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Image from '[Historical Collections of the State of New Jersey ... relating to its history and antiquities, with geographical descriptions of every township in the State. [With illustrations.]]', 000194808
Author: BARBER, John Warner and HOWE (Henry)
Page: 413
Year: 1852
Place: Newark, N.J
Publisher: J. H. Bradley
Following the link above will take you to the British Library's integrated catalogue. You will be able to download a PDF of the book this image is taken from, as well as view the pages up close with the 'itemViewer'. Click on the 'related items' to search for the electronic version of this work.
Strange to relate, that although built in part of an old warehouse, this Samuel Smiths pub is actually only around a decade old, but they have done a terrific job on the interior so it looks much older, anyway, with its views of the Thames and outside riverside terrace, who's going to complain? Captain Kidd was a pirate who was executed close by at 'Execution wharf', after his death his body was coated in tar and hung in a cage to rot, as a warning to others. Nice.
An Emperor Penguin at Sea World Gold Coast. this was back in 2013, and when i went again this year, I saw this guy again! you can tell him apart because he'll use his flippers and feet to make a little mound of snow and just flop onto it. he also has a little black freckle on his chest.
if you want to use this photo for personal reasons, eg: computer or phone background, you may do that without permission from me. but if you want to use this in an edit, or to repost on any social media site, please ask me first, and give me credit, linking back to my Flickr page if possible.
-Thank You
All these pictures relate to my blog for Gardeners World Magazine
while you are at it, try my other blog
If you don't know which movie this is your childhood sucked. I'm so sorry. #InspirationalQuotes #GirlQuotes #Quotes #TeenageLife #LifeQuotes #BeautifulQuotes #RelationshipQuotes #SuccessQuotes #DontGiveUp #QuotesForTeens #PositiveQuotes #TeenQuotes #WomenQuotes #Follow4follow #Adult #Love #Forever #LDR #LongDistanceRelationship #S4S #Relateable #Allgirls #Repost #followme #beyonce #nickiminaj - _relate.quotess
Postcard
The Fay Thomas Collection includes family archives relating to the Thomas family. Moses Thomas (1825-1878) was a significant figure in the history of the area now known as the City of Whittlesea, Victoria, Australia. Thomas and Ann and their family lived at "Mayfield", Mernda, Victoria.
Miss Lily Thomas (1871-1946), Thomas and Ann’s fourth daughter lived there all her life. She collected postcards which her family and friends sent her on a very regular basis. It was an easy and enjoyable way to keep in touch. Production of postcards blossomed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Lily’s collection encompasses the so-called Golden Age (1890-1915) with many postmarked 1906-1907. Some were sent to other members of the family.
The collection document the natural landscape as well as the built environment—buildings, gardens, parks, and tourist sites. Topographical Postcards showing street scenes and general views from Australian and international locations, some of which are artistic views. Popular postcard manufacturers such as Tuck’s Postcards are included in the collection.
Decorative cards, many embellished with floral motives (as a nod to the receiver Lily?) and embossing. Greeting cards are common for Christmas, New Year, Easter and of course birthdays.
Regular senders can be identified from Kyneton and the Great Ocean Road area, Victoria and there is a siginifant collection from Scotland (but not sent from there).
YPRL hold digital copies of the Papers of the Moses Thomas Family held at State Library Victoria
Copyright for these images is Public domain but a credit to the Fay Thomas Collection and YPRL would be appreciated.
Enquiries: Yarra Plenty Regional Library
What is the Origin of the plants here and how do they relate to this environment?
Majority of the plants here are from Asia and other parts of the world. The way I see it is that by creating a man made park like this one, you are making it possible for people from all over to come and take in what else is out there.
As for how the plants relate to the site- they all follow a special sequence called: The Bentham & Hooker System: this system thought that “plants producing flowers with separate or free floral parts were less advanced then those producing flowers with united parts.”(A.A.com) Based on this system, all of the plants had designated spots in which they were intended to lay except for a few. “The magnolia family was considered one of the most primitive groups along with the tulip trees and this is where the sequence became at the arboretum.” (A.A.com) As for the location of the rest of the plants, there were very few exceptions made so that all of the plants could group together and more clearly as a whole. Examples:
The Willows: planted adjacent to the low lying ground of the meadow rather than their position in the Bentham and Hooker System.
The Dogwoods: planted in various locations for aesthetic appeal.
Does this natural space work as a public space? How are the science and beauty linked?
I think this natural space does work as a public space. One thing I couldn’t get over while visiting the A.A. was how much I felt disconnected to the City of Boston and really took a step back to enjoy the scenery. This public garden/ park has so many beautiful parts to it and by clumping alike trees, flowers, and plants together it makes it much more pleasing to the eye rather then plants growing sporadically.
As for the link between science and beauty the Bentham and Hooker system built the connection. By placing multiple trees with one another instead of having one free standing tree or even two, it makes it easier for the viewer to recognize different plants and their individual families. The design for the entire park was intended on purpose and for that makes it extremely easy to become engrossed by it.
In, relating to, or characteristic of a city or town.
Urban art sometimes known as graffiti is a style of art that relates to cities and city life often done by artists who live there!!
But that word just makes me think of urban art...
And in my dreams... THAT'S what I wanna be! I've stickered my town... Knit bombed it.. Filled it with wooly monsters.. Created a wish tree in the woods.. But one day I'm gonna cover it in a RAINBOW!
Definition: Technical:
1. Of, relating to, or derived from technique.
2.
a. Having special skill or practical knowledge especially in a mechanical or scientific field: a technical adviser.
b. Used in or peculiar to a specific field or profession; specialized: technical terminology.
3.
a. Belonging or relating to a particular subject: technical expertise.
b. Of, relating to, or involving the practical, mechanical, or industrial arts or the applied sciences: a technical school.
4.
a. Abstract or theoretical: a technical analysis.
b. Of, relating to, or employing the methodology of science; scientific.
5. According to principle; formal rather than practical: a technical advantage.
6. Industrial and mechanical; technological.
7. Relating to or based on analysis of market indicators, such as trading volume and fluctuations in securities prices, rather than underlying economic conditions such as corporate earnings, inflation, and unemployment: a technical correction in the stock market.
Idea: I based the design of this tree on the design of an eclipse viewer, light box or an old brown box camera, but instead of using a small hole, I used a tree shape.
Process: I made this tree by cutting the shape of a palm tree into the bottom of the box Optus sent me my new modem in and then painting the whole thing green. This is a view of the sunrise from the inside the light box.
The Problems relating to the Management & Excavations of the Archaeological Ruins of Herculaneum / Pompeii as reported in Foreign Press (1904-2002). Prof. A. de Franciscis (SAP), Pompeii Ruins Threatened, The N.Y. Times, Jan 19, 1969, XX51. [1/3].
I have tried to include as many elements as possible and to relate them to my research. The sunglasses have been replaced by my safety glasses. They have some wear and tear, because they were a present from my father when I started university more than 10 years ago!
The new formula is one of the basic equations in magnetism, because I am working with magnetic nanoparticles. It also has the letter H, like the previous formula.
I've tried to replace the rainbow in the screen of the previous picture with a "rainbow" of chemical solutions. Some of them are fluorescent (pink and green). I had never worked with fluorescence before coming here and still feel excited when seeing these colours, like a little child. We use fluorescent dyes to check encapsulation of substances inside protocells, to label particles, and so on. The black one is a ferrofluid of magnetic nanoparticles, and is connected to my project.
The spatulas and tweezers have now replaced the arrows of the previous picture, and a lab notebook replaces the PC screen.
Emphemera relating to the Development association which raised lots of funds for the club throughout the 1970's and 1980's
Postcard
The Fay Thomas Collection includes family archives relating to the Thomas family. Moses Thomas (1825-1878) was a significant figure in the history of the area now known as the City of Whittlesea, Victoria, Australia. Thomas and Ann and their family lived at "Mayfield", Mernda, Victoria.
Miss Lily Thomas (1871-1946), Thomas and Ann’s fourth daughter lived there all her life. She collected postcards which her family and friends sent her on a very regular basis. It was an easy and enjoyable way to keep in touch. Production of postcards blossomed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Lily’s collection encompasses the so-called Golden Age (1890-1915) with many postmarked 1906-1907. Some were sent to other members of the family.
The collection document the natural landscape as well as the built environment—buildings, gardens, parks, and tourist sites. Topographical Postcards showing street scenes and general views from Australian and international locations, some of which are artistic views. Popular postcard manufacturers such as Tuck’s Postcards are included in the collection.
Decorative cards, many embellished with floral motives (as a nod to the receiver Lily?) and embossing. Greeting cards are common for Christmas, New Year, Easter and of course birthdays.
Regular senders can be identified from Kyneton and the Great Ocean Road area, Victoria and there is a siginifant collection from Scotland (but not sent from there).
YPRL hold digital copies of the Papers of the Moses Thomas Family held at State Library Victoria
Copyright for these images is Public domain but a credit to the Fay Thomas Collection and YPRL would be appreciated.
Enquiries: Yarra Plenty Regional Library
Go to Page with image in the Internet Archive
Title: Gymnastics for youth, or, A practical guide to healthful and amusing exercises : for the use of schools ; an essay toward the necessary improvement of education, chiefly as it relates to the body
Creator: Guts Muths, Johann Christoph Friedrich, 1759-1839
Creator: Salzmann, Christian Gotthilf, 1744-1811
Publisher: Philadelphia : Printed for P. Byrne ...
Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons, U.S. National Library of Medicine
Contributor: U.S. National Library of Medicine
Date: 1803
Language: eng
Description: Erroneously attributed to Salzmann. Attributed to Guts Muths. Cf. NUC pre-56
Translation of: Gymnastik für die Jugend
Signatures: A-3K⁴
Includes bibliographical references
Shaw & Shoemaker
Will digitize
Condition reviewed
If you have questions concerning reproductions, please contact the Contributing Library.
Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.
Read/Download from the Internet Archive
Local legend relates that when the Vietnamese fought invading Chinese armies, the gods sent a family of dragons to help defend the land. That family of dragons began spitting out jewels and jade. Those jewels turned into the islands and islets dotting the bay, linking together to form a great wall against the invaders. The people kept their land safe and formed what later became the country of Vietnam. After that, dragons decided to live in Ha Long Bay. The place where Mother Dragon flew down became Hạ Long, the place where the dragon children attended upon their mother received the name Bái Tử Long island (Bái: attend upon; Tử: children; Long: dragon), and the place where the dragon children wriggled their tails violently became known as Bạch Long Vỹ island (Bạch: white- color of the foam made when Children Dragon wriggle; Long: dragon, Vỹ: tail).
The Problems relating to the Management & Excavations of the Archaeological Ruins of Herculaneum / Pompeii as reported in Foreign Press (1904-2002). Prof. A. de Franciscis (SAP), Pompeii Ruins Threatened, The N.Y. Times, Jan 19, 1969, XX51. [2/3].
Brasília (DF), 11/03/2025 - Relator do Orçamento 2025, senador Angelo Coronel após reunião com deputados e seandores na Comissão mista de orçamento. Foto: Lula Marques/Agência Brasil
Memorial relating to
Captain Romuald Nalecz-Tyminski DSC
Commander of the Polish Navy Warship ORP SLAZAK.
ORP Ślązak (Polish for Silesian) was a World War II Hunt-class destroyer. Initially laid down in 1940 for the Royal Navy as HMS Bedale, in 1942 she was commissioned by the Polish Navy.
After World War II, she was leased to the Indian Navy in 1953, where she served as a training ship until 1976. She was scrapped in 1979.
At Dieppe she saved 85 soldiers of the Royal Regiment of Canada, trapped at the beach after landing
A skilled and accomplished seaman, Nalecz-Tyminski worked his way up the ranks during his life on the seas, commanding numerous warships on dramatic danger-filled missions.
“Nobody did more than he did to get the Canadians out”, said Joe Ryan, a veteran of the Royal Regiment of Canada who fought at Dieppe, France.
Ryan said he can still remember watching the destroyer heading straight towards the beach firing all of its guns at the enemy, before turning abruptly, churning up mud and rocks from beneath the water and rescuing the Canadians as they evacuated the landing beaches as the raid had failed to achieve its objectives.
For his role in the rescue Nalecz-Tyminski was awarded Britain’s Distinguished Service Cross.
Postcard
The Fay Thomas Collection includes family archives relating to the Thomas family. Moses Thomas (1825-1878) was a significant figure in the history of the area now known as the City of Whittlesea, Victoria, Australia. Thomas and Ann and their family lived at "Mayfield", Mernda, Victoria.
Miss Lily Thomas (1871-1946), Thomas and Ann’s fourth daughter lived there all her life. She collected postcards which her family and friends sent her on a very regular basis. It was an easy and enjoyable way to keep in touch. Production of postcards blossomed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Lily’s collection encompasses the so-called Golden Age (1890-1915) with many postmarked 1906-1907. Some were sent to other members of the family.
The collection document the natural landscape as well as the built environment—buildings, gardens, parks, and tourist sites. Topographical Postcards showing street scenes and general views from Australian and international locations, some of which are artistic views. Popular postcard manufacturers such as Tuck’s Postcards are included in the collection.
Decorative cards, many embellished with floral motives (as a nod to the receiver Lily?) and embossing. Greeting cards are common for Christmas, New Year, Easter and of course birthdays.
Regular senders can be identified from Kyneton and the Great Ocean Road area, Victoria and there is a siginifant collection from Scotland (but not sent from there).
YPRL hold digital copies of the Papers of the Moses Thomas Family held at State Library Victoria
Copyright for these images is Public domain but a credit to the Fay Thomas Collection and YPRL would be appreciated.
Enquiries: Yarra Plenty Regional Library
Gosh a car i can relate to i had 2 of these - my first one was clove brown and my second one a new 1989 red 1.1 litre. At least i was in good company with this car - but it would not go above 60 without having to hold things down or grab the dash to stop the car falling apart - vibration was terrible!!!!
Monk Bar
Four storeyed town gate with circular bartizans at the north and east angles, and dates from the early 14th century, the uppermost storey being added in the late 15th century. It was built to a sophisticated design with each floor defensible. From 1577 it was used as a prison. The barbican was removed in 1815-25. It retains a portcullis which is in working order. No trace has been found of the earlier medieval gate, which was probably situated on the site of the Roman porta decumana, somewhere in the region of the demolished Tower 29 to the north west. Therefore all references prior to the early 14th century relate to this previous gate.
Monk Bar consists of a four-storey gatehouse with circular bartizans at the N. and E. angles and a low-pitched leaded roof. The passageway and two lower storeys above have ribbed vaults. A lofty arch on the outer face between the bartizans supports a narrow crenellated gallery at third-floor level. The Bar, which lies 100 yds. S.E. of the porta decumana of the legionary fortress, is built almost entirely of magnesian limestone and dates from the early 14th century; the uppermost storey was added in the late 15th century and windows were renewed in the 16th century. The gatehouse was built to a sophisticated design, making it a self-contained fortress with each floor defensible, even when the others had been captured. Variations in stone sizes and irregular coursing indicate several stages during the construction, with the front wall apparently preceding the vaulting. There is no trace of an earlier gate on this site.
The earlier medieval gate probably lay on the site of the Roman porta decumana, where signs of extensive rebuilding and of a former tower may be seen. This position for the gate is indicated both by the alignment of the S. Part of Goodramgate and by the name of the destroyed church of St. John del Pyke (of the gate). Tolls collected in 1280 at Monk Gate must refer to this earlier gate. The name derives from the street of Monkgate, mentioned as early as c. 1075. The monks were the community of the pre-Conquest minster, a designation which would have been obsolete in the 12th century. The original Monkgate was a street on the Roman line running from Monk Bridge to the porta decumana and so called because it led directly to the Minster precincts. It is suggested that when the stone defences were built the old gate was replaced by one on the present site and the street name was also transferred. The question has recently been discussed by Mr. H. G. Ramm. The present form of the name first occurs in 1370. In 1435/6 the house above the Bar was rented for 4s. A year to Thomas Pak, the master mason of the Minster, in 1440/1 to William Croft, gentleman, in c. 1450 to John, Lord Scrope, and in 1476, when described as the stone tower situated above the Monk Bar, to Miles Metcalf, Recorder from 1477 to 1486, for 5s. Hand-guns were delivered to William Wode, officer of the ward, presumably for this bar, in 1511. In 1541 the Bar was cleaned in preparation for Henry VIII's visit. In 1563 it was used as a temporary prison, and in 1577 this use became permanent. In 1583 the rooms there were inspected to see if they were suitable for imprisoning recusants. They were presumably found so, because in 1594 'Alice Bowman was sent to a place called Little Ease, which is in Monk Bar'. A recalcitrant apprentice was also confined in Little Ease in 1598. This prison was probably one of the tiny rooms in the bartizans.
Although it was used for a sally during the siege of 1644, the Bar escaped damage since this side of the city was not closely invested. The gates were renewed in 1671 and 1707. In 1815 part of the barbican was removed, and in 1825, when a foot-way was made to the S.E., the watch house and the rest of the barbican were demolished. The gates were removed and together with the old hay weighing machine from Mint Yard sold for £18. They appear to have resembled those of Walmgate Bar, with heavy moulded muntins, curved in the upper part. In 1845 another side passage was made through the city wall to the N.W. And the Bar was restored at a cost of £429 for use as a house for a police inspector. The existing large arch to the S.E. Was made in 1861. In 1913–14 further restoration took place and use as a house was discontinued. The portcullis was put in working order and periodically lowered for public inspection. There was more extensive restoration in 1952–3 at a cost of £6,000 and in 1966 voussoirs of the inner arch and of the vaults to the passage were replaced after damage by a vehicle. The upper floors are now used by the Scouts.
Architectural Description. The N.E. Front to Monkgate has a round-headed archway of two orders opening to the passage; some of the smaller voussoirs are of gritstone. Behind a portcullis slot is an inner arch of the same size but of a single order and with larger voussoirs. The archway is flanked by projecting buttresses with moulded and weathered plinths. On the N.E. Buttress is a rectangular stone plaque carved in relief and painted with the words MONK BAR RENOVATED 1953 and with a shield of arms of the City of York below a cap of maintenance and upon a sword and mace in saltire. At first-floor level both buttresses are pierced by shoulder-headed doorways, formerly leading to the wall walk of the barbican. Over the passage archway are two cruciform arrow slits terminating in round oillets, and there is a second pair set closer together at second-floor level. Above again and 3¼ ft. In front of the main wall is a pointed arch of two chamfered orders supporting a gallery. A coffered effect on the underside of the gallery may be due to a series of 'murder-holes', now paved over. Below a string course at the floor level of the gallery and in the spandrels of the supporting arch are two shields of arms of the City of York under low canopies with crocketted pinnacles. Above the crown of the arch, on the central merlon of the parapet of the gallery, are the royal arms of England as used after c. 1405, but formerly with Old France in the first and fourth quarters. (fn. 95) The shield is depicted as hanging by a guige below a crowned helm bearing the crest of a crowned demi-lion rampant, the whole under a canopy. The flanking merlons have blocks projecting from their coping, apparently as bases for pinnacles or small statues. The face of the Bar behind the gallery is pierced by two square gunports, each with an equal-armed cruciform sighting slit above. A deep weathered band separates these from a plain parapet.
The bartizans spring, as at Micklegate Bar, from three rounded corbel courses broken at the outer angles by the corners of the buttresses below. At third-floor and roof levels they are surrounded by steeply weathered string courses and have two cruciform arrow slits at each level. On each bartizan three of the merlons support a demi-figure of a wild man holding a boulder as if to hurl it. These are perhaps 17th-century, replacing earlier figures.
The façade to Goodramgate is ancient; it is the only rear façade of any of the major Bars to have been built originally wholly in masonry. The archway to the passage, round-headed, and of three orders on the face, is inset some 7 ft. And flanked by projecting blocks of masonry. Spanning between the blocks is a segmental arch above which a platform projects, supported on seven corbels of various forms. There is another segmental arch above the platform which is filled by a wall set back to give the platform a width of 2½ ft.; the wall is pierced by a central three-light window with mullions and high-set transom of c. 1580 which is flanked by a doorway 4 ft. High and a small rectangular window. A corbel-course marks the level of the second floor. Above this a central three-light window with trefoil heads to the lights is flanked by two empty niches; the cusped head of the right niche has been restored. The third floor is lit by two windows, each of two shoulder-headed lights, flanking a shallow trefoil-headed niche. The narrow pointedarched doorway gives access to the stairway in the thickness of the N.W. Wall.
The side elevations have been much altered by the removal of the rampart for foot passages and on the S.E. By the demolition of the watch house. Variations in sizes and coursing of the masonry indicate numerous repairs. On the S.E. Side prominent features are the projecting garderobe, resting originally on two chamfered corbels, and a row of small square patches of stone at the third-floor level inserted in recent years after the removal of the 19th-century iron tiebars.Inside, the through passage between the main archways is covered with an octopartite ribbed vault springing from brackets. In the S.E. Wall of the passage a pointed-arched doorway, now blocked, led to the demolished watch house. There are masons' marks on this wall and on the N.W. Wall. The rear main archway retains the hooks for the wooden gates on the city side. The through passage continuing beyond the rear archway but within the Bar has a segmental vault supported by three ribs. The staircase passage in the thickness of the N.W. Wall, with a stone roof on a corbel course stepped parallel to the steps, is lit by two slits. At the head of the stairs is a square lobby with archways in all four directions; each archway could be closed by a door.
The first-floor room is lit only by the two arrow slits in the front wall and by two windows in the rear wall. It has two bays of octopartite ribbed vaulting, allowance being made for the portcullis to rise behind an arch set inwards from the front wall. When raised, the portcullis partly blocks the arrow slits. There is a wide fireplace in the N.W. Wall below a straight lintel, which has cracked and is supported by a later pier. The floor is stone-flagged. In the S.E. Wall a pointedarched doorway leads to a short passage to the barbican and to a straight staircase ascending in the thickness of the wall to the second floor. A garderobe recess opening off the passage retains its stone seat. The staircase is lit by two slits and roofed with stepped slabs.
The second-floor room also has a ribbed vault in two bays, a stone-flagged floor and a fireplace in the N.W. Wall. In addition to the arrow slits in the front wall and the three-light window in the rear wall, there is a rectangular window in the S.E. Side wall. A pointedarched doorway, at one time blocked, leads by three steps down to the wall walk on the S.E., and two other doorways, one shoulder-headed, lead to the bartizans. In front of the arrow slits is the wooden windlass with bars and sockets for raising and lowering the portcullis and, at one end, an iron ratchet and pawl to prevent slipping. There was a similar ratchet and pawl at the other end in 1834. The windlass itself is a beam 8 ins. In diameter, cut to an octagonal shape and mounted 3½ ft. Above the floor. The supports now rest on a board set in the floor, but holes in the wall 9 ins. Square may have held beams to support the weight. The portcullis is still in working order and after restoration in 1914 was lowered on Sundays and Bank Holidays. A pointed-arched doorway in the N.W. Wall leads to an ascending staircase. Initials and the date 1617 are incised on the S.E. Wall.The E. Bartizan room has a domed vault with two intersecting ribs springing from a corbel course. A cross is deeply cut in the wall near the floor just inside the door, perhaps by a recusant prisoner if this cramped room may be identified as 'Little Ease'. The other bartizan has a modern timber ceiling resting on a corbel course; in the W. Angle is a small garderobe, again retaining its stone seat and also a ledge behind it. The floor level in the main room has probably been altered in relation to those of these turret rooms.
The third-floor room is lit by the gunports and their sighting slits in the front wall and by two-light shoulderheaded windows in the other walls. Shoulder-headed doorways in the front wall lead to the bartizans, of which the E. Is occupied by a stone spiral staircase, probably a later insertion, ascending to the roof. From the bartizans similar doorways lead to the outer gallery. The 16th-century timber roof is supported on two main trusses, but corbels built into the walls suggest a different earlier arrangement. On and near a corbel in the N.W. Wall are several 17th-century graffiti.The roof is of low pitch and leaded. The doorways to it from the bartizans have flat lintels. The plain parapet rises in two steps to shelter these doorways, and the chimney stops at the parapet level.
The barbican, demolished in 1825, projected 44 ft. In front of the Bar, and was 27 ft. Wide and 17 ft. High with walls 5 ft. To 6 ft. Thick. The round-headed archway of two orders resembled that of the outer archway of the Bar and was set in a plain wall below a low parapet with moulded cornice. By 1807 this had no merlons and the bartizans may have been lowered; the latter, set at the outer angles, were polygonal, supported on three corbel courses. Four slits in the parapet over the arch and two in the front walls of the bartizans appear to have been too low down for use as loopholes. There was a rear arch internally and in the centre of the N.W. Wall was a narrow doorway which could be used as a sally-port. Views of c. 1820 show wooden gates in the outer archway. In demolishing part of the barbican a reused 13th-century coffin lid of Milicia, wife of Jeremy de Lue, was discovered. The watch house adjoining the Bar on the S.E. Was a single-storeyed rectangular building, measuring 10 ft. By 15 ft., presumably added because the gatehouse was used as a dwelling or later as a prison.From Monk Bar to Layerthorpe Postern the city wall is known to have been repaired in 1579, and 1666. It was thoroughly restored in 1871 and 1877–8, when a wall walk was added where missing. The line of the mediaeval wall near Monk Bar is slightly sinuous with numerous buttresses, indicating instability; part collapsed in 1957. When in 1858 the Board of Health Committee in order to make a new road proposed removing 158 ft. Of the wall and rampart adjoining the Bar, the wall was described as ruinous. The outer face is in places battered for the whole height and there are signs that at least one length has been taken down and rebuilt. An irregularity E. Of the Bar may mark the site of a small tower. Internally the inner face of the Roman fortress wall within and below the mediaeval wall was cleared and exposed in 1875 and 1928, the rampart having already been removed. Some of the internal arches supporting the wall walk here already existed in 1827 when George Nicholson sketched them.
The parapet adjoining Monk Bar is pierced by a series of thirteen musket loops, most of which are modern rebuilds. At a point 32 ft. N.W. Of Tower 31 is an unusual feature comprising, externally, a solid buttress 7½ ft. Wide and projecting 3¼–4¼ ft., but internally two arched recesses, apparently garderobes, opening off the wall walk. The latter are 2¼ ft. And 2½ ft. Wide, 4¼ ft. High, and 1¾ ft. Deep; the N.W. One has a round hole in the floor and is railed off.
[York Historic Environment Record]
Walking the York City Walls
The city or ‘bar’ walls of York are the most complete example of medieval city walls still standing in England today. Beneath the medieval stonework lie the remains of earlier walls dating as far back as the Roman period.
The Roman walls survived into the 9th century when, in AD 866, York was invaded by the Danish Vikings. The Vikings buried the existing Roman wall under an earth bank and topped with a palisade – a tall fence of pointed wooden stakes.
The wooden palisade was replaced in the 13th and 14th centuries with the stone wall we see today.
The medieval city walls originally included 4 main gates or ‘bars’ (Bootham Bar, Monk Bar, Walmgate Bar and Micklegate Bar), 6 postern or secondary gates and 44 intermediate towers. The defensive perimeter stretched over 2 miles encompassing the medieval city and castle.
By the late 18th century, however, the walls were no longer required as defences for the city and had fallen into disrepair. In 1800, the Corporation of York applied for an Act of Parliament to demolish them. In addition to the poor condition of the walls at the time, the narrow gateways of the bars were inconvenient and the walls themselves hindered the city’s expansion.
Many other cities, including London, were removing their outdated, medieval city walls at this time. In York, however, the city officials met with fierce and influential opposition and by the mid-nineteenth century the Corporation had been forced to back down.
Unfortunately, the call for preservation came too late for some parts of the walls – the barbicans at all but one of the gateways (Walmgate Bar) had been torn down along with 3 postern gates, 5 towers and 300 yards of the wall itself.
Since the mid-nineteenth century the walls have been restored and maintained for public access, including the planting of spring flowers on the old Viking embankment. Today the walls are a Scheduled Ancient Monument and a Grade 1 listed building.
[History of York]
Taken in York
Image from 'Papers relating to the Island of Nantucket, with documents relating to the original settlement of that island, Martha's Vineyard, and other islands adjacent, known as Dukes County, while under the Colony of New York. Compiled from official records, etc. F.P', 001742300
Author: HOUGH, Franklin Benjamin.
Page: 15
Year: 1856
Place: Albany
Publisher:
Following the link above will take you to the British Library's integrated catalogue. You will be able to download a PDF of the book this image is taken from, as well as view the pages up close with the 'itemViewer'. Click on the 'related items' to search for the electronic version of this work.
Image from 'A Lytell Geste of Robin Hode, with other ancient & modern ballads and songs relating to this celebrated yeoman. To which is prefixed his history and character, grounded upon other documents than those made use of by ... “Mister Ritson.” Edited by J. M. Gutch', 001726444
Author: HOOD, Robin.
Volume: 02
Page: 481
Year: 1847
Place: London
Publisher: Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans
Following the link above will take you to the British Library's integrated catalogue. You will be able to download a PDF of the book this image is taken from, as well as view the pages up close with the 'itemViewer'. Click on the 'related items' to search for the electronic version of this work.
This relates to my window installation, I researched other artists that use repeated shapes in sculpture. I particularly looked at the work of Carl Andre and Donald Judd (see next image), but this also links to Brancusi's "Cup" 1917, which denied the function.
Ministro de Justicia y Derechos Humanos, Luis Cordero se reúne con el Relator Especial de Medio Ambiente ONU
Fotos: Francisco León Puga