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In 1960, the US Army came to the realization that it had no real scout helicopter: the OH-13 Sioux could operate effectively in the role, but it was aging and its slow speed made it vulnerable to ground fire. The O-1/L-19 Birddog was a good scout aircraft, but it did not have the mobility of a helicopter. With this in mind, the Army issued a requirement for a Light Observation Helicopter (LOH). The new helicopter needed reasonably high speed, good visibility from the cockpit, and be not too expensive. Bell, Hiller and Hughes all developed prototypes; in 1965, the Army chose Hughes' Model 369 as the OH-6A Cayuse, and placed an order for 1300 helicopters.
The Army was then presented with a problem. Hughes did not have a large factory, and was run by the mercurial and unpredictable Howard Hughes: there was a real concern that Hughes could not deliver the order. Moreover, the Army learned that Hughes had deliberately undercut Bell's and Hiller's bids to win the contract, and as such was taking massive losses on the OH-6. The Army then reopened the competition, and Bell's OH-58A Kiowa won this time: the Army would use both helicopters. As for Hughes, the company would later make up the losses by marketing the OH-6 as the Model 369 and later the Model 500.
The OH-6A entered service in 1966, and was sent to Vietnam soon thereafter. Though given the name Cayuse (as part of the US Army's tradition of naming helicopters after native tribes), this name never stuck: instead, the helicopter was nicknamed Loach, after the LOH project name and its buglike appearance. Loaches were quickly armed with field modification kits to carry machine guns, and were usually paired with the also newly-arrived AH-1 Cobra as a "Pink Team." The job of the Pink Team was to scout ahead of the UH-1 "slicks" carrying troops: the OH-6 would come over at low level to see if it drew ground fire. If it did, it would then call in the AH-1s to attack the enemy position and clear the landing zone. This hunter-killer team proved very effective, if dangerous to the OH-6 crews: of 1420 OH-6s built, 842 were shot down over Vietnam.
Because of the heavy losses over Vietnam, the scout role after the war was gradually taken over by the OH-58A, which was cheaper to buy and easier to maintain. OH-6s began to be passed on to Reserve and National Guard units, but got a new lease on life after 1980: the Army still needed a small helicopter that could land in places the OH-58 or UH-1 could not. The OH-6 was the only aircraft that fit the bill, and several dozen were seconded to Task Force 158 in preparation for an operation to free the American hostages in Tehran, Iran. The hostages were freed by the Iranians themselves in 1980, but the Army recognized the need for an elite force trained in night operations, and renamed the unit Task Force 160--known to its crews as the "Nightstalkers."
TF 160 proved its worth during Operation Prime Chance, the United States' undeclared naval and air war against Iran in 1988, and the OH-6s were redesignated MH-6 (for transport OH-6s) and AH-6 (for armed versions). Nicknamed "Little Birds" by their crews, TF 160 worked closely with the elite and secretive Delta Force, most notably in the Battle of Mogadishu in 1993, where they were the only gunships available to the beleaguered Army forces in the Somalian city. The standard OH-6 has been retired from Army units, but the MH-6 and AH-6 remain in service. The Cayuse also remains operational with Spain and Japan, though in both cases it is being replaced.
Unfortunately, I can find no information about this OH-6A Cayuse on display at the Minter Field Air Museum in Shafter, California. When we visited, the museum was closed due to coronavirus restrictions, but I was able to get a picture of 69-1153 over the fence. From the museum's Facebook page, the helicopter is in excellent shape, and may still be flyable. It is on a trailer because it is often taken around the Bakersfield area to promote the museum. 69-1153 may be a Vietnam veteran; it is painted in the markings of a Loach assigned to Southeast Asia.
Our Daily Challenge: Heavenly
This was taken at the Self Realization Fellowship Meditation Gardens in Encinitas. It is a very peaceful spot that I return to often. It is beautifully situated high above the Pacific Ocean, about 25 miles north of downtown San Diego. The temple and gardens were established by swami Paramahansa Yogananda in 1937, but the temple itself was built too close to the cliff edge, and was torn down in 1942 to avoid it tumbling into the ocean. This shot is at the steps which once lead to the original temple. You can see a picture of the temple on the plague near the bottom of this image..
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Towards the end of the Korean War, the USAF came to the realization that their transport fleet was becoming obsolete. The C-46 Commandos and C-47 Skytrains in service were no longer adequate, while the C-119 Flying Boxcar was having difficulties. In 1951, the USAF issued a requirement for a new tactical transport, an aircraft that would need to carry at least 72 passengers, be capable of dropping paratroopers, and have a ramp for loading vehicles directly into the cargo compartment. Moreover, it must be a “clean sheet” design, not a conversion from an existing airliner, and the USAF preferred a turboprop design. Five companies submitted designs, and six months later the USAF chose Lockheed’s L-402 design—over the misgivings of Lockheed’s chief designer, Clarence “Kelly” Johnson, who warned that the L-402 would destroy the company. Little was Johnson to know that, fifty years later, the L-402—designated C-130 Hercules by the USAF—would still be in production, and one out of only five aircraft to have over 50 years of service with the original purchaser.
The C-130 was designed to give mostly unfettered access to a large cargo compartment—the ramp forms an integral part of the rear fuselage, the wing is mounted above the fuselage, and the landing gear is carried in sponsons attached to the fuselage itself, while the fuselage has a circular design to maximize loading potential. The high wing also gives the C-130 good lift, especially in “high and hot” situations. The Allison T56 turboprop was designed specifically for the Hercules, and has gone on to become the most successful turboprop design in history.
After two YC-130 prototypes, the Hercules went into production as the C-130A in 1956, to be superseded by the improved C-130B in 1959. In the 50 years hence, the basic C-130 design has not changed much: the C-130E introduced underwing external fuel tanks, while the C-130H has a slightly different wing. Even the new C-130J variant only introduced new engines with more fuel efficient six-bladed propellers: the basic design remains the same. Lockheed also offers stretched versions of the Hercules, initially as a civilian-only option (the L-100-30); the British Royal Air Force bought this version as the C-130K and it was later adopted by other nations, including the United States.
The basic C-130 is strictly a transport aircraft, but the versatility of the aircraft has meant it has been modified into a dizzying number of variants. Besides the United States, there are 67 other operators of C-130s, making it one of the world’s most prolific aircraft.
The “Herky Bird,” as it is often nicknamed, has participated in every military campaign fought by the United States since 1960 in one variation or the other. During Vietnam, it was used in almost every role imaginable, from standard transport to emergency bomber: as the latter, it dropped M121 10,000 pound mass-focus bombs to clear jungle away for helicopter landing zones. It was also instrumental in resupplying the Khe Sanh garrison during its three-month siege. Hercules crews paid the price as well: nearly 70 C-130s were lost during the Vietnam War. In foreign service, C-130s have also been used heavily, the most famous instance of which was likely the Israeli Entebbe Raid of 1976, one of the longest-ranged C-130 missions in history. C-130s are often in the forefront of humanitarian missions to trouble spots around the world.
As of this writing, over 2300 C-130s have been built, and most are still in service. It remains the backbone of the USAF’s tactical transport service; attempts to replace it with the Advanced Tactical Transport Program (ATTP) in the 1980s and to supplement it with the C-27J Spartan in the 2000s both failed, as the USAF realized that the only real replacement for a C-130 is another C-130.
The standard C-130H transport is represented in the Malmstrom Museum’s model collection by an aircraft belonging to the 120th Fighter Wing (Montana Air National Guard), based at Great Falls International Airport. This aircraft was initially assigned to the 120th FW in 1988 as a support aircraft for the wing’s F-16A(ADF) Fighting Falcons, but only remained with the unit for about a year as it was deemed unnecessary. It is camouflaged in the standard C-130 scheme of the time, Europe Two, with overall two shades of green and gray. It also carries the 120th’s distinctive buffalo-skull-and-mountains motif on the tail, identical to that carried by the F-16s at the time. Ironically, the 120th FW would reequip with C-130s in 2014 to become the 120th Airlift Wing.
The realization of a sculpture designed by Leonardo Da Vinci but never created. This copy was sculpted by Nina Akamu. Random tourist for scale.
As planned by Leonardo, the bronze horse is 24 feet (7.3 metres) tall.
A digital painting. View large for best realization of technique and details. Image is designed to be commercially reproduced in wall-size dimensions. The FX do not translate all that well in any small format.
Check out my Digital Painting Set for the complete array.
Strong possibilities for fabric design (including bedding and sleepwear), wall covering design, paper design, or even lighting shade design?! There may be other commercial potential, too, in products demanding degrees of matching/coordinating elements.
This picture was taken about 2 years ago!
It's so crazy too, cause I remember exactly what was going
on in my life at that time!!!
It really makes me realize how thankful
I am to have the certain ppl I have in my life now!!
...somewhere along the line i've turned into my grandpa. How did this occur? i'm not ready to grow up yet...
SOTD: Jump Then Fall - Taylor Swift
"I like the way your hair in your face, you got the keys to me, I love each freckle on your face. Oh I've never been so wrapped up, honey. I like the way you're everything I ever wanted. I had time to think over and I can say is come closer."
of one's own potential and self-confidence in one's ability,
one can build a better world.
Dalai Lama
Maletto is on the western side of the Etna to 960 M of altitude. Human settlings, around the actual Maletto, they were had until from the first millennium before Christ. There lived the Siculs, then arrived Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and Arabs, Normans and Swabians. To one of these last, the Manfredi Maletta count, is owed the origin of Maletto. In the 1263, this one did raise on the fortress a strengthened tower, said Castle, about which s picked up a first nucleus of inhabitants. The construction of the actual historical centre was started at the end of XV century, when the districts that are today around the Castle were built. The construction then continued in the first years of the following century with the realization of the baronial palace of the Spatafora and the attached Saint Michael Archangel church, l et alone of stores and of an open gallery, of an inn and of a warehouse. It was however starting from the 1619, when Maletto the king of Spain recognized the title of principality, that the area is developed mostly, assuming the definitive aspect kept to our days. Maletto is the most elevated town of the Etna and of the province of Catania and it reverts nearly for whole in the park of the Etna.The production of the strawberries has made famous Maletto in the world.
Maletto è un comune italiano di 4.029 abitanti della provincia di Catania in Sicilia.Le origini del piccolo comune etneo risalgono al 1263. Esso nacque per interesse di Manfredi di Maletta, parente dell'imperatore Federico I, che edificò su uno sperone roccioso un castello, di cui ancora si conservano i ruderi. Il piccolo borgo fu abbandonato e decadde. L'attuale agglomerato urbano, è frutto della ricostruzione avviata nel 1440, ad opera del principe Spadafora.Ogni anno, nel mese di giugno, Maletto diventa la città delle fragole, richiamando centinaia di turisti e di visitatori. Nel corso della Sagra, le maestranze locali realizzano una gigantesca torta alla fragola di oltre mille chili, che viene offerta a tutti i partecipanti. Durante la manifestazione vengono esposti in appositi stand le fragole in piantine e in cassette e sono offerte come assaggio gratuito ai visitatori. Il frutto matura tra i primi di maggio e la fine di giugno e nell'ambito della sagra sono esposti diversi tipi di fragole: la fragolina di pasticceria, la fragola "rifiorente", che matura da gennaio a dicembre, e la fragola tradizionale, dal sapore più dolce e dall'odore più profumato. La sagra dura tre giorni e si svolge di solito dal venerdì alla domenica.
Mount Etna (Aetna in Latin, also known as Muncibeddu in Sicilian and Mongibello in Italian, a combination of Latin mons and Arabic gibel, both meaning mountain) is an active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, close to Messina and Catania. Its Arabic name was Jebel Utlamat (the Mountain of Fire).Volcanic activity at Etna began about half a million years ago, with eruptions occurring beneath the sea off the coastline of Sicily. 300,000 years ago, volcanism began occurring to the southwest of the present-day summit, before activity moved towards the present centre 170,000 years ago. Eruptions at this time built up the first major volcanic edifice, forming a strato-volcano in alternating explosive and effusive eruptions. The growth of the mountain was occasionally interrupted by major eruptions leading to the collapse of the summit to form calderas.From about 35,000 to 15,000 years ago, Etna experienced some highly explosive eruptions, generating large pyroclastic flows which left extensive ignimbrite deposits. Ash from these eruptions has been found as far away as Rome, 800 km to the north.Sicily's greatest natural attraction is also its highest mountain: Mount Etna, at 10,924 feet, is the most active volcano in Europe and the oldest recorded active volcano in the world.Mount Etna is an active volcano on the east coast of Sicily, close to Messina and Catania. It is the largest active volcano in Europe, currently standing about 3329.6 m (10,924 feet)high, though it should be noted that this varies with summit eruptions; the mountain is 21.6 m (71 ft) lower now than it was in 1865. It is the highest mountain in Italy south of the Alps. Etna covers an area of 1,190 km² (460 square miles) with a basal circumference of 140 km.The fertile volcanic soils support extensive agriculture, with vineyards and orchards spread across the lower slopes of the mountain and the broad Plain of Catania to the south. Due to its history of recent activity and nearby population, Mount Etna has been designated a Decade Volcano by the United Nations.Etna lava stone is a material with unique characteristics: durable, indestructible, resistant to changes in the temperature (it’s a heat conductor), it offers infinite possibilities of uses: flooring, urban furniture, interior design.After the glazing process the product doesn’t get stained, resists to acids and doesn’t require particular maintenance: that’s why lava stone is the ideal material even to make kitchens and bathrooms countertops. The natural stone tends to grey, with the glazing process we can obtain any desired colour. Shapes, sizes and decorations can be customized . The lava stone it is formed by the solidification of cooled magma on the surface of the Etna volcano, in Sicily
L'Etna è un vulcano attivo che si trova sulla costa orientale della Sicilia (Italia), tra Catania e Messina. È il vulcano attivo più alto del continente europeo e uno dei maggiori al mondo. La sua altezza varia nel tempo a causa delle sue eruzioni, ma si aggira attualmente sui 3329.6 m (10,924 feet) s.l.m. Il suo diametro è di circa 45 chilometri.Un tempo era noto anche come Mongibello.In genere le eruzioni dell'Etna pur fortemente distruttive delle cose, non lo sono per le persone se si eccettuano i casi fortuiti o di palese imprudenza come quello dell'improvvisa esplosione di massi del 1979 che uccise nove turisti e ne ferì una decina di altri avventuratisi fino al cratere appena spento. L'Etna è un tipico strato-vulcano che iniziò la sua attività, tra 500 e 700 mila anni fa. La sua lava di tipo basaltico è povera in silice, è molto calda, densa e fluida. Per queste ragioni le eruzioni sono tranquille ed il percorso delle lave prevedibile. La velocità di scorrimento è superiore a quella delle lave acide, più ricche in silice e più viscose e leggere.La lavorazione della pietra lavica, derivante dall’industria estrattiva delle vicine cave dell'Etna, per scopi ornamentali o per materiali da costruzione, diede da vivere a molte famiglie siciliane.I "pirriaturi", anticamente, estraevano lungo i costoni dell'Etna solo strati superficiali di lava perché più porosi e più facilmente lavorabili con arnesi quali la subbia, lo scalpello, la mazzola e il martello. Sul materiale estratto interveniva lo spaccapietre che ricavava lastre di pietra, infine lo scalpellino rifiniva il materiale. Uno degli usi prevalenti cui era destinata la pietra lavica era la pavimentazione delle strade urbane