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Her Orthodontist is going to laugh at us for getting red paint all over her Invisalign retainers. oopsy
This photo is now available to purchase for commercial usage: ourdream.smugmug.com/Commercial/Orthodontics/
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My Lynskey Viale Commuting Bike. Built as 6-speed bike with Hope Single speed hub.
* Frame: Lynskey Viale Medium
* Fork: Lynskey Endurance
* Headset: Hope
* Headset Spacers: Chris King and Hope
* Stem: Thomson 90mm
* Handlebar: Raceface Turbine
* Grips: Ergon GS3
* Seatpost: Thomson Elite
* Saddle: Crank Brothers
* Pedals: HT Cheetah
* Shifter: Paul Thumbies & Dura Ace
* Rear Derailleur: Shimano 105
* Crankset: Shimano 105 – Hope Retainer Chainring (44 Tooth)
* Cassette: Shimano SLX 9 Speed (used 14-16-18-21-24-28 Tooth only) 14T is Ultegra CS-6500 first position
* Rims: Velocity Dyad
* Hubs: Hope Pro4 front – Hope Pro4 Trials SS rear
* Spokes: Dt Swiss Competition
* Tires: Schwalbe Marathon Supreme 700X32
* Brakes: TRP Spyre
* Brake Levers: Shimano BL-R780
Staff Sgt. Cory La Salle grinds a retainer July 16, 2013, at Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany. The grinding and smoothing of the plastic on a retainer is done to ensure a more comfortable fit for the patient. LaSalle is a dental technician from to the 52nd Dental Squadron. (U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Gustavo Castillo)
Portrait of Maharani Jindan, queen of ranjit Singh, 1896 by George Richmond
www.sikhsinscotland.org/people/prominent-women/maharani-j...
"Rani Jind Kaur the mother of Dalip Singh, the ruler of Lahore kingdom, was the brain behind the rising of 1848-49 against the British authorities. She was known for her intelligence and intrepid spirit, Jindan was one of the few persons who was intensely disliked and also feared by the British.
Rani Jindan played a conspicuous role in the Punjab politics after her son’s elevation to the throne of Lahore kingdom. The British entered into a treaty known as the treaty of Bhyrowal with the Lahore kingdom in December 1846 which made the British the virtual masters of the Punjab. They had not only excluded the Rani from participating in the negotiations which led to the signing of the treaty but also of all share in the government of the Lahore Kingdom. She was removed from the Regency Council, which was to conduct the administration during the minority of Maharaja Dalip Singh. She hatched a plot to murder the British Resident and the members of the Regency Council who collaborated with the British. Prema, an old retainer of Gulab Singh, along with some other persons were to execute the plan. The plan however failed but the British could not take action against the Rani for lack of evidence. But they wanted to get ride of her and imposed restrictions on her movements. The chiefs of the Lahore Darbar were forbidden to see her.
The Queen had become a symbol of national dignity. She continued to urge the freedom fighters back in the Punjab to continue the struggle dauntlessly. Through her trusted band of servants, she continued to send letters and messages to Dewan Mul Raj, Sardar Chattar Singh and Raja Sher Singh, the chiefs of the rebellion.
As soon as the British came to know of the secret designs of the Rani, they transferred her to the Chunar fort on 6 April 1849. On the same evening, she escaped from the fort in the guise of her attendant and proceeded towards Nepal. She reached safely in the Nepalese territory on 27 April. The Government of India confiscated all her jewels and other property at Benaras and allowed her to stay in Nepal on a monthly pension of one thousand rupees.
In Nepal, Rani Jindan, carried through her secret plans for the expulsion of the British from the Punjab. She wrote letters to influential people both inside and outside Punjab to rise once again against the British. In the rising of 1857, she found a fresh opportunity to stimulate a rising in the Punjab. But her efforts were against rendered futile by the vigilance of the British.
Being sadly disillusioned, the Rani ultimately thought to seeing her son Maharaj Dalip Singh, who was then staying in England as a Christian gentleman. Her health was shattered and she became almost blind. The British Government allowed Dalip Singh to come to India and to take his mother along with him to England.
Disillusioned, her health shattered and almost blind she went to England to stay with her son Maharaj Dalip Singh. Rani resided in a separate house in England till her death in 1863. As per Rani’s last wishes, Dalip Singh brought her body back for cremation to India, but was disallowed by the Britishers to perform the last rites in Punjab. He therefore cremated her body at Nasik and returned to England.
Popularly known as Jindan, was, the last Sikh sovereign of the Punjab. She was daughter of Manna Singh of Gujranwala, who held a humble position at the court as an overseer of the royal kennels. Scant notice of Maharani Jind Kaur is taken either by the official Lahore diarist, Sohan Lal Suri, or the British records until 1838, when according to the former, a munshi brought the blessed tidings of the birth of a son to her. It appears that she and her son lived a life of obscurity under the care of Raja Dhian Singh at Jammu. In August 1843, the young prince and her mother were brought to Lahore. In September 1843, both Maharaja Sher Singh and Dhian Singh were assassinated.
Raja Hira Singh, Dhian Singh's son, with the support of the army and chiefs, wiped out the Sandhanvalia faction. Shortly after, Hira Singh captured the Fort of Lahore and on 16 September 1843, the army proclaimed minor Duleep Singh the sovereign of the State. Hira Singh was appointed the wazir. The political history of Jind Kaur begins from that date. Gradually, she assumed the role of regent to the minor Maharaja. Both Hira Singh and his adviser, Pandit Jalla, did not show her the courtesy and consideration she was entitled to. Her establishment was put under the control of Misr Lal Singh. Jind Kaur mobilized opinion at the Darbar against the dominance of the Dogras. She and her brother, Jawahar Singh, pleaded with the army panchayats (regimental committees) to banish Pandit Jalla and protect the rights of minor Dulcep Singh. "Who is the real sovereign?" she angrily asked the regimental committees assembled in council. "Duleep Singh or Hira Singh? If the former, then the Khalsa should ensure that he was not a king with an empty title." The council assured the Rani that Duleep Singh was the real king of the Punjab. The army panchayats treated Jind Kaur with deference and addressed her as Mai Sahib or mother of the entire Khalsa commonwealth.
The eclipse of the Jalla regime was a political victory for Maharani Jind Kaur, who had goaded the army to overthrow Hira Singh and install her brother Jawahar Singh as the wazir. She now assumed control of the government with the approval of the army panchityats who declared that they would place her on the throne of Delhi. Jind, Kaur proclaimed herself regent and cast off her veil. She became the symbol of the sovereignty of the Khalsa ruling the Punjab in the name of her son. She reviewed the troops and addressed them, held court and transacted,in public, State business. She reconstituted the supreme Khalsa Council by giving representation to the principal sardars and restored a working balance between the army panchayats and the civil administration.
Numerous vexatious problems confronted the Maharani. Pashaura Singh had bestirred himself again. An alarm was created that an English force was accompanying him to Lahore, and that he was being helped secretly by Gulab Singh. Second, the troops clamoured for a raise in their pay. The feudatory chiefs demanded the restoration of their resumed jdgirs, remission of fines and reduction of enhanced taxes and burdens imposed upon them by Hira Singh. Finally, it appeared that the diminishing revenues of the State could not balance the increasing cost of the civil and military administration.
Jind Kaur applied herself to the solution of these problems and secured to this end the assistance of a newly appointed council of elder statesmen and military generals. Kainvar Pashaura Singh was summoned to Lahore and persuaded to return to his jfgir. Early in 1845, a force 35,000 strong marched to Jammu for the chastisement of Gulab Singh. The council had accused him of being a traitor to the Panth and charged him with treachery and intrigue against his sovereign. In April 1845, the army returned to Lahore with the Dogra chief as a hostage. The pay of the soldiery was enhanced and Jawahar Singh was formally installed ruazir. Maharani Jind Kaur's choice of Jawahar Singh as wazirbecame the subject of criticism. To counteract the rising disaffection, Jind Kaur hastily betrothed Duleep Singh, in the powerful Atari family, opened up negotiations with Gulab Singh and promised higher pay to the soldiery. When Jawahar Singh was assassinated by the army panchdyats suspecting his hand in the murder of Kaiivar Pashaura Singh, Jind Kaur gave vent to her anguish with loud lamentation. Early in November 1845, she, with the approval of the Khalsa Council, nominated Misr Lal Singh to the office of ruazir.
Maharani Jind Kaur has been accused by some historians of wishing the Khalsa army to destroy itself in a war with the English. A much more balanced and realistic view will be obtained by a closer examination of the policies of Ellenborough and Hardinge and of other incidental political factors which led to a clash of arms between the Sikhs and the English in December 1845. The Ellenborough papers in the Public Records Office, London, especially Ellenborough's and Hardinge's private correspondence with the Duke of Wellington, disclose the extent of British military preparations on the Sikh frontier. The correspondence reveals the inside story of the main causes of ithe first Anglo-Sikh war - the republican upsurge of the Khalsa soldiery to save Ranjit Singh's kingdom from foreign aggression, the concentration of large British forces on the Sutlej, the British seizure of Suchet Singh's treasure, the intrigues of British political officers to subvert the loyalty of the Sikh governors of Kashmir and Multan, the rejection of Lahore claim to the village of Moran, and the extraordinarily hostile conduct otMajor George Broadfoot, the British Political Agent at the North-West Frontier Agency, towards the Sikhs, particularly the virtual seizure by him of the Sutlej possessions 'of the Lahore Government. In view of these factors, the theory that the Sikh army had become perilous to the regency and that the courtiers plotted to engage the army against the British becomes untenable. On the contrary, the Regent was the only person who exhibited determination and courage during the critical period of the war with the British.
In December 1846, Maharani Jind Kaur surrendered political power to the council of ministers appointed by the British:Resident after the treaty of Bharoval. The Sikh Darbar ceased to exist as a sovereign political body. The regent was dismissed with an annuity of Rs 1,50,000 and "an officer of Company's artillery became, in effect, the successor to Ranjit Singh."
Maharani Jind Kaur was treated with unnecessary acrimony and suspicion. She had retired gracefully to a life of religious devotion in the palace, yet mindful of the rights of her minor son as the sovereign of the Punjab. Henry Lawrence, the British Resident at Lahore, and Viscount Hardinge both accused her of fomenting intrigue and influencing the Darbar politics. After Bharoval, Hardinge had issued instructions that she must be deprived of all political power. In March 1847, he expressed the view that she must be sent away from Lahore.
At the time of Tej Singh's investiture as R ja of Sialkot in August 1847, it was suspected that the young Maharaja had refused to confer the title on him at the instigation of his mother. She was also suspected of having a hand in what is known as the Prema Plot - a conspiracy designed to murder the British Resident and Tej Singh at a fete at the Shalamar Gardens. Although neither of the charges against find Kaur could be substantiated on enquiry, she was removed to Sheikhfipura in September 1847, and her allowance was reduced to Rs 48,000. Lord Dalhousie, instructed Sir Frederick Currie, the British Resident at Lahore, to expel her from the Punjab. Currie acted promptly. He implicated Jind Kaur in a fictitious plot and sent her away from Sheikhupura to Banaras. She remained interned at Banaras under strict surveillance. In 1848, allegations were made by Major MacGregor, in attendance on her, that she was in correspondence with Mulraj and Sher Singh at Multan. A few of her letters were intercepted and an alarm was created when one of her slave girls escaped from Banaras. She was removed to the Fort of Chunar from where she escaped to Nepal disguised as a maid-servant.
Maharani Jind Kaur arrived at Kathmandu on 29 April 1849. The British Government promptly confiscated her jewellery worth Rs 900, 000 and stopped her pension. At Kathmandu, the sudden appearance of the widow of Ranjit Singh was both unexpected and unwelcome. Yet Jung Bahadur, the prime minister, granted her asylum, mainly as a mark of respect to the memory of the late Maharaja Ranjit Sinngh. A residence was assigned to her at Thapathali, on the banks of the Vagmati river, and the Nepalese Government settled upon her an allowance for her maintenance. The Nepal Residency papers relate the details of Jind Kaur's unhappy sojourn in Nepal till 1860. The British Residency in Kathmandu kept a vigilant eye on her throughout. It believed that she was engaged in political intrigue to secure the revival of the Sikh dynasty in the Punjab. Under constant pressure from the British, the Nepal Darbar turned hostile towards the Maharani and levied the most humiliating restrictions on her. But the forlorn widow of Ranjit Singh remained undaunted. She quietly protested against the indignities and restrictions imposed upon her by,Jurig Bahadur. Juiig Bahadur expelled from the valley one of her attendants, and the Maharani dismissed the entire staff foisted upon her by the Nepalese Government. She was then ordered to appear in person in the Darbar to acknowledge Nepalese hospitality, which she refused to do. The breach between her and Jung Bahadur widened. The Nepal Residency Records tell us that an open rift took place, and "several scenes occurred in which each seemed to have given way to temper, to have addressed the other in very insulting language."
Towards the end of 1860, it was signified to Maharani Jind Kaur that her son, Maharaja Duleep Singh, was about to return to India and that she could visit him in Calcutta. She welcomed the suggestion and travelled to Calcutta to meet her son who took her with him to England. Maharani Jind Kaur died at Kensington, England, on 1 August 1863.
Encyclopedia of Sikhism edited by Harbans Singh ji. "
The blue ones are mine that I got last week, the purple ones are Ellen's she got 2.5 years ago.
Even though I had vacuum formed retainers from my orthodontist when my braces they were several years old and it was time for new ones.
I went with Hawley retainers this time since they would last longer, allow my jaw to close naturally and with less tension than the vacuum formed ones caused, and would finally be polished better than I have been able to do on previous ones I had fabricated.
And yes, I picked dark blue thinking they'd look cool sitting next to Ellen's :-)
Both sets of retainers came from Dr. Mark Joiner's office.
The optical flat pane frames the deicing liquid pump, the portable oxygen container rack and the little shelf under the starboard nose window. To the right side of the photo you can see a modern fire extinguisher installed where an original one once was. At center-right, the shelf with the hole in it is the front of the thermos bottle rack - originally there were spaces for 4 Thermos bottles, with a retainer bungee, but the furthest aft was replaced by the drying cartridge for the two-layer anti-icing system. Besides glycol deicing fluid pumped out over the exterior, dry, probably heated, air was blown between the panes to prevent them from frosting over in flight.
This is Kermit Weeks' beautiful plane, at the EAA museum in Oshkosh, 2005.
This is a duplicate, a lighter scan at twice the resolution of www.flickr.com/photos/wbaiv/5652953298/
Somehow the first one is better looking, but you can zoom in further on this version.
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_dH_Mossi35
Ted Cassidy as Lurch the Butler Addams Family Card Game by Milton Bradley from 1965 Vintage Halloween the 1960s - Charles Chas Addams cartoon cartoonist Eccentric holiday Evil creature monster Frankenstein like mask costume creatures vamp undead patchwork man monsters toy toys valet servant retainer manservant nanny domestic rubber alligator crocodile portrait
Original image is in 'colour' that has 'gone off' hence conversion to monochrome (sepia). This ship started life in 1950 as the passenger vessel Built 1950 as Chungking (for China Navigation Co.). The photo dates from not long before she was decommissioned & scrapped.
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Single axle running through both bicycle wheels. Axle threaded on both ends to match bearing retainers on both wheels.
I have seen ducks and geese from time to time. They're usually on the more deeper end.
Interesting reflections.
Hawley retainers have an arrangement that incorporates wires and affixes secured in a decently thick plastic body. The plastic point of view covers over the highest point of the understanding's mouth or else lies along the tongue side of their lower teeth.
Fresh 14 gauge 3/8" flatback quartz glass retainers from Glasswear Studios.
I didn't do the septum piercing.
DSC_0059
For maximum effect, click the image, to go into the Lightbox, to view at the largest size; or, perhaps, by clicking the expansion arrows at top right of the page for a Full Screen view.
Don't use or reproduce this image on Websites/Blog or any other media without my explicit permission.
© All Rights Reserved - Jim Goodyear 2016.
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petitions.moveon.org/sign/change-flickr-back
Trying to reach 15,000 signatures so we can have someone hand deliver the petition to Yahoo's CEO.
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I finally got my braces offffff!!!!
After having them for FOUR GOD DAMN YEARS!!
I will admit, I was scared to get them off. And I did miss them for the first few hours. But now I'm glad they're off.
Except my retainer is pissing me off. I slur alllll my words, especially 's' words, and I need to wear it day & night for two years. Bummer.
And for being friday the 13th it was a realllllllly good day.
I got my braces off, had a successful interview @ Fresh & Easy, got more Special K cereal :), and hung out with my cuties Chris<3 & Kevin.
My Lynskey Viale Commuting Bike. Built as 6-speed bike with Hope Single speed hub.
* Frame: Lynskey Viale Medium
* Fork: Lynskey Endurance
* Headset: Hope
* Headset Spacers: Chris King and Hope
* Stem: Thomson 90mm
* Handlebar: Raceface Turbine
* Grips: Ergon GS3
* Seatpost: Thomson Elite
* Saddle: Crank Brothers
* Pedals: HT Cheetah
* Shifter: Paul Thumbies & Dura Ace
* Rear Derailleur: Shimano 105
* Crankset: Shimano 105 – Hope Retainer Chainring (44 Tooth)
* Cassette: Shimano SLX 9 Speed (used 14-16-18-21-24-28 Tooth only) 14T is Ultegra CS-6500 first position
* Rims: Velocity Dyad
* Hubs: Hope Pro4 front – Hope Pro4 Trials SS rear
* Spokes: Dt Swiss Competition
* Tires: Schwalbe Marathon Supreme 700X32
* Brakes: TRP Spyre
* Brake Levers: Shimano BL-R780
The story of the 47 Ronin is one of the most celebrated in the history of the samurai. This was perhaps all the more so because it occurred at a time when the samurai class was struggling to maintain a sense of itself - warriors with no war, a social class without a function.
The tale could be said to have begun with the teachings of Yamaga Soko (1622-1685), an influential theorist who wrote a number of important works on the warrior spirit and what it meant to be samurai. His writings inspired a certain Ôishi Kuranosuke Yoshio, a samurai and retainer of Asano Takumi no kami Naganori (1667-1701), who led a branch of the powerful Asano family.
It happened that Lord Asano was chosen by the shogun, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, to be one of a number of daimyo tasked with entertaining envoys from the Imperial family. To assist him in this new duty, the Bakufu's highest ranking master of protocol, Kira Kozukenosuke Yoshinaka (1641-1702), was assigned to instruct him in matters of etiquette. Kira, it seems, was a somewhat difficult character and expected Asano to compensate him monetarily for the trouble, which Asano held was simply his duty. The two grew to dislike one another intensely, and Kira made every effort to embarrass his student. Finally, in April of 1702, the situation exploded within the shogun's palace - Kira insulted Asano once again, prompting the latter to draw his sword and swing at him. Kira was only wounded in the attack and Asano was promptly placed under confinement.
Striking another man in anger was against the law - doing so within the shogun's palace was unthinkable. Asano made little effort to defend himself during questioning except to say that he bore the shogun no ill will and only regretted that he had failed to kill Kira.
After the o-metsuke (inspector-generals) had completed their investigation of the matter, the shogunate passed down a sentence of death on Asano, ordering him to slit his belly at once. The shogun also decreed that his 50,000-koku fief at Akô in Harima was to be confiscated and his brother Daigaku placed under house arrest.
When the news of the unfortunate event reached Asano's castle, his retainers were thrown into an uproar and argued heatedly over what to do next. Some favored accepting their lot quietly and dispersing as ronin, while another group called for a defense of the castle and an actual battle with the government. Ôishi Kuranosuke, who urged the retainers to give up the castle peacefully and struggle to rehabilitate the Asano family while at the same time preparing to take revenge on Kira, sounded the view that prevailed.
Accordingly, a band of Asano retainers - now ronin - set out on a carefully planned road to revenge. Kira was no fool, and expecting some sort of attempt on his life by the Asano men increased his personal guard. Ôishi's scheme was therefore to lull their quarry into complacency, biding their time while they waited for the right moment. To this end the ronin hid away a cache of weapons and armor before ostensibly dispersing, some taking up menial jobs while others, like Ôishi himself, let it seem that they had lost any concern for their futures. Ôishi left his wife and began frequenting all of Edo's houses of ill repute, carousing with prostitutes and engaging in drunken brawls. On one occasion, a samurai from Satsuma is supposed to have come across Ôishi drunk in the street and spat upon him, saying that he was no real samurai.
Needless to say, Kira began to doubt that he was in any real danger, and within a year had relaxed his guard. It was at that point that the ronin struck. 47 of them gathered on 14 December 1702 and, after donning the armor and taking up the weapons from the cache, they set out on their revenge on that same snowy night. Once at Kira's Edo mansion, they divided into two groups and attacked, with one group entering through the rear of the compound while the rest forced their way through the front, battering the gate down with a mallet. Kira's men, many of whom were killed or wounded, were taken completely by surprise but did put up a spirited resistance (one of the ronin was killed in the attack), though ultimately to no avail: Kira was found in an outhouse and presented to Ôishi, who offered him the chance to commit suicide. When Kira made no reply, Ôishi struck off his head with the same dagger that Asano had used to kill himself with. Kira's head was then put in a bucket and carried to the Sengakuji, where Asano was buried. After Ôishi and the others had given the bloody trophy to the spirit of Asano, they turned themselves in.
The assassination of Kira placed the government in a difficult situation. After all, the 46 survivors now awaiting their fate had lived up to the standards of loyalty expected of true samurai and the ideals propounded by such men as Yamaga Soko. Additionally, the decision to order Asano to commit suicide and confiscate his domain while taking no action against Kira had not been popular (at least one of the inspectors at the time had been demoted for protesting the verdict). Nonetheless, the Bakufu decided that the maintenance of order would once again have to prevail, and so the ronin were ordered to commit suicide - a sentence suggested by the famous Confucian scholar Ogyû Sorai (1666-1728). They were at this time divided up into four groups under guard by four different daimyo, yet once they had all died, their bodies were buried together at the Sengakuji.1 Legend has it that the Satsuma samurai who had spit upon Ôishi in the street came to the temple and slit his own belly to atone for his insults.
The Revenge of the 47 Ronin continued to spark controversy throughout the Edo Period. One view had it that Ôishi and his men had in fact erred in waiting as long as they had, that in so doing they risked Kira dying (he was, after all, over 60) and their efforts coming to naught. This was, for example, the view of Yamamoto Tsunetomo (author of the famed Hagakure).2 The Confucian scholar Sato Naotaka (1650-1719) criticized the ronin for taking action at all, as the shogun's decision to order Asano to commit suicide should have ended the matter there and then. He also shared Tsunetomo's belief that the ronin ought to have commited suicide at the Sengakuji once their deed was done. In giving themselves up to be judged, they appeared to have hoped to receive a light sentence and therefore continue living -a shameful objective, given their crimes. At the same time, Naotaka reserved his harshest words for Kira, whom he called a coward and whose precipitation of the whole affair had led to so many deaths.
Other writers did not share those views. Men like Asami Yasuda (1652-1711) defended the actions of the ronin as being appropriate (if not actually challenging the Bakufu's decisions) and Chikamatsu wrote a favorable play (Chushin-gura) that became an instant and timeless classic. In the end, the Ôishi Kuranosuke and his ronin became the stuff of legend, and continue to spawn books, movies, and television shows at a prodigious rate. The Sengakuji is still a popular spot in Tokyo and a place for modern admirers of what many feel were the finest examples of samurai loyalty to emerge from the Edo Period.
This was the residence of the chief retainer of the house of Doi that ruled the Koga domain. The Takami family held the hereditary position of chief retainer. The house dates back to 1633 and was built with extra wood that wasn’t used for the construction of Koga Castle’s 3rd floor. The most famous chief retainer of the Doi clan was Takami Senseki (1785-1758) who also served as respected advisor to the Tokugawa shogunate as an advisor on all things “western”. A student of Dutch studies, Senseki was instrumental in creating modern maps of Japan and engaging in the diplomatic negotiations with the western powers in the waning days of the Shogunate. Senseki was fond of corresponding in Dutch and even signed his letters under the pen name Jan Hendrik Daper. An extensive collection of his work is on display at the Koga City History Museum.
Koga City, in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, has a history that dates back to ancient Jomon times and was even mentioned in the Man’yōshu anthology of poems that was compiled in the AD 800s. During the Muromachi period, Koga became the base for the Kantō branch of Ashikaga under the leadership of Shigeuji, who led a rebellion against the Ashikaga shogunate.
During the Edo period (1603-1868), the fief of Koga was ruled by many hereditary daimyo whose families had pledged loyalty to Tokugawa Ieyasu prior to the battle of Sekigahara in 1600. The families that ruled Koga included the Ogasawara, various branches of the Matsudaira, Okudaira, Nagai, Honda and Doi. Perhaps Doi Toshikatsu, who became tairō (chief elder of the council of elders - rōjū) during the reign of Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu, was the most famous ruler of Koga.
Another famous ruler of Koga was Doi Toshitsura (1789-1848), who is sometimes called the “The Snow Lord”. Apart from being a key advisor to the Tokugawa shogunate, he was the first person in Japan to seriously study the designs of snowflakes. He illustrated his findings in a book Sekka Zusetsu (Pictorial Illustrations of Snowflakes) and some of the patterns became popular for clothing and decorative purposes.
Today, there is nothing left of the Edo period Koga castle, but numerous old temples, shrines, samurai and farmer homes remain. Unfortunately, many of these buildings suffered damage during the magnitude 9.0 earthquake that struck northeastern Japan on March 11, 2011 and repairs were ongoing when I visited.
The Addams Family - L to R - Grand Mama - Lurch - Pugsley - Uncle Fester - Wednesday - Gomez - Morticia - Addams Family by Brecht Pen and Ink drawng similar to Charles Chas Addams - cartoon cartoonist Eccentric holiday Evil creature monster Frankenstein like valet servant retainer manservant nanny domestic portrait NYC 2019 New York city April 13th 04/13/2019