vicious by former band mate John Lydon (aka Johnny Rotten, lead singer for the Sex Pistols). After Ritchie was bitten by Lydon’s pet hamster, Sid, Lydon proclaimed that, “Sid is really vicious!” The two friends went on to form one of the most influential punk rock bands of all-time, the Sex Pistols. A band, mind you, which only lasted two and a half years and only ever released one full length studio album—Never Mind the Bollocks, Here’s the SexPistols.
The band broke up in January 1978 and in the ensuing months Vicious helped record some material for a film titled The Great Rock ‘n’ Roll Swindle. On the morning of October 12 of that same year, Vicious’ life took a turn for the worst when he awoke to find his girlfriend Nancy Spungen dead in the bathroom with a single stab wound to her stomach via a hunting knife owned by Vicious himself. With no recollection of the events of the night prior Vicious was a prime suspect himself. When he called the police upon discovery of Spungen’s body he even confessed, “I did it because I’m a dirty dog.” Vicious later retracted this statement claiming he actually had no memory of prior evening. Drug tests at the time of his arrest later confirmed that Vicious would have been incapable of the attack due to the excessive amount of sedatives within his body.
Whether Vicious performed the act or not, he never forgave himself for whatever transpired that evening. On February 1, 1979 Sid took his own life. A few days after his death, his mother found a suicide note in the pocket of his leather jacket stating that he and Nancy had a death pact and he asked to be burying next to her. In 2006 Vicious and his former band mates in the Sex Pistols were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, an event which the surviving members refused to attend calling the museum, “a piss stain.”
For more history regarding this site, including how you can visit this locale via one of our MP3 audio walking tours, check out our site here: iwalkedaudiotours.com/2012/06/iwalked-new-york-city%E2%80...
Solanum nigrum L.
Famiglia solanaceae
Nomi comuni: Erba mora, Erba Morella, Pomidorella, Ballerina.
Un’altra solanacea delle circa 2000 specie presenti, di cui una decina delle quali sono spontanee in Italia. Famiglia di cui fanno parte la melanzana, la patata, l peperone e il pomodoro.
Vegeta in tutto il mondo e in particolare nelle vicinanze delle zone frequentate dall’uomo (Sinantropica).
E’ una pianta tossica anche se, in uno studio risalente al 1927, il botanico svizzero Gustav Hegi, in un suo importante studio, sostiene che in alcuni casi, le bacche siano risultate commestibili, ossie prive delle varie sostanze nocive, come la Solanina.
Curiosità: Il nome generico sembra derivi dal latino “sollievo” in riferimento alle sue proprietà sedative e narcotiche, il nome comune dal colore delle numerose bacche di colore nere.
Nel Medio-Evo era inserita in una sorta di elenco di piante definito il “Catalogo della levatrice”; in oltre, durante gli interventi chirurgici, il suo succo veniva usato per anestetizzare il paziente.
Solanum nigrum L.
family solanaceae
Common names: blackberry Grass , Grass Morella, Pomidorella , Ballerina.
Another solanacea of about 2000 species , of which a dozen of which are spontaneous in Italy. Family which includes eggplant , potato, pepper and the tomato.
Vegeta all over the world and in particular in the vicinity of areas frequented by humans ( synanthropic ) .
It ' a toxic plant even if , in a study dating back to 1927, the Swiss botanist Gustav Hegi , in his important study , says that in some cases, edible berries have been found , ie lacking the various harmful substances , such as Solanine .
Curiosity : The generic name seems to derive from the Latin "relief" in reference to its sedative and narcotic , the common name for the color of many berries of black color .
In the Middle Ages it was inserted in a sort of list of plants called the "Catalog of the midwife", in addition , during surgery , its juice was used to anesthetize the patient.
Solanum nigrum L.
Familia Solanaceae
Nombres comunes: blackberry Grass , Grass Morella, Pomidorella , bailarina .
Otra solanacea de aproximadamente 2.000 especies , de las cuales una docena de los cuales son espontáneas en Italia. Familia que incluye berenjena, patata, pimiento y tomate.
Vegeta en todo el mundo y en particular en las inmediaciones de las zonas frecuentadas por los seres humanos ( sinantropica ) .
Es una planta tóxica , incluso si , en un estudio que data de 1927, el botánico suizo Gustav Hegi , en su importante estudio , dice que, en algunos casos , se han encontrado bayas comestibles , es decir, que carecen de las diversas sustancias nocivas, como la solanina .
Curiosidad : El nombre genérico parece derivar del latiìn "alivio" en referencia a sus efectos sedantes y narcóticos , el nombre común para el color de muchas bayas de color negro .
En la Edad Media se inserta en una especie de lista de plantas llamados el "Catálogo de la partera" , además , durante la cirugía, se utilizaba el jugo para anestesiar al paciente.
In the Russian-Ukrainian war from February to the present, the stage of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The invasion was the largest war in Europe since World War II.
World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War - World War III, Nuclear War, Space War (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 revised version, multilingual comparison global network version)
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World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War - World War III, Nuclear War, Space War (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 revised version, multilingual comparison of the global network version) once the edition came out, immediately got the praise of readers and netizens around the world. In order to meet the needs of hundreds of millions of people, the author has revised and republished it for the benefit of readers and netizens.
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Fang Ruida, leader international mondial, parle de la paix mondiale et de la guerre - Troisième Guerre mondiale, guerre nucléaire, guerre spatiale (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 version révisée, comparaison multilingue de la version du réseau mondial) une fois l’édition sortie, a immédiatement reçu les éloges des lecteurs et des internautes du monde entier. Afin de répondre aux besoins de centaines de millions de personnes, l’auteur l’a révisé et republié au profit des lecteurs et des internautes.
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World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War--The Third World War, Nuclear War, Space War
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21-22
In the 20th century, science and technology have been highly developed, social productivity has advanced by leaps and bounds, and the modern civilization and free rational cognitive perception of human society have gradually developed and changed. Human society has opened up a new planetary civilization, which is an inevitable trend of history. Of course, today's human society also It presents various crises and challenges, clashes of civilizations, geopolitics, territorial disputes, spheres of influence, fetishism, political and economic systems, economic models, etc. as well as climate change, resource environment, population growth, wealth gap, plague Viruses, natural disasters, religious beliefs, racial discrimination, vicious competition, even armed war or nuclear war, etc. Countries such as the United States, China, Russia, Europe, India and Pakistan are among them. Without contradiction and competition, there would be no world, and similarly, without peace and compromise There will be no world if you share wealth with each other. Take one step or two steps back, and the sky will be vast. Nuclear weapons are very powerful and worth mentioning. However, the competition between countries and ethnic groups, in the final analysis, mainly lies in economic and political civilization, and of course also includes land, population, resources, etc. Culture, technology, military, influence, sphere of influence, etc. War is just an important unconventional form, just like animal fighting and killing. However, whether animal groups fight inside or outside, there is also considerable compromise and sharing. Otherwise, Animal species groups will also completely disappear or perish. The same is true for the evolutionary history of human society. There is no doubt about it. Whether you are a politician, a military strategist, or a philosopher, a thinker or a sociologist, Anthropologists, no exception.
After World War II, the world formed a Cold War situation: the two major military organizations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact Organization (Warsaw Pact), began to expand their arms and prepare for war. The United States and the Soviet Union launched an arms race and had nuclear weapons reserves. Vulnerable states will rely on the military protection of great powers as a way to maintain their own security.
The phrase World War III began to appear in communiqués between leaders of various countries. With a large number of high-tech applications in the military field, especially the extensive development and proliferation of nuclear weapons, people have provided a great space for the imagination of the third world war: some people think that the third world war will be a scale that spreads all over the world. The world's nuclear war, this war will become the greatest catastrophe in the history of human civilization. The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 was once considered the closest crisis in human history to World War III: a confrontation between two powers with unprecedented nuclear power that lasted for decades in the Caribbean Sea. Although the incident was resolved smoothly, full-scale nuclear war has since become a nickname for World War III.
With the development of the world, more and more people believe that the third world war will become a historical term that will never appear, or a war that will not happen in a visible period of time, all because of the balance of power between the United States and the Soviet Union. And implement a policy of mutually assured destruction so that war does not break out.
The Third World War is an imaginary large-scale war in the next world. During the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, if a war broke out between the two sides, its seriousness could be called the Third World War, but fortunately, both sides tried their best to War was avoided, and neither side broke out until the end of the Cold War. So far, the three wars have only been speculated and imagined, and they have not broken out, but once they break out, they will seriously affect everyone on the earth. After the great ordeal of the Cold War, the Soviet Union yearned for peace and opposed war.
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With a large number of high-tech applications in the military field, especially the extensive development and proliferation of nuclear weapons, people have provided great space for the imagination of the third world war - some people believe that the third world war will be a large-scale The nuclear war in the world will become the greatest catastrophe in the history of human civilization. Among them, the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 was once considered to be the crisis closest to the Third World War in human history - the confrontation between two great powers with unprecedented nuclear forces in the Caribbean Sea lasted for dozens of days, bringing the possibility of war to the ground. Raised to unprecedented heights.
From different perspectives, there are many reasons for the outbreak of the Third World War, and the government and the people have different views, such as the war launched by the former Soviet Union against the West, the rise of China, and the war in the Middle East.
There are many different reasons for the outbreak of wars, and the camps are also different. It is believed that some countries will use the atomic bomb, and the war may extend into space. The war broke out because, for example, the United States suppressed a rising China. Military conflict between India, Vietnam, the Philippines and China, Israel and Middle East countries, Middle East or Iran and European and American countries, North Korea nuclear attack on South Korea or Japan, China and South Korea discord, military conflict broke out, the United States returned to the Asia-Pacific region affected by Asia State conflict, etc. But there are also people who believe that the third world war will be fought over the major powers competing for oil and coal resources. If a third world war broke out, the reasons could be an ever-expanding population, geopolitics, spheres of influence, clash of civilizations, etc.
Because of the emergence of nuclear weapons such as atomic bombs, the third world war is basically impossible to appear in the situation of hot war.
There is a global nuclear war on the earth, and the world has launched atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs with a nuclear yield of more than 20 billion tons of TNT. Complete
Geography, climate and environment: Due to the radioactive pollution caused by nuclear explosions, most animals are sacrificed, and only creatures on the seabed and low-level life are likely to survive, various chemical reactions pollute the atmosphere, sunlight is hindered, the temperature of the earth is lowered, and the equator has dropped to freezing point Below, human architecture will disappear in the next few hundred years.
Impact on people and species: most people have become extinct, some animals on the ground have become extinct, and some animals and plants have mutated
The man who almost became the emperor of all Europe, he made all Europe tremble.
Guderian (Germany) the father of the tank.
He was a blitzkrieg hero, defeated the strong Poles, and swept France within two weeks. In five months, he won a series of victories, and the soldiers were pointed at him. up to two million people.
Julius Caesar (Ancient Rome) Symbol of ancient Rome.
He fought in Gaul, and he competed with Pompey for the hegemony. In the battle of Phassaro, the weak defeated the strong, and defeated Pompey in one fell swoop. After that, no one could match the enemy. Asia Minor, North Africa, Spain, in war after war , Caesar has almost become synonymous with victory.
Khalid (Arabian) Sword of Allah.
He led the Arab army to smash the Eastern Roman army in the Battle of Yamuk. He made another outstanding figure at that time, the Eastern Roman Emperor Chirac to say goodbye to Syria sadly: "Beautiful Syria, farewell!"
Suvorov (Russia) the first player in Russian history.
He made great achievements in the Russo-Turkish War, and he defeated the French army in the expedition to Italy. He was the only commander in Napoleon's era who could rival Napoleon. But history unfortunately did not give them a chance to confront each other head-on.
Hannibal (Carthage) Lone Hero.
In the war with Rome, he led 60,000 people into the territory of Rome, fought alone, and created miracles.
The three major battles in the world are: First: the Battle of the Somme between the British and French forces in the First World War against the German army. It lasted half a year. The two sides invested more than 1.5 million troops, and the number of casualties reached an astonishing 1.3 million. The battle was fought by the British and French forces. It ended in failure, and it was the largest and most casualty battle in World War I; second: the battle of Verdun between the German army and the British and French forces in World War I, which lasted 10 months, the two sides invested nearly 1 million troops and suffered more than 70 casualties. 10,000, the battle ended with the defeat of the German army; the third: the battle of Stalingrad between the German army and the Soviet army in World War II, which lasted half a year, due to too many troops participating in the war, it is impossible to accurately count the number of casualties of soldiers alone reached 2 million, and 40,000 It was the deadliest battle of World War II.
"The Art of War"
"Sun Tzu's Art of War" is the most famous military book in ancient China and the earliest extant "Sacred Book of Military Studies" in the world. The author Sun Wu, also known as Sun Tzu or Sun Wuzi, courtesy name Changqing, was a native of Le'an (now Huimin County, Shandong) in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Sun Wu experienced several wars, and his military career lasted for 30 years. "Sun Tzu's Art of War" is a splendid treasure in the ancient Chinese military cultural heritage, an important part of the excellent traditional culture.
"Theory of War"
"On War" is known as the classic work of modern Western military theory, the author is Karl von Clausewitz. "Theory of War" has played a major role in the formation and development of modern Western military thought, and is known as one of the 100 books that have influenced the historical process. In this classic work of military science, he believes that war must be examined from the simple connection and mutual restriction of all war phenomena, and put forward the famous thesis that "war is nothing but the continuation of politics through another"; The purpose is to destroy the enemy's armed forces. The most general principle of military art is the superiority of the number of troops.
"Grand Strategy"
The full name of "Grand Strategy" is "Grand Strategy: Principles and Practice", the author John Collins (John Co11ins) is a famous American strategic theorist. book. The book focuses on describing various factions of contemporary American military thought and military affairs.
"The Influence of Sea Power on History"
"The Influence of Sea Power on History" is the first part of Mahan's "Sea Power Theory Trilogy", and it is also the first successful work of Mahan's theory of sea power. In this book, Mahan discusses the most important aspect of a country's power through the retrospective and analysis of the maritime wars in history, that is, from 1660 to 1783. Mahan's Sea Power Theory.
"Strategy"
"Strategy" by Reed Hart. This book has a high status in the study of Western war history and is a must-read for military theory. Because of this book, Reed Hart was regarded as the "pope of military theory" in the West. The author makes a detailed analysis using rich historical materials. "Strategy Theory" has high historical value. Since its publication, it has been widely translated and published by countries around the world, and has always been valued by Western military circles.
"Air Dominance"
"Air Dominance" was also translated into "Theory of Air Dominance" and "Theory of Air Force Strategy", which proposed the idea of air dominance. Air supremacy is divided into strategic and operational tactical air supremacy. Mastery of the air can have a major impact on the outcome of a war.
"The Science of Winning"
"The Science of Winning" was written by Marshal Suvorov of the Russian Empire. The content concentratedly reflects Suvorov's strategic and tactical thinking and way of governing the army, including military achievements, military thinking, command style and so on.
"Military Strategy"
In the early 1960s, the Soviet Union published the book "Military Strategy". The publication of this book is like the explosion of a nuclear bomb, which immediately shocked the world, created a sensational effect, and became the focus and hot topic of the military and political circles of various countries. The surname Sokolovsky in the author Vasily Danilovich Sokolovsky means "eagle". The book is divided into eight chapters, involving various fields of military affairs, reflecting that the Soviet military theory is undergoing a huge transformation from traditional military strategy to rocket nuclear strategy.
Introduction to the Art of War
"An Introduction to the Art of War" by A. H. Jomini. This book is divided into seven chapters and forty-seven sections.
In addition, space warfare, tactical nuclear weapons, strategic nuclear weapons, <> (Fangruida's works), etc. There are also many other works that are well-known all over the world. Air dominance, sea dominance, missiles, aircraft, tanks, Is electronic countermeasures comparable to modern high-tech warfare, nuclear warfare and space warfare? The answer is no. Will there be crooks and lunatics in the world? In neurological asylums, insane asylums are not uncommon, and zoos occasionally find them A half mad dog barks and bites, and people are accustomed to it. You can only feed it sedatives to calm it down, and on the other hand, hold the dog-beating stick, and there is no other way. Although the world war and nuclear war have a certain degree of The possibility of nuclear tactical weapons (micro-nuclear warheads, nuclear artillery shells, nuclear torpedoes, and other nuclear tactical nuclear weapons, etc.) may occur on one side. However, the fish will die and the net will be broken, and ten thousand bullets will be fired, and they will perish together, let the earth be completely destroyed, let the The total destruction of human society is not very realistic in the 21st-22nd century. If the earth does not exist, then everything becomes meaningless. Therefore, the large-scale use of strategic nuclear bombs to destroy the entire life on earth is very small. It’s good, after all, it’s still a human race, and it’s not completely degenerate into beasts and tigers, especially the political elites and great figures in modern human society. Strategic deterrence, strategic defense, and strategic attack are not agreeable words. Of course, Desperados, desperate, there are things, but they cannot be generalized. Are there really madmen and sages and gods in the world, hundreds of trillions of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs are launched, the earth, the moon, Mars, Jupiter, the sun, the Milky Way, black holes, The Milky Way, ...... is fleeting, isn't this the myth of the Big Bang that created the universe? This is probably only known to God and Zeus.
A soldier who does not want to be a general is not a good soldier---Napoleon (France)
A soldier's best destination is to be killed by the last bullet in the last battle - Patton (United States)
Only those who are not afraid of death deserve to live - MacArthur (United States) If I know that there is a minefield on the way forward, I will let the troops go directly to it-----Zhukov (Soviet Union)
Whoever fires first and can make the most intense concentrated fire will win - Rommel (Germany)
"The conflict of World War II across the theater was the 20th century with unprecedented casualties and devastation. An estimated 80 million to 120 million people died in the war.
Affected countries First World War Second World War
Deaths 20 million 72-100 million
Injured 20 million 35 million
Conscription 70 million 110 million
Battlefield size 4 million square kilometers 22 million square kilometers
World wars profoundly affected the course of world history, the old European empires were destroyed or divided or severely damaged, the direct cause was the staggering cost of the war, or in some cases defeat by the great powers, the war weakened or even cut off the main colonial powers and colonies. The connection made the colonies operate in a semi-autonomous state. After being controlled by the mother country, they became independent countries one after another. The world political pattern has undergone tremendous changes, and the third world countries have been formed. Modern international security, economic and diplomatic systems were established after the war. Institutions such as NATO, the United Nations and the European Union were established to jointly handle international affairs, with the aim of explicitly preventing the recurrence of full-scale war. War also dramatically changed everyday life. Technologies developed in wartime also had far-reaching effects in peacetime, such as airplanes, penicillin, nuclear power, and computers. "(quoted from Wiki)
All kinds of battles and conflicts, sometimes hostile parties compromise with each other, and resolve various disputes through peaceful negotiation; Of course, from the perspective of the development and changes of the entire human society, the trend of peaceful development is always the mainstream, and the state of war is not the mainstream norm after all. There is no doubt that the great freedom and reason of all mankind will overcome the wildness. Otherwise, human society will collapse. It will be completely destroyed. Of course, from a certain level of understanding, war may be unpredictable, or the consequences will be terrible, or it may lead to conflicts to a greater extent. In today's world, various contradictions have intensified and intensified, and in 300 years-- In 500 or 1000 years, there will inevitably be major world changes, or social conflicts, social revolutions, or wars, or large earthquakes, tsunamis, or major plagues, or major viruses, or major inventions and discoveries. , (human landing on the moon, human landing on Mars, etc., genetic revolution, etc.), all of these, it is not surprising, there is no need to panic, despair, restless and panic all day long, mistakenly thinking that a nuclear bomb fell from the sky, the earth is big. Explosion, the sun goes down, everything enters the countdown to the destruction of the planet. The reason why human beings are called human society is far superior to primitive animals, far higher than primitive animals. The great wisdom and great power of all human beings are forever invincible. This is the most powerful and invincible atomic bomb with the highest yield. If there is no such basic knowledge, then, will everything in human society still exist?
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World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War--The Third World War, Nuclear War, Space War , a great scientist, philosopher, thinker, sociologist, anthropologist, cosmologist, military engineer, nuclear energy expert, and world-renowned. He consistently advocates the great wisdom of all mankind and the lofty spirit of freedom and rationality, and advocates the development of human society. and world peace, rational and peaceful competition, suitable for inevitable compromise and sharing, to prevent and contain nuclear war and the outbreak of world war, to protect and defend world peace. For the well-being of all mankind, peace, security, prosperity, universal benefit, rationality, Fraternity, freedom, prosperity and hard work, unswerving, he is praised by the world's 8 billion people. Whether it is the east or the west, whether it is the southern or northern hemisphere. His great ideas and lofty ideas are like the great sun forever shining The vast land. This is the core content of this article. (Bick November 2021, revised in 2022)
Fang Ruida, leader international mondial, parle de la paix mondiale et de la guerre - Troisième Guerre mondiale, guerre nucléaire, guerre spatiale (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 version révisée, comparaison multilingue version du réseau mondial)
Leader mondial Leader international Fang Ruida sur la paix et la guerre mondiales - la troisième guerre mondiale, la guerre nucléaire, la guerre spatiale
More Info.
In the 1950s, the drug thalidomide, administered as a sedative to pregnant women, led to the birth of thousands of children with multiple defects. Despite the teratogenicity of thalidomide and its derivatives lenalidomide and pomalidomide, these immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) recently emerged as effective treatments for multiple myeloma and 5q-deletion-associated dysplasia. IMiDs target the E3 ubiquitin ligase CUL4–RBX1–DDB1–CRBN (known as CRL4CRBN) and promote the ubiquitination of the IKAROS family transcription factors IKZF1 and IKZF3 by CRL4CRBN. Here we present crystal structures of the DDB1–CRBN complex bound to thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide. The structure establishes that CRBN is a substrate receptor within CRL4CRBN and enantioselectively binds IMiDs. Using an unbiased screen, we identified the homeobox transcription factor MEIS2 as an endogenous substrate of CRL4CRBN. Our studies suggest that IMiDs block endogenous substrates (MEIS2) from binding to CRL4CRBN while the ligase complex is recruiting IKZF1 or IKZF3 for degradation. This dual activity implies that small molecules can modulate an E3 ubiquitin ligase and thereby upregulate or downregulate the ubiquitination of proteins.
More
scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2010/03/12/how-thalidomide-cau...
More 2
www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/podcast/CIIEcompounds/transcri...
UK
1957 - Thalidomide is licensed in Germany
1957 - Germany main release of the drug (test marketing started at least a year earlier)
1958 - Thalidomide is licensed in the UK to Distillers
1958 - UK distribution begins through the NHS
1960 - Drug companies attempted to release Thalidomide in the USA but held back by Dr Frances Kelsey of the FDA until evidence of its safety was proven
1961 - Drug withdrawal announced in Germany, UK withdrawal commenced within a week, newborns still affected till 1965
1962 - A Belgian woman was found not guilty of murdering her thalidomide baby
1962 - First (and final) public announcement in UK that drug was not to be used
1964 - It's discovered that the drug had a radical effect on some of the painful symptoms of leprosy
1973 - The Thalidomide Trust is established
1978 - The first German pharmaceutical law was passed in 1978, tests for teratogenicity became a legal requirement for drug approval.
1980s - Scientists once again became interested in the drug's complex properties and researchers began to explore its use in the treatment of a number of diseases, including cancer
1986 - Guinness bought Distillers
Late 1990's - It becomes apparent that many of the thalidomide surviors were encountering health problems including accelerated wear of joints and limbs, which were causing pain and further disability. By the age of 40, a number have had to have hip replacements and even shoulder replacements
1995 - Guinness agrees to contribute financially to the Thalidomide Trust
1997 - Dr. Bart Barlogie’s reported thalidomide’s initial effectiveness against Multiple Myeloma and it was later approved in the United States by the FDA for use in this malignancy
1998 - Guinness merges with Grand Metropolitan and forms Diageo
2004 - the government agrees to grant tax exemption to thalidomide beneficiaries of the Thalidomide Trust
2005 - Diageo makes an agreement with the Thalidomide Trust to increase funds
2009 - The UK Government admits it will contribute three years of limited funding to the Thalidomide Trust to assist with health needs
2010 - The UK Government acknowledges the pain and suffering caused by all those affected by thalidomide.
German
1954 - Grünenthal Thalidomid Patente
1957 - Unter Thalidomid in Deutschland zugelassen
1957 - Deutschland Haupt Freisetzung des Wirkstoffs (Test -Marketing gestartet Mindestens ein Jahr zuvor )
1958 - Unter Thalidomid in Großbritannien lizenziert Distillers
1958 - Durch die NHS UK Verteilung beginnt
1960 - Thalidomid Drug Handelsunternehmen versucht, in den USA frei zweite von Dr. Frances Kelsey von der FDA zurückgehalten , bis tystio of-its Sicherheit nachgewiesen
1961 - Drogenentzug in Deutschland angekündigt , begann UK Rückzug Innerhalb einer Woche , Neugeborene noch bis 1965 betroffen
1962 - Eine belgische Frau wurde festgestellt, nicht schuldig des Mordes Herausforderung Thalidomid Baby
1962 - Erste (und letzte ) cyhoedd Ankündigung in Großbritannien Das Medikament war nicht, was zu Gebraucht
1964 - Es ist entdeckt fod y Medikament hatte eine radikale Wirkung auf einige der schmerzhaften Symptome der Lepra
1973 - Der Contergan- TreuunterGegründet
1978 - Die erste deutsche Pharma Hand wurde im Jahre 1978 bestanden , Tests für TERATOGENITÄT wurde eine gesetzliche Verpflichtung für Drogen cymeradwyaeth .
1980er Jahre - Wissenschaftler unwaith wurde wieder interessieren sich komplexe Eigenschaften und Forscher des Medikaments zu erforschen begann er stellt defnyddio im filfeddygol einer rhif von Krankheiten , Krebs gynnwys
1986 - Guinness gekauft Distillers
Ende der 1990er Jahre - Es wird deutlich, dass viele der Thalidomid surviors wir , die das Gesundheitswesen problemau gynnwys beschleunigten Verschleiß der Gelenke und Gliedmaßen , die weiter sind wir was zu Schmerzen und Behinderung. Bis zum Alter von 40 , und musste oes oes rhif Hüftprothesen und sogar Schulterendoprothetik
1995 - Guinness stimmt , sich finanziell an der Thalidomid Vertrauen cyfrannu
1997 - Dr. Bart Barlogie die durch Thalidomid cychwynnol Medizinische Wirksamkeit gegen Multiple Myeloma Sample Image berichtet und es wurde in den USA von der FDA für defnyddio in dieser Bösartigkeit genehmigt
1998 - Guinness verschmilzt mit Grand Metropolitan und Diageo Formen
2004 - Die Regierung stimmt zu Steuerbefreiung für Thalidomid der Begünstigten der Thalidomid Vertrauen gewähren
2005 - Diageo macht eine Vereinbarung mit dem Thalidomid Trust Fonds erhöhen
2009 - Die britische Regierung räumt ein, drei Jahre der begrenzten Mittel EI cyfrannu auf die Thalidomid Trust mit Gesundheit Bedürfnissen zu unterstützen
2010 - Die britische Regierung räumt ein, die Schmerzen und Leiden von Thalidomid verursacht werden, können , die mit dem betroffenen
Spanish
Historia
La talidomida fue creado por Grünenthal en 1953 y fue utilizado a finales de 1950 y principios de 1960 como una "droga milagrosa" para el tratamiento de las náuseas, dolores de cabeza, tos, insomnio y resfriados. La talidomida fue comercializada en el Reino Unido bajo el nombre Distaval en 1958, y destacó los anuncios de seguridad completa del medicamento, utilizando frases como "no tóxico" y "no hay toxicidad conocida".
Sin embargo, en 1961 un médico australiano, William McBride, escribió a la revista The Lancet después de notar un aumento en los bebés que nacen deformes en su hospital - todo a las madres que habían tomado Talidomida.
Entre 1958 y 1962, decenas de miles de mujeres de toda Europa descubrieron que el bebé que llevaban inexplicablemente abortado, o, peor aún, después de dar a luz se les dijo que estaba muerto. Miles de personas descubrieron que sus bebés nacieron con defectos congénitos graves, los brazos, las piernas, que faltan o con reducciones severas a estos miembros, o peor aún, el daño a sus órganos internos, cerebro, corazón, riñones, intestinos, genitales, etc Durante 1962 guardianes de los registros empezó a contar toda la vida los niños que nacieron dañado por la droga. Los únicos registros completos son de los que sobrevivieron lo suficiente como para participar en los sistemas nacionales de indemnización, que se establecieron en Alemania, Gran Bretaña, Japón, Suecia y Australia en la década de 1970. La dificultad para descubrir el número de víctimas del desastre comienza con los números desconocidos de abortos involuntarios y mortinatos (posiblemente hasta diez veces el número de nacidos vivos), y la práctica generalizada del infanticidio.
Las lesiones de la talidomida no se detuvo una vez que los bebés nacieron. A la edad de cincuenta años, los registros de la confianza talidomida muestran que cerca de la mitad de todos los sobrevivientes están lidiando con el dolor crónico - principalmente de músculos y articulaciones (dolor musculoesquelético), en gran parte como resultado de los desafíos de vivir con la falta o ramas dañadas. Para muchos, sus cuerpos se deterioran mucho más rápido que las personas sanas. Algunos han dicho palabras en el sentido de "su cuerpo está recibiendo los problemas de alguien en los setenta", que a los cuarenta o cincuenta años de edad no es una buena noticia. Al menos una cuarta están lidiando con el desarrollo de problemas neurológicos, hormigueo, entumecimiento y dolor en las extremidades afectadas. Esto significa que una persona puede ser la celebración de una taza, por ejemplo, y lo siguiente que sé es que ha caído al suelo y se rompe, debido a la sensación de adormecimiento en la mano. Para estos sobrevivientes, el desastre está siendo poco a poco se desarrolla en su día a día.
Grünenthal científicos no sólo fueron negligentes al no haber retirado la droga cuando los informes de problemas de vino, o por no probarlo de acuerdo a los estándares de la época, pero más que la mayoría de las empresas que estaban muy bien situados para prever la posibilidad de que la talidomida haría causar defectos de nacimiento.
Grünenthal inicialmente negó las acusaciones de que el medicamento no ha sido ampliamente probado de acuerdo con los estándares de la época, pero una vez que el escándalo se hizo innegable, trataron de desviar la culpa y limitar el daño.
En 1961, la talidomida fue finalmente retirada después de haber sido encontrado para ser un teratogan - una de las causas de los defectos congénitos. 12 años después, el Reino Unido, Distillers Company Limited (ahora Bioquímicos Diageo) - encargada de la distribución de la droga en el Reino Unido - llegó a un acuerdo de compensación después de una batalla legal por las familias de los afectados.
Sobre la base de evidencia incompleta médica y expectativas poco realistas de la talidomida futuro sobrevivientes necesita esta solución ha resultado ser en un nivel adecuado. Con todos los sobrevivientes de la talidomida en el Reino Unido ahora más de 50 años de edad, ya no es suficiente para hacer frente a su creciente costo de vida, y el dramático deterioro de su salud.
A día de hoy, Grünenthal nunca ha aceptado la responsabilidad por el sufrimiento causado por la talidomida. El 1 de septiembre de 2012, el Grupo Grünenthal emitió una declaración que contenga una disculpa, diciendo que "lamenta" las consecuencias de la droga, lo que llevó a los bebés que nacen sin extremidades durante los años 1950 y 1960. Aunque la declaración fue bien recibida por algunos sobrevivientes de la talidomida, no es todavía una aceptación de responsabilidad. Ellos sólo quieren vivir una vida cómoda, y eso quiere decir Grünenthal deben rendir cuentas y pagar por su error financieramente.
Italian
Storia
La talidomide è stato creato da Grünenthal nel 1953 ed è stato utilizzato alla fine del 1950 e 1960 come un "farmaco miracoloso" per curare la malattia di mattina, mal di testa, tosse, insonnia e raffreddori. La talidomide è stato commercializzato nel Regno Unito con il nome di Distaval nel 1958, e la pubblicità ha sottolineato sicurezza del farmaco, con frasi come "non tossico" e "nessuna tossicità conosciuto".
Tuttavia, nel 1961 un medico australiano, William McBride, ha scritto al Lancet dopo aver notato un aumento delle nascite di bimbi malformati essendo nati a suo ospedale - tutti da madri che avevano assunto talidomide.
Tra il 1958 e il 1962 decine di migliaia di donne in tutta Europa ha scoperto che il bambino che portavano inspiegabilmente abortito, o, peggio, dopo che ha dato alla luce hanno detto che era morto. Altre migliaia hanno scoperto che i loro bambini hanno gravi difetti di nascita, braccia, gambe, mancanti o con gravi riduzioni a queste arti, o peggio ancora, danni ai loro organi interni, cervello, cuore, reni, intestino, genitali, ecc Nel 1962 custodi record cominciò a contare tutta la vita i bambini che sono nati danneggiati dal farmaco. Le uniche registrazioni complete sono di coloro che sono sopravvissuti abbastanza a lungo per partecipare ai sistemi di indennizzo nazionali, che sono stati stabiliti in Germania, Gran Bretagna, Giappone, Svezia e Australia nel 1970. La difficoltà nello scoprire il bilancio del disastro inizia con i numeri sconosciuti di aborti spontanei e nati morti (forse fino a dieci volte il numero di nati vivi), e la pratica diffusa di infanticidio.
Le lesioni Talidomide non si è fermata una volta che i bambini sono nati. All'età di 50, del Trust talidomide i tabulati mostrano che circa la metà di tutti i sopravvissuti stanno affrontando con dolore cronico - principalmente da muscoli e le articolazioni (il dolore muscoloscheletrico), soprattutto a causa delle sfide della vita con mancanti o arti danneggiati. Per molti, i loro corpi si stanno deteriorando molto più veloce di persone abili. Molti hanno detto parole per l'effetto "il tuo corpo è sempre il problema di qualcuno nei loro anni settanta", che a 40-50 anni di età non è una buona notizia. Almeno un quarto stanno affrontando con lo sviluppo di problemi neurologici, formicolio, intorpidimento e dolore a carico degli arti colpiti. Ciò significa che una persona può essere in possesso di un tazza, per esempio, e la prossima cosa che so è che è caduto a terra e rotto, a causa del torpore in mano. Per questi sopravvissuti, il disastro è ancora lentamente svolgendo nel loro giorno per giorno la vita.
Grünenthal scienziati non erano solo negligenza nel non ritirare il farmaco quando i report di problemi è venuto in, o per non aver testarlo secondo gli standard del tempo, ma più che la maggior parte delle aziende erano molto ben disposti ad anticipare la possibilità che Thalidomide avrebbe causare difetti di nascita.
Grünenthal inizialmente smentito che il farmaco non era stato ampiamente testati secondo gli standard del tempo, ma una volta che lo scandalo è diventata innegabile, hanno cercato di deviare la colpa e di limitare i danni.
Nel 1961 talidomide è stata infine ritirata dopo essere stato trovato per essere un teratogan - una causa di difetti di nascita. 12 anni dopo, i Distillers Company Limited, Regno Unito Biochemicals (ora Diageo) - incaricata di distribuire il farmaco nel Regno Unito - ha raggiunto un accordo di compensazione a seguito di una battaglia legale da parte delle famiglie delle persone colpite.
Sulla base di prove mediche incomplete e le aspettative non realistiche del futuro Thalidomide sopravvissuti ha bisogno di questa soluzione si è rivelata essere ad un livello insufficiente. Con tutti i sopravvissuti Talidomide nel Regno Unito ora di età superiore ai 50 anni, non è più sufficiente per affrontare la loro crescente costo della vita, e il drammatico deterioramento della loro salute.
Fino ad oggi, la Grünenthal non hanno mai accettato la responsabilità per la sofferenza causata dal talidomide. Il 1 ° settembre 2012, il Gruppo Grünenthal ha rilasciato una dichiarazione che contiene delle scuse, affermando che esso "deplora" le conseguenze della droga, che ha portato a bambini nati senza arti nel corso del 1950 e 1960. Anche se la dichiarazione è stata accolta da alcuni sopravvissuti talidomide, non è ancora una assunzione di responsabilità. Vogliono solo vivere una vita comoda, e questo significa che Grünenthal dovrebbero essere ritenuti responsabili e pagare per il loro errore finanziario.
More History
www.flickr.com/photos/duckwalk/sets/72157615944260359/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalidomide
I've never had a li'l brother. Nashu and Aanu both are like my own brothers. Im especially very attached to Nashu since he's younger among them. The cute little one burnt his hand yesterday :( And only God knows the pain he's enduring right now. We have to keep him under sedatives since he can't go through the agony... :( May Allah bless him and speed his recovery.
Highdown Gardens near Worthing, West Sussex.
Not a brilliant photo ... I went back to the garden a couple of days later, hoping to get a better picture, but for the life of me I couldn't find this plant again! It was a large shrub or small tree, growing in quite a lot of shade.
My thanks to both scott.zona and Sciadopitys for their help with the ID.
From Wikipedia -
Schisandra (Magnolia Vine) is a genus of shrub commonly grown in gardens. It is a hardy deciduous climber which thrives in virtually any soil; its preferred position is on a sheltered shady wall. It may be propagated by taking cuttings of half-matured shoots in August. Species include S. chinensis, S. glaucescens, S. rubriflora and S. rubrifolia.
It is native to East Asia, and its dried fruit is used medicinally. The berries of S. chinensis are given the name wu wei zi in Chinese, which translates as "five flavor fruit" because they possess all five basic flavors in Chinese herbal medicine: salty, sweet, sour, pungent (spicy), and bitter. In traditional Chinese medicine it is used as a remedy for many ailments: to resist infections, increase skin health, and combat insomnia, coughing, and thirst.
Over 19 species of the genus are said to be used in Chinese medicine, mostly as sedatives and tonic agents. Schisandra may also aid in the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) when combined with wormwood, ginger, buplerum, and Codonopsis pilosula. However, there is insufficient evidence to support this claim at this time.
Modern Chinese research suggests that schisandra and other lignans have a protective effect on the liver and an immunomodulating effect. Two human trials in China (one double-blind and the other preliminary) have shown that schisandra may help people with chronic viral hepatitis reports Liu KT from Studies on fructus Schizandre cinensis. Schisandra lignans appear to protect the liver by activating the enzymes that produce glutathione.
Recently, the extract of S. rubriflora, a native of the Yunnan province, was found to contain complex and highly oxygenated nortriterpenoids. The discoverers named those molecules Rubriflorins A-C.
wikipedia Young roots can be eaten like a vegetable (with a peppery flavor), or the shoots can be eaten as a salad. The whole plant was used to prepare an infusion with astringent and sedative properties. It was considered to be effective in healing asthmatic coughs, gastro-intestinal disorders, whooping cough and as a sedative pain-killer. Poultices containing O. biennis were at one time used to ease bruises and speed wound healing. One of the common names for Oenothera, "Kings cureall", reflects the wide range of healing powers ascribed to this plant, although it should be noted that its efficacy for these purposes has not been demonstrated in clinical trials.
The mature seeds contain approximately 7-10% gamma-linolenic acid, a fatty acid. The oil also contains around 70% linoleic acid.[14] The O. biennis seed oil is used to reduce the pains of premenstrual stress syndrome. Gamma-linolenic acid also shows promise against breast cancer.[15] Some side effects of using evening primrose oil are itching, sore throat and severe or extreme gassiness.
-->>..
" ..My brain is falling out. " - David
I slip as i wake from sleep.. to regain an awakeness from the midstate of conciounsness and where nightmare originate.
Excruciating amounts of Mucous slowly suffocates me. I wipe the goo from my eyes.
Red is spurting from my wrist.
Discharge,scum,muculent,gunk,mire,muck and milk.
O'.. tOkKa, your dripping..
..perhaps my she should have thrown her baby out with the bath water..
it seems so much as if she had thrown her baby off a cliff she'd have been much happier.
My ears hurt..they bleed..the blood drips from the canals..streaming away with the rest of me.
Ruination.. Toxic i drip.. ..i melt..i'm dripping..leaking.
..EVERY WAKING MOMENT.. EVERY BREAKING MOMENT.. YOU'RE IN LOVE WITH IDEALS YOU CAN NOT EVER HAVE..
..what is not solid can not truly break. i DRIP..
..every dripping moment to become a liquid cipher..
..this shell..this skin is viscous.
I leak of hypocracy..
.. Zero ..
No SOLIDARTY.. even the snowmen melt away.
I shun her..yet i am so thankful to her.
..this fragile planet can break .. i cannot.. ..
..to try break that which is ooze is only to have it consume your effort..
..be like water.. you become water..
..tho' i am premordial but less organic..
i become ooze..
purge.. ..weak.
Dead-like. Dripping..
I hate her so.. i love her so..
she'd soon see me not exist..i'd soon climb a mountain for her.
The mixture of so much hate and so much love seems undefinable..
..grey,grey sweat from blankets of anxiety.
..Snowmass.. snowbaby.
noone listens.. .. no one can help
..noone will ..words melt..soon they stop trying to understand..
..it would prolly sound sludge drops and splats on the grinders anyway.
Even if i was to be held.. i'd be as if grasping a water-balloon.
Rain.. hot;hard pavement..
snow,slush,mud..
pond,river,ocean ..
..acid..
..urine..
.. the contagioned defilement of a gorilla ..
Some kids pushed over a portable lavatory in the park.
Soggy ..slop..drip .. drip.. tOkKa drips..
..plop and puddle .. i surround myself with plastic creatures and reminders of things & personages i care about.
Stories..each creature has a story..so many of them could tell a million.
Parts of me canot listen anymore.
God i hate her so..
..i fucking hate me so..
She is killing me..
..i shall destroy me..
She is cancer.. ..i love her so..
I shun her ..yet i am so thankful to her..
..lucid.. the blur and the dreamlike slowly blob and ooze .. taking me away ..
I become less real.. more slime. Creatures are more real.
One used to pray for death before he became less solid.
Now i drip.. .. my flesh is dripping away,fizzles ..boils.. melts.
To become less than you ever were..
I am not substance to feed even he creatures.
Yet i am greatful for the distraction.
..i remain a stain to be washed away..
ASerem,chemicals,ammonias,bleach,sodium pentothal,detergent,purgative,liquor..
sedative.
Fry..
snuff the fire .. ashes wash away..
Biodegration.
I don't want to see her in hell..
Mutation.. abomination..
Blood..
.. my heart is melting..
..i need no more ..
..i became poison-primeval..
..decompose.
~~~ ~~~
.. ..Slip slimin' away ..the lovlies of Coco Rosie .. provides the Mutant Music & the backdrop for this piece ..::
-- Click here ,if you wish to listen to 'NOAH's Ark' by Coco Rosie !!--
A very special thanks to 'Jason O.' -Turtle Vidiot Extraordinaire for help on this project.
Please visit his ** TMNT Engine (click here)!!
..crayon,inks,colour pencil,MAGIC MARKER,design marker,Ph.shop,Macromedia Fireworks,water,blood,sweat,slime..
on 14" x 17" Bristol Board
- 17 ,October 2006
Our pomeranian, Sienna, has a disease. It's one of several very similar genetic disorders that are all categorized under an umbrella name known as "Alopecia X". The disease seems to be carried on the X, or female, chromosome, which explains the 'X', though both males and females can have the disease. The disease can effect any of the nordic breeds as well as poodles.
Our dog's specific disease, as best we can tell, is "Black Skin Disease", which as it's name implies causes the skin to turn black.
The cause of the disease is unknown, and there is no cure. What the disease does to the dog is stop the natural hair growth cycle in a symmetrical pattern, starting on the back and working its way forward. Extreme cases will find the the dog totally bald towards the end of its life. Dogs with double coats, like Pomeranians, will lose their outer coat first, followed by the inner.
Dogs with Alopecia X will typically keep their puppy coat longer, and their puppy coat will seem softer and more "cottony". The disease is usually activated after puberty, though it can in some cases not show up for many years. The disease does not actually harm the dog, typically, it mainly simply looks unsightly.
There is no cure, but spaying/neutering in some forms of Alopecia X can help. Sienna was spayed, and obviously that did little to halt the progression.
In some cases, about 30-40% of affected dogs, some say as high as 60%, will respond to Melatonin supplements, which is normally used on dogs (and people) as a sedative.
We will be putting Sienna on a Melatonin regimen, which I will be documenting here on Flickr. I will take a picture on Day one (sometime today or tomorrow), and then hopefully take daily or almost daily updates until we either see full remission or failure.
this beautiful weed has alleged healing properties - Considered analgesic, antacid, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, digestive, diuretic; flowers, emollient, anti-ulcerogenic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, immunomodulatory, oxytoxic, sedative and tonic.
- Secondary metabolites display oxytoxic, neuroprotective, antiviral, antibacterial, cardioactive and antitumor effects
source: stuart xchange
The 15-year-old boy sits weeping in a safehouse in central Iran, broken in body and spirit. Reza will not go outside — he is terrified of being left alone. He says he wants to end his life and it is not hard to understand why: for daring to wear the green wristband of Iran’s opposition he was locked up for 20 days, beaten, raped repeatedly and subjected to the Abu Ghraib-style sexual humiliations and abuse for which the Iranian regime denounced the United States.
“My life is over. I don’t think I can ever recover,” he said, as he recounted his experiences toThe Times — on condition that his identity not be revealed. A doctor who is treating him, at great risk to herself, confirmed that he is suicidal, and bears the appalling injuries consistent with his story. The family is desperate, and is exploring ways of fleeing Iran.
Reza is living proof of the charges levelled by Mehdi Karoubi, one of the opposition’s leaders, that prison officials are systematically raping both male and female detainees to break their wills. The regime has accused Mr Karoubi of helping Iran’s enemies by spreading lies and has threatened to arrest him.
The boy’s treatment also shows just how far a regime that claims to champion Islamic values is prepared to go to suppress millions of its own citizens who claim that President Ahmadinejad’s re-election was rigged.
Reza’s ordeal began in mid-July when he was arrested with about 40 other teenagers during an opposition demonstration in a large provincial city. Most were too young even to have voted. They were taken to what he believes was a Basiji militia base where they were blindfolded, stripped to their underwear, whipped with cables and then locked in a steel shipping container. That first night Reza was singled out by three men in plain clothes who had masqueraded as prisoners. As the other boys watched, they pushed him to the ground. One held his head down, another sat on his back and the third urinated on him before raping him.
“They were telling us they were doing this for God, and who did we think we were that we could demonstrate,” Reza said. The men told the other boys they would receive the same treatment if they did not co-operate when interrogated the next day.
Reza was then taken outside, tied to a metal pole and left there all night. The next morning one of the men returned. He asked whether Reza had learnt his lesson. “I was angry. I spat in his face and began cursing him. He elbowed me in the face a couple of times and slapped me.” Twenty minutes later, he says, the man returned with a bag full of excrement, shoved it in Reza’s face and threatened to make him eat it.
Reza was later taken to an interrogation room where he told his questioner he had been raped. “I made a mistake. He sounded kind, but my eyes were blindfolded. He said he would go look into it and I was hopeful,” Reza said.
Instead, the interrogator ordered Reza to be tied up and raped him again, saying: “This time I’ll do it, so you’ll learn not to tell these tales anywhere else. You deserve what’s coming to you. You guys should be raped until you die.”
He was subjected to further brutal sexual abuse — and locked up for three days of solitary confinement.
Reza was then forced to sign a “confession” in which he said that foreign forces had told him and his friends to burn banks and state media buildings. He was told to identify as the ringleader a 16-year-old friend who had been so badly beaten that he was in hospital.
“I was shaking so much I couldn’t even hear what they were saying,” said Reza. “I just signed whatever they put in front of me without looking at it. I was scared they would rape me again.”
The next day Reza and other detainees were transferred to a police detention centre, where he was held for a further week.
On the third day, police officers entered the cell in the middle of the night, blindfolded him and led him to the toilet, where he was again raped. “My hands began shaking, my legs were weak and I couldn’t stand up properly. I fell down and smashed my head hard on the ground to try and kill myself. I started screaming and shouting for them to kill me. I just couldn’t bear it anymore. I hated myself,” he said, weeping at the memory.
The following morning he was summoned by a police commander, who asked why he had been screaming the previous night. When he explained, he was asked to identify his rapist. The boy said he had been blindfolded, so the chief commander hit him and accused him of lying. He was forced to sign a letter admitting he had made baseless accusations against the security forces.
Reza’s ordeal was far from over. He was taken with about 130 other prisoners to the city’s Revolutionary Court, where they were herded into a yard. The judge told them that he would hang those who had violently resisted the Islamic revolution and read out the names of ten teenagers, including Reza. The message was clear: if they continued to say they had been raped they would be executed.
The judge sent them to the city’s central prison, where Reza was handcuffed and held in a small cell with six other boys for ten more days. In the evenings officers beat the boys and taunted them with the words: “You want to cause a revolution?.
Periodically, the most senior officer would take the boys away, three at a time. “When they returned they would be very quiet and uneasy,” Reza said. When his turn came he and the others were led into a small room and ordered to strip and have sex with each other. “He told us that with this we would be cleansed — we would be so shattered that we would no longer be able to look at each other. This would help calm us down.”
After 20 days Reza’s family finally secured his release on bail of about £45,000 — and with a final warning that he should say nothing about his treatment. His brother said: “A friend of mine who is a guard in the prison where Reza was being held had told me he was ill. The night he was released he was crying uncontrollably; then he broke down and told my mother everything.”
The family persuaded a hospital doctor they knew to treat him, despite the danger to herself. She has treated his physical injuries and given him antibiotics and sedatives but cannot perform an internal examination. Reza is deeply traumatised, terrified of being returned to prison and barely sleeps.
The doctor told The Times that other detainees had suffered a similiar fate. “We have many cases in the hospital but we can’t report on them. They won’t let us open a file. They don’t want any paperwork,” she said.
Drewery Dyke, an Amnesty International Iran researcher, said that Reza’s case was “consistent with other reports we have received in terms of the severity of disregard for human dignity, the unrestricted abuse without any recourse to justice, the involvement even of judicial persons in rape abuse and the denial of the basic right to healthcare”.
Reza, at least, survived to tell the world his story. The 16-year-old friend he had to name as the ringleader has since died in hospital from his injuries.
• The identities of all people mentioned in the article have been withheld.
By nature of their general training dentists can carry out the majority of dental treatments such as restorative (fillings, crowns, bridges), prosthetic (dentures), endodontic (root canal) therapy, periodontal (gum) therapy, and extraction of teeth, as well as performing examinations, radiographs (x-rays), and diagnosis. Dentists can also prescribe medications such as antibiotics, sedatives, and any other drugs used in patient management.
They also encourage prevention of oral diseases through proper hygiene and regular, twice yearly, checkups for professional cleaning and evalution. Oral infections and inflammations may affect overall health and conditions in the oral cavity may be indicative of systemic diseases, such as osteoporosis, diabetes, celiac disease or cancer.
Many studies have also shown that gum disease is associated with an increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, and preterm birth. The concept that oral health can affect systemic health and disease is referred to as "oral-systemic health".
Description source:
View the original image at the Queensland State Archives:
From my set entitled “Solomon’s Seal”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607189465821/
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Polygonatum (King Solomon's-seal, Solomon's Seal) is a genus of about 50 species of flowering plants within the family Ruscaceae, formerly classified in the lily family Liliaceae.
Some species of this genus have medicinal properties, and some (in particular P. sibiricum) are used as an tisane in traditional Chinese medicine, which is called dungulle in Korea.
Some Polygonatum shoots are edible, cooked like asparagus, as are the roots - after appropriate treatment - being a good source of starch
Revolving primarily around the root, "Solomon's Seal" are traditionally used in a range of afflictions from menopause to broken bones. As a topical application, the root are said to expedite the healing of cuts and bruises, skin irritations and inflammations, and as a face wash is good for acne, blemishes and all kinds of imperfections of the skin. When consumed as a tea, it is said to alleviate a range of symptoms associated with menopause, indigestion, diabetes, broken bones, insomnia, kidney pains, and even infertility]
Its use to fight diabetes was first observed in 1930 by Langecker. After experiments, he concluded that it was effective in fighting nutritional hyperglycemia, though not that caused by adrenaline release, probably due to its content in glucokinin.
From my set entitled “Sweet Woodruff”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607217333095/
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodruff
Woodruff (Galium odoratum) is a herbaceous perennial plant in the family Rubiaceae, native to Europe, North Africa and western Asia. It grows to 30-50 cm (12-20 ins.) long, often lying flat on the ground or supported by other plants. The plant is also known in English as Sweet Woodruff or Wild Baby's Breath. "Master of the woods" is probably a translation of the German name Waldmeister. Names like "Sweetscented bedstraw", "Cudweed" and "Ladies' Bedstraw" should be avoided; the former two properly refer to Galium triflorum, the latter to Galium verum.
The leaves are simple, lanceolate, glabrous, 2-5 cm long, and borne in whorls of 6-9. The small (4-7 mm diameter) flowers are produced in cymes, each white with four petals joined together at the base. The seeds are 2-4 mm diameter, produced singly, and each seed is covered in tiny hooked bristles which help disperse the seed by sticking temporarily to clothing and animal fur.
This plant prefers partial to full shade in moist, rich soils. In dry summers it needs frequent irrigation. Propagation is by crown division, separation of the rooted stems, or digging up of the barely submerged perimeter stolons.
Woodruff, as the scientific name odoratum suggests, is a strongly scented plant, the sweet scent being derived from coumarin. This scent increases on wilting and then persists on drying, and woodruff is used in pot-pourri and as a moth deterrent. It is also used, mainly in Germany, to flavour May wine (called "Maiwein" or "Maibowle" in German), beer (Berliner Weisse), brandy, sausages, jelly, jam, a soft drink (Tarhun), ice cream, and an herbal tea with gentle sedative properties.
High doses can cause headaches, due to the toxity of coumarin. Very high doses of coumarin can cause vertigo, somnolence or even central paralysis and apnoea while in a coma. Since 1981, woodruff may no longer be used as an ingredient of industrially produced drinks and foodstuffs in Germany; it has been replaced by artificial aromas and
colorings.
...so I could be sedated for an epidural steroid shot. Let's pray this one helps my back stops hurting 24/7 at least for a few months!
Highdown Gardens near Worthing, West Sussex.
Not a brilliant photo ... I went back to the garden a couple of days later, hoping to get a better picture, but for the life of me I couldn't find this plant again! It was a large shrub or small tree, growing in quite a lot of shade.
My thanks to both scott.zona and Sciadopitys for their help with the ID.
From Wikipedia -
Schisandra (Magnolia Vine) is a genus of shrub commonly grown in gardens. It is a hardy deciduous climber which thrives in virtually any soil; its preferred position is on a sheltered shady wall. It may be propagated by taking cuttings of half-matured shoots in August. Species include S. chinensis, S. glaucescens, S. rubriflora and S. rubrifolia.
It is native to East Asia, and its dried fruit is used medicinally. The berries of S. chinensis are given the name wu wei zi in Chinese, which translates as "five flavor fruit" because they possess all five basic flavors in Chinese herbal medicine: salty, sweet, sour, pungent (spicy), and bitter. In traditional Chinese medicine it is used as a remedy for many ailments: to resist infections, increase skin health, and combat insomnia, coughing, and thirst.
Over 19 species of the genus are said to be used in Chinese medicine, mostly as sedatives and tonic agents. Schisandra may also aid in the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) when combined with wormwood, ginger, buplerum, and Codonopsis pilosula. However, there is insufficient evidence to support this claim at this time.
Modern Chinese research suggests that schisandra and other lignans have a protective effect on the liver and an immunomodulating effect. Two human trials in China (one double-blind and the other preliminary) have shown that schisandra may help people with chronic viral hepatitis reports Liu KT from Studies on fructus Schizandre cinensis. Schisandra lignans appear to protect the liver by activating the enzymes that produce glutathione.
Recently, the extract of S. rubriflora, a native of the Yunnan province, was found to contain complex and highly oxygenated nortriterpenoids. The discoverers named those molecules Rubriflorins A-C.
Gran'Ma Smuggins (part of the global Stolyer-Childhood group) based in downtown industrial Detroit, likes to pride itself on its "back to nature" approach to comestibles.
These latest cookies, aimed mostly at the colour-blind geriatric market, are incredibly cheap to make, although not to buy.
Each is laced with a mild sedative, so ideal for distribution in old folks' homes.
"It doesn't really matter what they look like", says the chairwoman of Gran'ma Smuggins, Imaka Fortune-Andyerdownt. "Our demographic often has fewer than five working senses, so aren't generally so darn picky as the younger set".
many women rent babies
to beg.
They use a sedative to put the baby to sleep
for hours in order to carry out their trade.
Delhi
Photography’s new conscience
Ick, what a week... I've got a really hideous cold and Barney's incapacitated with his poorly paw, so we're both pretty miserable. After an emergency trip to the vets on Sat night, following hrs of bleeding due to (I think) running over glass, we returned on Sun so he could be fixed up. After quite a fight (it took me and my uncle to restrain him while an IV was fitted), he was sedated and anaesthetised. Having been cleaned and stitched up, a wobbly Barney came home with a bucket load of pills to take, instructions not to be allowed off lead for 10 days and an appointment in 3 days time for the first dressing change.
He was so freaked out & nervous aggressive this weekend, I was asked to give some strong sedatives (ACP) before our visit. I gave him slightly less than the nurse recommended but he reacted strongly. He tottered into the surgery and after a brief struggle, just lay still while the vet worked. It was good that the dressing change was quick and safe, but I absolutely hate seeing Barney so bleary eyed, unsteady and unresponsive. He was easy to handle, but still seemed stressed, just unable to respond. Long term, we're going to be working on desensitising him as up until this summer, he was fine with the vet. He's been comatose all day, sleeping very heavily between bouts of staggering around and staring blankly off into space. So sad, hope he's feeling better soon :(
The good news: vet said that Barney is doing so well, he shouldn't need another bandage change, just an appointment in a week's time for the stitches to be removed (unfortunately I won't be around, I hope he'll be OK with my aunt taking him!). I was relieved to hear the wound was healing nicely - he's not exactly been "resting"... We've not been on any walks except brief hobbles round the block but in the house, he's been racing up and downstairs after me and because he's bored, bouncing around even more than normal! Luckily, he's not chewing his bandage, so he's escaped the cone of shame, so far at least*... Fingers crossed that this time next week, he'll be back to his normal self!
*Spoke too soon, he's been chewing a bit this evening, the cone of shame is now in use!
A graviola (Annona muricata) é uma planta originária das Antilhas, onde se encontra em estado silvestre.
Nos Andes do Peru, a folha é tradicionalmente usada como chá no tratamento de catarro excessivo. As sementes tem ação anti parasitaria, as raízes e as folhas eram utilizadas para diabetes; no Brasil, tornou-se subespontânea na Amazônia. Prefere climas úmidos e baixa altitude.
A gravioleira é uma árvore de pequeno porte (atinge de 4 a 6 metros de altura) e encontrada em quase todas as florestas tropicais, com folhas verdes brilhantes e flores amareladas, grandes e isoladas, que nascem no tronco e nos ramos. Os frutos têm forma ovalada, casca verde-pálida, são grandes, chegando a pesar entre 750 gramas a 8 quilogramas e dando o ano todo.
Contém muitas espinhas, vermelhas, envolvidas por uma polpa branca, de sabor agridoce, muito delicado e considerados por muitos que o comeram semelhante ao fruto abóbora (ou jerimum, no nordeste do Brasil). Estão a realizar-se estudos para saber se a graviola cura ou não o cancro (ou câncer, em português do Brasil).
O óleo de graviola oferece muitas propriedades na qual inclui bactericida, adstringentes, hipotensor e sedativo para citar alguns. Seus usos tradicionais são para tratar a asma, calafrios, febre, conduto, pressão alta, insônia, nervosismo, reumatismo e doenças de pele. Usá-lo em cremes, loções e bálsamos para aliviar a coceira de pele seca e para eczema e sintomas de psoríase. A semente tem alto valor de magnésio e potássio em relação a polpa da fruta.
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Soursop fruit (Annona muricata) is a plant native to the Antilles, where it is found in the wild.
In the Peruvian Andes, leaf is traditionally used as a tea in the treatment of excessive phlegm. The seeds have antiparasitic action, roots and leaves were used for diabetes; in Brazil, became subspontaneous in the Amazon. Prefers humid climates and low altitude.
The soursop is a small tree (reaches 4 to 6 meters high) and found in almost all tropical forests, with bright green leaves and yellowish flowers, large and isolated, that are born in the trunk and in the branches. The fruits are oval shaped, pale green bark, are large, reaching between 750 grams to 8 kilograms and giving the whole year.
It contains many red spines, surrounded by a white pulp, bittersweet in taste, very delicate and considered by many who ate it similar to the pumpkin fruit (or jerimum, in northeastern Brazil). Studies are being carried out to determine whether or not graviola cures cancer (or cancer, in Brazilian Portuguese).
Graviola oil offers many properties in which it includes bactericidal, astringent, hypotensive and sedative to name a few. Its traditional uses are to treat asthma, chills, fever, flue, high blood pressure, insomnia, nervousness, rheumatism and skin diseases. Use it on creams, lotions and balms to relieve itchy dry skin and for eczema and psoriasis symptoms. The seed has a high value of magnesium and potassium in relation to fruit pulp.
I feel lucky to capture this beautiful poppy today, because the wind was blowing about between 15-20 mph and the flower was moving a lot. Opium Poppy
With its array of colors ranging from white to pink to red to purple to blue, the poppy is a flower that has graced gardens around the world. Yet the juice from this botanical beauty has sparked wars, created incalculable wealth, and wreaked indescribable suffering upon millions.
HISTORY
A man collecting opium sap from a pod.
The poppy plant, Papaver somniferum, produces opium, a powerful narcotic whose derivatives include morphine, codeine, heroin, and oxycodone. The term “narcotic” refers to opium, opium derivatives, and their semi-synthetic substitutes. Narcotics are used therapeutically to treat pain, suppress cough, alleviate diarrhea, and induce anesthesia. However, they are some of the most addictive substances known to man. As misused drugs, they are often smoked, sniffed, or injected.
The earliest reference to opium growth and use is in 3,400 B.C. when the opium poppy was cultivated in lower Mesopotamia (Southwest Asia). The Sumerians referred to it as Hul Gil, the "joy plant." The Sumerians soon passed it on to the Assyrians, who in turn passed it on to the Egyptians. As people learned of the power of opium, demand for it increased. Many countries began to grow and process opium to expand its availability and to decrease its cost. Its cultivation spread along the Silk Road, from the Mediterranean through Asia and finally to China where it was the catalyst for the Opium Wars of the mid-1800s.
Today, heroin’s long journey to drug traffickers begins with the planting of opium poppy seeds. Opium is grown mainly by impoverished farmers on small plots in remote regions of the world. It flourishes in dry, warm climates and the vast majority of opium poppies are grown in a narrow, 4,500-mile stretch of mountains extending across central Asia from Turkey through Pakistan and Burma. Recently, opium has been grown in Latin America, notably Colombia and Mexico. The farmer takes his crop of opium to the nearest village where he will sell it to the dealer who offers him the best price.
THE SILK ROAD
The Silk Road is an 18th-century term for a series of interconnected routes that ran from Europe to China. These trade routes developed between the empires of Persia and Syria on the Mediterranean coast and the Indian kingdoms of the East. By the late Middle Ages, the routes extended from Italy in the West to China in the East and to Scandinavia in the North. Opium was one of the products traded along the Silk Road.
A map of the Silk Road from 200 B.C. - 300 B.C
OPIUM WARS
To fund their ever-increasing desire for Chinese produced tea, Britain, through their control of the East India Company, began smuggling Indian opium to China. This resulted in a soaring addiction rate among the Chinese and led to the Opium Wars of the mid-1800s. Subsequent Chinese immigration to work on the railroads and the gold rush brought opium smoking to America.
A sketch of 19th-century Chinese and British officials
OPIUM DENS AND PARAPHERNALIA
Opium dens were established as sites to buy and sell opium. Dens were commonly found in China, Southeast Asia, the United States, and parts of Europe. Chinese immigrants came to the United States in the Mid-1800s to work for railroads and the Gold Rush and brought the habit of opium smoking with them. Opium dens sprang up in San Francisco's Chinatown and spread eastward to New York. Browse the images below to learn more about equipment used to smoke, measure, and weigh opium for centuries.
Seven people in an opium den
A Chinese style opium pipe
Chinese Style Opium Pipe: This antique opium pipe set, circa 1821, highlights the exquisite details that could be afforded by rich Chinese opium smokers.
Opium smoking equipment
Opium Smoking Equipment: In addition to the traditional pipe, opium smokers could also use a lamp for heating the opium as well as various tools to manipulate the gummy substance.
Opium weights shaped like elephants
Weights and Scales: These scales and the elephant-shaped gold weights were used to accurately measure opium for sale.
MEDICAL USE: AN ANCIENT MEDICINE
Opium was known to ancient Greek and Roman physicians as a powerful pain reliever. It was also used to induce sleep and to give relief to the bowels. Opium was even thought to protect the user from being poisoned. Its pleasurable effects were also noted. The trading and production of opium spread from the Mediterranean to China by the 15th century. Opium has many derivatives, including morphine, codeine, oxycodone, and heroin. Browse the images below to learn more about each derivative.
Oxycodone is synthesized from thebaine, a third component of opium. Like morphine, it is used for pain relief. Oxycodone is taken orally. When misused, the tablets are crushed and snorted or dissolved in water and injected.
Opium (and the majority of its derivatives, with the exception of heroin which is Schedule I), is listed as a Schedule II controlled substance because of its medical benefit but potential for misuse. However, various opium derivatives manufactured in combination with other medical substances (like Tylenol with Codeine) may be assigned to Schedule III, IV, or V under the Controlled Substances Act. Click here to review detailed descriptions of the drug schedules.
A scientific illustration of an opium poppy flower
A scientific illustration of an opium poppy flower from Dr. Otto Wilhelm Thomé's Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (1885).
A bottle of morphine
Morphine: In 1803, morphine, the principal ingredient in opium, was extracted from opium resin. Morphine is 10 times more powerful than processed opium, quantity for quantity. Hailed as a miracle drug, it was widely prescribed by physicians in the mid-1800s. Morphine is one of the most effective drugs known for the relief of severe pain and remains the standard against which new pain relievers are measured.
Bottles of codeine
Codeine: Codeine, another component of opium, is medically prescribed for the relief of moderate pain and cough suppression. It has less pain-killing ability than morphine and is usually taken orally. As a cough suppressant, it is found in a number of liquid preparations.
Two bottles of heroin
Heroin: First synthesized from morphine in 1874, the Bayer Company of Germany introduced heroin for medical use in 1898. Physicians remained unaware of its addiction potential for years, but by 1903, heroin misuse had risen to alarming levels in the United States. All use of heroin was made illegal by federal law in 1924.
A toppled bottle of Oxycodone
Oxycodone: Oxycodone is synthesized from thebaine, a third component of opium. Like morphine, it is used for pain relief. Oxycodone is taken orally. When misused, the tablets are crushed and snorted or dissolved in water and injected.
FORMS
A loaf of bread with poppy seeds
Poppies as Food: Besides being used for drug manufacturing, the poppy is also the source of poppy seeds which are greatly prized as food. Items such as poppy seed bagels and lemon poppy seed cake are sought after for their delicious flavors.
A McCormick bottle of poppy seeds
Poppy Seeds for Cooking: Poppy seeds for use in cooking can be purchased at local markets. The majority of poppy seeds used for food come from the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. Although these seeds do have opium content, the amount used for cooking purposes is extremely small. Consumption of poppy seeds can produce a positive result on drug tests.
Opium poppy flowers growing in a garden
Poppies for the Garden: Poppy flowers come in a variety of colors and are prized for the beauty they bring to the landscape. In several states, various species of poppies are planted along the sides of highways for erosion control, for example, the red corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas). Although the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) has the highest concentration of narcotics, all poppies in the Papaver genus do contain some amount of narcotic.
Two bags of opium flower poppy seeds
Growing Poppies: Poppy seed packets can be purchased at many local shops that sell gardening supplies.
EFFECTS ON THE BODY
A bottle of pills spilled over
Good Effects of Opiates: No other substance has been found to be as effective as opiates for the management of extreme pain. In addition to its analgesic qualities, it is a very effective cough suppressant, anti-diarrhea medication, and sleep-inducer.
A graphic outlining the bad effects of opiates on the human body
Bad Effects of Opiates: The major drawback of opiate use is the potential for misuse and addiction. Effects include drowsiness, slurred speech, confusion, memory loss, pupil constriction, dilation of the blood vessels causing increased pressure in the brain, constipation, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, fatigue, hallucinations, sexual dysfunction, convulsions, and respiratory depression. Effects from using non-sterile needles and adulterants mixed with opiates include skin, lung, and brain abscesses, endocarditis (inflammation of the lining of the heart), infected and collapsed veins, and diseases such as hepatitis and HIV.
THE HEROIN MOLECULE
Opium from poppy plants contains several natural alkaloids including morphine and codeine. All opiates share the same basic molecular structure, with just a slight change in the end molecules to differentiate heroin from morphine, codeine, oxycodone, and other varieties.
A heroin molecule model
HEROIN CHANGES THE BRAIN
After heroin use is stopped, symptoms like depression, abnormal mood swings, insomnia, psychosis, and paranoia remain. These brain scans show a reduction in dopamine receptors which control judgment and behavior. This reduction is a result of regular heroin use.
A graphic demonstrating dopamine levels in cocaine, alcohol, and heroin addiction
Graphic courtesy of NIDA.
HOW HEROIN WORKS
Heroin binds to receptors in the brain and produces feelings of euphoria. Its structure mimics that of a natural neurotransmitter and taps into the brain’s communication system, interfering with the way nerve cells normally send, receive, and process information. This similarity in structure “fools” receptors and allows the drugs to lock onto and activate the nerve cells. Below is a model of an opiate chemical attaching to a receptor in the brain.
A model of an opiate chemical attaching to a receptor in the brain
Graphic courtesy of B.K. Madras.
HARVESTING OPIUM POPPIES
The milky fluid that seeps from cuts in the unripe poppy seed pod has, since ancient times, been scraped off and air-dried to produce what is known as opium. The seedpod is first incised with a multi-bladed tool. This lets the opium “gum” ooze out. The semi-dried "gum" is harvested with a curved spatula and then dried in open wooden boxes. The dried opium resin is placed in bags or rolled into balls for sale.
Opium poppy pods with scoring and scraping tools
An oozing opium poppy pod
A bag of harvested opium
LEGAL PRODUCTION OF OPIUM
Legal growing of opium for medicinal use currently takes place in India, Turkey, and Australia. Two thousand tons of opium are produced annually and this supplies the world with the raw material needed to make medicinal products.
Two women legally harvesting opium
Photo courtesy of Mallinckrodt.
A crate of legally harvested opium
Mallinckrodt, one of the pharmaceutical companies licensed to deal in legal poppy production, uses crates such as this to ship its poppy products around the world.
HEROIN DRUG TRAFFICKING
Currently, there are three main sources for illegal opium: Burma, Afghanistan, and Colombia. Opium and heroin are ideal trade products–they are in great demand, are very profitable to produce, and the products take up little space. With modern transportation, opium and heroin can be moved from one country to another within days or a few weeks. Opium and heroin have an extensive and stable shelf life, allowing the products to be stored for long periods of time.
DEA is committed to halting the global trafficking of heroin. In 2008, DEA seized 13,719 kilograms (30,245 pounds) of heroin in operations around the world.
A map of global heroin drug trafficking
A clandestine heroin lab
Clandestine Heroin Laboratory in Afghanistan: In 2010 groups in Afghanistan produced 90 percent of the world's illicit opium, using clandestine labs well hidden in the country's topography.
A heroin brick mold
Heroin Brick Mold: Morphine is extracted from opium and the morphine base is transported to clandestine heroin laboratories or processed into heroin directly. The heroin powder is distributed either loose in bags or pressed into bricks with a mold.
A blue camel-shaped stamp on fabric
Heroin Bag Stamps: Drug traffickers routinely mark their products with logos or characters as a marketing tool to keep brand loyalty among their customers as well as to remain anonymous if the drugs are seized by law enforcement. This camel stamp was used by drug traffickers in Afghanistan.
Three plastic bags used for packaging illegal heroin
Branded Plastic Bags Used for Packaging of Illegal Heroin: Many consumers have their favorite brand of the drug.
FROM THE FARM TO THE ARM
The majority of the world’s heroin is produced using the Southwest Asian Method of processing.
A man adding hot water to a calcium-opium solution in barrels
Step One: Raw opium that has been collected from poppy pods is mixed with a calcium solution and hot water in large barrels. It is stirred vigorously and allowed to settle for many hours.
A man siphoning morphine out of red buckets
Step Two: The clear liquid on the top contains the morphine and is siphoned out into another container. A binding chemical is added, then returned to the barrel and heated. This chemical binds to the morphine causing it to fall to the bottom of the barrel.
Two men sifting through brown, dried morphine
Step Three: The contents of the barrel are stirred and filtered out. The residue is dried in the sun resulting in a brown morphine base.
A person stirring a pot of processing heroin
Step Four: Morphine base is combined with another chemical solution and heated until the solution turns black in color. It is then cooled down, quenched with water, and filtered to remove some impurities.
A bucket of tan heroin base
Step Five: In a separate container, sodium carbonate is dissolved in water, then added to the morphine base and stirred to create heroin base.
Two men stirring chemical solutions in red buckets
Step Six: The heroin base is mixed with several more chemical solutions, including charcoal and water, and then stirred. It is filtered multiple times to remove the charcoal, and the resulting residue is dried.
Two men pouring one bucket of solution into another
Step Seven: One last chemical is added to the dried heroin base and then filtered.
A container of dried, white heroin
Step Eight: The final dried product is white heroin hydrochloride, or powdered white heroin.
COLOMBIAN METHOD
A slightly different processing method is used to make heroin in Colombia. Instead of leaving the opium to dry overnight on the pod, the liquid opium is harvested immediately for processing. The frequent rains in that region necessitate immediate removal of the opium from the pod to prevent it from being washed away. The liquid opium is then mixed with hot water and similar steps to those that are outlined in the Southwest method are used.
A bucket of wet heroin. DEA museum. Poppies have long been used as a symbol of sleep, peace, and death: Sleep because the opium extracted from them is a sedative, and death because of the common blood-red colour of the red poppy in particular.[16] In Greek and Roman myths, poppies were used as offerings to the dead.[17] Poppies used as emblems on tombstones symbolize eternal sleep. This symbolism was evoked in L. Frank Baum's 1900 children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, in which a magical poppy field threatened to make the protagonists sleep forever.[17] A second interpretation of poppies in Classical mythology is that the bright scarlet colour signifies a promise of resurrection after death.[18]
Red-flowered poppy is unofficially considered the national flower of the Albanians in Albania, Kosovo and elsewhere. This is due to its red and black colours, the same as the colours of the flag of Albania. Red poppies are also the national flower of Poland. The California poppy, Eschscholzia californica, is the state flower of California.[19]
The powerful symbolism of Papaver rhoeas has been borrowed by various advocacy campaigns, such as the White Poppy and Simon Topping's black poppy.
Wartime remembrance
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Main article: Remembrance poppy
A Canadian remembrance poppy worn on the lapel.
The poppy of wartime remembrance is Papaver rhoeas, the red-flowered corn poppy. This poppy is a common plant of disturbed ground in Europe and is found in many locations, including Flanders, which is the setting of the famous poem "In Flanders Fields" by the Canadian surgeon and soldier John McCrae. In Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand, artificial poppies (plastic in Canada, paper in the UK, Australia, South Africa, Malta and New Zealand) are worn to commemorate those who died in war. This form of commemoration is associated with Remembrance Day, which falls on November 11. In Canada, Australia and the UK, poppies are often worn from the beginning of November through to the 11th, or Remembrance Sunday if that falls on a later date. In New Zealand and Australia, soldiers are also commemorated on ANZAC day (April 25),[20] although the poppy is still commonly worn around Remembrance Day. Wearing of poppies has been a custom since 1924 in the United States.[21] Moina Michael of Georgia is credited as the founder of the Memorial Poppy in the United States.[22][23][24] Wikipedia
Artificial poppies (called "Buddy Poppies") are used in the veterans' aid campaign by the Veterans of Foreign Wars, which provides money to the veterans who assemble the poppies and various aid programs to veterans and their families.[25]
Youngster smoking Mandrax (methaqualone) mixed with Marijuana, on Wednesday, Aug. 31, 2005. Initially marketed as a sedative or sleeping tablet by the French pharmaceutical giant Roussell Laboratories, it turned out to be highly addictive and banned in 1977. Sold illegally in South Africa, it is smoked in conjunction with Marijuana and it is the most widely used drug in the Western Cape, sold at about 30 Rands (about 3 UK pounds) per tablet. It is crushed and smoked in pipes or bottlenecks (aka white pipe). It makes the user feel relaxed, clam and peaceful and everything looks perfect, while turning aggressive when the effect is wearing off. It requires increased usage in order to achieve the same effects and depression feelings are not uncommon with use. According to the Cape Town Drug Counselling Centre (CTDCC) it is a really difficult habit to break in impoverished communities where young unemployed are left on their own with no government help or other activities apart from crime and gansgterism. Social injustice, weakened family links and a feeling of not-belonging are also causes of problems upon the coloured communities in South Africa. **ITALY OUT**
Edible Parts: Flowers, Leaves, Oil, Pollen, Root; Seed, Stem,
Edible Uses: Vegetable, Salad, Flour, Starch, Protein, Asparagus, Syrup,
Roots - raw or cooked. They can be boiled and eaten like potatoes or macerated and then boiled to yield a sweet syrup. The roots can also be dried and ground into a powder, this powder is rich in protein and can be mixed with wheat flour and then used for making bread, biscuits, muffins etc.. One hectare of this plant can produce 8 tons of flour from the rootstock. The plant is best harvested from late autumn to early spring since it is richest in starch at this time. The root contains about 80% carbohydrate (30 - 46% starch) and 6 - 8% protein. Young shoots in spring - raw or cooked. An asparagus substitute. They taste like cucumber. The shoots can still be used when they are up to 50cm long. Base of mature stem - raw or cooked. It is best to remove the outer part of the stem. It is called 'Cossack asparagus'. Immature flowering spike - raw, cooked or made into a soup. It tastes like sweet corn. Seed - raw or cooked. The seed is rather small and tedious to utilize, but has a pleasant nutty taste when roasted. The seed can be ground into a flour and used in making cakes etc.. An edible oil is obtained from the seed. Due to the small size of the seed this is probably not a very worthwhile crop. Pollen - raw or cooked. The pollen can be used as a protein rich additive to flour when making bread, porridge etc.. It can also be eaten with the young flowers, which makes it considerably easier to utilize. The pollen can be harvested by placing the flowering stem over a wide but shallow container and then gently tapping the stem and brushing the pollen off with a fine brush. This will help to pollinate the plant and thereby ensure that both pollen and seeds can be harvested.
MEDICINAL USES: Anticoagulant, Astringent, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Galactogogue, Hemostatic, Miscellany, Refrigerant, Sedative, Tonic, Vulnerary,
The leaves are diuretic. The leaves have been mixed with oil and used as a poultice on sores. The pollen is astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, hemostatic, refrigerant, sedative, suppurative and vulnerary. The dried pollen is said to be anticoagulant, but when roasted with charcoal it becomes hemostatic. It is used internally in the treatment of kidney stones, hemorrhage, painful menstruation, abnormal uterine bleeding, post-partum pains, abscesses and cancer of the lymphatic system. It should not be prescribed for pregnant women. Externally, it is used in the treatment of tapeworms, diarrhea and injuries. A decoction of the stems has been used in the treatment of whooping cough. The roots are diuretic, galactogogue, refrigerant and tonic. The roots are pounded into a jelly-like consistency and applied as a poultice to wounds, cuts, boils, sores, carbuncles, inflammations, burns and scalds. The flowers are used in the treatment of a wide range of ailments including abdominal pain, amenorrhea, cystitis, dysuria, metrorrhagia and vaginitis. The young flower heads are eaten as a treatment for diarrhea. The seed down has been used as a dressing on burns and scalds.
OTHER USES: Baby care, Biomass, Fiber, Insulation, Lighting, Miscellany, Oil, Paper, Soil stabilization, Stuffing, Thatching, Tinder, Weaving
The stems and leaves have many uses. Gathered in the autumn they make a good thatch, can be used in making paper, can be woven into mats, chairs, hats etc.. They are a good source of biomass, making an excellent addition to the compost heap or used as a source of fuel etc. The pulp of the plant can be converted into rayon. The stems can be used to make rush lights. The outer stem is removed except for a small strip about 10mm wide which acts as a spine to keep the stem erect. The stem is then soaked in oil and can be lit and used like a candle. The female flowers make an excellent tinder and can be lit from the spark of a flint. A fiber is obtained from the blossom stem and flowers. A fiber obtained from the leaves can be used for making paper The leaves are harvested in summer, autumn or winter and are soaked in water for 24 hours prior to cooking. The fibers are cooked for 2 hours with soda ash and then beaten in a ball mill for 1½ hours. They make a green or brown paper. The hairs of the fruits are used for stuffing pillows etc.. They have good insulating and buoyancy properties and have also been used as a wound dressing and a lining for babies diapers. The flowering stems can be dried and used for insulation, they also have good buoyancy properties. The pollen is highly flammable, it is used in making fireworks etc..