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I got published in our national paper 'Hindustan Times' yesterday's Mumbai edition i.e. 13th April, 2019. Yaay :))
The photograph published is this one. I had categorically mentioned in my submission that this was taken at dawn ;-)
accumulating fragments over time
a perception assembled
almost exactly nothing like the tree
but the ineffable impression that remains.
Best viewed large to appreciate the fine details and textures developed through the multiple exposures.
Inspired by the multiple exposure work of Frank Machalowski
title.
out of service.
:)
( FUJIFILM GFX50R shot. )
Honolulu. Hawaii. USA. December. 2019. shot ... 1 / 6
(Today's photo, which has not been announced yet.)
Image.
Blood orange ….. Tuesday feeling.(choose to stay)(feat.Tinashe)
The image of the next novel.
Still would stand all time. (Unforgettable'2)
(It will never go away)
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Profile.
In November 2014, we caught the attention of the party selected to undertake the publicity for a mobile phone that changed the face of the world with just a single model, and will conclude a confidentiality agreement with them.
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
youpic.com/photographer/mitsushironakagawa/
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Interviews and novels.
About my book.
I published a book in old days.
At that time, I was uploading my interview on the net on the net.
That Japanese and English.
I will make it public for free.
Details were explained to the Amazon site.
How to write a novel.
How to take pictures.
Distance to the work.
They all have a common item.
I made a sentence about what I felt, and left it.
I hope that my text can be read by many people.
Thank you.
Mitsushiro.
1 Interview in English
2 novels. unforgettable 'English version.(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)
3 Interview Japanese version
4 novels. unforgettable ' JPN version.
5 A streamlined trajectory. only Japanese.
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
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iBooks. Electronic Publishing. It is free now.
0.about the iBooks.
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
1.unforgettable '(ENG.ver.)(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)
itunes.apple.com/us/book/unforgettable/id1216576828?ls=1&...
2.unforgettable '(JNP.ver.)(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)
itunes.apple.com/us/book/unforgettable/id1216584262?ls=1&...
3. Streamlined trajectory.(For Japanese only.)
itunes.apple.com/us/book/%E6%B5%81%E7%B7%9A%E5%BD%A2%E3%8... =11
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My Novel >> Unforgettable'
(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)
Synopsis.
Kei Kitami who aims at university.
A 6 year old older event companion woman. Meet Kaori Uemura on SNS.
The dream of Kaori who has moved to Tokyo.
It is to be a friend of the artist.
The producer of the radio station for that. The existence of Ryo Osawa was necessary.
Live on the radio.Osawa talks to Kaori.
"I have a wife and a child, but I want to see you."
Kei’s classmate Rika Sanzyou who is thinking of him.
She was searching for Kaori.
※ Supplement
I use Google Translate.
Mitsushiro Nakagawa
All Translated by Yumi Ikeda .
images.
U2 - No Line On The Horizon Live in Dublin
www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oKwnkYFsiE&feature=related
Main story
There are two reasons why a person faces the sea.
One, to enjoy a slice of shine in the sea like children bubbling over in the beach.
The other, to brush the dust of memory like an old man who misses old days, staring at the shine
quietly.
Those lead to only one meaning though they do not seem to overlap. It’s a rebirth.
I face myself to change tomorrow, a vague day into something certain.
That is the meaning of a rebirth.
I had a very sweet girlfriend when I was 18.
After she left, I knew the meaning of gentleness for the first time and also a true pain of loss. After
she left, how many times did I depend too much on her, doubt her, envy her and keep on telling lies
until I realized it is love?
I wonder whether a nobody like me could have given something to her who was struggling in the
daily life in those days. Giving something is arrogant conceit. It is nothing but self-satisfaction.
I had been thinking about such a thing.
However, I guess what she saw in me was because I had nothing. That‘s why she tried to see
something in me. Perhaps she found a slight possibility in me, a guy filled with ambiguous, unstable
tomorrow. But I wasted days depending too much on her gentleness.
Now I finally can convey how I felt in those days when we met.
1/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24577016535/in/dateposted...
2/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24209330259/in/dateposted...
3/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/23975215274/in/dateposted...
4/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24515964952/in/dateposted...
5/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24276473749/in/dateposted...
6/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24548895082/in/dateposted...
7/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24594603711/in/dateposted...
8/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24588215562/in/dateposted...
9/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24100804163/in/dateposted...
Fin.
images.
U2 - No Line On The Horizon
www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oKwnkYFsiE&feature=related
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Title of my book > unforgettable'
Author : Mitsushiro Nakagawa
Out Now.
ISBN978-4-86264-866-2
in Amazon.
www.amazon.co.jp/Unforgettable’-Mitsushiro-Nakagawa/dp/...
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The schedule of the next novel.
Still would stand all time. (Unforgettable '2)
(It will not go away forever)
Please give me some more time. That is Japanese.
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Exhibition of 2021.
Tuesday, May 11-Sunday, May 16
The Kawamura Memorial DIC Museum of Art @ Gallery 1.
place. Sakura City, Chiba Prefecture.
theme.
Ever since that day ...
2022 exhibition.
theme.
So Near, So far.
place. Tokyo Big Site.
Sponsoring. Design festa.
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My Works.
1 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48072442376/in/dateposted...
2 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48078949821/in/dateposted...
3 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48085863356/in/dateposted...
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Do you want to hear my voice?
:)
I updated Youtube.
It is only in Japanese.
I explained comments on photos etc.
If your time is permitted, please look.
:)
1
About the composition of the picture posted to Flicker. First type.
2
About the composition of the picture posted to Flicker. Second type.
3
About when I started Fotolog. Architect 's point of view.
4
Why did not you have a camera so far?
5
What is the coolest thing? The photo is as it is.
6
About the current YouTube bar. I also want to tell, I want to leave.
7
About Japanese photographers. Japanese YouTube bar is Pistols.
8
The composition of the photograph is sensibility. Meet the designers in Milan. Two questions.
9
What is a good composition? What is a bad composition?
10
What is the time to point the camera? It is slow if you are looking into the viewfinder or display.
11
Family photos. I can not take pictures with others. The inside of the subject.
12
About YouTube 's photographer. Camera technology etc. Sensibility is polished by reading books.
13
About the Japanese newspaper. A picture of a good newspaper is Reuters. If you continue to look at useless photographs, it will be useless.
14
About Japanese photographers. About the exhibition.
Summary. I wrote a novel etc. What I want to tell the most.
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I talked about how to make a work.
It's really long, but I want to leave everything, so please ask. (^ O ^) /
Japanese only.
About work production 1/2
About work production 2/2
1 Photo exhibition up to that point. Did you want to go?
2 Well, what is an exhibition that you want to visit even if you go there?
3 Challenge to exhibit one work every month before opening a solo exhibition at the Harajuku Design Festa.
4 works are materials and silhouettes. Similar to fashion.
5 Who is your favorite artist? What is it? Make it clear.
6 Creating a collage is exactly the same as taking photos. As I wrote in the interview, it is the same as writing a novel.
7 I want to show it to someone, but I do not make a piece to show it. Aim for the work you want to decorate your own room as in the photo.
8 What is copycat? Nowadays, it is suspected to be beaten. There is something called Mimesis?
kotobank.jp/word/Mimesis-139464
9 What is Individuality? What is originality?
It is a flow of.
If you have time, please listen.
:)
www.youtube.com/user/mitsushiro/
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Explanation of composition. 2
I used the following cameras.
Nikon coolpix 8700
I defeated two of these cameras.
It was a very nice camera.
I took many photos with this camera.
Today's photo.
It was also taken with this camera.
I explained the composition in detail in the text at the time of shooting.
I have taken a lot of pictures until today.
Among them, this photo is the result of sharpening my sensitivity.
I will explain this composition in a video.
But they are all Japanese.
Is there a Japanese beside you?
Is there anyone who can understand Japanese beside you?
Please have them translate.
I leave an important story about composition.
I hope they will reach many people.
October 22, 2019, midnight.
Mitsushiro.
1.Composition explanation 2 ... 1/4
2.Composition explanation 2 ... 2/4
3.Composition Explanation 2 ... 3/4
4.Composition Explanation 2 ... 4/4
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My shutter feeling.
Today's photo.
It is a photo taken from Eurostar.
This video is an explanation.
I went to Milan in 2005.
At that time, I went from Milan to Venice.
We took Eurostar into the transportation.
This photo was not taken from a very fast Eurostar.
When I changed the track, I took a picture at the moment I slowed down.
Is there a Japanese beside you?
Please have my video translated.
:)
Mitsushiro.
( Nikon Coolpix 8700. shot)
In the Eurostar to Venice . 2005. shot ... 1 / 2
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/49127115021/in/dateposted...
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Miles Davis sheet 1955-1976.
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
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flickr.
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/
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instagram.
www.instagram.com/mitsushiro_nakagawa/
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Pinterest.
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YouPic
youpic.com/photographer/mitsushironakagawa/
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twitter.
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facebook.
www.facebook.com/mitsushiro.nakagawa
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Amazon.
www.amazon.co.jp/gp/profile/amzn1.account.AHSKI3YMYPYE5UE...
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My statistics. (As of May 16, 2019)
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
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Japanese is the following.
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
Title of my book unforgettable' Mitsushiro Nakagawa Out Now. ISBN978-4-86264-866-2
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#Milan #Italy #LUMIX #G3 #FUJIFILM #MothinLilac #MIL #GFX50R #Hnolulu #Mono #Chiba #Japan #Exhibition #Flickr #YOUPIC #gallery #Camera #collage #Subway #street #Novel #Publishing #Mitsushiro #Nakagawa #artist #NY #Interview #Photograph #picture #Hawaii #take #write #novel #display #art #future #designfesta #Kawamura #Memorial #DIC #Museum #Fineart #川村記念美術館 #Manhattan #USA #London #UK #Paris #Kawamura
For insta
#川村記念美術館 #Manhattan #London #Paris #kawamura #Milan #MothinLilac #LUMIX #MIL #FUJIFILM #GFX50R #Honolulu #Fineart #Japan #Exhibition #Flickr #YOUPIC #Camera #Subway #street #Novel #Publishing #Mitsushiro #artist #Photograph #picture #novel #Fineart #future #designfesta
For twitter
#NY #London #Paris #Milan #LUMIX #FUJIFILM #川村記念美術館 #写真 #Exhibition #Flickr #Camera #street #Hawaii #Honolulu #Mitsushiro #artist #Kawamura #designfesta #Fineart
#ミラノ #イタリア #カメラ #写真 #構図 #ニコン #Nikon #coolpix #クールピクス #ベニス #ユーロスター #Eurostar #シャッター #shutter #camera #photo #picture #千葉 #日本 #chiba #Japan #八街 #佐倉
For insta, twitter
#yachimata #chiba #japan #mono #selfportrait #exibition #kawamuramemorialdicmuseumofart #八街 #千葉 #日本 #展示 #川村記念美術館 #写真 #nikon #ニコン #iphone11pro
#yachimata #chiba #japan #mono #honolulu #exhibition #hawaii #kawamuramemorialdicmuseumofart #八街 #千葉 #日本 #展示会 #川村記念美術館 #ハワイ #写真 #アップル #shotoniphone #ホノルル #ワイキキ
#yachimata #chiba #japan #monochrome #honolulu #exhibition #hawaii #kawamuramemorialdicmuseumofart #八街 #千葉 #日本 #展示 #川村記念美術館 #ハワイ #カメラ #富士フィルム #gfx50r #lumix #パナソニック #アップル #shotoniphone #ホノルル #ワイキキ #写真 #吉祥寺 #ライブハウス #クレッシェンド #東京 #bbb #badbabybomb #apple-car #airpodspro #AR
#yachimata #chiba #hawaii #kawamuramemorialdicmuseumofart #八街 #千葉 #川村記念美術館 #富士フィルム #shotoniphone #吉祥寺 #ライブハウス #東京 #bbb #badbabybomb #apple-car
タイトル。
故障中。
:)
( FUJIFILM GFX50R shot. )
ホノルル。ハワイ。USA。 １２月。２０１９年。 shot ... 1 / 6
(今日の写真。それは未発表です。)
Image.
Blood orange ….. Tuesday feeling.(choose to stay)(feat.Tinashe)
次の小説のイメージ。
Still would stand all time.(unforgettable'2)
（いつまでもなくならないだろう）
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プロフィール。
2014年11月、たった1機種で世界を塗り替えた携帯電話の広告を請け負った選考者の目に留まり、秘密保持同意書を結ぶ。
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
youpic.com/photographer/mitsushironakagawa/
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インタビューと小説。
僕の本について。
僕は、昔に本を出版しました。
その際に、僕のインタビューをPDFでネット上へアップロードしていました。
その日本語と英語。
僕は、無料でを公開します。
詳細は、アマゾンのサイトへ解説しました。
小説の書き方。
写真の撮影方法。
作品への距離感。
これらはすべて共通項があります。
僕は、僕が感じたことを文章にして、残しました。
僕のテキストが多くの人に読んでもらえることを望みます。
ありがとう。
Mitsushiro.
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
１ インタビュー 英語版
２ 小説。unforgettable’ 英語版。
３ インタビュー 日本語版
４ 小説。unforgettable’ 日本語版。(この小説は未来のアーティストへ捧げます)
(四百字詰め原稿用紙４５６枚)
あらすじ
大学を目指している北見ケイは、SNS上で、6歳年上のイベントコンパニオン、上村香織に出会う。
上京してきた香織の夢は、有名なアーティストの友達になるためだ。
そのためにはラジオ局のプロデューサー、大沢亮の存在が必要だった。
大沢は、ラジオの生放送中、香織へ語りかける。
「僕には妻子がある。しかし、僕は君に会いたいと思っている」
ケイの同級生で、彼を想っている三條里香は、香織の動向を探っていた。。。。。
本編
人が海へ向かう理由には、二つある。
ひとつは、波打ち際ではしゃぐ子供のように、今の瞬間の海の輝きを楽しむこと。
もうひとつは、その輝きを静かに見据えて、過ぎ去った日々を懐かしむ老人のように記憶の埃を払うこと。
二つは重なり合わないようではあるけれども、たったひとつの意味しか生まない。
再生だ。
明日っていう、曖昧な日を確実なものへと変えてゆくために、自分の存在に向き合う。
それが再生の意味だ。
十八歳だった僕には大切な人がいた。
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
５ 流線形の軌跡。 日本語のみ。
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
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iBooks.電子出版。（現在は無料）
0.about the iBooks.
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
1.unforgettable’ ( ENG.ver.)(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)
itunes.apple.com/us/book/unforgettable/id1216576828?ls=1&...
For Japanese only.
2.unforgettable’ ( JNP.ver.)(この小説は未来のアーティストへ捧げます)
itunes.apple.com/us/book/unforgettable/id1216584262?ls=1&...
3.流線形の軌跡。
itunes.apple.com/us/book/%E6%B5%81%E7%B7%9A%E5%BD%A2%E3%8...
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僕の小説。英語版
My Novel Unforgettable' (This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)
Mitsushiro Nakagawa
All Translated by Yumi Ikeda .
1/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24577016535/in/dateposted...
2/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24209330259/in/dateposted...
3/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/23975215274/in/dateposted...
4/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24515964952/in/dateposted...
5/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24276473749/in/dateposted...
6/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24548895082/in/dateposted...
7/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24594603711/in/dateposted...
8/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24588215562/in/dateposted...
9/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24100804163/in/dateposted...
Fin.
images.
U2 - No Line On The Horizon Live in Dublin
www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oKwnkYFsiE&feature=related
_________________________________
_________________________________
Title of my book > unforgettable'
Author : Mitsushiro Nakagawa
Out Now.
ISBN978-4-86264-866-2
in Amazon.
www.amazon.co.jp/Unforgettable’-Mitsushiro-Nakagawa/dp/...
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次の小説の予定。
Still would stand all time.(unforgettable'2)
（いつまでもなくならないだろう）
もう少し時間をください。それは日本語です。
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２０２１年の展示。
５月１１日 火曜日 ～ ５月１６日 日曜日
DIC川村記念美術館 第１付属ギャラリー。
場所。千葉県佐倉市。
テーマ。
あの日から、ずっと…
２０２２年の展示。
テーマ。
So Near , So far.
場所。東京ビッグサイト。
Sponsoring. Design festa.
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僕の作品。
1 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48072442376/in/dateposted...
2 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48078949821/in/dateposted...
3 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48085863356/in/dateposted...
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あなたは僕の声を聞きたいですか？
:)
僕はYoutubeを更新しました。
日本語だけです。
僕は写真などの解説をしました。
もしも、あなたの時間が許されれば、見てください。
:)
1
フリッカーへ投稿した写真の構図について。１種類目。
2
フリッカーへ投稿した写真の構図について。２種類目。
3
Fotologを始めた時について。 建築家の視点。
4
なぜ、今までカメラを手にしなかったのか？
5
何が一番かっこいいのか？ 写真はありのままに。
6
現在のユーチューバーについて。僕も伝え、残したい。
7
日本人の写真家について。日本のユーチューバーはピストルズ。
8
写真の構図は、感性。ミラノのデザイナーに会って。二つの質問。
9
良い構図とは？ 悪い構図とは？
10
カメラを向ける時とは？ ファインダーやディスプレイを覗いていては遅い。
11
家族写真。他人では撮れない。被写体の内面。
12
ユーチューブの写真家について。カメラの技術等。感性は、本を読むことで磨く。
13
日本の新聞について。良い新聞の写真はロイター。ダメな写真を見続けるとダメになる。
14
日本の写真家について。その展示について。
まとめ。僕が書いた小説など。僕が最も伝えたいこと。
作品の制作方法などついて語りました。
すっごい長いですが、すべて伝え残したいことなので聞いてください。(^O^)／
日本語のみです。
作品制作について 1/2
作品制作について 2/2
１ それまでの写真展。自分は行きたいと思ったか？
２ じゃ、自分が足を運んででも行きたい展示とは何か？
３ 原宿デザインフェスタで個展を開くまでに、毎月ひとつの作品を展示することにチャレンジ。
４ 作品とは、素材とシルエット。ファッションと似ている。
５ 自分が好きなアーティストは誰か？ どんなものなのか？ そこをはっきりさせる。
６ コラージュの作成も写真の撮り方と全く同じ。インタビューに書いたように小説の書き方とも同じ。
７ 誰かに見せたい、見せるがために作品は作らない。写真と同じように自分の部屋に飾りたい作品を目指す。
８ パクリとは何か？ 昨今、叩かれるパクリ疑惑。ミメーシスとは？
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ミメーシス
https://kotobank.jp/word/ミメーシス-139464
９ 個性とはなにか？ オリジナリティってなに？
おまけ 眞子さまについて
という流れです。
お時間がある方は是非聴いてください。
:)
www.youtube.com/user/mitsushiro/
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構図の解説２
僕は以下のカメラを使用していました。
Nikon coolpix 8700
僕はこのカメラを二台使い倒しました。
とても素敵なカメラでした。
このカメラでたくさんの写真を撮りました。
今日の写真。
それもこのカメラで撮影しました。
この構図について、僕は撮影した当時詳しくテキストで解説しました。
僕は今日までたくさんの写真を撮ってきました。
その中でも、この写真はもっとも僕の感性を研ぎ澄ました結果です。
僕はこの構図について、動画で解説します。
しかし、それらはすべて日本語です。
あなたのそばに日本人はいますか？
あなたのそばに日本語がわかる人はいますか？
彼らに訳してもらってください。
僕は、構図について大切な話を残します。
それらが多くの人へ伝わることを望みます。
2019年10月２２日深夜。
Mitsushiro.
1.構図の解説２ ... 1/4
2.構図の解説２ ... 2/4
3.構図の解説２ ... 3/4
4.構図の解説２ ... 4/4
Nikon Coolpix 8700
１ アマゾンの評価
www.amazon.co.jp/ニコン-E8700-J-ニコン-デジタル...
２ ニコンの情報
www.nikon-image.com/products/compact/lineup/8700/
#写真 #構図 #カメラ #イタリア #ミラノ #中央駅 #２００５年 #ニコン #クールピクス８７００
#Photo #Composition #Camera #Italy #Milan #Central #Station #2005 #Nikon #Coolpix 8700
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僕のシャッター感覚
今日の写真。
それは、ユーロスターから撮影した写真です。
この動画はその解説です。
２００５年にミラノへ行きました。
そのとき、ミラノからヴェニスへ向かいました。
交通手段に、僕らはユーロスターを乗り込みました。
この写真は、猛スピードのユーロスターから撮影したのではありません。
線路を変更した際、スピードを落とした瞬間に撮影しました。
あなたのそばに日本人はいますか？
僕の動画を翻訳してもらってください。
:)
Mitsushiro.
( Nikon Coolpix 8700. shot)
In the Eurostar to Venice . 2005. shot ... 1 / 2
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/49127115021/in/dateposted...
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Miles Davis sheet 1955-1976.
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
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flickr.
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/
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YouTube.
www.youtube.com/user/mitsushiro/
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instagram.
www.instagram.com/mitsushiro_nakagawa/
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Pinterest.
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YouPic
youpic.com/photographer/mitsushironakagawa/
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fotolog
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twitter.
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facebook.
www.facebook.com/mitsushiro.nakagawa
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Amazon.
www.amazon.co.jp/gp/profile/amzn1.account.AHSKI3YMYPYE5UE...
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僕の統計。（2019年5月16日現在）
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
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Japanese is the following.
drive.google.com/drive/folders/1vBRMWGk29EmsoBV2o9NM1LIVi...
Title of my book unforgettable' Mitsushiro Nakagawa Out Now. ISBN978-4-86264-866-2
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#Milan #Italy #LUMIX #G3 #FUJIFILM #MothinLilac #MIL #GFX50R #Hnolulu #Mono #Chiba #Japan #Exhibition #Flickr #YOUPIC #gallery #Camera #collage #Subway #street #Novel #Publishing #Mitsushiro #Nakagawa #artist #NY #Interview #Photograph #picture #Hawaii #take #write #novel #display #art #future #designfesta #Kawamura #Memorial #DIC #Museum #Fineart #川村記念美術館 #Manhattan #USA #London #UK #Paris #Kawamura
For insta
#川村記念美術館 #Manhattan #London #Paris #kawamura #Milan #MothinLilac #LUMIX #MIL #FUJIFILM #GFX50R #Honolulu #Fineart #Japan #Exhibition #Flickr #YOUPIC #Camera #Subway #street #Novel #Publishing #Mitsushiro #artist #Photograph #picture #novel #Fineart #future #designfesta
For twitter
#NY #London #Paris #Milan #LUMIX #FUJIFILM #川村記念美術館 #写真 #Exhibition #Flickr #Camera #street #Hawaii #Honolulu #Mitsushiro #artist #Kawamura #designfesta #Fineart
#ミラノ #イタリア #カメラ #写真 #構図 #ニコン #Nikon #coolpix #クールピクス #ベニス #ユーロスター #Eurostar #シャッター #shutter #camera #photo #picture #千葉 #日本 #chiba #Japan #八街 #佐倉
For insta, twitter
#yachimata #chiba #japan #mono #selfportrait #exibition #kawamuramemorialdicmuseumofart #八街 #千葉 #日本 #展示 #川村記念美術館 #写真 #nikon #ニコン #iphone11pro
#yachimata #chiba #japan #mono #honolulu #exhibition #hawaii #kawamuramemorialdicmuseumofart #八街 #千葉 #日本 #展示会 #川村記念美術館 #ハワイ #写真 #アップル #shotoniphone #ホノルル #ワイキキ
#yachimata #chiba #japan #monochrome #honolulu #exhibition #hawaii #kawamuramemorialdicmuseumofart #八街 #千葉 #日本 #展示 #川村記念美術館 #ハワイ #カメラ #富士フィルム #gfx50r #lumix #パナソニック #アップル #shotoniphone #ホノルル #ワイキキ #写真 #成田 #空港 #airport #narita #applecar #airpodspro #AR
#yachimata #chiba #hawaii #kawamuramemorialdicmuseumofart #八街 #千葉 #川村記念美術館 #富士フィルム #hawaii #applecar #ハワイ #空港 #airport #gfx50r
AirPods Pro とChildish Gambinoのニューアルバムを絡めて。
そして、僕のiTunesを少し。
:)
エアーポッズプロのノイズキャンセリングは、結局のところ、どのメーカーに近い性能なのか？
また、その音質とはどんな音楽に合っているのか？
その辺りを熱く語りました😃
Listen to 3.15.20 by Childish Gambino on Apple Music.
music.apple.com/jp/album/3-15-20/1503868246
今年のグラミー賞はこのアルバムじゃないですか？ そのぐらいすごいです😃
Childish Gambino - This Is America (Official Video)
Miles Davis Quintet - Joshua
※動画中、seven steps to heaven にウェインショーターが入ってるような口ぶりでごめんなさい😅
やっちゃいました。このアルバムにはジョージコールマンですね。ごめんなさい😅🙇♀️
このあと、ウェインショーターが加入してきます。
最強だと僕は思っています😃
詳しいレビューはアマゾンに。アマゾンのみなさんには感謝です😃
www.amazon.co.jp/gp/product/B0007RO4YY?pf_rd_r=ZYACCK6B36...
Miles Davis Quintet Live In Europe 1967
E
If you get a chance to check out the Jan issue of Outdoor Photographer and the Feb issue of Popular Photography each has one of my images in it. Popular Photography did a really nice write up on my night photography. Thanks for all the support over the years. I really appreciate it.
❤LOVE SPELL – Gacha Collection ❤♥Queen of Hearts vibes.♦Dangerously cute.Outfit, accessories & décor pieces to build your perfect twisted fantasy look.🎲 3 RARE🎲 15 COMMON👉Some pieces are rare.👉Some luck is cruel.And when the event ends… they’re gone.No reruns. No second chances.Play now… or cry later 😜👉 Only at Gacha Garden📌 LM IN STORE maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Azalea%20Glades/157/201/22
Check it out: media-sl.com/c-yfashion-open-event-gacha-garden-new-round/
Published on Media-SL.com
This photograph was published in an online article in TREEHUGGER (Sustainability for all) on November 3rd 2021.
The article was titled:
'' Why the Dawn Chorus Is Getting Quieter and Less Diverse '' - Changes in bird populations are altering spring soundscapes, By Mary Jo DiLonard and Fact checked by Haley Mast.
©All photographs on this site are copyright: DESPITE STRAIGHT LINES (Paul Williams) 2011 – 2020 & GETTY IMAGES ®
No license is given nor granted in respect of the use of any copyrighted material on this site other than with the express written agreement of DESPITE STRAIGHT LINES (Paul Williams) ©
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I would like to say a huge and heartfelt 'THANK YOU' to GETTY IMAGES, and the 37.492+ Million visitors to my FLICKR site.
***** Selected for sale in the GETTY IMAGES COLLECTION on November 4th 2020
CREATIVE RF gty.im/1283696347 MOMENT ROYALTY FREE COLLECTION**
This photograph became my 4,709th frame to be selected for sale in the Getty Images collection and I am very grateful to them for this wonderful opportunity.
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Photograph taken at an altitude of Twenty metres at 09:15am on Monday 24th March 2020 off Ashbourne Avenue and Chessington Avenue in Bexleyheath, Kent, England.
A pair of nesting Red Robins are keeping me company in the garden, dive bombing the cats and sing at the tops of their lungs each day, which is always a pleasure to hear. Here we see the Male European robin (Erithacus rubecula), also known as the Robin, or Robin redbreast, a small insectivorous passerine bird, more specifically a Chat.
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Nikon D850. Focal length 600mm Shutter speed 1/160s. Aperture f/9.0 iso64 Image area FX (36 x 24) NEF RAW L (8256 x 5504). NEF RAW L (14 bit uncompressed) Image size L (8256 x 5504 FX). Focus mode AF-C focus. AF-C Priority Selection: Release. Nikon Back button focusing enabled. AF-S Priority selection: Focus. 3D Tracking watch area: Normal 55 Tracking points.AF-Area mode single point & 73 point switchable. Exposure mode: Shutter priority. Matrix metering. Auto ISO sensitivity control on (Max Iso 800/ Minimum shutter speed 125). White balance on: Auto1. Colour space: RGB. Active D-lighting: Normal. Vignette control: Normal. Nikon Distortion control: Enabled. Picture control: Auto (Sharpening A +1/Clarity A+1)
Sigma 60-600mm f/4.5-6.3DG OS HSM SPORTS. Lee SW150 MKI filter holder with MK2 light shield and custom made velcro fitting for the Sigma lens. Lee SW150 circular polariser glass filter. Lee SW150 Filters field pouch. Mcoplus professional MB-D850 multi function battery grip 6960.Two Nikon EN-EL15a batteries (Priority to battery in Battery grip). Matin quick release neckstrap. My Memory 128GB Class 10 SDXC 80MB/s card. Lowepro Flipside 400 AW camera bag. Nikon GP-1 GPS module. Hoodman HEYENRG round eyepiece oversized eyecup.
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LATITUDE: N 51d 28m 28.17s
LONGITUDE: E 0d 8m 10.60s
ALTITUDE: 54.0m
RAW (TIFF) FILE: 130.00MB NEF: 90.3MB
PROCESSED (JPeg) FILE: 19.60MB
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PROCESSING POWER:
Nikon D850 Firmware versions C 1.10 (9/05/2019) LD Distortion Data 2.018 (18/02/20) LF 1.00
HP 110-352na Desktop PC with AMD Quad-Core A6-5200 APU 64Bit processor. Radeon HD8400 graphics. 8 GB DDR3 Memory with 1TB Data storage. 64-bit Windows 10. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. WD My Passport Ultra 1tb USB3 Portable hard drive. Nikon ViewNX-1 64bit Version 1.4.1 (18/02/2020). Nikon Capture NX-D 64bit Version 1.6.2 (18/02/2020). Nikon Picture Control Utility 2 (Version 2.4.5 (18/02/2020). Nikon Transfer 2 Version 2.13.5. Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit.
THE BIG PICTURE
LATE HARVEST
This farmer near St. Claude was blowing the snow out the back of the machine December 6th while harvesting corn.
May 24, 2018 - South of Holdrege Nebraska US
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It had been a dry May in south central Nebraska. Moisture if any did come but it was late evening and it was usually along the Nebraska Kansas border this year. Sometimes out of my range depending on the hours they developed.
@ this moment...It was another 60+ miles south and I still had time to catch up to this developing supercell.
The view to my west was captivating. I had to stop and get this. New Polarized lens, which I have NEVER used before was locked and loaded. New tripod to boot. A sunset with the perfect ambit light... Developing storm just to my southwest...
Might as well take advantage of the skyscape while she was talking to me...
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Dale Kaminski @ NebraskaSC Photography
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This image may not be copied, reproduced, published or distributed in any medium without the expressed written permission of the copyright holder.
#ForeverChasing
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WWE2K16 is a fighting game developed by Yuke's Visual Concepts and published by 2K Sports.
To be honest, I didn't know that I'd be getting this; but the WWE had been pushing this latest installment so hard. The promos, particularly the one featuring Austin and the other superstars dropping things in a fire pit is what got me sold.
It's that time of the year. The newest addition to the 2K series has made it's way into my mitts.
Biggest Roster in WWE Video Game History: The biggest roster in WWE video game history! Play as over 120 unique characters and Raise Some Hell with your favorite WWE and NXT Superstars, Divas, Legends and more.
Improved and Refined Gameplay: 2K16's core wrestling gameplay is smoother and more responsive than ever, with thousands of new animations, enhancements in chain wrestling, new working holds and reversals to deliver the most fun and authentic WWE experience to date.
2K Showcase: Relive and play through some of the most iconic WWE matches and moments of all-time in 2K16's single player story campaign, 2K Showcase. Complete objectives to unlock legendary characters, gear, match types, and unlockables from WWE history.
New Creation Suite Features: Utilize 2K's best-in-class Creation Suite to develop your WWE Universe, including options to create, customize and compete with unique Superstars, Divas, Arenas, Shows, Championships and more. Upload your creations and share with the WWE Universe online!
MyCAREER Mode: Define your legacy in MyCAREER competing in epic matches and making critical choices while rising through the ranks from NXT to WWE, to earn a spot in the WWE Hall of Fame. Train, compete against others, and now define your character in personality-driven interviews and through the forging of alliances and rivalries.
3-Man Commentary Team: For the first time ever, WWE 2K16 will feature a 3-man commentary featuring Michael Cole, John Bradshaw' Layfield and Jerry The King' Lawler! With thousands of additional commentary lines in the game this year, 2K16 will feature the most authentic WWE commentary to date.
WWE Universe: WWE Universe has been improved drastically with new core systems to have a richer and more dynamic WWE.
published in February edition of Photomagazine
, 39 points - silhouettes' theme
February 18 2008 49/336
Finally got a better photo of this one. Fabric is Anna Maria Horner LouLouThi Coreopsis.
My pattern in Modern Patchwork 2012
www.interweavestore.com/Quilting/Magazines/Modern-Patchwo...
Published By Strong's Book Store, Albuquerque, N. Mexico / Copyrighted by C.T. & Company, Chicago, Illinois / C.T. American Art Colored. (Curt Teich & Co)
Curt Otto Teich was neither famous nor an “artist”—per se—but his contributions to America’s modern self-image arguably land right at the confluence of Norman Rockwell and Andy Warhol.
Born in Greiz, Germany, in 1877, Curt grew up largely in the scenic medieval castle town of Lobenstein, where his family already had deep roots in the printing trade. Grandpa Friedrich Teich had started a print shop in the town and published a local newspaper, while Curt’s dad, Christian Teich, acquired several additional newspapers in the mid 1800s, along with a publishing company and a printing firm in Dresden. It was Christian, in fact—along with Curt’s older brother Max—who were first to represent the Teich family interests in Chicago. While teenage Curt was still stuck back home with his school work, Christian and Max set off on a two-year business expedition of sorts, arriving in Chicago specifically to grab some inspiration and make connections at the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893. Max didn’t even bother coming home—he got into the hotel business—and while papa Christian returned to Deutschland in 1895, his reunion with a now 18 year-old Curt would be brief. LINK to the complete article - www.madeinchicagomuseum.com/single-post/curt-teich-postca...
Automobile Road on La Bajada Hill on "Ocean to Ocean Highway" near Santa Fe and Albuquerque, New Mexico.
La Bajada Hill, New Mexico - "La Bajada" is Spanish for "The Descent" or "The Drop" and descent or drop it certainly is for it is a drop of about 800 feet from the rim of the mesa to the foot of the hill, which makes a drop of about 1,000 feet to the lowland. The road, one and a half miles long, is one of the marvels of road building in America, for it is cut out of volcanic lava in the face of an almost sheer precipice. It has 23 hair-pin turns, some of them having a very steep grade. In spite of all this, the road is perfectly safe, as all the turns are widened to accommodate the largest automobiles, and those that might prove dangerous have stone retaining walls on the outside to prevent cars going off the road and down the cliff. The trip up or down La Bajada is always remembered by those going to or from the Pacific Coast over the Ocean-to-Ocean Highway.
I'm super excited to share that my snowman image from a couple of years ago was published in this month's National Geographic magazine! So if you see this months edition take a peek!
This woman was sitting at an outdoor table of a small restaurant/coffee-shop on the west side of Columbus Avenue at 73rd Street. It's the first time that I've seen anyone in this particular area (which is near a gym that I usually visit 2-3 times a week) with a laptop, and I was delighted to see that she had a Mac.... and not just any old Mac, but a Mac Powerbook. (But not a MacBook Air :) )
Note: this photo was published in a November 24, 2008 blog posting entitled "Mobile Tech Secrets for Getting Things Done On the Go." It was also published in a Dec 14, 2008 blog entitled "5 Fantastic Blogs To Improve Your Life." It was also published in a Jul 13, 2009 "Pimp Your Mac" blog titled "Pimp my Mail." And it was published in a Jul 24, 2009 blog titled "Step Away From the Computer." For some reason, it was also published as an illustration in an undated (Nov 2009) Mahalo blog titled "Macbook Air Battery" at www-dot-mahalo-dot-com-slash-macbook-air-battery. And it was published in a Nov 20, 2009 blog titled "Breng de klanten service naar de klant." It was also published in a Nov 23, 2009 blog titled "Customer Retention: How to Retain Existing Health Club Clients and Attract New Ones." And it was published in a Dec 4, 2009 blog titled "Every Mum Wrestles With Returning To Work."
More recently, it was published in a Jan 3, 2010 blog titled "Sunday Confessional: I Can't Stop Facebook Stalking My Ex." And it was published in a Jan 22, 2010 blog titled "Best Places with Free Wi-Fi in Metro Detroit." It was also published in a Feb 11, 2010 blog titled "How Healthcare Organizations Can Benefit From Video Campaigns." And it was published in a Feb 14, 2010 blog titled "The Most Useful Bloggers on the Web." It was also published in a Feb 16, 2010 blog titled "Unresolved Obstacles to the Credibility of Online Degrees," as well as a Feb 25, 2010 blog titled Running your "Fitness Business: Online Software vs Desktop Software." It was also published in an undated (Mar 2010) blog titled "8 Ways to Discover New Music." And it was published, sometime in Apr 2010, as an illustration in the "About Me" page of Sarita Li Johnson's blog. It was also published in an Apr 9, 2010 blog titled "Technology Vs. Human Eye: You Decide the Winner." And it was published in an Apr 17, 2010 blog titled "12 Hands-on tips to protect yourself online."
It was also published in an Apr 19, 2010 blog titled EMOBILEにUQ Flat、どれがいい？高速モバイルデータ通信サービスを比較 -- which I've been told means "Ed Yourdon is really an amazing photographer," but I'm not sure I believe it. And it was published in an Apr 22, 2010 blog titled "Gift ideas for working mums," as well as an Apr 22, 2010 blog titled "La intimidad en Internet: el pánico de los padres de la Generación M" (the English-language version of which is Internet privacy: Generation M parents panic." It was also published in an Apr 27, 2010 blog about Facebook's new privacy settings, titled "Facebook, cómo darse de baja," at www-dot-tuexperto-dot-com/2010/04/27/facebook-como-darse-de-baja/ . And on May 12, 2010 it showed up in a Web ad for the movie, "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo."
It was also published in an undated (May 2010) HeartsForU blog , with the same title as the caption that I used on this Flickr page. And it was published in a Jun 7, 2010 blog titled "5 Questions to Ask Before Starting a Small Business Blog," as well as a Jun 8, 2010 blog titled "Zmiana IP na 10 sposobów." It was also published in a Jun 21, 2010 blog titled Is "Blogging for Your Small Business Dead?" And it was published in a Jul 1, 2010 blog titled "2 Things All Content Creators Can Do." It was also published in a Jul 13, 2010 blog titled "Top 15 Countries Where Most Active Bloggers Are Located." And a cropped, horizontally flipped version of the photo was published in a Jul 27, 2010 blog titled "Welcome to the Gig Economy." It was also published in an Aug 12, 2010 blog titled "Women Spend More Time Online," and it was published in an undated (late August 2010) blog titled "Why you need to write in advance (and I do to!)." It was also published in a Sep 14, 2010 blog titled "Cool Top Blogging Subjects Images." And in one of the more bizarre publication examples I've seen on the Internet, the photo was published in a Sep 30, 2010 blog titled " Gillette Venus Original Razor, 1 Razor 2 Cartridges, 1-count Package Reviews." It was also published in an Oct 10, 2010 blog titled "17 laptop computers-17.3″ 17″ LAPTOP BAG NOTEBOOK CASE COMPUTER CARRYING." And it was published in a Nov 14, 2010 COMPARE LAPTOP PCS TABLETS & SMARTPHONES blog, with the same title as the caption that I used on this Flickr page. It was also published in two Nov 18, 2010 blogs, titled 3 Steps To Getting The Ultimate Article Marketing Guide" and "Investing On Internet Marketing Software." And it was published in a Nov 23, 2010 blog titled "The Online Business Opportunity for the New Entrepreneur," as well as a Nov 26, 2010 blog titled "Why Now Is The Right Time To Compare Online Trading." It was also published in a Nov 29, 2010 blog titled "The Truth About What Is Article Marketing." And it was published in a Dec 9, 2010 blog titled "Internet Schools- A Time for Choosing," as well as a Dec 18, 2010 Lifehacker blog titled "Step Away From Your Desk For A More Focused Environment." Also in late Dec 2010, I found that the photo had been published in the "about" page of a site called CafeWorkr.
Moving into 2011, the photo was published in a Jan 6, 2011 Desktopize blog/, with the same title and detailed notes that I had written on this Flickr page. It was also published in a Jan 8, 2011 blog titled "How to Build Your Own Profitable Small Internet Business." And it was published in a Jan 17, 2011 blog titled "How can i get my camera to take pictures like this?" It was also published in a Jan 25, 2011 blog titled "JUSTICE DEPT. WANTS PROVIDERS TO RETAIN INTERNET DATA." It was also published in a Jan 28, 2011 blog titled "7 Blogging Tips for Increased Traffic."
The photo was also published in a Feb 1, 2011 blog titled "Traveling With Your Laptop," as well as a Feb 17, 2011 blog titled "How You Can Make Changes To Your Business Website, Your Way." And it was published in a Feb 27, 2011 blog titled "Best Places with Free Wi-Fi in Metro Detroit." It was also published in a Mar 4, 2011 blog titled "Hi… What would be on your personal software wish list?? and what features wld you want in each? :)?" And it was published in a Mar 24, 2011 blog titled "11 Dos and Don’ts for Dating Online." It was also published in a May 13, 2011 blog titled "What Are Your Prospects Looking for Online?" And it was published in a May 24, 2011 blog titled "How To Achieve Success From Stone Cold Steve Austin." It was also published in an undated (late May 2011) Cafeworkr website "about" page titled "Purpose of Cafeworkr." And it was published in a Jun 1, 2011 blog titled "Blogging Tips: Top 6 WordPress Plugins." It was also published in a Jun 21, 2011 blog titled "Consumerization of IT Challenges Device-Centric ITAM." And it was published in an undated (late Jun 2011) blog titled "Internet privacy: Generation M parents panic." It was also published in a Jul 31, 2011 Compare-online blog, with the same caption and detailed notes that I had written on this Flickr page, as well as an Aug 3, 2011 bog titled "How To Search For A Repeatable & Scaleable Business Model." And it was published in an Aug 28, 2011 blog titled "Facebook vi rende più disinvolte negli approcci?"
Moving into the fall of 2011, the photo was published in a Sep 8, 2011 blog titled "Entidade da UE descontente com a auto-regulamentação de publicidade comportamental on-line." And it was published in a Sep 14, 2011 blog titled "New Rules for Business in the Social Media Age." It was also published in an Oct 5, 2011 Tolle Crazy Computer blog and a Nov 7, 2011 Active-Internet-dot-de blog, with the same caption and detailed notes that I had written here on this Flickr page.
Moving into 2012, the photo wa published in a Jan 12, 2012 Romanian blog titled "Mămici fără griji la service ." And it was published in a Jan 29, 2012 blog titled "Nice Online Dating Secrets of Success Photos." It was also published in an undated (early Feb 2012) blog titled "WIEDEN + KENNEDY TECH INCUBATOR PICKS ITS STARTUP CLASS OF 2011", as well as a Feb 17, 2012 blog titled "Internett og WiFi i Amsterdam." And it was published in a Mar 7, 2012 blog titled "Somebody's Tracking You," as well as a Mar 3, 2012 blog titled "5 Things You Should Never Share on Social Networking Sites." It was also published in a Mar 15, 2012 blog titled "Elo7 faz parceria com editora Globo e lança portal de conteúdo." And it was published in a Mar 21, 2012 blog titled "Internet to rank as 6th-largest economy by 2016." It was also published in an Apr 19, 2012 blog titled "Facebook for eCommerce: It’s About Customer Retention, Not Acquisition." And it was published in an Apr 30, 2012 blog titled "Ask LH: Do I Really Need To Be That Worried About Security When I’m Using Public Wi-Fi?", as well as a May 1, 2012 blog titled "Be in the Office Without Being in the Office." It was also published in a May 3, 2012 I Music News Radio blog, with the same caption and detailed notes that I had written on this Flickr page. It was also published in a May 4, 2012 blog titled "Kaspersky Lab ha elaborado un pasaporte 3.0 para mamás en el que presentan cómo utilizar herramientas de control parental." And it was published in a May 23, 2012 blog titled "Less professor time doesn’t hurt: study." It was also published in a Jun 18, 2012 blog titled "Nikon COOLPIX AW100 16 MP CMOS Waterproof Digital Camera."
Moving into the 2nd half of 2012, the photo was published in a Jul 6, 2012 blog titled "Jobs for Shy People: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly," as well as a Jul 7, 2012 blog titled BUILD YOUR BUSINESS WITH QUALITY ARTICLE MARKETING." It was also published in a Jul 31, 2012 blog titled "22 Top Blogging Tools Loved by the Pros." And it was published in an Aug 28, 2012 blog titled El 51% de los argentinos utiliza Internet como su principal fuente de información." It was also published in a Sep 3, 2012 blog titled "Cool Best Ecommerce Websites images." And it was published in a Sep 21, 2012 blog titled "この先、生き残れるノウハウはこれだ," as well as a Sep 22, 2012 blog titled "Top 5 Blogs for Teachers, You Must Need To Know." It was also published in an Oct 1, 2012 blog titled "How to transfer computer files safely," as well as an undated (early Oct 2012) blog titled "11 Dos and Don’ts for Dating Online." And it was published in a Nov 2, 2012 blog titled "El fenómeno de las madres blogger y otras noticias en nuestro Flash Digital de octubre." And it was published in a Nov 9, 2012 blog titled "Sites de rencontres: La bonne rencontre en ligne, possible?" It was also published in a Nov 14, 2012 blog titled "The New Geography of Jobs." And it was published in a Nov 15, 2012 blog titled "MyGift 15 inch Fascinating Peacock Notebook Laptop Sleeve Bag Carrying Case for most of MacBook, Acer, ASUS, Dell, HP, Lenovo, Sony, Toshiba," with the same detailed notes and comments I had written on this Flickr page. It was also published in a Nov 20, 2012 blog titled "How to write a feature that connects." And it was published in a Dec 3, 2012 blog titled "Do I Really Need to Worry About Security When I’m Using Public Wi-Fi?" It was also published in a Dec 4, 2012 blog titled "Your Employees & Their Online Presence: How Will It Effect Your Brand in 2013?" And it was published in a Dec 14, 2012 blog titled "Nice Do It Yourself Calendar 2013 Photos," along with the same detailed notes I had written on this Flickr page.
Moving into 2013, the photo was published in a Jan 6, 2013 blog titled "Tips And Strategies On How To Be Successful In Article Promotion." And it was published in a Jan 9, 2013 blog titled "Take This Advice And Succeed With Article Advertising." It was also published in a Jan 15, 2013 blog titled "Capital Ideas Digest: 01.15.13." And it was published in a Jan 23, 2013 blog titled "Amazon Prime Is Worth the Price." It was also published in a Jan 28, 2013 blog titled "Nice Social Media Marketing Tips For Small Business photos," as well as a Feb 3, 2013 blog titled "Nice Online Trading Tips photos" and a Feb 3, 2013 blog titled "The Following Steps Can Help You To Market Any Article." And it was published in a Feb 20, 2013 blog titled "Guest Post via PostJoint: Write Drunk; Edit Sober." It was also published in a Feb 26, 2013 blog titled "퓨처워커에게 사업 멘토링 받는 방법#1." And it was published in a Mar 2, 2013 blog titled "Como manter um namoro online." It was also published in a Mar 6, 2013 blog titled "The Price of Nasty by Erica Brown," as well as a Mar 11, 2013 blog titled "Noise vs. Quiet: Which Is Better for Productivity?" I also found the photo in a Mar 11, 2013 blog titled "4 Steps to your Best Travel Insurance Purchase Every Time.," as well as a Mar 18, 2013 blog titled " Online College: Valuable Tool Or Waste Of Your time?", and a Mar 19, 2013 blog titled "Here’s Why Blogging is Not Your Cup of Tea, Wanna Leave? or Stick to it?" and a Mar 19, 2013 blog titled "Finally, Feds say cops’ access to your e-mail shouldn’t be time-dependent." It was also published in a Mar 23, 2013 blog titled "Dating Advice for PlentyOfFish-dot-com., as well as a Mar 27, 2013 blog titled "Online Dating: Yes or No?" And it was published in a Mar 31, 2013 Mashable blog titled "How Vizify Gives Recruiters Context for Your Digital Identity," as well as an Apr 4, 2013 blog titled "The most likely buyer of Nokia or BlackBerry now in talks to acquire NEC’s handset unit." And it was published in a May 1, 2013 blog titled "RESOURCES TO HELP FIND A TRAVEL COMPANION." It was also published in an undated (late May 2013) blog titled "Come trovare lavoro con i social network: cinque consigli utili per cambiare," as well as a May 21, 2013 blog titled "Consumers Can Now Upload Profile Photos for Unclaimed Place Pages." It was also published in a Jun 6, 2013 blog titled "El Consejo De Ministros Aprueba El Proyecto "Emprende En 3"," as well as an undated (mid-June 2013) blog titled "Sites de rencontres: La bonne rencontre en ligne, possible?" And it was published in a Jun 10, 2013 blog titled "10 Rules to Optimize Online Dating." It was also published in a Jun 19, 2013 blog titled "What Is ReMarketing?", as well as a Jul 1, 2013 blog titled "This is why you’re single. The top 3 reasons why your relationship fails." And it was published in a Jul 25, 2013 blog titled "The dangers of dating," as well as an Aug 1, 2013 blog titled "Higher Ed: 7 Things to Consider as You Prepare for the Year." It was also published in an undated (late Aug 2013) blog titled "Protecting Yourself From Identity Theft."
Moving into 2014, the photo was published in a Jan 13, 2014 blog titled "Be More Productive On Social Media With 10 Easy Tips." It was also published in a Feb 25, 2014 blog titled "Guía para el Periodista Freelance (I): Los primeros pasos legales, con Remo." And it was published in an undated (mid-September 2014) blog titled "12 MUST-HAVE BUSINESS APPS FOR THE MOBILE WORKER."
**********************
This is part of an evolving photo-project, which will probably continue throughout the summer of 2008, and perhaps beyond: a random collection of "interesting" people in a broad stretch of the Upper West Side of Manhattan -- between 72nd Street and 104th Street, especially along Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue.
I don't like to intrude on people's privacy, so I normally use a telephoto lens in order to photograph them while they're still 50-100 feet away from me; but that means I have to continue focusing my attention on the people and activities half a block away, rather than on what's right in front of me.
I've also learned that, in many cases, the opportunities for an interesting picture are very fleeting -- literally a matter of a couple of seconds, before the person(s) in question move on, turn away, or stop doing whatever was interesting. So I've learned to keep the camera switched on (which contradicts my traditional urge to conserve battery power), and not worry so much about zooming in for a perfectly-framed picture ... after all, once the digital image is uploaded to my computer, it's pretty trivial to crop out the parts unrelated to the main subject.
For the most part, I've deliberately avoided photographing bums, drunks, drunks, and crazy people. There are a few of them around, and they would certainly create some dramatic pictures; but they generally don't want to be photographed, and I don't want to feel like I'm taking advantage of them. I'm still looking for opportunities to take some "sympathetic" pictures of such people, which might inspire others to reach out and help them. We'll see how it goes ...
The only other thing I've noticed, thus far, is that while there are lots of interesting people to photograph, there are far, far, *far* more people who are *not* so interesting. They're probably fine people, and they might even be more interesting than the ones I've photographed ... but there was just nothing memorable about them. It was also published in a Jun 19, 2013 blog titled What Is Re-Marketing?", as well as a Jun 25, 2013 blog titled "言明してしまうことで自分を規定してしまうこと."
Sunset at Long Jetty. Although there was little cloud, the muted pastel colours were quite striking.
You can also find me on Instagram: tekapa_pictures
...
#Frankfurt#Germany#City#urban#cityphotography#urbanphotography#cityexplorer#exploringthecity#urbanexplorer#street#streetphotography#streetshot#blackandwhitephotography#blackandwhite#bw#bnw#blacknwhite#blackandwhitephoto#bwlover#bwlovers#tekapapics
title.
Live shot 18.
(FUJIFILM GFX50R shot)
Copyright. Moth in Lilac. All Rights Reserved. / mothinlilac.com
live house. ANTI KNOCK. Shinjuku ward. Tokyo. Japan. July 7. 2019. shot ... ... 32 / 68
(Today 's picture, it is unpublished.)
Shooting: Editing: Configuration = Mitsushiro “stealaway” Nakagawa.
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Profile.
In November 2014, we caught the attention of the party selected to undertake the publicity for a mobile phone that changed the face of the world with just a single model, and will conclude a confidentiality agreement with them.
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2019/02/2019-profil...
youpic.com/photographer/mitsushironakagawa/
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Interviews and novels.
About my book.
I published a book in old days.
At that time, I was uploading my interview on the net on the net.
That Japanese and English.
I will make it public for free.
Details were explained to the Amazon site.
How to write a novel.
How to take pictures.
Distance to the work.
They all have a common item.
I made a sentence about what I felt, and left it.
I hope that my text can be read by many people.
Thank you.
Mitsushiro.
1 Interview in English
「interview_eng.pdf」
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2018/08/interviews-...
2 novels. unforgettable 'English version.(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)
「novel_unforgettable_eng.pdf」
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2018/08/interviews-...
3 Interview Japanese version
drive.google.com/file/d/1w5l2hrV5a6lraDiC_Lz2tG_HqatqUCO5...
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2018/08/interviews-...
4 novels. unforgettable ' JPN version.
「novel_unforgettable_jpn.pdf」
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2018/08/interviews-...
5 A streamlined trajectory. only Japanese.
「streamlined_trajectory.pdf」
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2018/08/interviews-...
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iBooks. Electronic Publishing. It is free now.
0.about the iBooks.
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2017/03/about-digit...
1.unforgettable '(ENG.ver.)(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)
itunes.apple.com/us/book/unforgettable/id1216576828?ls=1&...
2.unforgettable '(JNP.ver.)(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)
itunes.apple.com/us/book/unforgettable/id1216584262?ls=1&...
3. Streamlined trajectory.(For Japanese only.)
itunes.apple.com/us/book/%E6%B5%81%E7%B7%9A%E5%BD%A2%E3%8... =11
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My Novel >> Unforgettable'
(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)
Synopsis.
Kei Kitami who aims at university.
A 6 year old older event companion woman. Meet Kaori Uemura on SNS.
The dream of Kaori who has moved to Tokyo.
It is to be a friend of the artist.
The producer of the radio station for that. The existence of Ryo Osawa was necessary.
Live on the radio.Osawa talks to Kaori.
"I have a wife and a child, but I want to see you."
Kei’s classmate Rika Sanzyou who is thinking of him.
She was searching for Kaori.
※ Supplement
I use Google Translate.
Mitsushiro Nakagawa
All Translated by Yumi Ikeda .
images.
U2 - No Line On The Horizon Live in Dublin
www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oKwnkYFsiE&feature=related
Main story
There are two reasons why a person faces the sea.
One, to enjoy a slice of shine in the sea like children bubbling over in the beach.
The other, to brush the dust of memory like an old man who misses old days, staring at the shine
quietly.
Those lead to only one meaning though they do not seem to overlap. It’s a rebirth.
I face myself to change tomorrow, a vague day into something certain.
That is the meaning of a rebirth.
I had a very sweet girlfriend when I was 18.
After she left, I knew the meaning of gentleness for the first time and also a true pain of loss. After
she left, how many times did I depend too much on her, doubt her, envy her and keep on telling lies
until I realized it is love?
I wonder whether a nobody like me could have given something to her who was struggling in the
daily life in those days. Giving something is arrogant conceit. It is nothing but self-satisfaction.
I had been thinking about such a thing.
However, I guess what she saw in me was because I had nothing. That‘s why she tried to see
something in me. Perhaps she found a slight possibility in me, a guy filled with ambiguous, unstable
tomorrow. But I wasted days depending too much on her gentleness.
Now I finally can convey how I felt in those days when we met.
1/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24577016535/in/dateposted...
2/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24209330259/in/dateposted...
3/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/23975215274/in/dateposted...
4/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24515964952/in/dateposted...
5/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24276473749/in/dateposted...
6/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24548895082/in/dateposted...
7/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24594603711/in/dateposted...
8/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24588215562/in/dateposted...
9/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24100804163/in/dateposted...
Fin.
images.
U2 - No Line On The Horizon
www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oKwnkYFsiE&feature=related
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Title of my book > unforgettable'
Author : Mitsushiro Nakagawa
Out Now.
ISBN978-4-86264-866-2
in Amazon.
www.amazon.co.jp/Unforgettable’-Mitsushiro-Nakagawa/dp/...
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The schedule of the next novel.
Still would stand all time. (Unforgettable '2)
(It will not go away forever)
Please give me some more time. That is Japanese.
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2020 exhibition.
theme.
So Near, So far.
place. Tokyo Big Site.
Sponsoring. Design festa.
2021.
Date unknown.
DIC Kawamura Memorial Art Museum attached gallery.
place. Sakura City, Chiba Prefecture.
theme.
From that day, forever ...
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My Works.
1 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48072442376/in/dateposted...
2 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48078949821/in/dateposted...
3 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48085863356/in/dateposted...
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Do you want to hear my voice?
:)
I updated Youtube.
It is only in Japanese.
I explained comments on photos etc.
If your time is permitted, please look.
:)
1
About the composition of the picture posted to Flicker. First type.
2
About the composition of the picture posted to Flicker. Second type.
3
About when I started Fotolog. Architect 's point of view.
4
Why did not you have a camera so far?
5
What is the coolest thing? The photo is as it is.
6
About the current YouTube bar. I also want to tell, I want to leave.
7
About Japanese photographers. Japanese YouTube bar is Pistols.
8
The composition of the photograph is sensibility. Meet the designers in Milan. Two questions.
9
What is a good composition? What is a bad composition?
10
What is the time to point the camera? It is slow if you are looking into the viewfinder or display.
11
Family photos. I can not take pictures with others. The inside of the subject.
12
About YouTube 's photographer. Camera technology etc. Sensibility is polished by reading books.
13
About the Japanese newspaper. A picture of a good newspaper is Reuters. If you continue to look at useless photographs, it will be useless.
14
About Japanese photographers. About the exhibition.
Summary. I wrote a novel etc. What I want to tell the most.
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I talked about how to make a work.
It's really long, but I want to leave everything, so please ask. (^ O ^) /
Japanese only.
About work production 1/2
About work production 2/2
1 Photo exhibition up to that point. Did you want to go?
2 Well, what is an exhibition that you want to visit even if you go there?
3 Challenge to exhibit one work every month before opening a solo exhibition at the Harajuku Design Festa.
4 works are materials and silhouettes. Similar to fashion.
5 Who is your favorite artist? What is it? Make it clear.
6 Creating a collage is exactly the same as taking photos. As I wrote in the interview, it is the same as writing a novel.
7 I want to show it to someone, but I do not make a piece to show it. Aim for the work you want to decorate your own room as in the photo.
8 What is copycat? Nowadays, it is suspected to be beaten. There is something called Mimesis?
kotobank.jp/word/Mimesis-139464
9 What is Individuality? What is originality?
It is a flow of.
If you have time, please listen.
:)
www.youtube.com/user/mitsushiro/
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Miles Davis sheet 1955-1976.
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2019/05/post-70842e...
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flickr.
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/
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YouTube.
www.youtube.com/user/mitsushiro/
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instagram.
www.instagram.com/mitsushiro_nakagawa/
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Pinterest.
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YouPic
youpic.com/photographer/mitsushironakagawa/
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fotolog
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twitter.
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facebook.
www.facebook.com/mitsushiro.nakagawa
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My statistics. (As of May 16, 2019)
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2019/05/post-199d28...
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Japanese is the following.
Title of my book unforgettable' Mitsushiro Nakagawa Out Now. ISBN978-4-86264-866-2
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#新宿 #Manhattan #USA #London #UK #Paris #アンチノック #Milan #Italy #LUMIX #G3 #FUJIFILM #MothinLilac #MIL #GFX50R #B&W #Mono #Chiba #Japan #Exhibition #Flickr #YOUPIC #gallery #Camera #collage #Subway #street #Novel #Publishing #Mitsushiro #Nakagawa #artist #NY #Interview #Photograph #picture #How #take #write #novel #display #art #future #designfesta #Kawamura #Memorial #DIC #Museum #Fineart
For insta
#新宿 #Manhattan #London #Paris #アンチノック #Milan #MothinLilac #LUMIX #MIL #FUJIFILM #GFX50R #B&W #Fineart #Japan #Exhibition #Flickr #YOUPIC #Camera #Subway #street #Novel #Publishing #Mitsushiro #artist #Photograph #picture #novel #Fineart #future #designfesta
For twitter
#NY #London #Paris #Milan #LUMIX #FUJIFILM #新宿 #B&W #Exhibition #Flickr #Camera #street #MIL #MothinLilac #Mitsushiro #artist #アンチノック #designfesta #Fineart
タイトル。
Live shot 18.
( FUJIFILM GFX50R shot )
Copyright. Moth in Lilac. All Rights Reserved. / mothinlilac.com
ライブハウス。アンチノック。新宿区。東京。日本。 7月7日。2019. shot ... ... 32 / 68
(Today 's picture, it is unpublished.)
撮影：編集：構成 ＝ Mitsushiro “stealaway” Nakagawa.
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プロフィール。
2014年11月、たった1機種で世界を塗り替えた携帯電話の広告を請け負った選考者の目に留まり、秘密保持同意書を結ぶ。
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2019/02/2019-profil...
youpic.com/photographer/mitsushironakagawa/
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インタビューと小説。
僕の本について。
僕は、昔に本を出版しました。
その際に、僕のインタビューをPDFでネット上へアップロードしていました。
その日本語と英語。
僕は、無料でを公開します。
詳細は、アマゾンのサイトへ解説しました。
小説の書き方。
写真の撮影方法。
作品への距離感。
これらはすべて共通項があります。
僕は、僕が感じたことを文章にして、残しました。
僕のテキストが多くの人に読んでもらえることを望みます。
ありがとう。
Mitsushiro.
１ インタビュー 英語版
「interview_eng.pdf」
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2018/08/interviews-...
２ 小説。unforgettable’ 英語版。
「novel_unforgettable_eng.pdf」
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2018/08/interviews-...
３ インタビュー 日本語版
drive.google.com/file/d/1w5l2hrV5a6lraDiC_Lz2tG_HqatqUCO5...
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2018/08/interviews-...
４ 小説。unforgettable’ 日本語版。(この小説は未来のアーティストへ捧げます)
(四百字詰め原稿用紙４５６枚)
あらすじ
大学を目指している北見ケイは、SNS上で、6歳年上のイベントコンパニオン、上村香織に出会う。
上京してきた香織の夢は、有名なアーティストの友達になるためだ。
そのためにはラジオ局のプロデューサー、大沢亮の存在が必要だった。
大沢は、ラジオの生放送中、香織へ語りかける。
「僕には妻子がある。しかし、僕は君に会いたいと思っている」
ケイの同級生で、彼を想っている三條里香は、香織の動向を探っていた。。。。。
本編
人が海へ向かう理由には、二つある。
ひとつは、波打ち際ではしゃぐ子供のように、今の瞬間の海の輝きを楽しむこと。
もうひとつは、その輝きを静かに見据えて、過ぎ去った日々を懐かしむ老人のように記憶の埃を払うこと。
二つは重なり合わないようではあるけれども、たったひとつの意味しか生まない。
再生だ。
明日っていう、曖昧な日を確実なものへと変えてゆくために、自分の存在に向き合う。
それが再生の意味だ。
十八歳だった僕には大切な人がいた。
「novel_unforgettable_jpn.pdf」
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2018/08/interviews-...
５ 流線形の軌跡。 日本語のみ。
「streamlined_trajectory.pdf」
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2018/08/interviews-...
_________________________________
_________________________________
iBooks.電子出版。（現在は無料）
0.about the iBooks.
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2017/03/about-digit...
1.unforgettable’ ( ENG.ver.)(This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)
itunes.apple.com/us/book/unforgettable/id1216576828?ls=1&...
For Japanese only.
2.unforgettable’ ( JNP.ver.)(この小説は未来のアーティストへ捧げます)
itunes.apple.com/us/book/unforgettable/id1216584262?ls=1&...
3.流線形の軌跡。
itunes.apple.com/us/book/%E6%B5%81%E7%B7%9A%E5%BD%A2%E3%8...
_________________________________
_________________________________
僕の小説。英語版
My Novel Unforgettable' (This book is Dedicated to the future artist.)
Mitsushiro Nakagawa
All Translated by Yumi Ikeda .
1/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24577016535/in/dateposted...
2/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24209330259/in/dateposted...
3/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/23975215274/in/dateposted...
4/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24515964952/in/dateposted...
5/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24276473749/in/dateposted...
6/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24548895082/in/dateposted...
7/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24594603711/in/dateposted...
8/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24588215562/in/dateposted...
9/9
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/24100804163/in/dateposted...
Fin.
images.
U2 - No Line On The Horizon Live in Dublin
www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oKwnkYFsiE&feature=related
_________________________________
_________________________________
Title of my book > unforgettable'
Author : Mitsushiro Nakagawa
Out Now.
ISBN978-4-86264-866-2
in Amazon.
www.amazon.co.jp/Unforgettable’-Mitsushiro-Nakagawa/dp/...
_________________________________
_________________________________
次の小説の予定。
Still would stand all time.(unforgettable'2)
（いつまでもなくならないだろう）
もう少し時間をください。それは日本語です。
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２０２０年の展示。
テーマ。
So Near , So far.
場所。東京ビッグサイト。
Sponsoring. Design festa.
２０２１年。
日時未定。
DIC川村記念美術館付属ギャラリー。
場所。千葉県佐倉市。
テーマ。
あの日から、ずっと…
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僕の作品。
1 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48072442376/in/dateposted...
2 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48078949821/in/dateposted...
3 www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/48085863356/in/dateposted...
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あなたは僕の声を聞きたいですか？
:)
僕はYoutubeを更新しました。
日本語だけです。
僕は写真などの解説をしました。
もしも、あなたの時間が許されれば、見てください。
:)
1
フリッカーへ投稿した写真の構図について。１種類目。
2
フリッカーへ投稿した写真の構図について。２種類目。
3
Fotologを始めた時について。 建築家の視点。
4
なぜ、今までカメラを手にしなかったのか？
5
何が一番かっこいいのか？ 写真はありのままに。
6
現在のユーチューバーについて。僕も伝え、残したい。
7
日本人の写真家について。日本のユーチューバーはピストルズ。
8
写真の構図は、感性。ミラノのデザイナーに会って。二つの質問。
9
良い構図とは？ 悪い構図とは？
10
カメラを向ける時とは？ ファインダーやディスプレイを覗いていては遅い。
11
家族写真。他人では撮れない。被写体の内面。
12
ユーチューブの写真家について。カメラの技術等。感性は、本を読むことで磨く。
13
日本の新聞について。良い新聞の写真はロイター。ダメな写真を見続けるとダメになる。
14
日本の写真家について。その展示について。
まとめ。僕が書いた小説など。僕が最も伝えたいこと。
作品の制作方法などついて語りました。
すっごい長いですが、すべて伝え残したいことなので聞いてください。(^O^)／
日本語のみです。
作品制作について 1/2
作品制作について 2/2
１ それまでの写真展。自分は行きたいと思ったか？
２ じゃ、自分が足を運んででも行きたい展示とは何か？
３ 原宿デザインフェスタで個展を開くまでに、毎月ひとつの作品を展示することにチャレンジ。
４ 作品とは、素材とシルエット。ファッションと似ている。
５ 自分が好きなアーティストは誰か？ どんなものなのか？ そこをはっきりさせる。
６ コラージュの作成も写真の撮り方と全く同じ。インタビューに書いたように小説の書き方とも同じ。
７ 誰かに見せたい、見せるがために作品は作らない。写真と同じように自分の部屋に飾りたい作品を目指す。
８ パクリとは何か？ 昨今、叩かれるパクリ疑惑。ミメーシスとは？
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ミメーシス
https://kotobank.jp/word/ミメーシス-139464
９ 個性とはなにか？ オリジナリティってなに？
おまけ 眞子さまについて
という流れです。
お時間がある方は是非聴いてください。
:)
www.youtube.com/user/mitsushiro/
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Miles Davis sheet 1955-1976.
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2019/05/post-70842e...
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flickr.
www.flickr.com/photos/stealaway/
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YouTube.
www.youtube.com/user/mitsushiro/
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instagram.
www.instagram.com/mitsushiro_nakagawa/
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Pinterest.
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YouPic
youpic.com/photographer/mitsushironakagawa/
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fotolog
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twitter.
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facebook.
www.facebook.com/mitsushiro.nakagawa
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僕の統計。（2019年5月16日現在）
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2019/05/post-199d28...
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「日本の経営者は奇跡的無能」
stealaway.cocolog-nifty.com/stealaway/2019/06/post-926bf5...
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Japanese is the following.
Title of my book unforgettable' Mitsushiro Nakagawa Out Now. ISBN978-4-86264-866-2
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#新宿 #Manhattan #USA #London #UK #Paris #アンチノック #Milan #Italy #LUMIX #G3 #FUJIFILM #MothinLilac #MIL #GFX50R #B&W #Mono #Chiba #Japan #Exhibition #Flickr #YOUPIC #gallery #Camera #collage #Subway #street #Novel #Publishing #Mitsushiro #Nakagawa #artist #NY #Interview #Photograph #picture #How #take #write #novel #display #art #future #designfesta #Kawamura #Memorial #DIC #Museum #Fineart
For insta
#新宿 #Manhattan #London #Paris #アンチノック #Milan #MothinLilac #LUMIX #MIL #FUJIFILM #GFX50R #B&W #Fineart #Japan #Exhibition #Flickr #YOUPIC #Camera #Subway #street #Novel #Publishing #Mitsushiro #artist #Photograph #picture #novel #Fineart #future #designfesta
For twitter
#NY #London #Paris #Milan #LUMIX #FUJIFILM #新宿 #B&W #Exhibition #Flickr #Camera #street #MIL #MothinLilac #Mitsushiro #artist #アンチノック #designfesta #Fineart
『新しい風は、いつも地下から吹いてくる』 ～ モスインライラックの活動休止に添えて ～
３０年ほど前、空前のバンドブームというのがメディアを席巻した。
ド下手で、リズムすらろくにキープできないようなバンドが、音楽の中身なども関係なくもてはやされ、身ぐるみを剥ぎ取られるようにして消費され尽くした。
まだ２０代前半だった僕にも理解できるド下手バンドが、なぜ評価を得られたのか。技術や楽曲の力ではなく、メディアの空気そのものに煽られ、バンドの名が知れ渡ってゆく。
「所詮音楽とは、ショービジネスさ」
大昔、ソロになったばかりのポールウェラーが或るインタビューでそう話していた。
音楽とは、金の成る木だ。金さえあれば、バンバン広告打って、いくらでも制覇できる。
しかし、それは束の間の出来事で、継続は決してされない。
バンドブームがまさにその良い例で、脳のない、センスのないバンドはやっぱり淘汰されていった。
そんななかで、僕が東京に居た頃に記憶に残っているのは、Xとルナシーだ。
このふたつのバンドは、当時のライブハウスでも名を馳せた。
僕がアルバイトしていたレンタルレコード屋さんにもやはりバンドやってる方がいて、Xといっしょにステージに立ったと熱く語っていた。
自分のバンドとはまるで比較にならないほどの技術、演奏力、表現力で、足元にも及ばなかったようだ。
しかし、彼はそれを自分のことのようにとても楽しく話していた。
ルナシーについてもやはり僕がバイトしていた別のレコード屋さんで、追っかけをしている女の子（すごく可愛い:)）がいて、やはり夢中になってバンドの良さを語っていた。
前者のバンドと後者のバンドの差は、血が通ってるかどうかだと思う。
上っ面だけで体裁よくコマーシャルに形成されたバンドと、小さなハコから叩かれて、のし上がってきたバンド。
どちらが本物かどうかは、僕がここに書くまでもなく、この現時点で結果は出ている。
もちろん、モスインライラックは後者にあたる。
モスインライラックは、この約６年間を走り抜けてきた。
ただ僕が知っているのはこの一ヶ月間程度のことであって、それ以前についてはユーチューブでしか知らない。
途中、メンバーチェンジがあり、現在のメンバーで固めるまで、おそらく大変だったと思う。
僕が今回撮ることになったのは、東京ビッグサイトのデザインフェスタで、マネージャーさんが僕の展示に足を止めたことだ。
マネージャーさんは、開口一番、こう言った。
『構図が違う』
僕の作品を見て、この一言を言うのは、美大生と広告会社関係、ギャラリー関係の方がほとんどで、バンド関係はいっさいなかった。
マネージャーさんは、『うちのバンド、撮っていただけませんか？』と丁寧に話された。
スマフォでモスインライラックのPVを観て、曲を聴き、普通にかっこいいと思った。
実はあまり報告はしていなかったけれども、ときどき、ビッグサイトでゴスロリ系の女子が僕の作品に足を止めてくれていた。
彼女たちはなぜかとても華奢で、色白であり、愛らしい。ぱっと見、被写体としては申し分ないのだけれども、なぜかそれ以上に僕からは踏み込めなかった。
僕はマネージャーさんと別れてから、もう一度、自宅でゆっくりモスインライラックの映像や楽曲などをチェックし直した。
僕のサイトを見てる方はご存知のように、この手のロックはいつも写真のテーマに合わせて採用していない。
僕の写真にはやはり合わない。なので、僕は撮影について辞退しようかとちょっと考え込んだ、ということはいっさいなく、ぜひ、やってみたいと思った。
僕は音楽とは音がすべてだと思っている。
PVなど他の飾りはいっさい要らない。
楽曲を聴いて、ピンとくれば関心を持つし、ピンとこなければまるで無関心。こんな状況で、
モスインライラックの音楽を僕は何度も聴いて1回目の撮影に臨んだ。
CDやストリーミングなどとは異なり、実際のライブはグルーブ感がまるで違う。
バンドのうねりというのは、そう簡単には生み出せない。
白を黒に変色する力。これはそう簡単には表現できない。場数がすべてを支配する。そのぐらい書いても過言ではない。
役人の机上の論理がクソに思えるのはここにある。
日常の退屈を、一瞬で塗り替えることができる。これがバンドの存在意義だ。
退屈でなければ悲惨な事故や事件は減るだろう、僕はずっとこの考えを根底に持っている。
だからこそ、アートは大切なのだ。
だれかの悲しみや痛みを拭い、楽しさや元気に変える。
これが音楽であり、アートだと真剣に思う。
２０１９年１１月１日を持って、モスインライラックは休止する。
けれども、バンドのメンバーがそれぞれの意思を持って、活動し続けるようだ。
僕はこのバンドに関われて、とても光栄でした。
ライブハウス。ハコ。
ここからすべてが始まる。
昔、僕が知ってるミュージシャンがこう話していたことを今でも僕の胸に秘めている。
『新しい風は、いつも地下から吹いてくる』
僕がこのバンドを知ったのは、最後の数ヶ月だけれども、出会えて、ほんとうによかったと思っています。
ありがとうございました。
みなさんの今後の活躍を期待しています。
２０１９年８月１２日 深夜。
Mitsushiro Nakagawa.
補足
動画も追加しました。
:)
補足
今回の駐車場は、ここです。
:)
www.google.com/maps/place/ユアー・パーキング+吉...
ここの駐車場は、むちゃくちゃ安かったです。
:)
クレッシェンドと駐車場の間に木材屋さんがあるのですが、そこでアイス屋兼たい焼き屋兼なんでも屋さんみたいな車が来ていて、そこで売られていた自家製カスピ海アイスがおいしかったです(^O^)／
E
© Manuel Orero
All rights reserved
Todos los derechos reservados
Any of the images published in this Flickr are registered. Use without consent on my part of it, will report the complaint to the registration of intellectual property.
Any photographs published in this Flickr are for sale on my website or by contacting orerofotografia@gmail.com
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Cualquiera de las fotografías publicadas en este Flickr, están a la venta en mi sitio web, o bien contactando en orerofotografia@gmail.com
Cualquiera de las imágenes publicadas en este Flickr, estan registradas. El uso sin consentimiento por mi parte de ellas, reportará la denuncia al registro de propiedad intelectual.
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Livestock - Calving
Herd vaccinations, early testing and management are key to controlling calfhood diarrhea.
Published in VEUX Magazine issue 22!
Model: Alexandra Moerdomo
Makeup and Hair: Taryn Hart
Wardrobe Designer and Styling: Devon Yan from DEVONATION
The f/D website publishes an artist feature from me and my pinhole photos. fslashd.com
Web: csaba-kovacs.com
Centro Habana
January 2017
Habana, Cuba
© 2017 LEROE24FOTOS.COM
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
THIS MATERIAL MAY NOT BE PUBLISHED,
BROADCAST, REWRITTEN OR REDISTRIBUTED.
You can also find me on Instagram: tekapa_pictures
...
#Frankfurt#Germany#City#urban#cityphotography#urbanphotography#cityexplorer#exploringthecity#urbanexplorer#street#streetphotography#streetshot#blackandwhitephotography#blackandwhite#bw#bnw#blacknwhite#blackandwhitephoto#bwlover#bwlovers#tekapapics
My abstract work was published last week in Advanced Images Travelution.
Advanced Images Issue 75 with theme of the month ABSTRACT UNLIMITED is ready for download via this link
www.dropbox.com/s/75rduhzxmcwiz66/AdvancedImages75_Online...
Published theme Smiling (to the) world
www.photologio.gr/photo-travelers/smiling-to-the-world/
September 2021
Opportunities to get out and make new pictures are, of necessity, limited during the COVID-19 outbreak so, from 1st April 2020, I've been hunting through my archives to find images taken on the same date in previous years. I've tried to choose eight each day. They've mostly not been published here before and potentially cover the period 1980-2020. I hope you enjoy them.
Published Photographic Mercadillo
www.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=PhotographicMercadillo...
February 2021
theme "Balkans" published PHmuseum
phmuseum.com/stefanos.../story/balkans-b0e2ae7987
December 2021
Published PrivatePhotoReview
www.privatephotoreview.com/2022/10/guca-trumpet-festival/
November 2022
Published article Photologio.gr
www.photologio.gr/photo-travelers/to-xwrio-olwn-mas-to-xw...
March 20024
In 2012 Charles A. Peabody published, "The Privileged Addict". The story tracks his descent into chronic drug addiction and the crippling depressions that ensued during periods of sobriety. He wrote the book to detail the specific set of spiritual actions that changed him forever.
- Put a drug in front of me and I turn into a dumpster, consuming everything in sight. I can't stop. Nothing can stop me. Mom can't stop me. Doctors can't stop me. Pills can't stop me. Nothing human or man-made can stop me. I'm screwed. And yes I know it's wrong and I'll ruin everything, but I don't care. Even if I do care and I don't want to lose my wife, job, family, savings... I go get high anyway. That's how selfish I am. After 15 years of chronic addiction, I wanted to get better but couldn't. I had no power and no solution. Getting physically sober would just send me into a crippling depression. I wasn't okay with or without drugs until one night, up North, when I had a profound spiritual experience. I was equipped with a set of actions that saved my life and have brought untold miracles. I am recovered. I wrote this story to dispel the old cliche that people don't change. People do change. I am living proof." -
Macro Mondays - retake
StoneRhymingZone
Methadone
Published in this months Practical Photography magazine! April 2020. Original www.flickr.com/photos/97833073@N05/49182722178/in/datetak...
One last shot of Tubby and also I wanted to include an article about him that was published on a UK online site. It calls him Chubby because I changed his name to Tubby after I sent in the article! As my dear friend Roberta (Nature's Poetry) said, it is a nice obituary for my little friend!
Here's the link to the photos and article:
www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2072429/Hes-nuts-corn-co...
Johanna Constantine (Future Feminism)
Webster Hall
New York City
September 7th, 2014
© 2014 LEROE24FOTOS.COM
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
THIS MATERIAL MAY NOT BE PUBLISHED,
BROADCAST, REWRITTEN OR REDISTRIBUTED.
The Postcard
A postally unused postcard that was published by Fotofolio of Box 661, Canal Sta., NY, NY. The photography was by Rollie McKenna. The card has a divided back.
Dylan Thomas
Dylan Marlais Thomas, who was born in Swansea on the 27th. October 1914, was a Welsh poet and writer whose works include the poems 'Do not go Gentle Into That Good Night' and 'And Death Shall Have No Dominion.'
Dylan's other work included 'Under Milk Wood' as well as stories and radio broadcasts such as 'A Child's Christmas in Wales' and 'Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog'.
He became widely popular in his lifetime, and remained so after his death at the age of 39 in New York City. By then he had acquired a reputation, which he had encouraged, as a roistering, drunken and doomed poet.
In 1931, when he was 16, Thomas, an undistinguished pupil, left school to become a reporter for the South Wales Daily Post, only to leave under pressure 18 months later.
Many of his works appeared in print while he was still a teenager. In 1934, the publication of 'Light Breaks Where no Sun Shines' caught the attention of the literary world.
While living in London, Thomas met Caitlin Macnamara. They married in 1937, and had three children: Llewelyn, Aeronwy and Colm.
Thomas came to be appreciated as a popular poet during his lifetime, though he found it hard to earn a living as a writer. He began augmenting his income with reading tours and radio broadcasts. His radio recordings for the BBC during the late 1940's brought him to the public's attention, and he was frequently used by the BBC as an accessible voice of the literary scene.
Thomas first travelled to the United States in the 1950's. His readings there brought him a degree of fame, while his erratic behaviour and drinking worsened. His time in the United States cemented his legend, however, and he went on to record to vinyl such works as 'A Child's Christmas in Wales'.
During his fourth trip to New York in 1953, Thomas became gravely ill and fell into a coma. He died on the 9th. November 1953, and his body was returned to Wales. On the 25th. November 1953, he was laid to rest in St Martin's churchyard in Laugharne, Carmarthenshire.
Although Thomas wrote exclusively in the English language, he has been acknowledged as one of the most important Welsh poets of the 20th century. He is noted for his original, rhythmic and ingenious use of words and imagery. He is regarded by many as one of the great modern poets, and he still remains popular with the public.
-- Dylan Thomas - The Early Years
Dylan was born at 5 Cwmdonkin Drive, the son of Florence Hannah (née Williams; 1882–1958), a seamstress, and David John Thomas (1876–1952), a teacher. His father had a first-class honours degree in English from University College, Aberystwyth and ambitions to rise above his position teaching English literature at the local grammar school.
Thomas had one sibling, Nancy Marles (1906–1953), who was eight years his senior. The children spoke only English, though their parents were bilingual in English and Welsh, and David Thomas gave Welsh lessons at home.
Thomas's father chose the name Dylan, which means 'Son of the Sea', after Dylan ail Don, a character in The Mabinogion. Dylan's middle name, Marlais, was given in honour of his great-uncle, William Thomas, a Unitarian minister and poet whose bardic name was Gwilym Marles.
Dylan caused his mother to worry that he might be teased as the 'Dull One.' When he broadcast on Welsh BBC, early in his career, he was introduced using this pronunciation. Thomas favoured the Anglicised pronunciation, and gave instructions that it should be spoken as 'Dillan.'
The red-brick semi-detached house at 5 Cwmdonkin Drive (in the respectable area of the Uplands), in which Thomas was born and lived until he was 23, had been bought by his parents a few months before his birth.
Dylan's childhood featured regular summer trips to the Llansteffan Peninsula, a Welsh-speaking part of Carmarthenshire, where his maternal relatives were the sixth generation to farm there.
In the land between Llangain and Llansteffan, his mother's family, the Williamses and their close relatives, worked a dozen farms with over a thousand acres between them. The memory of Fernhill, a dilapidated 15-acre farm rented by his maternal aunt, Ann Jones, and her husband, Jim, is evoked in the 1945 lyrical poem 'Fern Hill', but is portrayed more accurately in his short story, 'The Peaches'.
Thomas had bronchitis and asthma in childhood, and struggled with these throughout his life. He was indulged by his mother and enjoyed being mollycoddled, a trait he carried into adulthood, and he was skilful in gaining attention and sympathy.
Thomas's formal education began at Mrs Hole's Dame School, a private school on Mirador Crescent, a few streets away from his home. He described his experience there in Reminiscences of Childhood:
"Never was there such a dame school as ours,
so firm and kind and smelling of galoshes, with
the sweet and fumbled music of the piano lessons
drifting down from upstairs to the lonely schoolroom,
where only the sometimes tearful wicked sat over
undone sums, or to repent a little crime – the pulling
of a girl's hair during geography, the sly shin kick
under the table during English literature".
In October 1925, Dylan Thomas enrolled at Swansea Grammar School for boys, in Mount Pleasant, where his father taught English. He was an undistinguished pupil who shied away from school, preferring reading.
In his first year, one of his poems was published in the school's magazine, and before he left he became its editor. In June 1928, Thomas won the school's mile race, held at St. Helen's Ground; he carried a newspaper photograph of his victory with him until his death.
During his final school years Dylan began writing poetry in notebooks; the first poem, dated 27th. April 1930, is entitled 'Osiris, Come to Isis'.
In 1931, when he was 16, Thomas left school to become a reporter for the South Wales Daily Post, only to leave under pressure 18 months later. Thomas continued to work as a freelance journalist for several years, during which time he remained at Cwmdonkin Drive and continued to add to his notebooks, amassing 200 poems in four books between 1930 and 1934. Of the 90 poems he published, half were written during these years.
In his free time, Dylan joined the amateur dramatic group at the Little Theatre in Mumbles, visited the cinema in Uplands, took walks along Swansea Bay, and frequented Swansea's pubs, especially the Antelope and the Mermaid Hotels in Mumbles.
In the Kardomah Café, close to the newspaper office in Castle Street, he met his creative contemporaries, including his friend the poet Vernon Watkins.
-- 1933–1939
In 1933, Thomas visited London for probably the first time.
Thomas was a teenager when many of the poems for which he became famous were published:
-- 'And Death Shall Have no Dominion'
-- 'Before I Knocked'
-- 'The Force That Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower'.
'And Death Shall Have no Dominion' appeared in the New English Weekly in May 1933:
'And death shall have no dominion.
Dead men naked they shall be one
With the man in the wind and the
west moon;
When their bones are picked clean and
the clean bones gone,
They shall have stars at elbow and foot;
Though they go mad they shall be sane,
Though they sink through the sea they
shall rise again
Though lovers be lost love shall not;
And death shall have no dominion'.
When 'Light Breaks Where no Sun Shines' appeared in The Listener in 1934, it caught the attention of three senior figures in literary London - T. S. Eliot, Geoffrey Grigson and Stephen Spender. They contacted Thomas, and his first poetry volume, '18 Poems', was published in December 1934.
'18 Poems' was noted for its visionary qualities which led to critic Desmond Hawkins writing that:
"The work is the sort of bomb
that bursts no more than once
in three years".
The volume was critically acclaimed, and won a contest run by the Sunday Referee, netting him new admirers from the London poetry world, including Edith Sitwell and Edwin Muir. The anthology was published by Fortune Press, in part a vanity publisher that did not pay its writers, and expected them to buy a certain number of copies themselves. A similar arrangement was used by other new authors, including Philip Larkin.
In September 1935, Thomas met Vernon Watkins, thus beginning a lifelong friendship. Dylan introduced Watkins, working at Lloyds Bank at the time, to his friends. The group of writers, musicians and artists became known as "The Kardomah Gang".
In those days, Thomas used to frequent the cinema on Mondays with Tom Warner who, like Watkins, had recently suffered a nervous breakdown. After these trips, Warner would bring Thomas back for supper with his aunt.
On one occasion, when she served him a boiled egg, she had to cut its top off for him, as Thomas did not know how to do this. This was because his mother had done it for him all his life, an example of her coddling him. Years later, his wife Caitlin would still have to prepare his eggs for him.
In December 1935, Thomas contributed the poem 'The Hand That Signed the Paper' to Issue 18 of the bi-monthly New Verse.
In 1936, Dylan's next collection 'Twenty-five Poems' received much critical praise. In 1938, Thomas won the Oscar Blumenthal Prize for Poetry; it was also the year in which New Directions offered to be his publisher in the United States. In all, he wrote half his poems while living at Cwmdonkin Drive before moving to London. It was the time that Thomas's reputation for heavy drinking developed.
In early 1936, Thomas met Caitlin Macnamara (1913–94), a 22-year-old blonde-haired, blue-eyed dancer of Irish and French descent. She had run away from home, intent on making a career in dance, and at the age of 18 joined the chorus line at the London Palladium.
Introduced by Augustus John, Caitlin's lover, they met in The Wheatsheaf pub on Rathbone Place in London's West End. Laying his head on her lap, a drunken Thomas proposed. Thomas liked to comment that he and Caitlin were in bed together ten minutes after they first met.
Although Caitlin initially continued her relationship with Augustus John, she and Thomas began a correspondence, and by the second half of 1936 they were courting. They married at the register office in Penzance, Cornwall, on the 11th. July 1937.
In early 1938, they moved to Wales, renting a cottage in the village of Laugharne, Carmarthenshire. Their first child, Llewelyn Edouard, was born on the 30th. January 1939.
By the late 1930's, Thomas was embraced as the "Poetic Herald" for a group of English poets, the New Apocalyptics. However Thomas refused to align himself with them, and declined to sign their manifesto.
He later stated that:
"They are intellectual muckpots
leaning on a theory".
Despite Dylan's rejection, many of the group, including Henry Treece, modelled their work on Thomas's.
During the politically charged atmosphere of the 1930's, Thomas's sympathies were very much with the radical left, to the point of holding close links with the communists, as well as being decidedly pacifist and anti-fascist. He was a supporter of the left-wing No More War Movement, and boasted about participating in demonstrations against the British Union of Fascists.
-- 1939–1945
In 1939, a collection of 16 poems and seven of the 20 short stories published by Thomas in magazines since 1934, appeared as 'The Map of Love'.
Ten stories in his next book, 'Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog' (1940), were based less on lavish fantasy than those in 'The Map of Love', and more on real-life romances featuring himself in Wales.
Sales of both books were poor, resulting in Thomas living on meagre fees from writing and reviewing. At this time he borrowed heavily from friends and acquaintances.
Hounded by creditors, Thomas and his family left Laugharne in July 1940 and moved to the home of critic John Davenport in Marshfield, Gloucestershire. There Thomas collaborated with Davenport on the satire 'The Death of the King's Canary', though due to fears of libel, the work was not published until 1976.
At the outset of the Second World War, Thomas was worried about conscription, and referred to his ailment as "An Unreliable Lung".
Coughing sometimes confined him to bed, and he had a history of bringing up blood and mucus. After initially seeking employment in a reserved occupation, he managed to be classified Grade III, which meant that he would be among the last to be called up for service.
Saddened to see his friends going on active service, Dylan continued drinking, and struggled to support his family. He wrote begging letters to random literary figures asking for support, a plan he hoped would provide a long-term regular income. Thomas supplemented his income by writing scripts for the BBC, which not only gave him additional earnings but also provided evidence that he was engaged in essential war work.
In February 1941, Swansea was bombed by the Luftwaffe in a three night blitz. Castle Street was one of many streets that suffered badly; rows of shops, including the Kardomah Café, were destroyed. Thomas walked through the bombed-out shell of the town centre with his friend Bert Trick. Upset at the sight, he concluded:
"Our Swansea is dead".
Soon after the bombing raids, he wrote a radio play, 'Return Journey Home', which described the café as being "razed to the snow". The play was first broadcast on the 15th. June 1947. The Kardomah Café reopened on Portland Street after the war.
In May 1941, Thomas and Caitlin left their son with his grandmother at Blashford and moved to London. Thomas hoped to find employment in the film industry, and wrote to the director of the films division of the Ministry of Information (MOI). After initially being rebuffed, he found work with Strand Films, providing him with his first regular income since the Daily Post. Strand produced films for the MOI; Thomas scripted at least five films in 1942.
In five film projects, between 1942 and 1945, the Ministry of Information (MOI) commissioned Thomas to script a series of documentaries about both urban planning and wartime patriotism, all in partnership with director John Eldridge:
-- 'Wales: Green Mountain, Black Mountain'.
-- 'New Towns for Old' (on post-war reconstruction).
-- 'Fuel for Battle'.
-- 'Our Country' (1945) was a romantic tour of Great
Britain set to Thomas's poetry.
-- 'A City Reborn'.
Other projects included:
-- 'This Is Colour' (a history of the British dyeing industry).
-- 'These Are The Men' (1943), a more ambitious piece in which Thomas's verse accompanied Leni Riefenstahl's
footage of an early Nuremberg Rally.
-- 'Conquest of a Germ' (1944) explored the use of early antibiotics in the fight against pneumonia and tuberculosis.
In early 1943, Thomas began a relationship with Pamela Glendower; one of several affairs he had during his marriage. The affairs either ran out of steam or were halted after Caitlin discovered his infidelity.
In March 1943, Caitlin gave birth to a daughter, Aeronwy, in London. They lived in a run-down studio in Chelsea, made up of a single large room with a curtain to separate the kitchen.
The Thomas family made several escapes back to Wales during the war. Between 1941 and 1943, they lived intermittently in Plas Gelli, Talsarn, in Cardiganshire. Plas Gelli sits close by the River Aeron, after whom Aeronwy is thought to have been named. Some of Thomas’ letters from Gelli can be found in his 'Collected Letters'.
The Thomases shared the mansion with his childhood friends from Swansea, Vera and Evelyn Phillips. Vera's friendship with the Thomases in nearby New Quay is portrayed in the 2008 film, 'The Edge of Love'.
In July 1944, with the threat of German flying bombs landing on London, Thomas moved to the family cottage at Blaencwm near Llangain, Carmarthenshire, where he resumed writing poetry, completing 'Holy Spring' and 'Vision and Prayer'.
In September 1944, the Thomas family moved to New Quay in Cardiganshire (Ceredigion), where they rented Majoda, a wood and asbestos bungalow on the cliffs overlooking Cardigan Bay. It was here that Thomas wrote the radio piece 'Quite Early One Morning', a sketch for his later work, 'Under Milk Wood'.
Of the poetry written at this time, of note is 'Fern Hill', believed to have been started while living in New Quay, but completed at Blaencwm in mid-1945. Dylan's first biographer, Constantine FitzGibbon wrote that:
"His nine months in New Quay were a second
flowering, a period of fertility that recalls the
earliest days, with a great outpouring of poems
and a good deal of other material".
His second biographer, Paul Ferris, concurred:
"On the grounds of output, the bungalow
deserves a plaque of its own."
The Dylan Thomas scholar, Walford Davies, has noted that:
"New Quay was crucial in supplementing
the gallery of characters Thomas had to
hand for writing 'Under Milk Wood'."
-- Dylan Thomas's Broadcasting Years 1945–1949
Although Thomas had previously written for the BBC, it was a minor and intermittent source of income. In 1943, he wrote and recorded a 15-minute talk entitled 'Reminiscences of Childhood' for the Welsh BBC.
In December 1944, he recorded 'Quite Early One Morning' (produced by Aneirin Talfan Davies, again for the Welsh BBC), but when Davies offered it for national broadcast, BBC London initially turned it down.
However on the 31st. August 1945, the BBC Home Service broadcast 'Quite Early One Morning' nationally, and in the three subsequent years, Dylan made over a hundred broadcasts for the BBC, not only for his poetry readings, but for discussions and critiques.
In the second half of 1945, Dylan began reading for the BBC Radio programme, 'Book of Verse', that was broadcast weekly to the Far East. This provided Thomas with a regular income, and brought him into contact with Louis MacNeice, a congenial drinking companion whose advice Thomas cherished.
On the 29th. September 1946, the BBC began transmitting the Third Programme, a high-culture network which provided further opportunities for Thomas.
He appeared in the play 'Comus' for the Third Programme, the day after the network launched, and his rich, sonorous voice led to character parts, including the lead in Aeschylus's 'Agamemnon', and Satan in an adaptation of 'Paradise Lost'.
Thomas remained a popular guest on radio talk shows for the BBC, who stated:
"He is useful should a younger
generation poet be needed".
He had an uneasy relationship with BBC management, and a staff job was never an option, with drinking cited as the problem. Despite this, Thomas became a familiar radio voice and well-known celebrity within Great Britain.
By late September 1945, the Thomases had left Wales, and were living with various friends in London. In December, they moved to Oxford to live in a summerhouse on the banks of the Cherwell. It belonged to the historian, A. J. P. Taylor. His wife, Margaret, became Thomas’s most committed patron.
The publication of 'Deaths and Entrances' in February 1946 was a major turning point for Thomas. Poet and critic Walter J. Turner commented in The Spectator:
"This book alone, in my opinion,
ranks him as a major poet".
From 'In my Craft or Sullen Art,' 'Deaths and Entrances' (1946):
'Not for the proud man apart
From the raging moon, I write
On these spindrift pages
Nor for the towering dead
With their nightingales and psalms
But for the lovers, their arms
Round the griefs of the ages,
Who pay no praise or wages
Nor heed my craft or art'.
The following year, in April 1947, the Thomases travelled to Italy, after Thomas had been awarded a Society of Authors scholarship. They stayed first in villas near Rapallo and then Florence, before moving to a hotel in Rio Marina on the island of Elba.
On their return to England Thomas and his family moved, in September 1947, into the Manor House in South Leigh, just west of Oxford, found for him by Margaret Taylor.
He continued with his work for the BBC, completed a number of film scripts, and worked further on his ideas for 'Under Milk Wood'.
In March 1949 Thomas travelled to Prague. He had been invited by the Czech government to attend the inauguration of the Czechoslovak Writers' Union. Jiřina Hauková, who had previously published translations of some of Thomas' poems, was his guide and interpreter.
In her memoir, Hauková recalls that at a party in Prague, Thomas narrated the first version of his radio play 'Under Milk Wood.' She describes how he outlined the plot about a town that was declared insane, and then portrayed the predicament of an eccentric organist and a baker with two wives.
A month later, in May 1949, Thomas and his family moved to his final home, the Boat House at Laugharne, purchased for him at a cost of £2,500 in April 1949 by Margaret Taylor.
Thomas acquired a garage a hundred yards from the house on a cliff ledge which he turned into his writing shed, and where he wrote several of his most acclaimed poems. To see a photograph of the interior of Dylan's shed, please search for the tag 55DTW96
Just before moving into the Boat House, Thomas rented Pelican House opposite his regular drinking den, Brown's Hotel, for his parents. They both lived there from 1949 until Dylan's father 'D.J.' died on the 16th. December 1952. His mother continued to live there until 1953.
Caitlin gave birth to their third child, a boy named Colm Garan Hart, on the 25th. July 1949.
In October 1949, the New Zealand poet Allen Curnow came to visit Thomas at the Boat House, who took him to his writing shed. Curnow recalls:
"Dylan fished out a draft to show me
of the unfinished 'Under Milk Wood'
that was then called 'The Town That
Was Mad'."
-- Dylan Thomas's American tours, 1950–1953
(a) The First American Tour
The American poet John Brinnin invited Thomas to New York, where in 1950 they embarked on a lucrative three-month tour of arts centres and campuses.
The tour, which began in front of an audience of a thousand at the Kaufmann Auditorium in the Poetry Centre in New York, took in a further 40 venues. During the tour, Thomas was invited to many parties and functions, and on several occasions became drunk - going out of his way to shock people - and was a difficult guest.
Dylan drank before some of his readings, although it is argued that he may have pretended to be more affected by the alcohol than he actually was.
The writer Elizabeth Hardwick recalled how intoxicated a performer he could be, and how the tension would build before a performance:
"Would he arrive only to break
down on the stage?
Would some dismaying scene
take place at the faculty party?
Would he be offensive, violent,
obscene?"
Dylan's wife Caitlin said in her memoir:
"Nobody ever needed encouragement
less, and he was drowned in it."
On returning to Great Britain, Thomas began work on two further poems, 'In the White Giant's Thigh', which he read on the Third Programme in September 1950:
'Who once were a bloom of wayside
brides in the hawed house
And heard the lewd, wooed field
flow to the coming frost,
The scurrying, furred small friars
squeal in the dowse
Of day, in the thistle aisles, till the
white owl crossed.'
He also worked on the incomplete 'In Country Heaven'.
In October 1950, Thomas sent a draft of the first 39 pages of 'The Town That Was Mad' to the BBC. The task of seeing this work through to production was assigned to the BBC's Douglas Cleverdon, who had been responsible for casting Thomas in 'Paradise Lost'.
However, despite Cleverdon's urgings, the script slipped from Thomas's priorities, and in early 1951 he took a trip to Iran to work on a film for the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. The film was never made, with Thomas returning to Wales in February, though his time there allowed him to provide a few minutes of material for a BBC documentary, 'Persian Oil'.
Early in 1951 Thomas wrote two poems, which Thomas's principal biographer, Paul Ferris, describes as "unusually blunt." One was the ribald 'Lament', and the other was an ode, in the form of a villanelle, to his dying father 'Do not go Gentle Into That Good Night". (A villanelle is a pastoral or lyrical poem of nineteen lines, with only two rhymes throughout, and some lines repeated).
Despite a range of wealthy patrons, including Margaret Taylor, Princess Marguerite Caetani and Marged Howard-Stepney, Thomas was still in financial difficulty, and he wrote several begging letters to notable literary figures, including the likes of T. S. Eliot.
Margaret Taylor was not keen on Thomas taking another trip to the United States, and thought that if he had a permanent address in London he would be able to gain steady work there. She bought a property, 54 Delancey Street, in Camden Town, and in late 1951 Thomas and Caitlin lived in the basement flat. Thomas described the flat as his "London House of Horror", and did not return there after his 1952 tour of America.
(b) The Second American Tour
Thomas undertook a second tour of the United States in 1952, this time with Caitlin - after she had discovered that he had been unfaithful on his earlier trip. They drank heavily, and Thomas began to suffer with gout and lung problems.
It was during this tour that the above photograph was taken.
The second tour was the most intensive of the four, taking in 46 engagements.
The trip also resulted in Thomas recording his first poetry to vinyl, which Caedmon Records released in America later that year. One of his works recorded during this time, 'A Child's Christmas in Wales', became his most popular prose work in America. The recording was a 2008 selection for the United States National Recording Registry, which stated that:
"It is credited with launching the
audiobook industry in the United
States".
(c) The Third American Tour
In April 1953, Thomas returned alone for a third tour of America. He performed a "work in progress" version of 'Under Milk Wood', solo, for the first time at Harvard University on the 3rd. May 1953. A week later, the work was performed with a full cast at the Poetry Centre in New York.
Dylan met the deadline only after being locked in a room by Brinnin's assistant, Liz Reitell, and was still editing the script on the afternoon of the performance; its last lines were handed to the actors as they put on their makeup.
During this penultimate tour, Thomas met the composer Igor Stravinsky. Igor had become an admirer of Dylan after having been introduced to his poetry by W. H. Auden. They had discussions about collaborating on a "musical theatrical work" for which Dylan would provide the libretto on the theme of:
"The rediscovery of love and
language in what might be left
after the world after the bomb."
The shock of Thomas's death later in the year moved Stravinsky to compose his 'In Memoriam Dylan Thomas' for tenor, string quartet and four trombones. The work's first performance in Los Angeles in 1954 was introduced with a tribute to Thomas from Aldous Huxley.
Thomas spent the last nine or ten days of his third tour in New York mostly in the company of Reitell, with whom he had an affair.
During this time, Thomas fractured his arm falling down a flight of stairs when drunk. Reitell's doctor, Milton Feltenstein, put his arm in plaster, and treated him for gout and gastritis.
After returning home, Thomas worked on 'Under Milk Wood' in Wales before sending the original manuscript to Douglas Cleverdon on the 15th. October 1953. It was copied and returned to Thomas, who lost it in a pub in London and required a duplicate to take to America.
(d) The Fourth American Tour
Thomas flew to the States on the 19th. October 1953 for what would be his final tour. He died in New York before the BBC could record 'Under Milk Wood'. Richard Burton featured in its first broadcast in 1954, and was joined by Elizabeth Taylor in a subsequent film. In 1954, the play won the Prix Italia for literary or dramatic programmes.
Thomas's last collection 'Collected Poems, 1934–1952', published when he was 38, won the Foyle poetry prize. Reviewing the volume, critic Philip Toynbee declared that:
"Thomas is the greatest living
poet in the English language".
There followed a series of distressing events for Dylan. His father died from pneumonia just before Christmas 1952. In the first few months of 1953, his sister died from liver cancer, one of his patrons took an overdose of sleeping pills, three friends died at an early age, and Caitlin had an abortion.
Thomas left Laugharne on the 9th. October 1953 on the first leg of his trip to America. He called on his mother, Florence, to say goodbye:
"He always felt that he had to get
out from this country because of
his chest being so bad."
Thomas had suffered from chest problems for most of his life, though they began in earnest soon after he moved in May 1949 to the Boat House at Laugharne - the "Bronchial Heronry", as he called it. Within weeks of moving in, he visited a local doctor, who prescribed medicine for both his chest and throat.
Whilst waiting in London before his flight in October 1953, Thomas stayed with the comedian Harry Locke and worked on 'Under Milk Wood'. Locke noted that Thomas was having trouble with his chest, with terrible coughing fits that made him go purple in the face. He was also using an inhaler to help his breathing.
There were reports, too, that Thomas was also having blackouts. His visit to the BBC producer Philip Burton a few days before he left for New York, was interrupted by a blackout. On his last night in London, he had another in the company of his fellow poet Louis MacNeice.
Thomas arrived in New York on the 20th. October 1953 to undertake further performances of 'Under Milk Wood', organised by John Brinnin, his American agent and Director of the Poetry Centre. Brinnin did not travel to New York, but remained in Boston in order to write.
He handed responsibility to his assistant, Liz Reitell, who was keen to see Thomas for the first time since their three-week romance early in the year. She met Thomas at Idlewild Airport and was shocked at his appearance. He looked pale, delicate and shaky, not his usual robust self:
"He was very ill when he got here."
After being taken by Reitell to check in at the Chelsea Hotel, Thomas took the first rehearsal of 'Under Milk Wood'. They then went to the White Horse Tavern in Greenwich Village, before returning to the Chelsea Hotel.
(Bob Dylan, formerly Robert Zimmerman, used to perform at the White Horse; Dylan Thomas was his favourite poet, and it is highly likely that Bob adopted Dylan's first name as his surname).
The next day, Reitell invited Thomas to her apartment, but he declined. They went sightseeing, but Thomas felt unwell, and retired to his bed for the rest of the afternoon. Reitell gave him half a grain (32.4 milligrams) of phenobarbitone to help him sleep, and spent the night at the hotel with him.
Two days later, on the 23rd. October 1953, at the third rehearsal, Thomas said he was too ill to take part, but he struggled on, shivering and burning with fever, before collapsing on the stage.
The next day, 24th. October, Reitell took Thomas to see her doctor, Milton Feltenstein, who administered cortisone injections. Thomas made it through the first performance that evening, but collapsed immediately afterwards.
Dylan told a friend who had come back-stage:
"This circus out there has taken
the life out of me for now."
Reitell later said:
"Feltenstein was rather a wild doctor
who thought injections would cure
anything".
At the next performance on the 25th. October, his fellow actors realised that Thomas was very ill:
"He was desperately ill…we didn’t think
that he would be able to do the last
performance because he was so ill…
Dylan literally couldn’t speak he was so
ill…still my greatest memory of it is that
he had no voice."
On the evening of the 27th. October, Thomas attended his 39th. birthday party, but felt unwell, and returned to his hotel after an hour. The next day, he took part in 'Poetry and the Film', a recorded symposium at Cinema 16.
A turning point came on the 2nd. November. Air pollution in New York had risen significantly, and exacerbated chest illnesses such as Thomas's. By the end of the month, over 200 New Yorkers had died from the smog.
On the 3rd. November, Thomas spent most of the day in his room, entertaining various friends. He went out in the evening to keep two drink appointments. After returning to the hotel, he went out again for a drink at 2 am. After drinking at the White Horse, Thomas returned to the Hotel Chelsea, declaring:
"I've had eighteen straight
whiskies. I think that's the
record!"
However the barman and the owner of the pub who served him later commented that Thomas could not have drunk more than half that amount, although the barman could have been trying to exonerate himself from any blame.
Thomas had an appointment at a clam house in New Jersey with Todd on the 4th. November. When Todd telephoned the Chelsea that morning, Thomas said he was feeling ill, and postponed the engagement. Todd thought that Dylan sounded "terrible".
The poet, Harvey Breit, was another to phone that morning. He thought that Thomas sounded "bad". Thomas' voice, recalled Breit, was "low and hoarse". Harvey had wanted to say:
"You sound as though from the tomb".
However instead Harvey told Thomas that he sounded like Louis Armstrong.
Later, Thomas went drinking with Reitell at the White Horse and, feeling sick again, returned to the hotel. Dr. Feltenstein came to see him three times that day, administering the cortisone secretant ACTH by injection and, on his third visit, half a grain (32.4 milligrams) of morphine sulphate, which affected Thomas' breathing.
Reitell became increasingly concerned, and telephoned Feltenstein for advice. He suggested that she get male assistance, so she called upon the artist Jack Heliker, who arrived before 11 pm. At midnight on the 5th. November, Thomas's breathing became more difficult, and his face turned blue.
Reitell phoned Feltenstein who arrived at the hotel at about 1 am, and called for an ambulance. It then took another hour for the ambulance to arrive at St. Vincent's, even though it was only a few blocks from the Chelsea.
Thomas was admitted to the emergency ward at St Vincent's Hospital at 1:58 am. He was comatose, and his medical notes stated that:
"The impression upon admission was acute
alcoholic encephalopathy damage to the brain
by alcohol, for which the patient was treated
without response".
Feltenstein then took control of Thomas's care, even though he did not have admitting rights at St. Vincent's. The hospital's senior brain specialist, Dr. C. G. Gutierrez-Mahoney, was not called to examine Thomas until the afternoon of the 6th. November, thirty-six hours after Thomas' admission.
Dylan's wife Caitlin flew to America the following day, and was taken to the hospital, by which time a tracheotomy had been performed. Her reported first words were:
"Is the bloody man dead yet?"
Caitlin was allowed to see Thomas only for 40 minutes in the morning, but returned in the afternoon and, in a drunken rage, threatened to kill John Brinnin. When she became uncontrollable, she was put in a straitjacket and committed, by Feltenstein, to the River Crest private psychiatric detox clinic on Long Island.
It is now believed that Thomas had been suffering from bronchitis, pneumonia and emphysema before his admission to St Vincent's. In their 2004 paper, 'Death by Neglect', D. N. Thomas and Dr Simon Barton disclose that Thomas was found to have pneumonia when he was admitted to hospital in a coma.
Doctors took three hours to restore his breathing, using artificial respiration and oxygen. Summarising their findings, they conclude:
"The medical notes indicate that, on admission,
Dylan's bronchial disease was found to be very
extensive, affecting upper, mid and lower lung
fields, both left and right."
The forensic pathologist, Professor Bernard Knight, concurs:
"Death was clearly due to a severe lung infection
with extensive advanced bronchopneumonia.
The severity of the chest infection, with greyish
consolidated areas of well-established pneumonia,
suggests that it had started before admission to
hospital."
Thomas died at noon on the 9th. November 1953, having never recovered from his coma. He was 39 years of age when he died.
-- Aftermath of Dylan Thomas's Death
Rumours circulated of a brain haemorrhage, followed by competing reports of a mugging, or even that Thomas had drunk himself to death. Later, speculation arose about drugs and diabetes.
At the post-mortem, the pathologist found three causes of death - pneumonia, brain swelling and a fatty liver. Despite Dylan's heavy drinking, his liver showed no sign of cirrhosis.
The publication of John Brinnin's 1955 biography 'Dylan Thomas in America' cemented Thomas's legacy as the "doomed poet". Brinnin focuses on Thomas's last few years, and paints a picture of him as a drunk and a philanderer.
Later biographies have criticised Brinnin's view, especially his coverage of Thomas's death. David Thomas in 'Fatal Neglect: Who Killed Dylan Thomas?' claims that Brinnin, along with Reitell and Feltenstein, were culpable.
FitzGibbon's 1965 biography ignores Thomas's heavy drinking and skims over his death, giving just two pages in his detailed book to Thomas's demise.
Ferris in his 1989 biography includes Thomas's heavy drinking, but is more critical of those around him in his final days, and does not draw the conclusion that he drank himself to death.
Many sources have criticised Feltenstein's role and actions, especially his incorrect diagnosis of delirium tremens and the high dose of morphine he administered. Dr C. G. de Gutierrez-Mahoney, the doctor who treated Thomas while at St. Vincent's, concluded that Feltenstein's failure to see that Thomas was gravely ill and have him admitted to hospital sooner was even more culpable than his use of morphine.
Caitlin Thomas's autobiographies, 'Caitlin Thomas - Leftover Life to Kill' (1957) and 'My Life with Dylan Thomas: Double Drink Story' (1997), describe the effects of alcohol on the poet and on their relationship:
"Ours was not only a love story, it was
a drink story, because without alcohol
it would never had got on its rocking
feet. The bar was our altar."
Biographer Andrew Lycett ascribed the decline in Thomas's health to an alcoholic co-dependent relationship with his wife, who deeply resented his extramarital affairs.
In contrast, Dylan biographers Andrew Sinclair and George Tremlett express the view that Thomas was not an alcoholic. Tremlett argues that many of Thomas's health issues stemmed from undiagnosed diabetes.
Thomas died intestate, with assets worth £100. His body was brought back to Wales for burial in the village churchyard at Laugharne. Dylan's funeral, which Brinnin did not attend, took place at St Martin's Church in Laugharne on the 24th. November 1953.
Six friends from the village carried Thomas's coffin. Caitlin, without her customary hat, walked behind the coffin, with his childhood friend Daniel Jones at her arm and her mother by her side. The procession to the church was filmed, and the wake took place at Brown's Hotel. Thomas's fellow poet and long-time friend Vernon Watkins wrote The Times obituary.
Thomas's widow, Caitlin, died in 1994, and was laid to rest alongside him. Dylan's mother Florence died in August 1958. Thomas's elder son, Llewelyn, died in 2000, his daughter, Aeronwy in 2009, and his youngest son Colm in 2012.
-- Dylan Thomas's Poetry
Thomas's refusal to align with any literary group or movement has made him and his work difficult to categorise. Although influenced by the modern symbolism and surrealism movements, he refused to follow such creeds. Instead, critics view Thomas as part of the modernism and romanticism movements, though attempts to pigeon-hole him within a particular neo-romantic school have been unsuccessful.
Elder Olson, in his 1954 critical study of Thomas's poetry, wrote:
"There is a further characteristic which
distinguished Thomas's work from that
of other poets. It was unclassifiable."
Olson went on to say that in a postmodern age that continually attempted to demand that poetry have social reference, none could be found in Thomas's work, and that his work was so obscure that critics could not analyse it.
Thomas's verbal style played against strict verse forms, such as in the villanelle 'Do not go Gentle Into That Good Night'.
His images appear carefully ordered in a patterned sequence, and his major theme was the unity of all life, the continuing process of life and death, and new life that linked the generations.
Thomas saw biology as a magical transformation producing unity out of diversity, and in his poetry sought a poetic ritual to celebrate this unity. He saw men and women locked in cycles of growth, love, procreation, new growth, death, and new life. Therefore, each image engenders its opposite.
Thomas derived his closely woven, sometimes self-contradictory images from the Bible, Welsh folklore, preaching, and Sigmund Freud. Explaining the source of his imagery, Thomas wrote in a letter to Glyn Jones:
"My own obscurity is quite an unfashionable one,
based, as it is, on a preconceived symbolism
derived (I'm afraid all this sounds woolly and
pretentious) from the cosmic significance of the
human anatomy".
Thomas's early poetry was noted for its verbal density, alliteration, sprung rhythm and internal rhyme, and some critics detected the influence of the English poet Gerard Manley Hopkins. Hopkins, had taught himself Welsh, and used sprung verse, bringing some features of Welsh poetic metre into his work.
However when Henry Treece wrote to Thomas comparing his style to that of Hopkins, Thomas wrote back denying any such influence. Thomas greatly admired Thomas Hardy, who is regarded as an influence. When Thomas travelled in America, he recited some of Hardy's work in his readings.
Other poets from whom critics believe Thomas drew influence include James Joyce, Arthur Rimbaud and D. H. Lawrence.
William York Tindall, in his 1962 study, 'A Reader's Guide to Dylan Thomas', finds comparison between Thomas's and Joyce's wordplay, while he notes the themes of rebirth and nature are common to the works of Lawrence and Thomas.
Although Thomas described himself as the "Rimbaud of Cwmdonkin Drive", he stated that the phrase "Swansea's Rimbaud" was coined by the poet Roy Campbell.
Critics have explored the origins of Thomas's mythological pasts in his works such as 'The Orchards', which Ann Elizabeth Mayer believes reflects the Welsh myths of the Mabinogion.
Thomas's poetry is notable for its musicality, most clear in 'Fern Hill', 'In Country Sleep', 'Ballad of the Long-legged Bait' and 'In the White Giant's Thigh' from Under Milk Wood.
Thomas once confided that the poems which had most influenced him were Mother Goose rhymes which his parents taught him when he was a child:
"I should say I wanted to write poetry in the
beginning because I had fallen in love with
words.
The first poems I knew were nursery rhymes,
and before I could read them for myself I had
come to love the words of them. The words
alone.
What the words stood for was of a very
secondary importance ... I fell in love, that is
the only expression I can think of, at once,
and am still at the mercy of words, though
sometimes now, knowing a little of their
behaviour very well, I think I can influence
them slightly and have even learned to beat
them now and then, which they appear to
enjoy.
I tumbled for words at once. And, when I began
to read the nursery rhymes for myself, and, later,
to read other verses and ballads, I knew that I
had discovered the most important things, to
me, that could be ever."
Thomas became an accomplished writer of prose poetry, with collections such as 'Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog' (1940) and 'Quite Early One Morning' (1954) showing he was capable of writing moving short stories. His first published prose work, 'After the Fair', appeared in The New English Weekly on the 15th. March 1934.
Jacob Korg believes that one can classify Thomas's fiction work into two main bodies:
-- Vigorous fantasies in a poetic style
-- After 1939, more straightforward
narratives.
Korg surmises that Thomas approached his prose writing as an alternate poetic form, which allowed him to produce complex, involuted narratives that do not allow the reader to rest.
-- Dylan Thomas as a Welsh Poet
Thomas disliked being regarded as a provincial poet, and decried any notion of 'Welshness' in his poetry. When he wrote to Stephen Spender in 1952, thanking him for a review of his Collected Poems, he added:
"Oh, & I forgot. I'm not influenced by
Welsh bardic poetry. I can't read Welsh."
Despite this, his work was rooted in the geography of Wales. Thomas acknowledged that he returned to Wales when he had difficulty writing, and John Ackerman argues that:
"Dylan's inspiration and imagination
were rooted in his Welsh background".
Caitlin Thomas wrote that:
"He worked in a fanatically narrow groove,
although there was nothing narrow about
the depth and understanding of his feelings.
The groove of direct hereditary descent in
the land of his birth, which he never in
thought, and hardly in body, moved out of."
Head of Programmes Wales at the BBC, Aneirin Talfan Davies, who commissioned several of Thomas's early radio talks, believed that the poet's whole attitude is that of the medieval bards.
Kenneth O. Morgan counter-argues that it is a difficult enterprise to find traces of cynghanedd (consonant harmony) or cerdd dafod (tongue-craft) in Thomas's poetry. Instead he believes that Dylan's work, especially his earlier, more autobiographical poems, are rooted in a changing country which echoes the Welshness of the past and the Anglicisation of the new industrial nation:
"Rural and urban, chapel-going and profane,
Welsh and English, unforgiving and deeply
compassionate."
Fellow poet and critic Glyn Jones believed that any traces of cynghanedd in Thomas's work were accidental, although he felt that Dylan consciously employed one element of Welsh metrics: that of counting syllables per line instead of feet. Constantine Fitzgibbon, who was his first in-depth biographer, wrote:
"No major English poet has
ever been as Welsh as Dylan".
Although Dylan had a deep connection with Wales, he disliked Welsh nationalism. He once wrote:
"Land of my fathers, and
my fathers can keep it".
While often attributed to Thomas himself, this line actually comes from the character Owen Morgan-Vaughan, in the screenplay Thomas wrote for the 1948 British melodrama 'The Three Weird Sisters'.
Robert Pocock, a friend from the BBC, recalled:
"I only once heard Dylan express an
opinion on Welsh Nationalism.
He used three words. Two of them
were Welsh Nationalism."
Although not expressed as strongly, Glyn Jones believed that he and Thomas's friendship cooled in the later years because he had not rejected enough of the elements that Thomas disliked, i.e. "Welsh nationalism and a sort of hill farm morality".
Apologetically, in a letter to Keidrych Rhys, editor of the literary magazine 'Wales', Thomas's father wrote:
"I'm afraid Dylan isn't much
of a Welshman".
FitzGibbon asserts that Thomas's negativity towards Welsh nationalism was fostered by his father's hostility towards the Welsh language.
Critical Appraisal of Dylan Thomas's Work
Thomas's work and stature as a poet have been much debated by critics and biographers since his death. Critical studies have been clouded by Thomas's personality and mythology, especially his drunken persona and death in New York.
When Seamus Heaney gave an Oxford lecture on the poet, he opened by addressing the assembly:
"Dylan Thomas is now as much
a case history as a chapter in the
history of poetry".
He queried how 'Thomas the Poet' is one of his forgotten attributes. David Holbrook, who has written three books about Thomas, stated in his 1962 publication 'Llareggub Revisited':
"The strangest feature of Dylan Thomas's
notoriety - not that he is bogus, but that
attitudes to poetry attached themselves
to him which not only threaten the prestige,
effectiveness and accessibility to English
poetry, but also destroyed his true voice
and, at last, him."
The Poetry Archive notes that:
"Dylan Thomas's detractors accuse him
of being drunk on language as well as
whiskey, but whilst there's no doubt that
the sound of language is central to his
style, he was also a disciplined writer
who re-drafted obsessively".
Many critics have argued that Thomas's work is too narrow, and that he suffers from verbal extravagance. However those who have championed his work have found the criticism baffling. Robert Lowell wrote in 1947:
"Nothing could be more wrongheaded
than the English disputes about Dylan
Thomas's greatness ... He is a dazzling
obscure writer who can be enjoyed
without understanding."
Kenneth Rexroth said, on reading 'Eighteen Poems':
"The reeling excitement of a poetry-intoxicated
schoolboy smote the Philistine as hard a blow
with one small book as Swinburne had with
Poems and Ballads."
Philip Larkin, in a letter to Kingsley Amis in 1948, wrote that:
"No one can stick words into us
like pins... like Thomas can".
However he followed that by stating that:
"Dylan doesn't use his words
to any advantage".
Amis was far harsher, finding little of merit in Dylan's work, and claiming that:
"He is frothing at the mouth
with piss."
In 1956, the publication of the anthology 'New Lines' featuring works by the British collective The Movement, which included Amis and Larkin amongst its number, set out a vision of modern poetry that was damning towards the poets of the 1940's. Thomas's work in particular was criticised. David Lodge, writing about The Movement in 1981 stated:
"Dylan Thomas was made to stand for
everything they detest, verbal obscurity,
metaphysical pretentiousness, and
romantic rhapsodizing".
Despite criticism by sections of academia, Thomas's work has been embraced by readers more so than many of his contemporaries, and is one of the few modern poets whose name is recognised by the general public.
In 2009, over 18,000 votes were cast in a BBC poll to find the UK's favourite poet; Thomas was placed 10th.
Several of Dylan's poems have passed into the cultural mainstream, and his work has been used by authors, musicians and film and television writers.
The long-running BBC Radio programme, 'Desert Island Discs', in which guests usually choose their favourite songs, has heard 50 participants select a Dylan Thomas recording.
John Goodby states that this popularity with the reading public allows Thomas's work to be classed as vulgar and common. He also cites that despite a brief period during the 1960's when Thomas was considered a cultural icon, the poet has been marginalized in critical circles due to his exuberance, in both life and work, and his refusal to know his place.
Goodby believes that Thomas has been mainly snubbed since the 1970's and has become: "... an embarrassment to twentieth-century poetry criticism", his work failing to fit standard narratives, and thus being ignored rather than studied.
-- Memorials to Dylan Thomas
In Swansea's maritime quarter is the Dylan Thomas Theatre, the home of the Swansea Little Theatre of which Thomas was once a member. The former Guildhall built in 1825 is now occupied by the Dylan Thomas Centre, a literature centre, where exhibitions and lectures are held and which is a setting for the annual Dylan Thomas Festival. Outside the centre stands a bronze statue of Thomas by John Doubleday.
Another monument to Thomas stands in Cwmdonkin Park, one of Dylan's favourite childhood haunts, close to his birthplace. The memorial is a small rock in an enclosed garden within the park, cut by and inscribed by the late sculptor Ronald Cour with the closing lines from Fern Hill:
'Oh as I was young and easy
in the mercy of his means
Time held me green and dying
Though I sang in my chains like
the sea'.
Thomas's home in Laugharne, the Boathouse, is now a museum run by Carmarthenshire County Council. Thomas's writing shed is also preserved.
In 2004, the Dylan Thomas Prize was created in his honour, awarded to the best published writer in English under the age of 30. In 2005, the Dylan Thomas Screenplay Award was established. The prize, administered by the Dylan Thomas Centre, is awarded at the annual Swansea Bay Film Festival.
In 1982 a plaque was unveiled in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey. The plaque is also inscribed with the last two lines of 'Fern Hill'.
In 2014, the Royal Patron of The Dylan Thomas 100 Festival was Charles, Prince of Wales, who made a recording of 'Fern Hill' for the event.
In 2014, to celebrate the centenary of Thomas's birth, the British Council Wales undertook a year-long programme of cultural and educational works. Highlights included a touring replica of Thomas's work shed, Sir Peter Blake's exhibition of illustrations based on 'Under Milk Wood', and a 36-hour marathon of readings, which included Michael Sheen and Sir Ian McKellen performing Thomas's work.
Towamensing Trails, Pennsylvania named one of its streets, Thomas Lane, in Dylan's honour.
-- List of Works by Dylan Thomas
-- 'The Collected Poems of Dylan Thomas: The New Centenary Edition', edited and with Introduction by John Goodby. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2014.
-- 'The Notebook Poems 1930–34', edited by Ralph Maud. London: Dent, 1989.
-- 'Dylan Thomas: The Film Scripts', edited by John Ackerman. London: Dent 1995.
-- 'Dylan Thomas: Early Prose Writings', edited by Walford Davies. London: Dent 1971.
-- 'Collected Stories', edited by Walford Davies. London: Dent, 1983.
-- 'Under Milk Wood: A Play for Voices', edited by Walford Davies and Ralph Maud. London: Dent, 1995.
-- 'On The Air With Dylan Thomas: The Broadcasts', edited by Ralph Maud. New York: New Directions, 1991.
-- Correspondence
-- 'Dylan Thomas: The Collected Letters', edited by Paul Ferris (2017), 2 vols. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson
Vol I: 1931–1939
Vol II: 1939–1953.
-- 'Letters to Vernon Watkins', edited by Vernon Watkins (1957). London: Dent.
-- Posthumous Film Adaptations
-- 2016: Dominion, written and directed by Steven Bernstein, examines the final hours of Dylan Thomas.
-- 2014: Set Fire to the Stars, with Thomas portrayed by Celyn Jones, and John Brinnin by Elijah Wood.
-- 2014: Under Milk Wood BBC, starring Charlotte Church, Tom Jones, Griff Rhys-Jones and Michael Sheen.
-- 2014: Interstellar. The poem is featured throughout the film as a recurring theme regarding the perseverance of humanity.
-- 2009: A Child's Christmas in Wales, BAFTA Best Short Film. Animation, with soundtrack in Welsh and English. Director: Dave Unwin. Extras include filmed comments from Aeronwy Thomas.
-- 2007: Dylan Thomas: A War Films Anthology (DDHE/IWM).
-- 1996: Independence Day. Before the attack, the President paraphrases Thomas's "Do not go Gentle Into That Good Night".
-- 1992: Rebecca's Daughters, starring Peter O'Toole and Joely Richardson.
-- 1987: A Child's Christmas in Wales, directed by Don McBrearty.
-- 1972: Under Milk Wood, starring Richard Burton, Elizabeth Taylor, and Peter O'Toole.
-- Opera Adaptation
-- 1973: Unter dem Milchwald, by German composer Walter Steffens on his own libretto using Erich Fried's translation of 'Under Milk Wood' into German, Hamburg State Opera. Also at the Staatstheater Kassel in 1977.
-- Final Thoughts From Dylan Thomas
"Somebody's boring me.
I think it's me."
"Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light."
"When one burns one's bridges,
what a very nice fire it makes."
"I think, that if I touched the earth,
It would crumble; It is so sad and
beautiful, so tremulously like a dream."
"An alcoholic is someone you don't
like, who drinks as much as you do."
"I hold a beast, an angel, and a madman in me,
and my enquiry is as to their working, and my
problem is their subjugation and victory, down
throw and upheaval, and my effort is their self-
expression."
"The only sea I saw was the seesaw sea
with you riding on it. Lie down, lie easy.
Let me shipwreck in your thighs."
"Why do men think you can pick love up
and re-light it like a candle? Women know
when love is over."
"Poetry is not the most important thing in life.
I'd much rather lie in a hot bath reading
Agatha Christie and sucking sweets."
"And now, gentlemen, like your manners,
I must leave you."
"My education was the liberty I had to read
indiscriminately and all the time, with my eyes
hanging out."
"I'm a freak user of words, not a poet."
"Our discreditable secret is that we don't
know anything at all, and our horrid inner
secret is that we don't care that we don't."
"It snowed last year too: I made a snowman
and my brother knocked it down and I knocked
my brother down and then we had tea."
"Though lovers be lost love shall not."
"Man’s wants remain unsatisfied till death.
Then, when his soul is naked, is he one
with the man in the wind, and the west moon,
with the harmonious thunder of the sun."
"And books which told me everything
about the wasp, except why."
"We are not wholly bad or good, who
live our lives under Milk Wood."
"Love is the last light spoken."
"... an ugly, lovely town ... crawling, sprawling ...
by the side of a long and splendid curving
shore. This sea-town was my world."
"I do not need any friends. I prefer enemies.
They are better company, and their feelings
towards you are always genuine."
"This poem has been called obscure. I refuse
to believe that it is obscurer than pity, violence,
or suffering. But being a poem, not a lifetime,
it is more compressed."
"One: I am a Welshman; two: I am a drunkard;
three: I am a lover of the human race, especially
of women."
"I believe in New Yorkers. Whether they've ever
questioned the dream in which they live, I wouldn't
know, because I won't ever dare ask that question."
"These poems, with all their crudities, doubts and
confusions, are written for the love of man and in
praise of God, and I'd be a damn fool if they weren't."
"Before you let the sun in, mind he wipes his shoes."
"Nothing grows in our garden, only washing.
And babies."
"Make gentle the life of this world."
"A worm tells summer better than the clock,
the slug's a living calendar of days; what shall
it tell me if a timeless insect says the world
wears away?"
"Time passes. Listen. Time passes. Come
closer now. Only you can hear the houses
sleeping in the streets in the slow deep salt
and silent black, bandaged night."
"Rhianon, he said, hold my hand, Rhianon.
She did not hear him, but stood over his bed
and fixed him with an unbroken sorrow. Hold
my hand, he said, and then: Why are you
putting the sheet over my face?"
"Come on up, boys - I'm dead."
"Life is a terrible thing, thank God."
NME (New Musical Express) published its list of the 500 all time greatest albums this week, based on its poll of roughly 80 critics who work for it. I saw a listing on the internet of the NME top 500 and it's set out below. The stars indicate the albums that would probably make my personal top 500 and the check marks indicate albums I've listened to that don't make my personal top 500.
This is in my sweet spot. When a bunch of highly knowledgeable critics decide on the "best ever' I'm going to seek that music out. They've heard more music than I ever have (there are 188 records on the list that I've never listened to).
Still, I have some quibbles about the list. The Smiths at #1? I've never understood the appeal of the Smiths. I went back and listened again to "The Queen Is Dead" and found it just as unbearable as ever. Maybe it's a British thing.
Second, no Robert Johnson or Hank Williams? I'm betting this is because the list seems to ban compilation albums and Johnson and Williams recorded exclusively as singles artists. But it just seems wrong to claim that the 500 best all time records don't include Hank Williams or Robert Johnson.
Third, where are the great British folkies? How can there be no Richard Thompson, no Fairport Convention, and no Pentangle? [Update: I see I'm wrong and that Fairport Convention is at #110. Still, why no Richard Thompson?]
Fourth, the list seems to ignore most of the world (maybe there's a rule saying English language only). But you can't have a list of the 500 best of all time with no Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and not a single album from Brazil.
Fifth, where's WIllie Nelson?
-----------------------------
★ - Would be on my personal Top 500
✓ - Have listened to album and would not be in my personal Top 500
? - Have listened to album and still undecided about it
~ - Have listened to album and it stinks
~1. The Smiths - The Queen Is Dead (1986)
★ 2. The Beatles - Revolver (1966)
★ 3. David Bowie - Hunky Dory (1972)
★4. The Strokes - Is This It (2001)
★5. The Velvet Underground - The Velvet Underground & Nico (1966)
★ 6. Pulp - Different Class (1995)
★7. The Stone Roses - The Stone Roses (1989)
★8. Pixies - Doolittle (1989)
★9. The Beatles - The Beatles (1968)
✓ 10. Oasis - Definitely Maybe (1994)
★11. Nirvana - Nevermind (1991)
✓ 12. Patti Smith - Horses (1975)
✓ 13. Arcade Fire - Funeral (2004)
★14. David Bowie - Low (1977)
✓ 15. PJ Harvey - Let England Shake (2011)
✓ 16. Joy Division - Closer (1980)
✓ 17. Public Enemy - It Takes A Nation Of Millions To Hold Us Back (1988)
✓ 18. My Bloody Valentine - Loveless (1991)
✓ 19. Arctic Monkeys - Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not (2006)
✓ 20. Radiohead - OK Computer (1997)
✓ 21. Kanye West - My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (2010)
✓ 22. Blur - Parklife (1994)
★23. David Bowie - The Rise And Fall Of Ziggy Stardust And The Spiders From Mars (1972)
✓ 24. The Rolling Stones - Exile On Main St. Street (1972)
★25. Marvin Gaye - What's Going On (1971)
✓ 26. The Beach Boys - Pet Sounds (1966)
✓ 27. Primal Scream - Screamadelica (1991)
✓ 28. Amy Winehouse - Back To Black (2006)
★29. Television - Marquee Moon (1977)
✓ 30. Wu-Tang Clan - Enter The Wu-Tang (36 Chambers) (1993)
✓ 31. Suede - Dog Man Star (1994)
✓ 32. Beastie Boys - Paul's Boutique (1989)
✓ 33. Blur - Modern Life Is Rubbish (1993)
★34. The Beatles - Abbey Road (1969)
★35. Nirvana - In Utero (1993)
★36. Bob Dylan - Blood On The Tracks (1975)
✓ 37. Love - Forever Changes (1967)
★38. Sex Pistols - Never Mind The Bollocks... Here's The Sex Pistols (1977)
✓ 39. The Clash - London Calling (1979)
★40. Joy Division - Unknown Pleasure (1979)
★41. Sonic Youth - Daydream Nation (1988)
~ 42. Stevie Wonder - Innervisions (1973)
★43. The Beatles - Rubber Soul (1965)
44. Manic Street Preachers - The Holy Bible (1994)
✓ 45. Blondie - Parallel Lines (1978)
~ 46. Björk - Debut (1993)
47. The Smiths - Strangeways, Here We Come (1987)
48. Kate Bush - Hounds Of Love (1985)
✓ 49. LCD Soundsystem - Sound Of Silver (2007)
★50. Dusty Springfield - Dusty In Memphis (1969)
✓ 51. Fleetwood Mac - Rumours (1977)
✓ 52. The Rolling Stones - Let It Bleed (1969)
✓ 53. David Bowie - Station To Station (1976)
★54. Talking Heads - Remain In Light (1980)
✓ 55. The Rolling Stones - Sticky Fingers (1971)
✓ 56. Neil Young - After The Gold Rush (1970)
57. Kraftwerk - The Man Machine (1978)
★58. Pixies - Surfer Rosa (1988)
59. Radiohead - In Rainbows (2007)
✓ 60. Massive Attack - Blue Lines (1991)
✓ 61. The Clash - The Clash (1977)
★62. Bob Dylan - Blonde On Blonde (1966)
✓ 63. Joni Mitchell - Blue (1971)
★64. Bob Dylan - Highway 61 Revisited (1965)
✓ 65. REM - Automatic For The People (1992)
66. Radiohead - The Bends (1995)
✓ 67. Oasis - (What's The Story) Morning Glory (1995)
★ 68. Van Morrison - Astral Weeks (1968)
✓ 69. REM - Murmur (1983)
70. The Libertines - Up The Bracket (2002)
✓ 71. Neil Young - Harvest (1972)
★ 72. Lou Reed - Transformer (1972)
★ 73. Bob Dylan - Bringing It All Back Home (1965)
74. Nas - IIImatic (1994)
✓ 75. Green Day - Dookie (1994)
76. Daft Punk - Discovery (2001)
★ 77. The White Stripes - White Blood Cells (2001)
✓ 78. Suede - Suede (1993)
✓ 79. Miles Davis - Kind Of Blue (1959)
★ 80. Iggy And The Stooges - Raw Power (1973)
✓ 81. Kraftwerk - Trans-Europe Express (1977)
✓ 82. Carole King - Tapestry (1971)
★ 83. The Band - The Band (1969)
✓ 84. Hole - Live Through This (1994)
✓ 85. Bruce Springsteen - Born To Run (1975)
✓ 86. Jeff Buckley - Grace (1994)
★ 87. The Beatles - Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967)
★ 88. Roxy Music - For Your Pleasure (1973)
✓ 89. Lauryn Hill - The Miseducation Of Lauryn Hill (1998)
90. The Streets - A Grand Don't Come For Free (2004)
✓ 91. Prince And The Revolution - Purple Rain (1984)
? 92. Super Furry Animals - Radiator (1997)
93. Queens Of The Stone Age - Songs For The Deaf (2002)
★ 94. The Rolling Stone - Beggars Banquet (1968)
95. Talk Talk - Spirit Of Eden (1988)
✓ 96. Public Enemy - Fear Of A Black Planet (1990)
✓ 97. The Smiths - The Smiths (1984)
✓ 98. Neutral Milk Hotel - In The Aeroplane Over The Sea (1998)
99. The Libertines - The Libertines (2004)
100. The Smiths - Hatful Of Hollow (1984)
✓ 101. Kraftwerk - Computer World
102. The Flaming Lips - The Soft Bulletin
★ 103. The Jimi Hendrix Experience - Electric Ladyland
★ 104. The Stooges - Funhouse
★ 105. Tom Waits - Rain Dogs
★ 106. Led Zeppelin - IV
107. Rage Against the Machine - Rage Against the Machine
108. Weezer - Pinkerton
✓ 109. Bruce Springsteen - Darkness on the Edge of Town
✓ 110. Fairport Convention - Liege and Lief
111. The Human League - Dare
112. GZA - Liquid Swords
★ 113. Belle and Sebastian - If You're Feeling Sinister
✓ 114. Radiohead - Kid A
✓ 115. Teenage Fanclub - Bandwagonesque
★ 116. The White Stripes - Elephant
✓ 117. ABC - The Lexicon of Love
✓ 118. Dexys Midnight Runners - Searching or the Young Soul Rebels
119. Pulp - His 'N' Hers
★ 120. De La Soul - 3 Feet High and Rising
121. Aphex Twin - Selected Ambient Works 85-92
122. New Order - Technique
★ 123. Blur - 13
★ 124. Paul Simon - Graceland
✓ 125. James Brown - Live at the Apollo
✓ 126. Beastie Boys - Ill Communication
✓ 127. Ramones - Ramones
✓ 128. The Verve - Urban Hymns
✓ 129. Neil Young - On the Beach
130. Interpol - Turn on the Bright Lights
✓ 131. Michael Jackson - Thriller
✓ 132. Pink Floyd - Dark Side of the Moon
★ 133. John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band - John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band
★ 134. PJ Harvey - Stories From the City, Stories From the Sea
★ 135. Eminem - The Marshall Mathers LP
✓ 136. Yeah Yeah Yeahs - Fever to Tell
✓ 137. Blur - Blur
~ 138. Sufjan Stevens - Illinois
139. The Cure - Disintegration
✓ 140. Nick Drake - Bryter Layter
★ 141. Bob Marley and the Wailers - Natty Dread
✓ 142. Serge Gainsbourg - Histoire De Melody Nelson
✓ 143. Bob Dylan - Desire
★ 144. The Jimi Hendrix Experience - Are You Experienced
★ 145. The Zombies - Odessey and Oracle
✓ 146. At the Drive-In - Relationship of Command
✓ 147. Frank Ocean - Channel Orange
~ 148. Bruce Springsteen - Nebraska
149. Elliot Smith - Either/Or
✓ 150. The Streets - Original Pirate Material
★ 151. PJ Harvey - Dry
152. Mercury Rev - Deserter's Songs
✓ 153. The La's - The La's
★ 154. PJ Harvey - To Bring You My Love
155. The Prodigy - Music For the Jilted Generation
★ 156. Spiritualized - Ladies and Gentlemen We're Floating In Space
★ 157. The Jesus and Mary Chain - Psychocandy
158. Wild Beasts - Two Dancers
★ 159. Gang of Four - Entertainment!
160. Primal Scream - XTRMTR
✓ 161. Arcade Fire - The Suburbs
✓ 162. The National - The Boxer
163. Neu - Neu '75!
✓ 164. Johnny Cash - At Folsom Prison
165. Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds - Let Love In
★ 166. Pulp - This is Hardcore
★ 167. Aretha Franklin - Lady Soul
168. Portishead - Dummy
169. Dexys Midnight Runners - Don't Stand Me Down
170. Smashing Pumpkins - Siamese Dream
★ 171. Talking Heads - Fear of Music
~172. Stevie Wonder - Songs in the Key of Life
★ 173. Led Zeppelin - III
174. Bright Eyes - I'm Wide Awake, It's Morning
★ 175. David Bowie - Young Americans
~176. Rufus Wainwright - Want One
177. Mogwai - Young Team
178. The Coral - The Coral
✓ 179. Missy Elliott - Miss E…So Addictive
★ 180. X-Ray Spex - Germ Free Adolescents
181. Boards of Canada - Music Has the Right to Children
182. Manic Street Preachers - Everything Must Go
✓ 183. OutKast - Speakerboxxx/The Love Below
✓ 184. MIA - Kala
✓ 185. Eric B and Rakim - Paid in Full
? 186. Jay-Z - The Blueprint
187. My Bloody Valentine - Isn't Anything
188. John Coltrane - A Love Supreme
✓ 189. Todd Rungren - A Wizard, A True Star
190. Pink Floyd - Piper At the Gates of Dawn
★ 191. Elastica - Elastica
✓ 192. Franz Ferdinand - Franz Ferdinand
193. Ryan Adams - Gold
✓ 194. Guns N' Roses - Appetite For Destruction
★ 195. The Beatles - A Hard Day's Night
✓ 196. The Stranglers - Rattus Norvegicus
✓ 197. AC/DC - Back in Black
✓ 198. Prince - Sign O' The Times
199. The Boo Radleys - Giant Steps
✓ 200. The Breeders - Last Splash
201. The Fall - Hex Enduction Hour
✓ 202. Tricky - Maxinquaye
? 203. Beach House - Teen Dream
✓ 204. Michael Jackson - Bad
✓ 205. NWA - Straight Outta Compton
★ 206. Pavement - Slanted and Enchanted
★ 207. Janis Joplin - Pearl
✓ 208. Chic - Risque
209. Kate Bush - The Kick Inside
★ 210. The Magnetic Fields - 69 Love Songs
✓ 211. Grace Jones - Nightclubbing
212. Kings of Leon - Youth and Young Manhood
✓ 213. Funkadelic - One Nation Under a Groove
✓ 214. Air - Moon Safari
215. Massive Attack - Mezzanine
✓ 216. New Order - Power, Lies and Corrruption
✓ 217. Iggy Pop - Lust for Life
218. The Horrors - Primary Colours
✓ 219. The Jam - All Mod Cons
220. The National - Alligator
✓ 221. Marianne Faithful - Broken English
222. Fever Ray - Fever Ray
✓ 223. Arcade Fire - Neon Bible
224. Echo and the Bunnymen - Heaven Up Here
★ 225. T Rex - Electric Warrior
★ 226. The Doors - The Doors
★ 227. John Lennon - Imagine
✓ 228. Pavement - Brighten the Corners
✓ 229. Public Image Ltd - Metal Box
★ 230. David Bowie - Aladdin Sane
✓ 231. Dr. Dre - The Chronic
★ 232. Leonard Cohen - The Songs of Leonard Cohen
233. Babyshambles - Down In Albion
234. Pet Shop Boys - Behaviour
235. Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds - Murder Ballads
★ 236. Suicide - Suicide
237. The xx - The xx
238. Yeah Yeah Yeahs - Show Your Bones
239. Dizzee Rascal - Boy In Da Corner
✓ 240. Ian Dury - New Boots and Panties!!
241. Madonna - Ray of Light
✓ 242. Michael Jackson - Off the Wall
✓ 243. Joni Mitchell - The Hissing of Summer Lawns
244. Wild Beasts - Smother
245. Super Furry Animals - Fuzzy Logic
★ 246. Nirvana - MTV Unplugged In New York
247. Glasvegas - Glasvegas
★ 248. Eminem - The Slim Shady LP
✓ 249. Prodigy - The Fat of the Land
250. Weezer - Weezer
✓ 251. The Beach Boys - Surf's Up
252. Grimes - Visions
253. Pussy Galore - Exile on Main St
✓ 254. The Smiths - Meat is Murder
255. Metronomy - The English Riviera
★ 256. Elvis Costello and the Attractions - This Year's Model
257. Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds - The Boatman's Call
✓ 258. Nick Drake - Five Leaves Left
✓ 259. Public Enemy - Yo! Bum Rush the Stage
★ 260. The Specials - The Specials
★ 261. Bob Marley and the Wailers - Live!
✓ 262. Boogie Down Productions - Criminal Minded
263. Laura Marling - I Speak Because I Can
★ 264. The Beatles - Please Please Me
265. Hole - Celebrity Skin
266. Coldplay - A Rush of Blood to the Head
267. Dr. Feelgood - Stupidity
268. Todd Rungren - Todd
269. The Horrors - Skying
✓ 270. The Kinks - The Village Green Preservation Society
✓ 271. The Velvet Underground - Loaded
272. Coldplay - Parachutes
✓ 273. Kanye West - The College Dropout
✓ 274. R.E.M. - Green
✓ 275. The Who - Quadrophenia
276. Echo and the Bunnymen - Ocean Rain
277. The Sunday - Reading, Writing and Arithmetic
✓ 278. The Slits - Cut
★ 279. Captain Beefhart and his Magical Band - Trout Mask Replica
280. Aphex Twin - Drukqs
★ 281. Elvis Costello - My Aim is True
282. Teenage Fanclub - Grand Prix
★ 283. Roxy Music - Roxy Music
★ 284. Fugazi - 13 Songs
285. Marvin Gaye - Midnight Love
286. Screaming Trees - Dust
✓ 287. Slayer - Reign In Blood
288. Stevie Wonder - Music of My Mind
★ 289. The Modern Lovers - The Modern Lovers
290. The Bluetones - Expecting to Fly
★ 291. The Byrds - Younger than Yesterday
292. The Cribs - The New Fellas
✓ 293. Aztec Camera - High Land Hard Rain
294. Klaxons - Myths of the Near Future
✓ 295. Snoop Doggy Dogg - Doggystyle
✓ 296. David Bowie - Let's Dance
297. Can - Ege Bamyasi
298. Malcolm McLaren -
✓ 299. The Go-Betweens - 16 Lovers Lane
✓ 300. The Who - The Who By Numbers
301. Arthur Russell - World of Echo
302. Daft Punk - Homework
303. Charles Mingus - Mingus Ah Um
304. The Orb - UFOrb
★ 305. Rod Stewart - Every Picture Tells a Story
★ 306. Bob Dyan - The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan
✓ 307. Beck - Midnight Vultures
308. Lemonheads - It's a Shame About Ray
309. Metallica - Metallica
✓ 310. Steely Dan - Countdown to Ecstacy
311. Super Furry Animals - Guerilla
312. Cocteau Twins - Treasure
★ 313. Tom Waits - Frank's Wild Years
✓ 314. Slint - Spiderland
★ 315. Big Brother and the Holding Company - Cheap Thrills
✓ 316. Elvis Costello and the Attractions - Imperial Bedroom
★ 317. Gram Parsons - Grievous Angel
✓ 318. Ice-T - OG Original Gangster
✓ 319. The Who - Who's Next
★ 320. Tom Waits - Swordfishtrombones
321. Doves - Lost Souls
322. LCD - This is Happening
✓ 323. Miles Davis - Bitches Brew
✓ 324. R.E.M. - Life's Rich Pageant
325. Beck - Sea Change
★ 326. Yo La Tengo - I Can Hear the Heart Beating As One
✓ 327. Beck - Mutations
✓ 328. The Flaming Lips - Yoshimi Battles the Pink Robots
★ 329. David Bowie - "Heroes"
330. Portishead - Third
✓ 331. MC5 - Kick out the Jams
332. Shack - HMS Fable
~ 333. Paul McCartney and Wings - Band on the Run
334. The Avalanches - Since I Left You
335. Queens of the Stoneage - …Like Clockwork
✓ 336. Neneh Cherry - Raw Like Sushi
337. Danger Mouse - The Grey Album
✓ 338. Notorious BIG - Ready to Die
339. Pearl Jam - Ten
✓ 340. Sister Sledge - We Are Family
★ 341. Tom Waits - Closing Time
★ 342. Spritualized - Lazer Guided Melodies
★ 343. Bob Dylan - John Wesley Harding
✓ 344. Eels - Beautiful Freak
✓ 345. Elvis Costello - Punch the Clock
✓ 346. New Order - Low Life
★ 347. Sonic Youth - Dirty
348. Whitney Houston - Whitney
349. Alt-J - An Awesome Wave
350. Black Rebel Motorcycle Club - BRMC
★ 351. The Byrds - Sweetheart of the Rodeo
★ 352. The Velvet Underground - White Light/White Heat
353. Mclusky - Mclusky Do Dallas
354. Isaac Hayes - Hot Buttered Soul
★ 355. New York Dolls - New York Dolls
★ 356. Pixies - Bossanova
✓ 357. Sugar - Copper Blue
358. Robert Wyatt - Rock Bottom
✓ 359. The Mothers of Invention - We're Only In it for the Money
360. The Strokes - Room on Fire
✓ 361. The Faces - A Nod is as Good as a Wink…the a Bliind Horse
✓ 362. Beastie Boys - Hello Nasty
✓ 363. Black Flag - Damaged
✓ 364. Bon Iver - For Emma, Forever Ago
✓ 365. Dead Kennedys - Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegatables
366. Leonard Cohen - Songs of Love and Hate
367. Metronomy - Nights Out
368. Radiohead - Hail to the Thief
369. St Vincent - Strange Mercy
✓ 370. The Cribs - Men's Needs, Women's Needs, Whatever
★ 371. Beck - Odelay
★ 372. Big Black - Atomizer
373. Curtis Mayfield - There's No Place Like America Today
★ 374. Frank Sinatra - In the Wee Small Hours
375. Morrissey - Vauxhall and I
376. Sam Cooke - Live At The Harlem Square Club
377. Roy Harper - Stormcock
★ 378. Wire - Pink Flag
✓ 379. Belle & Sebastian - The Boy With The Arab Strap
380. Bloc Party - Silent Alarm
✓ 381. David Bowie - Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps)
✓ 382. Simon and Garfunkel - Bridge Over Troubled Water
383. The Long Blondes - Someone To Drive You Home
★ 384. Elvis Presley - Elvis Presley
★ 385. The White Stripes - Get Behind Me Satan
★ 386. Gillian Wellch - Revival
✓ 387. The Clash - Combat Rock
388. Tim Buckley - Happy Sad
★ 389. Le Tigre - Le Tigre
390. The Verve - A Northern Soul
391. Burial - Burial
392. Edan - Beauty and the Beat
★ 393. Prince - Dirty Mind
★ 394. Wire - Chairs Missing
★ 395. The White Stripes - De Stijl
✓ 396. Heartbreakers - L.A.M.F.
397. Jay-Z - Reasonable Doubt
★ 398. Neil Young - Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere
399. Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds - The Lyre of Orpheus/Abattoir Blues
★ 400. The Fall - This Nation's Saving Grace
✓ 401. 20 Jazz Funk Greats - Throbbing Gristle
402. Twenty One - Mystery Jets
403. Vespertine - Bjork
404. No Other - Gene Clark
★ 405. Otis Blue - Otis Redding
✓ 406. Rated R - Queens of the Stone Age
407. Going Blank Again - Ride
★ 408. Crooked Rain, Crooked Rain - Pavement
409. Tago Mago - Can
410. Antics - Interpol
411. Madvillainy - Madvillain
✓ 412. Entroducing... - DJ Shadow
413. Pills N Thrills and Bellyaches - Happy Mondays
✓ 414. Dig Your Own Hole - The Chemical Brothers
✓ 415. Chet Baker Sings - Chet Baker
✓ 416. Merriweather Post Pavillion - Animal Collective
417. 1977 - Ash
✓ 418. Electro-Shock Blues - Eels
419. Let It Come Down - Spiritualized
420. People's Instinctive Travels... - A Tribe Called Quest
★ 421. Radio City - Big Star
422. Too-Rye-Ay - Dexys Midnight Runners
✓ 423. Live at Leeds - The Who
424. The Joshua Tree - U2
425. Nancy and Lee - Nancy Sinatra and Lee Hazelwood
★ 426. Goo - Sonic Youth
★ 427. Here Comes the Warm Jets - Brian Eno
✓ 428. Born in the USA - Bruce Springsteen
429. Bleed America - Jimmy Eat World
430. Scott 4 - Scott Walker
431. Badmotorfinger - Soundgarden
★ 432. Tindersticks - Tindersticks
433. 2001 - Dr. Dre
434. Steve McQueen - Prefab Sprout
✓ 435. Easter - Patti Smith
436. Mirrored - Battles
★ 437. Dear Science - TV on the Radio
438. Aha Shake Heartbreak - Kings of Leon
439. The Futureheads - The Futureheads
✓ 440. Life's a Riot with Spy vs. Spy - Billy Bragg
441. Arrival - ABBA
✓ 442. Al Green is Love - Al Green
✓ 443. Sometimes I Wish We Were an Eagle - Bill Callahan
444. Violator - Depeche Mode
✓ 445. Tusk - Fleetwood Mac
446. The Warning - Hot Chip
✓ 447. Diamond Dogs - David Bowie
448. Sci-Fi Lullabies - Suede
449. AM - Arctic Monkeys
★ 450. Rid of Me - PJ Harvey
★ 451. Third/Sister Lovers- Big Star
★ 452. The B-52's- The B-52's
453. The House of Love- The House of Love
454. The Writing on the Wall- Destiny's Child
✓ 455. Vampire Weekend- Vampire Weekend
456. September of My Years- Frank Sinatra
✓ 457. Black Cherry- Goldfrapp
✓ 458. Yankee Hotel Foxtrot- Wilco
★ 459. The Black Album- Jay-Z
★ 460. Bleach- Nirvana
461. Generation Terrorists- Manic Street Preachers
462. Master of Puppets- Metallica
✓ 463. Pod- The Breeders
464. Because of the Times- Kings of Leon
465. High Violet- The National
✓ 466. The W- Wu-Tang Clan
✓ 467. The Idiot- Iggy Pop
468. Chutes Too Narrow- The Shins
469. Holland- The Beach Boys
470. Graduation- Kanye West
471. Oracular Spectacular- MGMT
✓ 472. Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness- Smashing Pumpkins
473. A Storm in Heaven- The Verve
474. Tarot Sport- f**k Buttons
475. Smoke Ring for My Halo- Kurt Vile
476. Foo Fighters- Foo Fighters
477. Crystal Castles- Crystal Castles
478. Trouble Will Find Me- The National
479. The Real Ramona- Throwing Muses
★ 480. I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You- Aretha Franklin
✓ 481. Smile- Brian Wilson
482. Lady in Satin- Billie Holiday
✓ 483. Blood and Chocolate- Elvis Costello & The Attractions
✓ 484. The River- Bruce Springsteen
★ 485. Good Kid, M.A.A.D City- Kendrick Lamar
✓ 486. Homogenic- Bjork
✓ 487. Sound Affects- The Jam
488. I'm Your Man- Leonard Cohen
489. George Best- The Wedding Present
★ 490. Back in the USA- MC5
✓ 491. Actually- Pet Shop Boys
492. Hidden- These New Puritans
493. Blood- This Mortal Coil
494. The Head on the Door- The Cure
★ 495. Hot Fuss- The Killers
496. Album- Girls
497. Random Access Memories- Daft Punk
★ 498. Berlin- Lou Reed
✓ 499. Star- Belly
✓ 500. Stankonia- OutKast
The Postcard
A postally unused postcard that was published in 1986 by Impact of Pittsburg, California 94565. The card, which was designed and distributed in the USA, was printed in Korea.
The photography was by Ken Raveill, and the card, which has a divided back, was made with recycled paper.
Hearst Castle
Hearst Castle, known formally as La Cuesta Encantada ("The Enchanted Hill"), is an estate in San Simeon, located on the Central Coast of California. Conceived by William Randolph Hearst, the publishing tycoon, and his architect Julia Morgan, the castle was built between 1919 and 1947.
George Bernard Shaw described Hearst Castle as:
"What God would have built
if he had had the money."
Today, Hearst Castle is a museum open to the public as a California State Park and registered as a National Historic Landmark and California Historical Landmark.
George Hearst, William Randolph Hearst's father, had purchased the original 40,000-acre (162 km2) estate in 1865 and Camp Hill, the site for the future Hearst Castle, was used for family camping vacations during Hearst's youth.
In 1919 William inherited $11,000,000 (equivalent to $172,000,000 in 2021) and estates, including the land at San Simeon. He used his fortune to further develop his media empire of newspapers, magazines and radio stations, the profits from which supported a lifetime of building and collecting.
Within a few months of Phoebe Hearst's death, he had commissioned Morgan to:
"Build something a little more
comfortable up on the hill."
This was the genesis of the present castle. Morgan was an architectural pioneer:
"America's first truly independent
female architect."
She was the first woman to study architecture at the School of Beaux-Arts in Paris, the first to have her own architectural practice in California, and the first female winner of the American Institute of Architects' Gold Medal.
Julia worked in close collaboration with Hearst for over twenty years, and the castle at San Simeon is her best-known creation.
In the Roaring Twenties and into the 1930's, Hearst Castle reached its social peak. Originally intended as a family home for Hearst, his wife Millicent and their five sons, by 1925 he and Millicent had effectively separated and he held court at San Simeon with his mistress, the actress Marion Davies.
Their guest list comprised most of the Hollywood stars of the period; Charlie Chaplin, Cary Grant, the Marx Brothers, Greta Garbo, Buster Keaton, Mary Pickford, Jean Harlow and Clark Gable all visited, some on multiple occasions.
Political luminaries encompassed Calvin Coolidge and Winston Churchill, while other notables included Charles Lindbergh, P. G. Wodehouse and George Bernard Shaw.
Visitors gathered each evening at Casa Grande for drinks in the Assembly Room, dined in the Refectory and watched the latest movie in the theater before retiring to the luxurious accommodation provided by the guest houses of Casa del Mar, Casa del Monte and Casa del Sol.
During the days, they admired the views, rode, played tennis, bowls or golf and swam in "the most sumptuous swimming pool on earth".
While Hearst entertained, Morgan built; the castle was under almost continual construction from 1920 until 1939, with work resuming after the end of World War II until Hearst's final departure in 1947.
Hearst, his castle and his lifestyle were satirized by Orson Welles in his 1941 film Citizen Kane. In the film, which Hearst sought to suppress, Charles Foster Kane's palace Xanadu is said to contain:
"Paintings, pictures, statues, the very stones
of many another palace – a collection of
everything so big it can never be cataloged
or appraised; enough for ten museums; the
loot of the world".
Welles's was referring to Hearst's mania for collecting; the dealer Joseph Duveen called him the "Great Accumulator".
With a passion for acquisition almost from childhood, he bought architectural elements, art, antiques, statuary, silverware and textiles on an epic scale. Shortly after starting San Simeon, he began to conceive of making the castle:
"A museum of the best
things that I can secure".
Foremost among his purchases were architectural elements from Western Europe, particularly Spain. Over thirty ceilings, doorcases, fireplaces and mantels, entire monasteries, paneling and a medieval tithe barn were purchased, shipped to Hearst's Brooklyn warehouses and transported on to California.
Much was then incorporated into the fabric of Hearst Castle. In addition, he built up collections of more conventional art and antiques of high quality; his assemblage of ancient Greek vases was one of the world's largest.
In May 1947, Hearst's health compelled him and Marion Davies to leave the castle for the last time. He died in Los Angeles in 1951, and Morgan died in 1957. The following year, the Hearst family gave the castle and much of its contents to the State of California, and the mansion was opened to the public on the 17th. May 17, 1958.
It has since operated as the Hearst San Simeon State Historical Monument, and attracts about 750,000 visitors annually.
The Hearst family retains ownership of the majority of the 82,000 acres (332 km2) wider estate and, under a land conservation agreement reached in 2005, has worked with the California State Parks Department and American Land Conservancy to preserve the undeveloped character of the area.
Early History to 1864
The coastal range of Southern California has been occupied since prehistoric times. The indigenous inhabitants were the Salinans and the Chumash. In the late 18th. century, Spanish missions were established in the area in order to convert the Native American population.
The Mission San Miguel Arcángel, one of the largest, opened in what is now San Luis Obispo county in 1797. By the 1840's, the mission had declined and the priests departed. In that decade, the governors of Mexican California distributed the mission lands in a series of grants.
Three of these were Rancho Piedra Blanca, Rancho Santa Rosa and Rancho San Simeon. The Mexican–American War of 1846–1848 saw the area pass into the control of the United States under the terms of the Mexican Cession. The California Gold Rush of the next decade brought an influx of American settlers, among whom was the 30-year old George Hearst.
Buying the land: 1865–1919
Born in Missouri in 1820, George Hearst made his fortune as a miner of gold and silver, notably at the Comstock Lode and the Homestake Mine. He then undertook a political career, becoming a senator in 1886, and bought The San Francisco Examiner.
Investing in land, he bought the Piedra Blanca property in 1865, and subsequently extended his holdings with the acquisition of most of the Santa Rosa estate, and much of the San Simeon lands.
In the 1870's George Hearst built a ranch house on his estate, which remains a private property maintained by the Hearst Corporation. The San Simeon area became a site for family camping expeditions, including his young son, William. A particularly favored spot was named Camp Hill, the site of the future Hearst Castle.
Years later Hearst recalled his early memories of the place:
"My father brought me to San Simeon
as a boy. I had to come up the slope
hanging on to the tail of a pony.
We lived in a cabin on this spot and I
could see forever. That's the West –
forever."
George Hearst developed the estate somewhat, introducing beef and dairy cattle, planting extensive fruit orchards, and expanding the wharf facilities at San Simeon Bay. He also bred racehorses.
While his father developed the ranch, Hearst and his mother traveled, including an eighteen-month tour of Europe in 1873, where Hearst's life-long obsession with art collecting began.
When George Hearst died in 1891, he left an estate of $18 million to his widow including the California ranch. Phoebe Hearst shared the cultural and artistic interests of her son, collecting art and patronizing architects.
She was also a considerable philanthropist, founding schools and libraries, supporting the fledgling University of California, Berkeley, including the funding of the Hearst Mining Building in memory of her husband, and making major donations to a range of women's organizations, including the YWCA.
During the late 1890's, Mrs Hearst encountered Julia Morgan, a young architecture student at Berkeley. On Phoebe Hearst's death in 1919, William Hearst inherited the ranch, which had grown to 250,000 acres and 14 miles (23 km) of coastline, as well as $11 million.
250,000 acres is a huge area for an estate - to accommodate that area in a square, it would need sides of over 19.8 miles (32 km).
Within days of his mother's death, William was at Morgan's San Francisco office.
Julia Morgan
Julia Morgan, who was born in 1872, was 47 when Hearst entered her office in 1919. Her biographer Mark A. Wilson has described her subsequent career as that of:
"America's first independent
full-time woman architect".
After studying at Berkeley, where she worked with Bernard Maybeck, and in 1898 she became the first woman to win entry to the prestigious École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Passing out from the École in 1902, Morgan returned to San Francisco and took up a post at the architectural practice of John Galen Howard.
Howard recognized Morgan's talents, but also exploited them:
"The best thing about this person
is, I pay her almost nothing, as it is
a woman."
In 1904, Julia passed the California architects' licensing examination, the first woman to do so, establishing her own office in 1906 at 456 Montgomery Street in San Francisco.
During her time with Howard, Morgan was commissioned by Phoebe Hearst to undertake work at her Hacienda del Pozo de Verona estate at Pleasanton. This led to work at Wyntoon and to a number of commissions from Hearst himself; an unexecuted design for a mansion at Sausalito, north of San Francisco, a cottage at the Grand Canyon, and the Los Angeles Examiner Building.
In 1919, when he turned up at Morgan's office, Hearst was fifty-six years old, and the owner of a publishing empire that included twenty-eight newspapers, thirteen magazines, eight radio stations, four film studios, extensive real-estate holdings and thirty-one thousand employees.
He was also a significant public figure: although his political endeavors had proved largely unsuccessful, the influence he exerted through his direct control of his media empire attracted fame and opprobrium in equal measure.
In 1917, one biographer described him as:
"The most hated man
in the country".
The actor Ralph Bellamy, a guest at San Simeon in the mid-1930's, recorded Hearst's working methods in a description of a party in the Assembly Room:
"The party was quite gay. And in the midst of it,
Mr Hearst came in. There was a teletype machine
just inside, and he stopped and he read it.
He went to a table and picked up a phone.
He asked for the editor of his San Francisco
newspaper and he said, 'Put this in a two-column
box of the front pages of all the newspapers
tomorrow morning.'
And without notes he dictated an editorial."
Morgan and Hearst's partnership at San Simeon lasted from 1919 until his final departure from the castle in 1947. Their correspondence, preserved in the Julia Morgan archive in the Robert E. Kennedy Library at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, runs to some 3,700 letters and telegrams.
Victoria Kastner, Hearst Castle's in-house custodian, has described the partnership as "a rare, true collaboration," and there are many contemporary accounts of the closeness of the relationship. Walter Steilberg, a draughtsman in Morgan's office, once observed them at dinner:
"The rest of us could have been a
hundred miles away; they didn't pay
any attention to anybody ... these
two very different people just clicked".
Thomas Aidala, in his 1984 history of the castle, made a similar observation:
"Seated opposite each other, they
would discuss and review work,
consider design changes, pass
drawings back and forth ... seemingly
oblivious of the rest of the guests."
Having a Ball: 1925–1938
Hearst and his family occupied Casa Grande for the first time at Christmas, 1925. Thereafter, Hearst's wife, Millicent, went back to New York, and from 1926 until they left for the last time in 1947, Hearst's mistress Marion Davies acted as his chatelaine at the castle.
The Hollywood and political elite often visited in the 1920's and 1930's. Among Hearst's guests were Calvin Coolidge, Winston Churchill, Charlie Chaplin, Cary Grant, the Marx Brothers, Charles Lindbergh, and Clark Gable.
Churchill described his host, and Millicent Hearst and Davies, in a letter to his own wife:
"A grave simple child – with no doubt a
nasty temper – playing with the most
costly toys.
Two magnificent establishments, two
charming wives, complete indifference
to public opinion, oriental hospitalities."
Weekend guests were either brought by private train from Glendale Station north of Los Angeles, and then by car to the castle, or flew into Hearst's airstrip, generally arriving late on Friday evening or on Saturday. Cecil Beaton wrote of his impressions during his first visit for New Year's Eve in 1931:
"We caught sight of a vast, sparkling white
castle in Spain. It was out of a fairy story.
The sun poured down with theatrical
brilliance on tons of white marble and white
stone.
There seemed to be a thousand statues,
pedestals, urns. The flowers were unreal in
their ordered profusion.
Hearst stood smiling at the top of one of
the many flights of garden steps".
Guests were generally left to their own devices during the day. Horseback riding, shooting, swimming, golf, croquet and tennis were all available, while Hearst would lead mounted parties for picnics on the estate. The only absolute deadline was for cocktails in the assembly room at 7.30 on Saturday night.
Alcohol was rationed; guests were not permitted to have liquor in their rooms, and were limited to one cocktail each before dinner. This was due not to meanness on Hearst's part, but to his concerns over Davies's alcoholism, though the rule was frequently flouted.
The actor David Niven later reflected on his supplying illicit alcohol to Davies:
"It seemed fun at the time to stoke up
her fire of outrageous fun and I got a
kick out of feeling I had outwitted one
of the most powerful and best informed
men on earth, but what a disloyal and
crummy betrayal of him, and what a
nasty potential nail to put in her coffin."
Dinner was served at 9.00 in the refectory. Wine came from Hearst's 7,000-bottle cellar. Charlie Chaplin commented on the fare:
"Dinners were elaborate -- pheasant, wild
duck, partridge and venison -- but were
also informal: amidst the opulence, we
were served paper napkins, it was only
when Mrs Hearst was in residence that
the guests were given linen ones."
The informality extended to the ketchup bottles and condiments in jars which were remarked on by many guests.
Dinner was invariably followed by a movie; initially outside, and then in the theater. The actress Ilka Chase recorded a showing in the early 1930's:
"The theater was not yet complete – the plaster
was still wet – so an immense pile of fur coats
was heaped at the door, and each guest picked
one up and enveloped himself before entering...
Hearst and Marion, close together in the gloom
and bundled in their fur coats, looked for all the
world like the big and baby bears".
Movies were generally films from Hearst's own studio, Cosmopolitan Productions, and often featured Marion Davies. Sherman Eubanks, whose father worked as an electrician at the castle, recorded in an oral history:
"Mr Hearst would push a button and call up to
the projectionist and say 'Put on Marion's Peg
o' My Heart'.
So I've seen Peg o' My Heart about fifty times.
This is not being critical. I'm simply saying that's
the way it was. This repetition tended to put a
slight strain on the guests' gratitude."
In 1937, Patricia Van Cleeve married at the castle, the grandest social occasion there since the visit of President and Mrs Coolidge in February 1930. Ken Murray records these two events as the only occasions when formal attire was required of guests to the castle.
Van Cleeve, who married the actor Arthur Lake, was always introduced as Marion Davies' favorite niece. It was frequently rumored that she was in fact Davies and Hearst's daughter, something she herself acknowledged just before her death in 1993.
In February 1938, a plane crash at the San Simeon airstrip led to the deaths of Lord and Lady Plunket, who were traveling to the castle as Hearst's guests, and the pilot Tex Phillips. The only other passenger, the bobsledding champion, James Lawrence, survived.
The Specter at the Feast: Hearst, Welles and Xanadu
Hearst Castle was the inspiration for Xanadu, and Hearst himself the main model for Charles Foster Kane in Orson Welles's 1941 film Citizen Kane.
Having made his name with the Mercury Theatre production of The War of the Worlds in 1938, Welles arrived in Hollywood in 1939 to make a film version of Joseph Conrad's novel, Heart of Darkness for RKO Pictures.
The film was not made, and Welles began a collaboration with the screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz on a screenplay originally entitled American. The film tells the stories of Kane, a media magnate and aspiring politician, and of his second wife Susan Alexander, a failed opera singer driven to drink, who inhabit a castle in Florida.
Filming began in June 1940, and the movie premiered on the 1st. June 1941. Although at the time Orson Welles and RKO denied that the film was based on Hearst, his long-time friend and collaborator, John Houseman was clear:
"The truth is simple: for the basic concept
of Charles Foster Kane and for the main
lines and significant events of his public life,
Mankiewicz used as his model the figure of
William Randolph Hearst".
Told of the film's content before its release – his friends, the gossip columnists Hedda Hopper and Louella Parsons having attended early screenings – Hearst made strenuous efforts to stop the premiere. When these failed, he sought to damage the film's circulation by alternately forbidding all mention of it in his media outlets, or by using them to attack both the movie and Welles.
Hearst's assault damaged the film at the box office, and harmed Welles' subsequent career.
Since its inception in 1952 through to 2012, the Sight and Sound Critics' Poll voted Citizen Kane the greatest film of all time in every decade of polling. On the 9th. March 2012 the film was screened in the movie theater at Hearst Castle for the first time as part of the San Luis Obispo International Film Festival.
Depression, Death and After: 1939–Present
By the late 1930's, the Great Depression and Hearst's profligacy had brought him to the brink of financial ruin. Debts totaled $126 million, and he was compelled to cede financial control of the Hearst Corporation. Newspapers and radio stations were sold, and much of his art collection was dispersed in a series of sales, often for much less than he had paid.
Hearst railed against his losses, and the perceived incompetence of the sales agents, Parish-Watson & Co:
"They greatly cheapened them and us,
he advertises like a bargain basement
sale. I am heartbroken".
Construction at Hearst Castle virtually ceased. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the castle was closed up and Hearst and Davies moved to Wyntoon, which was perceived to be less vulnerable to enemy attack.
They returned in 1945, and construction on a limited scale recommenced, finally ending in 1947. In early May of that year, with his health declining, Hearst and Davies left the castle for the last time. The pair settled in at 1007 North Beverly Drive in Beverly Hills.
William Randolph Hearst died in 1951, his death abruptly severing him from Davies, who was excluded from the funeral by Hearst's family:
"For thirty-two years I had him,
and they leave me with his
empty room".
In 1950 Julia Morgan closed her San Francisco office after a career of forty-two years. Ill health marred her retirement and she died, a virtual recluse, in early 1957.
In 1958 the Hearst Corporation donated Hearst Castle, its gardens, and many of its contents, to the state of California. A plaque at the castle reads:
"La Cuesta Encantada presented to
the State of California in 1958 by the
Hearst Corporation in memory of
William Randolph Hearst who created
this Enchanted Hill, and of his mother,
Phoebe Apperson Hearst, who
inspired it".
The castle was opened to the public for the first time in June 1958. Hearst Castle was added to the National Register of Historic Places on the 22nd. June.
Hearst was always keen to protect the mystique of his castle. In 1926, he wrote to Morgan to congratulate her after a successful party was held on the hill:
"Those wild movie people said it was
wonderful and that the most extravagant
dream of a movie picture fell far short of
this reality. They all wanted to make a
picture there but they are NOT going to
be allowed to do this."
Commercial filming at the castle is still rarely allowed. Since 1957 only two projects have been granted permission:
-- Stanley Kubrick's 1960 film Spartacus used the castle to stand in as the villa of Marcus Licinius Crassus, played by Lawrence Olivier.
-- In 2014, Lady Gaga's music video for "G.U.Y." was filmed at the Neptune and Roman Pools.
On the 12th. February 1976, the Casa del Sol guesthouse was damaged by a bomb. The device was placed by allies of the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), in retaliation for Patty Hearst, Hearst's granddaughter, testifying in court at her trial for armed robbery, following her kidnapping by the SLA in 1974.
On the 22nd. December 2003, an earthquake occurred with its epicenter some three miles north of the castle. With a magnitude of 6.5, it was the largest earthquake recorded at San Simeon. The very limited structural damage which resulted was a testament to the quality of the castle's construction.
Since its opening, the castle has become a major California tourist attraction, attracting over 850,000 visitors in 2018. Recent changes to the tour arrangements now allow visitors time to explore the grounds independently at the conclusion of the conducted tours.
The Hearst family maintains a connection with the castle, which was closed for a day in early August 2019 for the wedding of Amanda Hearst, Hearst's great-granddaughter.
The castle closed in March 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. After 2 years of closure and repairs to the access road due to rainstorm damage, the castle reopened on the 11th. May 2022.
Architecture of Hearst Castle
Hearst's original idea was to build a bungalow, according to Walter Steilberg, one of Morgan's draftsmen who recalled Hearst's words from the initial meeting:
"I would like to build something up on
the hill at San Simeon. I get tired of
going up there and camping in tents.
I'm getting a little too old for that.
I'd like to get something that would
be a little more comfortable".
However within a month, Hearst's original ideas for a modest dwelling had greatly expanded. Discussion on the style began with consideration of "Jappo-Swisso" themes. Then the Spanish Colonial Revival style was favored. Morgan had used this style when she worked on Hearst's Los Angeles Herald Examiner headquarters in 1915.
Hearst appreciated the Spanish Revival but was dissatisfied with the crudeness of the colonial structures in California. Mexican colonial architecture had more sophistication, but he objected to its abundance of ornamentation.
Thomas Aidala, in his 1984 study of the castle, notes the Churrigueresque influence on the design of the main block:
"Flat and unembellished exterior surfaces;
decorative urges are particularized and
isolated, focused mainly on doorways,
windows and towers".
The Panama-California Exposition of 1915 in San Diego held the closest approximations in California to the approach Hearst desired. But William's European tours, and specifically the inspiration of the Iberian Peninsula, led him to Renaissance and Baroque examples in southern Spain that more exactly suited his tastes. He particularly admired a church in Ronda, Spain and asked Morgan to model the Casa Grande towers after it.
In a letter to Morgan dated 31st. December 1919, Hearst wrote:
"The San Diego Exposition is the best source
of Spanish in California. The alternative is to
build in the Renaissance style of southern Spain.
We picked out the towers of the church at Ronda...
a Renaissance decoration, particularly that of the
very southern part of Spain, could harmonize well
with them.
I would very much like to have your views on what
style of architecture we should select."
This blend of Southern Spanish Renaissance, Revival and Mediterranean examples became San Simeon's defining style:
"Something a little different than other
people are doing out in California".
The architectural writers Arrol Gellner and Douglas Keister describe Casa Grande as
"A palatial fusion of Classicism and Mediterranean
architecture that transcended the Mission Revival
era and instead belonged to the more archaeological
Period Revival styles that gained favor after the
Panama-California Exposition of 1915".
Hearst Castle has a total of 42 bedrooms, 61 bathrooms, 19 sitting rooms, 127 acres (half a square kilometer) of gardens, indoor and outdoor swimming pools, tennis courts, a movie theater, an airfield and, during Hearst's lifetime, the world's largest private zoo.
Hearst was an inveterate rethinker who would frequently order the redesign of previously agreed, and often built, structures: the Neptune Pool was rebuilt three times before he was satisfied.
He was aware of his propensity for changing his mind; in a letter dated the 18th. March 1920, he wrote to Morgan:
"All little houses stunning. Please complete
before I can think up any more changes".
As a consequence of Hearst's persistent design changes, and financial difficulties in the early and later 1930's, the complex was never finished.
By the late summer of 1919, Morgan had surveyed the site, analyzed its geology, and drawn initial plans for Casa Grande. Construction began in 1919 and continued through 1947 when Hearst left the estate for the last time.
During the early years of construction, until Hearst's stays at San Simeon became longer and more frequent, his approval for the ongoing design was obtained by Morgan sending him models of planned developments.
By the late 1920's the main model, designed by another female architect Julian C. Mesic, had become too large to ship, and Mesic and Morgan would photograph it, hand-color the images, and send these to Hearst.
Construction of Hearst Castle
The castle's location presented major challenges for construction. It was remote; when Morgan began coming to the estate for site visits in 1919, she would leave her San Francisco office on Friday afternoon and take an eight-hour, 200-mile train journey to San Luis Obispo, followed by a fifty-mile drive to San Simeon.
The relative isolation made recruiting and retaining a workforce a constant difficulty. In the early years, the estate lacked water, its limited supplies coming from three natural springs on Pine Mountain, a 3,500-foot-high (1,100 m) peak seven miles (11 km) east of Hearst Castle.
The issue was addressed by the construction of three reservoirs, and Morgan devised a gravity-based water delivery system that transported water from the nearby mountain springs to the reservoirs, including the main one on Rocky Butte, a 2,000-foot (610 m) knoll less than a mile southeast of Hearst Castle.
Water was of particular importance; as well as feeding the pools and fountains Hearst desired, it provided electricity, by way of a private hydroelectric plant, until the San Joaquin Light and Power Corporation began service to the castle in 1924.
The climate presented a further challenge. The proximity to the coast brought strong winds in from the Pacific Ocean, and the site's elevation meant that winter storms were frequent and severe.
After a period of severe storms in February 1927, Hearst wrote a letter:
"We are all leaving the hill. We are drowned,
blown and frozen out. Before we build anything
more, let's make what we have practical,
comfortable and beautiful.
If we can't do that we might just as well change
the names of the houses to Pneumonia House,
Diphtheria House and Influenza Bungalow.
The main house we can call the Clinic."
Water was also essential for the production of concrete, the main structural component of the houses and their ancillary buildings.
Morgan had substantial experience of building in steel-reinforced concrete and, together with the firm of consulting engineers Earl and Wright, experimented in finding suitable stone, eventually settling on that quarried from the mountain top on which the foundation platform for the castle was built.
Combining this with desalinated sand from San Simeon Bay produced concrete of exceptionally high quality. Later, white sand was brought in from Carmel. Material for construction was transported either by train and truck, or by sea into a wharf built in San Simeon Bay below the site. In time, a light railway was constructed from the wharf to the castle, and Morgan built a compound of warehouses for storage and accommodation for workers by the bay.
Brick and tile works were also developed on site, as brick was used extensively, and tiling was an important element of the decoration of the castle. Morgan used several tile companies to produce her designs, including Grueby Faience, Batchelder, California Faience and Solon & Schemmel.
Albert Solon and Frank Schemmel came to Hearst Castle to undertake tiling work, and Solon's brother, Camille, was responsible for the design of the mosaics of blue-and-gold Venetian glass tile used in the Roman pool and the murals in Hearst's Gothic library.
Morgan worked with a series of construction managers; Henry Washburn from 1919 to 1922, then Camille Rossi from 1922, until his firing by Hearst in 1932, and finally George Loorz until 1940. From 1920 to 1939, there were between 25 and 150 workmen employed in construction at the castle.
Costs of Hearst Castle
The exact cost of the entire San Simeon complex is unknown. Kastner makes an estimate of expenditure on construction and furnishing the complex between 1919 and 1947 as "under $10,000,000".
Thomas Aidala suggests a slightly more precise figure for the overall cost at between $7.2 and $8.2 million. Hearst's relaxed approach to using the funds of his companies, and sometimes the companies themselves, to make personal purchases made clear accounting for expenditure almost impossible.
In 1927 one of his lawyers wrote:
"The entire history of your corporation
shows an informal method of withdrawal
of funds".
In 1945, when the Hearst Corporation was closing the Hearst Castle account for the final time, Morgan gave a breakdown of construction costs, which did not include expenditure on antiques and furnishings.
Casa Grande's build cost is given as $2,987,000, and that for the guest houses, $500,000. Other works, including nearly half a million dollars on the Neptune pool, brought the total to $4,717,000.
Morgan's fees for twenty-odd years of almost continuous work came to $70,755. Her initial fee was a 6% commission on total costs. This was later increased to 8.5%. Many additional expenses, and challenges in getting prompt payment, led her to receive rather less than this.
Kastner suggests that Morgan made an overall profit of $100,000 on the entire, twenty-year, project. Her modest remuneration was unimportant to her. At the height of Hearst's financial travails in the late 1930's, when his debts stood at over $87 million, Morgan wrote to him,
"I wish you would use me in any way
that relieves your mind as to the care
of your belongings. There never has
been, nor will there be, any charge in
this connection, it is an honor and a
pleasure".
Casa del Mar
Casa del Mar, the largest of the three guest houses, provided accommodation for Hearst himself until Casa Grande was ready in 1925. He stayed in the house again in 1947, during his last visit to the estate.
Casa del Mar contains 5,350 square feet (546 square meters) of floor space. Although luxuriously designed and furnished, none of the guest houses had kitchen facilities, a lack that sometimes irritated Hearst's guests. Adela Rogers St. Johns recounted her first visit:
"I rang and asked the maid for coffee.
With a smile, she said I would have to
go up to the castle for that.
I asked Marion Davies about this. She
said W. R. Hearst did not approve of
breakfast in bed."
Adjacent to Casa del Mar is the wellhead from Phoebe Hearst's Hacienda del Pozo de Verona, which Hearst moved to San Simeon when he sold his mother's estate after her death in 1919.
Casa del Monte
Casa del Monte was the first of the guest houses, originally entitled simply Houses A (del Mar), B (del Monte) and C (del Sol). It was built by Morgan on the slopes below the site of Casa Grande during 1920–1924.
Hearst had initially wanted to commence work with the construction of the main house, but Morgan persuaded him to begin with the guest cottages because the smaller structures could be completed more quickly.
Each guest house faces the Esplanade, and appears as a single story at its front entrance. Additional stories descend rearward down the terraced mountain side. Casa del Monte has 2,550 sq ft (237 sq. meters) of living space.
Casa del Sol
The decorative style of the Casa del Sol is Moorish, accentuated by the use of antique Persian tiles. A bronze copy of Donatello's David stands atop a copy of an original Spanish fountain.
The inspiration for the fountain came from an illustration in a book, The Minor Ecclesiastical, Domestic and Garden Architecture of Southern Spain, written by Austin Whittlesey and published in 1919.
Hearst sent a copy to Morgan, while retaining another for himself, and it proved a fertile source of ideas. The size of the house is 3,620 square feet (242 sq. meters).
Morgan's staff were responsible for the cataloguing of those parts of Hearst's art collection which were shipped to California, and an oral record made in the 1980's indicates the methodology used for furnishing the buildings at San Simeon:
"We would set the object up, and then I would
stand with a yardstick to give it scale. Sam Crow
would take a picture. Then we would give it a
number and I would write a description.
These were made into albums.
When Mr Hearst would write and say 'I want a
Florentine mantel in Cottage C in Room B, and
four yards of tiles,' then we would look it up in
the books and find something that would fit."
Casa Grande
Construction of Casa Grande began in April 1922. Work continued almost until Hearst's final departure on the 2nd. May 1947, and even then the house was unfinished. The size of Casa Grande is 68,500 square feet (5,634 sq. meters).
The main western façade is four stories. The entrance front, inspired by a gateway in Seville, is flanked by twin bell towers modeled on the tower of the church of Santa Maria la Mayor.
The layout of the main house was originally to a T-plan, with the assembly room to the front, and the refectory at a right angle to its center. The subsequent extensions of the North and South wings modified the original design.
As elsewhere, the core construction material is concrete, though the façade is faced in stone. In October 1927 Morgan wrote to Arthur Byne:
"We finally took the bull by the horns
and are facing the entire main building
with a Manti stone from Utah."
Morgan assured Hearst that it would be "the making of the building".
A cast-stone balcony fronts the second floor, and another in cast-iron the third. Above this is a large wooden overhang or gable. This was constructed in Siamese teak, originally intended to outfit a ship, which Morgan located in San Francisco.
The carving was undertaken by her senior carver Jules Suppo. Sara Holmes Boutelle suggests Morgan may have been inspired by a somewhat similar example at the Mission San Xavier del Bac in Arizona. The façade terminates with the bell towers, comprising the Celestial suites, the carillon towers and two cupolas.
The curator Victoria Kastner notes a particular feature of Casa Grande, the absence of any grand staircases. Access to the upper floors is either by elevators or stairwells in the corner turrets of the building. Many of the stairwells are undecorated and the plain, poured concrete contrasts with the richness of the decoration elsewhere.
The terrace in front of the entrance, named Central Plaza, has a quatrefoil pond at its center, with a statue of Galatea on a Dolphin. The statue was inherited, having been bought by Phoebe Hearst when her son was temporarily short of money.
The doorway from the Central Plaza into Casa Grande illustrates Morgan and Hearst's relaxed approach to combining genuine antiques with modern reproductions to achieve the effects they both desired. A 16th.-century iron gate from Spain is topped by a fanlight grille, constructed in a matching style in the 1920's by Ed Trinkeller, the castle's main ironmonger.
The castle made use of the latest technology. Casa Grande was wired with an early sound system, allowing guests to make music selections which were played from a Capehart phonograph located in the basement, and piped into rooms in the house through a system of speakers. Alternatively, six radio stations were available.
The entire estate was also equipped with 80 telephones, operated through a PBX switchboard, which was staffed 24 hours a day, and ran under the exclusive exchange 'Hacienda'.
Fortune recorded an example of Hearst's delighting in the ubiquitous access the system provided:
"A guest) fell to wondering about the result
of a ball game while seated by a campfire
with Mr Hearst, a day's ride from the castle.
'I'll tell you' volunteers Mr Hearst and,
fumbling with the rock against which he was
leaning, pulls from there a telephone, asks
for New York, and relieves his guest's curiosity".
The Assembly Room
The assembly room is the main reception room of the castle, described in 1985 by Taylor Coffman as:
"One of San Simeon's most
magnificent interiors".
The fireplace, originally from a Burgundian chateau in Jours-lès-Baigneux, is named the Great Barney Mantel, after a previous owner, Charles T. Barney, from whose estate Hearst bought it after Barney's suicide.
The ceiling is from an Italian palazzo. A concealed door in the paneling next to the fireplace allowed Hearst to surprise his guests by entering unannounced. The door opened off an elevator which connected with his Gothic suite on the third floor.
The assembly room, completed in 1926, is nearly 2,500 square feet in extent, and was described by the writer and illustrator Ludwig Bemelmans as:
"Looking like half of Grand
Central Station".
The room held some of Hearst's best tapestries. These include four from a set celebrating the Roman general Scipio Africanus, designed by Giulio Romano, and two copied from drawings by Peter Paul Rubens depicting The Triumph of Religion.
The need to fit the tapestries above the paneling and below the roof required the installation of the unusually low windows.
The room has the only piece of Victorian decorative art in the castle, the Orchid Vase lamp, made by Tiffany for the Exposition Universelle held in Paris in 1889. It was bought by Phoebe Hearst, who had the original vase converted to a lamp. William placed it in the assembly room in tribute to his mother.
The Refectory
The refectory was the only dining room in the castle, and was built between 1926 and 1927. The choir stalls which line the walls are from the La Seu d'Urgell Cathedral in Catalonia, and the silk flags mounted on the walls are Palio banners from Siena.
Hearst originally intended a "vaulted Moorish ceiling" for the room but, finding nothing suitable, he and Morgan settled on the Italian Renaissance example, dating from around 1600, which Hearst purchased from a dealer in Rome in 1924.
Victoria Kastner considered that the flat roof, with life-size carvings of saints:
"Strikes a discordant note of
horizontality among the vertical
lines of the room".
The style of the whole is Gothic, in contrast to the Renaissance approach adopted in the preceding assembly room. The refectory is said to have been Morgan's favorite interior within the castle.
The design of both the refectory and the assembly room was greatly influenced by the monumental architectural elements, especially the fireplaces and the choir stalls used as wainscoting, and works of art, particularly the tapestries, which Hearst determined would be incorporated into the rooms.
The central table provided seating for 22 in its usual arrangement of two tables, which could be extended to three or four, on the occasion of larger gatherings. The tables were sourced from an Italian monastery, and were the setting for some of the best pieces from Hearst's collection of silverware. One of the finest is a wine cooler dating from the early 18th. century and weighing 14.2 kg by the Anglo-French silversmith David Willaume.
The Library
The library is on the second floor, directly above the assembly room. The ceiling is 16th. century Spanish, and a remnant is used in the library's lobby. It comprises three separate ceilings, from different rooms in the same Spanish house, which Morgan combined into one.
The fireplace is the largest Italian example in the castle. Carved from limestone, it is attributed to the medieval sculptor and architect Benedetto da Maiano.
The library contains a collection of over 5,000 books, with another 3,700 in Hearst's study above. The majority of the library collections, including Hearst's choicest pieces from his sets of, often signed, first editions by Charles Dickens, his favorite author, were sold at sales at Parke-Bernet at 1939 and Gimbels in 1941. The library is also the location for much of Hearst's important holding of antique Greek vases.
The Cloisters and the Doge's Suite
The Cloisters form a grouping of four bedrooms above the refectory and, along with the Doge's Suite above the breakfast room, were completed in 1926. The Doge's Suite was occupied by Millicent Hearst on her rare visits to the castle.
The room is lined with blue silk, and has a Dutch painted ceiling, in addition to two more of Spanish origin, which was once the property of architect Stanford White.
Morgan also incorporated an original Venetian loggia in the suite, refashioned as a balcony. The suite leads on to Morgan's inventive North and South Duplex apartments, with sitting areas and bathrooms at entry level and bedrooms on mezzanine floors above.
The Gothic Suite
The Gothic suite was Hearst's private apartment on the third floor. He moved there in 1927. It comprises the Gothic study or library and Hearst's own South Gothic bedroom and private sitting room.
The ceiling of the bedroom is one of the best Hearst bought; Spanish, of the 14th. century, it was discovered by his Iberian agent Arthur Byne who also located the original frieze panels which had been detached and sold some time before.
The whole was installed at the castle in 1924. The space originally allocated for the study was too low to create the impression desired by Morgan and Hearst, a difficulty Morgan surmounted by raising the roof and supporting the ceiling with concrete trusses.
These, and the walls, were painted with frescoes by Camille Solon. Light was provided by two ranges of clerestory windows. The necessity of raising the roof to incorporate the study occasioned one of the few instances where Hearst hesitated:
"I telegraphed you my fear of the cost...
I imagine it would be ghastly."
Nevertheless Morgan urged further changes and expense. The result vindicated Morgan. The study, completed in 1931, is dominated by a portrait of Hearst at age 31, painted by his life-long friend, Orrin Peck.
The Celestial Suites
The Celestial bedrooms, with a connecting, shared, sitting room, were created between 1924 and 1926. The bell towers were raised to improve the proportions of the building, and the suites constructed in the spaces created below.
The relatively cramped spaces allowed no room for storage, and en-suite bathrooms were "awkwardly squeezed" into lower landings. Ludwig Bemelmans, a guest in the 1930's, recalled:
"There was no place to hang your
clothes, so I hung mine on wire
coat hangers that a former tenant
had left hanging on the arms of
two six-armed gold candelabra,
the rest I put on the floor".
The sitting room contains one of the most important paintings in Hearst's collection, Bonaparte Before the Sphinx (1868) by Jean-Léon Gérôme. The suites are linked externally by a walkway, the Celestial Bridge, which is decorated with elaborate tiling.
The North and South Wings
The North, or Billiard, and the South, or Service, wings complete the castle, and were begun in 1929.
The North wing houses the billiard room on the first floor, which was converted from the original breakfast room. It has a Spanish antique ceiling and a French fireplace, and contains the oldest tapestry in the castle, a Millefleur hunting scene woven in Flanders in the 15th. century.
The spandrel over the doorcase is decorated with a frieze of 16th. century Persian tiles depicting a battle. The 34 tiles originate from Isfahan and were purchased by Hearst at the Kevorkian sale in New York in 1922.
The theater, which leads off the billiard room, was used both for amateur theatricals and the showing of movies from Hearst's Cosmopolitan Studios. The theater accommodated fifty guests and had an electric keyboard that enabled the bells in the carillon towers to be played. The walls are decorated in red damask, which originally hung in the Assembly room, and feature gilded caryatids.
The upper stories of the North Wing were the last to be worked upon, and were never completed. Activity recommenced in 1945 and Morgan delegated the work to her assistant, Warren McClure. Many of the rooms are unfinished, but Aidala considers that the bathrooms in the wing represent first-rate examples of streamline design.
The Service Wing contains the kitchen. The hotel-scale units and worktops are constructed in Monel Metal, an expensive form of nickel alloy invented in 1901. The wing contains further bedroom suites, a staff dining room, and gives entry to the 9,000 square foot basement which contained a wine cellar, pantries, the boiler plant which heated the main house, and a barber shop, for the use of Hearst's guests.
Planned but Uncompleted Elements
Hearst and Morgan intended a large ballroom or cloister to connect the North and South wings at the rear of Casa Grande and unify the whole composition, but it was never undertaken.
In 1932, Hearst contemplated incorporating the reja (grille) he had acquired from Valladolid Cathedral in 1929 into this room. He described his vision in a letter to Morgan dated that year:
"A great ballroom and banqueting hall,
that is the scheme! Isn't it a pippin."
The letter was signed "Sincerely, Your Assistant Architect".
Other structures that did not develop beyond drawings and plans included two more guest houses, in English and Chinese architectural styles.
Collections
After a visit to Ansiglioni's workshop in 1889, William wrote the following in a letter to his mother:
"Why didn't you buy Ansiglioni's Galatea. It is
superb...I have a great notion to buy it myself,
the one thing that prevents me is a scarcity of
funds.
The man wants eight thousand dollars for the
blooming thing. I have the art fever terribly.
Queer, isn't it?
I never miss a gallery and I go and nosey about
the pictures and statuary and wish they were mine."
Hearst was a voracious collector of art, with the stated intention of making the castle "a museum of the best things that I can secure."
The dealer Joseph Duveen, from whom Hearst bought despite their mutual dislike, called him the "Great Accumulator." His robust approach to buying, particularly the purchase and removal of entire historic structures, generated considerable ill-feeling, and sometimes outright opposition.
William's deconstruction and removal of the 14th. century Bradenstoke Priory in England led the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings to organize a campaign which used language so violent that its posters had to be pasted over for fear of a libel suit.
Hearst sometimes encountered similar opposition elsewhere. In 1919 he was writing to Morgan about:
"The patio from Bergos (sic) which, by the
way, I own but cannot get out of Spain".
The dismantling of a monastery in Sacramenia, which Hearst bought in its entirety in the 1920's, saw his workmen attacked by enraged villagers.
Hearst's tardiness in paying his bills was another less attractive feature of his purchasing approach; in 1925 Morgan was obliged to write to Arthur Byne:
"Mr. Hearst accepts your
dictum – cash or nothing".
Some of the finest pieces from the collections of books and manuscripts, tapestries, paintings, antiquities and sculpture, amounting to about half of Hearst's total art holdings, were sold in sales in the late 1930's and early 1940's, when Hearst's publishing empire was facing financial collapse, but a great deal remains.
William's art buying had started when he was young and, in his tested fashion, he established a company, the International Studio Arts Corporation, as a vehicle for purchasing works and as a means of dealing with their export and import.
In 1975, the Hearst Corporation donated the archive of Hearst's Brooklyn warehouses, the gathering point for almost all of his European acquisitions before their dispersal to his many homes, to Long Island University.
As of 2015, the university has embarked on a digitization project which will ultimately see the 125 albums of records, and sundry other materials, made available online.
Antiquities
The ancient Egyptian, Greek and Roman antiquities are the oldest works in Hearst's collection. The oldest of all are the stone figures of the Egyptian goddess Sekhmet which stand on the South Esplanade below Casa Grande. They date from the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Dynasties, approximately 1550 to 1189 BC.
Morgan designed the pool setting for the pieces, with tiling inspired by ancient Egyptian motifs. In the courtyard of Casa del Monte is one of a total of nine Roman sarcophagi collected by Hearst, dated to 230 AD, and previously held at the Palazzo Barberini, which was acquired at the Charles T. Yerkes sale in 1910.
The most important element of the antiquities collection is the holding of Greek vases, on display in the second-floor library. Although 65 vases were purchased by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York after Hearst's death, those which remain at the castle still form one of the world's largest private groups. Hearst began collecting vases in 1901, and his collection was moved from his New York homes to the castle in 1935.
At its peak, the collection numbered over 400 pieces. The vases were placed on the tops of the bookshelves in the library, each carefully wired in place to guard against vibrations from earthquakes. At the time of Hearst's collecting, many of the vases were believed to be of Etruscan manufacture, but later scholars ascribe all of them to Greece.
Sculptures
Hearst often bought multiple lots from sales of major collections; in 1930 he purchased five antique Roman statues from the Lansdowne sale in London. Four are now in the collection of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, and one in the Metropolitan.
William collected bronzes as well as marble figures; a cast of a stone original of Apollo and Daphne by Bernini, dating from around 1617, stands in the Doge's suite.
In addition to his classical sculptures, Hearst was content to acquire 19th. century versions, or contemporary copies of ancient works:
"If we cannot find the right thing
in a classic statue, we can find a
modern one".
He was a particular patron of Charles Cassou, and also favored the early 19th. century Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen whose Venus Victorious remains at the castle.
Both this, and the genuinely classical Athena from the collection of Thomas Hope, were displayed in the Assembly room, along with the Venus Italica by Antonio Canova. Other works by Thorvaldsen include the four large marble medallions in the Assembly room depicting society's virtues.
Two 19th. century marbles are in the anteroom to the Assembly room, Bacchante, by Frederick William MacMonnies, a copy of his bronze original, and Pygmalion and Galatea by Gérôme.
A monumental statue of Galatea, attributed to Leopoldo Ansiglioni and dating from around 1882, stands in the center of the pool on the Main terrace in front of Casa Grande.
Textiles
Tapestries include the Scipio set by Romano in the Assembly room, two from a set telling the Biblical story of Daniel in the Morning room, and the millefleur hunting scene in the Billiard room. The hunting scene is particularly rare, one of only "a handful from this period in the world".
Hearst also assembled and displayed an important collection of Navajo textiles at San Simeon, including blankets, rugs and serapes. Most were purchased from Herman Schweizer, who ran the Indian Department of the Fred Harvey Company.
Originally gathered at Hearst's hacienda at Jolon, they were moved to Wyntoon in 1940 before being brought to San Simeon. They were finally donated to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 1942.
Hearst was always interested in pieces that had historical and cultural connections to the history of California and Central and Latin America. The North Wing contains two Peruvian armorial banners. Dating from the 1580's, they show the shields of Don Luis Jerónimo Fernández Cabrera y Bobadilla, Count of Chinchón and viceroy of Peru.
Nathaniel Burt, the composer and critic evaluated the collections at San Simeon thus:
"Far from being the mere kitsch that
most easterners have been led to
believe, San Simeon is full of real
beauties and treasures".
Paintings
The art collection includes works by Tintoretto, whose portrait of Alvisius Vendramin hangs in the Doge's suite, Franz Xaver Winterhalter who carried out the double portraits of Maximilian I of Mexico and his empress Carlota, located in Casa del Mar, and two portraits of Napoléon by Jean-Léon Gérôme.
Hearst's earliest painting, a Madonna and Child from the school of Duccio di Buoninsegna, dates from the early 14th. century. A gift from his friend, the editor Cissy Patterson, the painting hangs in Hearst's bedroom.
Portrait of a Woman, by Giulio Campi, hangs in a bedroom in the North Wing. In 1928 Hearst acquired the Madonna and Child with Two Angels, by Adriaen Isenbrandt.
The curator Taylor Coffman describes this work, which hangs in the Casa del Mar sitting room, as perhaps "San Simeon's finest painting". In 2018, a previously unattributed Annunciation in the Assembly room was identified as a work of 1690 by Bartolomé Pérez.
The Gardens and Grounds of Hearst Castle
The Esplanade, a curving, paved walkway, connects the main house with the guest cottages; Hearst described it as:
"Giving a finished touch to the big
house, to frame it in, as it were."
Morgan designed the pedestrianized pavement with great care, to create a coup de théâtre for guests, desiring:
"A strikingly noble and saississant effect
be impressed upon everyone on arrival."
Hearst concurred:
"Heartily approve. I certainly want that
saississant effect. I don't know what it
is, but I think we ought to have at least
one such on the premises".
A feature of the gardens are the lampposts topped with alabaster globes; modeled on "janiform hermae", the concept was Hearst's. The Swan lamps, remodeled with alabaster globe lights to match the hermae, were designed by Morgan's chief draftsman, Thaddeus Joy.
Others who influenced Hearst and Morgan in their landscaping include Charles Adams Platt, an artist and gardener who had made a particular study of the layout and planting of Italian villas. Also Nigel Keep, Hearst's orchardman, who worked at San Simeon from 1922 to 1947, and Albert Webb, Hearst's English head gardener who was at the hill from 1922 to 1948.
The Neptune Pool
The Neptune Pool, "the most sumptuous swimming pool on earth", is located near the edge of the hilltop. It is enclosed by a retaining wall and underpinned by a framework of concrete struts to allow for movement in the event of earthquakes.
The pool is often cited as an example of Hearst's changeability; it was reconstructed three times before he was finally satisfied. Originally begun as an ornamental pond, it was first expanded in 1924 as Millicent Hearst desired a swimming pool.
It was enlarged again during 1926–1928 to accommodate Cassou's statuary. Finally, in 1934, it was extended again to act as a setting for a Roman temple, in part original and in part comprising elements from other structures which Hearst transported from Europe and had reconstructed at the site.
The pool holds 345,000 gallons of water, and is equipped with seventeen shower and changing rooms. It was heated by oil-fired burners. In early 2014, the pool was drained due to drought conditions and leakage.
After a long-term restoration project to fix the leaking, the pool was refilled in August 2018. The restoration of the pool was recognized with a Preservation Design Award for Craftsmanship from the California Preservation Foundation in 2019.
The pool is well-supplied with sculpture, particularly works by Charles Cassou. His centerpiece, opposite the Roman temple, is The Birth of Venus. An even larger sculptural grouping, depicting Neptune in a chariot drawn by four horses, was commissioned to fill the empty basin above the Venus. Although carved, it was never installed.
Roman Pool
The Roman Pool, constructed under the tennis courts, provided an indoor alternative to the Neptune pool. Originally mooted by Hearst in 1927, construction did not begin until 1930, and the pool was not completed until 1935.
Hearst initially wanted the pool to be fed by salt-water, but the design challenges proved to be insuperable. A disastrous attempt to fulfill Hearst's desires by pouring 20 tons of washed rock salt into the pool saw the disintegration of the cast-iron heat exchanger and pump.
Inspiration for the mosaic decoration came from the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia in Ravenna. The tiles are of Murano glass, with gold-leaf, and were designed by Solon and manufactured in San Francisco.
Although a pool of "spectacular beauty", it was little used as it was located in a less-visited part of the complex.
The Pergola and Zoo
Two other major features of the grounds were the pergola and the zoo. The pergola, an ornamental bridleway, runs to the west of Casa Grande. Comprising concrete columns, covered in espaliered fruit trees, Morgan ensured that it was built to a height sufficient to allow Hearst, "a tall man with a tall hat on a tall horse", to ride unimpeded down its mile-long length.
Plans for a zoo, to house Hearst's large collection of wild animals, were drawn up by Morgan, and included an elephant house and separate enclosures for antelopes, camels, zebras and bears. The zoo was never constructed, but a range of shelters and pits were built, sited on Orchard Hill.
The Estate
At the height of Hearst's ownership, the estate totaled more than 250,000 acres. W. C. Fields commented on the extent of the estate while on a visit:
"Wonderful place to bring up children.
You can send them out to play. They
won't come back till they're grown."
23 miles to the north of the castle, Morgan constructed the Milpitas Hacienda, a ranch-house that acted as a trianon to the main estate, and as a focus for riding expeditions.
Appraisals of Hearst Castle
As with Hearst himself, Hearst Castle and its collections have been the subject of considerable criticism. From the 1940's the view of Hearst and Morgan's most important joint creation as the phantasmagorical Xanadu of Orson Welles's imagination has been commonplace.
Some literary depictions were gently mocking; P. G. Wodehouse's novel of 1953, The Return of Jeeves has a character describe her stay:
"I remember visiting San Simeon once,
and there was a whole French Abbey
lying on the grass."
John Steinbeck's unnamed description was certainly of Hearst:
"They's a fella, newspaper fella near the
coast, got a million acres. Fat, sof' fella
with little mean eyes an' a mouth like a
ass-hole".
The writer John Dos Passos went further, explicitly referencing Hearst in the third volume of his 1938 U.S.A trilogy:
"The emperor of newsprint retired to his
fief of San Simeon where he built an
Andalusian palace and there spends his
last years amid the relaxing adulations
of screen stars, admen, screenwriters,
publicity-men, columnists.
Until he dies, a spent Caesar grown old
with spending."
The English architectural writer Clive Aslet was little more complimentary about the castle. Disliking its "unsympathetic texture of poured concrete", he described it as "best seen from a distance".
The unfinished, and unresolved, rear façade of Casa Grande has been the subject of particular negative comment; Carleton Winslow and Nicola Frye, in their history from 1980, suggest:
"The flanking North and South wings
compete rather disastrously with the
central doge's suite block."
Others questioned the castle's very existence; the architect Witold Rybczynski asked:
"What is this Italian villa doing on the
Californian Coastal Range? A costly
piece of theatrical décor that ignores
its context and lacks meaning."
Hearst's collections were similarly disparaged. The art historian William George Constable echoed Joseph Duveen when he assessed Hearst as:
"Not a collector but a gigantic
and voracious magpie."
Later decades after Hearst's death have seen a more sympathetic and appreciative evaluation of his collections, and the estate he and Morgan created to house them.
The director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Thomas Hoving, although listing Hearst only at number 83 in his evaluation of America's top 101 art collectors, wrote:
"Hearst is being reevaluated. He may
have been much more of a collector
than was thought at the time of his
death."
The curator Mary Levkoff, in her 2008 study, Hearst the Collector, contends that he was indeed a collector, describing the four separate "staggeringly important" collections of antique vases, tapestries, armor and silver which Hearst had brought together.
She wrote of the challenge of bringing their artistic merit to light from under the shadow of his own reputation.
Of Morgan's building, its stock has risen with the re-evaluation of her standing and accomplishments, which saw her inducted into the California Hall of Fame in 2008. She became the first woman to receive the American Institute of Architects Gold Medal in 2014, and to have an obituary in The New York Times as recently as 2019.
The writer John Julius Norwich recorded his recantation after a visit to the castle:
"I went prepared to mock; I remained
to marvel. Hearst Castle is a palace in
every sense of the word."
Final Thoughts From William Randolph Hearst
"News is something somebody doesn't
want printed; all else is advertising.”
"Don't be afraid to make a mistake,
your readers might like it."
"Putting out a newspaper without
promotion is like winking at a girl
in the dark -- well-intentioned, but
ineffective."
"Truth is not only stranger than
fiction, it is more interesting."
"You must keep your mind on the
objective, not on the obstacle."