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My first book has been released! I am one of the 56 artists featured in the Chinese publication "I LOVE HANDICRAFT- 56 Craft Creators' interview and DIY Tips". There is an interview, a bunch of photos of my work, and the instructions for my iPod cover. ISBN: 978-7-5019-6288-4
Find order information here.
SOLD OUT
© COPYRIGHT NOTICE
All rights of my work are reserved to © Siân Bowi 2015 and may not be reproduced, copied, edited, published, transmitted or uploaded in any way without my written permission.
Sylva, NC
Jackson County
Most of the time photographers are in the street below shooting back up toward the Historic Jackson County Courthouse. It is said to be the most photographed courthouse in NC. Here, I am standing on the steps of the courthouse to show you a view of our little town. The population of Sylva as of the 2010 census was 2,588.
This photograph was selected to be used on the cover of The Yellowbook 2014 - 2015 for Jackson County.
Published by Moore Harness LTD - UK.
UK Horror & supernatural comic!
Reprints various 1950's USA 'Stanley Comic' strips!
In the mid-1950s the Stanley Morse companies published over 30 comic titles, numbering close to 200 individual issues. Most of the popular and longer-running titles were horror/suspense, including SHOCK, MISTER MYSTERY and WEIRD MYSTERIES. Like many companies of the time, Stanley Morse gave up on comics in 1956, concentrating instead of a more successful line of Men's Magazines. In 1970 someone st Stanley decided to ressurrect the comic line by pulling out some of those 1950s stories and reprinting them as B&W titles. GHOUL TALES has new covers, but all the stories are some of those exicitng tales from the 1950s, brought forward 15-20 years (and now another 50 years on top of that!) for another shot at comic immortality. This is your chance to experience some comic history and enjoy great stories, at the more eocnomical B&W price. We are confident that even those stories unattributed to source are reprinted from 1950s comics, but with new titles it has surely been a challenge to sort out where they came from.
1 - Terror On TV!
2 - Destiny's Double Deal!
3 - The Chase!
4 - Hen Pecked!
5 - The Bogeyman
6 - Voice Of Doom
7 - Living Clay!
8 - The Night People
Habakuka is famous now that she's one of the cats in the (Amazon) book (published 8 Jan. 2013) Cute Cats From Around The World [Kindle Edition] by Alex Rosel
www.freeads.co.uk/uk/freestuff/buy__sell/pets/cats/non-pe...
Text:
Name of owner - Zeev Barkan
Sex of cat - Female
Breed or type of cat - Street cat
Home town or district where your cat lives - Jerusalem Israel
How I originally got my cat - I don't like cats or pets. Habacuca was my son's cat, but when he left home she stayed with me, and now it is hard to imagine my life without her. She is the boss, and she orders me when to wake up, what to eat, and which door to open. She tries to stay close to me as long as possible because life is less dangerous when a human being is your bodyguard.
You may credit me as the photographer and cat owner.
=
Watch her on YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=PvyvxVASH_g&feature=youtube_g...
Self-published hand-made book Did we ever meet? Winner of Rock your dummy Award 2013. Full info and order at www.offonroad.com/books/did-we-ever-meet/
Besides here, I publish different stuff in Instagram and Facebook, so you may want to follow me there too:
Instagram: www.instagram.com/tefocoto/
And Facebook: www.facebook.com/PerfectPixel.es/
PLEASE
• Do not post animated gifs or pictures in your comments. Especially the "awards". These will simply be deleted and the poster blocked. Unless it's an interesting other picture, for comparison or reference.
• No invitations to groups where one must comment and/or invite and/or give award and no group icon without any comment. These will simply be deleted and the poster blocked.
Nothing personal here, I simply don't see the usefulness of such actions. On the other hand I encourage you to critic my work as I believe that is the best way to improve my photography. Thank you!
POR FAVOR
-No pongas gifs animados, logos o premios (awards) en tu comentario. A no ser que la imagen que incluyas esté para compararla con la mía o para ilustrar un punto de vista borraré esos comentarios y bloquearé al que lo pone.
-No me envíes invitaciones a grupos donde exista la obligación de comentar o premiar fotos, ni a aquellos donde existe un comentario preformateado con el logo del grupo. Borraré esos comentarios y bloquearé al que lo pone.
Nada personal, es solo que no le veo el sentido a ese tipo de comportamientos. A cambio te animo a que me critiques sin piedad, pero con respeto, mi trabajo, porque solo así puedo seguir avanzando como fotógrafo. Gracias!
SPRING STORM SNAPS
Hugh & Jeannette Greaves had lots of snow to manage on their farm near Deerwood, Man., after last week's storm
Welcome ladies to your eighth panel!
This week you girls posed in edgy & shocking shots for the cover of Mood Magazine. The winner of this week’s challenge will have their cover published.
Let’s just get right into the critiques, in alphabetical order. Starting with Aisha;
Aisha:
I REALLY love this. The look is over-all very cohesive & dark, and everything i was looking for. It’s well edited & very eye-catching. I do however have an issue with how you changed the design of the template I gave… It totally messes up it’s cohesive-ness with any of the other covers I’ve done. If you didn’t do that, this would be literal PERFECTION.
Bizou: www.flickr.com/photos/cherrylipgloss100/33913986268/in/ph...
This is extremely pretty & artsy! I’m so into the look you gave here. The only things I would’ve wanted is for the photo to be in a little closer because there’s wayyyy too much head room, and I also would’ve loved to see you have a slightly more bitchy expression. Still such a great photo!
Carrie: www.flickr.com/photos/147623741@N04/33876663538/in/photos...
You see, I like this look and you’ve done it REALLY well… But it just seems very under-whelming in comparison to most of the other girls. I asked for shocking, and this is fairly basic to me. You could’ve taken the E-Girl style to a much more shocking & edgy place but unfortunately you didn’t. If the theme was E-Girl, you would have KILLED IT! But, that’s not exactly what I was looking for. Also, there’s a few details like your orange brows + blonde hair, those strange clips and your poorly edited checkered shirt that also let you down.
Cleopatra: www.flickr.com/photos/157608442@N04/46820251185/in/photos...
Honestly, this week you’ve kinda left me feeling disappointed. You often do edgy photos so I was expecting you to kill it this week, but it just seems rather messy. Your outfit is cute & I love your brows, but I just wish more was going on in terms of the photo besides that you’re reading a bible. The bible is a cute touch, but you could’ve ran with it and made it even more shocking & nasty. The photo also seems much too dark, especially because you left the Mood logo in black. Lowkey expected better this week.
Gina: www.flickr.com/photos/143613184@N02/47866843961/in/datepo...
Ok, fashion girl! This outfit, this hair & brows combo, this hot makeup. I LIVE! You really turned it out this week and I’m so happy. Everything here is so good, but there’s just one thing that’s a bit much for me and that’s the different design elements going on; we have a gradient, and a red drop shadow and a plain grey font, and some bevel+emboss on only some parts… It’s just a bit inconsistent, but still over-all an absolute serve.
Kirby: www.flickr.com/photos/jkuli0/47843804121/in/photosof-9427...
I’m loving you with this red hair! The look over-all is perfect and your design is pretty good. I just feel like your face is a bit dull looking & the top of your dress seems a bit unfitting. There’s also just A LOT going on, so maybe just trying to simplify things a bit in the future could help. A good photo, just not your best.
Lisa-Sandra: www.flickr.com/photos/bratzboymax/47688673952/in/photosof...
This is really good! I’m loving you in this edgy blonde look. The pose & face are as always, a serve. However, I do wish the photo was cropped in more because like Bizou, there’s too much head room. I also wish your lip colour was either red like the font, or the font was purple like your lips because at the moment it’s just a bit too jumbled for me. Really great, though!
Although I had to unfortunately eliminate Sadie for not contacting me any further, there will still be an elimination.
The girl with best photo, and going to have her cover published is….
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1. Gina!
Congratulations on your second, FCO! Your Mugler SERVE was shocking.
The rest of the call-out:
2. Aisha
3. Bizou
4. Lisa-Sandra
5. Kirby
BOTTOM TWO
CLEOPATRA & CARRIE
This week, you two both let me down. Cleopatra, I expected a much more edgy & shocking photo from you but instead you gave me something dull & simple. Carrie, although your photo was HOT it wasn’t really at all on theme, or at least you didn’t take it to where it could be. It sucks to see either of you go, but only one can stay. The girl still in the running is…
SAFE: Cleopatra. Congratulations, your past work has been enough to keep you safe.
ELIMINATED: Carrie. I’m really sorry to see you go. You’ve done so well these past 8 weeks & I’m excited to see what you do in the future. You may exit.
Okay ladies… So because now that we’re officially down to our Top 6, that means we’re going to take things international. The six of your better get your passports ready because we’re going to…..
CHINA.
Home of one of the fashion capitals of the world, Shanghai. Full of colourful sceneries & exciting fashion.
NEW THEME HERE:
6 girls remain. Who will be eliminated next?
The Postcard
An Art-Tone Series Pictorial Wonderland postcard that was published by the Stanley A. Piltz Company of San Francisco, California.
In the space for the stamp it states:
'Place One Cent
Stamp Here.'
The following is also printed on the divided back of the card:
"Probably nowhere else in the world
is there such an impressive sight, as
the night view of the massive Golden
Gate Bridge, which spans the world-
renowned 'Golden Gate' entrance to
San Francisco Bay.
Brilliantly illuminated, and with its
mighty towers rising 746 feet above
the waters of the Bay, it greets the
incoming ships and may be seen
from many miles at sea."
The Golden Gate Bridge
The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the one-mile-wide (1.6 km) strait connecting San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. The structure links the U.S. city of San Francisco, California—the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula—to Marin County, carrying both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait.
The bridge also carries pedestrian and bicycle traffic, and is designated as part of U.S. Bicycle Route 95. Recognized by the American Society of Civil Engineers as one of the Wonders of the Modern World, the bridge is one of the most internationally recognized symbols of San Francisco and California.
The idea of a fixed link between San Francisco and Marin had gained increasing popularity during the late 19th. century, but it was not until the early 20th. century that such a link became feasible.
Joseph Strauss served as chief engineer for the project, with Leon Moisseiff, Irving Morrow and Charles Ellis making significant contributions to the bridge's design.
The bridge opened to the public in 1937, and has undergone various retrofits and other improvement projects in the decades since.
The Golden Gate Bridge is described in Frommer's Travel Guide as:
"Possibly the most beautiful, certainly
the most photographed, bridge in the
world."
At the time of its opening, it was both the longest and the tallest suspension bridge in the world, titles it held until 1964 and 1998 respectively. Its main span is 4,200 feet (1,280 m), and its total height is 746 feet (227 m).
History of the Golden Gate Bridge
Before the bridge was built, the only practical short route between San Francisco and what is now Marin County was by boat across a section of San Francisco Bay.
A ferry service began as early as 1820, with a regularly scheduled service beginning in the 1840's for the purpose of transporting water to San Francisco.
The Sausalito Land and Ferry Company service, launched in 1867, eventually became the Golden Gate Ferry Company, a Southern Pacific Railroad subsidiary, and the largest ferry operation in the world by the late 1920's.
Once for railroad passengers and customers only, Southern Pacific's automobile ferries became very profitable and important to the regional economy.
The ferry crossing between the Hyde Street Pier in San Francisco and Sausalito Ferry Terminal in Marin County took approximately 20 minutes and cost $1.00 per vehicle, a price later reduced to compete with the new bridge.
The ferry trip from the San Francisco Ferry Building took 27 minutes.
Many wanted to build a bridge to connect San Francisco to Marin County. San Francisco was the largest American city still served primarily by ferry boats. Because it did not have a permanent link with communities around the bay, the city's growth rate was below the national average.
Many experts said that a bridge could not be built across the 6,700-foot (2,000-metre) strait, which had strong, swirling tides and currents, with water 372 ft (113 m) deep at the center of the channel, and frequent strong winds.
Experts said that ferocious winds and blinding fogs would prevent construction and operation.
Conception
Although the idea of a bridge spanning the Golden Gate was not new, the proposal that eventually took hold was made in a 1916 San Francisco Bulletin article by former engineering student James Wilkins.
San Francisco's City Engineer estimated the cost at $100 million (equivalent to $2.5 billion today), and impractical for the time. He asked bridge engineers whether it could be built for less.
One who responded, Joseph Strauss, was an ambitious engineer and poet who had, for his graduate thesis, designed a 55-mile-long (89 km) railroad bridge across the Bering Strait.
At the time, Strauss had completed some 400 drawbridges—most of which were inland—and nothing on the scale of the new project. Strauss's initial drawings were for a massive cantilever on each side of the strait, connected by a central suspension segment, which Strauss promised could be built for $17 million (equivalent to $423 million today).
Local authorities agreed to proceed only on the assurance that Strauss would alter the design, and accept input from several consulting project experts. A suspension-bridge design was considered the most practical, because of recent advances in metallurgy.
Strauss spent more than a decade drumming up support in Northern California. The bridge faced opposition, including litigation, from many sources. The Department of War was concerned that the bridge would interfere with ship traffic. The US Navy feared that a ship collision or sabotage to the bridge could block the entrance to one of its main harbors.
Unions demanded guarantees that local workers would be favored for construction jobs. Southern Pacific Railroad, one of the most powerful business interests in California, opposed the bridge as competition to its ferry fleet and filed a lawsuit against the project, leading to a mass boycott of the ferry service.
In May 1924, Colonel Herbert Deakyne held the second hearing on the Bridge on behalf of the Secretary of War in a request to use federal land for construction. Deakyne approved the transfer of land needed for the bridge structure to the "Bridging the Golden Gate Association," pending further bridge plans by Strauss.
Another ally was the fledgling automobile industry, which supported the development of roads and bridges to increase demand for automobiles.
The bridge's name was first used when the project was initially discussed in 1917 by Strauss and M. M. O'Shaughnessy, city engineer of San Francisco. The name became official with the passage of the Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District Act by the state legislature in 1923, creating a special district to design, build and finance the bridge.
San Francisco and most of the counties along the North Coast of California joined the Golden Gate Bridge District, with the exception being Humboldt County, whose residents opposed the bridge's construction and the traffic it would generate.
Design of the Golden Gate Bridge
Strauss was the chief engineer in charge of the overall design and construction of the bridge project. However, because he had little understanding or experience with cable-suspension designs, responsibility for much of the engineering and architecture fell on other experts.
Strauss's initial design proposal (two double cantilever spans linked by a central suspension segment) was unacceptable from a visual standpoint. The final graceful suspension design was conceived and championed by Leon Moisseiff, the engineer of the Manhattan Bridge in New York City.
Irving Morrow, a relatively unknown residential architect, designed the overall shape of the bridge towers, the lighting scheme, and Art Deco elements, such as the tower decorations, streetlights, railing, and walkways.
The famous International Orange color was Morrow's personal selection, winning out over other possibilities, including the US Navy's suggestion that it be painted with black and yellow stripes to ensure visibility by passing ships.
Senior engineer Charles Alton Ellis, collaborating remotely with Moisseiff, was the principal engineer of the project. Moisseiff produced the basic structural design, introducing his "deflection theory" by which a thin, flexible roadway would flex in the wind, greatly reducing stress by transmitting forces via suspension cables to the bridge towers.
Although the Golden Gate Bridge design has proved sound, a later Moisseiff design, the original Tacoma Narrows Bridge, collapsed in a strong windstorm soon after it was completed, because of an unexpected aeroelastic flutter.
Ellis was also tasked with designing a "bridge within a bridge" in the southern abutment, to avoid the need to demolish Fort Point, a pre–Civil War masonry fortification viewed, even then, as worthy of historic preservation. He designed a graceful steel arch spanning the fort and carrying the roadway to the bridge's southern anchorage.
Ellis was a Greek scholar and mathematician who at one time was a University of Illinois professor of engineering, despite having no engineering degree. He eventually earned a degree in civil engineering from the University of Illinois prior to designing the Golden Gate Bridge, and spent the last twelve years of his career as a professor at Purdue University.
He became an expert in structural design, writing the standard textbook of the time. Ellis did much of the technical and theoretical work that built the bridge, but he received none of the credit in his lifetime.
In November 1931, Strauss fired Ellis, and replaced him with a former subordinate, Clifford Paine, ostensibly for wasting too much money sending telegrams back and forth to Moisseiff.
Ellis, obsessed with the project and unable to find work elsewhere during the Depression, continued working 70 hours per week on an unpaid basis, eventually turning in ten volumes of hand calculations.
With an eye toward self-promotion and posterity, Strauss downplayed the contributions of his collaborators who, despite receiving little recognition or compensation, were largely responsible for the final form of the bridge.
Strauss succeeded in having himself credited as the person most responsible for the design and vision of the bridge. Only much later were the contributions of the others on the design team properly appreciated.
In May 2007, the Golden Gate Bridge District issued a formal report on 70 years of stewardship of the famous bridge, and decided to give Ellis major credit for the design of the bridge.
Financing the Golden Gate Bridge
The Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District was incorporated in 1928 as the official entity to design, construct, and finance the Golden Gate Bridge. However, after the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the District was unable to raise the construction funds, so it lobbied for a $30 million bond measure (equivalent to $473 million today).
The bonds were approved in November 1930, by votes in the counties affected by the bridge. The construction budget at the time of approval was $27 million ($438 million today). However, the District was unable to sell the bonds until 1932, when Amadeo Giannini, the founder of the San Francisco–based Bank of America, agreed on behalf of his bank to buy the entire issue in order to help the local economy.
Construction of the Golden Gate Bridge
Construction began on the 5th. January 1933. The project cost more than $35 million ($550 million in 2021 dollars), and was completed ahead of schedule and $1.3 million under budget.
The construction project was carried out by the McClintic-Marshall Construction Co., a subsidiary of the Bethlehem Steel Corporation.
Strauss remained head of the project, overseeing day-to-day construction, and making some groundbreaking contributions. A graduate of the University of Cincinnati, he placed a brick from his alma mater's demolished McMicken Hall in the south anchorage before the concrete was poured.
Strauss innovated the use of movable safety netting beneath the men working, which saved many lives. The nineteen men who were saved by the nets over the course of the project formed the Half Way to Hell Club.
Nonetheless, eleven men were killed in falls, ten on the 17th. February 1937, when a scaffold with twelve men on it, which was secured by undersized bolts, fell and broke through the safety net; two of the twelve survived the 200-foot (61 m) fall into the water.
The bridge opened on the 27th. May 1937.
The Bridge Round House, an Art Deco design by Alfred Finnila that was completed in 1938, has been popular throughout the years as a starting point for various commercial tours of the bridge, and as an unofficial gift shop.
The Round House was renovated in 2012, and the gift shop was removed as a new, official gift shop has been included in the adjacent plaza.
During the bridge work, the Assistant Civil Engineer of California, Alfred Finnila, had overseen the entire iron work of the bridge, as well as half of the bridge's road work.
The Torsional Bracing Retrofit
On the 1st. December 1951, a windstorm revealed swaying and rolling instabilities of the bridge, resulting in its closure. In 1953 and 1954, the bridge was retrofitted with lateral and diagonal bracing that connected the lower chords of the two side trusses.
This bracing stiffened the bridge deck in torsion so that it would better resist the types of twisting that had destroyed the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940.
Bridge Deck Replacement (1982–1986)
The original bridge used a concrete deck. Salt carried by fog or mist reached the steel rebar, causing corrosion and concrete spalling.
Accordingly, from 1982 to 1986, the original bridge deck, in 747 sections, was systematically replaced with 40% lighter, and stronger, steel orthotropic deck panels, over a total of 401 nights without closing the roadway completely to traffic.
The roadway was also widened by two feet. The deck replacement was the bridge's greatest engineering project since it was built, and cost over $68 million.
Opening Festivities, and 50th. and 75th. Anniversaries
The bridge-opening celebration in 1937 began on the 27th. May and lasted for one week. The day before vehicle traffic was allowed, 200,000 people crossed either on foot or on roller skates.
On the opening day, Mayor Angelo Rossi and other officials rode the ferry to Marin, then crossed the bridge in a motorcade past three ceremonial "barriers," the last being a blockade of beauty queens who required Joseph Strauss to present the bridge to the Highway District before allowing him to pass.
An official song, "There's a Silver Moon on the Golden Gate," was chosen to commemorate the event. Strauss wrote a poem that is now on the Golden Gate Bridge entitled "The Mighty Task is Done."
The next day, President Franklin D. Roosevelt pushed a button in Washington, D.C. signaling the official start of vehicle traffic over the Bridge at noon. Weeks of civil and cultural activities called "the Fiesta" followed. A statue of Strauss was moved in 1955 to a site near the bridge.
As part of the fiftieth anniversary celebration in 1987, the Golden Gate Bridge district again closed the bridge to automobile traffic and allowed pedestrians to cross it on the 24th. May 1987.
This Sunday morning celebration attracted 750,000 to 1,000,000 people, and ineffective crowd control meant that the bridge became congested with roughly 300,000 people, causing the center span of the bridge to flatten out under the weight.
Although the bridge is designed to flex in that way under heavy loads, and was estimated not to have exceeded 40% of the yielding stress of the suspension cables, bridge officials stated that uncontrolled pedestrian access was not being considered as part of the 75th. anniversary on Sunday, May 27, 2012, because of the additional law enforcement costs required "since 9/11."
Commemorative Bricks
On the 50th. anniversary of the opening of the Golden Gate Bridge in 1987, individuals and organizations were invited to buy a commemorative brick in order to fund the 50th. anniversary celebration.
More than 7,500 donors responded, personalizing their brick with inscriptions and tributes. The bricks were installed on the ground, creating a brick promenade.
Unfortunately, 25 years later, for the upcoming 75th. of the Golden Gate Bridge, the need for a DDA compliant area, as the slope was too steep, implied remodeling the whole promenade.
The contractors were unable to take the bricks out one by one, and so the brick promenade was demolished, with the contributors being unable to get their bricks back.
However, to honor and respect their contributions, all the donors' names and the inscriptions they had chosen for their bricks have been preserved and written on panels.
The panels are located inside the "Equator Coffees", on its rounded walls. The names and inscriptions are listed in alphabetical order, to make them easier to find and read.
Structural Specifications
On display on the south side of the bridge is a 36.5-inch-wide (93 cm) cross-section of the cable, containing 27,572 wires.
Until 1964, the Golden Gate Bridge had the longest suspension bridge main span in the world, at 4,200 feet (1,300 m). Since 1964 its main span length has been surpassed by seventeen bridges; it now has the second-longest main span in the Americas, after the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge in New York City. The total length of the Golden Gate Bridge from abutment to abutment is 8,981 feet (2,737 m).
The Golden Gate Bridge's clearance above high water averages 220 feet (67 m), while its towers, at 746 feet (227 m) above the water, were the world's tallest on a suspension bridge until 1993 when it was surpassed by the Mezcala Bridge, in Mexico.
The weight of the roadway is hung from 250 pairs of vertical suspender ropes, which are attached to the two main cables. The main cables pass over the two main towers, and are fixed in concrete at each end.
The total length of galvanized steel wire used to fabricate both main cables is estimated to be 80,000 miles (130,000 km).
Each of the bridge's two towers has approximately 600,000 rivets.
Aesthetics of the Golden Gate Bridge
Aesthetics was the foremost reason why the first design of Joseph Strauss was rejected. Upon re-submission of his bridge construction plan, he added details, such as lighting, to outline the bridge's cables and towers.
In 1999, it was ranked fifth on the List of America's Favorite Architecture by the American Institute of Architects.
The color of the bridge is officially an orange vermilion called international orange. The color was selected by consulting architect Irving Morrow because it complements the natural surroundings, and enhances the bridge's visibility in fog.
The bridge was originally painted with red lead primer and a lead-based topcoat, which was touched up as required. In the mid-1960's, a program was started to improve corrosion protection by stripping the original paint and re-painting the bridge with zinc silicate primer and vinyl topcoats.
Since 1990, acrylic topcoats have been used instead for air-quality reasons. The program was completed in 1995, and it is now maintained by 38 painters who touch up the paintwork where it becomes seriously corroded. The ongoing maintenance task of painting the bridge is continuous.
Traffic on the Golden Gate Bridge
The movable median barrier between the lanes is moved several times daily to conform to traffic patterns. On weekday mornings, traffic flows mostly southbound into the city, so four of the six lanes run southbound. Conversely, on weekday afternoons, four lanes run northbound. During off-peak periods and weekends, traffic is split with three lanes in each direction.
From 1968 to 2015, opposing traffic was separated by small, plastic pylons; during that time, there were 16 fatalities resulting from 128 head-on collisions.
To improve safety, the speed limit on the Golden Gate Bridge was reduced from 50 to 45 mph (80 to 72 km/h) on the 1st. October 1983.
Although there had been discussion concerning the installation of a movable barrier since the 1980's, only in March 2005 did the Bridge Board of Directors commit to finding funding to complete the $2 million study required prior to the installation of a movable median barrier.
Installation of the resulting barrier was completed on the 11th. January 2015, following a closure of 45.5 hours to private vehicle traffic, the longest in the bridge's history. The new barrier system, including the zipper trucks, cost approximately $30.3 million to purchase and install.
The bridge carries about 112,000 vehicles per day.
Usage and Tourism
The bridge is popular with pedestrians and bicyclists, and was built with walkways on either side of the six vehicle traffic lanes.
Initially, they were separated from the traffic lanes by only a metal curb, but railings between the walkways and the traffic lanes were added in 2003, primarily as a measure to prevent cyclists from falling into the roadway. The bridge was designated as part of U.S. Bicycle Route 95 in 2021.
A visitor center and gift shop, originally called the "Bridge Pavilion" (since renamed the “Golden Gate Bridge Welcome Center”), is located on the San Francisco side of the bridge, adjacent to the southeast parking lot.
It opened in 2012, in time for the bridge's 75th.-anniversary celebration. A cafe, outdoor exhibits, and restroom facilities are located nearby. On the Marin side of the bridge, only accessible from the northbound lanes, is the H. Dana Bower Rest Area and Vista Point, named after the first landscape architect for the California Division of Highways.
Land and waters under and around the bridge are homes to varieties of wildlife such as bobcats, harbor seals, and sea lions. Three species of whales that had been absent in the area for many years have shown recent recolonizations in the vicinity of the bridge.
Tolls
Tolls are only collected from southbound traffic at the toll plaza on the San Francisco side of the bridge. All-electronic tolling has been in effect since 2013, and drivers may either pay using the FasTrak electronic toll collection device, using the license plate tolling program, or via a one time payment online.
Effective 1st. July 2022, the regular toll rate for passenger cars is $8.80, with FasTrak users paying a discounted toll of $8.40.
When the Golden Gate Bridge opened in 1937, the toll was 50 cents per car (equivalent to $9.42 in 2021), collected in each direction.
Suicides at the Golden Gate Bridge
The Golden Gate Bridge is the most-used suicide site in the world. The deck is about 245 feet (75 m) above the water, and after a fall of four seconds, jumpers hit the water at around 75 mph (120 km/h; 30 m/s).
Most die from impact trauma. About 5% survive the initial impact, but generally drown or die of hypothermia in the cold water.
As a suicide prevention initiative, signs on the Golden Gate Bridge promote special telephones that connect to crisis hotlines, as well as 24/7 crisis text lines.
After years of debate and more than 1,500 deaths, suicide barriers, consisting of a stainless steel net extending 20 feet from the bridge, began to be installed in April 2017. Construction was first estimated to take approximately four years at a cost of over $200 million.
In December 2019, it was reported that construction of the suicide prevention net had fallen two years behind schedule because the lead contractor, Shimmick Construction Co., had been sold in 2017, leading to the slowdown of several existing projects. As of December 2019, the completion date for the Golden Gate Bridge net was set for 2023.
Wind
The Golden Gate Bridge was designed to safely withstand winds of up to 68 mph (109 km/h). Until 2008, the bridge was closed because of weather conditions only three times: on the st. December 1951, because of gusts of 69 mph (111 km/h); on the 23rd. December 1982, because of winds of 70 mph (113 km/h); and on the 3rd. December 1983, because of wind gusts of 75 mph (121 km/h). An anemometer placed midway between the two towers on the west side of the bridge is used to measure wind speeds, along with another anemometer on one of the towers.
As part of the retrofitting of the bridge and installation of the suicide barrier, starting in 2019 the railings on the west side of the pedestrian walkway were replaced with thinner, more flexible slats in order to improve the bridge's aerodynamic tolerance of high wind to 100 mph (161 km/h).
Starting in June 2020, reports were received of a loud hum, heard across San Francisco and Marin County, produced by the new railing slats when a strong west wind was blowing.
The sound had been predicted from wind tunnel tests, but had not been included in the environmental impact report; ways of ameliorating it are being considered.
Seismic Vulnerability and Improvements
Modern knowledge of the effect of earthquakes on structures led to a program to retrofit the Golden Gate to better resist seismic events. The proximity of the bridge to the San Andreas Fault places it at risk for a significant earthquake.
Once thought to have been able to withstand any magnitude of foreseeable earthquake, it was found that the bridge was actually vulnerable to complete structural failure (i.e., collapse) triggered by the failure of supports on the 320-foot (98 m) arch over Fort Point.
A $392 million program was initiated in order to improve the structure's ability to withstand such an event with only minimal (repairable) damage.
A custom-built electro-hydraulic synchronous lift system for construction of temporary support towers and a series of intricate lifts, transferring the loads from the existing bridge onto the temporary supports, were completed with engineers from Balfour Beatty and Enerpac, without disrupting day-to-day commuter traffic.
Although the retrofit was initially planned to be completed in 2012, as of May 2017 it was expected to take several more years.
The former elevated approach to the Golden Gate Bridge through the San Francisco Presidio, known as Doyle Drive, dated to 1933, and was named after Frank P. Doyle.
Doyle, the president of the Exchange Bank in Santa Rosa and son of the bank's founder, was the man who, more than any other person, made it possible to build the Golden Gate Bridge.
The highway carried about 91,000 vehicles each weekday between downtown San Francisco and the North Bay and points north. The road was deemed "vulnerable to earthquake damage", had a problematic 4-lane design, and lacked shoulders; a San Francisco County Transportation Authority study recommended that it be replaced.
Construction on the $1 billion replacement, temporarily known as the Presidio Parkway, began in December 2009. The elevated Doyle Drive was demolished on the weekend of the 27th.--30th. April, and traffic used a part of the partially completed Presidio Parkway until it was switched onto the finished Presidio Parkway on the weekend of the 9th.--12th. July 2015.
As of May 2012, an official at Caltrans said there is no plan to permanently rename the portion known as Doyle Drive.
Published in January 1894 by The Historical Publishing Company, author J. W. Buel, this book contains 300 photographs of every aspect of the fair.
The World's Fair: Columbian Exposition (also known as the Chicago World's Fair) was a world's fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival in the New World in 1492. At the core of the fair was an area that quickly became known as the White City for its buildings with white stucco siding and its streets illuminated by electric lights.
Some news for you - The Cornwall Tourist Board have chosen two of my photos to use in the 2008 Cornwall Destination Guide.
Got my copy hot of the press yesterday!
This is my picture of Portreath on the front cover.
To be found in TICs all around the country :)
I was published in a major photography magazine in Greece, which featured an article on macrophotography.
Magazine "ΦΩΤΟΓΡΑΦΟΣ", pages 46-47 (spread), Issue No.218, May-June 2012
The Postcard
A postally unused carte postale published by E. B. The card has a divided back.
Medieval craftsmen must have realised when they were carefully carving the chimères that few people would ever get close enough to them to appreciate their skill and artistry.
The Notre-Dame Fire
On the 15th. April 2019, fire broke out in the attic beneath the cathedral's roof at 18:18. At 18:20 the fire alarm sounded and guards evacuated the cathedral. A guard was sent to investigate, but to the wrong location – the attic of the adjoining sacristy – where he found no fire. About fifteen minutes later the error was discovered, but by the time guards had climbed the three hundred steps to the cathedral attic the fire was well advanced.
The alarm system was not designed to automatically notify the fire brigade, which was summoned at 18:51 after the guards had returned. Firefighters arrived within ten minutes.
Fighting the Notre-Dame Fire
More than 400 firefighters were engaged. A hundred government employees along with police and municipal workers moved precious artefacts to safety via a human chain.
The fire was primarily fought from inside the structure, which was more dangerous for personnel, but reduced potential damage to the cathedral - applying water from outside risked deflecting flames and hot gases (at temperatures up to 800 °C) inwards. Deluge guns were used at lower-than-usual pressures to minimise damage to the cathedral and its contents. Water was supplied by pump-boat from the Seine.
Aerial firefighting was not used because water dropped from heights could have caused structural damage, and heated stone can crack if suddenly cooled. Helicopters were also not used because of dangerous updrafts, but drones were used for visual and thermal imaging, and robots for visual imaging and directing water streams. Molten lead falling from the roof posed a special hazard for firefighters.
By 18:52, smoke was visible from the outside; flames appeared within the next ten minutes. The spire of the cathedral collapsed at 19:50, creating a draft that slammed all the doors and sent a fireball through the attic. Firefighters then retreated from within the attic.
Shortly before the spire fell, the fire had spread to the wooden framework inside the north tower, which supported eight very large bells. Had the bells fallen, it was thought that the damage done as they fell could have collapsed the towers, and with them the entire cathedral.
At 20:30, firefighters abandoned attempts to extinguish the roof and concentrated on saving the towers, fighting from within and between the towers. By 21:45 the fire was under control.
Adjacent apartment buildings were evacuated due to concern about possible collapse, but on the 19th. April the fire brigade ruled out that risk. One firefighter and two police officers were injured.
Damage to Notre-Dame
Most of the wood/metal roof and the spire of the cathedral was destroyed, with about one third of the roof remaining. The remnants of the roof and spire fell atop the stone vault underneath, which forms the ceiling of the cathedral's interior. Some sections of this vaulting collapsed in turn, allowing debris from the burning roof to fall to the marble floor below, but most sections remained intact due to the use of rib vaulting, greatly reducing damage to the cathedral's interior and objects within.
The cathedral contained a large number of artworks, religious relics, and other irreplaceable treasures, including a crown of thorns said to be the one Jesus wore at his crucifixion. Other items were a purported piece of the cross on which Jesus was crucified, the Tunic of St. Louis, a pipe organ by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll, and the 14th.-century Virgin of Paris statue.
Some artwork had been removed in preparation for the renovations, and most of the cathedral's sacred relics were held in the adjoining sacristy, which the fire did not reach; all the cathedral's relics survived. Many valuables that were not removed also survived.
Lead joints in some of the 19th.-century stained-glass windows melted, but the three major rose windows, dating back to the 13th. century, were undamaged. Several pews were destroyed, and the vaulted arches were blackened by smoke, though the cathedral's main cross and altar survived, along with the statues surrounding it.
Some paintings, apparently only smoke-damaged, are expected to be transported to the Louvre for restoration. The rooster-shaped reliquary atop the spire was found damaged but intact among the debris. The three pipe organs were not significantly damaged. The largest of the cathedral's bells, the bourdon, was also not damaged. The liturgical treasury of the cathedral and the "Grands Mays" paintings were moved to safety.
Environmental Damage
Airparif said that winds rapidly dispersed the smoke, carrying it away aloft along the Seine corridor. It did not find elevated levels of particulate air pollution at monitoring stations nearby. The Paris police stated that there was no danger from breathing the air around the fire.
The burned-down roof had been covered with over 400 metric tons of lead. Settling dust substantially raised surface lead levels in some places nearby, notably the cordoned-off area and places left open during the fire. Wet cleaning for surfaces and blood tests for children and pregnant women were recommended in the immediate area.
People working on the cathedral after the fire did not initially take the lead precautions required for their own protection; materials leaving the site were decontaminated, but some clothing was not, and some precautions were not correctly followed; as a result, the worksite failed some inspections and was temporarily shut down.
There was also more widespread contamination; testing, clean-up, and public health advisories were delayed for months, and the neighbourhood was not decontaminated for four months, prompting widespread criticism.
Reactions to the Notre-Dame Fire
President of France Emmanuel Macron, postponing a speech to address the Yellow Vests Movement planned for that evening, went to Notre-Dame and gave a brief address there. Numerous world religious and government leaders extended condolences.
Through the night of the fire and into the next day, people gathered along the Seine to hold vigils, sing and pray.
White tarpaulins over metal beams were quickly rigged to protect the interior from the elements. Nettings protect the de-stabilised exterior.
The following Sunday at Saint-Eustache Church, the Archbishop of Paris, Michel Aupetit, honoured the firefighters with the presentation of a book of scriptures saved from the fire.
Investigation Into The Notre-Dame Fire
On the 16th. April, the Paris prosecutor said that there was no evidence of a deliberate act.
The fire has been compared to the similar 1992 Windsor Castle fire and the Uppark fire, among others, and has raised old questions about the safety of similar structures and the techniques used to restore them. Renovation works increase the risk of fire, and a police source reported that they are looking into whether such work had caused this incident.
The renovations presented a fire risk from sparks, short-circuits, and heat from welding (roof repairs involved cutting, and welding lead sheets resting on timber). Normally, no electrical installations were allowed in the roof space due to the extreme fire risk.
The roof framing was of very dry timber, often powdery with age. After the fire, the architect responsible for fire safety at the cathedral acknowledged that the rate at which fire might spread had been underestimated, and experts said it was well known that a fire in the roof would be almost impossible to control.
Of the firms working on the restoration, a Europe Echafaudage team was the only one working there on the day of the fire; the company said no soldering or welding was underway before the fire. The scaffolding was receiving electrical supply for temporary elevators and lighting.
The roofers, Le Bras Frères, said it had followed procedure, and that none of its personnel were on site when the fire broke out. Time-lapse images taken by a camera installed by them showed smoke first rising from the base of the spire.
On the 25th. April, the structure was considered safe enough for investigators to enter. They unofficially stated that they were considering theories involving malfunction of electric bell-ringing apparatus, and cigarette ends discovered on the renovation scaffolding.
Le Bras Frères confirmed its workers had smoked cigarettes, contrary to regulations, but denied that a cigarette butt could have started the fire. The Paris prosecutor's office announced on the 26th. June that no evidence had been found to suggest a criminal motive.
The security employee monitoring the alarm system was new on the job, and was on a second eight-hour shift that day because his relief had not arrived. Additionally, the fire security system used confusing terminology in its referencing parts of the cathedral, which contributed to the initial confusion as to the location of the fire.
As of September, five months after the fire, investigators thought the cause of the fire was more likely an electrical fault than a cigarette. Determining the exact place in which the fire started was expected to take a great deal more time and work. By the 15th. April 2020, investigators stated:
"We believe the fire to have been
started by either a cigarette or a
short circuit in the electrical system".
Reconstruction of Notre-Dame Cathedral
On the night of the fire Macron said that the cathedral, which is owned by the state, would be rebuilt, and launched an international fundraising campaign. France's cathedrals have been owned by the state since 1905, and are not privately insured.
The heritage conservation organisation Fondation du Patrimoine estimated the damage in the hundreds of millions of euros, but losses from the fire are not expected to substantially impact the private insurance industry.
European art insurers stated that the cost would be similar to ongoing renovations at the Palace of Westminster in London, which currently is estimated to be around €7 billion.
This cost does not include damage to any of the artwork or artefacts within the cathedral. Any pieces on loan from other museums would have been insured, but the works owned by the cathedral would not have been insurable.
While Macron hoped the cathedral could be restored in time for the 2024 Paris Summer Olympics, architects expect the work could take from twenty to forty years, as any new structure would need to balance restoring the look of the original building, using wood and stone sourced from the same regions used in the original construction, with the structural reinforcement required for preventing a similar disaster in the future.
There is discussion of whether to reconstruct the cathedral in modified form. Rebuilding the roof with titanium sheets and steel trusses has been suggested; other options include rebuilding in the original lead and wood, or rebuilding with modern materials not visible from the outside (like the reinforced concrete trusses at Reims Cathedral).
Another option would be to use a combination of restored old elements and newly designed ones. Chartres Cathedral was rebuilt with wrought iron trusses and copper sheeting after an 1836 fire.
French prime minister Édouard Philippe announced an architectural design competition for a new spire that would be:
"Adapted to the techniques
and the challenges of our era."
The spire replacement project has gathered a variety of designs and some controversy, particularly its legal exemption from environmental and heritage rules. After the design competition was announced, the French senate amended the government's restoration bill to require the roof to be restored to how it was before the fire.
On the 16th. July, 95 days after the fire, the law that will govern the restoration of the cathedral was finally approved by the French parliament. It recognises its UNESCO World Heritage Site status and the need to respect existing international charters and practices, to:
"Preserve the historic, artistic and architectural
history of the monument, and to limit any
derogations to the existing heritage, planning,
environmental and construction codes to a
minimum".
On the 15th. April 2020, Germany offered to restore some of the large clerestory windows located far above eye level with three expert tradesmen who specialize in rebuilding cathedrals. Monika Grütters, Germany's Commissioner for Culture was quoted as saying that her country would shoulder the costs.
As of the 30th. November all of the tangled scaffolding was removed from the spire area, and was therefore no longer a threat to the building.
The world will now have to wait for Notre-Dame de Paris to be restored to its former magnificence.
We publish today the english version of the first volume from Foto-Splendid series, “Social Life”
#freeforall #shareordie
colectiacosticaacsinte.eu/misc/foto-splendid-volume-one-s...
チャアミガサタケ
アミガサタケ科 / アミガサタケ属
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. var. umbrina (Boud.) S. Imai, Sci. Rep. Yokohama Natl. Univ., Sect. 2 3: 7 (1954)
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Basionym:
Morchella umbrina Boud. 1897
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Citations in published lists or literature:
Index of Fungi 2: 281
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Position in classification:
Morchellaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetidae, Pezizomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi
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Species Fungorum current name:
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. 1794
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GSD: Click here to get an explanation of GSD’s
Species Fungorum synonymy
GSD Species Synonymy
Current Name:
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers., Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 116 (1794)
Synonymy:
Phallus esculentus L., Sp. pl. 2: 1178 (1753)
Helvella esculenta (L.) Sowerby, Col. fig. Engl. Fung. Mushr. (London) 1(no. 9): tab. 51 (1796)
Helvella esculenta (L.) Pers., Comm. Schaeff. Icon. Pict.: 64 (1800)
Morellus esculentus (L.) Eaton, Man. bot., Edn 2: 324 (1818)
Morilla esculenta (L.) Quél., Enchir. fung. (Paris): 271 (1886)
Phalloboletus esculentus (L.) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. (Leipzig) 2: 865 (1891)
Morchella rotunda var. esculenta (L.) Jacquet., in Jacquetant & Bon, Docums Mycol. 14(no. 56): 1 (1985)
Morchella prunarii Schulzer
Morchella esculenta var. prunarii (Schulzer & Hazsl.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 8: 9 (1889)
Phallus esculentus var. albus Bull., Hist. Champ. Fr. (Paris) 1(2): 274 (1791)
Morchella vulgaris var. alba (Bull.) Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 268 (2012)
Phallus esculentus var. cinereus Bull., Hist. Champ. Fr. (Paris) 1(2): 274, pl. 218:A-DG (1791)
Phallus esculentus var. fuscus Bull., Hist. Champ. Fr. (Paris) 1(2): 274, pl. 218:EFH (1791)
Phallus tremelloides Vent., Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 21: 509 (1797)
Morchella tremelloides (Vent.) Pers., Syn. meth. fung. (Göttingen) 2: 621 (1801)
Morilla tremelloides (Vent.) Quél., Enchir. fung. (Paris): 272 (1886)
Morchella vulgaris var. tremelloides (Vent.) Boud. [as 'tremelloïdes'], Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 13: 139 (1897)
Phallus esculentus var. rotundus Pers., Comm. Schaeff. Icon. Pict.: 81 (1800)
Morchella esculenta a rotunda Pers., Syn. meth. fung. (Göttingen) 2: 619 (1801)
Morchella esculenta var. rotunda (Pers.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 8: 9 (1889)
Morchella rotunda (Pers.) Boud., Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 13: 135 (1897)
Morchella esculenta f. rotunda (Pers.) Reichert, Bot. Jb. 56: 673 (1921)
Morchella conica Pers., Traité champ. Comest. (Paris): 257 (1818)
Morchella esculenta var. conica (Pers.) Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lundae) 2(1): 7 (1822)
Morilla conica (Pers.) Quél., Enchir. fung. (Paris): 271 (1886)
Morchella esculenta var. alba Mérat, Nouv. Fl. Environs Paris, Edn 2 1: 91 (1821)
Morchella rotunda var. alba (Mérat) Sacc., in Saccardo & Trotter, Syll. fung. (Abellini) 22(1): 598 (1913)
Morchella esculenta var. cinerea Mérat, Nouv. Fl. Environs Paris, Edn 2 1: 91 (1821)
Morchella esculenta var. fulva Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lundae) 2(1): 7 (1822)
Morchella esculenta subsp. pubescens Pers., Mycol. eur. (Erlanga) 1: 207 (1822)
Morchella pubescens (Pers.) Krombh., Naturgetr. Abbild. Beschr. Schwämme (Prague) 3: tab. 17, fig. 20 (1834)
Morchella rotunda var. pubescens (Pers.) Boud., Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 13: 136 (1897)
Morchella esculenta var. pubescens (Pers.) Sacc. & Traverso, Syll. fung. (Abellini) 20: 117 (1911)
Morchella esculenta var. grisea Pers., Mycol. eur. (Erlanga) 1: 207 (1822)
Morchella conica var. metheformis Pers., Mycol. eur. (Erlanga) 1: 208 (1822)
Morchella esculenta var. stipitata Lenz, Schwämme Mitteldeutschl.: fig. 65 (1831)
Morchella conica var. pusilla Krombh., Naturgetr. Abbild. Beschr. Schwämme (Prague) 1: pl. 16 (1831)
Morchella conica var. rigida Krombh., Naturgetr. Abbild. Beschr. Schwämme (Prague) 3: tab. 16:13; tab. 17:1-2 (1834)
Morchella rigida (Krombh.) Boud., Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 13: 137 (1897)
Morchella rotunda var. rigida (Krombh.) Jacquet., in Jacquetant & Bon, Docums Mycol. 14(no. 56): 1 (1985)
Morchella esculenta var. rigida (Krombh.) I.R. Hall, P.K. Buchanan, Y. Wang & Cole, Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms (Christchurch): 177 (1998)
Morchella conica var. ceracea Krombh., Naturgetr. Abbild. Beschr. Schwämme (Prague) 3: 10, tab. 16:11-12 (1834)
Morchella esculenta var. violacea Lév., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3 5: 249 (1846)
Morchella distans Fr., Summa veg. Scand., Sectio Post. (Stockholm): 346 (1849)
Morchella conica var. distans (Fr.) Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 306 (2012)
Morchella esculenta var. corrugata Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 8: 9 (1889)
Morchella esculenta var. ovalis Fr. ex Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 8: 9 (1889)
Morchella viridis Leuba, Champ. comest.: pl. 46, fig. 3-5 (1890)
Morchella esculenta var. viridis (Leuba) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 18: 2 (1906)
Morchella abietina Leuba, Champ. comest.: 89 (1890)
Morchella esculenta var. abietina (Leuba) Sacc. & Trotter, in Saccardo & Traverso, Syll. fung. (Abellini) 20: 1273 (1911)
Morchella lutescens Leuba, Champ. comest.: 89 (1890)
Morchella esculenta var. lutescens (Leuba) Sacc. & Traverso, Syll. fung. (Abellini) 20: 1273 (1911)
Morchella conica var. elata Henn., Verh. bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenb. 36: 67 (1895)
Morchella rotunda var. cinerea Boud., Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 13: 136 (1897)
Morchella umbrina Boud., Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 13: 138 (1897)
Morchella esculenta var. umbrina (Boud.) S. Imai, Sci. Rep. Yokohama Natl. Univ., Sect. 2 3: 7 (1954)
Morchella vulgaris var. albida Boud., Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 13: 139 (1897)
Morchella esculenta var. albida (Boud.) Sacc., in Saccardo & Traverso, Syll. fung. (Abellini) 20: 116 (1911)
Morchella vulgaris var. cinerascens Boud., Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 13: 139 (1897)
Morchella rotunda var. alba Boud., Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 13: 136 (1897)
Morchella vulgaris var. alba Boud., Icon. Mycol. (Paris) 4: 104 (1910)
Morchella conica var. serotina Peck, Bull. N.Y. St. Mus. 157: 50 (1912)
Morchella conica var. angusticeps Peck, (1912)
Morchella cylindrica Velen., Mykologia (Prague) 2(6-7): 92 (1925)
Morchella conica f. cylindrica (Velen.) Svrček, Česká Mykol. 31(2): 70 (1977)
Morchella rotunda var. cinerea Grelet, Bull. Soc. bot. Centre-Ouest, Nouv. sér. 1: 8 (1932)
Morchella rotunda var. fulva Grelet, Bull. Soc. bot. Centre-Ouest, Nouv. sér. 1: 8 (1932)
Morchella vulgaris var. parvula Bánhegyi, Index Horti bot. univ. Budapest 3: 170 (1938)
Morchella esculenta var. atrotomentosa M.M. Moser, Sydowia 3(1-6): 189 (1949)
Morchella distans f. longissima Jacquet., Les Morilles (Paris): 36 (1984)
Morchella distans f. spathulata Jacquet., Les Morilles (Paris): 36 (1984)
Morchella umbrina f. macroalveola Jacquet., Les Morilles (Paris): 78 (1984)
Morchella esculenta f. alba Galli, Il Genere Morchella in Lombardia (San Vittore Olona): 20 (1984)
Morchella rotunda var. pallida Jacquet., in Jacquetant & Bon, Les Morilles (Paris): 104 (1984)
Morchella rotunda var. crassipes Jacquet., in Jacquetant & Bon, Docums Mycol. 14(no. 56): 1 (1985)
Morchella rotunda var. minutula Jacquet., in Jacquetant & Bon, Docums Mycol. 14(no. 56): 1 (1985)
Morchella rotunda var. pallida Jacquet., in Jacquetant & Bon, Docums Mycol. 14(no. 56): 1 (1985)
Morchella ovalis f. pallida (Jacquet.) Clowez & Luc Martin, in Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 243 (2012)
Morchella esculenta f. dunensis Castañera, J.L. Alonso & G. Moreno, in Castañera & Moreno, Yesca, Revista Sociedad Micólogica de Cántabria 8: 27 (1996)
Morchella dunensis (Castañera, J.L. Alonso & G. Moreno) Clowez, in Reumaux et al., Docums Mycol. 27(no. 106): 54 (1997)
Morchella esculenta var. dunensis (Castañera, J.L. Alonso & G. Moreno) Blanco-Dios, Index Fungorum 213: 1 (2015)
Morchella dunensis f. sterilis Picón [as 'sterile'], Belarra (Bilbao) 13: 35 (1998)
Morchella esculenta f. sterilis (Picón) Blanco-Dios, Index Fungorum 213: 1 (2015)
Morchella vulgaris var. aucupariae Clowez & J.-M. Moingeon, in Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 270 (2012)
Morchella esculenta var. aurantiaca Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 230 (2012)
Morchella esculenta var. brunnea Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 230 (2012)
Morchella esculenta var. mahoniae Clowez & R. Durand bis, in Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 231 (2012)
Morchella esculenta var. roseostraminea Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 231 (2012)
Morchella esculenta var. rubroris Clowez & Luc Martin, in Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 236 (2012)
Morchella esculenta var. theobromichroa Clowez & Vanhille, in Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 236 (2012)
Morchella esculenta var. umbrinoides Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 238 (2012)
Morchella vulgaris var. atrogrisea Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 270 (2012)
Morchella vulgaris var. griseosordida Clowez & Franç. Petit, in Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 271 (2012)
Morchella conica var. cilicicae Clowez, Baş Serm. & Işıloğlu, in Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 303 (2012)
Morchella conica var. crassa Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 303 (2012)
Morchella conica var. flexuosa Clowez & Luc Martin, in Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 306 (2012)
Morchella conica var. meandriformis Clowez & Moyne, in Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 307 (2012)
Morchella conica var. nigra Clowez & Moyne, in Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 307 (2012)
Morchella conica var. pygmaea Clowez & Delaunoy, in Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 310 (2012)
Morchella conica var. violeipes Clowez & Y. Mourgues, in Clowez, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 311 (2012)
Morchella vulgaris var. parvipilea Clowez [as 'parvapila'], Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 126(3-4): 271 (2012)
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Position in classification:
Morchellaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetidae, Pezizomycetes, Ascomycota, Fungi
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Synonymy Contributor(s):
Kew Mycology (2015)
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Index Fungorum Registration Identifier 352323
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私は菌類には疎い。そのため、自身の行った分類が間違っている可能性を捨てきれていない。私に誤りがある場合、知っている人は私にその誤りを教えていただければとても助かります。皆さん、よろしくお願いいたします。
I am ignorant of fungi. Therefore, the possibility that my classification is wrong has not been ruled out. If I make a mistake, it would be greatly appreciated if someone who knows could tell me the mistake. Thank you everyone.
SONY NEX-C3
OLYMPUS OM Zuiko MC Auto Macro 50mm F3.5
Fleet Squadron :
-1 Heavy Landing Bomber
-2 Fast Landing Corvette
-5 Fast Landing Interceptor
Minifigs For 1 Bomber :
- 1 sniper with rifle, precision visual binocular, communication device and jet pack
- 1 soldier with pistol and energy shield
- 1 Laser Gunner
- 1 Demolisher with double heavy gatling and laser designator
- 2 Soldiers in reinforced armor, with jet pack, pistol and rifle
- 4 battle droids
- 1 Soldier with double laser gun
- 1 rocket launch with perforating load with serving, pistol and communicator
- 1 flame-thrower
- 1 tactician of battle drones
- 3 Pilots
Total = 14 commandos + 3 pilots
Minifigs For 1 Corvette :
-3 Officers on the Bridge
-2 Pilots in the cockpit
-3 Heavy Battle droids
-6 Space Commandos
Minifigs For 1 Interceptor :
-1 Pilots in the cockpit
-2 Scout Battle droids
-4 Space Commandos
Create with the Official Lego Digital Designer software : ldd.us.lego.com/en-us/
3D pictures (or 3D rendering) generate with special software.
Building Instructions LDD :
-HEAVY LANDING BOMBER : ldd.us.lego.com/en-us/gallery/e8a10495-4f6d-4d32-8ace-e91...
-FAST LANDING CORVETTE : wwwsecure.us.lego.com/en-us/gallery/88a7a77f-a959-4bb7-bd...
-FAST LANDING INTERCEPTOR : ldd.us.lego.com/en-us/gallery/68c67a70-738e-43b1-8256-2a5...
Publish Janu,18/01/ 2017 BD LIVE HITS is a YouTube Chanel that presents all Hit Model, , Videos, News, , Live Performance, Juicy jokes etc ! ** Sonam's going to Hollywood!** Priyanka Chopra and Deepika Padukone, Sonam Kapoor, after traveling to Hollywood. Huma kuresirao international film debut. Britain, however, the film is not Hollywood. Sonam's father Anil Kapoor has already recovered Hollywood debut. Mission impossible: Ghost Protocol, and he acted in Slumdog Millionaire. Now Hollywood is Sonam. Ease of coffee with Sonam has acknowledged. Huma Qureshi international film debut. He is working with the director, Gurinder cadda his name. Bend It Like Beckham director Gurinder's film. Huma Qureshi is going to release the film in the UK on March 3 this year. Subscribe our channel : goo.gl/FD2h1b Share the video youtu.be/5D2hCeYZPOI Facebook fun page : ift.tt/2gF3THr Twitter : twitter.com/anis01713734673 *****KEYWORD****** ** Sonam's going to Hollywood**
Courageous Creativity - Flying Chicadee
PRETTY EXCITING!! I was just published as the featured photographer in this ezine.
issuu.com/flyingchickadee/docs/march_2015_print Every full-page photograph is one of mine, including the front and back covers.