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Description: Planetary Nebulae represent the late evolutionary stage of low to intermediate mass stars. As these stars reach the final stage of their existence they enter the AGB (asymptotic giant branch) phase. As early AGB stars they begin to lose mass through dense but slow winds. This phase is followed by more profound mass lose through tenuous fast winds or superwind phase. The dynamic interaction between fast and slow winds ultimately forms the complex shell structure of Planetary Nebulae.
M97, more popularly known as the "Owl Nebula" is an older planetary nebula (PN) with a circular morphology and a bland inner structure. It is one of about 1600 planetary nebulae discovered in the Milky Way. The Milky Way has an estimated population of about 10,000 planetary nebulae. The low number is due to the brief time they exist, less than 50,000 years. M97 is at a fairly advanced stage as the superwind from the central star has long since ceased. M97 has a triple shell structure consisting of a round double shell comprising the main optical nebula and a faint bow-shaped outer shell which is very faint. The outer halo formed from material ejected thousands of years ago during the dying stars red giant phase. It continues to interact with the surrounding interstellar medium as the PN moves through space. The central star is a hot dead cinder of about 0.6 solar masses which produces abundant radiation from its 110,000 degree surface temperature.
Astronomers have had increasing success at building three dimensional models of planetary nebulae from two dimensional data. The models are based however on three assumptions: 1) material in the nebula moves exclusively in radial directions 2) each shell is ejected at different time epochs 3) each shell is composed of sub-shells that expand with velocities proportional to their distance from the center. The double shell of the main nebula is about 1.3 light years in diameter and has an expansion velocity of 40 kilometers/second. The inner shell is slightly elongated and the outer shell is round. The outer halo is bow shaped and has no measurable expansion velocity.
There are two distinguishing features of the Owl Nebula. The first is the presence of a central bipolar cavity excavated by the superwind of the central star. The second peculiar feature is the lack of a bright rim. The superwind that carved out the central cavity has since ceased allowing nebula material to backfill the cavity and smear out any bright rim that previously existed. The higher density of the material along the rim of the cavity is responsible for producing the forehead and beak of the owl. The bipolar cavity forms the characteristic eyes of the owl.
A reasonable conjecture regarding the evolutionary history of M97 begins in the early ABG phase of the dying star. The first event was the early slow wind which plowed into the interstellar medium forming the outer halo. During later stages of the ABG phase high mass loss occurred in the superwind phase which formed the main body of the planetary nebula. (Text: www.robgendlerastropics.com/M97text.html)
This picture was photographed March 17-18 2013 in Khlepcha observatory, Ukraine.
Equipment: reflector S&D 254 mm. f/4.7
Mount WhiteSwan-180, camera QSI-583wsg, Tevevue Paracorr-2. Off-axis guidecamera Orion SSAG.
LRGB filter set Baader Planetarium.
L=20*600 sec., bin.1 RGB: 10*450-600 sec. each channel, bin.2 Total 7.5 hours.
Processed Pixinsight 1.7 and Photoshop CS5.
© 2014 SCOTT A WOODWARD photography
Castelo medieval, artística e arquitetonicamente representativo das diversas fases de construção e reconstrução desde a sua fundação até ao século XX.
Estruturas que compõem o conjunto arquitetónico: Palácio Real quatrocentista, Torre de Menagem, Igreja de Stª Maria da Pena, espaço da antiga Colegiada, celeiros medievais e muralhas exteriores.
Conquistado aos mouros por D. Afonso Henriques, em 1135, o Castelo viria a ser reconquistado pelos muçulmanos, cinco anos depois, voltando para a mão dos cristãos, novamente, em 1142. Mas as lutas pela sua posse estavam longe de terminar tendo sofrido novo ataque islâmico. Devido a tantas lutas, D. Sancho I resolve reedificá-lo, corria o ano de 1190.
Em 1325 D. Dinis manda edificar a Torre de Menagem, que após algumas reformulações é agora um núcleo museológico.
Pensa-se que a Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Pena e os Paços Episcopais tenham também sido construídos por ordem de D. Dinis. Este terá sido o rei que mais tempo passou em Leiria, juntamente com a sua esposa, a Rainha Santa Isabel. Graças a estes reis nasceram muitas das histórias e das lendas que envolvem Leiria.
Vários séculos depois, o Castelo, bem como a cidade, viriam ainda a sofrer danos, com as invasões francesas, ficando quase ao abandono. Valeu o esforço da Liga dos Amigos do Castelo e do famoso arquiteto suíço, Ernesto Korrodi, que ali realizaram obras de recuperação.
Numa visita ao Castelo não pode deixar de observar a magnifica vista sobre a cidade de Leiria, a partir da Alcáçova, uma das salas mais bonitas do Castelo de Leiria.
Núcleo Museológico da Torre de Menagem
A musealização do Castelo de Leiria, recorrendo ao objeto, à imagem, ao multimedia e ao texto, tem como objetivo principal “situar o lugar e a função da cidade de Leiria na história de Portugal: mostrar o que ela representa em termos nacionais, para melhor poder medir o significado dos acontecimentos que lhe dizem respeito e que escalonam a sua vida local através dos séculos”. www.cm-leiria.pt/pages/229
“A palace that might have been built by Titans and coloured by the morning sun.” Epitomizing royalty and glory, this gem in Jodhpur is one of India's largest and most beautiful forts.
Built by Rao Jodha, the founder of Jodhpur, in 1459, overlooking the blue city, the fort is known for its stunning architecture.
The fort is also declared a National Geological Monument by the Geological Survey of India. It is built on a Malani Igneous Suite Contact, representing the last phase of igneous activity of Precambrian age in the Indian Subcontinent, making this geological feature quite impressive.
Many blockbuster movies were shot at this magnificent fort. The famous Hollywood movie “The Dark Knight Rises” has significant scenes shot here.
Prints & Downloads are available on my 👉 H O M E P A G E
Represento a minha tristeza, em que me despeço do que já foi este comboio. Hoje, dia 25 de Outubro de 2016, marca o fim definitivo dos comboios de transporte de cimento até à Estação do Pocinho, a última Estação da Linha do Douro.
Nesta foto, a 1962 reboca o último material vazio que estava no entreposto de cimento do Pocinho com destino a Gaia.
ENGLISH :
The blue building is the Agora, the icon of the City of Arts and Sciences. the Agora seems to represent two hands intertwined. It represents an area of 5000m ² and reaches a height of 80m.
2021 represents a significant milestone in the history of the Phoenix Railway-Photographic Circle with the celebration of our 50th anniversary by publishing a book to showcase some of the members work, past and present, from 1971 to the present day. The book contains 14 chapters and 144 pages of photographs depicting the work of over 50 accomplished railway photographers with many differing styles and approaches. It takes an alternative view on photographing the railway scene over the past 50 years. The book, called 50 Years of Phoenix will be published on 14th May 2021 with pre-orders now being taken – click on this link to order your copy: www.mortonsbooks.co.uk/product/view/productCode/15554
Why not take a look at the PRPC web site at www.phoenix-rpc.co.uk/index.html.
Représentation artistique de la nuée ardente s'abattant sur la ville de Saint Pierre lors de l'éruption de 1902.
Toile de moustiquaire et filets de pêche
I never got a chance to photograph any of the BN trains on the Cuba Sub. before the merger took place so this was a nice sight for 2015. Glad it still had the BN herald on the nose.
BNSF 3135 leads the 816 local west on the BNSF Cuba Sub. as it over powers the nine cars in tow. Currently approaching the crossing near Mp. 32 just east of Pacific, Mo., for the past few months this shot was rough or impossible due to a wrecked coal hopper which blocked most of this scene. Thankfully it was cut up about 3 weeks ago, now to just get rid of that pile of ballast and the left over coal from that hopper......
Units in consist: BNSF 3135, 2837, & 2019.
Tempera sur toile, 172 × 278 cm, 1482-1485, galerie des Offices, Florence.
La scène représente à gauche Zéphyr, le doux vent du printemps, représenté avec son manteau bleu pâle fermé par un nœud et entouré d'une nuée de fleurs. L'air s'échappe de ses joues gonflées, représenté par des lignes droites claires. La femme enveloppée d'un manteau vert possède une nature aérienne. La Vénus sort des eaux, debout dans la conque d'une coquille saint-Jacques géante, posée sur les flots agités par le souffle de Zéphyr. Sa posture est une pose typique des statues grecques antiques : ses hanches sont dans une direction contraire à ses épaules, ce qui fait ressortir sa silhouette élancée et gracieuse. Du ciel, tombent doucement des fleurs de myrte. À droite, elle est reçue par un personnage féminin, l'une des Heures, fille de Jupiter (Zeus) et de Thémis ou la divinité du printemps tentant, malgré le vent, de la couvrir d'un voile rouge parsemé de motifs floraux, pour cacher une nudité déjà bien dissimulée par la déesse elle-même. Cette posture témoigne de la pudeur de Vénus.
L’ensemble est animé d'un mouvement de légèreté : les personnages flottent, volent, semblent danser. Le mouvement des fleurs, des cheveux, des vagues et des tissus répond à celui du vent que Zéphyr fait souffler. De cette composition ressort une sensation de calme : Vénus semble se réveiller d’un rêve, ses paupières sont à demi ouvertes ; elle est nue, également, ce qui est une première dans l'art de la peinture ; d'ordinaire, seules les œuvres religieuses comportaient des personnages féminins dénudés. La mer est paisible avec seulement quelques ondelettes, pas de tempête à l'horizon, le vent est léger. (cf. wikipédia).
Ellora represents the epitome of Indian rock-cut architecture. The 34 "caves" are actually structures excavated out of the vertical face of the Charanandri hills. Buddhist, Hindu and Jain rock-cut temples and viharas and mathas were built between the 5th century and 10th century.
The Jain caves at Ellora belong to the ninth and tenth centuries. They all belong to the Digambara sect.[13] Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense of asceticism – they are not relatively large as compared to others, but they present exceptionally detailed art works.
April 28, 2011.
No time to take anything good
Thank goodness tomorrow is Friday because I don't think I could endure school for much longer.
Flags representing the American lives lost in Iraq and Afganistan were placed on the lawn at the Terryville Congregational Church in Terryville, Connecticut. We owe these patriots and their families everything...
"Ces peintures représentant une vision naïve et décalée de la vie parisienne tel que se l'imagine le touriste lambda" a expliqué le jeune réunionnais Jace .....Pour ma part, je ne suis pas fan.
J'aurais aimé que les panneaux deviennent un lieu d'exposition libre. Cette exposition éphémère sera remplacée cet automne par "des panneaux vitrés", a précisé Bruno Julliard, premier adjoint au maire de Paris.
Et pour celles et ceux qui voudraient avoir une meilleur vision sur le compte PRO de Flickr :
www.macg.co/logiciels/2015/07/yahoo-relance-flickr-pro-av...
Representing mini mozzarelas. Buttery idiazabal cheese gnocci in salted iberian pork bouillon. Contrasting vegetables.
The iconographic type known as the 'goddess with uplifted arms' may have originated in Crete and found its way to Cyprus at the end of the Late Bronze Age (12th-11th centuries BCE). All said to have been found in the same tomb, these figures may represent either a divinity - the Great Goddess of Cyprus later assimilated with Phoenician Astarte and Greek - or else elite worshippers or priestesses (perhaps in the Sanctuary of Palaepaphos near where they were found).
Wheel-made tubular bodies, with applied breasts and arms (heads missing on two); made of buff clay decorated with black and red paint: parallel bands on the lower body probably representing drapery, the top end of a maniple-like sash is just visible on each; armlets and bracelets along both arms are shown as parallel bands of paint; a loose chain or string hangs between the breasts, at the end of which are several pendants, probably seals (very worn); surface is very worn and the lower part of the body of the front one is restored with plaster.
Cypro-Archaic I, 700 BCE-600 BCE, Cyprus.
British Museum, London (1899,1229.1-3)
church floor covered with straw to represent manger - Serbian Christmas tradition
Храм Рождества Христовог у Пироту, Србија
Nativity Orthodox church, Pirot, Serbia
All images and photography © Tanjica Perovic
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Killing two birds with one stone, here, as this shot is primarily for the Macro Mondays challenge on the subject of 'Stripes', but also manages to (sort of) fulfil the 101 Pictures subject 71. Represent a TV programme
An abstract photo, without representing anything identifiable, can communicate a feeling to the viewer. If I am being honest, I don't know if my abstract photos achieve that goal. Typically, my intent in making the photo is to memorialize and share something cool I found out in nature. Maybe it's a weakness in my work, that I don't start out intending to convey a larger message. Maybe it doesn't matter. Maybe in the digital age, communicating excitement about the natural world is the message itself. It's a big topic and I will leave it for another day.
Rather, today I want to talk about another aspect of abstract nature photography: the detective game. When I see an abstract photo, one of the first things that comes to mind is "what is it?" Is the subject really big, like braided rivers photographed from a plane? Or really tiny, like a marco image of lichen on a rock? Could it be upside down? I think we all do this. It's one of the fun parts of looking at an abstract photo and it can be really satisfying when you solve the puzzle.
It's like breaking a code. The difficulty for the photographer is making a puzzle that is solvable, but not so obvious that it isn't challenging. I remember listening to a podcast where a photographer described all images as falling on a spectrum between obvious and cryptic. After that, I looked at my own photos and placed them on that spectrum. I determined that I like photos that are cryptic, but ultimately decipherable with some effort. I'm not sure there's a golden rule of how long it should take, but if it takes you 5 or 10 seconds to figure it out, I think that's pretty good.
I made this photo here the day I hiked Black Mountain and Blueberry Mountain. I did them as two separate hikes, but the trailheads are so close together they pair very nicely. I call the combo a "Black and Blue". Maybe someone already came up with that. Everyone has walked past a scene like this. It's a photo of direct sunlight dancing on the surface of a little stream. It's a 1/30 second exposure, which allows the twinkling light on the surface enough time to travel and leave a trail. I dropped the black point and darkened the shadow to eliminate any distraction below the surface water. Not sure if it conveys a larger feeling, but I liked it and felt compelled to make an image.
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I was definitely inspired by the work of T.J. Thorne and James Rodewald when I made this image; I wouldn't have even looked for a photo like this had I not seen their work. Also, the podcast I reference is an episode of the F-Stop Collaborate and Listen podcast with guest Michael Rubin.
Top: REPRESENT - Essential Fury Tee "White"
Sneakers: REPRESENT - Mirror Plated Hightop Sneaker "White"
Accessories: :[P]:- Avera Collar:// Gold
:[P]:- Avera Cuff [Wrist L+R]:// Gold
El capitel que representa la Matanza de los Santos Inocentes, situado en el lado norte del arco triunfal de ingreso al presbiterio es, sin lugar a dudas, el elemento más emblemático de este templo y uno de los más interesantes del románico palentino. Aparecen en una escena corrida a lo largo de sus tres caras visibles cinco soldados ataviados con cota de malla ejecutando otros tantos infantes ante la presencia impotente de sus madres, las cuales manifiestan su gesto de desconsuelo llevando las manos a sus rostros. En uno de los ángulos se reconoce la efigie de Herodes, coronado, vestido con túnica, realizando con un dedo de su mano izquierda un autoritario ademán que lo identifica como instigador de la escena y con la mano derecha clavando su espada en el costado de uno de los inocentes.
La ermita de Santa Cecilia de Aguilar de Campoo (Palencia) está situada en la ladera sureste del cerro del Castillo. El templo actual, de estilo románico, se construyó entre los siglos XII a XIII, pero entre los siglos XVI y XVIII se acometieron reformas en las que se sustituyó el ábside original, y en la década de 1960 fue restaurado cuando estaba en estado de ruina. Presenta planta cuadrada irregular, con tres naves separadas por arquerías apuntadas y la nave central se cierra con bóveda de crucería. Entre la nave principal y la cabecera se halla la esbelta y elegante torre que consta de tres pisos, en los que se abren los dos superiores amplios ventanales. La portada se sitúa en el muro sur, cubierta por un tejadillo, y dispone de cuatro arquivoltas de medio punto constituidas por medias cañas y baquetones. En el interior sobresalen sus capiteles historiados, entre los que destaca el dedicado a la Matanza de los Inocentes.
101456
Ravana - the Antagonist in the Hindu epic Ramayana where he is depicted as the demon king of Lanka.
Designed and Folded by me from a single 75 cm square sheet of tracing paper.
Final Size : 22 cm
64 grids Boxpleating
Difficulty - well....XD
Ravana is depicted and described as having 10 heads and as a follower of Shiva, a great scholar and a capable ruler, but someone who wished to overpower the Gods. His ten heads represent his knowledge in different fields. Further some versions of Ramayana interpret his 10 heads as :
1. Kama (Lust)
2. Krodha (Anger)
3. Moha (Delusion),
4. Lobha (Greed),
5. Mada (Pride),
6. Matsar (Envy),
7. Manas (The mind),
8. Buddhi (Intellect),
9. Chitta (Will)
10. Ahamkara (The Ego)
About the model - well it is surely one of my most time consuming ones ! I tried my best to add all the necessary details - the moustache, the sword , the shield & the lower body clothing (dhoti). Shaping the 10 heads was the most difficult part - mainly their positioning. I am planning to make a CP for this, mainly so I can remember it for myself :D
One thing I am happy about in this model, and the previous one ( Rama ), is that I was able to make these in the first attempt only ! No trial model ! That saved me a lot of time, unlike the Batman model (3).
Hope you guys like it. :D
Chichinautzin volcanic field, Mexico City, D.F. This volcanic field immediately south of Mexico City represents and present volcanic threat to Mexico City and environs. Stretching some 90 kilometers east and west south of the city, the field contains more than 220 eruptive vents. Many of the largest are seen in this photograph taken from the top of the Latin American Tower in January 1974. In the far background, two of the three highest volcanic peaks of Mexico are seen: Iztaccíhuatl and Popocatepetl, one of Mexico's most active volcano attaining nearly 18,000 feet above sea level while Iztaccíhuatl is slightly lower and has not erupted in historical times. Thinking we were acclimatized to high altitude by staying in Mexico City (elevation above 7,000 feet) for more than a week, we set out to conquer Volcán Popocatepetl, but alas we failed after a four day effort due to my case of high altitude sickness. We managed to make about the 16,000 level on foot with our back packs. Overnights were extremely cold. We slept inside our tent, inside our down filled sleeping bags with our downfilled jackets and clothes on and our boots with wool socks. We could have been fried as well had the volcano erupted while we slept instead of just letting off a cloud of steam. My headache caused by the high altitude would not sufficiently abate even with the taking of Darvon in an effort to quell the pain, so we took the medical authorities' advice being told if conditions didn't change, go down to a lower elevation. Shoot. We've never been that high on foot again. We did walk down a good portion of the mountain on our way down, camping and hiking to the entrance to the National Park. Landscape is awesome.
To our particular interest are the volcanic stuctures which are seen in the near back ground just beyond the city buildings:
Volcán Pelado, and Cerro Chichinautzin. The significance of this view is to show a few of the hundreds of volcanic vents that occupy the Valley of Mexico and the contemporary danger the volcanoes present. Today everything is quiet except for the nearly daily detonations of distant Popocatepetl hidden in this view by clouds. One of the cones, Xitle, erupted 1600 years ago and covered important prehistoric urban centers - a threat that continues today. For a comparison of the Valley of Mexico in the 19th century to 1974, see this link to a painting by José María Velasco, the famous 19th Century landscape painter of Mexico.
ka-perseus-images.s3.amazonaws.com/cfa98cadec908d579fa47b...
To see some of his other work and the significance of his art, check out the link below. We viewed his work at the Museum of Anthropology which itself is at the foot of a recent (geologically speaking) lava flow.
www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/later-europ...
And Dr. Atl's interpretation of the same valley:
www.artnet.com/artists/dr-atl-gerardo-murillo/los-volcane...
If you ever make it to Mexico City and Covid is under control, both the Museums of Anthropology and Modern Art at Chapultepec Park are not to be missed.
35mm slide taken with Konica AutoreflexA w/Hexanon AR lens, 1974
The represents the kind of views many of my vintage National Geographic magazines from the 1915 to 1920 era would proudly portray as the modern and efficient "Future Of Industry". By the mid 1970s, they looked awfully tired and dated.
I remember reading a book about Jersey City written in the 1930s describing it as a industrial city "without trees". Of course... who needed trees and the niceties of life when you've got countless brick warehouses, hundreds of factories and endless railroads which sliced through every neighborhood? It was all about business, pure business.
The same place today:
www.google.com/maps/@40.7220077,-74.0380614,3a,75y,194.68...
This is a still from a work scan of a Super 8 movie some friends and I shot. When the high-def DVD version returns back from the professional movie scanner, I'll post more images from this film.
Representantes de colegios de Loja fueron capacitados en expresión y derecho internacional para exposición de ideas en una sesión formal de la ONU.
This photo represents me moving on and starting new.
I wanted to create this new account because I really need a fresh start. I created my old Flickr account back in 2009 and, frankly, I loathe my old Flickr URL. It's so bad.
But, please check out some of my old work! There are some hidden gems in there:)
I plan on uploading more. There have been a lot of broken sets that I've never finished and I really want to restart them or just trash them. So yes, I will get back to my Deadly Seven;)
xoxoxox!!
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Earthenware ceramics represent one of the most ancient craft traditions of Indonesia. Traditionally, pottery in Lombok was used in the village household to store rice, water salt and spices.
Penujak, Banyumulek and Masbagik are the three main villages in Lombok where the pottery comes from. These villages had their own distinct styles and methods which were further developed and improved under the aid plan to an extent that now their pottery products are exported around the world.
The oldest part of the complex is represented by the Shrine of San Vittore in Golden Sky , built in the fourth century by Bishop Maternus to preserve the remains of St. Victor and important example of early Christian architecture. Adjacent to it, heading north, the bishop of Milan Ambrose built, between 379 and 386, the Martyrum Basilica, the first version of the early Christian basilica, whose name came from the fact that it was built in an area where martyrs of the Roman persecutions had been buried. The name was changed to the present one later when Ambrose was buried inside it. The current version of the Romanesque basilica with three naves with vaulted ribbed cruise, is characterized by an alternating system of major and minor pillars that allow the transition from four spans in the main nave to eight in the lateral naves. However, there is no agreement on the exact dating of almost all structural parts of the basilica, in the light of the many changes that have taken place over the centuries. The absidiale part is in any case the oldest part, assigned to the centuries VIII, IX or X depending on the author. The church was heavily damaged during the bombings of the Second World War, which destroyed in 1943 especially the outside of the porch, damaged the dome of the basilica and other areas of the basilica complex, and caused the loss of significant art works, including a fresco by Tiepolo that decorated the ceiling of the sacristy. Immediately after the war the restoration works took start. They were completed in the fifties, bringing the church to its former glory.
Дата строительства базилики Св. Амвросия теряется в далеком 4 веке н. э., времени бескомпромиссной борьбы никейского и арианского исповеданий христианства. Ее основатель — один из четырех отцов церкви Амвросий Медиоланский, равно почитаемый католиками и православными. Поводом послужило обретение им поблизости утерянных столетием ранее останков Гервасия и Протасия, замученных во времена Нерона. Отсюда и второе название храма — базилика Мучеников. Сам святитель тоже нашел последний приют в саркофаге между раками найденных им мощей.
Represents an aeroplane operated by the Air Fighting Development Unit, based at Duxford in 1942, although an original photograph in the Imperial War Museum archives shows AA937 to have had ‘clipped’ wingtips when operating with the AFDU.
Duxford Airfield, Cambridgeshire, UK
17th October 2020
This photo represents the first change to waste services for a Sydney council since amalgamations some months ago. Actually there aren’t really any changes, it’s still the same company servicing the same area, just with new trucks and the previous council name is no longer featured. A little while ago I heard that Cleanaway won back the Ashfield contract, but that didn’t make any sense when other councils were extending contracts, due to uncertainty about amalgamations and the need to streamline services once councils did merge. It is on the verge of being 7 years since the current Ashfield/Cleanaway contract started in Nov 2009, but I expected the partnership would extend for a few more years. However, a top bloke I know visited an Iveco dealership and spotted a few new Cleanaway trucks with Inner West Council printed on the side, confirming indeed a new contract had been signed with Cleanaway. These side loaders will likely start work in a couple of weeks, but this time joined by some rear loaders, to service the former Ashfield area under an altered collection regime. I’ve come to the conclusion that the newly formed council decided it wasn’t crucial to standardise waste services and the collection workforce across the former Ashfield, Leichhardt and Marrickville areas yet, so they’ve decided to essentially continue with business as usual for now. I also see the fact that Leichhardt and Marrickville have very young collection vehicles as another influence to put off any changes at this point in time. I’m sure in around 7 years the three separate council waste management systems will have transitioned into one big organisation - it will be a staged work in progress.
Representing Whatley Quarry's aggregates business passing by Hungerford Common are the returning 11.25 Allington ARC Sdgs empties with 59201 met by a Cl59/1 upon the loaded 13.24 Dagenham Dock ARC running 56min early.
13th September 2019
The Glasshouse is an international centre for musical education and concerts on the Gateshead bank of Quayside in northern England. Opened in 2004 as Sage Gateshead and occupied by North Music Trust The venue's original name honours a patron: the accountancy software company The Sage Group.
History
Planning for the centre began in the early 1990s, when the orchestra of Sage Gateshead, Royal Northern Sinfonia, with encouragement from Northern Arts, began working on plans for a new concert hall. They were soon joined by regional folk music development agency Folkworks, which ensured that the needs of the region's traditional music were taken into consideration and represented in Sage Gateshead's programme of concerts, alongside Rock, Pop, Dance, Hip Hop, classical, jazz, acoustic, indie, country and world, Practice spaces for professional musicians, students and amateurs were an important part of the provision.
The planning and construction process cost over £70 million, which was raised primarily through National Lottery grants. The contractor was Laing O'Rourke. The centre has a range of patrons, notably Sage Group which contributed a large sum of money to have the building named after it. Sage plc has helped support the charitable activities of Sage Gateshead since its conception. The venue opened over the weekend 17–19 December 2004.
Sage Gateshead was developed by Foster and Partners following an architectural design competition launched in 1997 and managed by RIBA Competitions. Over 100 architects registered their interest and 12 – a mixture of local, national and international talent – were invited to prepare concept designs. A shortlist of six was then interviewed with Foster and Partners unanimously selected as the winner. The Design has gone on to win a number of awards: the RIBA Inclusive Design Award, Civic Trust Award and The Journal North East Landmark of the Year Award.
As a conference venue, the building hosted the Labour Party's Spring conference in February 2005 and the Liberal Democrat Party conference in March 2012. On 18 August 2009, Sage Gateshead was selected to host the 2010 and 2011 National Union of Students annual conference. The 2010 Annual Conference took place 13–15 April 2010.
In 2022 The Sage Group announced that they were also sponsoring a new development that is being built next to Sage Gateshead which will be called The Sage. Sage Gateshead announced that they will be finding a new name for the venue prior to The Sage opening in 2024. On 13 September 2023 the venue announced its new name, The Glasshouse International Centre for Music.
Building
The centre occupies a curved glass and stainless steel building designed by Foster and Partners, Buro Happold (structural engineering), Mott MacDonald (engineering consultants) and Arup (acoustics), with views of Newcastle and Gateshead Quaysides, the Tyne Bridge and the Gateshead Millennium Bridge.
The Glasshouse contains three performance spaces; a 1,700-seater, a 450-seater, and a smaller rehearsal and performance hall, the Northern Rock Foundation Hall. The rest of the building was designed around these three spaces to allow for maximum attention to detail in their acoustic properties. Structurally it is three separate buildings, insulated from each other to prevent noise and vibration travelling between them. The gaps between them may be seen as one walks around inside. A special 'spongy' concrete mix was used in the construction, with a higher-than-usual air capacity to improve the acoustic. These three buildings are enclosed (but not touched) by the now-famous glass and steel shell. Sage One was intended as an acoustically perfect space, modelled on the Musikverein in Vienna. Its ceiling panels may be raised and lowered and curtains drawn across the ribbed wooden side walls, changing the sound profile of the room to suit any type of music. Sage Two is a smaller venue, possibly the world's only ten-sided performance space.
The building is open to the public throughout the day.
Concerts
The Glasshouse will host concerts from a wide range of internationally famous artists, and those who have played at the venue include Above and Beyond, Blondie, James Brown, Bonobo, Andy Cutting, De La Soul, Nick Cave, George Clinton, Bill Callahan, Crosby, Stills & Nash, Dillinger, Grace Jones, Gretchen Peters, Elbow, Explosions in the Sky, the Fall, Herbie Hancock, Mogwai, Morrissey, Mumford & Sons, Pet Shop Boys, Sunn O))), Nancy Sinatra, Snarky Puppy, Sting, Yellowman, Shane Filan of Westlife and others. In February 2015, it was one of the hosts of the second annual BBC Radio 6 Music Festival.
It is also home to Royal Northern Sinfonia, of which The Guardian wrote there is "no better chamber orchestra in Britain", and frequently hosts other visiting orchestras from around the world. The current music director for Royal Northern Sinfonia is the pianist and conductor Lars Vogt. In late 2014, Royal Northern Sinfonia collaborated with John Grant, performing at Sage Gateshead, and other venues throughout the UK. Recordings from this tour were made available as a limited edition CD and 12" record via Rough Trade Records in 2015.
Opinion
There has been popular debate surrounding what was Sage Gateshead. The venue is popular in the local area because of its concerts, and also its accessible learning courses for all ages and its constant interaction with local schools and academies through programmes such as Sing Up and the option of school visits.
Awards
2019: UK National Lottery 25th Birthday Award - Best Arts, Culture and Film
2019: Julie's Bicycle Creative Green 2 Star
2019: Gold Standard - Attitude is Everything
2018: Gold Award for Inclusive Tourism (North East Tourism Awards)
2018: Gold Award for Business Tourism (Visit England Awards for Excellence)
2005: Local Authority Building of the Year
2005: British Construction Industry Awards
2005: RIBA Award for Inclusive Design
Gateshead is a town in the Gateshead Metropolitan Borough of Tyne and Wear, England. It is on the River Tyne's southern bank. The town's attractions include the twenty metre tall Angel of the North sculpture on the town's southern outskirts, The Glasshouse International Centre for Music and the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art. The town shares the Millennium Bridge, Tyne Bridge and multiple other bridges with Newcastle upon Tyne.
Historically part of County Durham, under the Local Government Act 1888 the town was made a county borough, meaning it was administered independently of the county council.
In the 2011 Census, the town had a population of 120,046 while the wider borough had 200,214.
History
Gateshead is first mentioned in Latin translation in Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People as ad caput caprae ("at the goat's head"). This interpretation is consistent with the later English attestations of the name, among them Gatesheued (c. 1190), literally "goat's head" but in the context of a place-name meaning 'headland or hill frequented by (wild) goats'. Although other derivations have been mooted, it is this that is given by the standard authorities.
A Brittonic predecessor, named with the element *gabro-, 'goat' (c.f. Welsh gafr), may underlie the name. Gateshead might have been the Roman-British fort of Gabrosentum.
Early
There has been a settlement on the Gateshead side of the River Tyne, around the old river crossing where the Swing Bridge now stands, since Roman times.
The first recorded mention of Gateshead is in the writings of the Venerable Bede who referred to an Abbot of Gateshead called Utta in 623. In 1068 William the Conqueror defeated the forces of Edgar the Ætheling and Malcolm king of Scotland (Shakespeare's Malcolm) on Gateshead Fell (now Low Fell and Sheriff Hill).
During medieval times Gateshead was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Durham. At this time the area was largely forest with some agricultural land. The forest was the subject of Gateshead's first charter, granted in the 12th century by Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham. An alternative spelling may be "Gatishevede", as seen in a legal record, dated 1430.
Industrial revolution
Throughout the Industrial Revolution the population of Gateshead expanded rapidly; between 1801 and 1901 the increase was over 100,000. This expansion resulted in the spread southwards of the town.
In 1854, a catastrophic explosion on the quayside destroyed most of Gateshead's medieval heritage, and caused widespread damage on the Newcastle side of the river.
Sir Joseph Swan lived at Underhill, Low Fell, Gateshead from 1869 to 1883, where his experiments led to the invention of the electric light bulb. The house was the first in the world to be wired for domestic electric light.
In the 1889 one of the largest employers (Hawks, Crawshay and Company) closed down and unemployment has since been a burden. Up to the Second World War there were repeated newspaper reports of the unemployed sending deputations to the council to provide work. The depression years of the 1920s and 1930s created even more joblessness and the Team Valley Trading Estate was built in the mid-1930s to alleviate the situation.
Regeneration
In the late noughties, Gateshead Council started to regenerate the town, with the long-term aim of making Gateshead a city. The most extensive transformation occurred in the Quayside, with almost all the structures there being constructed or refurbished in this time.
In the early 2010s, regeneration refocused on the town centre. The £150 million Trinity Square development opened in May 2013, it incorporates student accommodation, a cinema, health centre and shops. It was nominated for the Carbuncle Cup in September 2014. The cup was however awarded to another development which involved Tesco, Woolwich Central.
Governance
In 1835, Gateshead was established as a municipal borough and in 1889 it was made a county borough, independent from Durham County Council.
In 1870, the Old Town Hall was built, designed by John Johnstone who also designed the previously built Newcastle Town Hall. The ornamental clock in front of the old town hall was presented to Gateshead in 1892 by the mayor, Walter de Lancey Willson, on the occasion of him being elected for a third time. He was also one of the founders of Walter Willson's, a chain of grocers in the North East and Cumbria. The old town hall also served as a magistrate's court and one of Gateshead's police stations.
Current
In 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, the County Borough of Gateshead was merged with the urban districts of Felling, Whickham, Blaydon and Ryton and part of the rural district of Chester-le-Street to create the much larger Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead.
Geography
The town of Gateshead is in the North East of England in the ceremonial county of Tyne and Wear, and within the historic boundaries of County Durham. It is located on the southern bank of the River Tyne at a latitude of 54.57° N and a longitude of 1.35° W. Gateshead experiences a temperate climate which is considerably warmer than some other locations at similar latitudes as a result of the warming influence of the Gulf Stream (via the North Atlantic drift). It is located in the rain shadow of the North Pennines and is therefore in one of the driest regions of the United Kingdom.
One of the most distinguishing features of Gateshead is its topography. The land rises 230 feet from Gateshead Quays to the town centre and continues rising to a height of 525 feet at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Sheriff Hill. This is in contrast to the flat and low lying Team Valley located on the western edges of town. The high elevations allow for impressive views over the Tyne valley into Newcastle and across Tyneside to Sunderland and the North Sea from lookouts in Windmill Hills and Windy Nook respectively.
The Office for National Statistics defines the town as an urban sub-division. The latest (2011) ONS urban sub-division of Gateshead contains the historical County Borough together with areas that the town has absorbed, including Dunston, Felling, Heworth, Pelaw and Bill Quay.
Given the proximity of Gateshead to Newcastle, just south of the River Tyne from the city centre, it is sometimes incorrectly referred to as being a part of Newcastle. Gateshead Council and Newcastle City Council teamed up in 2000 to create a unified marketing brand name, NewcastleGateshead, to better promote the whole of the Tyneside conurbation.
Economy
Gateshead is home to the MetroCentre, the largest shopping mall in the UK until 2008; and the Team Valley Trading Estate, once the largest and still one of the larger purpose-built commercial estates in the UK.
Arts
The Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art has been established in a converted flour mill. The Glasshouse International Centre for Music, previously The Sage, a Norman Foster-designed venue for music and the performing arts opened on 17 December 2004. Gateshead also hosted the Gateshead Garden Festival in 1990, rejuvenating 200 acres (0.81 km2) of derelict land (now mostly replaced with housing). The Angel of the North, a famous sculpture in nearby Lamesley, is visible from the A1 to the south of Gateshead, as well as from the East Coast Main Line. Other public art include works by Richard Deacon, Colin Rose, Sally Matthews, Andy Goldsworthy, Gordon Young and Michael Winstone.
Traditional and former
The earliest recorded coal mining in the Gateshead area is dated to 1344. As trade on the Tyne prospered there were several attempts by the burghers of Newcastle to annex Gateshead. In 1576 a small group of Newcastle merchants acquired the 'Grand Lease' of the manors of Gateshead and Whickham. In the hundred years from 1574 coal shipments from Newcastle increased elevenfold while the population of Gateshead doubled to approximately 5,500. However, the lease and the abundant coal supplies ended in 1680. The pits were shallow as problems of ventilation and flooding defeated attempts to mine coal from the deeper seams.
'William Cotesworth (1668-1726) was a prominent merchant based in Gateshead, where he was a leader in coal and international trade. Cotesworth began as the son of a yeoman and apprentice to a tallow - candler. He ended as an esquire, having been mayor, Justice of the Peace and sheriff of Northumberland. He collected tallow from all over England and sold it across the globe. He imported dyes from the Indies, as well as flax, wine, and grain. He sold tea, sugar, chocolate, and tobacco. He operated the largest coal mines in the area, and was a leading salt producer. As the government's principal agent in the North country, he was in contact with leading ministers.
William Hawks originally a blacksmith, started business in Gateshead in 1747, working with the iron brought to the Tyne as ballast by the Tyne colliers. Hawks and Co. eventually became one of the biggest iron businesses in the North, producing anchors, chains and so on to meet a growing demand. There was keen contemporary rivalry between 'Hawks' Blacks' and 'Crowley's Crew'. The famous 'Hawks' men' including Ned White, went on to be celebrated in Geordie song and story.
In 1831 a locomotive works was established by the Newcastle and Darlington Railway, later part of the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway. In 1854 the works moved to the Greenesfield site and became the manufacturing headquarters of North Eastern Railway. In 1909, locomotive construction was moved to Darlington and the rest of the works were closed in 1932.
Robert Stirling Newall took out a patent on the manufacture of wire ropes in 1840 and in partnership with Messrs. Liddell and Gordon, set up his headquarters at Gateshead. A worldwide industry of wire-drawing resulted. The submarine telegraph cable received its definitive form through Newall's initiative, involving the use of gutta-percha surrounded by strong wires. The first successful Dover–Calais cable on 25 September 1851, was made in Newall's works. In 1853, he invented the brake-drum and cone for laying cable in deep seas. Half of the first Atlantic cable was manufactured in Gateshead. Newall was interested in astronomy, and his giant 25-inch (640 mm) telescope was set up in the garden at Ferndene, his Gateshead residence, in 1871.
Architecture
JB Priestley, writing of Gateshead in his 1934 travelogue English Journey, said that "no true civilisation could have produced such a town", adding that it appeared to have been designed "by an enemy of the human race".
Victorian
William Wailes the celebrated stained-glass maker, lived at South Dene from 1853 to 1860. In 1860, he designed Saltwell Towers as a fairy-tale palace for himself. It is an imposing Victorian mansion in its own park with a romantic skyline of turrets and battlements. It was originally furnished sumptuously by Gerrard Robinson. Some of the panelling installed by Robinson was later moved to the Shipley Art gallery. Wailes sold Saltwell Towers to the corporation in 1876 for use as a public park, provided he could use the house for the rest of his life. For many years the structure was essentially an empty shell but following a restoration programme it was reopened to the public in 2004.
Post millennium
The council sponsored the development of a Gateshead Quays cultural quarter. The development includes the Gateshead Millennium Bridge, erected in 2001, which won the prestigious Stirling Prize for Architecture in 2002.
Former brutalism
The brutalist Trinity Centre Car Park, which was designed by Owen Luder, dominated the town centre for many years until its demolition in 2010. A product of attempts to regenerate the area in the 1960s, the car park gained an iconic status due to its appearance in the 1971 film Get Carter, starring Michael Caine. An unsuccessful campaign to have the structure listed was backed by Sylvester Stallone, who played the main role in the 2000 remake of the film. The car park was scheduled for demolition in 2009, but this was delayed as a result of a disagreement between Tesco, who re-developed the site, and Gateshead Council. The council had not been given firm assurances that Tesco would build the previously envisioned town centre development which was to include a Tesco mega-store as well as shops, restaurants, cafes, bars, offices and student accommodation. The council effectively used the car park as a bargaining tool to ensure that the company adhered to the original proposals and blocked its demolition until they submitted a suitable planning application. Demolition finally took place in July–August 2010.
The Derwent Tower, another well known example of brutalist architecture, was also designed by Owen Luder and stood in the neighbourhood of Dunston. Like the Trinity Car Park it also failed in its bid to become a listed building and was demolished in 2012. Also located in this area are the Grade II listed Dunston Staithes which were built in 1890. Following the award of a Heritage Lottery Fund grant of almost £420,000 restoration of the structure is expected to begin in April 2014.
Sport
Gateshead International Stadium regularly holds international athletics meetings over the summer months, and is home of the Gateshead Harriers athletics club. It is also host to rugby league fixtures, and the home ground of Gateshead Football Club. Gateshead Thunder Rugby League Football Club played at Gateshead International Stadium until its purchase by Newcastle Rugby Limited and the subsequent rebranding as Newcastle Thunder. Both clubs have had their problems: Gateshead A.F.C. were controversially voted out of the Football League in 1960 in favour of Peterborough United, whilst Gateshead Thunder lost their place in Super League as a result of a takeover (officially termed a merger) by Hull F.C. Both Gateshead clubs continue to ply their trade at lower levels in their respective sports, thanks mainly to the efforts of their supporters. The Gateshead Senators American Football team also use the International Stadium, as well as this it was used in the 2006 Northern Conference champions in the British American Football League.
Gateshead Leisure Centre is home to the Gateshead Phoenix Basketball Team. The team currently plays in EBL League Division 4. Home games are usually on a Sunday afternoon during the season, which runs from September to March. The team was formed in 2013 and ended their initial season well placed to progress after defeating local rivals Newcastle Eagles II and promotion chasing Kingston Panthers.
In Low Fell there is a cricket club and a rugby club adjacent to each other on Eastwood Gardens. These are Gateshead Fell Cricket Club and Gateshead Rugby Club. Gateshead Rugby Club was formed in 1998 following the merger of Gateshead Fell Rugby Club and North Durham Rugby Club.
Transport
Gateshead is served by the following rail transport stations with some being operated by National Rail and some being Tyne & Wear Metro stations: Dunston, Felling, Gateshead Interchange, Gateshead Stadium, Heworth Interchange, MetroCentre and Pelaw.
Tyne & Wear Metro stations at Gateshead Interchange and Gateshead Stadium provide direct light-rail access to Newcastle Central, Newcastle Airport , Sunderland, Tynemouth and South Shields Interchange.
National Rail services are provided by Northern at Dunston and MetroCentre stations. The East Coast Main Line, which runs from London Kings Cross to Edinburgh Waverley, cuts directly through the town on its way between Newcastle Central and Chester-le-Street stations. There are presently no stations on this line within Gateshead, as Low Fell, Bensham and Gateshead West stations were closed in 1952, 1954 and 1965 respectively.
Road
Several major road links pass through Gateshead, including the A1 which links London to Edinburgh and the A184 which connects the town to Sunderland.
Gateshead Interchange is the busiest bus station in Tyne & Wear and was used by 3.9 million bus passengers in 2008.
Cycle routes
Various bicycle trails traverse the town; most notably is the recreational Keelmans Way (National Cycle Route 14), which is located on the south bank of the Tyne and takes riders along the entire Gateshead foreshore. Other prominent routes include the East Gateshead Cycleway, which connects to Felling, the West Gateshead Cycleway, which links the town centre to Dunston and the MetroCentre, and routes along both the old and new Durham roads, which take cyclists to Birtley, Wrekenton and the Angel of the North.
Religion
Christianity has been present in the town since at least the 7th century, when Bede mentioned a monastery in Gateshead. A church in the town was burned down in 1080 with the Bishop of Durham inside.[citation needed] St Mary's Church was built near to the site of that building, and was the only church in the town until the 1820s. Undoubtedly the oldest building on the Quayside, St Mary's has now re-opened to the public as the town's first heritage centre.
Many of the Anglican churches in the town date from the 19th century, when the population of the town grew dramatically and expanded into new areas. The town presently has a number of notable and large churches of many denominations.
Judaism
The Bensham district is home to a community of hundreds of Jewish families and used to be known as "Little Jerusalem". Within the community is the Gateshead Yeshiva, founded in 1929, and other Jewish educational institutions with international enrolments. These include two seminaries: Beis Medrash L'Morot and Beis Chaya Rochel seminary, colloquially known together as Gateshead "old" and "new" seminaries.
Many yeshivot and kollels also are active. Yeshivat Beer Hatorah, Sunderland Yeshiva, Nesivos Hatorah, Nezer Hatorah and Yeshiva Ketana make up some of the list.
Islam
Islam is practised by a large community of people in Gateshead and there are 2 mosques located in the Bensham area (in Ely Street and Villa Place).
Twinning
Gateshead is twinned with the town of Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray near Rouen in France, and the city of Komatsu in Japan.
Notable people
Eliezer Adler – founder of Jewish Community
Marcus Bentley – narrator of Big Brother
Catherine Booth – wife of William Booth, known as the Mother of The Salvation Army
William Booth – founder of the Salvation Army
Mary Bowes – the Unhappy Countess, author and celebrity
Ian Branfoot – footballer and manager (Sheffield Wednesday and Southampton)
Andy Carroll – footballer (Newcastle United, Liverpool and West Ham United)
Frank Clark – footballer and manager (Newcastle United and Nottingham Forest)
David Clelland – Labour politician and MP
Derek Conway – former Conservative politician and MP
Joseph Cowen – Radical politician
Steve Cram – athlete (middle-distance runner)
Emily Davies – educational reformer and feminist, founder of Girton College, Cambridge
Daniel Defoe – writer and government agent
Ruth Dodds – politician, writer and co-founder of the Little Theatre
Jonathan Edwards – athlete (triple jumper) and television presenter
Sammy Johnson – actor (Spender)
George Elliot – industrialist and MP
Paul Gascoigne – footballer (Newcastle United, Tottenham Hotspur, Lazio, Rangers and Middlesbrough)
Alex Glasgow – singer/songwriter
Avrohom Gurwicz – rabbi, Dean of Gateshead Yeshiva
Leib Gurwicz – rabbi, Dean of Gateshead Yeshiva
Jill Halfpenny – actress (Coronation Street and EastEnders)
Chelsea Halfpenny – actress (Emmerdale)
David Hodgson – footballer and manager (Middlesbrough, Liverpool and Sunderland)
Sharon Hodgson – Labour politician and MP
Norman Hunter – footballer (Leeds United and member of 1966 World Cup-winning England squad)
Don Hutchison – footballer (Liverpool, West Ham United, Everton and Sunderland)
Brian Johnson – AC/DC frontman
Tommy Johnson – footballer (Aston Villa and Celtic)
Riley Jones - actor
Howard Kendall – footballer and manager (Preston North End and Everton)
J. Thomas Looney – Shakespeare scholar
Gary Madine – footballer (Sheffield Wednesday)
Justin McDonald – actor (Distant Shores)
Lawrie McMenemy – football manager (Southampton and Northern Ireland) and pundit
Thomas Mein – professional cyclist (Canyon DHB p/b Soreen)
Robert Stirling Newall – industrialist
Bezalel Rakow – communal rabbi
John William Rayner – flying ace and war hero
James Renforth – oarsman
Mariam Rezaei – musician and artist
Sir Tom Shakespeare - baronet, sociologist and disability rights campaigner
William Shield – Master of the King's Musick
Christina Stead – Australian novelist
John Steel – drummer (The Animals)
Henry Spencer Stephenson – chaplain to King George VI and Queen Elizabeth II
Steve Stone – footballer (Nottingham Forest, Aston Villa and Portsmouth)
Chris Swailes – footballer (Ipswich Town)
Sir Joseph Swan – inventor of the incandescent light bulb
Nicholas Trainor – cricketer (Gloucestershire)
Chris Waddle – footballer (Newcastle United, Tottenham Hotspur and Sheffield Wednesday)
William Wailes – stained glass maker
Taylor Wane – adult entertainer
Robert Spence Watson – public benefactor
Sylvia Waugh – author of The Mennyms series for children
Chris Wilkie – guitarist (Dubstar)
John Wilson - orchestral conductor
Peter Wilson – footballer (Gateshead, captain of Australia)
Thomas Wilson – poet/school founder
Robert Wood – Australian politician
This pic really represents how I've been feeling lately. I though I was alone in the middle of the dark, but I've discovered you can always do something to change it. It's like s bit of light in the middle of the darkness. I like the result, that's what I expected to get.Don't forget visiting my Facebook page: www.facebook.com/BAriasPhotography
2021 represents a significant milestone in the history of the Phoenix Railway-Photographic Circle with the celebration of our 50th anniversary by publishing a book to showcase some of the members work, past and present, from 1971 to the present day.
The book contains 14 chapters and 144 pages of photographs depicting the work of over 50 accomplished railway photographers with many differing styles and approaches. It takes an alternative view on photographing the railway scene over the past 50 years.
The book, called 50 Years of Phoenix will be published on 14th May 2021 with pre-orders now being taken – click on this link to order your copy: www.mortonsbooks.co.uk/product/view/productCode/15554
Why not take a look at the PRPC web site at www.phoenix-rpc.co.uk/index.html.
Representing a more modern version of the number 1 bus route is Daimler Fleetline 3780 KOX 780F. The bus is taking part in Wythall Transport Museum's celebration of 100 years of the Birmingham number one bus route. The bus is seen at Westbourne Crescent in Edgbaston.
Copyright Geoff Dowling; all rights reserved