23/365 So some guy just told me that I couldn't take pictures in this area, So I had to stop there but be fore he could stop me I already took this one.

Note to self: try without the shoes.

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Print Description

1911 postmarked postcard view of Randolph Street in Garrett, Indiana. This view was looking south from the Quincy Street intersection. Some of the buildings in this view are shown in the 1901 Sanborn™ fire insurance map set for Garrett while other buildings in this view replaced older (mostly wood frame) buildings that are shown in that map set. Horse-drawn buggies and wagons were the sole mode of vehicular transportation portrayed in this scene. There were no automobiles in sight. The pedestrians, including two young girls, were wearing their winter coats.

The first three lots on the southeast corner of the intersection were vacant when the 1901 map set was published. In this scene, the first two of those lots were occupied by a building with a GARAGE sign, but the third lot was still vacant. The 1901 map set shows a saloon in the building on the fourth lot south of Quincy Street. This building had some artistic advertising painted on the side when this photograph was taken. The painter’s name or company name was painted at the bottom of the wall. M. D. McCONARY? Next door, the small wood frame building was a barbershop in 1901. In this scene a barber’s pole is mostly hidden by the parked wagon. The map set shows a two-story wood frame building occupied by the City Hotel. That building appears to have been replaced by a two-story brick structure. The LEM. ON LAUNDRY sign is on a building that was a lunch room in 1901. The next two brick buildings are in the map set. The first was a cigar store and the second was a grocery. The map set shows three small single-story wood frame buildings south of that grocery. However, only two of those buildings are visible in this scene. The COVERDALE RESTAURANT sign was on the first building and advertised SHORT ORDERS A SPECIALTY. A restaurant was in that building in 1901 as well. A jeweler’s trade symbol (an oversized pocket watch) was hanging from the second of the two visible buildings. However, the map set shows a barbershop and then an unidentified office south of the restaurant. In this scene, a gasoline pump was standing on the sidewalk in that vicinity, but It’s unclear which business it was associated with.

In 1901, there were no two-story brick buildings in that block on the east side of Randolph Street south of King Street. In this scene, the sign on the two-story building advertised __D CLARK DRUGS, PAINTS, OILS & WALL PAPER. A 1905 directory of druggists¹ listed O. F. Clark as one of four druggists in Garrett. A similar 1912 directory² listed the Clark & Smith business in Garrett. The 1910 census listed a Garrett druggist whose name appears to be Orelin F. Clark. The bottom line of the sign advertised ACME STOCK FOOD. It was cattle feed, and was produced in Chicago by the Acme Food Co. Nearby, another barber’s pole stood at the curb. In 1901, a barbershop occupied one of the small single-story wood frame buildings in that area.

The KEYSER sign appears to be on the large three-story building that was located on the southeast corner at Keyser Street. The 1901 map set shows a three-story brick building on that corner occupied by the Ross Hotel.

On the west side of the street, several signs were located in the vicinity of the King Street intersection. They included HALTER’S PHARMACY. This was A. F. Halter. The 1901 map set shows a drugstore on the fourth lot south of King Street. Another sign advertised J. S. PATTERSON DRUGGIST. This business sign may be on the northwest corner at King Street, but the map set shows a toy store at that location. Both of these druggists were listed as Garrett druggists in the 1905 directory. The sign advertising BOSTON CLOTHING AND SHOE STORE appears to be on the second building north of King Street. The map set shows a furniture store in the south half of that building and a dry goods business in the north half.

The J. L. GEHRUM TAILORS sign was hanging from a small single-story wood frame building. The map set shows a tailor and a barber in just such a small wood frame building sandwiched between two-story brick buildings. A barber’s pole at that location was mostly hidden by one of the horses. A small sign below the tailors’ sign (and above the horse’s head) advertised _____ _____ DENTIST. However, that sign was hanging on the next building south.

According to the map set, the two-story brick building north of the tailoring business was occupied by a hardware store. The gasoline pump (visible above the nearest horse) and other items in the two adjacent vacant lots were probably associated with the hardware store.

North of the vacant lots (they weren’t vacant in 1901), the F. O. E. sign identified the Fraternal Order of Eagles hall. The map set shows simply a “club” on the second floor of that third building south of Quincy Street. The map set shows the Masonic Hall on the third floor. Next door to the north was the Wagner Opera House. According to the 1901 map set, the opera house was on the second floor. On the main level, a clothing store occupied the south side of the building and a restaurant occupied the north side. The opera house entrance was in the center between the two businesses. One window next to the restaurant entrance advertised THE GAS ____.

The business on the southwest corner at Quincy Street was a saloon in 1901. The painted sign on the window at the right edge of this scene was cut off, but may advertise a LUNCH ROOM.

1. The Era Druggists Directory, Eleventh Edition (New York, NY: D. O. Haynes & Co., 1905). Available online at books.google.com/books?id=bantAAAAMAAJ&printsec=front....

2. Ezra J. Kennedy, ed. The Pharmaceutical Era, Volume 39 (New York, NY: D. O. Haynes & Co., 1912). Available online at books.google.com/books?id=-MDmAAAAMAAJ&printsec=front....

Copyright 2009-2015 by Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This image is part of a creative package that includes the associated text, geodata and/or other information. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.

2024 Recollections

年初完成了費時最久的生肖作品-龍自在

參加了pockyland舉辦的2024台北積木藝術節

後續協助 LEGO 家點樂高風~好友書擋-復古收音機

很開心兩個作品也進攝影棚拍攝

接續協助 LEGO 樂高星際探險樂高星際探險-變土龍

結合環保概念~廢棄土壤洗鍊後，轉換成有機土壤

還參加了Japan Brickfest 2024 -Kobe Fan Weekend

暑假第三次製作愛犬阿豆姆咬網球的作品-Fetch

與可愛的紅熊貓-Sleep is my super power

很榮幸的獲獎~也可以再次將作品放置 LEGO House 展出

也很高興被 玩具人 TOY PEOPLE 評為樂高MOC創作達人

參加了 Brickway樂高迷同樂會 聚會，也再次見到 Beyond the Brick

受 POCKYLAND 樂高LEGO同好會 邀請到 BRICK PAPA 與大師有約講座

這幾年的作品數量減少許多

但，每個作品都是最精心製作完成的

期待2025又能做出滿意的作品

#生肖蛇奮戰中 #黃金獵犬沒入選好桑心

撮影した画像ファイルを整理しながら『これは公開しよう♪』と思いつつも忘れてしまう事がある。

実はこの写真もそんな１枚。『ダンシャリ』では無いが、もっと大胆に整理していかないと…

PENTAX K-x

MAMIYA SEKOR 50mm F=2（M42）

I wandered through this grave yard which surrounded a small stone church, in the mist.

LLWYNYPIA COLLIERY, LLWYNYPIA, RHONDDA.

Any recollection of this colliery and its workforce is inseparable from the name of Archibald Hood, a Scotsman who bestrode mid-Rhondda and elsewhere as a colossus of the mining world, and beyond that distinction too. A brief summary of this man’s career –where to do justice, a volume is needed – is that in 1860, when he arrived in Wales from Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, he was merely thirty-seven, but in a brief twenty-five of those years in Scotland, he achieved more than most men of that time would achieve in a lifetime, becoming a qualified mining engineer and coal-owner, genuinely highly-respected in both spheres by his mining peers and workforce. His interest and concern in the latter extended beyond their daily duties, with the provision of good accommodation complete with gardens for food production, and also encouraging their purchase of domestic needs from co-operative initiatives. But, as illustrious as he was in Scotland, he would, over the next forty-two years in Wales, carve a second career that would overtake his first.

Hood’s first Welsh mining involvement was at Tylcha Fach Level in Coed Ely, which exploited the thin bituminous Ty Du seam of less than a yard thickness. The colliery was owned by the Ely Valley Coal Company, and its office and winding-engine house are still in existence, modified into three residences, sitting above Tylcha Fach Estate, an elevated, relatively-new housing development which sits on the valley-side opposite the former Coedely Colliery. He had arrived there in 1860, commissioned by Messrs. Campbell and Mitchell-Innes to determine if a proposed investment in small mines in the area would be profitable, but in an interim period and inexplicably not seeking Hood’s advice, Campbell and Mitchell-Innes were persuaded, unwisely, to buy the level. Although Hood later joined them there, his thoughts were focussed on deep mining at Llwynypia, and when the Ely Valley Coal Company was liquidated, he, Campbell and Mitchell-Inness formed the new Glamorgan Coal Company and began shaft sinkings at Llwynypia Colliery. Eventually, under Hood’s leadership two more deep mines were established at Penrhiwfer and Gilfach Goch.

Evidence of the beginning of Llwynypia Colliery, dated February 27th,1861, is shown on page four (pages 1-3 missing) of Glamorgan Coal Company’s Cash Book, which over the following twenty-eight days showed directors’ cash injections of £3,600, including £300 by Archibald Hood. It provides early-years evidence that though Hood was undoubtedly the driving force at Llwynypia, his periodical purchase of company shares was always much less than his fellow directors! A search for this colliery through officially-recognised sources will be unsuccessful if ‘Glamorgan’ or ‘Scotch’ is used as a search-word, for the correct name is ‘Llwynypia’, which broadly translates as ‘Magpies Grove’. However, for good reason, ‘Glamorgan’ and ‘Scotch’ soon became every-day alternatives, and they are unquestioned and accepted to this day – but why did they originate? Imagine, you are a Scot, beginning work as a miner in a very sparsely populated area, where the native language is predominantly Welsh, a tongue completely foreign to you. Inevitably, at some time, you will be asked your place of residence or employment: do you invite ridicule, by attempting to pronounce ‘Llwynypia’, or do you use your wits, replying with the easily-pronounced ‘Scotch’, a reference to the colliery’s predominantly Scottish workforce imported by Archibald Hood – or the equally easy ‘Glamorgan’, the name of the company owning the colliery?

To accommodate his workforce, Hood found it necessary to build, and eventually, 271 homes were constructed in fifteen terraces adjacent to, and overlooking the colliery, of which 256 are still in occupied existence, together with several impressive managers’ residences built in the proximity of the colliery. More dwellings were built near his Penrhiwfer and Gilfach Goch mines, and to this day, in all three villages, there remain references to the Glamorgan Coal Company, Hood’s nationality, and Scottish landmarks. Sherwood (several), Gilmour, Anderson, Thistle, St. Andrew, Ayton, Campbell, Argyll, Grange, Holyrood, Rosedale, Bruce (Penrhiwfer), Scotch and Dundonnell (both at Gilfach Goch), all are overtly Scottish-influenced place-names, but there were acknowledgements to Wales, with Cambrian, Glamorgan, Llewelyn, Glandwr, Llwynypia, Glyncornel, Iscoed, etc. Missing from all these is a landmark dubbed ‘Hood’ by Hood himself, and perhaps this remarkable, extraordinary man knew there was no need for self-acclaim, for in his modest way he probably realized that his achievements in South Wales would render that self-perpetuation superfluous.

There were six vertical shafts and two levels at Llwynypia. On the Llwynypia side of the River Rhondda Fawr were shafts 1, 2, 3 and 4. Nos 1, and 2 shafts were sunk to exploit the shallow Nos. 2 and 3 Rhondda seams but were eventually deepened to exploit the steam coals in the deeper seams; No. 3 shaft worked the shallow seams too, but, whilst reportedly sunk to also exploit the lower seams, it closed in 1908. The coal in the Nos. 2 and 3 Rhondda seams was bituminous, used as a domestic fuel and also as the basic element in coke production, fuelling the 281 ovens at Llwynypia and Gilfach Goch collieries, where an impressive 1,400 tons was produced weekly. Additionally important, at the floor of these seams was fireclay, a mineral consisting of the roots of dead plants, extracted along with the coal, the decayed vegetation above the plant-roots, both having undergone change, metamorphosis, through heat and deep burial over millions of years. This clay was a valuable by-product, an essential constituent of the 10,000 or so bricks made daily by women in the colliery’s above-ground brick-making plant.

The three shafts (1, 2 and 3) were sunk in a line, parallel to and near the Taff Vale Railway, their extremes contained within an incredible 35.33 yards. No. 4 shaft did not conduct minerals, it was sunk purely to accommodate water pumped from the whole of the colliery’s workings, and its former location is today bordered by a fast-food outlet adjacent to Llwynypia Road. When the colliery ceased production in 1945, the yard remained in use as a rescue-station and central workshop, and the shaft remained open at the No. 3 Rhondda seam, 108 yards level, for water-pumping only until 1966, when total colliery closure took place. The writer recalls, during the mid-1960s, many times travelling to his ventilation duties there, in a very small, single-deck cage, the only one that could be accommodated in this extremely narrow shaft. No. 5 shaft, on the Trealaw side of the river, did not conduct minerals, it was sunk purely to conduct the whole of the colliery’s stale air to the surface, but at times through the colliery’s life this function was fulfilled by other shafts, including No. 6, when No. 5 closed. No. 6 shaft, close to the Collier’s Arms at Ynyscynon Road, was sunk to exploit the deep, steam coals.

In descending order, the seams worked at Llwynypia Colliery were: No. 1 Rhondda (only at an inconsequential, almost mountaintop level, see below); No. 2 Rhondda; No. 3 Rhondda; Pentre; Two Feet Nine Inches; Lower Six Feet; Upper Nine Feet (Red Vein): Lower Nine Feet and Bute; Bute; Five Feet; Lower Five Feet. The Lower Five Feet was the deepest-worked seam and was found at 517 yards in the 525 yards deep No. 1 shaft. The two levels were established on the Trealaw side of the river, with the highly-productive Sherwood Level, whose entrance was adjacent to No. 5 shaft, shallowly traversing under Ynyscynon Nursery as it commenced its 950 yard journey into Rhondda Fach, extracting the No. 2 Rhondda seam. It was opened in 1905, in anticipation of the closure of No. 3 shaft, thereby maintaining the essential supply of bituminous coal and fireclay for the production of coke and bricks, but it closed in 1923 when those reserves were exhausted. That year also saw the closure of Llwynypia Colliery Mountain Level, situated high on the Trealaw mountainside; it was a largely-exploratory, short-lived venture into the No. 1 Rhondda seam for its much-sought bituminous coal and fireclay, but one which was of limited presence due to glacial action and erosion by the elements. Reliable and complete manpower and production figures for Llwynypia are not available, but the colliery was certainly prolific in both, with 4,200 employees in 1902, and 700,000 tons output in 1923 being quoted, although the latter figure, is much lower than the widely-held figure of one million tons per annum.

Archibald Hood was that rarity, a truly-respected coal-owner. He was canny and conservative but also a humanitarian, and at Llwynypia, as in Scotland, he sought to beneficially influence the lives of his workmen and their families. Whereas D. A Thomas, Chairman of Cambrian Collieries Ltd, injected nothing into the Clydach Valley communities, Hood’s hand was everywhere in Llwynypia, manifested by the provision of schools, St. Andrews Church, a Miners Institute, complete with library and billiards tables — a swimming pool, tennis courts, cricket, football and rugby fields, and even the winter-time provision of a large, outdoor ice-skating area! He encouraged his workforce to grow food by providing large garden areas at the fronts of their dwellings, simultaneously seeking to divert the male occupants from alcohol, an imperative, given the volatile temperaments of the Welsh, Scots, and the Irish that later inhabited the community! He was known for his attention to detail, often involved in matters which his minions might have been expected to supervise – the writer’s grandmother lost an arm at Llwynypia when sixteen in 1893, amputated when caught in brick-making machinery, and Hood, then seventy, personally attended the matter, obtaining a job for the one-armed girl at the Tonypandy ironmongery of John Cox – Hood, probably not needing to remind Cox of Glamorgan Coal Company’s patronage!

When he died, aged 79, in 1902, a fund was established to erect a statue, the first in Rhondda, and this likeness, with an arm horizontal, pointing to his colliery, stands to this day, overlooking Llwynypia Road. Such was the respect of his workmen that the fund was heavily over-subscribed, with the surplus being used to provide a gas-lit statue and animal drinking-trough, now modified and situated near Tonypandy Library, removed from its original site at Tonypandy Square. Six years after his death, Llwynypia Colliery was taken under the control of D. A. Thomas’s Cambrian Collieries Ltd, of whom Leonard Llewelyn was General Manager. Today, it is known that Llewelyn was a liar, impostor and opportunist, but when he and Llwynypia Colliery became newspaper headlines in the Tonypandy Coal Strike and the associated rioting of 1910-11, he excelled in concealing and distorting the truth, by manipulating Establishment-based newspapers, the only information source of those times. To expose Llewelyn, one needed mining experience and a source of publication, both possessed by, and available to the writer, but not so in the latter-essential to miners in the 1910-11 period. So, critically, the untruths in those newspapers passed unchallenged, and became immediate history, creating false perceptions of events that deceived many historians and others to the present day. Llewelyn’s lies would not have sat well with Hood, and one wonders, when at the peak of his powers, would he have vetoed the Cambrian purchase of Llwynypia? Had it been possible to configure that time-span, he might have prevented the immense suffering that occurred in mid-Rhondda in 1910-11.

LLWYNYPIA COLLIERY, LLWYNYPIA, RHONDDA.

Any recollection of this colliery and its workforce is inseparable from the name of Archibald Hood, a Scotsman who bestrode mid-Rhondda and elsewhere as a colossus of the mining world, and beyond that distinction too. A brief summary of this man’s career –where to do justice, a volume is needed – is that in 1860, when he arrived in Wales from Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, he was merely thirty-seven, but in a brief twenty-five of those years in Scotland, he achieved more than most men of that time would achieve in a lifetime, becoming a qualified mining engineer and coal-owner, genuinely highly-respected in both spheres by his mining peers and workforce. His interest and concern in the latter extended beyond their daily duties, with the provision of good accommodation complete with gardens for food production, and also encouraging their purchase of domestic needs from co-operative initiatives. But, as illustrious as he was in Scotland, he would, over the next forty-two years in Wales, carve a second career that would overtake his first.

Hood’s first Welsh mining involvement was at Tylcha Fach Level in Coed Ely, which exploited the thin bituminous Ty Du seam of less than a yard thickness. The colliery was owned by the Ely Valley Coal Company, and its office and winding-engine house are still in existence, modified into three residences, sitting above Tylcha Fach Estate, an elevated, relatively-new housing development which sits on the valley-side opposite the former Coedely Colliery. He had arrived there in 1860, commissioned by Messrs. Campbell and Mitchell-Innes to determine if a proposed investment in small mines in the area would be profitable, but in an interim period and inexplicably not seeking Hood’s advice, Campbell and Mitchell-Innes were persuaded, unwisely, to buy the level. Although Hood later joined them there, his thoughts were focussed on deep mining at Llwynypia, and when the Ely Valley Coal Company was liquidated, he, Campbell and Mitchell-Inness formed the new Glamorgan Coal Company and began shaft sinkings at Llwynypia Colliery. Eventually, under Hood’s leadership two more deep mines were established at Penrhiwfer and Gilfach Goch.

Evidence of the beginning of Llwynypia Colliery, dated February 27th,1861, is shown on page four (pages 1-3 missing) of Glamorgan Coal Company’s Cash Book, which over the following twenty-eight days showed directors’ cash injections of £3,600, including £300 by Archibald Hood. It provides early-years evidence that though Hood was undoubtedly the driving force at Llwynypia, his periodical purchase of company shares was always much less than his fellow directors! A search for this colliery through officially-recognised sources will be unsuccessful if ‘Glamorgan’ or ‘Scotch’ is used as a search-word, for the correct name is ‘Llwynypia’, which broadly translates as ‘Magpies Grove’. However, for good reason, ‘Glamorgan’ and ‘Scotch’ soon became every-day alternatives, and they are unquestioned and accepted to this day – but why did they originate? Imagine, you are a Scot, beginning work as a miner in a very sparsely populated area, where the native language is predominantly Welsh, a tongue completely foreign to you. Inevitably, at some time, you will be asked your place of residence or employment: do you invite ridicule, by attempting to pronounce ‘Llwynypia’, or do you use your wits, replying with the easily-pronounced ‘Scotch’, a reference to the colliery’s predominantly Scottish workforce imported by Archibald Hood – or the equally easy ‘Glamorgan’, the name of the company owning the colliery?

To accommodate his workforce, Hood found it necessary to build, and eventually, 271 homes were constructed in fifteen terraces adjacent to, and overlooking the colliery, of which 256 are still in occupied existence, together with several impressive managers’ residences built in the proximity of the colliery. More dwellings were built near his Penrhiwfer and Gilfach Goch mines, and to this day, in all three villages, there remain references to the Glamorgan Coal Company, Hood’s nationality, and Scottish landmarks. Sherwood (several), Gilmour, Anderson, Thistle, St. Andrew, Ayton, Campbell, Argyll, Grange, Holyrood, Rosedale, Bruce (Penrhiwfer), Scotch and Dundonnell (both at Gilfach Goch), all are overtly Scottish-influenced place-names, but there were acknowledgements to Wales, with Cambrian, Glamorgan, Llewelyn, Glandwr, Llwynypia, Glyncornel, Iscoed, etc. Missing from all these is a landmark dubbed ‘Hood’ by Hood himself, and perhaps this remarkable, extraordinary man knew there was no need for self-acclaim, for in his modest way he probably realized that his achievements in South Wales would render that self-perpetuation superfluous.

There were six vertical shafts and two levels at Llwynypia. On the Llwynypia side of the River Rhondda Fawr were shafts 1, 2, 3 and 4. Nos 1, and 2 shafts were sunk to exploit the shallow Nos. 2 and 3 Rhondda seams but were eventually deepened to exploit the steam coals in the deeper seams; No. 3 shaft worked the shallow seams too, but, whilst reportedly sunk to also exploit the lower seams, it closed in 1908. The coal in the Nos. 2 and 3 Rhondda seams was bituminous, used as a domestic fuel and also as the basic element in coke production, fuelling the 281 ovens at Llwynypia and Gilfach Goch collieries, where an impressive 1,400 tons was produced weekly. Additionally important, at the floor of these seams was fireclay, a mineral consisting of the roots of dead plants, extracted along with the coal, the decayed vegetation above the plant-roots, both having undergone change, metamorphosis, through heat and deep burial over millions of years. This clay was a valuable by-product, an essential constituent of the 10,000 or so bricks made daily by women in the colliery’s above-ground brick-making plant.

The three shafts (1, 2 and 3) were sunk in a line, parallel to and near the Taff Vale Railway, their extremes contained within an incredible 35.33 yards. No. 4 shaft did not conduct minerals, it was sunk purely to accommodate water pumped from the whole of the colliery’s workings, and its former location is today bordered by a fast-food outlet adjacent to Llwynypia Road. When the colliery ceased production in 1945, the yard remained in use as a rescue-station and central workshop, and the shaft remained open at the No. 3 Rhondda seam, 108 yards level, for water-pumping only until 1966, when total colliery closure took place. The writer recalls, during the mid-1960s, many times travelling to his ventilation duties there, in a very small, single-deck cage, the only one that could be accommodated in this extremely narrow shaft. No. 5 shaft, on the Trealaw side of the river, did not conduct minerals, it was sunk purely to conduct the whole of the colliery’s stale air to the surface, but at times through the colliery’s life this function was fulfilled by other shafts, including No. 6, when No. 5 closed. No. 6 shaft, close to the Collier’s Arms at Ynyscynon Road, was sunk to exploit the deep, steam coals.

In descending order, the seams worked at Llwynypia Colliery were: No. 1 Rhondda (only at an inconsequential, almost mountaintop level, see below); No. 2 Rhondda; No. 3 Rhondda; Pentre; Two Feet Nine Inches; Lower Six Feet; Upper Nine Feet (Red Vein): Lower Nine Feet and Bute; Bute; Five Feet; Lower Five Feet. The Lower Five Feet was the deepest-worked seam and was found at 517 yards in the 525 yards deep No. 1 shaft. The two levels were established on the Trealaw side of the river, with the highly-productive Sherwood Level, whose entrance was adjacent to No. 5 shaft, shallowly traversing under Ynyscynon Nursery as it commenced its 950 yard journey into Rhondda Fach, extracting the No. 2 Rhondda seam. It was opened in 1905, in anticipation of the closure of No. 3 shaft, thereby maintaining the essential supply of bituminous coal and fireclay for the production of coke and bricks, but it closed in 1923 when those reserves were exhausted. That year also saw the closure of Llwynypia Colliery Mountain Level, situated high on the Trealaw mountainside; it was a largely-exploratory, short-lived venture into the No. 1 Rhondda seam for its much-sought bituminous coal and fireclay, but one which was of limited presence due to glacial action and erosion by the elements. Reliable and complete manpower and production figures for Llwynypia are not available, but the colliery was certainly prolific in both, with 4,200 employees in 1902, and 700,000 tons output in 1923 being quoted, although the latter figure, is much lower than the widely-held figure of one million tons per annum.

Archibald Hood was that rarity, a truly-respected coal-owner. He was canny and conservative but also a humanitarian, and at Llwynypia, as in Scotland, he sought to beneficially influence the lives of his workmen and their families. Whereas D. A Thomas, Chairman of Cambrian Collieries Ltd, injected nothing into the Clydach Valley communities, Hood’s hand was everywhere in Llwynypia, manifested by the provision of schools, St. Andrews Church, a Miners Institute, complete with library and billiards tables — a swimming pool, tennis courts, cricket, football and rugby fields, and even the winter-time provision of a large, outdoor ice-skating area! He encouraged his workforce to grow food by providing large garden areas at the fronts of their dwellings, simultaneously seeking to divert the male occupants from alcohol, an imperative, given the volatile temperaments of the Welsh, Scots, and the Irish that later inhabited the community! He was known for his attention to detail, often involved in matters which his minions might have been expected to supervise – the writer’s grandmother lost an arm at Llwynypia when sixteen in 1893, amputated when caught in brick-making machinery, and Hood, then seventy, personally attended the matter, obtaining a job for the one-armed girl at the Tonypandy ironmongery of John Cox – Hood, probably not needing to remind Cox of Glamorgan Coal Company’s patronage!

When he died, aged 79, in 1902, a fund was established to erect a statue, the first in Rhondda, and this likeness, with an arm horizontal, pointing to his colliery, stands to this day, overlooking Llwynypia Road. Such was the respect of his workmen that the fund was heavily over-subscribed, with the surplus being used to provide a gas-lit statue and animal drinking-trough, now modified and situated near Tonypandy Library, removed from its original site at Tonypandy Square. Six years after his death, Llwynypia Colliery was taken under the control of D. A. Thomas’s Cambrian Collieries Ltd, of whom Leonard Llewelyn was General Manager. Today, it is known that Llewelyn was a liar, impostor and opportunist, but when he and Llwynypia Colliery became newspaper headlines in the Tonypandy Coal Strike and the associated rioting of 1910-11, he excelled in concealing and distorting the truth, by manipulating Establishment-based newspapers, the only information source of those times. To expose Llewelyn, one needed mining experience and a source of publication, both possessed by, and available to the writer, but not so in the latter-essential to miners in the 1910-11 period. So, critically, the untruths in those newspapers passed unchallenged, and became immediate history, creating false perceptions of events that deceived many historians and others to the present day. Llewelyn’s lies would not have sat well with Hood, and one wonders, when at the peak of his powers, would he have vetoed the Cambrian purchase of Llwynypia? Had it been possible to configure that time-span, he might have prevented the immense suffering that occurred in mid-Rhondda in 1910-11.

Titus, Lisa, and Michael Hall. Recollections of a Twentieth-Century Odalisque. New York, N.Y.: L. Titus, 1997.

See MCAD Library's catalog record for this book.

intranet.mcad.edu/library

LLWYNYPIA COLLIERY, LLWYNYPIA, RHONDDA.

Any recollection of this colliery and its workforce is inseparable from the name of Archibald Hood, a Scotsman who bestrode mid-Rhondda and elsewhere as a colossus of the mining world, and beyond that distinction too. A brief summary of this man’s career –where to do justice, a volume is needed – is that in 1860, when he arrived in Wales from Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, he was merely thirty-seven, but in a brief twenty-five of those years in Scotland, he achieved more than most men of that time would achieve in a lifetime, becoming a qualified mining engineer and coal-owner, genuinely highly-respected in both spheres by his mining peers and workforce. His interest and concern in the latter extended beyond their daily duties, with the provision of good accommodation complete with gardens for food production, and also encouraging their purchase of domestic needs from co-operative initiatives. But, as illustrious as he was in Scotland, he would, over the next forty-two years in Wales, carve a second career that would overtake his first.

Hood’s first Welsh mining involvement was at Tylcha Fach Level in Coed Ely, which exploited the thin bituminous Ty Du seam of less than a yard thickness. The colliery was owned by the Ely Valley Coal Company, and its office and winding-engine house are still in existence, modified into three residences, sitting above Tylcha Fach Estate, an elevated, relatively-new housing development which sits on the valley-side opposite the former Coedely Colliery. He had arrived there in 1860, commissioned by Messrs. Campbell and Mitchell-Innes to determine if a proposed investment in small mines in the area would be profitable, but in an interim period and inexplicably not seeking Hood’s advice, Campbell and Mitchell-Innes were persuaded, unwisely, to buy the level. Although Hood later joined them there, his thoughts were focussed on deep mining at Llwynypia, and when the Ely Valley Coal Company was liquidated, he, Campbell and Mitchell-Inness formed the new Glamorgan Coal Company and began shaft sinkings at Llwynypia Colliery. Eventually, under Hood’s leadership two more deep mines were established at Penrhiwfer and Gilfach Goch.

Evidence of the beginning of Llwynypia Colliery, dated February 27th,1861, is shown on page four (pages 1-3 missing) of Glamorgan Coal Company’s Cash Book, which over the following twenty-eight days showed directors’ cash injections of £3,600, including £300 by Archibald Hood. It provides early-years evidence that though Hood was undoubtedly the driving force at Llwynypia, his periodical purchase of company shares was always much less than his fellow directors! A search for this colliery through officially-recognised sources will be unsuccessful if ‘Glamorgan’ or ‘Scotch’ is used as a search-word, for the correct name is ‘Llwynypia’, which broadly translates as ‘Magpies Grove’. However, for good reason, ‘Glamorgan’ and ‘Scotch’ soon became every-day alternatives, and they are unquestioned and accepted to this day – but why did they originate? Imagine, you are a Scot, beginning work as a miner in a very sparsely populated area, where the native language is predominantly Welsh, a tongue completely foreign to you. Inevitably, at some time, you will be asked your place of residence or employment: do you invite ridicule, by attempting to pronounce ‘Llwynypia’, or do you use your wits, replying with the easily-pronounced ‘Scotch’, a reference to the colliery’s predominantly Scottish workforce imported by Archibald Hood – or the equally easy ‘Glamorgan’, the name of the company owning the colliery?

To accommodate his workforce, Hood found it necessary to build, and eventually, 271 homes were constructed in fifteen terraces adjacent to, and overlooking the colliery, of which 256 are still in occupied existence, together with several impressive managers’ residences built in the proximity of the colliery. More dwellings were built near his Penrhiwfer and Gilfach Goch mines, and to this day, in all three villages, there remain references to the Glamorgan Coal Company, Hood’s nationality, and Scottish landmarks. Sherwood (several), Gilmour, Anderson, Thistle, St. Andrew, Ayton, Campbell, Argyll, Grange, Holyrood, Rosedale, Bruce (Penrhiwfer), Scotch and Dundonnell (both at Gilfach Goch), all are overtly Scottish-influenced place-names, but there were acknowledgements to Wales, with Cambrian, Glamorgan, Llewelyn, Glandwr, Llwynypia, Glyncornel, Iscoed, etc. Missing from all these is a landmark dubbed ‘Hood’ by Hood himself, and perhaps this remarkable, extraordinary man knew there was no need for self-acclaim, for in his modest way he probably realized that his achievements in South Wales would render that self-perpetuation superfluous.

There were six vertical shafts and two levels at Llwynypia. On the Llwynypia side of the River Rhondda Fawr were shafts 1, 2, 3 and 4. Nos 1, and 2 shafts were sunk to exploit the shallow Nos. 2 and 3 Rhondda seams but were eventually deepened to exploit the steam coals in the deeper seams; No. 3 shaft worked the shallow seams too, but, whilst reportedly sunk to also exploit the lower seams, it closed in 1908. The coal in the Nos. 2 and 3 Rhondda seams was bituminous, used as a domestic fuel and also as the basic element in coke production, fuelling the 281 ovens at Llwynypia and Gilfach Goch collieries, where an impressive 1,400 tons was produced weekly. Additionally important, at the floor of these seams was fireclay, a mineral consisting of the roots of dead plants, extracted along with the coal, the decayed vegetation above the plant-roots, both having undergone change, metamorphosis, through heat and deep burial over millions of years. This clay was a valuable by-product, an essential constituent of the 10,000 or so bricks made daily by women in the colliery’s above-ground brick-making plant.

The three shafts (1, 2 and 3) were sunk in a line, parallel to and near the Taff Vale Railway, their extremes contained within an incredible 35.33 yards. No. 4 shaft did not conduct minerals, it was sunk purely to accommodate water pumped from the whole of the colliery’s workings, and its former location is today bordered by a fast-food outlet adjacent to Llwynypia Road. When the colliery ceased production in 1945, the yard remained in use as a rescue-station and central workshop, and the shaft remained open at the No. 3 Rhondda seam, 108 yards level, for water-pumping only until 1966, when total colliery closure took place. The writer recalls, during the mid-1960s, many times travelling to his ventilation duties there, in a very small, single-deck cage, the only one that could be accommodated in this extremely narrow shaft. No. 5 shaft, on the Trealaw side of the river, did not conduct minerals, it was sunk purely to conduct the whole of the colliery’s stale air to the surface, but at times through the colliery’s life this function was fulfilled by other shafts, including No. 6, when No. 5 closed. No. 6 shaft, close to the Collier’s Arms at Ynyscynon Road, was sunk to exploit the deep, steam coals.

In descending order, the seams worked at Llwynypia Colliery were: No. 1 Rhondda (only at an inconsequential, almost mountaintop level, see below); No. 2 Rhondda; No. 3 Rhondda; Pentre; Two Feet Nine Inches; Lower Six Feet; Upper Nine Feet (Red Vein): Lower Nine Feet and Bute; Bute; Five Feet; Lower Five Feet. The Lower Five Feet was the deepest-worked seam and was found at 517 yards in the 525 yards deep No. 1 shaft. The two levels were established on the Trealaw side of the river, with the highly-productive Sherwood Level, whose entrance was adjacent to No. 5 shaft, shallowly traversing under Ynyscynon Nursery as it commenced its 950 yard journey into Rhondda Fach, extracting the No. 2 Rhondda seam. It was opened in 1905, in anticipation of the closure of No. 3 shaft, thereby maintaining the essential supply of bituminous coal and fireclay for the production of coke and bricks, but it closed in 1923 when those reserves were exhausted. That year also saw the closure of Llwynypia Colliery Mountain Level, situated high on the Trealaw mountainside; it was a largely-exploratory, short-lived venture into the No. 1 Rhondda seam for its much-sought bituminous coal and fireclay, but one which was of limited presence due to glacial action and erosion by the elements. Reliable and complete manpower and production figures for Llwynypia are not available, but the colliery was certainly prolific in both, with 4,200 employees in 1902, and 700,000 tons output in 1923 being quoted, although the latter figure, is much lower than the widely-held figure of one million tons per annum.

Archibald Hood was that rarity, a truly-respected coal-owner. He was canny and conservative but also a humanitarian, and at Llwynypia, as in Scotland, he sought to beneficially influence the lives of his workmen and their families. Whereas D. A Thomas, Chairman of Cambrian Collieries Ltd, injected nothing into the Clydach Valley communities, Hood’s hand was everywhere in Llwynypia, manifested by the provision of schools, St. Andrews Church, a Miners Institute, complete with library and billiards tables — a swimming pool, tennis courts, cricket, football and rugby fields, and even the winter-time provision of a large, outdoor ice-skating area! He encouraged his workforce to grow food by providing large garden areas at the fronts of their dwellings, simultaneously seeking to divert the male occupants from alcohol, an imperative, given the volatile temperaments of the Welsh, Scots, and the Irish that later inhabited the community! He was known for his attention to detail, often involved in matters which his minions might have been expected to supervise – the writer’s grandmother lost an arm at Llwynypia when sixteen in 1893, amputated when caught in brick-making machinery, and Hood, then seventy, personally attended the matter, obtaining a job for the one-armed girl at the Tonypandy ironmongery of John Cox – Hood, probably not needing to remind Cox of Glamorgan Coal Company’s patronage!

When he died, aged 79, in 1902, a fund was established to erect a statue, the first in Rhondda, and this likeness, with an arm horizontal, pointing to his colliery, stands to this day, overlooking Llwynypia Road. Such was the respect of his workmen that the fund was heavily over-subscribed, with the surplus being used to provide a gas-lit statue and animal drinking-trough, now modified and situated near Tonypandy Library, removed from its original site at Tonypandy Square. Six years after his death, Llwynypia Colliery was taken under the control of D. A. Thomas’s Cambrian Collieries Ltd, of whom Leonard Llewelyn was General Manager. Today, it is known that Llewelyn was a liar, impostor and opportunist, but when he and Llwynypia Colliery became newspaper headlines in the Tonypandy Coal Strike and the associated rioting of 1910-11, he excelled in concealing and distorting the truth, by manipulating Establishment-based newspapers, the only information source of those times. To expose Llewelyn, one needed mining experience and a source of publication, both possessed by, and available to the writer, but not so in the latter-essential to miners in the 1910-11 period. So, critically, the untruths in those newspapers passed unchallenged, and became immediate history, creating false perceptions of events that deceived many historians and others to the present day. Llewelyn’s lies would not have sat well with Hood, and one wonders, when at the peak of his powers, would he have vetoed the Cambrian purchase of Llwynypia? Had it been possible to configure that time-span, he might have prevented the immense suffering that occurred in mid-Rhondda in 1910-11.

LLWYNYPIA COLLIERY, LLWYNYPIA, RHONDDA.

Any recollection of this colliery and its workforce is inseparable from the name of Archibald Hood, a Scotsman who bestrode mid-Rhondda and elsewhere as a colossus of the mining world, and beyond that distinction too. A brief summary of this man’s career –where to do justice, a volume is needed – is that in 1860, when he arrived in Wales from Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, he was merely thirty-seven, but in a brief twenty-five of those years in Scotland, he achieved more than most men of that time would achieve in a lifetime, becoming a qualified mining engineer and coal-owner, genuinely highly-respected in both spheres by his mining peers and workforce. His interest and concern in the latter extended beyond their daily duties, with the provision of good accommodation complete with gardens for food production, and also encouraging their purchase of domestic needs from co-operative initiatives. But, as illustrious as he was in Scotland, he would, over the next forty-two years in Wales, carve a second career that would overtake his first.

Hood’s first Welsh mining involvement was at Tylcha Fach Level in Coed Ely, which exploited the thin bituminous Ty Du seam of less than a yard thickness. The colliery was owned by the Ely Valley Coal Company, and its office and winding-engine house are still in existence, modified into three residences, sitting above Tylcha Fach Estate, an elevated, relatively-new housing development which sits on the valley-side opposite the former Coedely Colliery. He had arrived there in 1860, commissioned by Messrs. Campbell and Mitchell-Innes to determine if a proposed investment in small mines in the area would be profitable, but in an interim period and inexplicably not seeking Hood’s advice, Campbell and Mitchell-Innes were persuaded, unwisely, to buy the level. Although Hood later joined them there, his thoughts were focussed on deep mining at Llwynypia, and when the Ely Valley Coal Company was liquidated, he, Campbell and Mitchell-Inness formed the new Glamorgan Coal Company and began shaft sinkings at Llwynypia Colliery. Eventually, under Hood’s leadership two more deep mines were established at Penrhiwfer and Gilfach Goch.

Evidence of the beginning of Llwynypia Colliery, dated February 27th,1861, is shown on page four (pages 1-3 missing) of Glamorgan Coal Company’s Cash Book, which over the following twenty-eight days showed directors’ cash injections of £3,600, including £300 by Archibald Hood. It provides early-years evidence that though Hood was undoubtedly the driving force at Llwynypia, his periodical purchase of company shares was always much less than his fellow directors! A search for this colliery through officially-recognised sources will be unsuccessful if ‘Glamorgan’ or ‘Scotch’ is used as a search-word, for the correct name is ‘Llwynypia’, which broadly translates as ‘Magpies Grove’. However, for good reason, ‘Glamorgan’ and ‘Scotch’ soon became every-day alternatives, and they are unquestioned and accepted to this day – but why did they originate? Imagine, you are a Scot, beginning work as a miner in a very sparsely populated area, where the native language is predominantly Welsh, a tongue completely foreign to you. Inevitably, at some time, you will be asked your place of residence or employment: do you invite ridicule, by attempting to pronounce ‘Llwynypia’, or do you use your wits, replying with the easily-pronounced ‘Scotch’, a reference to the colliery’s predominantly Scottish workforce imported by Archibald Hood – or the equally easy ‘Glamorgan’, the name of the company owning the colliery?

To accommodate his workforce, Hood found it necessary to build, and eventually, 271 homes were constructed in fifteen terraces adjacent to, and overlooking the colliery, of which 256 are still in occupied existence, together with several impressive managers’ residences built in the proximity of the colliery. More dwellings were built near his Penrhiwfer and Gilfach Goch mines, and to this day, in all three villages, there remain references to the Glamorgan Coal Company, Hood’s nationality, and Scottish landmarks. Sherwood (several), Gilmour, Anderson, Thistle, St. Andrew, Ayton, Campbell, Argyll, Grange, Holyrood, Rosedale, Bruce (Penrhiwfer), Scotch and Dundonnell (both at Gilfach Goch), all are overtly Scottish-influenced place-names, but there were acknowledgements to Wales, with Cambrian, Glamorgan, Llewelyn, Glandwr, Llwynypia, Glyncornel, Iscoed, etc. Missing from all these is a landmark dubbed ‘Hood’ by Hood himself, and perhaps this remarkable, extraordinary man knew there was no need for self-acclaim, for in his modest way he probably realized that his achievements in South Wales would render that self-perpetuation superfluous.

There were six vertical shafts and two levels at Llwynypia. On the Llwynypia side of the River Rhondda Fawr were shafts 1, 2, 3 and 4. Nos 1, and 2 shafts were sunk to exploit the shallow Nos. 2 and 3 Rhondda seams but were eventually deepened to exploit the steam coals in the deeper seams; No. 3 shaft worked the shallow seams too, but, whilst reportedly sunk to also exploit the lower seams, it closed in 1908. The coal in the Nos. 2 and 3 Rhondda seams was bituminous, used as a domestic fuel and also as the basic element in coke production, fuelling the 281 ovens at Llwynypia and Gilfach Goch collieries, where an impressive 1,400 tons was produced weekly. Additionally important, at the floor of these seams was fireclay, a mineral consisting of the roots of dead plants, extracted along with the coal, the decayed vegetation above the plant-roots, both having undergone change, metamorphosis, through heat and deep burial over millions of years. This clay was a valuable by-product, an essential constituent of the 10,000 or so bricks made daily by women in the colliery’s above-ground brick-making plant.

The three shafts (1, 2 and 3) were sunk in a line, parallel to and near the Taff Vale Railway, their extremes contained within an incredible 35.33 yards. No. 4 shaft did not conduct minerals, it was sunk purely to accommodate water pumped from the whole of the colliery’s workings, and its former location is today bordered by a fast-food outlet adjacent to Llwynypia Road. When the colliery ceased production in 1945, the yard remained in use as a rescue-station and central workshop, and the shaft remained open at the No. 3 Rhondda seam, 108 yards level, for water-pumping only until 1966, when total colliery closure took place. The writer recalls, during the mid-1960s, many times travelling to his ventilation duties there, in a very small, single-deck cage, the only one that could be accommodated in this extremely narrow shaft. No. 5 shaft, on the Trealaw side of the river, did not conduct minerals, it was sunk purely to conduct the whole of the colliery’s stale air to the surface, but at times through the colliery’s life this function was fulfilled by other shafts, including No. 6, when No. 5 closed. No. 6 shaft, close to the Collier’s Arms at Ynyscynon Road, was sunk to exploit the deep, steam coals.

In descending order, the seams worked at Llwynypia Colliery were: No. 1 Rhondda (only at an inconsequential, almost mountaintop level, see below); No. 2 Rhondda; No. 3 Rhondda; Pentre; Two Feet Nine Inches; Lower Six Feet; Upper Nine Feet (Red Vein): Lower Nine Feet and Bute; Bute; Five Feet; Lower Five Feet. The Lower Five Feet was the deepest-worked seam and was found at 517 yards in the 525 yards deep No. 1 shaft. The two levels were established on the Trealaw side of the river, with the highly-productive Sherwood Level, whose entrance was adjacent to No. 5 shaft, shallowly traversing under Ynyscynon Nursery as it commenced its 950 yard journey into Rhondda Fach, extracting the No. 2 Rhondda seam. It was opened in 1905, in anticipation of the closure of No. 3 shaft, thereby maintaining the essential supply of bituminous coal and fireclay for the production of coke and bricks, but it closed in 1923 when those reserves were exhausted. That year also saw the closure of Llwynypia Colliery Mountain Level, situated high on the Trealaw mountainside; it was a largely-exploratory, short-lived venture into the No. 1 Rhondda seam for its much-sought bituminous coal and fireclay, but one which was of limited presence due to glacial action and erosion by the elements. Reliable and complete manpower and production figures for Llwynypia are not available, but the colliery was certainly prolific in both, with 4,200 employees in 1902, and 700,000 tons output in 1923 being quoted, although the latter figure, is much lower than the widely-held figure of one million tons per annum.

Archibald Hood was that rarity, a truly-respected coal-owner. He was canny and conservative but also a humanitarian, and at Llwynypia, as in Scotland, he sought to beneficially influence the lives of his workmen and their families. Whereas D. A Thomas, Chairman of Cambrian Collieries Ltd, injected nothing into the Clydach Valley communities, Hood’s hand was everywhere in Llwynypia, manifested by the provision of schools, St. Andrews Church, a Miners Institute, complete with library and billiards tables — a swimming pool, tennis courts, cricket, football and rugby fields, and even the winter-time provision of a large, outdoor ice-skating area! He encouraged his workforce to grow food by providing large garden areas at the fronts of their dwellings, simultaneously seeking to divert the male occupants from alcohol, an imperative, given the volatile temperaments of the Welsh, Scots, and the Irish that later inhabited the community! He was known for his attention to detail, often involved in matters which his minions might have been expected to supervise – the writer’s grandmother lost an arm at Llwynypia when sixteen in 1893, amputated when caught in brick-making machinery, and Hood, then seventy, personally attended the matter, obtaining a job for the one-armed girl at the Tonypandy ironmongery of John Cox – Hood, probably not needing to remind Cox of Glamorgan Coal Company’s patronage!

When he died, aged 79, in 1902, a fund was established to erect a statue, the first in Rhondda, and this likeness, with an arm horizontal, pointing to his colliery, stands to this day, overlooking Llwynypia Road. Such was the respect of his workmen that the fund was heavily over-subscribed, with the surplus being used to provide a gas-lit statue and animal drinking-trough, now modified and situated near Tonypandy Library, removed from its original site at Tonypandy Square. Six years after his death, Llwynypia Colliery was taken under the control of D. A. Thomas’s Cambrian Collieries Ltd, of whom Leonard Llewelyn was General Manager. Today, it is known that Llewelyn was a liar, impostor and opportunist, but when he and Llwynypia Colliery became newspaper headlines in the Tonypandy Coal Strike and the associated rioting of 1910-11, he excelled in concealing and distorting the truth, by manipulating Establishment-based newspapers, the only information source of those times. To expose Llewelyn, one needed mining experience and a source of publication, both possessed by, and available to the writer, but not so in the latter-essential to miners in the 1910-11 period. So, critically, the untruths in those newspapers passed unchallenged, and became immediate history, creating false perceptions of events that deceived many historians and others to the present day. Llewelyn’s lies would not have sat well with Hood, and one wonders, when at the peak of his powers, would he have vetoed the Cambrian purchase of Llwynypia? Had it been possible to configure that time-span, he might have prevented the immense suffering that occurred in mid-Rhondda in 1910-11.

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c1910 postcard view of pedestrians and businesses in downtown Rushville, Indiana. The photographer was standing at the northwest corner of the courthouse square and looking northwest. This was the intersection of North Main and West Second Streets. According to the 1908 Sanborn™ fire insurance map set for Rushville, a drugstore (201 North Main Street and a bank (205 North Main Street) occupied the brick building on the corner.

The large sign on the south side of that building advertised FRANK WOLCOTT, THE COURT HOUSE DRUGGIST. That sign also advertised PAINTS, KODAK SUPPLIES, TOILET ARTICLES and CIGARS. Other signs near the drug store entrance advertised COCA COLA, PATENT MEDICINES, KODAKS and CIGARS. The sign standing on the sidewalk advertised ICE CREAM SODA and FURNAS ICE CREAM. Frank E. Wolcott was listed as a Rushville druggist in 1905 and 1908 directories of druggists.¹

Smaller signs on the second floor of that building advertised E. M. OSBORN MERCHANT TAILOR and the SEXTON & SPARKS LAW OFFICE. The stairway to these offices (203 North Main Street) was located between the drugstore and the bank. A 1901 online reference lists Will Morris Sparks as a graduate of Depauw University and a practicing attorney at Sexton & Sparks in Rushville. His partner was Gates Sexton. A 1902 business directory² listed both of these attorneys at the 203 North Main Street address. E. M. Osborn was listed in the 1902 directory, but his business address was 212 North Main Street at the time.

A BANK sign was leaning against the front of the building in this scene. The awning appears to have had BANK printed on the fringe. The 1913 Sanborn™ map set shows that plans had been developed to replace this brick building with a new fireproof structure that a bank would occupy.

The awning on the second building north of the intersection (207 and 209 North Main Street) advertised BILLIARDS & POOL. Both of the Rushville map sets from this era show a pool and cigars business at that location. Both map sets also show a clothing store in the next building north (211 North Main Street) where the awning advertised CLOTHING and the sign above advertised CLOTHIER. The 1902 directory listed L. F. Wilson in the “CLOTHING” category at 201 North Main Street. A 1915 book³ listed him as a clothier and hatter.

The awning on the next building north (213 North Main Street) advertised DRUGS. The sign at the top of the building advertised the JOHNSON DRUGS and WALL PAPER business. A utility pole partially blocked the sign above the entrance, but the sign appears to advertise the JOHNSON DRUG STORE. (Fred B. Johnson was a Rushville druggist in the early part of the 20th century.) The north half of that same building (217 North Main Street) housed a hardware store according to both of the Sanborn™ map sets. The 1902 directory listed C. F. Edgerton as the proprietor of a hardware business at that location. The building had two bay windows on the second floor and an IORM (Improved Order of Red Men) sign was hanging from the balcony on the third floor. The sign and the awning on the next building to the north (219 and 221 North Main Street) both advertised a 99c STORE. Both Sanborn™ map sets show a books and stationery store at this location. The awning on the next building north (223 and 225 North Main Street) is unreadable, but both map sets show a dry goods business at that location next to the alley.

1. The Era Druggists Directory Eleventh Edition (New York, NY: D. O. Haynes & Co., 1905). Available online at books.google.com/books?id=bantAAAAMAAJ&printsec=front... and Indiana Board of Pharmacy. Ninth Annual Report (Indianapolis, IN: William B. Burford, 1908). Available online at books.google.com/books?id=afjqAAAAMAAJ&printsec=front....

2. Business and Professional Directory of Central Indiana (Indianapolis, IN: Union Directory Co., 1902). Available online at openlibrary.org/books/OL22862780M/Business_and_profession....

3. Alexander, Mary M. and Capitola Guffin Dill, ed., Sketches of Rush County, Indiana (Rushville, IN: The Jacksonville Publishing Co., 1915). Available online at openlibrary.org/books/OL6581574M/Sketches_of_Rush_County_....

From a private collection.

The full postcard image can be seen here.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/5106767653/

Copyright 2009-2014 by Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This image is part of a creative package that includes the associated text, geodata and/or other information. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.

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The small size of the above image doesn't do a very good job of presenting the print details. This link will take you to another Flickr page where a close-up section of this print gives a much clearer view of the detail.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/2687258130/in...

An image of the postcard upon which this print is based can be seen here.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/6910146751/in...

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Indiana History Prints

I created my first Indiana History Prints in 2002. The early prints were digital collages based on authentic original antique postcards, advertisements, and other paper items. I have continued to make a few collage prints, but also began creating prints from a few individual postcards and advertisements. All of the prints have been based on items from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. That was the era when railroads already crisscrossed the state and provided the primary means of transporting passengers, freight and the mail. However, around the turn of the century, the interurban system arose and expanded rapidly. The interurban lines and the railroads were competing in some respects and, together, these two rail systems provided excellent service throughout much of the state. Their importance has been memorialized in hundreds of postcard scenes of trains, trolleys, bridges, stations and passengers. Then, just as the interurban system was becoming an integral part of Hoosiers’ lives, the automobile arrived and changed everything. Initially, it displaced the horse-drawn vehicles that were the primary means of local transportation. As roads were improved between communities to accommodate the automobiles, the interurban system began a fairly rapid decline followed by passenger service on the railroads. These changes were well documented by the photographers and postcard manufacturers and by the advertising from that era. The best examples of the postcards and photographs offer some amazing views of that era.

Personal and business communications were changing as well. The telephone was not yet widely available. The Post Office Department began selling the first postal cards at post offices in 1873, but businesses were the primary users. Picture postcards first appeared in Europe and eventually in the U.S. after the turn of the century. Those postcards quickly became a convenient method for personal communication, especially after the postal regulations changed in 1906 to allow messages on half of the back side of the postcard. The postcards were also collectible.

In those days, mail delivery within the state often took no more than a day. Post Office Department clerks processed some of the mail on specially designed rail cars as the trains traveled from one destination to the next. Several postcard scenes from that era show postal clerks standing on the railroad station platforms with mail pouches. A few postcards show the mail cars, but there are very few views of the interiors of those cars.

I am entirely responsible for the creation and production of the prints. They have been produced with care and each element used in the prints looks at least as good as the original. Each print is produced in very small quantities on 100% cotton rag watercolor paper (Hahnemühle Photo Rag®). The paper has a slight warm tone rather than being bright white, making it particularly suitable for printing historical objects. The prints will look good for decades, but need to be matted, framed and displayed behind glass to protect them from physical and environmental damage.

Print Description

1908 postmarked postcard showing a huge crowd gathered in the public square at Shelbyville, Indiana. They were there to watch the circus parade. The date was September 6, 1907. This Forepaugh-Sells Circus had been in Fort Wayne on the 2nd. The circus wagon numbers were 91, 56, 52 and 43. Besides all the people and the circus wagons, there were numerous personal buggies and wagons as well. One of the wagons near the lower left-hand corner was a delivery wagon advertising FIVE POINTS GROCER. Most of the owner’s name, __ __LARK, can’t be seen. The 1909 Chadwick history² mentions a “Lester Clark, grocer,” but provides no further information.

This view is looking southwest. The two-story frame building at the left housed four businesses according to the 1905 and 1910 Sanborn™ fire insurance map sets for Shelbyville. Those businesses in 1905 were, from east to west, confectionery, barbershop, harness shop and saloon with pool and billiards in the back. By 1910, the confectionery business had been replaced by a moving pictures business and the saloon replaced by a drugstore. In this scene, the business sign on the left advertised CONFECTIONS, but the name at the top of that sign isn’t quite readable. A 1902 business directory¹ listed a confectioner by the name of A. L. Sparks at this location (43 Public Square). The next sign to the west advertised J. W. WORDEN’S HARNESS SHOP (39 Public Square). The LAW OFFICE sign upstairs includes a single name, but it’s not readable. The 1902 business directory included a listing for a saloon owned by Cheney and Doran next to the harness shop (37 Public Square).

Both map sets identified the store in the southwest corner (35 Public Square) as simply a general store and showed the K. of P. Lodge on the third floor. In this scene, the sign on the utility pole back in that corner advertised MONDAY SEP 2. The remainder is unreadable. The store with the HEADQUARTERS FOR SCHOOL BOOKS AND SUPPLIES banner was identified in both map sets as a clothing store (33 Public Square). Next door, (31 Public Square), the sign advertised JOHN HORST BOOTS & SHOES. Both map sets show a boots and shoes business at this location and the 1902 directory also listed the Horst business at this location. Both map sets show a bank on the corner at West Washington Street (27-29 Public Square). The sign on that building identified it as FIRST NATIONAL BANK. It wasn’t listed in the 1902 directory. Upstairs from the bank was a sign advertising OFFICE OF HOME ADDITION LOTS 2 DOWN ___ WEEK NO TAXES NO INTEREST NO MORTGAGE NO EXTRAS PAYMENTS MADE AT SHELBY NATIONAL BANK T. E. GOODRICH AGT.

At the back of the bank building on West Washington Street, a small sign just above the circus wagon advertised a LAW OFFICE. The name is unreadable, but that sign was at the entrance that probably led to the stairway to the upper floors of the bank building. The address of the two-story brick building west of the bank was 21 West Washington Street. The 1902 directory listed the “Downey & Major” law firm at that address. Two small frame buildings stood next door (23 and 25 West Washington Street). The 1905 map set showed an office and a wallpaper business at those locations, respectively. The 1910 map set showed a wallpaper and a fruit business at those respective locations. The PICTURE FRAMES and WALL PAPER & MOULDINGS signs were at the 25 W. Washington Street address in this scene. Another sign identified the proprietor as CHARLES B. CAGE. The 1902 business directory listed “Lange & Cage” in the wall paper business at that address.

1. Johnson’s Business and Professional Directory (Washington, D. C.: Johnson Publishing Co., 1902). Available online at archive.org/details/johnsonsbusiness190203wash.

2. Edward H. Chadwick, Chadwick’s History of Shelby County, Indiana (Indianapolis, IN: B. F. Bownen & Co., 1909). Available online at ia802704.us.archive.org/0/items/chadwickshistory01chad/ch....

From a private collection.

Copyright 2006-2016 by Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This image is part of a creative package that includes the associated text, geodata and/or other information. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.

1914 postmarked postcard view of Brown’s Saloon and Dance Hall in New Trenton, Indiana. The postcard was postmarked at New Trenton and addressed to Floyd Laverty in Connersville. The message from Earl M. Kraus (In care of Al Witt) said, "Dear Cousin, I am sending you a picture of Brows [sic] Saloon and Dance Hall back of it. There will be a big bunch of girls out next month. Well don't forget me and write." The date was July 15, 1914.

In this scene, there were chairs on the porch below a Bell Systems telephone sign. Two men were resting in the shade on the front lawn and two others were standing on the porch. A Studebaker wagon and a buggy were parked in front. Another wagon was parked beside the building in the background. Horses were hitched to all three vehicles. The photographer was probably standing in the road leading to the old covered bridge that had been destroyed by the flood the prior year. He may have been at the point where that road crossed the C. C. C. & St. L. (Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis) Railroad. The New Trenton Railroad Station site was just outside this scene on the right. The station had been washed downstream by the Great Flood of 1913, but was replaced fairly soon thereafter. The following is one account of that flood at New Trenton.

“Near the railroad station at New Trenton was an old covered bridge which had seen service for many years. At the end of the bridge was an elevator, coal yard, lumber yard and saloon belonging to Mr. Brown. In previous floods the water had reached the floors in some of these buildings. During the flood of 1913 the bridge, station, and entire business of Mr. Brown were swept away almost instantly. It was stated by an eyewitness that at one moment everything was in place and in two minutes not a stick was left. Not only were the buildings swept away but the ground on which they had stood had disappeared after the flood receded.”¹

Everything between the railroad and the river was washed away along with the bridge and the nearby train station. Other accounts report that L. J. Brown lost nine buildings, including a dance pavilion that wasn’t mentioned in the above account. However, his house was spared. Postcard views of the flooding aftermath at New Trenton show a single structure surviving in that area near the bridge. It was the house shown on this postcard. This and another postcard view show a large addition on the back of the house that didn’t exist when the house was photographed in the aftermath of the flood. The title of this postcard, “Brown’s, New Trenton, Ind.,” and the message on the back indicate that L. J. Brown relocated his lost saloon and dance pavilion to this remodeled house following the flood. The house at that location today closely resembles the house in this postcard scene.

1. William N. Logan et al, Handbook of Indiana Geology (Indianapolis, IN: William B. Burford, 1922), page 313. Available online at books.google.com/books?id=y8sUAAAAYAAJ&printsec=front....

From a private collection.

Selected close-up sections of this postcard can be seen here, from left to right in the image.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/14574934024/

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/14390032460/

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/14596803603/

The message on the back side of this postcard can be seen here.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/14574933384/

Copyright 2004-2015 by Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This image is part of a creative package that includes the associated text, geodata and/or other information. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.

REMEMBER THE DAYS

Sweet recollections of back in the day

When children ran free in the streets as they played

Front doors left open to neighbours who cared

So few possessions to steal by who dared

Bicycle rides to the park with my mate

Stern words from father if I rolled up home late

Jumpers for goalposts and leather to boot

Life seemed so endless, one riotous hoot

Bandstand and deckchairs free to all souls

Bright coloured canvas and wood varnished, old

Chasing the squirrels and feeding the birds

Violence and vandals were words we'd not heard

No peadophile monsters to worry us so

No fast food obesity, limbs on the go

Three channel TV and eight track cassettes

No knife crime nor gangland, no drunken ladettes

Back in the day when kids could be kids

Joyful we laughed in the characters we hid

Board games and pistols, imagination rife

Out in the open and sampling life

Life was a game as we roll played with friends

Politically correct, non existent back then

Toy cigarettes, cowboy pistols such fun

Not one of us went wayward and killed with real guns

We ran like the wind with energy boundless

Exercised limbs and our minds although groundless

Were delusions of grandeur that children posses

Later we'd grow and discover life's mess

We were gleeful, contented, engrossed and so free

Not troubled by germs or the odd bloodied knee

Our parents could scold us without facing jail

No Play station needed, no Ipads, junk mail

Our garden my kingdom where I gaily played

Cowboys and Indians in the tents that I made

Cars were so few and the streets safe to roam

Night time was safe as you journeyed back home

Remember my childhood with such fondness, I do

And memories flood back with the deckchairs in view

In the days when the family bond was so strong

And childhood so precious in the summertime long

Back in the park as my bum takes the seat

Attendants want money to sit in the heat

Cutbacks and costs mean the band won't be showing

Guess life has changed some, so I'd better be going

.

Written May 20th 2011

Photograph taken at 09:28am on May 12th 2011 in St James Park, Central London, England.

Nikon D700 24mm 1/800s f/4.0 iso200

Nikkor AF-S 24-70mm f/2.8G ED IF. UV filter. MetaGPS geotag.

Latitude: N 51d 30m 12.96s

Longitude: W 0d 8m 0.70s

Altitude: 9.0m

My Father holding my sister Joani.

I have nothing but fond memories of my Father. He was well known for his patience. I never heard him curse or swear. He lived for his wife and children. He retired from the Boeing Airplane Company where he worked as a maintenance electrician.

One of the earliest recollections I have of my Father was when he lifted me up I could smell the machine oil on his clothes because he repaired the large machines and got them going when they broke down. Also I remember when he lifted me up I would get brushed up against things in his shirt pocket like a machinist scale and other things that were clipped to his pocket.

Several other things stand out as to how patient he was. We were going for a ride in the country (now Woodinville/Bothell areas). I had this toy gun and when you pulled the trigger a very stiff roll of paper would spiral out of the gun and then spiral back into the gun. My Dad told me that I could bring the gun along but it was not to go off in the car. I should also have prefaced this with the fact that my Dad didn't like guns. I was sitting in the back seat of our old Plymouth and for some unknown reason the gun went off. Not only did it go off but it hit my Dad in the back of the head as we were driving along. He stopped the car at the next safe turnout and informed me, quite firmly, that he had told me the gun should not be fired in the car and if it happened again there would be further retribution.

I tested his patience on another occasion when my Dad let me do some maintenance on another Plymouth that he owned. We had been hearing the fan belt squealing and I asked my Dad if I could adjust it. He obliged me so I proceeded to carry out the task. I loosened the adjustment bolt and put some force to the pry bar to increase tension on the belt. Then I tightened the adjustment bolt. I was probably around 14 or 15 and was becoming quite strong but not old enough to know my own strength. I over tightened the adjustment bolt and broke the casting. I felt sick. My Dad was around the back of the house stacking some wood so I sheepishly approached him and told him what had happened. Now this was on a Sunday there were no auto parts stores or repair shops open and we lived on the very outskirts of Seattle at the time. All he said to me was "Oh, Bob". He came out to the car and surveyed the situation and told me we would drive a 2x4 behind the generator to get tension on the fan belt. We drove this car for many more thousands of miles with the 2x4 holding the tension on the fan belt, a testament to his patience as well as his ingenuity.

On one of these rides I remember we stopped for a picnic lunch out by a small tributary to the Snoqualmie River. The part I remember so well was my Mom taking me down by the little stream and my Dad had made several "boats" out of the rinds of the cantaloupe halves we had as part of our lunch. He had asked my Mom to only half the cantelopes so they would make proper boats. In my minds eye I can still see them bobbing down the little stream. Another time my Dad made some little sailboats when we were over on Lake Cle Elum near the town he was born in which was Roslyn, WA. At this time there was a lot of logging going on in the area and logs were floated down the lake and then trucked to the sawmills. As the logs were in the rafts they would rub against one another and the bark of the Douglas firs would slough off in large chunks. It was from these chunks of bark that my Dad would fashion the little sailboats. First he started by making a hole for the mast on the smooth side of the bark. Then he would find a proper sized twig for the mast and then finish off with some scrap paper for the sail. Then came the launch. This all was repeated in rapid succession until there was a little flotilla of small craft actually being carried out into the lake by the breeze.

My Father was a faithful man. Faithful to my Mom, my sister and me. He worked hard so we could have things he only dreamed of. As a young fella I wanted to do some things that were considered dangerous but the understanding was that as long as I received proper training it would be alright. These pursuits included SCUBA diving and mountain climbing. My Father was a Boy Scout and instilled in me a love for the outdoors and reverence for Nature. As a Father he instilled in me a love for family and God.

I salute you Dad!

V Sattui Winery, St. Helena, California, USA

History of the V Sattui Winery:

Dario Sattui remembers visiting Vittorio, his great-grandfather, who continued to live upstairs at the long dormant Bryant Street winery until his death at age 94. "As a small child, my first recollection was the aroma of wine emanating from the old building as soon as I entered," he says. He played among the barrels and ovals in the cellars, stories of the old family wine business ringing in his ears. It was then, Dario believes, that the dream of reopening the winery began.

In 1972, after two years in Europe beyond college, Dario began his apprenticeship at various Napa Valley wineries. He still had his dream, the same dream he'd had as a child. Dario pledged he "would reestablish V. Sattui Winery to its former glory."

But just how to do this was the problem. Dario had almost no capital and little practical knowledge of the wine industry. So he dedicated himself to developing the tools and skills he'd need to make the dream become a reality. Soon Dario had developed a business plan and began looking for prospective investors. Later, he found a parcel of land for sale that had a small walnut orchard with an old house on it. Dario remembers bringing prospective investors to the property telling them, "'Here is where we will build our winery,' all the while afraid that the people living on the property would throw me off for trespassing." Since he couldn't afford to purchase the property outright, he managed to get a lease-option for $500 a month. "The house was in such bad condition we lived in my VW bus for more than a month while making it suitable enough to live in."

Time passed as Dario continued to look for investors, but there were no takers. With his last $500, he paid for one more month on the property. Dario had only raised half the capital he needed to begin the winery, but he managed during that "last" month to talk a Napa real estate broker into buying the property, building a small winery on it, and then leasing it to Dario with an option to purchase it back sometime in the future. Still short of funds, Dario enlisted investors without money, but with the skills needed to help him create the winery building. That summer, July of 1975, they began construction, and it was finished in early 1976.

Renting the winemaking equipment he needed, using his great-grandfather's hand-corking machine and Vittorio's original design for the wine labels, the winery was open for business.

When Dario had lived in Europe, he'd remembered seeing small, family-run neighborhood delis filled with freshly made foods and wonderful selections of cheese. He was able to convert this memory into what was to become the perfect match for great wine, V. Sattui's famous Cheese Shop and Deli. Years passed and the struggle continued. Slowly, the winemaking process improved and success came. However, in those first few years, times were hard and Dario lived frugally, sometimes spending his nights sleeping on the floor of the winery so he could put what money he had into the new business. The original winery building is now the Tasting Room, Cheese Shop and Deli and Gift Shop.

As business grew, Dario began to be able to accumulate the best equipment available.

By 1985, V. Sattui Winery was able to build a beautiful stone winery amid the venerable 250 year-old oaks, reminiscent of the late 19th century wineries in Italy and France. With its two stories, tower, wine caves and underground aging cellars, its completion was a fitting tribute to help celebrate the centennial of Vittorio's dream. That same year, the 34-acre vineyard adjacent to the winery became available.

Renamed Suzanne's Vineyard, after his wife, it was soon joined by Carsi Vineyard in Yountville, followed in 1993 by the 556-acre Henry Ranch property in the Carneros grape-growing region, and then in 1998, a 128-acre ranch in Solano County. These, along with other acquisitions, will in the near future allow V. Sattui Winery to supply over 85% of its grape needs from five very distinct microclimates.

From the very beginning, Dario refused to compromise on the quality of the wine. The production and retailing concept offers insight into the reasons for V. Sattui Winery's success. Dario's vision has always been to fully integrate the process of winemaking from the grape to the consumer. This vertical control over all aspects of viticulture, winemaking, and sales is the future for V. Sattui Winery. It is because of Dario Sattui's dream that it has been able to provide the finest wines possible while continuing to sell them at a fair price directly to its customers.

A wonderful collection designed by Katarina Roccella for Art Gallery Fabrics. The colors are so unusual and amazing at the same time!

Blogged: jednoiglec.blogspot.com/2015/02/pretties.html

RECOLLECTION -- Rick Cartwright, interim head of the Arkansas Extension Service, recalls his time working for Armstead Feland during a re-dedication of a building named for him. (U of A System Division of Agriculture photo)

c1910 postcard view of the G. R. & I. (Grand Rapids and Indiana) Railroad Depot in Decatur, Indiana. This depot is still located on the west side of North Seventh Street about 100 feet north of Madison Street. The photographer was standing on the main track and looking southeast when he took this photograph. Besides the passengers and freight wagons on the platform, three young boys were killing time beside the tracks. Beyond the depot, a pair of boxcars sat on a siding beside a coal shed and lumberyard (per the 1907 Sanborn™ fire insurance map set for Decatur).

From the collection of Jane Lyle.

A close-up section of this postcard can be seen here.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/5854845770/in...

Copyright 2008-2014 by Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This image is part of a creative package that includes the associated text, geodata and/or other information. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.

Fort Wayne, Indiana

1.1.2014-7.10.2014

2017 Recollections

Rebecca Solnit has devoted her memoir to anecdotes of growing up female in a male centered society that wishes to silence women, dominate them and sometimes terrify them. This made for grim reading that also made me see that straight women are between a rock and a hard place—having to put up with bullshit from men on the off chance that one might prove to be boyfriend material.

Given that nothing particularly terrible happens to her—no rape scene, no actual violence—this is really more of a feminist treatise on how women grow up already thinking they aren’t significant and what it might take to unlearn this and begin to take up space and be seen. A lot of this is insightful and worthwhile.

It is also a memoir about a woman writer’s life and the small triumphs that keep one writing. And since she lives in San Francisco it is a memoir of place and of her friendships with gay men. I was curious to see if she had any friendships with lesbians, but apart from some lesbian neighbors who are old so not of interest, none are mentioned. Gay men are great foils for straight women, but lesbians and straight girls don’t mix. Possibly because lesbians don’t have to live a life centered around men. And so there would be little to discuss between the two. (I'm being catty. I do of course have straight women friends who are colleagues with plenty to talk about between us.)

She does indeed understand the territory that keeps women silent and the title of this memoir is the most clever thing about it. But I did long for even a single note of defiance, subversiveness or out and out rebellion even humor about this territory that every woman in the West inhabits. At which point I was inspired to write such a chapter of my own. Which is why I read memoirs.

I did cling with glee to the line in chapter two about the engineer boots she favored as an eleven year old which she explains by saying “I was trying not to be that despised thing, a girl….” From this I can glean that some part of her does understand that the process of becoming a girl is a frustrating one of realizing that you must become that despised thing. And any possibility of escaping this destination will be tried in numerous options of self harming including not to become a girl at all. Which is why I expect women especially a feminist to understand when this opting not to be a girl in such large numbers is an aberration, but in her recent article to the Guardian trying to calm women about the fear of trans women in women only places, she dismisses this surge in transitioning girls with not even a pause to investigate. It just wouldn’t fit the progressive messaging. And besides such a transboy has emerged in her own family so not to swallow the trans cult messaging would be treasonous. Everyone has their blind spot.

@Ushigome, Tokyo

1908 postmarked postcard view of the intersection at Illinois and Washington Streets in downtown Indianapolis, Indiana. Another postcard based on this same photograph has an undivided back and would have been produced no later than 1906. Consequently, this scene probably dates from 1905 or 1906.

This view was looking northeast, probably from a second-floor window at the corner of Washington Street and Kentucky Avenue. Pedestrians, streetcars and delivery wagons crowded the intersection. The southbound streetcar at the left (No. 810) had an N-WESTERN sign on the side. The nearest westbound car (No. 834) had BLAKE on the front and PROSPECT on the side. Following it was a car with MICHIGAN on the front. The car turning south onto Illinois had COLLEGE on the front, and behind that car was another with BLAKE on the front. The northbound car at the right (No. 803) had an ILLINOIS sign on the side.

The building on the northeast corner was the United Building. The façade of the first three-story building next door (44 West Washington Street) was covered by signs advertising UNION PAINLESS DENTISTS, COCA COLA and LITTLE MINISTER. The large sign and the awning on the next building (42 West Washington Street) advertised THE HANOVER SHOE. In 1910, according to the 1914 Sanborn™ fire insurance map set, these two three-story buildings were replaced by a new building that was home to the Alhambra Theatre. The sign on the next building (40 West Washington Street) was unreadable. However, the 1905 R. L. Polk city directory listed the James Bogert Sons trunk manufacturing business at this address. James Bogert had been in the trunk business in Indianapolis since at least the 1860s. He and his sons had been making and selling trunks at 40 West Washington since at least 1897. However, as early as 1907, the R. L. Polk city directory was listing the Romadka Brothers Co. in the trunk business at that address. The 1914 Sanborn™ map set showed a trunk factory was still at that location. Signs on the four-story building west of the alley (34-38 West Washington Street) advertised J. H. REED JEWELER and THE NEWS. The jeweler advertised WATCHES, DIAMONDS and SILVERWARE. A post clock stood on the sidewalk in front of the store. The 1905 directory listed the jeweler at 38 West Washington and the Indianapolis News at 36-38 West Washington Street.

Signs on the two-story building east of the alley (30-32 West Washington Street) advertised PEOPLE’S CREDIT CLOTHING CO. The 1905 directory listed the business address as 32 West Washington Street. The directory listed something called the Bijou Dream at 30 West Washington Street. However, the 1914 Sanborn™ map set shows a new ten-story Indianapolis News Building had been built on this site in 1910. The map set shows the new building was occupied by the Indianapolis News offices (floors 1 and 7-10) and Taylor Carpet Co. (floors 2-6). In this postcard scene, the TAYLOR CARPET CO. advertisements were located on the four-story building next door (26-28 West Washington Street). The 1905 Polk directory listed them at that address. The 1914 map set shows a newer seven-story building at that location with a furniture store on all floors. The map set also shows that floors 2-6 in the Indianapolis News Building were connected by doorways to the new seven-story furniture store next door. Apparently, Taylor Carpet Co. also occupied that newer building as well.

The HUDER DRUGS sign advertised their location in the three-story building at 22 West Washington Street. Next door, the signs advertised WASSON’S Department Store, selling FURNITURE, CARPETS, RUGS, [STOVES?], WALL PAPER and DRAPERIES. The 1905 Polk directory listed their address as 6-20 West Washington Street.

Farther east, signs advertised ______A NAT. BANK and BADGER FURNITURE CO. The latter advertised ORIENTAL RUGS, CARPETS, DRAPERIES and SHADES. The business was located at 14-20 East Washington Street. The bank advertisement was probably for Columbia National Bank at 14-16 East Washington Street.

Signs on the southeast corner of the intersection advertised DRUGS and FERGER’S. This was Edward Ferger’s drugstore, listed in the 1905 directory at 47 West Washington Street (also doing business in the Traction Terminal Building).

From a private collection.

The full postcard image can be seen here.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/8414809069/in...

Copyright 2005-2014 by Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This image is part of a creative package that includes the associated text, geodata and/or other information. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.

Leica M2 / NOKTON classic 35mm F1.4 SC

Cover photo: H.E. Burke. 1946. My Recollections of the First Years in Forest Entomology. Berkeley, California. 37 p. www.fs.fed.us/sites/default/files/recollections-on-forest...

Photo by: Unknown

Date: 1946

Credit: USDA Forest Service, Region 6, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection.

Source: H.E. Burke Collection digital files; Regional Office; Portland, Oregon.

For additional historical forest entomology photos, stories, and resources see the Western Forest Insect Work Conference site: wfiwc.org/content/history-and-resources

Image provided by USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection: www.fs.usda.gov/main/r6/forest-grasslandhealth

Group of three ATC: vintage stamps and heart charms layered with muslin and quilted under vinyl .

REMEMBER THE DAYS

Sweet recollections of back in the day

When children ran free in the streets as they played

Front doors left open to neighbours who cared

So few possessions to steal by who dared

Bicycle rides to the park with my mate

Stern words from father if I rolled up home late

Jumpers for goalposts and leather to boot

Life seemed so endless, one riotous hoot

Bandstand and deckchairs free to all souls

Bright coloured canvas and wood varnished, old

Chasing the squirrels and feeding the birds

Violence and vandals were words we'd not heard

No peadophile monsters to worry us so

No fast food obesity, limbs on the go

Three channel TV and eight track cassettes

No knife crime nor gangland, no drunken ladettes

Back in the day when kids could be kids

Joyful we laughed in the characters we hid

Board games and pistols, imagination rife

Out in the open and sampling life

Life was a game as we roll played with friends

Politically correct, non existent back then

Toy cigarettes, cowboy pistols such fun

Not one of us went wayward and killed with real guns

We ran like the wind with energy boundless

Exercised limbs and our minds although groundless

Were delusions of grandeur that children posses

Later we'd grow and discover life's mess

We were gleeful, contented, engrossed and so free

Not troubled by germs or the odd bloodied knee

Our parents could scold us without facing jail

No Play station needed, no Ipads, junk mail

Our garden my kingdom where I gaily played

Cowboys and Indians in the tents that I made

Cars were so few and the streets safe to roam

Night time was safe as you journeyed back home

Remember my childhood with such fondness, I do

And memories flood back with the deckchairs in view

In the days when the family bond was so strong

And childhood so precious in the summertime long

Back in the park as my bum takes the seat

Attendants want money to sit in the heat

Cutbacks and costs mean the band won't be showing

Guess life has changed some, so I'd better be going

.

Written May 20th 2011

Photograph taken at 10:28am on May 12th 2011 in St James Park, Central London, England.

Nikon D700 24mm 1/800s f/4.0 iso200

Nikkor AF-S 24-70mm f/2.8G ED IF. UV filter. MetaGPS geotag.

Latitude: N 51d 30m 12.95s

Longitude: W 0d 8m 0.70s

Altitude: 9.0m

At VFS Digital Design, we teach agile project management practices throughout the entire year. And what better way to refresh everyone's recollection of the 9 knowledge areas (scope, time, cost, human resources, procurement, risk, quality, communication and integration) than with a game!

In Term 4 Project Management 4, students were divided into four teams and briefed on a project they had just "won”. Using index cards and post-it notes the students were asked to record the goals, objectives, work breakdown structure including time allotted for major tasks, resources, and the risks of their respective projects and post them on the wall.

Find out more about VFS's one-year Digital Design program at www.vfs.com/digitaldesign.

________________________________________________

The small size of the above image doesn't do a very good job of presenting the print details. This link will take you to another Flickr page where a close-up section of this print gives a much clearer view of the detail.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/2685856042/

An image of the postcard upon which this print is based can be seen here.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/5333399043/

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Indiana History Prints

I created my first Indiana History Prints in 2002. The early prints were digital collages based on authentic original antique postcards, advertisements, and other paper items. I have continued to make a few collage prints, but also began creating prints from a few individual postcards and advertisements. All of the prints have been based on items from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. That was the era when railroads already crisscrossed the state and provided the primary means of transporting passengers, freight and the mail. However, around the turn of the century, the interurban system arose and expanded rapidly. The interurban lines and the railroads were competing in some respects and, together, these two rail systems provided excellent service throughout much of the state. Their importance has been memorialized in hundreds of postcard scenes of trains, trolleys, bridges, stations and passengers. Then, just as the interurban system was becoming an integral part of Hoosiers’ lives, the automobile arrived and changed everything. Initially, it displaced the horse-drawn vehicles that were the primary means of local transportation. As roads were improved between communities to accommodate the automobiles, the interurban system began a fairly rapid decline followed by passenger service on the railroads. These changes were well documented by the photographers and postcard manufacturers and by the advertising from that era. The best examples of the postcards and photographs offer some amazing views of that era.

Personal and business communications were changing as well. The telephone was not yet widely available. The Post Office Department began selling the first postal cards at post offices in 1873, but businesses were the primary users. Picture postcards first appeared in Europe and eventually in the U.S. after the turn of the century. Those postcards quickly became a convenient method for personal communication, especially after the postal regulations changed in 1906 to allow messages on half of the back side of the postcard. The postcards were also collectible.

In those days, mail delivery within the state often took no more than a day. Post Office Department clerks processed some of the mail on specially designed rail cars as the trains traveled from one destination to the next. Several postcard scenes from that era show postal clerks standing on the railroad station platforms with mail pouches. A few postcards show the mail cars, but there are very few views of the interiors of those cars.

I am entirely responsible for the creation and production of the prints. They have been produced with care and each element used in the prints looks at least as good as the original. Each print is produced in very small quantities on 100% cotton rag watercolor paper (Hahnemühle Photo Rag®). The paper has a slight warm tone rather than being bright white, making it particularly suitable for printing historical objects. The prints will look good for decades, but need to be matted, framed and displayed behind glass to protect them from physical and environmental damage.

Print Description

1914 postmarked postcard view of the Winona Flyer trolley car and waiting passengers in Warsaw, Indiana. This view was looking northeast on East Center Street, just east of the alley between North Buffalo and North Indiana Streets. The sign advertising the WINONA ELECTRIC LIGHT AND WATER COMPANY was painted on the side of the building (113 East Center Street) facing the alley. According to the 1910 Sanborn™ fire insurance map set for Warsaw, the traction depot was located at 115 East Center Street in the center of that building. The map set shows a “motion pictures” theater in the east end of the building (117 East Center Street). The building standing at that location today appears to be the same building, but with a new façade. The steeple in the background belonged to the First Baptist Church on the northeast corner at East Center and North Indiana streets. The Sanborn™ map set says the steeple was 60 feet tall. The church is no longer there.

The trolley in this view belonged to the Winona Interurban Railway Company. That company was the successor to the Wabash and Winona Railroad that had formed in 1902. The purpose of the original company was to carry passengers between Warsaw and Winona Lake. The new company incorporated in 1905 to connect Warsaw with several other northern Indiana cities via interurban rail lines.

John Inbody used his own photograph to produce this postcard in his Elkhart, Indiana, studio. He was probably the most consistent photographer in Indiana in terms of publishing high quality real photo postcards with interesting scenes. However, he died at a relatively young age in 1915.

Copyright 2005-2016 Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This creative JPG file package is an original compilation of materials and data. The package is unique, consisting of a wide variety of related and integrated components. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.

@Kagurazaka, Tokyo

Taken in 1981-82 with Zorki-4 on Fortepan 400 film, developed in 2009.

Listen some noise from those ancient times

Titus, Lisa, and Michael Hall. Recollections of a Twentieth-Century Odalisque. New York, N.Y.: L. Titus, 1997.

See MCAD Library's catalog record for this book.

intranet.mcad.edu/library

1913 postmarked postcard view the Winona Interurban Railway Station in Goshen, Indiana. This station was located on the northeast corner at South Main and East Jefferson Streets (234 South Main Street). This was the side of the building that faced Main Street. The box sitting on the stool in front of the trolley car had W. I. RY CO. NO. __ printed on the side. It was locked with a padlock.

Several passengers and a few employees were posing for this photograph. The photographer was standing in Main Street at the north side of the intersection. The building extended east to the alley. The passenger waiting room was at the street corner. The freight house was at the east end of the building along Jefferson Street according to the Sanborn™ 1917 fire insurance map set. Baggage carts with freight or luggage were standing on the sidewalk beside the station. When the 1910 map set was being prepared, a florist’s business stood on this corner with a greenhouse next door to the south.

One of the posters at the left edge of the postcard advertised THE OXYGENATOR. This was a widely advertised quack medical device. Inside the station, a poster advertised THE STAMPEDE BY CECIL B. DE MILLE. The name LILLIAN BUCKINGHAM was included at the bottom of the poster. She was the actress who adapted the play for vaudeville and also starred in the production. The KRUTZ—BILLPOSTERS sign on the wall above the vaudeville poster probably refers to C. Krutz who was the billposter associated with the Jefferson Theatre in Goshen.

The expression on the face of the young boy watching through the waiting room window is priceless.

This is a John Inbody photograph (Elkhart, Indiana).

From a private collection.

The full postcard image can be seen here.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/7361835800/in...

Copyright 2005-2014 by Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This image is part of a creative package that includes the associated text, geodata and/or other information. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.

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This link will take you to the Flickr page showing the full print.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/2686443509/in...

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Postcard Description

1908 postmarked postcard showing a huge crowd gathered in the public square at Shelbyville, Indiana. They were there to watch the circus parade. The date was September 6, 1907. This Forepaugh-Sells Circus had been in Fort Wayne on the 2nd. The circus wagon numbers were 91, 56, 52 and 43. Besides all the people and the circus wagons, there were numerous personal buggies and wagons as well. One of the wagons near the lower left-hand corner was a delivery wagon advertising FIVE POINTS GROCER. Most of the owner’s name, __ __LARK, can’t be seen. The 1909 Chadwick history² mentions a “Lester Clark, grocer,” but provides no further information.

This view is looking southwest. The two-story frame building at the left housed four businesses according to the 1905 and 1910 Sanborn™ fire insurance map sets for Shelbyville. Those businesses in 1905 were, from east to west, confectionery, barbershop, harness shop and saloon with pool and billiards in the back. By 1910, the confectionery business had been replaced by a moving pictures business and the saloon replaced by a drugstore. In this scene, the business sign on the left advertised CONFECTIONS, but the name at the top of that sign isn’t quite readable. A 1902 business directory¹ listed a confectioner by the name of A. L. Sparks at this location (43 Public Square). The next sign to the west advertised J. W. WORDEN’S HARNESS SHOP (39 Public Square). The LAW OFFICE sign upstairs includes a single name, but it’s not readable. The 1902 business directory included a listing for a saloon owned by Cheney and Doran next to the harness shop (37 Public Square).

Both map sets identified the store in the southwest corner (35 Public Square) as simply a general store and showed the K. of P. Lodge on the third floor. In this scene, the sign on the utility pole back in that corner advertised MONDAY SEP 2. The remainder is unreadable. The store with the HEADQUARTERS FOR SCHOOL BOOKS AND SUPPLIES banner was identified in both map sets as a clothing store (33 Public Square). Next door, (31 Public Square), the sign advertised JOHN HORST BOOTS & SHOES. Both map sets show a boots and shoes business at this location and the 1902 directory also listed the Horst business at this location. Both map sets show a bank on the corner at West Washington Street (27-29 Public Square). The sign on that building identified it as FIRST NATIONAL BANK. It wasn’t listed in the 1902 directory. Upstairs from the bank was a sign advertising OFFICE OF HOME ADDITION LOTS 2 DOWN ___ WEEK NO TAXES NO INTEREST NO MORTGAGE NO EXTRAS PAYMENTS MADE AT SHELBY NATIONAL BANK T. E. GOODRICH AGT.

At the back of the bank building on West Washington Street, a small sign just above the circus wagon advertised a LAW OFFICE. The name is unreadable, but that sign was at the entrance that probably led to the stairway to the upper floors of the bank building. The address of the two-story brick building west of the bank was 21 West Washington Street. The 1902 directory listed the “Downey & Major” law firm at that address. Two small frame buildings stood next door (23 and 25 West Washington Street). The 1905 map set showed an office and a wallpaper business at those locations, respectively. The 1910 map set showed a wallpaper and a fruit business at those respective locations. The PICTURE FRAMES and WALL PAPER & MOULDINGS signs were at the 25 W. Washington Street address in this scene. Another sign identified the proprietor as CHARLES B. CAGE. The 1902 business directory listed “Lange & Cage” in the wall paper business at that address.

1. Johnson’s Business and Professional Directory (Washington, D. C.: Johnson Publishing Co., 1902). Available online at archive.org/details/johnsonsbusiness190203wash.

2. Edward H. Chadwick, Chadwick’s History of Shelby County, Indiana (Indianapolis, IN: B. F. Bownen & Co., 1909). Available online at ia802704.us.archive.org/0/items/chadwickshistory01chad/ch....

From a private collection.

Copyright 2006-2016 by Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This image is part of a creative package that includes the associated text, geodata and/or other information. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.

@Ushigome, Tokyo

1907 dated postcard view of Main Street in Milford, Indiana. This view is looking south from a point in or just south of the Catherine Street intersection. A large group of people and two dogs have assembled for this photograph. A trolley car is stopped in the middle of the street. A horse-drawn wagon sits on one side of the trolley and a buggy on the other side. An automobile is parked at the curb nearby. There are no readable signs on the east (left) side of the street in this view. However, the barber's pole near the stopped wagon gives us a point of reference. The 1905 and 1910 Sanborn fire insurance map sets for Milford both show a barbershop in the only building in that vicinity with a bay window on the second floor. Both map sets show the post office four doors to the north of the barbershop, possibly the building at the left edge of this postcard view. The 1905 map set show a drug store, a saloon and a grocery between the barbershop and the post office. The 1910 map set shows a “moving pictures” theater, a billiards parlor and a grocery between the barbershop and post office.

The partial sign above and to the right of the trolley car is advertising the location of the MILFORD DRUG CO., located in the second building north of the Emeline Street intersection. A Kosciusko gazetteer lists P. F. MILES & SON as owners of a store selling general merchandise. The building they are in is the CENTRAL BLOCK which was just north of the Milford Hotel. DENTIST J. F. PETERSON prominently advertised his practice via a sign and an awning. His practice was directly across the street from the post office.

From a private collection.

The full postcard image can be seen here.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/6988631961/in...

Copyright 2012 by Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This image is part of a creative package that includes the associated text, geodata and/or other information. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.

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The small size of the above image doesn't do a very good job of presenting the print details. This link will take you to another Flickr page where a close-up section of this print gives a much clearer view of the detail.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/4503407447/in...

An image of the postcard upon which this print is based can be seen here.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/5267205221/in...

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Indiana History Prints

I created my first Indiana History Prints in 2002. The early prints were digital collages based on authentic original antique postcards, advertisements, and other paper items. I have continued to make a few collage prints, but also began creating prints from a few individual postcards and advertisements. All of the prints have been based on items from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. That was the era when railroads already crisscrossed the state and provided the primary means of transporting passengers, freight and the mail. However, around the turn of the century, the interurban system arose and expanded rapidly. The interurban lines and the railroads were competing in some respects and, together, these two rail systems provided excellent service throughout much of the state. Their importance has been memorialized in hundreds of postcard scenes of trains, trolleys, bridges, stations and passengers. Then, just as the interurban system was becoming an integral part of Hoosiers’ lives, the automobile arrived and changed everything. Initially, it displaced the horse-drawn vehicles that were the primary means of local transportation. As roads were improved between communities to accommodate the automobiles, the interurban system began a fairly rapid decline followed by passenger service on the railroads. These changes were well documented by the photographers and postcard manufacturers and by the advertising from that era. The best examples of the postcards and photographs offer some amazing views of that era.

Personal and business communications were changing as well. The telephone was not yet widely available. The Post Office Department began selling the first postal cards at post offices in 1873, but businesses were the primary users. Picture postcards first appeared in Europe and eventually in the U.S. after the turn of the century. Those postcards quickly became a convenient method for personal communication, especially after the postal regulations changed in 1906 to allow messages on half of the back side of the postcard. The postcards were also collectible.

In those days, mail delivery within the state often took no more than a day. Post Office Department clerks processed some of the mail on specially designed rail cars as the trains traveled from one destination to the next. Several postcard scenes from that era show postal clerks standing on the railroad station platforms with mail pouches. A few postcards show the mail cars, but there are very few views of the interiors of those cars.

I am entirely responsible for the creation and production of the prints. They have been produced with care and each element used in the prints looks at least as good as the original. Each print is produced in very small quantities on 100% cotton rag watercolor paper (Hahnemühle Photo Rag®). The paper has a slight warm tone rather than being bright white, making it particularly suitable for printing historical objects. The prints will look good for decades, but need to be matted, framed and displayed behind glass to protect them from physical and environmental damage.

Print Description

c1910 postcard view of an arriving train and waiting passengers at Union Depot in Muncie, Indiana. The depot was located west of Walnut Street on the south side of the L. E. & W. (Lake Erie & Western) Railroad and north of the C. C. C. & St. L. (Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis) Railroad. High Street ended on the north side of the L. E. & W. track behind the depot. The depot is now gone and the land is vacant. The L. E. & W. track is barely discernable in this scene, but the horse-drawn wagon approaching the depot from near the left edge of the postcard was on High Street north of that track. This view was looking northeast, probably from the two-story portion of the C. C. C. & St. L. Railroad freight house on the south side of the tracks. This freight house is shown in the 1902 and 1911 Sanborn™ fire insurance map sets for Muncie.

Baggage carts sat on the depot platform and a large group of waiting passengers watched the train approaching from the east. A pair of horse-drawn wagons waited on the back side of the depot.

The three-story building behind the depot on the east side of High Street is shown in both Sanborn™ map sets as the office for High Street Mills. The company’s elevator and warehouse were next door and hidden in this view by the depot. The business sign on the small building north of High Street Mills advertised F. H. JEROME. The remainder of the sign is unclear, but the 1905-1906 Emerson directory¹ listed Frank H. Jerome as a drayman with a storage business at 827 South Walnut Street.

A sign near the right edge of the print appears to advertise FRED MILLER BREWING CO. Since the company’s Muncie office was at 501 Ebright Street per the 1905 directory, the sign was probably an advertisement. It appears to be on the side of the building shown in the 1911 Sanborn™ map set at 628 South Walnut Street. That building is still in use today on the north side of the railroad crossing.

1. Emerson Directory Company, Emerson’s Muncie Directory 1905-1906 (Cincinnati, OH: Williams Directory Co., 1905). Available online at libx.bsu.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/MunCityDirs/id....

Copyright 2008-2015 by Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This image is part of a creative package that includes the associated text, geodata and/or other information. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.

1912 dated postcard showing the first trolley car to arrive in Crown Point, Indiana. Gary Railways extended service to Crown Point in 1912. This postcard has a partially-readable date of 6-2_-1912. There were a couple of women in the background and two young women next to the car. Otherwise, all of those posing for this historic photograph were men and boys. At least two of the boys were barefoot. Four of the individuals, including the one with the American flag, wore caps that probably signified their employment with Gary Railways.

From a private collection.

The full postcard image can be seen here.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/13397348153/

Copyright 2009-2014 by Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This image is part of a creative package that includes the associated text, geodata and/or other information. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.

1915 postmarked postcard view of the Lake County Court House in Crown Point, Indiana. The courthouse square was bounded by Clark Street on the north, Main Street on the east, Joliet Street on the south and Court Street on the west. This view was looking northwest from the southeast corner of the intersection at Main and Joliet Streets.

The two-story frame building behind the buggy near the left edge of this view was the location of a saloon when the 1905 and the 1910 Sanborn™ fire insurance map sets for Crown Point were being prepared. The building was on the northwest corner of Court and Joliet Streets (115 South Court Street). The two-story brick building north of the saloon housed a grocery in the south half of the building. The awning on that building is partially blocked by a tree, but has GR___RIES AND _____ printed on the awning. The printing on the front edge of the awning may include the owner’s name, but is unclear. Both map sets show a grocery at that location.

On the north side of the square, the visible businesses include the Paul E. Raasch seed and feed store. Part of the RAASCH name is visible along with the words FEED and CEMENT immediately to the right of the courthouse. The 1910 Sanborn™ map set shows the Raasch business in three frame buildings at 112-114-116 West Clark Street, selling seed, feed, cement, plaster and lime. The business sign in this postcard view is on the single-story building just west of the alley at 116 West Clark Street. The printing on the awning east of the alley appears to be G____RIES. The 1910 map set shows this two-story building (110 West Clark Street) with a grocery on the first floor. That building replaced the single-story frame building (and harness business) that is shown in the 1905 map set. The 1910 map set also shows a barbershop east of the grocery in a single-story frame building. A large CADWELL BARBER SHOP sign is visible above the awning at that location (108 West Clark Street). That building housed an unidentified office when the 1905 map set was being prepared. The brick building east of the barbershop is shown on the 1910 map set as a three-story structure with an address of 101 North Main Street.

A working water fountain stood on the southeast corner of the courthouse square. The time on the courthouse tower clock was 12:10.

From a private collection.

The full postcard image can be seen here.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/8137005280/in...

Copyright 2006-2014 by Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This image is part of a creative package that includes the associated text, geodata and/or other information. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.

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The following additional information is provided courtesy of David Enyart from his “Data Base of Indiana Court Houses.”

This was the fourth Lake County Court House. It was in use from 1880 through 1971.

Details: Castle style architecture; National Historic Place

Cost: $52,000

Architect: J.C. Cochrane

Builder: Thomas & Hugh Colwell

Cornerstone: 9/10/1878

Dedicated: 1880

Expansions completed in 1909 ($160,000) & 1928 ($80,000)

In addition to the Circuit Courthouses in Crown Point, there have been several Superior Courthouses in Hammond, Gary, and perhaps East Chicago. The first Hammond Courthouse was a Romanesque structure completed in 1903. This courthouse was constructed for at a cost of $77,000 and had an $118,000 addition in 1910. J.T. Hutton designed this courthouse or the Hammond Federal Courthouse, although he may have designed both.

J.C. Cochrane designed the 1879 courthouse as well as the Porter County Courthouse completed in 1885. The 1879 courthouse remains as a community project with a museum, meeting rooms, shops, and restaurants.

David has compiled additional information for this and the other 91 Indiana counties. Through David's generosity, all of that information can be found at the Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. The web address is www.genealogycenter.info/search_incourthousehistories.php.

www.acstdesign.asia/Recollection

1909 postmarked postcard view of pedestrians and businesses in downtown Rushville, Indiana. The photographer was facing north on Main Street from the northwest corner of the courthouse square. The brick building at the left edge of this scene was on the northwest corner of the Second Street intersection. The 1908 Sanborn™ fire insurance map set for Rushville shows a drugstore (201 North Main Street) and a bank (205 North Main Street) occupying that building. Signs near the drug store entrance advertised KODAKS and CIGARS. The sign leaning against the front of the building advertised the _____S DRUG STORE. The sign above the KODAKS sign advertised the STEVENS & NIPP LAWYERS office.

A 1902 Indiana business directory¹ listed The People’s Bank at 203 North Main Street. This was probably a listing error. The map set shows a stairway entrance (203 North Main Street) between the drugstore and the bank. Another STEVENS & NIPP LAWYERS sign was posted beside that stairway entrance. Online references identify John M. Stevens and Albert C. Stevens as Rushville attorneys early in the 20th century, but the Nipp name wasn’t listed. The 1902 directory listed John M. Stevens at another address. The 1913 Sanborn™ map set shows that plans had been developed to replace this brick building with a new fireproof structure that a bank would occupy.

The sign on the building next door (207 and 209 North Main Street) advertised FOR THE NEXT 10 DAYS 25 PHOTOS 25c. A photography studio must have been located on the second floor of than building, but neither the 1908 nor the 1913 Sanborn™ map set mention the second floor. The sign on the next building (211 North Main Street) advertised a CLOTHIER. The name at the top of that sign is unclear, but it is clearly Frank Wilson on another postcard. The 1902 directory listed L. F. Wilson in the “CLOTHING” category at 201 North Main Street.

Next door, the sign above the entrance (213 North Main Street) advertised JOHNSON’S DRUG STORE. The sign painted at the top of that building advertised JOHNSON DRUGS AND WALL PAPER. (Fred B. Johnson was a Rushville druggist in the early part of the 20th century.) The north half of that same building (217 North Main Street) housed a hardware store according to both Sanborn™ map sets. The 1902 directory listed C. F. Edgerton as the proprietor of a hardware business at that address. That building had two bay windows on the second floor and an IORM (Improved Order of Red Men) sign hanging from the balcony on the third floor. The sign on the next building north (219 and 221 North Main Street) advertised a 99c STORE. Both Sanborn™ map sets show a books and stationery store at this location. The 1902 directory listed the boots and shoes business of John Sparks at 219 North Main Street and W. A. Addison at 221 North Main Street in the “CHINA STORES” category. A 1915 book² listed The Gift Store (proprietor R. H. Jones) selling books, stationery, china and fancy goods in Rushville, but failed to include an address.

1. Business and Professional Directory of Central Indiana (Indianapolis, IN: Union Directory Co., 1902). Available online at openlibrary.org/books/OL22862780M/Business_and_profession....

2. Alexander, Mary M. and Capitola Guffin Dill, ed., Sketches of Rush County, Indiana (Rushville, IN: The Jacksonville Publishing Co., 1915). Available online at openlibrary.org/books/OL6581574M/Sketches_of_Rush_County_....

From a private collection.

Selected close-up sections of this postcard can be seen here, from left to right in the image.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/5107269636/in...

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/5107269526/in...

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/5106672155/in...

Copyright 2010-2014 by Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This image is part of a creative package that includes the associated text, geodata and/or other information. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.

LZOS Jupiter-9 f2.0/85mm

Circa 1910 postcard view of the Blackiston Mill and dam and nearby iron bridge at New Albany, Indiana. According to the Bridgehunter website, the Canton Bridge Company of Canton, Ohio, constructed this iron bridge over Silver Creek in 1888. The bridge collapsed while under repair following a flood in 1963. The Bridgehunter website has a photo of the bridge viewed from the northwest with the mill and dam behind the bridge. A modern bridge carries Blackiston Mill Road over Silver Creek at this site next to the dam today.

The dam was located just east of the iron bridge and the mill was on the north side of the creek adjacent to the dam. The photograph used in the production of this postcard was taken from the south side of the creek with the photographer facing northwest. Several people were visiting the dam and a bicycle was lying on the ground below the bridge.

The Clark County Soil and Water Conservation District completed a watershed management plan for Silver Creek in 2005. The brief history included in the document says multiple mills operated along Silver Creek. The Blackiston Mill and dam were built in 1853. This was the fourth dam upstream from the mouth of the creek at the Ohio River.

A few years after the iron bridge was constructed, the mill owners converted the mill to a dance hall and a park was created on the south side of the creek. According to a notice published in the monthly American Miller and Processor, the mill was sold in 1913.¹ “The Blackiston Mill on Silver Creek, near New Albany, Ind., has been purchased by James A. Morrison, of Louisville, Ky. The Mill has been operated by members of the Blackiston family for many years and is more than 75 years old.” Another postcard from 1922 shows the north side of the mill building with a sign reading, WELCOME, FOURTH DAM INN, JAS. CAPEHART, PROP. MUSIC AND DANCING.

The lettering at the bottom right-hand corner appears to read, PHOTO MASON. This may have been Fred A. Mason, a Purdue University graduate, who was working as a pharmacy clerk at Phau Pharmacy in Jeffersonville in 1901. He was also an amateur photographer. In 1904, he managed to convince his boss to let him start a photography business in the corner of the pharmacy. Mr. Mason became a registered pharmacist in Indiana in 1907. Around 1910, he opened his own pharmacy in Jeffersonville and continued the photography business within his pharmacy at least into the 1920s.²

1. Harley B. Mitchell, Editor, American Miller and Processor, Volume 41, issues 7-12 (Chicago, IL: Mitchell Brothers Publishing Co., 1913). Available online at books.google.com/books?id=sHBFAQAAMAAJ&printsec=front....

2. Ezra J. Kennedy, ed., The Pharmaceutical Era, Volume 49 (New York, NY: D. O. Haynes & Co., 1916). Available online at books.google.com/books?id=WcjmAAAAMAAJ&printsec=front....

From a private collection.

Selected close-up sections of this postcard image can be seen here, from left to right in the image.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/42272214784/i...

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/28122547697/i...

Copyright 2009-2018 Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This creative JPG file package is an original compilation of materials and data. The package is unique, consisting of a wide variety of related and integrated components. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.

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This link will take you to the Flickr page showing the full print.

www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/4172320053/in...

________________________________________________

Print Description

This is a circa 1910 postmarked postcard view of Calhoun Street and the Allen County Courthouse in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The photographer was probably in (or on) a four-story building when he took this photograph. The most likely candidate was a building south of Jefferson Street at 1108-1112 South Calhoun Street. He was facing north and the nearest cross street in this scene was Washington Boulevard.

This postcard scene includes several identifiable business and advertising signs. In the shadows at the lower left was a SCHLITZ BEER sign. Two other signs in that same area advertised a TAILOR and TAILORS. A 1906 Polk business directory listed two tailors in that block, W. C. Cleary at 1026 South Calhoun Street (south of the alley) and Siebler Tailoring Co. at 1010-1012 South Calhoun (north of the alley). The remaining signs in this scene are on the east side of the street.

The courthouse is, of course, the most prominent landmark in this scene, standing between Berry Street on the south and Main Street on the north. Only three readable signs in this scene were located north of Main Street. The largest of the three advertised the H. G. SOMMERS pharmacy. The 1906 Polk directory listed a pharmacist by the name of Mrs. Mary Sommers at 627 South Calhoun Street; a 1911 directory of pharmacists listed Henry G. Sommers as the pharmacist at that address. The pharmacy was in the only four-story building in that block. (The taller five-story building seen in this view was actually north of Columbia Street.) Below the pharmacy sign was a CENTLIVRE advertisement. It may have been on top of the building on the corner. A large vertical CIGARS sign was displayed on that corner building. The 1906 and 1912 Polk directories listed a Riegel cigar shop at this location (631 South Calhoun Street).

The vertical CARPET sign was on the building at the southeast corner of Calhoun and Wayne Streets (901 Calhoun Street). Farther south, a sign advertised L. M. BECK JEWELER. The 1906 Polk directory listed that business address as 911 South Calhoun Street. Below the Beck sign was an ACME BOWLING ALLEYS sign. The 1906 directory listed the bowling address as 913 South Calhoun Street. The 1902 Sanborn™ fire insurance map set shows a bowling alley on the third floor of that building. A jeweler’s trade sign (a oversized pocket watch) was hanging on the front of the building south of the alley. The jeweler’s name, J. H. YOUNG, was on a separate sign. His business was listed in the 1906 directory at 921 South Calhoun Street. That directory also listed FOX, HITE, & CO. as furniture dealers at 923-927 South Calhoun Street (north of Washington Boulevard).

The first sign South of Washington Boulevard was BURSLEY’S HIGH GRADE COFFEE AND TEA. A Bursley's Coffee wagon was parked at the curb. The 1906 directory listed Bursley’s wholesale grocery business at 1011-1017 South Calhoun Street, but they had moved by the time the 1912 directory was published. South of the alley was an EDMUNDS sign. The 1906 directory listed an Edmunds Electric Construction Company with an address at 1019 South Calhoun Street. The remaining signs advertised SIGNS, PENNY ARCADE and SHOOTING gallery. These were all related to businesses north of Jefferson Street.

There were four bicyclists and five streetcars in the scene. The nearest streetcar was on the PONTIAC route. The time displayed on the courthouse tower clock was 1:45.

Copyright 2006-2015 by Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This image is part of a creative package that includes the associated text, geodata and/or other information. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.

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The following additional information is provided courtesy of David Enyart from his “Data Base of Indiana Court Houses.”

Allen County was organized in 1824 and Fort Wayne has been the only county seat. This is the fifth Allen County Court House.

Details: Castle style architecture; National Historic Place

270 x 134 feet

Cost: $817,553.19

Architect: Brentwood S. Tolan

Builder: James M. Stewart & Co.

Supt: Wm H. Goshorn

Cornerstone: 11/17/1897

Dedicated: 9/23/1902

The 1902 Courthouse was built between 1897 and 1902. The interior has been restored to its original magnificence and is one of the most beautiful in the country. It is one of thirty-seven Indiana Historic Landmarks (as of 2010) and is the only courthouse in Indiana so designated. The Courthouse Architect was Brentwood Tolan. The firm of Wing and Mahuran may have assisted with the project.

David has compiled additional information for this and the other 91 Indiana counties. Through David's generosity, all of that information can be found at the Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. The web address is www.genealogycenter.info/search_incourthousehistories.php.

c1910 postcard view of the Doxey Hotel in Anderson, Indiana. The hotel was located on the northeast corner of Main and East Ninth Streets. This view was looking northeast. A bank occupied part of the first floor at the street corner (834 Main Street). A 1902 Indiana business directory identified the bank at this location as the National Exchange Bank. The name on the shop windows north of the bank (left in this view) appears to be FADELY & SON (830-832 South Main Street). However, the 1902 business directory included a listing for James F. Fadley & Son who owned a boots and shoes business at 830-832 South Main Street.

A sign behind the sidewalk railing along Ninth Street advertised J. G. BROCK & CO. TAILOR. Apparently, this business was located in the basement of the hotel. DOXEY BARBER SHOP was painted on the nearest window under the veranda. Neither the 1900 Sanborn™ fire insurance map set for Anderson nor the 1902 directory list a barber at this location.

The BIJOU FAMILY THEATRE, “THE HOME OF ____ VAUDEVILLE,” was located east of the alley (120 East Ninth Street) in a two-story frame building. However, the 1900 map set shows the Park Theatre in a brick building at 120-124 East Ninth Street. (Actually, the theatre is shown at the 124 address with an attached bar at the 120 address.) The 1902 Indiana business directory doesn’t list a Bijou Family Theatre, but does list the Park Theatre at 124 East Ninth Street.

At the street corner, a young boy was sitting on a four-wheel wagon pulled by a goat.

From the collection of Jane Lyle.

Selected closeup sections of this postcard can be seen here, from left to right in the image.

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